,*APT] #f ,SPANI% ,9T]LUDE ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE ,TEXT 3 ,SPANI% 9T]LUDE ,BORTICUL> ,OTTO ,SKORZ5Y1 ! ,DUKE ( ,VAL5CIA1 ,JOSE ,ANTONIO ,GIRON1 A =M] ,FRANCO M9I/] :O PROVID$ !M ) ACCOMMODATION AT HIS VILLA 9 ,FU5GIROL1 & ,M>IANO ,SAN*EZ ,COVISA1 AN 9FLU5TIAL ,MADRID BUS9ESSMAN & FA!R ( ! NOTORI\S 0,GU]RILLAS ( ,*RI/ ! ,K+10 ! ,SPANI% DEA? SQUADS4 ,SPA9 WAS TO PROVIDE NEW OPPORTUNITIES = ,/EFANO ,DELLE ,*IAIE ) HIS SPECIAL SKILLS1 HIS CONSID]ABLE 9FLU5CE OV] HIS FRI5D%IP CIRCLE & HIS SMALL >MY ( D$ICAT$ FOLL[]S 9 BO? ,ITALY & ,SPA94 ,HIS LEAD]%IP QUALITIES W]E IMM$IATELY RECOGNIZ$ BY ,SKORZ5Y1 :O TOOK HIM UND] HIS W+ AS HIS PROTEGE4 ,SKORZ5Y'S BUS9ESS OP]ATIONS ALSO PROVID$ USEFUL COV] = ! REAL LIFE'S WORK ( ,DELLE ,*IAIE1 :I* WAS N[ 5T]+ A NEW & MORE 9T]NATIONAL PHASE4 ,! ,P,A,L,A,D,9 ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N ,! SPIRIT ( 0CONTE/ATION0 :I* M>K$ ! LATE SIXTIES & E>LY SEV5TIES ?R\<\T ! WE/]N WORLD 9SPIR$ A RESURG5CE 9 ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ANTI-,FRANCOI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA94 ,! T]RORI/ CAMPAIGN 9ITIAT$ BY ! ,BASQUE SEP>ATI/ ORGANIZATION ,E,T,A WAS A P>TICUL>LY AGGRAVAT+ ?ORN 9 ! FLE% ( ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,OBSESS$ ) ! ?REAT ( COMMUNISM & 9SPIR$ BY ! IDEAS ( ,S,A,S F\ND] ,DAVID ,/IRL+1 ,SKORZ5Y HAD1 S9CE ! E>LY FIFTIES1 BE5 TOY+ ) ! IDEA ( SETT+ UP AN 09T]NATIONAL DIRECTOR%IP ( /RATEGIC ASSAULT P]SONNEL0 :OSE T]MS ( REF]5CE W\LD 5ABLE IT TO 0/RADDLE ! WAT]%$ BETWE5 ! P>AMILIT>Y OP]ATIONS C>RI$ \T BY ! TROOPS 9 UNI=M & ! POLITICAL W>F>E :I* IS CONDUCT$ BY CIVILIAN AG5TS40 7,LETT] FROM ,DAVID ,/IRL+ TO ,*>LES ,FOLEY PUBLI%$ 9 ! LATT]'S BOOK ON ,SKORZ5Y1 ,COMM&O ,EXTRAORD9>Y47 ,! POLITICAL TURBUL5CE & RAPID POL>IZATION ( WE/]N SOCIETY :I* BEGAN 9 ! MID-SIXTIES 9 ! WAKE ( ! ?IRD WORLD LIB]ATION MOVEM5TS &1 9 P>TICUL>1 ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,VIETNAM ,W>1 CONV9C$ ,SKORZ5Y ?AT ! TIME WAS RIPE TO PUT HIS IDEAS 9TO PRACTICE 7,JU/ AS ,/IRL+ WAS DO+ 9 ,BRITA9 ) HIS 0,WAT*GU>D0 ORGANIZATION ) :I* HE HOP$ TO C\NT] 0COMMUNI/-9SPIR$0 ANTI-GOV]NM5T =CES & MA9TA9 ! 0/ATUS QUO0 = ! ,WE/74.<#a.> ,) ! TIDE ( UNRE/ GR[+ 9 9T5SITY MON? BY MON? & ! 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( GU]RILLA ACTIONS AGA9/ MILIT>Y & POLITICAL PILL>S ( ! ,FRANCO REGIME1 BO? AT HOME & ABROAD1 ,SKORZ5Y WAS GIV5 A FREE H& BY ! ,SPANI% ,9T]IOR ,M9I/RY TO DEAL ) ! ?ORNY BUT DELICATE PROBLEM ( NEUTRALIZ+ ! P]CEIV$ 5EMIES ( ,FRANCOISM4 ,9 #aifh HE BEGAN RECRUIT+ =M] ,WAFF5-,S,S & ,O,A,S M5 = ?IS PURPOSE4 ,FR5* ,NAZI P>TY LEAD] ,FRANCOISE ,DIOR SIGN$ UP MANY MEMB]S ( H] ORGANIZATION :O W]E !N TAK5 TO ,SAN ,SEBA/IAN TO BE 9T]VIEW$ BY ,SKORZ5Y :O 9=M$ !M !Y W\LD BE CALL$ UPON :5 ,FRANCO DI$ IF ! ,>MY DID NOT MANAGE TO TAKE CONTROL4 ,O!R RECRUITS W]E F\ND PRIM>ILY AMONG ! RANKS ( =M] MEMB]S ( ! ,O,A,S1 ! LAT] \TLAW$ ,S]VICE D',ACTION ,CIVIQUE 7,S,A,C71 AS WELL AS ,S\? ,TYROLEAN & EXIL$ ,YUGOSLAV FASCI/S1 ANTI-,CA/RO ,CUBANS & ,PORTUGUESE EXILE FASCI/S4 ,! DAY-TO-DAY RUNN+ ( ! ,PALAD9 ORGANIZATION1 AS IT WAS NAM$1 WAS 5TRU/$ BY ,SKORZ5Y TO AN OLD COLLEAGUE FROM ! ,?IRD ,REI*1 ,DR4 ,G]H>DT ,H>MUT VON ,S*UB]T4 ,VON ,S*UB]T1 IF ?AT 9DE$ WAS HIS REAL NAME1 WAS1 LIKE MANY O!R LEAD+ FIGURES AMONG ! OLD GU>D ( ! 0,BLACK ,OR*E/RA10 AN EX-EMPLOYEE ( ,GOEBBEL'S ,PROPAG&A ,M9I/RY4 ,AFT] ! W> HE HAD BE5 SECURITY ADVIS] TO ! VICI\S ,P]ON DICTATOR%IP 9 ,>G5T9A1 !N AFT] ?AT A PR9CIPAL AG5T 9 ,SKORZ5Y'S CON/RUCTION ( ! ,GE/APO-/YLE ,EGYPTIAN SECURITY S]VICES UND] ,NEGUIB & ,NASS]4 ,! PUBLIC FACE ( ! ,PALAD9 ORGANIZATION WAS ?AT ( A LEGITIMATE SECURITY CONSULTANCY BUT ?IS WAS ONLY TO PROVIDE COV] = ITS REAL FUNCTION ( RECRUIT+ M]C5>IES & KILL]S = DICTATORS & FAIL+ COLONIALI/ REGIMES4 ,ITS COV]T ACTIVITIES 9 ,FRANCE & ,SPA9 W]E C>RI$ \T UND] A V>IETY ( CONV5I5T NAMES3 0,SPANI% ,BASQUE ,BATTALIONS10 ! 0,GU]RILLAS ( ,*RI/ ! ,K+10 ! 0,APO/OLIC ,ANTI,COMMUNI/ ,ALLIANCE10 ETC4 ,M,U,R,D,] ,( ,C,],R,A,D,A ,! >RIVAL ( ,DELLE ,*IAIE & HIS >MY ( D$ICAT$ FOLL[]S BOO/$ ! RANKS ( ,PALAD9 & M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( A BLOOD?IR/Y & RU?LESS CAMPAIGN ( MURD] & T]ROR DIRECT$ AGA9/ EXIL$ DISSID5TS & 05EMIES ( ! REGIME40 ,UND] COV] ( ! CONFUS+ V>IETY ( NAMES ?IS NE(ASCI/ SUB-/ATE AG5CY HAS ORGANIZ$ & C>RI$ \T WELL OV] A ?\S& PUNITIVE ATTACKS 9 ,SPA9 & ! ,FR5* BORD] >EA1 P>TICUL>LY >\ND ,BAYONNE1 KILL$ >\ND FIFTY PEOPLE & S]I\SLY W\ND$ MANY HUNDR$S MORE4 ,ALDO ,TISEI1 ! NE(ASCI/ 0SUP]GRASS0 :O TOOK OV] ! MILIT>Y ORGANIZATION ( ! ,DELLE ,*IAIE GR\P 9 ,ITALY FOLL[+ ITS LEAD]'S MOVE TO ,SPA91 LAT] 9=M$ 9VE/IGAT+ MAGI/RATES3 0,WE ELIM9AT$ ,E,T,A MEMB]S :O HAD FL$ TO ,FRANCE& DID SO ON BEHALF ( ! ,SPANI% SECRET S]VICES40.<#b.> ,! MURD]] ( ! ALMO/ LEG5D>Y AN>*I/ ,LAUREANO ,C]RADA ,SANTOS1 ,RAMON ,B5I*O ,CANUDA1 MAY ALSO HAVE BE5 WORK+ ) ! ,PALAD9 ORGANIZATION4 ,! FRAME-UP ( ELEV5 AN>*I/S 9 ,FRANCE FOLL[+ ! KIDNAPP+ ( ,SPANI% BANK] ,BAL?AZ> ,SU>EZ 9 ,MAY #aigd ALSO APPE>S TO HAVE 9VOLV$ AT LEA/ ONE ,PALAD9 PROVOCATEUR BY ! NAME ( ,M>T9EZ4 ,PALAD9 DID NOT WORK SOLELY = ! ,FRANCOI/ SECURITY AG5CY3 IT C>RI$ \T CONTRACTS ON BEHALF ( NUM]\S O!R SUB-FASCI/ REGIMES & AG5CIES AS WELL4 ,SUP]GRASS ,ALDO ,TISEI ELABORAT$3 0,WE HAD SOLID & HI ( CONTRADICTION1 ! ,*ILEAN ,D,9,A & ! ,SPANI% SECRET S]VICES UP TO ,FRANCO'S DEA?4 ,!Y ALSO SUPPLI$ US ) SUP]B LOGI/ICAL BACK-UP & HELP$ F9D US EFFECTIVE ASSI/ANCE 9 ! EV5T ( \R GO+ ON ! RUN4 ,OBVI\SLY !SE S]VICES WANT$ FAVORS 9 RETURN4 ,ON ,D,9,A'S BEHALF WE C>RI$ \T ! ATTACK ON ! *AIRMAN ( ! EXIL$ ,*ILEAN ,*RI/IAN ,DEMOCRATS1 ,B]N>DO ,LEI IS AN >EA P]SONALLY LOOK$ AFT] BY ,/EFANO ,DELLE ,*IAIE & IF HE W]E TO SUCCE$ 9 HIS PLANS IT W\LD SPELL A LOT ( DANG] = ! 9/ITUTIONS .4 ,= 9 ?AT CASE1 ! >M$ GR\PS ( ! F> RILIAM5T>Y RIDIA ,NAZIONALE40 ,A FEW MON?S LAT]1 ON #d ,AUGU/1 ANO!R BOMB EXPLOD$ ABO>D ! ,ROME-,MUNI* 0,ITALICUS0 EXPRESS TRA9 NE> ,BOLOGNA1 KILL+ #ab PEOPLE & 9JUR+ #d#h4 ,! DATE *OS5 = ?IS \TRAGE W\LD APPE> NOT TO HAVE BE5 R&OM4 ,ITALIAN POLICE 9VE/IGAT+ ! MURD] ( A ,GREEK /UD5T 9 ,ROME ! FOLL[+ ,FEBRU>Y UNCOV]$ EVID5CE ?AT ! 0,ITALICUS0 BOMB+ 9VOLV$ BO? ,ITALIAN & ,GREEK FASCI/S4 ,KO/AS ,PLEVRIS'S 0#d? ,AUGU/ ,MOVEM5T10 \TLAW$ AFT] ! OV]?R[ ( ! ,JUNTA 9 ,JULY #a#i#g#d1 HAD REORGANIZ$ AS A CL&E/9E T]RORI/ ORGANIZATION UND] ! NAME ( ! ,GREEK EQUIVAL5T ( ! ,ITALIAN 0,ORD9E ,NUOVO10 BO? MEAN+ 0,NEW ,ORD]40 ,TWO YE>S ( 9VE/IGATION EV5TUALLY L$ TO *>GES BE+ PREF]R$ AGA9/ ANO!R H>DL9E ELEM5T 9 ! ,DELLE ,*IAIE NETWORK ,M>IO ,TUTTI1 F\ND] ( ! PRO-,TICLE DISCLOS$ ?AT A MEMB] ( ! 0,BLACK ,DRAGONS10 POLICE (FIC] ,BRUNO ,CRESCA1 !N 9 PRISON ON *>GES ( ROBB]Y1 HAD BE5 9VOLV$ 9 ! ROCKET ATTACK ON A ,PAN ,AM]ICAN PLANE AT ,ROME'S ,FIUMIC9O AIRPORT ON #ag ,DECEMB] #aigc 9 :I* #cb PEOPLE HAD BURN$ TO DEA?4 ,! ATTACK WAS CLAIM$ BY A HI!RTO UNKN[N 0,PALE/9IAN ,PEOPLE ,ORGANIZATION40 ,LOTTA ,CONT9UA ALSO PUBLI%$ A DUTY RO/] & PHOTOGRAPH PROV+ ,CRESCA HAD BE5 ON DUTY AT ,FIUMIC9O ON ! DAY ( ! ATTACK1 AL?\< (FICIALLY ASSIGN$ TO O!R DUTIES A MON? BE=E4 ,! PAP] ALSO QUOT$ A WITNESS :O CLAIM$ TO HAVE SE5 ! T]RORI/S SLIP ?R\< A SIDE DOOR1 U%]$ BY A POLICEMAN 9 UNI=M1 !REBY EVAD+ ! SE>*ES :I* W\LD HAVE L$ TO ! DISCOV]Y ( !IR WEAPONS4 ,F9ALLY1 ,LOTTA ,CONT9UA PUBLI%$ A H&WRITT5 FACSIMILE ( A POLICE 9T]ROGATION ( ,CRESCA FOLL[+ ! DISCOV]Y ( SOME #c MILLION LIRE ON HIS P]SON4 ,AL?\< 9COMPLETE1 ,CRESCA'S ANSW]S APPE> TO 9DICATE ?AT ! MONEY HAD BE5 GIV5 TO HIM 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aigd 9 PAYM5T = WORK DONE 9 ,ROME ! PREVI\S YE>4 ,DOES ?IS REF] TO ! ,FIUMIC9O ATTACK8 ,! ,>,M,S ,F,A,C,T,O,R,Y ,9 ,! ,C,A,L,L,E ,P,E,L,A,I,O ,/EFANO ,DELLE ,*IAIE CONT9U$ TO USE ,SPA9 AS HIS BASE :ILE HE TRAVEL$ REGUL>LY BETWE5 ,MADRID & ,ROME = NE>LY SIX YE>S4 ,AFT] ! DEA? ( HIS PROTECTOR ,SKORZ5Y & ,G5]AL ,FRANCO 9 #a#i#g#e1 FOLL[+ H>D ON ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,PORTUGUESE & ,GREEK DICTATOR%IPS ! PREVI\S YE>1 IT BECAME 9CREAS+LY OBVI\S IT WAS TIME TO MOVE ON TO MORE SECURE SURR\ND+S4 ,! CRUN* CAME FOLL[+ A POLICE RAID 9 ,FEBRU>Y #aigg ON A CL&E/9E >MS FACTORY 9 ! ,CALLE ,PELAIO 9 ,MADRID1 [N$ BY ANO!R ( ,DELLE ,*IAIE'S ,SPANI% GODFA!RS3 ,M>IANO ,SAN*EZ ,COVISA1 LEAD] ( ! 0,GU]RILLAS ( ,*RI/ ! ,K+40 ,N9E ( ,DELLE ,*IAIE'S CLOSE/ ASSOCIATES AMONG ! ,ITALIAN EXIL$ NE(ASCI/S W]E >RE/$ 9 CONNECTION ) ?IS DISCOV]Y1 BUT =EW>N$ 7OR LUCKY671 BO? ,DELLE ,*IAIE & HIS FRI5D ,YVES ,GU]9-,S]AC 7:O HAD BE5 9 ,SPA9 ORGANIZ+ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 0,PORTUGUESE ,LIB]ATION ,>MY0 ON BEHALF ( ,G5]AL ,SP9OLA TO OV]?R[ ! PROGRESSIVE ,>M$ ,=CES ,MOVEM5T7 MANAG$ TO ELUDE !IR W\LD-BE CAPTORS & ONCE AGA9 DISAPPE>$ FROM VIEW4 ,AFT] ! >MS FACTORY RAID1 ! ,SPANI% ,M9I/RY ( ! ,9T]IOR ISSU$ AN 9T]E/+ /ATEM5T REG>D+ 9=MATION UNCOV]$ AS A RESULT ( ! RAID ?AT ! ,U,S-MADE ,+RAM ,M#a MA*9EGUN US$ 9 ! KILL+ 9 #aigf ( ! EXAM9+ MAGI/RATE 9VE/IGAT+ ! ,ITALICUS TRA9 BOMB+1 ,VITTORIO ,OCCORSIO1 0WAS MODIFI$ & P]FECT$ BY ! 5G9E] ,ELIODORO ,POM> 9 ! ,CALLE ,PELAIO FACTORY40 ,:AT ! /ATEM5T DID NOT SAY WAS ?AT ! MA*9EGUN HAD BE5 GIV5 TO ,/EFANO ,DELLE ,*IAIE BY AG5TS ( ! ,GU>DIA ,CIVIL 0= S]VICES R5D]$40 ,L,9,K,S ,) ,M,A,F,I,A 0,SUP]GRASS0 ,ALDO ,TISEI1 ! ORGANIZATIONAL HEAD ( ! NE(ASCI/ T]RORI/ 9FRA/RUCTURE 9 ,ITALY FOLL[+ ! FLII\S T]RORI/ GR\PS1 & ONE ( ! TWO M5 *>G$ ) ! MURD] ( ,OCCORSIO1 HAS SUBSEQU5TLY REVEAL$ ! CLOSE 9T]DEP5D5CE BETWE5 ORGANIZ$ CRIME & ! SECURITY S]VICES4 ,TISEI REVEAL$ ! REAL REASON = ! MURD] ( ,OCCORSIO3 0,OCCORSIO WAS ! FIR/ MAGI/RATE TO REALIZE ?AT BEH9D \R POLITICAL MOVEM5T1 ,ORD9E ,NUOVO1 /OOD A T]RORI/ ORGANIZATION ) L9KS TO O!R =EIGN ORGANIZATIONS ) ANTI-DEMOCRATIC OBJECTIVES40 ,IT N[ APPE>S ?AT ,OCCORSIO HAD UNCOV]$ L9KS ) ! ,MASONIC LODGE ,P#b2.<#c.> FROM !SE L9KS & FROM ?OSE ) ORGANIZ$ CRIME1 ! NE(ASCI/S D]IV$ POLITICAL PROTECTION & ALL ! SKILLS ( ! UND]WORLD NECESS>Y TO PURSUE !IR ACTIVITIES4 ,ALSO AFT] ! ,MADRID >MS FACTORY RAID1 FUR!R 9VE/IGATIONS BY ! ,SPANI% POLICE L$ TO ! DISCOV]Y ( FASCI/ LEAD] ,ELIO ,MASSAGR&E'S BANK DEPOSIT BOX :I* WAS F\ND TO CONTA9 L>GE SUMS ( =EIGN CURR5CY & ?REE GOLD B>S FROM ! #aigf #b#e-MILLION-DOLL> ,NICE BANK ROBB]Y C>RI$ \T BY ,ALB]T ,SPAGGI>I & ,ITALIAN & ,SPANI% FASCI/ T]RORI/S1 ALL CONTRACT EMPLOYES ( ! ,PALAD9 ORGANIZATION4 ,ELIO ,MASSAGR&E & ANO!R FASCI/1 ,GAETANO ,ORL&O1 MANAG$ TO ESCAPE TO ,P>AGUAY :]E1 AFT] 9T]NATIONAL PROTE/1 !Y W]E BO? >RE/$ 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#g#g1 BUT RELEAS$ AGA9 9 A MATT] ( DAYS ON ! DIRECT ORD]S ( ,PRESID5T ,/ROESSN]4 ,D,R,U,G,S ,& ,G,U,N,S ,ALDO ,TISEI HAS FUR!R ALLEG$ ?AT ! ,DELLE ,*IAIE ORGANIZATION ALSO OP]AT$ AS AN ESPIONAGE AG5CY = AN UNNAM$ ,LIBYAN DIPLOMAT :O ALSO ALLEG$LY RAN A HUGE H]O9 SMUGGL+ OP]ATION4 ,9 RETURN = MONEY & DRUGS ! NE(ASCI/S' TASK WAS TO SUPPLY ! DIPLOMAT ) SECRET 9=MATION ON WEAPONS & W>F>E SY/EMS BE+ MANUFACTUR$ & DEVELOP$ BY ! ,SEL5IA & ,CONTRAVES COMPANIES1 ! TWO LEAD+ ,ITALIAN FIRMS 9 ! SECTOR4 ,ONE ,DELLE ,*IAIE AG5T1 ,ANTONIO ,LE&RI1 WORK$ AT ,CONTRAVES BUT HE WAS MURD]$ BE=E HE C\LD BE QUE/ION$ BY POLICE4 ,! ID5TITY ( ! ,LIBYAN DIPLOMAT IS UNKN[N1 BUT ,ROME 9VE/IGAT+ MAGI/RATE ,F]D9&O ,IMPOSIMATO HAS WRITT53 0,MANY FACTS & DISCOV]IES PROVE ! CLOSE L9KS1 GO+ BACK TO ! E>LY SEV5TIES1 BETWE5 ! ,LIBYAN GOV]NM5T & LEAD+ EXPON5TS ( FASCI/ SUBV]SION OP]AT+ 9 ,ITALY40 ,IT IS NO ACCID5T ?AT ONE ( ! LEAD+ MEMB]S ( ! ,DELLE ,*IAIE NETWORK1 ,CLAUDIO ,MUTTI1 WAS = A LONG TIME ! *AIRMAN ( ! ,ITALIA-,LIBIA ,ASSOCIATION4 ,ALSO1 ,M>IO ,TUTTI1 ! NE(ASCI/ KILL] *>G$ ) ! 0,ITALICUS0 EXPRESS BOMB+1 IS KN[N TO HAVE CA%$ A *ECK FROM ! ,LIBYAN ,EMBASSY 9 ,ROME :ILE ON ! RUN 9 #a#i#g#e4 ,9 #ai< ,ORD9E ,NUOVO1 RECON/ITUT$ 9 #aigd AS A M]G] BETWE5 ,ORD9E ,NUOVO & ,AVANGU>DIA ,NAZIONALE :I* L$ TO ! =MATION ( ! T]RORI/ ORGANIZATION ,NUCLEI ,>MATA ,RIVOLUZION>IA 7,N,>2 0,>M$ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,GR\PS071 ISSU$ CL&E/9E 0,ORD] ,PAP]S0 TO MEMB]S4 ,!SE PAP]S MAKE IT CLE> ?AT ! NEW ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK WAS N[ 9T]NATIONAL 9 SCOPE & ?AT ! OP]ATIONAL BASES HAD BE5 MOV$ \TSIDE ,ITALY4 ,!Y 9/RUCT$ CELLS TO USE DIFF]5T NAMES = EA* ATTACK4 ,ONE W5T SO F> AS TO SAY3 0,AFT] MURD] COMES 9DISCRIM9ATE T]RORISM40 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #f -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/