,/ATE ,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM 
,H[ ,F> ,!Y ,AGREE1 & ,:]E9 ,!Y ,DIFF] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B5JAM9 ,R4 ,TUCK] 

,TEXT 3 

,PROBABLY NO AGITATION HAS EV] ATTA9$ ! MAGNITUDE1 EI!R 9 ! NUMB] ( ITS RECRUITS OR ! >EA ( ITS 9FLU5CE1 :I* HAS BE5 ATTA9$ BY ,MOD]N ,SOCIALISM1 & AT ! SAME TIME BE5 SO LITTLE UND]/OOD & SO MISUND]/OOD1 NOT ONLY BY ! HO/ILE & ! 9DIFF]5T1 BUT BY ! FRI5DLY1 & EV5 BY ! GREAT MASS ( ITS ADH]5TS !MSELVES4 ,?IS UN=TUNATE & HI<LY DANG]\S /ATE ( ?+S IS DUE P>TLY TO ! FACT ?AT ! HUMAN RELATION%IPS :I* ?IS MOVEM5T - IF ANY?+ SO *AOTIC CAN BE CALL$ A MOVEM5T - AIMS TO TRANS=M1 9VOLVE NO SPECIAL CLASS OR CLASSES1 BUT LIT]ALLY ALL MANK9D2 P>TLY TO ! FACT ?AT !SE RELATION%IPS >E 9F9ITELY MORE V>I$ & COMPLEX 9 !IR NATURE ?AN ?OSE ) :I* ANY SPECIAL RE=M HAS EV] BE5 CALL$ UPON TO DEAL2 & P>TLY TO ! FACT ?AT ! GREAT MOLD+ =CES ( SOCIETY1 ! *ANNELS ( 9=MATION & 5LI<T5M5T1 >E WELL-NI< EXCLUSIVELY UND] ! CONTROL ( ?OSE :OSE IMM$IATE PECUNI>Y 9T]E/S >E ANTAGONI/IC TO ! BOTTOM CLAIM ( ,SOCIALISM ?AT LABOR %\LD BE PUT 9 POSSESSION ( ITS [N4 

,ALMO/ ! ONLY P]SONS :O MAY BE SAID TO COMPREH5D EV5 APPROXIMATELY ! SIGNIFICANCE1 PR9CIPLES1 & PURPOSES ( ,SOCIALISM >E ! *IEF LEAD]S ( ! EXTREME W+S ( ! ,SOCIALI/IC =CES1 & P]HAPS A FEW ( ! MONEY K+S !MSELVES4 ,IT IS A SUBJECT ( :I* IT HAS LATELY BECOME QUITE ! FA%ION = PREA*]1 PR(ESSOR1 & P5NY-A-L9] TO TREAT1 &1 = ! MO/ P>T1 WOEFUL WORK !Y HAVE MADE ) IT1 EXCIT+ ! D]ISION & PITY ( ?OSE COMPET5T TO JUDGE4 ,?AT ?OSE PROM95T 9 ! 9T]M$IATE ,SOCIALI/IC DIVISIONS DO NOT FULLY UND]/& :AT !Y >E AB\T IS EVID5T FROM ! POSITIONS !Y OCCUPY4 ,IF !Y DID2 IF !Y W]E CONSI/5T1 LOGICAL ?9K]S2 IF !Y W]E :AT ! ,FR5* CALL CONSEQU5T M51 - !IR REASON+ FACULTIES W\LD LONG S9CE HAVE DRIV5 !M TO ONE EXTREME OR ! O!R4 

,= IT IS A CURI\S FACT ?AT ! TWO EXTREMES ( ! VA/ >MY N[ UND] CONSID]ATION1 ?\< UNIT$1 AS HAS BE5 H9T$ ABOVE1 BY ! COMMON CLAIM ?AT LABOR %ALL BE PUT 9 POSSESSION ( ITS [N1 >E MORE DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO EA* O!R 9 !IR FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( SOCIAL ACTION & !IR ME?ODS ( REA*+ ! 5DS AIM$ AT ?AN EI!R IS TO !IR COMMON 5EMY1 ! EXI/+ SOCIETY4 ,!Y >E BAS$ ON TWO PR9CIPLES ! HI/ORY ( :OSE CONFLICT IS ALMO/ EQUIVAL5T TO ! HI/ORY ( ! WORLD S9CE MAN CAME 9TO IT2 & ALL 9T]M$IATE P>TIES1 9CLUD+ ?AT ( ! UPHOLD]S ( ! EXI/+ SOCIETY1 >E BAS$ UPON A COMPROMISE BETWE5 !M4 ,IT IS CLE>1 !N1 ?AT ANY 9TELLIG5T1 DEEP-ROOT$ OPPOSITION TO ! PREVAIL+ ORD] ( ?+S MU/ COME FROM ONE OR ! O!R ( !SE EXTREMES1 = ANY?+ FROM ANY O!R S\RCE1 F> FROM BE+ REVOLUTION>Y 9 *>ACT]1 C\LD BE ONLY 9 ! NATURE ( SU* SUP]FICIAL MODIFICATION AS W\LD BE UTT]LY UNABLE TO CONC5TRATE UPON ITSELF ! DEGREE ( ATT5TION & 9T]E/ N[ BE/[$ UPON ,MOD]N ,SOCIALISM4 

,! TWO PR9CIPLES REF]R$ TO >E ,AU?ORITY & ,LIB]TY1 & ! NAMES ( ! TWO S*OOLS ( ,SOCIALI/IC ?\<T :I* FULLY & UNRES]V$LY REPRES5T ONE OR ! O!R ( !M >E1 RESPECTIVELY1 ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM4 ,:OSO KN[S :AT !SE TWO S*OOLS WANT & H[ !Y PROPOSE TO GET IT UND]/&S ! ,SOCIALI/IC MOVEM5T4 ,=1 JU/ AS IT HAS BE5 SAID ?AT !RE IS NO HALF-WAY H\SE BETWE5 ,ROME & ,REASON1 SO IT MAY BE SAID ?AT !RE IS NO HALF-WAY H\SE BETWE5 ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM4 ,!RE >E1 9 FACT1 TWO CURR5TS /EADILY FL[+ FROM ! C5T] ( ! ,SOCIALI/IC =CES :I* >E CONC5TRAT+ !M ON ! LEFT & ON ! RI<T2 &1 IF ,SOCIALISM IS TO PREVAIL1 IT IS AMONG ! POSSIBILITIES ?AT1 AFT] ?IS MOVEM5T ( SEP>ATION HAS BE5 COMPLET$ & ! EXI/+ ORD] HAVE BE5 CRU%$ \T BETWE5 ! TWO CAMPS1 ! ULTIMATE & BITT]] CONFLICT WILL BE /ILL TO COME4 ,9 ?AT CASE ALL ! EI<T-H\R M51 ALL ! TRADES-UNIONI/S1 ALL ! ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR1 ALL ! L& NATIONALIZATIONI/S1 ALL ! GRE5BACK]S1 &1 9 %ORT1 ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! ?\S& & ONE DIFF]5T BATTALIONS BELONG+ TO ! GREAT >MY ( ,LABOR1 WILL HAVE DES]T$ !IR OLD PO/S1 &1 !SE BE+ >RAY$ ON ! ONE SIDE & ! O!R1 ! GREAT BATTLE WILL BEG94 ,:AT A F9AL VICTORY = ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S WILL MEAN1 & :AT A F9AL VICTORY = ! ,AN>*I/S WILL MEAN1 IT IS ! PURPOSE ( ?IS PAP] TO BRIEFLY /ATE4 

,TO DO ?IS 9TELLIG5TLY1 H[EV]1 ,I MU/ FIR/ DESCRIBE ! GR\ND COMMON TO BO?1 ! FEATURES ?AT MAKE ,SOCIALI/S ( EA* ( !M4 

,! ECONOMIC PR9CIPLES ( ,MOD]N ,SOCIALISM >E A LOGICAL D$UCTION FROM ! PR9CIPLE LAID D[N BY ,ADAM ,SMI? 9 ! E>LY *APT]S ( HIS 0,WEAL? ( ,NATIONS10 - NAMELY1 ?AT LABOR IS ! TRUE MEASURE ( PRICE4 ,BUT ,ADAM ,SMI?1 AFT] /AT+ ?IS PR9CIPLE MO/ CLE>LY & CONCISELY1 IMM$IATELY AB&ON$ ALL FUR!R CONSID]ATION ( IT TO DEVOTE HIMSELF TO %[+ :AT ACTUALLY DOES MEASURE PRICE1 & H[1 !RE=E1 WEAL? IS AT PRES5T DI/RIBUT$4 ,S9CE HIS DAY NE>LY ALL ! POLITICAL ECONOMI/S HAVE FOLL[$ HIS EXAMPLE BY CONF9+ !IR FUNCTION TO ! DESCRIPTION ( SOCIETY AS IT IS1 9 ITS 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL PHASES4 ,SOCIALISM1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 EXT5DS ITS FUNCTION TO ! DESCRIPTION ( SOCIETY AS IT %\LD BE1 & ! DISCOV]Y ( ! MEANS ( MAK+ IT :AT IT %\LD BE4 ,HALF A C5TURY OR MORE AFT] ,SMI? 5UNCIAT$ ! PR9CIPLE ABOVE /AT$1 ,SOCIALISM PICK$ IT UP :]E HE HAD DROPP$ IT1 & 9 FOLL[+ IT TO ITS LOGICAL CONCLUSIONS1 MADE IT ! BASIS ( A NEW ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY4 

,?IS SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 DONE 9DEP5D5TLY BY ?REE DIFF]5T M51 ( ?REE DIFF]5T NATIONALITIES1 9 ?REE DIFF]5T LANGUAGES3 ,JOSIAH ,W>R51 AN ,AM]ICAN2 ,PI]RE ,J4 ,PR\DHON1 A ,FR5*MAN2 ,K>L ,M>X1 A ,G]MAN ,JEW4 ,?AT ,W>R5 & ,PR\DHON >RIV$ AT !IR CONCLUSIONS S+LY & UNAID$ IS C]TA92 BUT :E!R ,M>X WAS NOT L>GELY 9DEBT$ TO ,PR\DHON = HIS ECONOMIC IDEAS IS QUE/IONABLE4 ,H[EV] ?IS MAY BE1 ,M>X'S PRES5TATION ( ! IDEAS WAS 9 SO MANY RESPECTS PECULI>LY HIS [N ?AT HE IS FAIRLY 5TITL$ TO ! CR$IT ( ORIG9ALITY4 ,?AT ! WORK ( ?IS 9T]E/+ TRIO %\LD HAVE BE5 DONE SO NE>LY SIMULTANE\SLY W\LD SEEM TO 9DICATE ?AT ,SOCIALISM WAS 9 ! AIR1 & ?AT ! TIME WAS RIPE & ! CONDITIONS FAVORABLE = ! APPE>ANCE ( ?IS NEW S*OOL ( ?\<T4 ,SO F> AS PRIORITY ( TIME IS CONC]N$1 ! CR$IT SEEMS TO BELONG TO ,W>R51 ! ,AM]ICAN1 - A FACT :I* %\LD BE NOT$ BY ! /UMP ORATORS :O >E SO FOND ( DECLAIM+ AGA9/ ,SOCIALISM AS AN IMPORT$ >TICLE4 ,( ! PURE/ REVOLUTION>Y BLOOD1 TOO1 ?IS ,W>R51 = HE DESC5D$ FROM ! ,W>R5 :O FELL AT ,BUNK] ,HILL4 

,FROM ,SMI?'S PR9CIPLE ?AT LABOR IS ! TRUE MEASURE ( PRICE - OR1 AS ,W>R5 PHRAS$ IT1 ?AT CO/ IS ! PROP] LIMIT ( PRICE - !SE ?REE M5 MADE ! FOLL[+ D$UCTIONS3 ?AT ! NATURAL WAGE ( LABOR IS ITS PRODUCT2 ?AT ?IS WAGE1 OR PRODUCT1 IS ! ONLY JU/ S\RCE ( 9COME 7LEAV+ \T1 ( C\RSE1 GIFT1 9H]ITANCE1 ETC472 ?AT ALL :O D]IVE 9COME FROM ANY O!R S\RCE AB/RACT IT DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY FROM ! NATURAL & JU/ WAGE ( LABOR2 ?AT ?IS AB/RACT+ PROCESS G5]ALLY TAKES ONE ( ?REE =MS1 - 9T]E/1 R5T1 & PR(IT2 ?AT !SE ?REE CON/ITUTE ! TR9ITY ( USURY1 & >E SIMPLY DIFF]5T ME?ODS ( LEVY+ TRIBUTE = ! USE ( CAPITAL2 ?AT1 CAPITAL BE+ SIMPLY /OR$-UP LABOR :I* HAS ALREADY RECEIV$ ITS PAY 9 FULL1 ITS USE \<T TO BE GRATUIT\S1 ON ! PR9CIPLE ?AT LABOR IS ! ONLY BASIS ( PRICE2 ?AT ! L5D] ( CAPITAL IS 5TITL$ TO ITS RETURN 9TACT1 & NO?+ MORE2 ?AT ! ONLY REASON :Y ! BANK]1 ! /OCKHOLD]1 ! L&LORD1 ! MANUFACTUR]1 & ! M]*ANT >E ABLE TO EXACT USURY FROM LABOR LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT !Y >E BACK$ BY LEGAL PRIVILEGE1 OR MONOPOLY2 & ?AT ! ONLY WAY TO SECURE LABOR ! 5JOYM5T ( ITS 5TIRE PRODUCT1 OR NATURAL WAGE1 IS TO /RIKE D[N MONOPOLY4 

,IT MU/ NOT BE 9F]R$ ?AT EI!R ,W>R51 ,PR\DHON1 OR ,M>X US$ EXACTLY ?IS PHRASEOLOGY1 OR FOLL[$ EXACTLY ?IS L9E ( ?\<T1 BUT IT 9DICATES DEF9ITELY 5\< ! FUNDAM5TAL GR\ND TAK5 BY ALL ?REE1 & !IR SUB/ANTIAL ?\<T UP TO ! LIMIT TO :I* !Y W5T 9 COMMON4 ,&1 LE/ ,I MAY BE ACCUS$ ( /AT+ ! POSITIONS & >GUM5TS ( !SE M5 9CORRECTLY1 IT MAY BE WELL TO SAY 9 ADVANCE ?AT ,I HAVE VIEW$ !M BROADLY1 & ?AT1 = ! PURPOSE ( %>P1 VIVID1 & EMPHATIC COMP>ISON & CONTRA/1 ,I HAVE TAK5 CONSID]ABLE LIB]TY ) !IR ?\<T BY RE>RANG+ IT 9 AN ORD]1 & (T5 9 A PHRASEOLOGY1 ( MY [N1 BUT1 ,I AM SATISFI$1 )\T1 9 SO DO+1 MISREPRES5T+ !M 9 ANY ESS5TIAL P>TICUL>4 

,IT WAS AT ?IS PO9T - ! NECESSITY ( /RIK+ D[N MONOPOLY - ?AT CAME ! P>T+ ( !IR WAYS4 ,H]E ! ROAD =K$4 ,!Y F\ND ?AT !Y MU/ TURN EI!R TO ! RI<T OR TO ! LEFT1 - FOLL[ EI!R ! PA? ( ,AU?ORITY OR ! PA? ( ,LIB]TY4 ,M>X W5T ONE WAY2 ,W>R5 & ,PR\DHON ! O!R4 ,?US W]E BORN ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM4 

,FIR/1 !N1 ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 :I* MAY BE DESCRIB$ AS ! DOCTR9E ?AT ALL ! AFFAIRS ( M5 %\LD BE MANAG$ BY ! GOV]NM5T1 REG>DLESS ( 9DIVIDUAL *OICE4 ,M>X1 ITS F\ND]1 CONCLUD$ ?AT ! ONLY WAY TO ABOLI% ! CLASS MONOPOLIES WAS TO C5TRALIZE & CONSOLIDATE ALL 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL 9T]E/S1 ALL PRODUCTIVE & DI/RIBUTIVE AG5CIES1 9 ONE VA/ MONOPOLY 9 ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE4 ,! GOV]NM5T MU/ BECOME BANK]1 MANUFACTUR]1 F>M]1 C>RI]1 & M]*ANT1 & 9 !SE CAPACITIES MU/ SUFF] NO COMPETITION4 ,L&1 TOOLS1 & ALL 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION MU/ BE WRE/$ FROM 9DIVIDUAL H&S1 & MADE ! PROP]TY ( ! COLLECTIVITY4 ,TO ! 9DIVIDUAL CAN BELONG ONLY ! PRODUCTS TO BE CONSUM$1 NOT ! MEANS ( PRODUC+ !M4 ,A MAN MAY [N HIS CLO!S & HIS FOOD1 BUT NOT ! SEW+-MA*9E :I* MAKES HIS %IRTS OR ! SPADE :I* DIGS HIS POTATOES4 ,PRODUCT & CAPITAL >E ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T ?+S2 ! =M] BELONGS TO 9DIVIDUALS1 ! LATT] TO SOCIETY4 ,SOCIETY MU/ SEIZE ! CAPITAL :I* BELONGS TO IT1 BY ! BALLOT IF IT CAN1 BY REVOLUTION IF IT MU/4 ,ONCE 9 POSSESSION ( IT1 IT MU/ ADM9I/] IT ON ! MAJORITY PR9CIPLE1 ?\< ITS ORGAN1 ! ,/ATE1 UTILIZE IT 9 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 FIX ALL PRICES BY ! AM\NT ( LABOR 9VOLV$1 & EMPLOY ! :OLE PEOPLE 9 ITS WORK%OPS1 F>MS1 /ORES1 ETC4 ,! NATION MU/ BE TRANS=M$ 9TO A VA/ BUREAUCRACY1 & EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL 9TO A ,/ATE (FICIAL4 ,EV]Y?+ MU/ BE DONE ON ! CO/ PR9CIPLE1 ! PEOPLE HAV+ NO MOTIVE TO MAKE A PR(IT \T ( !MSELVES4 ,9DIVIDUALS NOT BE+ ALL[$ TO [N CAPITAL1 NO ONE CAN EMPLOY ANO!R1 OR EV5 HIMSELF4 ,EV]Y MAN WILL BE A WAGE-RECEIV]1 & ! ,/ATE ! ONLY WAGE-PAY]4 ,HE :O WILL NOT WORK = ! ,/ATE MU/ />VE1 OR1 MORE LIKELY1 GO TO PRISON4 ,ALL FRE$OM ( TRADE MU/ DISAPPE>4 ,COMPETITION MU/ BE UTT]LY WIP$ \T4 ,ALL 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL ACTIVITY MU/ BE C5T]$ 9 ONE VA/1 5ORM\S1 ALL-9CLUSIVE MONOPOLY4 ,! REM$Y = MONOPOLIES IS MONOPOLY4 

,SU* IS ! ECONOMIC PROGRAM ( ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM AS ADOPT$ FROM ,K>L ,M>X4 ,! HI/ORY ( ITS GR[? & PROGRESS CANNOT BE TOLD H]E4 ,9 ?IS C\NTRY ! P>TIES ?AT UPHOLD IT >E KN[N AS ! ,SOCIALI/IC ,LABOR ,P>TY1 :I* PRET5DS TO FOLL[ ,K>L ,M>X2 ! ,NATIONALI/S1 :O FOLL[ ,K>L ,M>X FILT]$ ?R\< ,$W>D ,BELLAMY2 & ! ,*RI/IAN ,SOCIALI/S1 :O FOLL[ ,K>L ,M>X FILT]$ ?R\< ,JESUS ,*RI/4 

,:AT O!R APPLICATIONS ?IS PR9CIPLE ( ,AU?ORITY1 ONCE ADOPT$ 9 ! ECONOMIC SPH]E1 WILL DEVELOP IS V]Y EVID5T4 ,IT MEANS ! ABSOLUTE CONTROL BY ! MAJORITY ( ALL 9DIVIDUAL CONDUCT4 ,! RI<T ( SU* CONTROL IS ALREADY ADMITT$ BY ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S1 ?\< !Y MA9TA9 ?AT1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! 9DIVIDUAL W\LD BE ALL[$ A MU* L>G] LIB]TY ?AN HE N[ 5JOYS4 ,BUT HE W\LD ONLY BE ALL[$ IT2 HE C\LD NOT CLAIM IT AS HIS [N4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO F\NDATION ( SOCIETY UPON A GU>ANTE$ EQUALITY ( ! L>GE/ POSSIBLE LIB]TY4 ,SU* LIB]TY AS MI<T EXI/ W\LD EXI/ BY SUFF]ANCE & C\LD BE TAK5 AWAY AT ANY MOM5T4 ,CON/ITUTIONAL GU>ANTEES W\LD BE ( NO AVAIL4 ,!RE W\LD BE BUT ONE >TICLE 9 ! CON/ITUTION ( A ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/IC C\NTRY3 0,! RI<T ( ! MAJORITY IS ABSOLUTE40 

,! CLAIM ( ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S1 H[EV]1 ?AT ?IS RI<T W\LD NOT BE EX]CIS$ 9 MATT]S P]TA9+ TO ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! MORE 9TIMATE & PRIVATE RELATIONS ( HIS LIFE IS NOT BORNE \T BY ! HI/ORY ( GOV]NM5TS4 ,IT HAS EV] BE5 ! T5D5CY ( P[] TO ADD TO ITSELF1 TO 5L>GE ITS SPH]E1 TO 5CROA* BEYOND ! LIMITS SET = IT2 & :]E ! HABIT ( RESI/+ SU* 5CROA*M5T IS NOT FO/]$1 & ! 9DIVIDUAL IS NOT TAU<T TO BE JEAL\S ( HIS RI<TS1 9DIVIDUALITY GRADUALLY DISAPPE>S & ! GOV]NM5T OR ,/ATE BECOMES ! ALL-9-ALL4 ,CONTROL NATURALLY ACCOMPANIES RESPONSIBILITY4 ,UND] ! SY/EM ( ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 !RE=E1 :I* HOLDS ! COMMUNITY RESPONSIBLE = ! HEAL?1 WEAL?1 & WISDOM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! COMMUNITY1 ?R\< ITS MAJORITY EXPRESSION1 WILL 9SI/ MORE & MORE 9 PRESCRIB+ ! CONDITIONS ( HEAL?1 WEAL?1 & WISDOM1 ?US IMPAIR+ & F9ALLY DE/ROY+ 9DIVIDUAL 9DEP5D5CE & ) IT ALL S5SE ( 9DIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY4 

,:ATEV]1 !N1 ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S MAY CLAIM OR DISCLAIM1 !IR SY/EM1 IF ADOPT$1 IS DOOM$ TO 5D 9 A ,/ATE RELIGION1 TO ! EXP5SE ( :I* ALL MU/ CONTRIBUTE & AT ! ALT> ( :I* ALL MU/ KNEEL2 A ,/ATE S*OOL ( M$IC9E1 BY :OSE PRACTITION]S ! SICK MU/ 9V>IABLY BE TREAT$2 A ,/ATE SY/EM ( HYGI5E1 PRESCRIB+ :AT ALL MU/ & MU/ NOT EAT1 DR9K1 WE>1 & DO2 A ,/ATE CODE ( MORALS1 :I* WILL NOT CONT5T ITSELF ) PUNI%+ CRIME1 BUT WILL PROHIBIT :AT ! MAJORITY DECIDE TO BE VICE2 A ,/ATE SY/EM ( 9/RUCTION1 :I* WILL DO AWAY ) ALL PRIVATE S*OOLS1 ACADEMIES1 & COLLEGES2 A ,/ATE NURS]Y1 9 :I* ALL *ILDR5 MU/ BE BR\<T UP 9 COMMON AT ! PUBLIC EXP5SE2 &1 F9ALLY1 A ,/ATE FAMILY1 ) AN ATTEMPT AT /IRPICULTURE1 OR SCI5TIFIC BRE$+1 9 :I* NO MAN & WOMAN WILL BE ALL[$ TO HAVE *ILDR5 IF ! ,/ATE PROHIBITS !M & NO MAN & WOMAN CAN REFUSE TO HAVE *ILDR5 IF ! ,/ATE ORD]S !M4 ,?US WILL ,AU?ORITY A*IEVE ITS ACME & ,MONOPOLY BE C>RI$ TO ITS HI<E/ P[]4 

,SU* IS ! IDEAL ( ! LOGICAL ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/1 SU* ! GOAL :I* LIES AT ! 5D ( ! ROAD ?AT ,K>L ,M>X TOOK4 ,LET US N[ FOLL[ ! =TUNES ( ,W>R5 & ,PR\DHON1 :O TOOK ! O!R ROAD1 - ! ROAD ( ,LIB]TY4 

,?IS BR+S US TO ,AN>*ISM1 :I* MAY BE DESCRIB$ AS ! DOCTR9E ?AT ALL ! AFFAIRS ( M5 %\LD BE MANAG$ BY 9DIVIDUALS OR VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS1 & ?AT ! ,/ATE %\LD BE ABOLI%$4 

,:5 ,W>R5 & ,PR\DHON1 9 PROSECUT+ !IR SE>* = JU/ICE TO LABOR1 CAME FACE TO FACE ) ! OB/ACLE ( CLASS MONOPOLIES1 !Y SAW ?AT !SE MONOPOLIES RE/$ UPON ,AU?ORITY1 & CONCLUD$ ?AT ! ?+ TO BE DONE WAS1 NOT TO /R5G!N ?IS ,AU?ORITY & ?US MAKE MONOPOLY UNIV]SAL1 BUT TO UTT]LY UPROOT ,AU?ORITY & GIVE FULL SWAY TO ! OPPOSITE PR9CIPLE1 ,LIB]TY1 BY MAK+ COMPETITION1 ! ANTI!SIS ( MONOPOLY1 UNIV]SAL4 ,!Y SAW 9 COMPETITION ! GREAT LEVEL] ( PRICES TO ! LABOR CO/ ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 ?IS !Y AGRE$ ) ! POLITICAL ECONOMI/S4 ,!Y QU]Y !N NATURALLY PRES5T$ ITSELF :Y ALL PRICES DO NOT FALL TO LABOR CO/2 :]E !RE IS ANY ROOM = 9COMES ACQUIR$ O!RWISE ?AN BY LABOR2 9 A WORD1 :Y ! USUR]1 ! RECEIV] ( 9T]E/1 R5T1 & PR(IT1 EXI/S4 ,! ANSW] WAS F\ND 9 ! PRES5T ONE-SID$NESS ( COMPETITION4 ,IT WAS DISCOV]$ ?AT CAPITAL HAD SO MANIPULAT$ LEGISLATION ?AT UNLIMIT$ COMPETITION IS ALL[$ 9 SUPPLY+ PRODUCTIVE LABOR1 ?US KEEP+ WAGES D[N TO ! />VATION PO9T1 OR AS NE> IT AS PRACTICABLE2 ?AT A GREAT DEAL ( COMPETITION IS ALL[$ 9 SUPPLY+ DI/RIBUTIVE LABOR1 OR ! LABOR ( ! M]CANTILE CLASSES1 ?US KEEP+1 NOT ! PRICES ( GOODS1 BUT ! M]*ANTS' ACTUAL PR(ITS ON !M D[N TO A PO9T SOME:AT APPROXIMAT+ EQUITABLE WAGES = ! M]*ANTS' WORK2 BUT ?AT ALMO/ NO COMPETITION AT ALL IS ALL[$ 9 SUPPLY+ CAPITAL1 UPON ! AID ( :I* BO? PRODUCTIVE & DI/RIBUTIVE LABOR >E DEP5D5T = !IR P[] ( A*IEVEM5T1 ?US KEEP+ ! RATE ( 9T]E/ ON MONEY & ( H\SE-R5T & GR\ND-R5T AT AS HI< A PO9T AS ! NECESSITIES ( ! PEOPLE WILL BE>4 

,ON DISCOV]+ ?IS1 ,W>R5 & ,PR\DHON *>G$ ! POLITICAL ECONOMI/S ) BE+ AFRAID ( !IR [N DOCTR9E4 ,! ,MAN*E/] M5 W]E ACCUS$ ( BE+ 9CONSI/5T4 ,! BELIEV$ 9 LIB]TY TO COMPETE ) ! LABOR] 9 ORD] TO R$UCE HIS WAGES1 BUT NOT 9 LIB]TY TO COMPETE ) ! CAPITALI/ 9 ORD] TO R$UCE HIS USURY4 ,LAISSEZ ,FAIRE WAS V]Y GOOD SAUCE = ! GOOSE1 LABOR1 BUT WAS V]Y POOR SAUCE = ! G&]1 CAPITAL4 ,BUT H[ TO CORRECT ?IS 9CONSI/5CY1 H[ TO S]VE ?IS G&] ) ?IS SAUCE1 H[ TO PUT CAPITAL AT ! S]VICE ( BUS9ESS M5 & LABOR]S AT CO/1 OR FREE ( USURY1 - ?AT WAS ! PROBLEM4 

,M>X1 AS WE HAVE SE51 SOLV$ IT BY DECL>+ CAPITAL TO BE A DIFF]5T ?+ FROM PRODUCT1 & MA9TA9+ ?AT IT BELONG$ TO SOCIETY & %\LD BE SEIZ$ BY SOCIETY & EMPLOY$ = ! B5EFIT ( ALL ALIKE4 ,PR\DHON SC(F$ AT ?IS DI/9CTION BETWE5 CAPITAL & PRODUCT4 ,HE MA9TA9$ ?AT CAPITAL & PRODUCT >E NOT DIFF]5T K9DS ( WEAL?1 BUT SIMPLY ALT]NATE CONDITIONS OR FUNCTIONS ( ! SAME WEAL?2 ?AT ALL WEAL? UND]GOES AN 9CESSANT TRANS=MATION FROM CAPITAL 9TO PRODUCT & FROM PRODUCT BACK 9TO CAPITAL1 ! PROCESS REPEAT+ ITSELF 9T]M9ABLY2 ?AT CAPITAL & PRODUCT >E PURELY SOCIAL T]MS2 ?AT :AT IS PRODUCT TO ONE MAN IMM$IATELY BECOMES CAPITAL TO ANO!R1 & VICE V]SA2 ?AT IF !RE W]E BUT ONE P]SON 9 ! WORLD1 ALL WEAL? W\LD BE TO HIM AT ONCE CAPITAL & PRODUCT2 ?AT ! FRUIT ( ,A'S TOIL IS HIS PRODUCT1 :I*1 :5 SOLD TO ,B1 BECOMES ,B'S CAPITAL 7UNLESS ,B IS AN UNPRODUCTIVE CONSUM]1 9 :I* CASE IT IS M]ELY WA/$ WEAL?1 \TSIDE ! VIEW ( SOCIAL ECONOMY72 ?AT A /EAM-5G9E IS JU/ AS MU* PRODUCT AS A COAT1 & ?AT A COAT IS JU/ AS MU* CAPITAL AS A /EAM-5G9E2 & ?AT ! SAME LAWS ( EQUITY GOV]N ! POSSESSION ( ! ONE ?AT GOV]N ! POSSESSION ( ! O!R4 

,= !SE & O!R REASONS ,PR\DHON & ,W>R5 F\ND !MSELVES UNABLE TO SANCTION ANY SU* PLAN AS ! SEIZURE ( CAPITAL BY SOCIETY4 ,BUT1 ?\< OPPOS$ TO SOCIALIZ+ ! [N]%IP ( CAPITAL1 !Y AIM$ NEV]!LESS TO SOCIALIZE ITS EFFECTS BY MAK+ ITS USE B5EFICIAL TO ALL 9/EAD ( A MEANS ( IMPOV]I%+ ! MANY TO 5RI* ! FEW4 ,& :5 ! LI<T BUR/ 9 UPON !M1 !Y SAW ?AT ?IS C\LD BE DONE BY SUBJECT+ CAPITAL TO ! NATURAL LAW ( COMPETITION1 ?US BR++ ! PRICE ( ITS [N USE D[N TO CO/1 - ?AT IS1 TO NO?+ BEYOND ! EXP5SES 9CID5TAL TO H&L+ & TRANSF]R+ IT4 ,SO !Y RAIS$ ! BANN] ( ,ABSOLUTE ,FREE ,TRADE2 FREE TRADE AT HOME1 AS WELL AS ) =EIGN C\NTRIES2 ! LOGICAL C>RY+ \T ( ! ,MAN*E/] DOCTR9E2 LAISSEZ FAIRE ! UNIV]SAL RULE4 ,UND] ?IS BANN] !Y BEGAN !IR FI<T UPON MONOPOLIES1 :E!R ! ALL-9CLUSIVE MONOPOLY ( ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S1 OR ! V>I\S CLASS MONOPOLIES ?AT N[ PREVAIL4 

,( ! LATT] !Y DI/+UI%$ F\R ( PR9CIPAL IMPORTANCE3 ! MONEY MONOPOLY1 ! L& MONOPOLY1 ! T>IFF MONOPOLY1 & ! PAT5T MONOPOLY4 

,FIR/ 9 ! IMPORTANCE ( ITS EVIL 9FLU5CE !Y CONSID]$ ! MONEY MONOPOLY1 :I* CONSI/S ( ! PRIVILEGE GIV5 BY ! GOV]NM5T TO C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS1 OR TO 9DIVIDUALS HOLD+ C]TA9 K9DS ( PROP]TY1 ( ISSU+ ! CIRCULAT+ M$IUM1 A PRIVILEGE :I* IS N[ 5=C$ 9 ?IS C\NTRY BY A NATIONAL TAX ( T5 P] C5T41 UPON ALL O!R P]SONS :O ATTEMPT TO FURNI% A CIRCULAT+ M$IUM1 & BY ,/ATE LAWS MAK+ IT A CRIM9AL (F5SE TO ISSUE NOTES AS CURR5CY4 ,IT IS CLAIM$ ?AT ! HOLD]S ( ?IS PRIVILEGE CONTROL ! RATE ( 9T]E/1 ! RATE ( R5T ( H\SES & BUILD+S1 & ! PRICES ( GOODS1 - ! FIR/ DIRECTLY1 & ! SECOND & ?IRD 9DIRECTLY4 ,=1 SAY ,PR\DHON & ,W>R51 IF ! BUS9ESS ( BANK+ W]E MADE FREE TO ALL1 MORE & MORE P]SONS W\LD 5T] 9TO IT UNTIL ! COMPETITION %\LD BECOME %>P 5\< TO R$UCE ! PRICE ( L5D+ MONEY TO ! LABOR CO/1 :I* /ATI/ICS %[ TO BE LESS ?AN ?REE-F\R?S ( ONCE P] C5T4 ,9 ?AT CASE ! ?\S&S ( PEOPLE :O >E N[ DET]R$ FROM GO+ 9TO BUS9ESS BY ! RU9\SLY HI< RATES :I* !Y MU/ PAY = CAPITAL ) :I* TO />T & C>RY ON BUS9ESS WILL F9D !IR DIFFICULTIES REMOV$4 ,IF !Y HAVE PROP]TY :I* !Y DO NOT DESIRE TO CONV]T 9TO MONEY BY SALE1 A BANK WILL TAKE IT AS COLLAT]AL = A LOAN ( A C]TA9 PROPORTION ( ITS M>KET VALUE AT LESS ?AN ONE P] C5T4 DISC\NT4 ,IF !Y HAVE NO PROP]TY1 BUT >E 9DU/RI\S1 HONE/1 & CAPABLE1 !Y WILL G5]ALLY BE ABLE TO GET !IR 9DIVIDUAL NOTES 5DORS$ BY A SUFFICI5T NUMB] ( KN[N & SOLV5T P>TIES2 & ON SU* BUS9ESS PAP] !Y WILL BE ABLE TO GET A LOAN AT A BANK ON SIMIL>LY FAVORABLE T]MS4 ,?US 9T]E/ WILL FALL AT A BL[4 ,! BANKS WILL REALLY NOT BE L5D+ CAPITAL AT ALL1 BUT WILL BE DO+ BUS9ESS ON ! CAPITAL ( !IR CU/OM]S1 ! BUS9ESS CONSI/+ 9 AN EX*ANGE ( ! KN[N & WIDELY AVAILABLE CR$ITS ( ! BANKS = ! UNKN[N & UNAVAILABLE1 BUT EQUALITY GOOD1 CR$ITS ( ! CU/OM]S & A *>GE !RE= ( LESS ?AN ONE P] C5T41 NOT AS 9T]E/ = ! USE ( CAPITAL1 BUT AS PAY = ! LABOR ( RUNN+ ! BANKS4 ,?IS FACILITY ( ACQUIR+ CAPITAL WILL GIVE AN UNHE>D ( IMPETUS TO BUS9ESS1 & CONSEQU5TLY CREATE AN UNPREC$5T$ DEM& = LABOR1 - A DEM& :I* WILL ALWAYS BE 9 EXCESS ( ! SUPPLY1 DIRECTLY TO ! CONTR>Y ( ! PRES5T CONDITION ( ! LABOR M>KET4 ,!N WILL BE SE5 AN EXEMPLIFICATION ( ! WORDS ( ,RI*>D ,COBD5 ?AT1 :5 TWO LABOR]S >E AFT] ONE EMPLOY]1 WAGES FALL1 BUT :5 TWO EMPLOY]S >E AFT] ONE LABOR]1 WAGES RISE4 ,LABOR WILL !N BE 9 A POSITION TO DICTATE ITS WAGES1 & WILL ?US SECURE ITS NATURAL WAGE1 ITS 5TIRE PRODUCT4 ,?US ! SAME BL[ ?AT /RIKES 9T]E/ D[N WILL S5D WAGES UP4 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT ALL4 ,D[N WILL GO PR(ITS ALSO4 ,= M]*ANTS1 9/EAD ( BUY+ AT HI< PRICES ON CR$IT1 WILL BORR[ MONEY ( ! BANKS AT LESS ?AN ONE P] C5T41 BUY AT L[ PRICES = CA%1 & CORRESPOND+LY R$UCE ! PRICES ( !IR GOODS TO !IR CU/OM]S4 ,& ) ! RE/ WILL GO H\SE-R5T4 ,= NO ONE :O CAN BORR[ CAPITAL AT ONE P] C5T4 ) :I* TO BUILD A H\SE ( HIS [N WILL CONS5T TO PAY R5T TO A L&LORD AT A HI<] RATE ?AN ?AT4 ,SU* IS ! VA/ CLAIM MADE BY ,PR\DHON & ,W>R5 AS TO ! RESULTS ( ! SIMPLE ABOLITION ( ! MONEY MONOPOLY4 

,SECOND 9 IMPORTANCE COMES ! L& MONOPOLY1 ! EVIL EFFECTS ( :I* >E SE5 PR9CIPALLY 9 EXCLUSIVELY AGRICULTURAL C\NTRIES1 LIKE ,IREL&4 ,?IS MONOPOLY CONSI/S 9 ! 5=CEM5T BY GOV]NM5T ( L& TITLES :I* DO NOT RE/ UPON P]SONAL OCCUPANCY & CULTIVATION4 ,IT WAS OBVI\S TO ,W>R5 & ,PR\DHON ?AT1 AS SOON AS 9DIVIDUALI/S %\LD NO LONG] BE PROTECT$ BY !IR FELL[S 9 ANY?+ BUT P]SONAL OCCUPANCY & CULTIVATION ( L&1 GR\ND-R5T W\LD DISAPPE>1 & SO USURY HAVE ONE LESS LEG TO /& ON4 ,!IR FOLL[]S ( TODAY >E DISPOS$ TO MODIFY ?IS CLAIM TO ! EXT5T ( ADMITT+ ?AT ! V]Y SMALL FRACTION ( GR\ND-R5T :I* RE/S1 NOT ON MONOPOLY1 BUT ON SUP]IORITY ( SOIL OR SITE1 WILL CONT9UE TO EXI/ = A TIME & P]HAPS =EV]1 ?\< T5D+ CON/ANTLY TO A M9IMUM UND] CONDITIONS ( FRE$OM4 ,BUT ! 9EQUALITY ( SOILS :I* GIVES RISE TO ! ECONOMIC R5T ( L&1 LIKE ! 9EQUALITY ( HUMAN SKILL :I* GIVES RISE TO ! ECONOMIC R5T ( ABILITY1 IS NOT A CAUSE = S]I\S AL>M EV5 TO ! MO/ ?OR\< OPPON5T ( USURY1 AS ITS NATURE IS NOT ?AT ( A G]M FROM :I* O!R & GRAV] 9EQUALITIES MAY SPR+1 BUT RA!R ?AT ( A DECAY+ BRAN* :I* MAY F9ALLY WI!R & FALL4 

,?IRD1 ! T>IFF MONOPOLY1 :I* CONSI/S 9 FO/]+ PRODUCTION AT HI< PRICES & UND] UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS BY VISIT+ ) ! P5ALTY ( TAXATION ?OSE :O PATRONIZE PRODUCTION AT L[ PRICES & UND] FAVORABLE CONDITIONS4 ,! EVIL TO :I* ?IS MONOPOLY GIVES RISE MI<T MORE PROP]LY BE CALL$ MISUSURY ?AN USURY1 BECAUSE IT COMPELS LABOR TO PAY1 NOT EXACTLY = ! USE ( CAPITAL1 BUT RA!R = ! MISUSE ( CAPITAL4 ,! ABOLITION ( ?IS MONOPOLY W\LD RESULT 9 A GREAT R$UCTION 9 ! PRICES ( ALL >TICLES TAX$1 & ?IS SAV+ TO ! LABOR]S :O CONSUME !SE >TICLES W\LD BE ANO!R /EP T[>D SECUR+ TO ! LABOR] HIS NATURAL WAGE1 HIS 5TIRE PRODUCT4 ,PR\DHON ADMITT$1 H[EV]1 ?AT TO ABOLI% ?IS MONOPOLY BE=E ABOLI%+ ! MONEY MONOPOLY W\LD BE A CRUEL & DISA/R\S POLICY1 FIR/1 BECAUSE ! EVIL ( SC>CITY ( MONEY1 CREAT$ BY ! MONEY MONOPOLY1 W\LD BE 9T5SIFI$ BY ! FL[ ( MONEY \T ( ! C\NTRY :I* W\LD BE 9VOLV$ 9 AN EXCESS ( IMPORTS OV] EXPORTS1 &1 SECOND1 BECAUSE ?AT FRACTION ( ! LABOR]S ( ! C\NTRY :I* IS N[ EMPLOY$ 9 ! PROTECT$ 9DU/RIES W\LD BE TURN$ ADRIFT TO FACE />VATION )\T ! B5EFIT ( ! 9SATIABLE DEM& = LABOR :I* A COMPETITIVE MONEY SY/EM W\LD CREATE4 ,FREE TRADE 9 MONEY AT HOME1 MAK+ MONEY & WORK ABUNDANT1 WAS 9SI/$ UPON BY ,PR\DHON AS A PRIOR CONDITION ( FREE TRADE 9 GOODS ) =EIGN C\NTRIES4 

,F\R?1 ! PAT5T MONOPOLY1 :I* CONSI/S 9 PROTECT+ 9V5TORS & AU?ORS AGA9/ COMPETITION = A P]IOD LONG 5\< TO 5ABLE !M TO EXTORT FROM ! PEOPLE A REW>D 5ORM\SLY 9 EXCESS ( ! LABOR MEASURE ( !IR S]VICES1 - 9 O!R WORDS1 9 GIV+ C]TA9 PEOPLE A RI<T ( PROP]TY = A T]M ( YE>S 9 LAWS & FACTS ( ,NATURE1 & ! P[] TO EXACT TRIBUTE FROM O!RS = ! USE ( ?IS NATURAL WEAL?1 :I* %\LD BE OP5 TO ALL4 ,! ABOLITION ( ?IS MONOPOLY W\LD FILL ITS B5EFICI>IES ) A :OLESOME FE> ( COMPETITION :I* W\LD CAUSE !M TO BE SATISFI$ ) PAY = !IR S]VICES EQUAL TO ?AT :I* O!R LABOR]S GET = !IRS1 & TO SECURE IT BY PLAC+ !IR PRODUCTS & WORKS ON ! M>KET AT ! \TSET AT PRICES SO L[ ?AT !IR L9ES ( BUS9ESS W\LD BE NO MORE TEMPT+ TO COMPETITORS ?AN ANY O!R L9ES4 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ECONOMIC PROGRAM :I* CONSI/S 9 ! DE/RUCTION ( !SE MONOPOLIES & ! SUB/ITUTION = !M ( ! FREE/ COMPETITION L$ ITS AU?ORS TO A P]CEPTION ( ! FACT ?AT ALL !IR ?\<T RE/$ UPON A V]Y FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE1 ! FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 HIS RI<T ( SOV]EIGNTY OV] HIMSELF1 HIS PRODUCTS1 & HIS AFFAIRS1 & ( REBELLION AGA9/ ! DICTATION ( EXT]NAL AU?ORITY4 ,JU/ AS ! IDEA ( TAK+ CAPITAL AWAY FROM 9DIVIDUALS & GIV+ IT TO ! GOV]NM5T />T$ ,M>X 9 A PA? :I* 5DS 9 MAK+ ! GOV]NM5T EV]Y?+ & ! 9DIVIDUAL NO?+1 SO ! IDEA ( TAK+ CAPITAL AWAY FROM GOV]NM5T-PROTECT$ MONOPOLIES & PUTT+ IT )9 EASY REA* ( ALL 9DIVIDUALS />T$ ,W>R5 & ,PR\DHON 9 A PA? :I* 5DS 9 MAK+ ! 9DIVIDUAL EV]Y?+ & ! GOV]NM5T NO?+4 ,IF ! 9DIVIDUAL HAS A RI<T TO GOV]N HIMSELF1 ALL EXT]NAL GOV]NM5T IS TYRANNY4 ,H5CE ! NECESSITY ( ABOLI%+ ! ,/ATE4 ,?IS WAS ! LOGICAL CONCLUSION TO :I* ,W>R5 & ,PR\DHON W]E =C$1 & IT BECAME ! FUNDAM5TAL >TICLE ( !IR POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY4 ,IT IS ! DOCTR9E :I* ,PR\DHON NAM$ ,AN->*ISM1 A WORD D]IV$ FROM ! ,GREEK1 & MEAN+1 NOT NECESS>ILY ABS5CE ( ORD]1 AS IS G5]ALLY SUPPOS$1 BUT AN ABS5CE ( RULE4 ,! ,AN>*I/S >E SIMPLY UNT]RIFI$ ,JEFF]SONIAN ,DEMOCRATS4 ,!Y BELIEVE ?AT 0! BE/ GOV]NM5T IS ?AT :I* GOV]NS LEA/10 & ?AT ?AT :I* GOV]NS LEA/ IS NO GOV]NM5T AT ALL4 ,EV5 ! SIMPLE POLICE FUNCTION ( PROTECT+ P]SON & PROP]TY !Y D5Y TO GOV]NM5TS SUPPORT$ BY COMPULSORY TAXATION4 ,PROTECTION !Y LOOK UPON AS A ?+ TO BE SECUR$1 AS LONG AS IT IS NECESS>Y1 BY VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION & COOP]ATION = SELF-DEF5SE1 OR AS A COMMODITY TO BE PUR*AS$1 LIKE ANY O!R COMMODITY1 ( ?OSE :O (F] ! BE/ >TICLE AT ! L[E/ PRICE4 ,9 !IR VIEW IT IS 9 ITSELF AN 9VASION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL TO COMPEL HIM TO PAY = OR SUFF] A PROTECTION AGA9/ 9VASION ?AT HE HAS NOT ASK$ = & DOES NOT DESIRE4 ,& !Y FUR!R CLAIM ?AT PROTECTION WILL BECOME A DRUG 9 ! M>KET1 AFT] POV]TY & CONSEQU5TLY CRIME HAVE DISAPPE>$ ?R\< ! REALIZATION ( !IR ECONOMIC PROGRAM4 ,COMPULSORY TAXATION IS TO !M ! LIFE-PR9CIPLE ( ALL ! MONOPOLIES1 & PASSIVE1 BUT ORGANIZ$1 RESI/ANCE TO ! TAX-COLLECTOR !Y CONTEMPLATE1 :5 ! PROP] TIME COMES1 AS ONE ( ! MO/ EFFECTIVE ME?ODS ( ACCOMPLI%+ !IR PURPOSES4 

,!IR ATTITUDE ON ?IS IS A KEY TO !IR ATTITUDE ON ALL O!R QUE/IONS ( A POLITICAL OR SOCIAL NATURE4 ,9 RELIGION !Y >E A!I/IC AS F> AS !IR [N OP9IONS >E CONC]N$1 = !Y LOOK UPON DIV9E AU?ORITY & ! RELIGI\S SANCTION ( MORALITY AS ! *IEF PRETEXTS PUT =W>D BY ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES = ! EX]CISE ( HUMAN AU?ORITY4 0,IF ,GOD EXI/S10 SAID ,PR\DHON1 0HE IS MAN'S 5EMY40 ,& 9 CONTRA/ TO ,VOLTAIRE'S FAM\S EPIGRAM1 0,IF ,GOD DID NOT EXI/1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO 9V5T HIM10 ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN ,NIHILI/1 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN91 PLAC$ ?IS ANTI!TICAL PROPOSITION3 0,IF ,GOD EXI/$1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO ABOLI% HIM40 ,BUT AL?\<1 VIEW+ ! DIV9E HI]>*Y AS A CONTRADICTION ( ,AN>*Y1 !Y DO NOT BELIEVE 9 IT1 ! ,AN>*I/S NONE ! LESS FIRMLY BELIEVE 9 ! LIB]TY TO BELIEVE 9 IT4 ,ANY D5IAL ( RELIGI\S FRE$OM !Y SQU>ELY OPPOSE4 

,UPHOLD+ ?US ! RI<T ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL TO BE OR SELECT HIS [N PRIE/1 !Y LIKEWISE UPHOLD HIS RI<T TO BE OR SELECT HIS [N DOCTOR4 ,NO MONOPOLY 9 !OLOGY1 NO MONOPOLY 9 M$IC9E4 ,COMPETITION EV]Y:]E & ALWAYS2 SPIRITUAL ADVICE & M$ICAL ADVICE ALIKE TO /& OR FALL ON !IR [N M]ITS4 ,& NOT ONLY 9 M$IC9E1 BUT 9 HYGI5E1 MU/ ?IS PR9CIPLE ( LIB]TY BE FOLL[$4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL MAY DECIDE = HIMSELF NOT ONLY :AT TO DO TO GET WELL1 BUT :AT TO DO TO KEEP WELL4 ,NO EXT]NAL P[] MU/ DICTATE TO HIM :AT HE MU/ & MU/ NOT EAT1 DR9K1 WE>1 OR DO4 

,NOR DOES ! ,AN>*I/IC S*EME FURNI% ANY CODE ( MORALS TO BE IMPOS$ UPON ! 9DIVIDUAL4 0,M9D Y\R [N BUS9ESS0 IS ITS ONLY MORAL LAW4 ,9T]F]5CE ) ANO!R'S BUS9ESS IS A CRIME & ! ONLY CRIME1 & AS SU* MAY PROP]LY BE RESI/$4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) ?IS VIEW ! ,AN>*I/S LOOK UPON ATTEMPTS TO >BITR>ILY SUPPRESS VICE AS 9 !MSELVES CRIMES4 ,!Y BELIEVE LIB]TY & ! RESULTANT SOCIAL WELL-BE+ TO BE A SURE CURE = ALL ! VICES4 ,BUT !Y RECOGNIZE ! RI<T ( ! DRUNK>D1 ! GAMBL]1 ! RAKE1 & ! H>LOT TO LIVE !IR LIVES UNTIL !Y %ALL FREELY *OOSE TO AB&ON !M4 

,9 ! MATT] ( ! MA9T5ANCE & RE>+ ( *ILDR5 ! ,AN>*I/S W\LD NEI!R 9/ITUTE ! COMMUNI/IC NURS]Y :I* ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S FAVOR NOR KEEP ! COMMUNI/IC S*OOL SY/EM :I* N[ PREVAILS4 ,! NURSE & ! TEA*]1 LIKE ! DOCTOR & ! PREA*]1 MU/ BE SELECT$ VOLUNT>ILY1 & !IR S]VICES MU/ BE PAID = BY ?OSE :O PATRONIZE !M4 ,P>5TAL RI<TS MU/ NOT BE TAK5 AWAY1 & P>5TAL RESPONSIBILITIES MU/ NOT BE FOI/$ UPON O!RS4 

,EV5 9 SO DELICATE A MATT] AS ?AT ( ! RELATIONS ( ! SEXES ! ,AN>*I/S DO NOT %R9K FROM ! APPLICATION ( !IR PR9CIPLE4 ,!Y ACKN[L$GE & DEF5D ! RI<T ( ANY MAN & WOMAN1 OR ANY M5 & WOM51 TO LOVE EA* O!R = AS LONG OR AS %ORT A TIME AS !Y CAN1 WILL1 OR MAY4 ,TO !M LEGAL M>RIAGE & LEGAL DIVORCE >E EQUAL ABSURDITIES4 ,!Y LOOK =W>D TO A TIME :5 EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 :E!R MAN OR WOMAN1 %ALL BE SELF-SUPPORT+1 & :5 EA* %ALL HAVE AN 9DEP5D5T HOME ( HIS OR H] [N1 :E!R IT BE A SEP>ATE H\SE OR ROOMS 9 A H\SE ) O!RS2 :5 ! LOVE RELATIONS BETWE5 !SE 9DEP5D5T 9DIVIDUALS %ALL BE AS V>I$ AS >E 9DIVIDUAL 9CL9ATIONS & ATTRACTIONS2 & :5 ! *ILDR5 BORN ( !SE RELATIONS %ALL BELONG EXCLUSIVELY TO ! MO!RS UNTIL OLD 5\< TO BELONG TO !MSELVES4 

,SU* >E ! MA9 FEATURES ( ! ,AN>*I/IC SOCIAL IDEAL4 ,!RE IS WIDE DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION AMONG ?OSE :O HOLD IT AS TO ! BE/ ME?OD ( OBTA9+ IT4 ,TIME =BIDS ! TREATM5T ( ?AT PHASE ( ! SUBJECT H]E4 ,I WILL SIMPLY CALL ATT5TION TO ! FACT ?AT IT IS AN IDEAL UTT]LY 9CONSI/5T ) ?AT ( ?OSE ,COMMUNI/S :O FALSELY CALL !MSELVES ,AN>*I/S :ILE AT ! SAME TIME ADVOCAT+ A REGIME ( ,>*ISM FULLY AS DESPOTIC AS ?AT ( ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S !MSELVES4 ,& IT IS AN IDEAL ?AT CAN BE AS LITTLE ADVANC$ BY ,PR9CE ,KROPOTK9 AS RET>D$ BY ! BROOMS ( ?OSE ,MRS4 ,P>T+TONS ( ! B5* :O S5T5CE !M TO PRISON2 AN IDEAL :I* ! M>TYRS ( ,*ICAGO DID F> MORE TO HELP BY !IR GLORI\S DEA? UPON ! GALL[S = ! COMMON CAUSE ( ,SOCIALISM ?AN BY !IR UN=TUNATE ADVOCACY DUR+ !IR LIVES1 9 ! NAME ( ,AN>*ISM1 ( =CE AS A REVOLUTION>Y AG5T & AU?ORITY AS A SAFEGU>D ( ! NEW SOCIAL ORD]4 ,! ,AN>*I/S BELIEVE 9 LIB]TY BO? AS AN 5D & MEANS1 & >E HO/ILE TO ANY?+ ?AT ANTAGONIZES IT4 

,I %\LD NOT UND]TAKE TO SUMM>IZE ?IS ALTOGE!R TOO SUMM>Y EXPOSITION ( ,SOCIALISM FROM ! /&PO9T ( ,AN>*ISM1 DID ,I NOT F9D ! TASK ALREADY ACCOMPLI%$ = ME BY A BRILLIANT ,FR5* J\RNALI/ & HI/ORIAN1 ,]NE/ ,LESIGNE1 9 ! =M ( A S]IES ( CRISP ANTI!SIS2 BY READ+ :I* TO Y\ AS A CONCLUSION ( ?IS LECTURE ,I HOPE TO DEEP5 ! IMPRESSION :I* IT HAS BE5 MY 5DEAVOR TO MAKE4 

,!RE >E TWO ,SOCIALISMS 

,!RE >E TWO ,SOCIALISMS4 

,ONE IS COMMUNI/IC1 ! O!R SOLID>IT>IAN4 

,ONE IS DICTATORIAL1 ! O!R LIB]T>IAN4 

,ONE IS METAPHYSICAL1 ! O!R POSITIVE4 

,ONE IS DOGMATIC1 ! O!R SCI5TIFIC4 

,ONE IS EMOTIONAL1 ! O!R REFLECTIVE4 

,ONE IS DE/RUCTIVE1 ! O!R CON/RUCTIVE4 

,BO? >E 9 PURSUIT ( ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE WELF>E = ALL4 

,ONE AIMS TO E/ABLI% HAPP9ESS = ALL1 ! O!R TO 5ABLE EA* TO BE HAPPY 9 HIS [N WAY4 

,! FIR/ REG>DS ! ,/ATE AS A SOCIETY SUI G5]IS1 ( AN ESPECIAL ESS5CE1 ! PRODUCT ( A SORT ( DIV9E RI<T \TSIDE ( & ABOVE ALL SOCIETY1 ) SPECIAL RI<TS & ABLE TO EXACT SPECIAL OB$I5CES2 ! SECOND CONSID]S ! ,/ATE AS AN ASSOCIATION LIKE ANY O!R1 G5]ALLY MANAG$ WORSE ?AN O!RS4 

,! FIR/ PROCLAIMS ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! ,/ATE1 ! SECOND RECOGNIZES NO SORT ( SOV]EIGN4 

,ONE WI%ES ALL MONOPOLIES TO BE HELD BY ! ,/ATE2 ! O!R WI%ES ! ABOLITION ( ALL MONOPOLIES4 

,ONE WI%ES ! GOV]N$ CLASS TO BECOME ! GOV]N+ CLASS2 ! O!R WI%ES ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( CLASSES4 

,BO? DECL>E ?AT ! EXI/+ /ATE ( ?+S CANNOT LA/4 

,! FIR/ CONSID]S REVOLUTIONS AS ! 9DISP5SABLE AG5T ( EVOLUTIONS2 ! SECOND TEA*ES ?AT REPRESSION ALONE TURNS EVOLUTIONS 9TO REVOLUTION4 

,! FIR/ HAS FAI? 9 A CATACLYSM4 

,! SECOND KN[S ?AT SOCIAL PROGRESS WILL RESULT FROM ! FREE PLAY ( 9DIVIDUAL EF=TS4 

,BO? UND]/& ?AT WE >E 5T]+ UPON A NEW HI/ORIC PHASE4 

,ONE WI%ES ?AT !RE %\LD BE NONE BUT PROLETAIRES4 

,! O!R WI%ES ?AT !RE %\LD BE NO MORE PROLETAIRES4 

,! FIR/ WI%ES TO TAKE EV]Y?+ AWAY FROM EV]YBODY4 

,! SECOND WI%ES TO LEAVE EA* 9 POSSESSION ( ITS [N4 

,! ONE WI%ES TO EXPROPRIATE EV]YBODY4 

,! O!R WI%ES EV]YBODY TO BE A PROPRIETOR4 

,! FIR/ SAYS3 ',DO AS ! GOV]NM5T WI%ES4' 

,! SECOND SAYS3 ',DO AS Y\ WI% Y\RSELF4' 

,! =M] ?REAT5S ) DESPOTISM4 

,! LATT] PROMISES LIB]TY4 

,! =M] MAKES ! CITIZ5 ! SUBJECT ( ! ,/ATE4 

,! LATT] MAKES ! ,/ATE ! EMPLOYEE ( ! CITIZ54 

,ONE PROCLAIMS ?AT LABOR PA9S WILL BE NECESS>Y TO ! BIR? ( A NEW WORLD4 

,! O!R DECL>ES ?AT REAL PROGRESS WILL NOT CAUSE SUFF]+ TO ANY ONE4 

,! FIR/ HAS CONFID5CE 9 SOCIAL W>4 

,! O!R BELIEVES ONLY 9 ! WORKS ( PEACE4 

,ONE ASPIRES TO COMM&1 TO REGULATE1 TO LEGISLATE4 

,! O!R WI%ES TO ATTA9 ! M9IMUM ( COMM&1 ( REGULATION1 ( LEGISLATION4 

,ONE W\LD BE FOLL[$ BY ! MO/ ATROCI\S ( REACTIONS4 

,! O!R OP5S UNLIMIT$ HORIZONS TO PROGRESS4 

,! FIR/ WILL FAIL2 ! O!R WILL SUCCE$4 

,BO? DESIRE EQUALITY4 

,ONE BY L[]+ HEADS ?AT >E TOO HI<4 

,! O!R BY RAIS+ HEADS ?AT >E TOO L[4 

,ONE SEES EQUALITY UND] A COMMON YOKE4 

,! O!R WILL SECURE EQUALITY 9 COMPLETE LIB]TY4 

,ONE IS 9TOL]ANT1 ! O!R TOL]ANT4 

,ONE FRI<T5S1 ! O!R REASSURES4 

,! FIR/ WI%ES TO 9/RUCT EV]YBODY4 

,! SECOND WI%ES TO 5ABLE EV]YBODY TO 9/RUCT HIMSELF4 

,! FIR/ WI%ES TO SUPPORT EV]YBODY4 

,! SECOND WI%ES TO 5ABLE EV]YBODY TO SUPPORT HIMSELF4 

,ONE SAYS3 

,! L& TO ! ,/ATE4 

,! M9E TO ! ,/ATE4 

,! TOOL TO ! ,/ATE4 

,! PRODUCT TO ! ,/ATE4 

,! O!R SAYS3 

,! L& TO ! CULTIVATOR4 

,! M9E TO ! M9]4 

,! TOOL TO ! LABOR]4 

,! PRODUCT TO ! PRODUC]4 

,!RE >E ONLY !SE TWO ,SOCIALISMS4 

,ONE IS ! 9FANCY ( ,SOCIALISM2 ! O!R IS ITS MANHOOD4 

,ONE IS ALREADY ! PA/2 ! O!R IS ! FUTURE4 

,ONE WILL GIVE PLACE TO ! O!R4 

,TODAY EA* ( US MU/ *OOSE = ! ONE OR ! O!R ( !SE TWO ,SOCIALISMS1 OR ELSE CONFESS ?AT HE IS NOT A ,SOCIALI/4 

-- ,]NE/ ,LESIGNE 

,LIB]TY #e4#a#f1 NO4 #ab 7#a ,M>* #a#h#h#h71 PP4 #b-#c1 #f4 

,PO/SCRIPT 

,=TY YE>S AGO1 :5 ! =EGO+ ESSAY WAS WRITT51 ! D5IAL ( COMPETITION HAD NOT YET EFFECT$ ! 5ORM\S CONC5TRATION ( WEAL? ?AT N[ SO GRAVELY ?REAT5S SOCIAL ORD]4 ,IT WAS NOT YET TOO LATE TO /EM ! CURR5T ( ACCUMULATION BY A REV]SAL ( ! POLICY ( MONOPOLY4 ,! ,AN>*I/IC REM$Y WAS /ILL APPLICABLE4 

,TODAY ! WAY IS NOT SO CLE>4 ,! F\R MONOPOLIES1 UNH9D]$1 HAVE MADE POSSIBLE ! MOD]N DEVELOPM5T ( ! TRU/1 & ! TRU/ IS N[ A MON/] :I* ,I FE>1 EV5 ! FREE/ BANK+1 C\LD IT BE 9/ITUT$1 W\LD BE UNABLE TO DE/ROY4 ,AS LONG AS ! ,/&>D ,OIL GR\P CONTROLL$ ONLY FIFTY MILLIONS ( DOLL>S1 ! 9/ITUTION ( FREE COMPETITION W\LD HAVE CRIPPL$ IT HOPELESSLY2 IT NE$$ ! MONEY MONOPOLY = ITS SU/5ANCE & ITS GR[?4 ,N[ ?AT IT CONTROLS1 DIRECTLY & 9DIRECTLY1 P]HAPS T5 ?\S& MILLIONS1 IT SEES 9 ! MONEY MONOPOLY A CONV5I5CE1 TO BE SURE1 BUT NO LONG] A NECESSITY4 ,IT CAN DO )\T IT4 ,W]E ALL RE/RICTIONS UPON BANK+ TO BE REMOV$1 CONC5TRAT$ CAPITAL C\LD MEET SUCCESSFULLY ! NEW SITUATION BY SETT+ ASIDE ANNUALLY = SACRIFICE A SUM ?AT W\LD REMOVE EV]Y COMPETITOR FROM ! FIELD4 

,IF ?IS BE TRUE1 !N MONOPOLY1 :I* CAN BE CONTROLL$ P]MAN5TLY ONLY = ECONOMIC =CES1 HAS PASS$ = ! MOM5T BEYOND !IR REA*1 & MU/ BE GRAPPL$ ) = A TIME SOLELY BY =CES POLITICAL OR REVOLUTION>Y4 ,UNTIL MEASURES ( =CIBLE CONFISCATION1 ?R\< ! ,/ATE OR 9 DEFIANCE ( IT1 %ALL HAVE ABOLI%$ ! CONC5TRATIONS ?AT MONOPOLY HAS CREAT$1 ! ECONOMIC SOLUTION PROPOS$ BY ,AN>*ISM & \TL9$ 9 ! =GO+ PAGES - & !RE IS NO O!R SOLUTION - WILL REMA9 A ?+ TO BE TAU<T TO ! RIS+ G5]ATION1 ?AT CONDITIONS MAY BE FAVORABLE TO ITS APPLICATION AFT] ! GREAT LEVEL+4 ,BUT $UCATION IS A SL[ PROCESS1 & MAY NOT COME TOO QUICKLY4 ,AN>*I/S :O 5DEAVOR TO HA/5 IT BY JO9+ 9 ! PROPAG&A ( ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM OR REVOLUTION MAKE A SAD MI/AKE 9DE$4 ,!Y HELP TO SO =CE ! M>* ( EV5TS ?AT ! PEOPLE WILL NOT HAVE TIME TO F9D \T1 BY ! /UDY ( !IR EXP]I5CE1 ?AT !IR TR\BLES HAVE BE5 DUE TO ! REJECTION ( COMPETITION4 ,IF ?IS LESSON %ALL NOT BE LE>N$ 9 A SEASON1 ! PA/ WILL BE REPEAT$ 9 ! FUTURE1 9 :I* CASE WE %ALL HAVE TO TURN = CONSOLATION TO ! DOCTR9E ( ,NIETZS*E ?AT ?IS IS B\ND TO HAPP5 ANYH[1 OR TO ! REFLECTION ( ,R5AN ?AT1 FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ,SIRIUS1 ALL !SE MATT]S >E ( LITTLE MOM5T4 

,B4,R4,T41 ,AUGU/ #a#a1 #a#i#b#f4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bba 3 ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM & ,AN>*ISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/