,SYNDICALI/S 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,GRIGORI ,PETROVIT* ,MAXIM(F 

,TAGS 3 ALL-RUSSIAN TRADE UNION1 TRADE UNION CONV5TION1 PETROGRAD FACTORY COMMITTEES1 RUSSIAN TRADE UNION1 SEIZURE ( FACTORIES1 CONTROL ( PRODUCTION1 WORK]S 9 MOSC[1 TROTSKY & PIATAKOV1 VOICE ( LAB\R1 FACTORY COMMITTEES4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,JESSE1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE  0,DISCUSS+ ! ACTIVITIES & ROLE ( ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,REVOLUTION1 ,KROPOTK9 SAID3 ',WE ,AN>*I/S HAVE TALK$ MU* ( REVOLUTIONS1 BUT FEW ( US HAVE BE5 PREP>$ = ! ACTUAL WORK 1TO BE DONE DUR+1 ! PROCESS4 ,I HAVE 9DICAT$ SOME ?+S 9 ?IS RELATION 9 MY  ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD4 ,P\GET & ,PATAUD HAVE ALSO SKET*$ A L9E ( ACTION 9 !IR WORK ON ,SYNDICALISM & ! ,COOP]ATIVE ,COMMONWEAL?4  

 ,KROPOTK9 ?\<T ?AT ! ,AN>*I/S HAD NOT GIV5 SUFFICI5T TO ! FUNDAM5TAL ELEM5TS ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! REAL FACTS 9 A REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS DO NOT CONSI/ SO MU* 9 ACTUAL FI<T+--?AT IS1 M]ELY ! DE/RUCTIVE PHASE NECESS>Y TO CLE> ! WAY = CON/RUCTIVE EF=T4 ,! BASIC FACTOR 9 A REVOLUTION IS ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! C\NTRY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAD PROV$ CONCLUSIVELY ?AT WE MU/ PREP>E ?OR\<LY = ?AT4 ,EV]Y?+ ELSE IS ( M9OR IMPORTANCE4 ,HE HAD COME TO ?9K ?AT1 ,SYNDICALISM WAS LIKELY TO FURNI% :AT ,RUSSIA MO/ LACK$3 ! *ANNEL ?R\< :I* ! 9DU/RIAL & ECONOMIC RECONCTRUCTION ( ! C\NTRY MAY FL[4 ,HE REF]R$ TO ,AN>*O-,SYNDIALISM4 ,?AT & ! COOP]ATIVES W\LD SAVE O!R C\NTRIES SOME ( ! BLUND]S & SUFF]+ ,RUSSIA WAS GO+ ?\<40  

 ,E,M,M,A ,G,O,L,D,M,A,N1 ',MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA'1  
ON A VISIT TO ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 AT ,DIMITROV1 ,JULY #a#i#b4  

,SYNDICALI/S 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 

,! ,REVOLUTION %OOK ALL CLASSES & /RATA ( ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL LIFE4 ,A VA/ UNRE/ HAD P]MEAT$ ALL LEVELS ( ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY AS A RESULT ( ?REE C5TURIES ( OPPRESSION BY ! ,CZ>I/ REGIME4 

,DUR+ ! REVOLUTION>Y EXPLOSION1 ?IS UNRE/ BECAME ! =CE :I* CEM5T$ ! HET]OG5E\S ELEM5TS 9TO A P[]FUL UNIT$ FRONT1 & :I* ANNIHILAT$ ! $IFICE ( DESPOTISM )9 ?REE DAYS1 A BRIEF REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 UNPREC$5T$ 9 HI/ORY4 ,)9 ?IS MOVEM5T1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ITS COMPON5T =CES W]E ACTUAT$ BY DIFF]5T1 & (T5 MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE TASKS & PURPOSES1 REIGN$ FULL UNANIMITY4 ,AT ! MOM5T ( REVOLUTION>Y EXPLOSION ! AIMS ( ?OSE V>I\S =CES HAPP5$ TO CO9CIDE1 S9CE !Y W]E NEGATIVE 9 *>ACT]1 BE+ DIRECT$ AT ANNIHILAT+ ! SUP]ANNUAT$ ABSOLUTI/ REGIME4 ,! CON/RUCTIVE AIMS W]E NOT YET CLE>4 ,IT WAS ONLY DUR+ ! FUR!R C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T1 ?R\< ! DIFF]+ CON/RUCTIONS PLAC$ ON ! AIMS & TASKS ( ! REVOLUTION1 ?AT ! HI!RTO AMORPH\S =CES BEGAN TO CRY/ALLIZE & A /RUGGLE >OSE AMONG !M = ! TRIUMPH ( !IR IDEAS & OBJECTIVES4 

,IT IS A NOTEWOR?Y FEATURE ( ! REVOLUTION ?AT DESPITE ! RA!R SMALL 9FLU5CE ( ,AN>*I/S ON ! MASSES BE=E ITS \T BREAK1 IT FOLL[$ FROM ITS 9CEPTION ! AN>*I/IC C\RSE ( FULL DEC5TRALIZATION2 ! REVOLUTION>Y BODIES IMM$IATELY PU%$ TO ! FRONT BY ! C\RSE ( REVOLUTION W]E ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ 9 !IR ESS5TIAL *>ACT]4 ,!SE W]E ( ! K9D :I* L5D !MSELVES AS ADEQUATE 9/RUM5TS = ! QUICKE/ REALIZATION ( ! ,AN>*I/ IDEAL - ,SOVIETS1 ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 PEASANT L& COMMITTEES & H\SE COMMITTEES1 ETC4 ,! 9N] LOGIC ( ! DEVELOPM5T & GR[? ( SU* ORGANIZATIONS L$ 9 ,NOVEMB] 7,OCTOB]7 #aiag TO ! TEMPOR>Y EXT9CTION ( ! ,/ATE & ! SWEEP+ AWAY ( ! F\NDATIONS ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY4 ,I SAY TEMPOR>ILY1 = 9 ! LONG RUN ! ,/ATE & CAPITALISM CAME TO TRIUMPH1 ! LOGICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! REVOLUTION HAV+ BE5 OP5LY FRU/RAT$ BY ?OSE :O AT FIR/ W]E 9/RUM5TAL 9 ACCEL]AT+ ITS C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,UN*ECK$ BY ! TOO TRU/FUL MASSES1 :OSE AIMS & C\RSE ( ACTION1 ?\< FELT 9/9CTIVELY1 W]E /ILL F> FROM BE+ CLE>LY REALIZ$1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT !Y GA9$ ! CONFID5CE ( ?OSE MASSES1 GRADUALLY 5VELOP$ ! REVOLUTION ) ! *ILL+ ATMOSPH]E ( ,/ATE DOM9ANCE & BRUTE =CE1 ?US DOOM+ IT TO AN 9EVITABLE PROCESS ( DECAY4 ,?IS PROCESS1 H[EV]1 BECAME NOTICEABLE ONLY SIX MON?S AFT] ! 0,OCTOB] REVOLUTION04 ,UP TO ?AT MOM5T ! REVOLUTION KEPT ON RIP5+4 ,! /RUGGLE BECAME %>P] & ! OBJECTIVES BEGAN TO ASSUME AN EV] CLE>] & MORE \TSPOK5 *>ACT]4 ,! C\NTRY SEE!D & BUBBL$ OV]1 LIV+ A FULL LIFE UND] CONDITIONS ( FRE$OM4 

,GR& /RUGGLE 

,! /RUGGLE ( CLASSES1 GR\PS & P>TIES = PREPOND]ANT 9FLU5CE 9 ! REVOLUTION WAS 9T5SE1 P[]FUL & /RIK+ 9 *>ACT]4 ,AS A RESULT ( ?IS /RUGGLE !RE RESULT$ A SORT ( /ALEMATE ( =CES2 NONE WAS 9 A POSITION TO COMM& SUP]IORITY 9 RELATION TO ! RE/4 ,?IS 9 TURN MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE = ! ,/ATE & GOV]NM5T - ! EXT]NAL =CE /&+ ABOVE SOCIETY - TO BECOME ! 9/RUM5T ( ONE ( ! CONT5D+ =CES4 ,! ,/ATE1 !RE=E1 WAS P>ALYZ$1 NOT BE+ ABLE TO EX]T ITS NEGATIVE 9FLU5CE ON ! C\RSE ( EV5TS1 ! MORE SO 9 ?AT ! >MY1 DUE TO ITS ACTIVE P>T 9 ! MOVEM5T1 CEAS$ TO BE AN OB$I5T 9/RUM5T ( ,/ATE P[]4 ,9 ?IS GR& /RUGGLE ( 9T]E/S & IDEAS ! ,AN>*I/S TOOK AN ACTIVE & LIVELY P>T4 

,! P]IOD FROM ,M>* 7,FEBRU>Y7 TO ,NOVEMB] 7,OCTOB]7 #aiag WAS 9 ITS SWEEP & SCOPE A MO/ RESPL5D5T ONE = ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ & ,AN>*I/ WORK1 ?AT IS = PROPAG&A1 AGITATION1 ORGANIZATION & ACTION4 

,! REVOLUTION OP5$ WIDE ! DOOR TO ,AN>*I/ EMIGRES RETURN+ FROM V>I\S C\NTRIES1 :]E !Y HAD FL$ TO ESCAPE ! F]OCI\S P]SECUTION ( ! ,CZ>'S GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT EV5 BE=E ! EMIGRES' RETURN !RE >OSE1 ) ! ACTIVE P>TICIPATION ( COMRADES RELEAS$ FROM PRISON & EXILE1 GR\PS & UNIONS ( ,AN>*I/S1 AS WELL AS ,AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS4 ,) ! RETURN ( ! ,AN>*I/S FROM ABROAD1 ?IS WORK BEGAN TO PICK UP CONSID]ABLE MOM5TUM4 ,RUSSIA WAS COV]$ ) A ?ICK1 ALBEIT TOO LOOSELY CONNECT$1 NET ( GR\PS4 ,SC>CELY A SIZABLE CITY DID NOT HAVE AN ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ OR ,AN>*I/ GR\P4 ,! PROPAG&A TOOK DIM5SIONS UNPREC$5T$ = ,AN>*I/ ACTIVITY 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,PROPORTIONATELY1 !RE WAS A GREAT NUMB] ( ,AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]S1 MAGAZ9ES1 LEAFLETS1 PAMPHLETS & BOOKS4 ,! BOOK M>KET WAS FLOOD$ ) ,AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE4 ,! 9T]E/ 9 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM & ,AN>*ISM WAS 5ORM\S1 REA*+ EV5 ! REMOTE CORN]S ( ! F>AWAY ,NOR?4 

,NEWSPAP]S W]E PUBLI%$ NOT ONLY 9 ! L>GE ADM9I/RATIVE & 9DU/RIAL C5T]S1 LIKE ,MOSC[ & ,PETROGRAD1 :I* HAD SEV]AL ,AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]S 79 ,PETROGRAD ! CIRCULATION ( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ ,GOLOS ,TR\DA & ! ,AN>*I/ ,BUREVE/NIK WAS #b#e1 EA*2 ! ,MOSC[ DAILY ,AN>*IA HAD AB\T ! SAME CIRCULATION71 BUT ALSO 9 PROV9CIAL CITIES1 LIKE ,KRON/ADT1 ,Y>OSLAVL1 ,NIZHNI-,NOVGOROD1 ,S>ATOV1 ,SAM>A1 ,KRASNOY>SK1 ,VLADIVO/OK1 ,RO/OV ON ,DON1 ,ODESSA & ,KIEV4 7,9 #a#i#a#h1 ,AN>*I/ PAP]S W]E COM+ \T 9 ,IVANOVO-,VOSNES5SK1 ,*EMB>1 ,EKAT]9BURG1 ,KURSK1 ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 ,VIATKA47 

,ORAL PROPAG&A WAS EV5 MORE EXT5SIVE ?AN WRITT5 - IT WAS C>RI$ \T 9 ! >MY1 AS WELL AS 9 FACTORIES & VILLAGES4 ,! PROPAG&A /RESS$ ! C5TRAL TASK ( BR++ \T & C>RY+ TO !IR LOGICAL 5D ! ,AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES & T5D5CIES 9H]5T 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,?IS PROPAG&A1 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ PROPAG&A ESPECIALLY1 WAS V]Y SUCCESSFUL ) ! TOIL]S4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( ,AN>*ISM1 ESPECIALLY ITS ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ V>IETY1 WAS SO GREAT ) ! ,PETROGRAD WORK]S ?AT ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS W]E COMPELL$ TO ISSUE A SPECIAL PUBLICATION = ! PURPOSE ( WAG+ A /RUGGLE AGA9/ 0,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM AMONG ! ORGANIZ$ PROLET>IAT40 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ?IS 9FLU5CE WAS NOT ORGANIZ$4 

',C5TRALISM VIA F$]ALISM' 

,! 9FLU5CE ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM %[$ ITSELF CR$ITABLY 9 ! /RUGGLE = SUPREMACY WAG$ BY ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES AGA9/ ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES W]E ALMO/ COMPLETELY SWAY$ BY A UNIQUE SORT ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM2 ?IS IS ATTE/$ BY ALL ! CONF]5CES ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 & BY ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN CONF]5CES ( !SE COMMITTEES4 ,MOREOV]1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 !IR DRIVE T[>DS SEIZURE ( P[] & DICTATOR%IP1 W]E =C$ TO CA/ AWAY 7= ! TIME BE+ ONLY1 AS SUBSEQU5T EV5TS PROV$71 !IR OR?ODOX ,M>XISM & TO ACCEPT ,AN>*I/ SLOGANS & ME?ODS4 ,ALAS1 ?IS WAS BUT A TACTICAL MOVE ON !IR P>T1 NOT A G5U9E *ANGE ( PROGRAM4 ,! SLOGANS =MULAT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS 7,COMMUNI/S7 VOIC$1 9 A PRECISE & 9TELLIGIBLE MANN]1 ! DEM&S ( ! MASSES 9 REVOLT1 CO9CID+ ) ! SLOGANS ( ! ,AN>*I/S3 0,D[N ) ! W>10 0,IMM$IATE PEACE )\T ANNEXATIONS OR 9DEMNITIES1 OV] ! HEADS ( ! GOV]NM5TS & CAPITALI/S10 0,ABOLITION ( ! >MY10 0,>M+ ( ! WORK]S10 0,IMM$IATE SEIZURE ( L& BY ! PEASANTS10 0,SEIZURE ( FACTORIES BY ! WORK]S10 0,A ,F$]ATION ( ,SOVIETS10 ETC4 ,W\LDN'T ! REALIZATION ( !SE GREAT SLOGANS LEAD TO ! FULL TRIUMPH ( ,AN>*I/ IDEOLOGY1 TO ! SWEEP+ AWAY ( ! BASIS & F\NDATIONS ( ,M>XISM8 ,WASN'T IT NATURAL = ! ,AN>*I/S TO BE TAK5 9 BY !SE SLOGANS1 CONSID]+ ?AT !Y LACK$ A /RONG ORGANIZATION TO C>RY !M \T 9DEP5D5TLY8 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 !Y CONT9U$ TAK+ P>T 9 ! JO9T /RUGGLE4 

,BUT REALITY SOON PROV$ ?AT ALL ! LAPSES BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y POSITION W]E NO CASUAL ?+S1 BUT MOVES 9 A RIGOR\SLY ?\<T-\T TACTICAL PLAN1 DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! VITAL 9T]E/S & DEM&S ( ! MASSES - A PLAN DESIGN$ TO C>RY \T 9 LIFE ! DEAD DOGMAS ( A DIS9TEGRAT$ ,M>XISM4 ,! TRUE FACE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS WAS REVEAL$ BY ! ,COMMISS> ( ,NATIONAL ,AFFAIRS@9,/AL9 7,DZHUGA%VILI71 :O 9 ONE ( HIS >TICLES 7,APRIL #a#i#a#h7 WROTE ?AT !IR AIM IS1 0,TO >RIVE AT C5TRALISM VIA F$]ALISM40 ,P]SI/5TLY1 CAUTI\SLY1 ! REVOLUTION WAS BE+ =C$ 9TO ,M>XI/ *ANNELS 9 ACCORDANCE ) A PRECONCEIV$ PLAN4 ,SU* A *ANNEL IS = EV]Y POPUL> CRE$ A ,PROCRU/EAN B$4  

,?US1 DUR+ ! P]IOD ( ! ,B\RGEOIS & ,B\RGEOIS ,SOCIALI/ ,GOV]NM5T1 ! ,AN>*I/S WORK$ 7NOT ORGANIZATIONALLY ( C\RSE7 H&-9-H& ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,H[ W]E ! ,AN>*I/S SITUAT$ DUR+ ?AT P]IOD8 ,! LI/+ ( ! CITIES :]E ,AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS CAME \T %[S ?AT FRE$OM ( ! PRESS WAS ( ! MO/ EXT5SIVE K9D4 ,NOT A S+LE NEWSPAP] WAS CLOS$1 NOT A S+LE LEAFLET1 PAMPHLET OR BOOK CONFISCAT$1 NOT A S+LE RALLY OR MASS MEET+ =BIDD54 ,DESPITE ! SEIZURE ( RI* PRIVATE H\SES1 LIKE ! ,DURNOVO ,VILLA & O!R MANSIONS 9 ,PETROGRAD2 DESPITE ! SEIZURE ( PR9T+ %OPS1 9CLUD+ ! PR9T+ %OP ( ,RUSSKAYA ,VOLIA1 PUBLI%$ BY ! ,CZ>'S M9I/] ,PROTOPOPOV2 DESPITE OP5 9CITEM5T TO 9SUBORD9ATION & APPEALS = SOLDI]S TO LEAVE ! FRONTS2 DESPITE ALL ?AT1 ONLY A FEW CASES :]E ,AN>*I/S W]E MANH&L$ MI<T BE CON/RU$ AS CONNIVANCE BY AU?ORITIES1 OR PREM$ITAT$ ACTS4 ,TRUE1 ! GOV]NM5T1 AT ?AT P]IOD1 WAS NOT AV]SE TO DEAL+ SEV]ELY ) BO? ,AN>*I/S & ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,K]5SKY ?REAT5$ MANY TIMES TO 0BURN !M \T ) R$-HOT IRONS04 ,BUT ! GOV]NM5T WAS P[]LESS1 BECAUSE ! REVOLUTION WAS 9 FULL SW+4 

,AFT] ,OCTOB] 

,H[ DID ! POSITION ( ! ,AN>*I/S *ANGE ) ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION1 9 ! PREP>ATION & MAK+ ( :I* !Y HAD TAK5 SU* A PROM95T P>T8 ,IT HAS TO BE PO9T$ \T ?AT DUR+ ! ,K]5SKY P]IOD ! ,AN>*I/S HAD GR[N CONSID]ABLY & ?AT T[>DS ! ,OCTOB] DAYS !IR MOVEM5T HAD ALREADY ASSUM$ CONSID]ABLE PROPORTIONS4 ,?IS GR[? BECAME EV5 MORE ACCEL]AT$ AFT] ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION1 :5 ! ,AN>*I/S TOOK AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! DIRECT /RUGGLE AGA9/ BO? ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION & ! ,G]MAN-,AU/RIAN TROOPS4 ,NOT ONLY DID ! VOICE ( ! ,AN>*I/S COMM& ATT5TION1 BUT ! MASSES ACTUALLY FOLL[$ ! APPEALS & DIRECTIVES ( ! ,AN>*I/S1 HAV+ COME TO SEE 9 !M ! CONCRETE =MULATION ( !IR AGE-LONG ASPIRATIONS4 ,?AT IS :Y !Y BACK$ DEM&S ( AN ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ *>ACT]1 C>RY+ !M \T 9 ! TEE? ( HAM/R++ EF=TS1 RA!R FEEBLE AT ?AT TIME1 BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ PROPAG&A1 !RE BEGAN 9 ,PETROGRAD A SPONTANE\S PROCESS ( SOCIALIZATION ( H\S+ BY ! H\SE COMMITTEES4 ,?IS EXT5D$ TO 5TIRE /REETS1 BR++ 9TO EXI/5CE /REET COMMITTEES & BLOCK COMMITTEES1 :5 5TIRE BLOCKS W]E DRAWN 94 ,IT SPREAD TO O!R CITIES4 ,9 ,KRON/ADT IT />T$ EV5 E>LI] ?AN ,PETROGRAD & REA*$ EV5 GREAT] 9T5SITY4 ,IF 9 ,PETROGRAD & O!R CITIES1 DWELL+S W]E SOCIALIZ$ ONLY ON ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION1 9 ,KRON/ADT SIMIL> /EPS W]E TAK5 E>LI]1 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,Y>T*UK1 :O WAS 5JOY+ GREAT POPUL>ITY 9 ?AT T[N1 & 9 FACE ( ! ACTIVE RESI/ANCE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,MEASURES ( ?IS K9D W]E C>RI$ \T 9 AN ORGANIZ$ WAY BY ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S & SAILORS ?R\<\T ! T[N4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK FRACTION LEFT A SESSION ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ! SOCIALIZATION ( DWELL+S4 

,WORK]S' ,CONTROL 

,9 ! FIELD ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE T[>DS IMM$IATE ABOLITION ( ! 9/ITUTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,AN>*I/S WAS EV5 MORE PRON\NC$4 ,! IDEA ( 0WORK]S' CONTROL01 C>RI$ \T ?R\< ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 AN IDEA ADVOCAT$ BY ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S FROM ! V]Y \TSET ( ! REVOLUTION1 TOOK ROOT AMONG ! CITY WORK]S1 GA9+ SU* A /RONG HOLD ON !M AS TO =CE ITS ACCEPTANCE1 9 A DI/ORT$ =M1 ( C\RSE1 BY ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES4 ,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS & ! RI<T ,SOCIAL-,REVOLUTIONI/S TWI/$ ?IS IDEA ( WORK]S' CONTROL 9TO ?AT ( ,/ATE CONTROL OV] 9DU/RY1 ) ! P>TICIPATION ( WORK]S1 LEAV+ 5T]PRISES 9 ! H&S ( ! CAPITALI/S4 

,AS = ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 !Y W]E QUITE VAGUE AB\T ! MEAN+ ( ! T]M 0WORK]S' CONTROL01 LEAV+ IT UNDEF9$1 & MAK+ IT A H&Y TOOL ( DEMAGOGIC PROPAG&A4 ,?IS IS CONFIRM$ BY ,A4 ,LOZOVSKY 7,S4 ,A4 ,DRIDZO71 :O WRITES ! FOLL[+ 9 HIS PAMPHLET ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL 7,PET]SBURG1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,PUBLI%+ ,H\SE1 #a#i#a#h73 

0,WORK]S' CONTROL WAS ! FI<T+ SLOGAN ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS BE=E ! ,OCTOB] DAYS 4 4 4 BUT DESPITE ! FACT ?AT WORK]S' CONTROL FIGUR$ 9 ALL RESOLUTIONS1 & WAS DISPLAY$ ON ALL BANN]S1 IT HAD AN AURA ( MY/]Y AB\T IT4 ,! P>TY ,PRESS WROTE V]Y LITTLE AB\T ?IS SLOGAN1 /ILL LESS DID IT TRY TO IMPLEM5T IT 9 A CONCRETE WAY4 ,:5 ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION BROKE \T & IT BECAME NECESS>Y TO SAY CLE>LY & PRECISELY :AT ?IS WORK]S' CONTROL WAS1 IT DEVELOP$ ?AT1 EV5 AMONG ! P>TISANS ( ?IS SLOGAN1 !RE EXI/$ GREAT DIFF]5CES ( OP9ION ON ?AT' SCORE40 7P4 #a#i47 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ CON/RUCTION ( ! IDEA ( WORK]S' CONTROL2 NAMELY1 TAK+ CONTROL ( PRODUCTION1 ITS SOCIALIZATION & 9/ITUT+ WORK]S' CONTROL OV] SOCIALIZ$ PRODUCTION ?R\< ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 ,?IS IDEA WON \T1 WORK]S HAV+ BEGUN EXPROPRIAT+ 5T]PRISES :ILE ! ,B\RGEOIS-,SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T WAS /ILL 9 P[]4 ,! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES & V>I\S CONTROL COMMITTEES W]E ALREADY TAK+ OV] ! MANAG+ FUNCTIONS AT ?AT TIME4 ,ON ! EVE ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION ?IS MOVEM5T ASSUM$ A TRULY MASS *>ACT]4 

,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES 

,! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES & !IR ,C5TRAL ,BUREAU BECAME ! F\NDATION ( ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 :I* SET ITSELF ! TASK ( MAK+ ! FACTORIES 9TO ,PRODUC] & ,CONSUM] ,COMMUNES4 ,! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES W]E TO BECOME ! NUCLEI ( ! NEW SOCIAL ORD] GRADUALLY EM]G+ FROM ! 9*OATE ELEM5TAL LIFE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,AN>*I/IC 9 !IR ESS5CE1 ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES MADE MANY 5EMIES4 ,! ATTITUDE ( ALL POLITICAL P>TIES WAS RE/RA9$ HO/ILITY1 !IR EF=TS C5T]+ ON R$UC+ ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES TO A SUBORD9ATE POSITION )9 ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,! ,COMMUNI/S FROM ! \TSET %[$ !IR SUSPICION ( ?IS TYPE ( ORGANIZATION4 ,IT WAS ONLY AFT] !Y HAD BECOME CONV9C$ ?AT ! TRADE UNIONS W]E TOO /RONGLY DOM9AT$ BY ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS TO L5D !MSELVES AS 9/RUM5TS ( ,COMMUNI/ POLICY ?AT1 FOLL[+ ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S1 !Y BEGAN TO C5T] !IR ATT5TION ON ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 AIM+ TO PLACE !M UND] !IR CONTROL &1 ?R\< ?OSE COMMITTEES1 ULTIMATELY TO GA9 CONTROL ( ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,DESPITE ?IS ATTITUDE1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E =C$ BY ! C\RSE ( EV5TS TO ASSUME A POSITION T[>D ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES :I* DIFF]$ LITTLE FROM ?AT ( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S4 ,ONLY GRADUALLY DID !Y ASSUME ?IS POSITION4 ,AT FIR/ !Y COMBAT$ IT4 

0,! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S 5TR5*$ !MSELVES BEH9D ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 ,!Y CREAT$ A V]ITABLE !ORY >\ND IT1 SAY+ 9 EFFECT ?AT ! TRADE UNIONS HAVE DI$1 ?AT ! FUTURE BELONGS TO ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 :O WILL DELIV] ! KNOCK-\T BL[ TO CAPITALISM1 ?AT ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES >E ! HI<E/ =M ( LABOR MOVEM5T1 ETC4 ,9 A WORD1 !Y DEVELOP$ 9 REG>D TO ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES ! SAME !ORY :I* ! ,FR5* ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S DEVELOP$ 9 REG>D TO ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,UND] !SE CONDITIONS ! DIVORCE BETWE5 ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS 7TRADE UNIONS & ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES7 REPRES5TS ! GREATE/ DANG] = ! LABOR MOVEM5T ( ,RUSSIA4 

0,?IS DANG] IS ! GREAT]1 ?AT EV5 AMONG ACTIVE PEOPLE ( ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES :O >E NOT ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S1 WE ALSO SEE ?IS T5D5CY TO OPPOSE ! TRADE UNIONS TO ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES & EV5 TO' REPLACE 9DU/RIAL UNIONS & !IR LOCAL BRAN*ES ) RESPECTIVE ORGANIZATIONS ( ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEE TYPE40 - ,LOZOVSKY1 ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL 7P4 #c#g74 

,SEIZURE ( 5T]PRISES 

,*>ACT]I/ICALLY1 ONLY ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ PRESS CORRECTLY EVALUAT$ ! ROLE & SIGNIFICANCE ( ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 ,! FIR/ >TICLE 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y PRESS ON ?IS PROBLEM1 BY ! AU?OR ( !SE L9ES1 APPE>$ 9 ! FIR/ ISSUE ( ,GOLOS ,TR\DA4 7,9CID5TALLY1 ! >TICLE DID NOT EXPRESS ! OP9ION ( ,GOLOS ,TR\DA AS A :OLE ON ?IS PROBLEM47 ,AT ONE ( ! CONF]5CES ( ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES HELD 9 ,PETROGRAD1 DUR+ ,AUGU/1 #a#i#a#g1 ! >TICLE WAS HOTLY CONTE/$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 NOTABLY ,LOZOVSKY & O!RS4 ,BUT ?IS IDEA1 S\ND 9 ITSELF & ANSW]+ ! MOOD & NE$S ( ! WORK]S1 BECAME DOM9ANT EV5 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY4 ,EV5 ,L59 DECL>$ 9 HIS SPEE* AT ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONV5TION 7HELD 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#a#h7 ?AT 0! FACTORY IS A SELF-GOV]N+ COMMUNE ( PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S40 

,! RESULTS ( ?IS ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ PROPAG&A SOON BORE FRUIT4 ,!RE FOLL[$ A WAVE ( SEIZURES ( 5T]PRISES & ! ORGANIZATION ( ,WORK]S' ,MANAGEM5T4 ,!SE BEGAN :5 ! PROVISIONAL GOV]NM5T WAS /ILL 9 P[] &1 IT /&S TO REASON1 ! ,AN>*I/S PLAY$ ! =EMO/ ROLE 9 !M4 ,! MO/ TALK$-( EV5T ( ! K9D AT ?AT P]IOD WAS ! EXPROPRIATION UND] ! DIRECT 9FLU5CE ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,ZHUK1 ( ! ,%LISSELBURG GUNP[D] MILLS & AGRICULTURAL E/ATES1 BO? ( :I* W]E !N ORGANIZ$ ON ,AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES4 ,SU* EV5TS RECURR$ EV] MORE FREQU5TLY1 & ON ! EVE ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION !Y CAME TO BE REG>D$ AS A MATT] ( C\RSE4 ,SOON AFT] ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION1 ! ,C5TRAL ,BUREAU ( ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES WORK$ \T EXT5SIVE 9/RUCTIONS = ! CONTROL ( PRODUCTION4 ,!SE 9/RUCTIONS PROV$ TO BE A BRILLIANT LIT]>Y DOCUM5T1 %[+ ! TRIUMPH ( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ IDEA4 ,! SIGNIFICANCE ( ?IS 9CID5T IS ! GREAT] CONSID]+ ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E !N PR$OM9ANT 9 ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 

,H[ GREATLY ! WORK]S W]E 9FLU5C$ BY ! IDEA ( ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES BE+ ! EXECUTIVE BODIES ( ! ,FACTORY-,COMMUNES - ! CELLUL> BODIES JO9+ 9TO A F$]ATIVE ORGANIZATION1 :I* UNITES ALL WORK]S & CREATES ! NECESS>Y 9DU/RIAL ADM9I/RATIVE SY/EM - IS %[N BY ! UNEAS9ESS ! ,BOL%EVIKS REVEAL$ AFT] ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION4 

0,9 PLACE ( A ',REPUBLIC ( ,SOVIETS'1 WE >E L$ TO A REPUBLIC ( PRODUC]S' COOP]ATIVES 7>TELS71 9TO :I* ! CAPITALI/ FACTORIES W\LD BE METAMORPHOS$ BY ?IS PROCESS4 ,9/EAD ( A RAPID REGULATION ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION - 9/EAD ( MEASURES :I*1 OBJECT$ TO AS !Y MAY BE ON V>I\S GR\NDS1 DO REPRES5T A G5U9E /EP T[>D A SOCIALI/ ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY - 9/EAD ( ?AT WE >E WITNESS+ SOME?+ :I* P>TAKES SOME:AT ( ! ,AN>*I/ VISION>Y DREAMS AB\T AUTONOM\S 9DU/RIAL COMMUNES40 - ,I4 ,/EPANOV1 ,FROM ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL T[>DS ,WORK]S' ,ADM9I/RATION 9 ! 9DU/RIES & ,AGRICULTURE 7,MOSC[1 #a#i#a#h1 P4 #a#a74 

,! PR$OM9ANCE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS MAKES EV5 MORE REM>KABLE ! SUCCESSES A*IEV$ BY \R COMRADES1 ESPECIALLY ?AT ( ,W4 ,%ATOV1 9 !IR WORK C>RI$ ON )9 ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 7,%ATOV L$ ! ATTACK ON ! ,W9T] ,PALACE1 ,PETROGRAD1 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#g4 ,HE LEFT ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T & BECAME 9 FACT A ,BOL%EVIK FROM ! V]Y MOM5T :5 ! CAPITAL WAS MOV$ TO ,MOSC[ E>LY 9 #a#i#a#h4 ,HE WAS >RE/$ & PROBABLY %OT )\T TRIAL DUR+ ! PURGES 9 ! LATE #a#i#cS47 ,EV5 ?\< DOM9AT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES ( ?AT P]IOD W]E C>RY+ \T ! ,AN>*I/ IDEA4 ,! LATT]1 ( C\RSE1 SUFF]$ 9 CL>ITY & PURITY :5 C>RI$ \T BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS )9 ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES2 HAD ! ,AN>*I/S BE5 9 ! MAJORITY !Y W\LD HAVE TRI$ TO ELIM9ATE COMPLETELY FROM ! WORK ( ! COMMITTEES ! ELEM5T ( C5TRALIZATION & ,/ATE PR9CIPLES4 

,SPONTANE\S ,SYNDICALISM 

,WE >E NOT \T H]E TO GIVE A DETAIL$ HI/ORY ( ! ,RUSSIAN TRADE UNION MOVEM5T1 OR A *RONICLE ( ! /RUGGLE ( V>I\S POLITICAL P>TIES & GR\PS )9 ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,\RS IS A PURELY 9=MATORY TASK4 ,WE WANT TO /RESS ?OSE MOM5TS 9 ! LIFE ( ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T HI<LI<T$ BY ! WORK ( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ M9ORITY4 ,! LABOR MOVEM5T1 LIKE ! REVOLUTION ITSELF1 >OSE SPONTANE\SLY4 ,IT SET ASIDE TRADE UNIONS1 BAS+ ITSELF MA9LY ON ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES & !IR ASSOCIATIONS1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,PETROGRAD4 

,AL?\< ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT WAS1 AS A :OLE1 5TIRELY IGNORANT ( ! IDEAS ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM1 & DESPITE ! SC>CITY ( ,AN>*O ,SYNDICALI/ LIT]ATURE1 AS WELL AS AN ALMO/ TOTAL LACK ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ?IS MOVEM5T AMONG ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S2 DESPITE ALL ?AT1 ! LABOR MOVEM5T ( ALL ,RUSSIA W5T ALONG ! ROAD ( DEC5TRALIZATION4 ,IT *OSE SPONTANE\SLY ! C\RSE ( A UNIQUE ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALISM4 ,UNLIKE O!R P]IODS1 ! ONE FOLL[+ ! ,FEBRU>Y REVOLUTION ( #aiag WAS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! ACTIVE P>TICIPATION ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S - WORK]S :O HAD RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIA FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E !Y HAD TAK5 P>T 9 ! /RUGGLES ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W74 

,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES V TRADE UNIONS 

,UNTIL ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#h1 ?AT IS UNTIL ! ,FIR/ ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONV5TION1 ! LABOR MOVEM5T SAIL$ UND] ! BANN]S ( ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 ,!SE WAG$ A FI]CE /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! B\RGEOIS ELEM5TS ?AT F\<T SIL5TLY = SUPREMACY1 AS AGA9/ ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,?IS /RUGGLE ASSUM$ AN ESPECIALLY /RONG *>ACT] AFT] ! ,?IRD ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONF]5CE1 :I* CLE>LY REVEAL$ ! GULF BETWE5 ! TACTICS & AIMS ( ! TRADE UNIONS & ?OSE ( ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 ,! LATT]1 UNIT$ FIR/ 9 ,PETROGRAD1 !N ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA1 S+L$ \T !IR [N C5TRAL BODIES & GAVE ! KEY/ONE TO ! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S TOOK AN ACTIVE P>T 9 BO? ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES & ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,!RE WAS NO UNANIMITY 9 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ RANKS AB\T :I* ( ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS %\LD BE PREF]R$4 ,! MOVEM5T HEAD$ BY ! AU?OR O,G,B,P !SE L9ES WAS F> FROM BE+ SUPPORT$ BY ! RE/ ( ! ,AN>*I/S4 ,IT WAS NOT EV5 ACCEPT$ BY ! GR\P PUBLI%+ ,GOLOS ,TR\DA4 ,LIKEWISE1 MANY ,BOL%EVIKS W]E AV]SE TO ! VIEWPO9T FAVOR+ ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES AS AGA9/ ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,AT ONE ( ! CONF]5CES ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 ,LOZOVSKY SUBJECT$ ?IS VIEW1 & ! MOVEM5T BACK+ IT1 TO A CRUEL & UNSCRUPUL\S ATTACK4 

,ON ! :OLE1 H[EV]1 ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ ELEM5TS %[$ A PREF]5CE = ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 HAV+ CONC5TRAT$ !IR =CES 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 ,!Y W]E REPRES5T$ 9 MANY 9DIVIDUAL ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 AS WELL AS 9 ! ,PETROGRAD ,BUREAU & ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,C5TRAL ,BUREAU ( ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 ,LIKEWISE ! 9FLU5CE EX]CIS$ BY ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S ON ! WORK ( ! CONF]5CES ( ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 :OSE PAP]1 ,NOVY ,PUT1 WAS /RONGLY COLOR$ ) A UNIQUE K9D ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM1 ?\< NO ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S W]E ON ITS /AFF4 

,9 VIEW ( ?IS DIRECT & 9DIRECT 9FLU5CE ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S1 ! B\RGEOIS & SOCIALI/ PAP]S BEGAN TO VOICE AL>M3 ! NEWSPAP]S ,DI5 7B\RGEOIS71 ,NOVAYA ,ZHIZN 7SOCIALI/71 ,IZVE/IA ,PETROGRADSKOGO ,OB%T*E/VA ,ZAVO*IKOVY ,FABRICANTOV 7B\RGEOIS71 ,IZVE/IA ,TZ5TRALNOGO ,ISPOLNITELNOGO ,KOMITETA 7SOCIALI/71 ,RABO*AYA ,GAZETA 7SOCIALI/71 ETC4 ,! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATS ISSU$ A SPECIAL PUBLICATION 7,RABO*AYA ,MYSL7 TO COMBAT ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ 9FLU5CE AMONG ! ORGANIZ$ PROLET>IAT4 

,9 VA91 H[EV]4 ,! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S W]E CONQU]+ ! MASSES ) ! SLOGAN ( 0,WORK]S' ,CONTROL04 ,EV] GREAT] MASSES ( WORK]S W]E SWEPT UND] ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ 9FLU5CE1 :I* IMPELL$ !M TO PROCE$ ) ! SEIZURE ( FACTORIES4 ,! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ SLOGAN 0,WORK]S' ,CONTROL0 %[$ ITSELF 9 ! ,MANUAL = ! ,C>RY+ ,\T ( ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL ( ,9DU/RY1 $IT$ & PUBLI%$ BY ! ,C5TRAL ,C\NCIL ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES & :I* MET A %>P REBUFF FROM ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,M5%EVIKS AT ! ,FIR/ ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONV5TION4 7,SEE ,! ,FIR/ ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONV5TION ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ,/5OGRAPHIC ,REPORT4 ,ALSO ,A4 ,LOZOVSKY 7,DRIDZO71 ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL47 

,! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S AT ?AT TIME HAD !IR GR\P ORGANIZATIONS \TSIDE ! UNIONS & W]E PUBLI%+ NEWSPAP]S & MAGAZ9ES4 ,9 ,PETROGRAD ,GOLOS ,TR\DA1 ,KH>KOV ,RABO*AYA ,MYSL1 ,KRASNOY>SK ,SIBIRSKY ,AN>*I/1 9 ,MOSC[ A REVOLUTION>Y ,SYNDICALI/ ORGAN ,RABO*AYA ,ZHIZN1 ETC4 ,! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S W]E REPRES5T$ 9 NUM]\S ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES & TRADE UNIONS1 :]E !Y W]E C>RY+ ON 9T5SIVE PROPAG&A4 ,! GREAT MAJORITY ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S BELIEV$ ?AT1 BY WORK+ )9 ! TRADE UNIONS1 !Y W\LD SUCCE$ 9 IMP>T+ TO ! LATT] AN ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ DIRECTION4 

,SWEEP ( MOVEM5T 

,BE=E ! ,FIR/ ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONV5TION1 ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S SUCCE$$ 9 ORGANIZ+ ON ! PLAT=M ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,I,W,W BETWE5 #be & #c ?\S& M9]S ( ! ,DEBALTZEV DI/RICT 9 ! ,DON ,BAS94 ,! ,COSSACK MASSACRE1 :I* L$ TO ! MURD] ( COMRADE ,KONIAYEV1 ! ORGANIZ] ( ?IS UNION1 & ! SUBSEQU5T CIVIL W>1 DE/ROY$ ?OSE BEG9N+S4 ,! SAME WAS TRUE ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ WORK 9 ! ,*]EMKHOVO M9E1 BE=E ! ,CZE*OSLOVAK REBELLION4 ,9 ,EKAT]9OD> & ?R\<\T ,NOVOROSSIYSK PROV9CE ! LABOR MOVEM5T WAS ADOPT+ ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ PLAT=M4 ,?IS MOVEM5T WAS HEAD$ BY ,B4 ,YEL5SKY1 ,KATIA ,GORBOVA & O!RS4 ,! MOVEM5T EMBRAC$ ! 5TIRE ,*]NOMORSKY PROV9CE1 ) ! CITIES ,EKAT]9OD> & ,NOVOROSSIYSK4 ,! MA9 CONT+5TS 9 ?IS MOVEM5T W]E PORTWORK]S & CEM5T WORK]S4 ,9 ,MOSC[ ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S HAD A DOM9ANT 9FLU5CE AMONG ! RAILWAY WORK]S1 P]FUM]Y WORK]S & O!RS4 7,! MOVEM5T WAS C>RI$ ON BY COMRADES 9CLUD+ ,PREF]ANSOV1 ,N4 ,K4 ,LEB$IEV ,KRITSKAYA47 ,TO TRANSLATE ?IS 9FLU5CE 9TO T]MS ( DEF9ITE NUMB]S IS DIFFICULT4 ,WE CAN ONLY PO9T \T ?AT1 AT ! ,FIR/ ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONV5TION1 !RE WAS AN ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ FACTION4 ,IT 9CLUD$ A FEW ,MAXIMALI/S & O!R SYMPA?IZ]S TOTAL+ TW5TY-FIVE PEOPLE4 ,& S9CE ! BASIS ( REPRES5TATION WAS ON ! AV]AGE ( ONE DELEGATE P] #c1 #c1#e MEMB]S1 ONE MAY SAY ?AT ! NUMB] ( ORGANIZ$ ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ WORK]S REA*$ #h#h14 ,?IS FIGURE1 H[EV]1 MI<T SAFELY BE 9CREAS$ TWO OR ?REE TIMES TO =M AN ADEQUATE IDEA ( ! ACTUAL SWEEP ( ! MOVEM5T4 

,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES SUBORD9AT$ 

,AT ! ,FIR/ ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONV5TION1 IMM$IATELY AFT] ! ,OCTOB] REVOLUTION1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,LEFT ,SOCIAL-,REVOLUTIONI/S W]E 9 ! MAJORITY4 ,IT SIGNIFI$ ! F9AL VICTORY ( ! TRADE UNIONS OV] ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS SUBORD9AT$ ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES1 :I* W]E F$]ALI/ & AN>*I/IC BY NATURE1 TO ! C5TRALIZ$ TRADE UNIONS4 ,) ! HELP ( ! TRADE UNIONS1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS SUCCE$$ 9 MAK+ ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES A TOOL 9 !IR POLICY ( DOM9ATION OV] ! MASSES4 ,HAV+ A*IEV$ ?AT1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS PROCE$$ TO /RIP ! ,COMMITTEES ( ALL !IR FUNCTIONS4 ,& BY ?IS TIME ! ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES FULFILL$ ONLY ONE FUNCTION1 ! POLICE ROLE IMPOS$ ON !M BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,9 #a#i#a#h1 ! ,BOL%EVIK T]ROR /ILL SP>$ ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,& ?US WE SAW ! DEVELOPM5T ( AN ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ! BAK]S' UNION ( ,MOSC[1 ,KH>KOV & ,KIEV 7V]Y 5]GETIC WORK WAS C>RI$ ON AMONG ! ,KIEV BAK]S BY ,A4 ,B>ON1 :O IF NOT EXECUT$ BY N[ .<#a#i#d.> IS /ILL BE+ KEPT 9 PRISON OR EXILE2 EV] S9CE #a#i#b1 HE WAS SWIT*$ BACK & =? FROM V>I\S PRISONS TO PLACES ( EXILE71 & AMONG ! ,PETROGRAD PO/AL & TELEGRAPH WORK]S4 ,AT ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONV5TION ( ,PO/AL & ,TELEGRAPH ,WORK]S1 ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S EX]CIS$ A P[]FUL 9FLU5CE1 MORE ?AN HALF ! DELEGATES FOLL[+ !IR LEAD4 7,! PR9CIPAL ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ WORK]S 9 ?IS UNION W]E ,MILHALEV1 ,BOND>EV & O!RS4 ,! EXT5T ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ 9FLU5CE 9 ! UNION CAN BE JUDG$ BY READ+ ! /5OGRAPHIC REPORT ( ! CONV5TION HELD 9 #a#i#a#h47 ,! ,PETROGRAD BRAN* ( ?IS UNION M>*$ UND] ! BANN]S ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM4 ,ITS PUBLICATION1 ,IZVE/IA ,PO*TOVO-,TELEGRA9IKH ,SLUZHA%T*IKK ,PETROGRADA WAS $IT$ BY ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S4 ,! SAME WAS TRUE ( ! ,UNION ,RIV] ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S ( ! ,VOLGA ,BAS9 :]E1 DUE TO ! WORK ( COMRADE ,ANOSOV1 ! UNION PUBLICATION TOOK A DEF9ITE ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ /&4 

,CAPTURE ( TRADE UNIONS 

,ALL ?AT1 H[EV]1 WAS DE/ROY$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,! 9DU/RIAL PR9CIPLE UND]LY+ ! PROCESS ( M]G+ UNIONS 9TO L>GE UNITS BECAME A USEFUL WEAPON 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE ! ,BOL%EVIKS BEGAN TO CONSOLIDATE ?OSE UNIONS :I* !Y DEEM$ UNRELIABLE1 FROM ! VIEWPO9T ( !IR [N BASIC DRIVE = DOM9ATION4 ,! MOVE WAS TO M]GE SU* UNIONS 9 ! G5]AL MASS & SCATT] ! LEAD+ ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ WORK]S 9 UNIONS CONSID]$ 0RELIABLE0 FROM !IR PO9T ( VIEW4 ,?US W5T D[N A NUMB] ( ,AN>*I/-M9D$ TRADE UNIONS2 ! UNION ( TELEGRAPH WORK]S 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ( P]FUM]Y WORK]S 9 ,MOSC[1 ( WAT] TRANSPORT WORK]S 9 ,KAZAN1 ! ORGANIZATIONS ( SOME IMPORTANT RAILROAD JUNCTIONS ( ,MOSC[ & ,KURSK1 :]E COMRADES LIKE ,KOVALEVI* & ,DVUMJANTZEV PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT ROLE4 

,DUE TO ?IS MEASURE & TO 9T5SIFI$ C5TRALIZATION1 C\PL$ ) UNSCRUPUL\S JUGGL+ ( VOTES &1 9 SOME PLACES1 ! SEV]E MEASURES APPLI$ BY ! AU?ORITIES1 ! ADM9I/RATIVE BODIES FELL 9TO ! H&S ( ,COMMUNI/S4 ,! ,SECOND ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONV5TION ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS 7#a#i#a#i7 FURNI%ES AN APT EXAMPLE ( ?IS PROCESS ( CAPTUR+ ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,AT ?AT CONV5TION ! NUMB] ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ & SYMPA!TIC DELEGATES WAS ONLY #a#e4 ,?AT IS1 !Y REPRES5T$ ONLY #e#b1#i#e1 AT A MOM5T :5 ! WORK]S' SYMPA?IES = ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM W]E NOTICEABLY ON ! 9CREASE1 A FACT ACC5TUAT$ BY A CONCURR5T L[]+ ( ! /&+ ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ! EYES ( ! WORK]S4 ,! /&+ RULES ( ! CONV5TION DEPRIV$ ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S ( ! RI<T TO HAVE !IR [N SPEAK] ON ! IMPORTANT QUE/IONS ON ! AG5DA4 ,AT ! ?IRD CONV5TION1 9 #a#i#b1 !RE W]E ONLY #a ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ DELEGATES 79CLUD+ SYMPA?IZ]S7 REPRES5T+ ONLY #c#e1#c PEOPLE4 

,?OSE CONV5TIONS FULLY DEMON/RAT$ ! FAILURE ( ! TACTICS ADVOCAT$ BY ,GOLOS ,TR\DA1 :I* C>RI$ WEI<T ) ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S ( ,RUSSIA4 7,! AU?OR WAS ON ! /AFF ( ,GOLOS ,TR\DA1 BUT ?IS DOES NOT DET] HIM FROM ACKN[L$G+ ! ]RORS MADE BY ! PAP]47 ,! LACK ( PURELY REVOLUTION>Y UNIONS HA/5$ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,AN>*I/ & ,SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5TS4 ,SCATT]$ ?R\<\T ! ,BOL%EVIK UNIONS1 ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ =CES C\LD NOT %[ ANY RESI/ANCE & W]E FLATT5$ BY ! IRON POLICY ( ! 0,DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,PROLET>IAT04 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( #aib ONLY ONE UNION 9 ,MOSC[ HELD \T = ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ L9E4 ,?IS WAS ! ,BAK]S' ,UNION1 :OSE ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ ORI5TATION WAS DUE TO ! WORK ( \R COMRADE ,N4 ,I4 ,PAVLOV4 7,! LATT]1 H[EV]1 RECANT$ HIS ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ VIEWS UND] ! PRESSURE ( ! ,G,P,U1 ?IS BE+ ! PRICE PAID BY HIM = HIS LIB]TY4 ,PAVLOV MADE ! /ATEM5T DISAV[+ HIS ,AN>*I/ VIEWS ON RELEASE FROM PRISON74 ,A CONTRIBUT+ FACTOR TO ! P]SI/5CE ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,BAK]S' ,UNION WAS ! WORK ( ! ,MAXIMALI/S1 ,NIU%5KOV & ,KAMY%EV4 

,AT ! ,SECOND ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONV5TION1 ! ,BAK]S' ,UNION DELEGATION CONTA9$ A 0,F$]ALI/0 FACTION NUMB]+ T5 TO FIFTE5 PEOPLE1 :OSE FOLL[+ EXT5D$ TO NE>LY A ?IRD ( ! UNION MEMB]%IP4 ,AT ?AT CONV5TION1 ! FIR/ ATTEMPT WAS MADE 7,MAXIM(F1 ,NIU%5KOV1 ,PAVLOV7 TO ORGANIZE AN UND]GR\ND REVOLUTION>Y ,F$]ATION ( ,FOOD ,WORK]S4 ,?IS WAS TO BE ! FIR/ /EP T[>DS ORGANIZ+ A ,RUSSIAN ,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR4 ,! MOVE WAS TO HAVE BE5 A G5U9E ATTEMPT BY ! ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ,RUSSIAN ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S TO C>RY \T ! BASIC PO9TS ( ITS PROGRAM4 ,9 VIEW ( ! REPRESSIONS :I* SOON BEGAN1 ! COMMITTEE ( ! ABOVE-M5TION$ COMRADES1 ELECT$ AT ! MEET+ ( ! FACTION ( ! CONV5TION1 DID NOT EV5 GET A *ANCE TO />T ITS WORK1 AS PLANN$ AT ! MEET+4 ,?IS WAS ! LA/ VIVID MANIFE/ATION ( ! /RUGGLE WAG$ BY ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM )9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,/ATE-CONTROLL$ TRADE UNION 

,C5TRALIZATION & T]ROR 

,! PROGRAM ( ! ,RUSSIAN TRADE UNION MOVEM5T WAS AS FOLL[S3 C5TRALIZATION1 COMPULSORY MEMB]%IP1 COMPULSORY DISCIPL9E IMPOS$ BY DISCIPL9>Y C\RTS1 ! TUTELAGE ( ! POLITICAL P>TY 7! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ?IS CASE71 MILIT>IZATION ( LABOR1 COMPULSORY LABOR S]VICE1 LABOR >MIES1 ! ATTA*M5T ( WORK]S TO !IR PLACES ( WORK1 NATIONALIZATION ( PRODUCTION 9DIVIDUAL MANAGEM5T 79/EAD ( COLLECTIVE ADM9I/RATION7 GRADUAT$ WAGE SCALES 7#c#f CATEGORIES71 9TRODUCTION ( SWEAT%OP SY/EM1 ,TAYLORISM1 PIECEWORK1 BONUSES1 PREMIUM SY/EMS1 ETC4 ,WORK]S CONTROL & WORK]S' MANAGEM5T W]E PROSCRIB$ & UNCONDITIONAL SUPPORT ( ! GOV]NM5T WAS DEM&$4  

,! POLICY & PROGRAM ( ! TRADE UNIONS WAS :OLLY DET]M9$ 7& /ILL IS7 BY ! POLICIES & PROGRAM ( ! 0,COMMUNI/ ,GOV]NM5T04 ,AT PRES5T1 & ?IS HAS BE5 TRUE = A NUMB] ( YE>S1 ! UNIONS1 OR RA!R !IR ADM9I/RATIVE C5T]S1 HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! PROLET>IAN MASSES4 ,!Y ONLY MIRROR ! POLICY ( ! GOV]NM5T1 FULFILL+ ALL ITS DEM&S AT ! EXP5SE ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,! ,SOVIET ,/ATE HAS KEPT UP ITS T]RORI/IC ME?ODS 9 SUPPRESS+ ALL OPPOSITION )9 UNIONS1 MET+ \T BRUTAL PUNI%M5T TO ANYONE VIOLAT+ GOV]NM5T DECREES1 :I* >E 9IMICAL TO ! WORK]S4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT ! UNIONS PROV$ TO BE ONE ( ! MANY GOV]NM5T REPRESSIVE AG5CIES1 WORK+ 9 CLOSE COLLABORATION ) ! O!R PUNITIVE ORGANS ( ! ,/ATE3 ! ,*E-,KA1 ,PEOPLE'S ,C\RTS1 ! ,G,P,U1 ETC4 

,! FOLL[+ IS AN APT ILLU/RATION ( ?IS T]RORI/ POLICY T[>DS WORK]S4 ,KRASNY ,NOBAT & ,URALSKY ,RABO*Y REPORT$ ! FOLL[+ CASES3 = TAK+ AN UNAU?ORIZ$ ?REE-DAY LEAVE FROM HIS FACTORY1 ONE ( ! WORK]S WAS S5T5C$ TO UNLOAD #e1 P\NDS 7#h#a TONS71 DUR+ T5 DAYS4 ,ALL ?AT TO BE DONE AFT] HIS REGUL> WORKDAY4 ,MANY O!R WORK]S W]E S5T5C$ TO COMPULSORY PRISON WORK = ! SAME 0CRIME0 ( ABS5T+ !MSELVES DUR+ WORK4 ,?IS SLAVE HOLD+ POLICY FL\RI%$1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,URAL REGION1 DUR+ ! ADM9I/RATION ( ,TROTSKY & ,PIATAKOV4 

,A GOV]NM5T 9SPECTION ( ! SANIT>Y & TE*NICAL CONDITIONS PREVAIL+ 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,COAL ,DI/RICT REVEAL$ A <A/LY PICTURE1 BY :I* EV5 ! MO/ FRI<TFUL CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION PALES 9 COMP>ISON4 ,9 ! NAME ( ! 0COMMONWEAL?01 ?AT IS ! B5EFIT ( ! ,/ATE1 WORK]S HAD TO LIVE MILES AWAY FROM ! M9ES 9 RAM%ACKLE B>RACKS BUILT ( ?9 BO>DS1 & LACK+ ELEM5T>Y CONV5I5CES1 :]E EV5 DOORS & W9D[S HAD FALL5 9TO DISUSE4 ,9 ! W9T] ! B>RACKS GAVE H>DLY ANY PROTECTION AGA9/ FRO/S & ICY W9DS4 ,!RE W]E NO TOILETS1 WORK]S BE+ COMPELL$ TO USE CESSPOOLS SURR\ND+ ! B>RACKS4 

,M9EWORK]S W]E GETT+ HALF-A-P\ND ( BREAD A DAY - ON CONDITION ?AT !Y FULFILL$ !IR DAILY WORK NORM4 ,FAIL+ ?AT1 !Y W]E DEPRIV$ ( ?IS RATION4 ,9 ADDITION1 OV]TIME WAS EXACT$ FROM ! WORK]S1 :O W]E PAID = IT ) ONE MEAL A DAY4 ,WORK]S :O DID NOT FULFILL !IR NORM W]E KEPT 9 ! M9E UNTIL !Y COMPLET$ !IR DAILY TASK4 ,& ?IS LEAVES \T ! ACC\NT ( ! FLAGRANT TYRANNY & HI<H&$ ACTIONS *>ACT]IZ+ ! ATTITUDE ( ! ADM9I/RATION TO ! WORK]S4 7,?IS DATA IS TAK5 FROM ! UNPUBLI%$ REPORT ( ! DOCTORS :O W]E C>RY+ \T ?IS 9VE/IGATION4 ,! REPORT IS KEPT AMONG ! MAT]IALS ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,SAFEGU>D+ ,LABOR1 AT ! ,LABOR ,COMMISS>IAT47 

,SU* CONDITIONS W]E ESPECIALLY PREVAL5T 9 ! LIFE ( ! ,URAL WORK]S DUR+ ! ADM9I/RATION ( ,TROTSKY & ,PIATAKOV4 ,AT ! ,IZHEVSK PLANT1 = 9/ANCE1 AN AN>*I/ WORK] NAM$ ,GORDEYEV WAS %OT = FAIL+ TO SUBMIT TO WORK DISCIPL9E 7SEE ,GOLOS ,ROSSIYI = ! FIR/ HALF ( #a#i#b#b1 ,B]L974 ,9 ,EKAT]9BURG 7N[ ,SV]DLOVSK7 WORK]S ( ! M9T W]E S5T5C$ TO H>D PRISON LABOR1 !IR 0CRIME0 BE+ 0VIOLATION ( LABOR DISCIPL9E04 

,:AT WAS ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ PROGRAM1 AS OPPOS$ TO ?AT ( ! GOV]NM5T-CONTROLL$ 0COMMUNI/ UNIONS08 ,BRIEFLY1 IT WAS ?AT ! ,/ATE - EV5 ! SO-CALL$ B5EVOL5T ,/ATE - IS ! 5EMY ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT FOLL[S1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! FIR/ TASK ( ! TRADE UNIONS %\LD BE TO EMANCIPATE !MSELVES FROM ,/ATE CAPTIVITY1 TO EMPHASIZE ! SIGNIFICANCE ( 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) ?IS PREMISE ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S BUILT !IR PROGRAM & TACTICS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN TRADE UNION MOVEM5T4 

,! ,AU?OR 

,G,R,E,G,O,R,I ,P,E,T,R,O,V,I,* ,M,A,X,I,M,(,F WAS BORN ON ,NOVEMB] #a1 #a#h#i#c1 9 ! ,RUSSIAN VILLAGE ( ,MITU%9O1 PROV9CE ( ,SMOL5SK4 ,AFT] /UDY+ = ! PRIE/HOOD1 HE REALIZ$ ?IS WAS NOT HIS VOCATION & W5T TO ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 :]E HE GRADUAT$ AS AN AGRONOMI/ AT ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,ACADEMY 9 #a#i#a#e4 ,HE JO9$ ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 :ILE A /UD5T1 WAS AN ACTIVE PROPAG&I/ &1 AFT] ! #aiag REVOLUTION1 JO9$ ! ,R$ ,>MY4 ,:5 ! ,BOL%EVIKS US$ ! ,>MY = POLICE WORK & = DIS>M+ ! WORK]S1 HE REFUS$ TO OBEY ORD]S & WAS S5T5C$ TO DEA?4 ,! SOLID>ITY ( ! /EELWORK]S' UNION SAV$ HIS LIFE4 

,HE $IT$ ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ PAP]S ,GOLOS ,TR\DA 7,VOICE ( ,LABOR7 & ,NOVY ,GOLOS ,TR\DA 7,NEW ,VOICE ( ,LABOR74 ,>RE/$ ON ,M>* #h1 #a#i#b#a1 DUR+ ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT1 HE WAS HELD ) O!R COMRADES 9 ! ,TAGANKA ,PRISON1 ,MOSC[4 ,F\R MON?S LAT] HE W5T ON HUNG] /RIKE = T5 & A HALF DAYS & 5D$ IT ONLY :5 ! 9T]V5TION ( ,EUROPEAN ,SYNDICALI/S1 ATT5D+ A CONGRESS ( ! ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION ,9T]NATIONAL1 SECUR$ = HIM & HIS COMRADES ! POSSIBILITY TO SEEK EXILE ABROAD4 

,HE W5T TO ,B]L91 :]E HE $IT$ ,RABOT*I ,PUT 7,LABOR'S ,PA?71 A PAP] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,SYNDICALI/S 9 EXILE4 ,?REE YE>S LAT] HE W5T TO ,P>IS1 !N TO ! ,U4,S41 :]E HE SETTL$ 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,!RE HE $IT$ ,GOLOS ,TRUZH5IKA 7,WORK]'S ,VOICE7 & LAT] ,DIELO ,TR\DA-,PROBUZHD5IE 7,LABOR'S ,CAUSE-,AWAK5+7 UNTIL HIS DEA? ON ,M>* #a#f1 #a#i#e4 ,HIS WRIT+S 9CLUDE ,! ,GUILLOT9E AT ,WORK 7#a#i#d71 A FULLY-DOCUM5T$ HI/ORY ( #b YE>S' ,BOL%EVIK T]ROR 9 ,RUSSIA1 EXTRACTS FROM :I* =M ! PRES5T PAMPHLET2 ,CON/RUCTIVE ,AN>*ISM 7#a#i#e#b7 & A COMPREH5SIVE SELECTION FROM ! WRIT+S ( ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,BAKUN9 -,SCI5TIFIC ,AN>*ISM 7#a#i#e#c74 ,! LA/ TWO W]E PUBLI%$ PO/HUM\SLY4 

,MAXIM(F DI$ :ILE YET 9 ! PRIME ( LIFE1 AS ! RESULT ( HE>T TR\BLE1 & WAS M\RN$ BY ALL :O HAD ! GOOD =TUNE TO KN[ HIM4 ,HE WAS NOT ONLY A LUCID ?9K]1 BUT A MAN ( /A9LESS *>ACT] & BROAD HUMAN UND]/&+4  ,& HE WAS A :OLE P]SON1 9 :OM CL>ITY ( ?\<T & W>M? ( FEEL+ W]E UNIT$ 9 ! HAPPIE/ WAY4 ,HE LIV$ AS AN ,AN>*I/1 NOT BECAUSE HE FELT SOME SORT ( DUTY TO DO SO1 IMPOS$ FROM \TSIDE1 BUT BECAUSE HE C\LD NOT DO O!RWISE1 = HIS 9N]MO/ BE+ ALWAYS CAUS$ HIM TO ACT AS HE FELT & ?\<T4 

,R,U,D,O,L,P,H ,R,O,C,K,] 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #g1 #bag 3 ,SYNDICALI/S 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,SYNDICALI/S 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/