,*APT] 1 ,SECTION 4#c 

#ahdfahdf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,TEXT 3 

,PR\DHON1 ,PI]RE ,JOSEPH4 ,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMICAL ,CONTRADICTIONS3 OR1 ! ,PHILOSOPHY (  
,MIS]Y 

,ELECTRONIC ,TEXT ,C5T]1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,VIRG9IA ,LIBR>Y 

,I,I,I4 

  

,IT REMA9S = ME TO TELL :Y1 9 A WORK ON POLITICAL ECONOMY1 ,I HAVE FELT IT NECESS>Y TO />T ) ! FUNDAM5TAL HYPO!SIS ( ALL PHILOSOPHY4 

,& FIR/1 ,I NE$ ! HYPO!SIS ( ,GOD TO E/ABLI% ! AU?ORITY ( SOCIAL SCI5CE4 -- ,:5 ! A/RONOM]1 TO EXPLA9 ! SY/EM ( ! WORLD1 JUDG+ SOLELY FROM APPE>ANCE1 SUPPOSES1 ) ! VULG>1 ! SKY >*$1 ! E>? FLAT1 ! SUN MU* LIKE A FOOTBALL1 DESCRIB+ A CURVE 9 ! AIR FROM EA/ TO WE/1 HE SUPPOSES ! 9FALLIBILITY ( ! S5SES1 RES]V+ ! RI<T TO RECTIFY SUBSEQU5TLY1 AFT] FUR!R OBS]VATION1 ! DATA ) :I* HE IS OBLIG$ TO />T4 ,A/RONOMIC PHILOSOPHY1 9 FACT1 C\LD NOT ADMIT A PRIORI ?AT ! S5SES DECEIVE US1 & ?AT WE DO NOT SEE :AT WE DO SEE3 ADMITT+ SU* A PR9CIPLE1 :AT W\LD BECOME ( ! C]TA9TY ( A/RONOMY8 ,BUT ! EVID5CE ( ! S5SES BE+ ABLE1 9 C]TA9 CASES1 TO RECTIFY & COMPLETE ITSELF1 ! AU?ORITY ( ! S5SES REMA9S UN%AK51 & A/RONOMY IS POSSIBLE4 

,SO SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY DOES NOT ADMIT A PRIORI ?AT HUMANITY CAN ]R OR BE DECEIV$ 9 ITS ACTIONS3 IF IT %\LD1 :AT W\LD BECOME ( ! AU?ORITY ( ! HUMAN RACE1 ?AT IS1 ! AU?ORITY ( REASON1 SYNONYM\S AT BOTTOM ) ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! PEOPLE8 ,BUT IT ?9KS ?AT HUMAN JUDGM5TS1 ALWAYS TRUE AT ! TIME !Y >E PRON\NC$1 CAN SUCCESSIVELY COMPLETE & ?R[ LI<T ON EA* O!R1 9 PROPORTION TO ! ACQUISITION ( IDEAS1 9 SU* A WAY AS TO MA9TA9 CONT9UAL H>MONY BETWE5 UNIV]SAL REASON & 9DIVIDUAL SPECULATION1 & 9DEF9ITELY EXT5D ! SPH]E ( C]TA9TY3 :I* IS ALWAYS AN AFFIRMATION ( ! AU?ORITY ( HUMAN JUDGM5TS4 

,N[1 ! FIR/ JUDGM5T ( ! REASON1 ! PREAMBLE ( EV]Y POLITICAL CON/ITUTION SEEK+ A SANCTION & A PR9CIPLE1 IS NECESS>ILY ?IS3 ,!RE IS A ,GOD2 :I* MEANS ?AT SOCIETY IS GOV]N$ ) DESIGN1 PREM$ITATION1 9TELLIG5CE4 ,?IS JUDGM5T1 :I* EXCLUDES *ANCE1 IS1 !N1 ! F\NDATION ( ! POSSIBILITY ( A SOCIAL SCI5CE2 & EV]Y HI/ORICAL & POSITIVE /UDY ( SOCIAL FACTS1 UND]TAK5 ) A VIEW TO AMELIORATION & PROGRESS1 MU/ SUPPOSE1 ) ! PEOPLE1 ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD1 RES]V+ ! RI<T TO ACC\NT = ?IS JUDGM5T AT A LAT] P]IOD4 

,?US ! HI/ORY ( SOCIETY IS TO US BUT A LONG DET]M9ATION ( ! IDEA ( ,GOD1 A PROGRESSIVE REVELATION ( ! DE/9Y ( MAN4 ,& :ILE ANCI5T WISDOM MADE ALL DEP5D ON ! >BITR>Y & FANCIFUL NOTION ( ,DIV9ITY1 OPPRESS+ REASON & CONSCI5CE1 & >RE/+ PROGRESS ?R\< FE> ( AN 9VISIBLE MA/]1 ! NEW PHILOSOPHY1 REV]S+ ! ME?OD1 TRAMPL+ ON ! AU?ORITY ( ,GOD AS WELL AS ?AT ( MAN1 & ACCEPT+ NO O!R YOKE ?AN ?AT ( FACT & EVID5CE1 MAKES ALL CONV]GE T[>D ! !OLOGICAL HYPO!SIS1 AS T[>D ! LA/ ( ITS PROBLEMS4 

,HUMANIT>IAN A!ISM IS1 !RE=E1 ! LA/ /EP 9 ! MORAL & 9TELLECTUAL 5FRAN*ISEM5T ( MAN1 CONSEQU5TLY ! LA/ PHASE ( PHILOSOPHY1 S]V+ AS A PA?WAY TO ! SCI5TIFIC RECON/RUCTION & V]IFICATION ( ALL ! DEMOLI%$ DOGMAS4 

,I NE$ ! HYPO!SIS ( ,GOD1 NOT ONLY1 AS ,I HAVE JU/ SAID1 TO GIVE A MEAN+ TO HI/ORY1 BUT ALSO TO LEGITIMATE ! RE=MS TO BE EFFECT$1 9 ! NAME ( SCI5CE1 9 ! ,/ATE4 

,:E!R WE CONSID] ,DIV9ITY AS \TSIDE ( SOCIETY1 :OSE MOVEM5TS IT GOV]NS FROM ON HI< 7A :OLLY GRATUIT\S & PROBABLY ILLUSORY OP9ION72 OR :E!R WE DEEM IT IMMAN5T 9 SOCIETY & ID5TICAL ) ?AT IMP]SONAL & UNCONSCI\S REASON :I*1 ACT+ 9/9CTIVELY1 MAKES CIVILIZATION ADVANCE 7AL?\< IMP]SONALITY & IGNORANCE ( SELF >E CONTR>Y TO ! IDEA ( 9TELLIG5CE72 OR :E!R1 F9ALLY1 ALL ?AT IS ACCOMPLI%$ 9 SOCIETY RESULTS FROM ! RELATION ( ITS ELEM5TS 7A SY/EM :OSE :OLE M]IT CONSI/S 9 *ANG+ AN ACTIVE 9TO A PASSIVE1 9 MAK+ 9TELLIG5CE NECESSITY1 OR1 :I* AM\NTS TO ! SAME ?+1 9 TAK+ LAW = CAUSE71 -- IT ALWAYS FOLL[S ?AT ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( SOCIAL ACTIVITY1 NECESS>ILY APPE>+ TO US EI!R AS 9DICATIONS ( ! WILL ( ! ,SUPREME ,BE+1 OR AS A SORT ( LANGUAGE TYPICAL ( G5]AL & IMP]SONAL REASON1 OR1 F9ALLY1 AS L&M>KS ( NECESSITY1 >E ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY = US4 ,BE+ CONNECT$ 9 TIME AS WELL AS 9 SPIRIT1 ! FACTS ACCOMPLI%$ DET]M9E & LEGITIMATE ! FACTS TO BE ACCOMPLI%$2 SCI5CE & DE/9Y >E 9 ACCORD2 EV]Y?+ :I* HAPP5S RESULT+ FROM REASON1 &1 RECIPROCALLY1 REASON JUDG+ ONLY FROM EXP]I5CE ( ?AT :I* HAPP5S1 SCI5CE HAS A RI<T TO P>TICIPATE 9 GOV]NM5T1 & ?AT :I* E/ABLI%ES ITS COMPET5CY AS A C\NSELOR JU/IFIES ITS 9T]V5TION AS A SOV]EIGN4 

,SCI5CE1 EXPRESS$1 RECOGNIZ$1 & ACCEPT$ BY ! VOICE ( ALL AS DIV9E1 IS QUE5 ( ! WORLD4 ,?US1 ?ANKS TO ! HYPO!SIS ( ,GOD1 ALL CONS]VATIVE OR RETROGRESSIVE OPPOSITION1 EV]Y DILATORY PLEA (F]$ BY !OLOGY1 TRADITION1 OR SELFI%NESS1 F9DS ITSELF P]EMPTORILY & IRREVOCABLY SET ASIDE4 

,I NE$ ! HYPO!SIS ( ,GOD TO %[ ! TIE :I* UNITES CIVILIZATION ) ,NATURE4 

,9 FACT1 ?IS A/ONI%+ HYPO!SIS1 BY :I* MAN IS ASSIMILAT$ TO ! ABSOLUTE1 IMPLY+ ID5TITY ( ! LAWS ( ,NATURE & ! LAWS ( REASON1 5ABLES US TO SEE 9 HUMAN 9DU/RY ! COMPLEM5T ( CREATIVE ACTION1 UNITES MAN ) ! GLOBE :I* HE 9HABITS1 &1 9 ! CULTIVATION ( ! DOMA9 9 :I* ,PROVID5CE HAS PLAC$ US1 :I* ?US BECOMES 9 P>T \R WORK1 GIVES US A CONCEPTION ( ! PR9CIPLE & 5D ( ALL ?+S4 ,IF1 !N1 HUMANITY IS NOT ,GOD1 IT IS A CONT9UATION ( ,GOD2 OR1 IF A DIFF]5T PHRASEOLOGY BE PREF]R$1 ?AT :I* HUMANITY DOES TODAY BY DESIGN IS ! SAME ?+ ?AT IT BEGAN BY 9/9CT1 & :I* ,NATURE SEEMS TO ACCOMPLI% BY NECESSITY4 ,9 ALL !SE CASES1 & :I*EV] OP9ION WE MAY *OOSE1 ONE ?+ REMA9S C]TA93 ! UNITY ( ACTION & LAW4 ,9TELLIG5T BE+S1 ACTORS 9 AN 9TELLIG5TLY-DEVIS$ FABLE1 WE MAY FE>LESSLY REASON FROM \RSELVES TO ! UNIV]SE & ! ET]NAL2 &1 :5 WE %ALL HAVE COMPLET$ ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 MAY SAY ) PRIDE1 ,! CREATION IS EXPLA9$4 

,?US PHILOSOPHY'S FIELD ( EXPLORATION IS FIX$2 TRADITION IS ! />T+-PO9T ( ALL SPECULATION AS TO ! FUTURE2 UTOPIA IS =EV] EXPLOD$2 ! /UDY ( ! ME1 TRANSF]R$ FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL CONSCI5CE TO ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! SOCIAL WILL1 ACQUIRES ! *>ACT] ( OBJECTIVITY ( :I* IT HAS BE5 HI!RTO DEPRIV$2 &1 HI/ORY BECOM+ PSY*OLOGY1 !OLOGY AN?ROPOLOGY1 ! NATURAL SCI5CES METAPHYSICS1 ! !ORY ( ! REASON IS D$UC$ NO LONG] FROM ! VACUUM ( ! 9TELLECT1 BUT FROM ! 9NUM]ABLE =MS ( A ,NATURE ABUNDANTLY & DIRECTLY OBS]VABLE4 

,I NE$ ! HYPO!SIS ( ,GOD TO PROVE MY GOOD-WILL T[>DS A MULTITUDE ( SECTS1 :OSE OP9IONS ,I DO NOT %>E1 BUT :OSE MALICE ,I FE>3 -- !I/S2 ,I KN[ ONE :O1 9 ! CAUSE ( ,GOD1 W\LD BE READY TO DRAW SWORD1 &1 LIKE ,ROBESPI]RE1 USE ! GUILLOT9E UNTIL ! LA/ A!I/ %\LD BE DE/ROY$1 NOT DREAM+ ?AT ?AT A!I/ W\LD BE HIMSELF2 -- MY/ICS1 :OSE P>TY1 L>GELY MADE UP ( /UD5TS & WOM5 M>*+ UND] ! BANN] ( ,M,M4 ,LAM5NAIS1 ,QU9ET1 ,L]\X1 & O!RS1 HAS TAK5 = A MOTTO1 0,LIKE MA/]1 LIKE MAN20 LIKE ,GOD1 LIKE PEOPLE2 &1 TO REGULATE ! WAGES ( ! WORK+MAN1 BEG9S BY RE/OR+ RELIGION2 -- SPIRITUALI/S1 :O1 %\LD ,I OV]LOOK ! RI<TS ( SPIRIT1 W\LD ACCUSE ME ( E/ABLI%+ ! WOR%IP ( MATT]1 AGA9/ :I* ,I PROTE/ ) ALL ! /R5G? ( MY S\L2 -- S5SUALI/S & MAT]IALI/S1 TO :OM ! DIV9E DOGMA IS ! SYMBOL ( CON/RA9T & ! PR9CIPLE ( 5SLAVEM5T ( ! PASSIONS1 \TSIDE ( :I*1 !Y SAY1 !RE IS = MAN NEI!R PLEASURE1 NOR VIRTUE1 NOR G5IUS2 -- ECLECTICS & SKEPTICS1 SELL]S & PUBLI%]S ( ALL ! OLD PHILOSOPHIES1 BUT NOT PHILOSOPH]S !MSELVES1 UNIT$ 9 ONE VA/ BRO!RHOOD1 ) APPROBATION & PRIVILEGE1 AGA9/ :OEV] ?9KS1 BELIEVES1 OR AFFIRMS )\T !IR P]MISSION2 -- CONS]VATIVES F9ALLY1 RETROGRESSIVES1 EGOTI/S1 & HYPOCRITES1 PREA*+ ! LOVE ( ,GOD BY HATR$ ( !IR NEI<BOR1 ATTRIBUT+ TO LIB]TY ! WORLD'S MIS=TUNES S9CE ! DELUGE1 & SC&ALIZ+ REASON BY !IR FOOLI%NESS4 

,IS IT POSSIBLE1 H[EV]1 ?AT !Y WILL ATTACK AN HYPO!SIS :I*1 F> FROM BLASPHEM+ ! REV]$ PHANTOMS ( FAI?1 ASPIRES ONLY TO EXHIBIT !M 9 BROAD DAYLI<T2 :I*1 9/EAD ( REJECT+ TRADITIONAL DOGMAS & ! PREJUDICES ( CONSCI5CE1 ASKS ONLY TO V]IFY !M2 :I*1 :ILE DEF5D+ ITSELF AGA9/ EXCLUSIVE OP9IONS1 TAKES = AN AXIOM ! 9FALLIBILITY ( REASON1 &1 ?ANKS TO ?IS FRUITFUL PR9CIPLE1 WILL D\BTLESS NEV] DECIDE AGA9/ ANY ( ! ANTAGONI/IC SECTS8 ,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT ! RELIGI\S & POLITICAL CONS]VATIVES WILL *>GE ME ) DI/URB+ ! ORD] ( SOCIETY1 :5 ,I />T ) ! HYPO!SIS ( A SOV]EIGN 9TELLIG5CE1 ! S\RCE ( EV]Y ?\<T ( ORD]2 ?AT ! SEMI-,*RI/IAN DEMOCRATS WILL CURSE ME AS AN 5EMY ( ,GOD1 & CONSEQU5TLY A TRAITOR TO ! REPUBLIC1 :5 ,I AM SEEK+ = ! MEAN+ & CONT5T ( ! IDEA ( ,GOD2 & ?AT ! TRADESM5 ( ! UNIV]SITY WILL IMPUTE TO ME ! IMPIETY ( DEMON/RAT+ ! NON-VALUE ( !IR PHILOSOPHICAL PRODUCTS1 :5 ,I AM ESPECIALLY MA9TA9+ ?AT PHILOSOPHY %\LD BE /UDI$ 9 ITS OBJECT1 -- ?AT IS1 9 ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( SOCIETY & ,NATURE8 4 4 4 4 

,I NE$ ! HYPO!SIS ( ,GOD TO JU/IFY MY /YLE4 

,9 MY IGNORANCE ( EV]Y?+ REG>D+ ,GOD1 ! WORLD1 ! S\L1 & DE/9Y2 =C$ TO PROCE$ LIKE ! MAT]IALI/1 -- ?AT IS1 BY OBS]VATION & EXP]I5CE1 -- & TO CONCLUDE 9 ! LANGUAGE ( ! BELIEV]1 BECAUSE !RE IS NO O!R2 NOT KN[+ :E!R MY =MULAS1 !OLOGICAL 9 SPITE ( ME1 W\LD BE TAK5 LIT]ALLY OR FIGURATIVELY2 9 ?IS P]PETUAL CONTEMPLATION ( ,GOD1 MAN1 & ?+S1 OBLIG$ TO SUBMIT TO ! SYNONYMY ( ALL ! T]MS 9CLUD$ 9 ! ?REE CATEGORIES ( ?\<T1 SPEE*1 & ACTION1 BUT WI%+ TO AFFIRM NO?+ ON EI!R ONE SIDE OR ! O!R1 -- RIGOR\S LOGIC DEM&$ ?AT ,I %\LD SUPPOSE1 NO MORE1 NO LESS1 ?IS UNKN[N ?AT IS CALL$ ,GOD4 ,WE >E FULL ( ,DIV9ITY1 ,JOVIS OMNIA PL5A2 \R MONUM5TS1 \R TRADITIONS1 \R LAWS1 \R IDEAS1 \R LANGUAGES1 & \R SCI5CES1 ALL >E 9FECT$ BY ?IS 9DELIBLE SUP]/ITION \TSIDE ( :I* WE CAN NEI!R SPEAK NOR ACT1 & )\T :I* WE DO NOT EV5 ?9K4 

,F9ALLY1 ,I NE$ ! HYPO!SIS ( ,GOD TO EXPLA9 ! PUBLICATION ( !SE NEW MEMOIRS4 

,\R SOCIETY FEELS ITSELF BIG ) EV5TS1 & IS ANXI\S AB\T ! FUTURE3 H[ ACC\NT = !SE VAGUE PRES5TIM5TS BY ! SOLE AID ( A UNIV]SAL REASON1 IMMAN5T IF Y\ WILL1 & P]MAN5T1 BUT IMP]SONAL1 & !RE=E DUMB1 OR BY ! IDEA ( NECESSITY1 IF IT IMPLIES ?AT NECESSITY IS SELF-CONSCI\S1 & CONSEQU5TLY HAS PRES5TIM5TS8 ,!RE REMA9S !N1 ONCE MORE1 AN AG5T OR NI<TM>E :I* WEI<S UPON SOCIETY1 & GIVES IT VISIONS4 

,N[1 :5 SOCIETY PROPHESIES1 IT PUTS QUE/IONS 9 ! M\?S ( SOME1 & ANSW]S 9 ! M\?S ( O!RS4 ,& WISE1 !N1 HE :O CAN LI/5 & UND]/&2 = ,GOD HIMSELF HAS SPOK51 QUIA LOCUTUS E/ ,DEUS4 

,! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL & ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CES HAS PROPOS$ ! FOLL[+ QUE/ION3 -- 

0,TO DET]M9E ! G5]AL FACTS :I* GOV]N ! RELATIONS ( PR(ITS TO WAGES1 & TO EXPLA9 !IR RESPECTIVE OSCILLATIONS40 

,A FEW YE>S AGO ! SAME ,ACADEMY ASK$1 0,:AT >E ! CAUSES ( MIS]Y80 ,! N9ETE5? C5TURY HAS1 9 FACT1 BUT ONE IDEA1 -- EQUALITY & RE=M4 ,BUT ! W9D BL[E? :]E IT LI/E?3 MANY BEGAN TO REFLECT UPON ! QUE/ION1 NO ONE ANSW]$ IT4 ,! COLLEGE ( >USPICES HAS1 !RE=E1 R5EW$ ITS QUE/ION1 BUT 9 MORE SIGNIFICANT T]MS4 ,IT WI%ES TO KN[ :E!R ORD] PREVAILS 9 ! WORK%OP2 :E!R WAGES >E EQUITABLE2 :E!R LIB]TY & PRIVILEGE COMP5SATE EA* O!R JU/LY2 :E!R ! IDEA ( VALUE1 :I* CONTROLS ALL ! FACTS ( EX*ANGE1 IS1 9 ! =MS 9 :I* ! ECONOMI/S HAVE REPRES5T$ IT1 SUFFICI5TLY EXACT2 :E!R CR$IT PROTECTS LABOR2 :E!R CIRCULATION IS REGUL>2 :E!R ! BURD5S ( SOCIETY WEI< EQUALLY ON ALL1 ETC4 

,&1 9DE$1 9SUFFICI5CY ( 9COME BE+ ! IMM$IATE CAUSE ( MIS]Y1 IT IS FITT+ ?AT WE %\LD KN[ :Y1 MIS=TUNE & MALEVOL5CE ASIDE1 ! WORK+MAN'S 9COME IS 9SUFFICI5T4 ,IT IS /ILL ! SAME QUE/ION ( 9EQUALITY ( =TUNES1 :I* HAS MADE SU* A /IR = A C5TURY PA/1 & :I*1 BY A /RANGE FATALITY1 CONT9UALLY REAPPE>S 9 ACADEMIC PROGRAMS1 AS IF !RE LAY ! REAL DIFFICULTY ( MOD]N TIMES4 

,EQUALITY1 !N1 -- ITS PR9CIPLE1 ITS MEANS1 ITS OB/ACLES1 ITS !ORY1 ! MOTIVES ( ITS PO/PONEM5T1 ! CAUSE ( SOCIAL & PROVID5TIAL 9IQUITIES1 -- !SE ! WORLD HAS GOT TO LE>N1 9 SPITE ( ! SNE]S ( 9CR$ULITY4 

,I KN[ WELL ?AT ! VIEWS ( ! ,ACADEMY >E NOT ?US PR(\ND1 & ?AT IT EQUALS A C\NCIL ( ! ,*UR* 9 ITS HORROR ( NOVELTIES2 BUT ! MORE IT TURNS T[>DS ! PA/1 ! MORE IT REFLECTS ! FUTURE1 & ! MORE1 CONSEQU5TLY1 MU/ WE BELIEVE 9 ITS 9SPIRATION3 = ! TRUE PROPHETS >E ?OSE :O DO NOT UND]/& !IR UTT]ANCES4 ,LI/5 FUR!R4 

0,:AT10 ! ,ACADEMY HAS ASK$1 0>E ! MO/ USEFUL APPLICATIONS ( ! PR9CIPLE ( VOLUNT>Y & PRIVATE ASSOCIATION ?AT WE CAN MAKE = ! ALLEVIATION ( MIS]Y80 

,& AGA93 -- 

0,TO EXP\ND ! !ORY & PR9CIPLES ( ! CONTRACT ( 9SURANCE1 TO GIVE ITS HI/ORY1 & TO D$UCE FROM ITS RATIONALE & ! FACTS ! DEVELOPM5TS ( :I* ?IS CONTRACT IS CAPABLE1 & ! V>I\S USEFUL APPLICATIONS POSSIBLE 9 ! PRES5T /ATE ( COMM]CIAL & 9DU/RIAL PROGRESS40 

,PUBLICI/S ADMIT ?AT 9SURANCE1 A RUDIM5T>Y =M ( COMM]CIAL SOLID>ITY1 IS AN ASSOCIATION 9 ?+S1 SOCIETAS 9 RE2 ?AT IS1 A SOCIETY :OSE CONDITIONS1 F\ND$ ON PURELY ECONOMICAL RELATIONS1 ESCAPE MAN'S >BITR>Y DICTATION4 ,SO ?AT A PHILOSOPHY ( 9SURANCE OR MUTUAL GU>ANTEE ( SECURITY1 :I* %ALL BE D$UC$ FROM ! G5]AL !ORY ( REAL 79 RE7 SOCIETIES1 WILL CONTA9 ! =MULA ( UNIV]SAL ASSOCIATION1 9 :I* NO MEMB] ( ! ,ACADEMY BELIEVES4 ,& :51 UNIT+ SUBJECT & OBJECT 9 ! SAME PO9T ( VIEW1 ! ,ACADEMY DEM&S1 BY ! SIDE ( A !ORY ( ASSOCIATION ( 9T]E/S1 A !ORY ( VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION1 IT REVEALS TO US ! MO/ P]FECT =M ( SOCIETY1 & !REBY AFFIRMS ALL ?AT IS MO/ AT V>IANCE ) ITS CONVICTIONS4 ,LIB]TY1 EQUALITY1 SOLID>ITY1 ASSOCIATION6 ,BY :AT 9CONCEIVABLE BLUND] HAS SO EM95TLY CONS]VATIVE A BODY (F]$ TO ! CITIZ5S ?IS NEW PROGRAM ( ! RI<TS ( MAN8 ,IT WAS 9 ?IS WAY ?AT ,CAIAPHAS PROPHESI$ R$EMPTION BY DIS[N+ ,JESUS ,*RI/4 

,UPON ! FIR/ ( !SE QUE/IONS1 =TY-FIVE MEMOIRS W]E ADDRESS$ TO ! ,ACADEMY )9 TWO YE>S1 -- A PRO( ?AT ! SUBJECT WAS M>VEL\SLY WELL SUIT$ TO ! /ATE ( ! PUBLIC M9D4 ,BUT AMONG SO MANY COMPETITORS NO ONE HAV+ BE5 DEEM$ WOR?Y ( ! PRIZE1 ! ,ACADEMY HAS )DRAWN ! QUE/ION2 ALLEG+ AS A REASON ! 9CAPACITY ( ! COMPETITORS1 BUT 9 REALITY BECAUSE1 ! FAILURE ( ! CONTE/ BE+ ! SOLE OBJECT ?AT ! ,ACADEMY HAD 9 VIEW1 IT BEHOOV$ IT TO DECL>E1 )\T FUR!R DELAY1 ?AT ! HOPES ( ! FRI5DS ( ASSOCIATION W]E GR\NDLESS4 

,?US1 !N1 ! G5TLEM5 ( ! ,ACADEMY DISAV[1 9 !IR SESSION-*AMB]1 !IR ANN\NCEM5TS FROM ! TRIPOD6 ,!RE IS NO?+ 9 SU* A CONTRADICTION A/ONI%+ TO ME2 & MAY ,GOD PRES]VE ME FROM CALL+ IT A CRIME6 ,! ANCI5TS BELIEV$ ?AT REVOLUTIONS ANN\NC$ !IR ADV5T BY DREADFUL SIGNS1 & ?AT AMONG O!R PRODIGIES ANIMALS SPOKE4 ,?IS WAS A FIGURE1 DESCRIPTIVE ( ?OSE UNEXPECT$ IDEAS & /RANGE WORDS :I* CIRCULATE SUDD5LY AMONG ! MASSES AT CRITICAL MOM5TS1 & :I* SEEM TO BE 5TIRELY )\T HUMAN ANTEC$5T1 SO F> REMOV$ >E !Y FROM ! SPH]E ( ORD9>Y JUDGM5T4 ,AT ! TIME 9 :I* WE LIVE1 SU* A ?+ C\LD NOT FAIL TO OCCUR4 ,AFT] HAV+1 BY A PROPHETIC 9/9CT & A ME*ANICAL SPONTANEITY1 PECUDESQUE LOCUTAE1 PROCLAIM$ ASSOCIATION1 ! G5TLEM5 ( ! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL & ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CES HAVE RETURN$ TO !IR ORD9>Y PRUD5CE2 & ) !M CU/OM HAS CONQU]$ 9SPIRATION4 ,LET US LE>N1 !N1 H[ TO DI/+UI% HEAV5LY C\NSEL FROM ! 9T]E/$ JUDGM5TS ( M51 & HOLD IT = C]TA9 ?AT1 9 ! DISC\RSE ( SAGES1 ?AT IS ! MO/ TRU/WOR?Y TO :I* !Y HAVE GIV5 ! LEA/ REFLECTION4 

,NEV]!LESS ! ,ACADEMY1 9 BREAK+ SO RUDELY ) ITS 9TUITIONS1 SEEMS TO HAVE FELT SOME REMORSE4 ,9 PLACE ( A !ORY ( ASSOCIATION 9 :I*1 AFT] REFLECTION1 IT NO LONG] BELIEVES1 IT ASKS = A 0,CRITICAL EXAM9ATION ( ,PE/ALOZZI'S SY/EM ( 9/RUCTION & $UCATION1 CONSID]$ MA9LY 9 ITS RELATION TO ! WELL-BE+ & MORALITY ( ! POOR CLASSES40 ,:O KN[S8 P]*ANCE ! RELATION BETWE5 PR(ITS & WAGES1 ASSOCIATION1 ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR 9DE$1 >E TO BE F\ND AT ! BOTTOM ( A SY/EM ( 9/RUCTION4 ,IS NOT MAN'S LIFE A P]PETUAL APPR5TICE%IP8 ,>E NOT PHILOSOPHY & RELIGION HUMANITY'S $UCATION8 ,TO ORGANIZE 9/RUCTION1 !N1 W\LD BE TO ORGANIZE 9DU/RY & FIX ! !ORY ( SOCIETY3 ! ,ACADEMY1 9 ITS LUCID MOM5TS1 ALWAYS RETURNS TO ?AT4 

0,:AT 9FLU5CE10 ! ,ACADEMY AGA9 ASKS1 0DO PROGRESS & A DESIRE = MAT]IAL COM=T HAVE UPON A NATION'S MORALITY80 

,TAK5 9 ITS MO/ OBVI\S S5SE1 ?IS NEW QUE/ION ( ! ,ACADEMY IS COMMONPLACE1 & FIT AT BE/ TO EX]CISE A RHETORISIAN'S SKILL4 ,BUT ! ,ACADEMY1 :I* MU/ CONT9UE TILL ! 5D 9 ITS IGNORANCE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SIGNIFICANCE ( ITS ORACLES1 HAS DRAWN ASIDE ! CURTA9 9 ITS COMM5T>Y4 ,:AT1 !N1 SO PR(\ND HAS IT DISCOV]$ 9 ?IS ,EPICUREAN !SIS8 

0,! DESIRE = LUXURY & ITS 5JOYM5TS10 IT TELLS US2 0! S+UL> LOVE ( IT FELT BY ! MAJORITY2 ! T5D5CY ( HE>TS & M9DS TO OCCUPY !MSELVES ) IT EXCLUSIVELY2 ! AGREEM5T ( 9DIVIDUALS ,& ,! ,/,A,T,E 9 MAK+ IT ! MOTIVE & ! 5D ( ALL !IR PROJECTS1 ALL !IR EF=TS1 & ALL !IR SACRIFICES1 -- 5G5D] G5]AL OR 9DIVIDUAL FEEL+S :I*1 B5EFIC5T OR 9JURI\S1 BECOME PR9CIPLES ( ACTION MORE POT5T1 P]HAPS1 ?AN ANY :I* HAVE H]ET(ORE GOV]N$ M540 

,NEV] HAD MORALI/S A MORE FAVORABLE OPPORTUNITY TO ASSAIL ! S5SUALISM ( ! C5TURY1 ! V5ALITY ( CONSCI5CES1 & ! CORRUPTION 9/ITUT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T3 9/EAD ( ?AT1 :AT DOES ! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL ,SCI5CES DO8 ,) ! MO/ AUTOMATIC CALMNESS1 IT E/ABLI%ES A S]IES 9 :I* LUXURY1 SO LONG PROSCRIB$ BY ! /OICS & ASCETICS1 -- ?OSE MA/]S ( HOL9ESS1 -- MU/ APPE> 9 ITS TURN AS A PR9CIPLE ( CONDUCT AS LEGITIMATE1 AS PURE1 & AS GR& AS ALL ?OSE =M]LY 9VOK$ BY RELIGION & PHILOSOPHY4 ,DET]M9E1 IT TELLS US1 ! MOTIVES ( ACTION 7UND\BT$LY N[ OLD & WORN-\T7 ( :I* ,L,U,X,U,R,Y IS HI/ORICALLY ! PROVID5TIAL SUCCESSOR1 &1 FROM ! RESULTS ( ! =M]1 CALCULATE ! EFFECTS ( ! LATT]4 ,PROVE1 9 %ORT1 ?AT ,>I/IPPUS WAS ONLY 9 ADVANCE ( HIS C5TURY1 & ?AT HIS SY/EM ( MORALITY MU/ HAVE ITS DAY1 AS WELL AS ?AT ( ,Z5O & ,A ,KEMPIS4 

,WE >E DEAL+1 !N1 ) A SOCIETY :I* NO LONG] WI%ES TO BE POOR2 :I* MOCKS AT EV]Y?+ ?AT WAS ONCE DE> & SACR$ TO IT1 -- LIB]TY1 RELIGION1 & GLORY1 -- SO LONG AS IT HAS NOT WEAL?2 :I*1 TO OBTA9 IT1 SUBMITS TO ALL \TRAGES1 & BECOMES AN ACCOMPLICE 9 ALL SORTS ( C[>DLY ACTIONS3 & ?IS BURN+ ?IR/ = PLEASURE1 ?IS IRRESI/IBLE DESIRE TO >RIVE AT LUXURY1 -- A SYMPTOM ( A NEW P]IOD 9 CIVILIZATION1 -- IS ! SUPREME COMM&M5T BY VIRTUE ( :I* WE >E TO LABOR = ! ABOLITION ( POV]TY3 ?US SAI? ! ,ACADEMY4 ,:AT BECOMES1 !N1 ( ! DOCTR9E ( EXPIATION & AB/95CE1 ! MORALITY ( SACRIFICE1 RESIGNATION1 & HAPPY MOD]ATION8 ,:AT DI/RU/ ( ! COMP5SATION PROMIS$ 9 ! O!R LIFE1 & :AT A CONTRADICTION ( ! ,GOSPEL6 ,BUT1 ABOVE ALL1 :AT A JU/IFICATION ( A GOV]NM5T :I* HAS ADOPT$ AS ITS SY/EM ! GOLD5 KEY6 ,:Y HAVE RELIGI\S M51 ,*RI/IANS1 ,S5ECAS1 GIV5 UTT]ANCE 9 CONC]T TO SO MANY IMMORAL MAXIMS8 

,! ,ACADEMY1 COMPLET+ ITS ?\<T1 WILL REPLY TO US3 -- 

0,%[ H[ ! PROGRESS ( CRIM9AL JU/ICE1 9 ! PROSECUTION & PUNI%M5T ( ATTACKS UPON P]SONS & PROP]TY1 FOLL[S & M>KS ! AGES ( CIVILIZATION FROM ! SAVAGE CONDITION UP TO ?AT ( ! BE/-GOV]N$ NATIONS40 

,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT ! CRIM9AL LAWY]S 9 ! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL ,SCI5CES =ESAW ! CONCLUSION ( !IR PREMISES8 ,! FACT :OSE HI/ORY IS N[ TO BE /UDI$1 & :I* ! ,ACADEMY DESCRIBES BY ! WORDS 0PROGRESS ( CRIM9AL JU/ICE10 IS SIMPLY ! GRADUAL MITIGATION :I* MANIFE/S ITSELF1 BO? 9 ! =MS ( CRIM9AL EXAM9ATIONS & 9 ! P5ALTIES 9FLICT$1 9 PROPORTION AS CIVILIZATION 9CREASES 9 LIB]TY1 LI<T1 & WEAL?4 ,SO ?AT1 ! PR9CIPLE ( REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS BE+ ! DIRECT OPPOSITE ( ALL ?OSE ON :I* ! WELF>E ( SOCIETY DEP5DS1 !RE IS A CON/ANT ELIM9ATION ( ALL P>TS ( ! P5AL SY/EM AS WELL AS ALL JUDICIAL P>APH]NALIA1 & ! F9AL 9F]5CE FROM ?IS MOVEM5T IS ?AT ! GU>ANTEE ( ORD] LIES NEI!R 9 FE> NOR PUNI%M5T2 CONSEQU5TLY1 NEI!R 9 HELL NOR RELIGION4 

,:AT A SUBV]SION ( RECEIV$ IDEAS6 ,:AT A D5IAL ( ALL ?AT IT IS ! BUS9ESS ( ! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL ,SCI5CES TO DEF5D6 ,BUT1 IF ! GU>ANTEE ( ORD] NO LONG] LIES 9 ! FE> ( A PUNI%M5T TO BE SUFF]$1 EI!R 9 ?IS LIFE OR 9 ANO!R1 :]E !N >E TO BE F\ND ! GU>ANTEES PROTECTIVE ( P]SONS & PROP]TY8 ,OR RA!R1 )\T REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS1 :AT BECOMES ( PROP]TY8 ,& )\T PROP]TY1 :AT BECOMES ( ! FAMILY8 

,! ,ACADEMY1 :I* KN[S NO?+ ( ALL !SE ?+S1 REPLIES )\T AGITATION3 -- 

0,REVIEW ! V>I\S PHASES ( ! ORGANIZATION ( ! FAMILY UPON ! SOIL ( ,FRANCE FROM ANCI5T TIMES D[N TO \R DAY40 

,:I* MEANS3 ,DET]M9E1 BY ! PREVI\S PROGRESS ( FAMILY ORGANIZATION1 ! CONDITIONS ( ! EXI/5CE ( ! FAMILY 9 A /ATE ( EQUALITY ( =TUNES1 VOLUNT>Y & FREE ASSOCIATION1 UNIV]SAL SOLID>ITY1 MAT]IAL COM=T & LUXURY1 & PUBLIC ORD] )\T PRISONS1 C\RTS1 POLICE1 OR HANGM54 

,!RE WILL BE A/ONI%M5T1 P]HAPS1 AT F9D+ ?AT ! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL & ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CES1 AFT] HAV+1 LIKE ! BOLDE/ 9NOVATORS1 CALL$ 9 QUE/ION ALL ! PR9CIPLES ( SOCIAL ORD]1 -- RELIGION1 FAMILY1 PROP]TY1 JU/ICE1 -- HAS NOT ALSO PROPOS$ ?IS PROBLEM3 ,:AT IS ! BE/ =M ( GOV]NM5T8 ,9 FACT1 GOV]NM5T IS = SOCIETY ! S\RCE ( ALL 9ITIATIVE1 EV]Y GU>ANTEE1 EV]Y RE=M4 ,IT W\LD BE1 !N1 9T]E/+ TO KN[ :E!R ! GOV]NM5T1 AS CON/ITUT$ BY ! ,*>T]1 IS ADEQUATE TO ! PRACTICAL SOLUTION ( ! ,ACADEMY'S QUE/IONS4  

,BUT IT W\LD BE A MISCONCEPTION ( ! ORACLES TO IMAG9E ?AT !Y PROCE$ BY 9DUCTION & ANALYSIS2 & PRECISELY BECAUSE ! POLITICAL PROBLEM WAS A CONDITION OR COROLL>Y ( ! DEMON/RATIONS ASK$ =1 ! ,ACADEMY C\LD NOT (F] IT = COMPETITION4 ,SU* A CONCLUSION W\LD HAVE OP5$ ITS EYES1 &1 )\T WAIT+ = ! MEMOIRS ( ! COMPETITORS1 IT W\LD HAVE HA/5$ TO SUPPRESS ITS 5TIRE PROGRAM4 ,! ,ACADEMY HAS APPROA*$ ! QUE/ION FROM ABOVE4 ,IT HAS SAID3 -- 

,! WORKS ( ,GOD >E BEAUTIFUL 9 !IR [N ESS5CE1 JU/IFICATA 9 SEMET IPSA2 !Y >E TRUE1 9 A WORD1 BECAUSE !Y >E HIS4 ,! ?\<TS ( MAN RESEMBLE D5SE VAPORS PI]C$ BY LONG & N>R[ FLA%ES4 ,:AT1 !N1 IS ! TRU? 9 RELATION TO US1 & :AT IS ! *>ACT] ( C]TA9TY8 

,AS IF ! ,ACADEMY HAD SAID TO US3 ,Y\ %ALL V]IFY ! HYPO!SIS ( Y\R EXI/5CE1 ! HYPO!SIS ( ! ,ACADEMY :I* 9T]ROGATES Y\1 ! HYPO!SES ( TIME1 SPACE1 MOTION1 ?\<T1 & ! LAWS ( ?\<T4 ,!N Y\ MAY V]IFY ! HYPO!SIS ( PAUP]ISM1 ! HYPO!SIS ( 9EQUALITY ( CONDITIONS1 ! HYPO!SIS ( UNIV]SAL ASSOCIATION1 ! HYPO!SIS ( HAPP9ESS1 ! HYPO!SES ( MON>*Y & REPUBLICANISM1 ! HYPO!SIS ( ,PROVID5CE6 4 4 4 4 

,A COMPLETE CRITICISM ( ,GOD & HUMANITY4 

,I PO9T TO ! PROGRAM ( ! HONORABLE SOCIETY3 IT IS NOT ,I :O HAVE FIX$ ! CONDITIONS ( MY TASK1 IT IS ! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL & ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CES4 ,N[1 H[ CAN ,I SATISFY !SE CONDITIONS1 IF ,I AM NOT MYSELF 5D[$ ) 9FALLIBILITY2 9 A WORD1 IF ,I AM NOT ,GOD OR DIV9E8 ,! ,ACADEMY ADMITS1 !N1 ?AT DIV9ITY & HUMANITY >E ID5TICAL1 OR AT LEA/ CORRELATIVE2 BUT ! QUE/ION N[ IS 9 :AT CONSI/S ?IS CORRELATION3 SU* IS ! MEAN+ ( ! PROBLEM ( C]TA9TY1 SU* IS ! OBJECT ( SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY4 

,?US1 !N1 9 ! NAME ( ! SOCIETY ?AT ,GOD 9SPIRES1 AN ,ACADEMY QUE/IONS4 

,9 ! NAME ( ! SAME SOCIETY1 ,I AM ONE ( ! PROPHETS :O ATTEMPT TO ANSW]4 ,! TASK IS AN IMM5SE ONE1 & ,I DO NOT PROMISE TO ACCOMPLI% IT3 ,I WILL GO AS F> AS ,GOD %ALL GIVE ME /R5G?4 ,BUT1 :ATEV] ,I MAY SAY1 IT DOES NOT COME FROM ME3 ! ?\<T :I* 9SPIRES MY P5 IS NOT P]SONAL1 & NO?+ ?AT ,I WRITE CAN BE ATTRIBUT$ TO ME4 ,I %ALL GIVE ! FACTS AS ,I HAVE SE5 !M2 ,I %ALL JUDGE !M BY :AT ,I %ALL HAVE SAID2 ,I %ALL CALL EV]Y?+ BY ITS /RONGE/ NAME1 & NO ONE WILL TAKE (F5SE4 ,I %ALL 9QUIRE FREELY1 & BY ! RULES ( DIV9ATION :I* ,I HAVE LE>N$1 9TO ! MEAN+ ( ! DIV9E PURPOSE :I* IS N[ EXPRESS+ ITSELF ?R\< ! ELOQU5T LIPS ( SAGES & ! 9>TICULATE WAIL+S ( ! PEOPLE3 &1 ?\< ,I %\LD D5Y ALL ! PR]OGATIVES GU>ANTE$ BY \R ,CON/ITUTION1 ,I %ALL NOT BE FACTI\S4 ,I %ALL PO9T MY F+] :I!R AN 9VISIBLE 9FLU5CE IS PU%+ US2 & NEI!R MY ACTION NOR MY WORDS %ALL BE IRRITAT+4 ,I %ALL /IR UP ! CL\D1 &1 ?\< ,I %\LD CAUSE IT TO LAUN* ! ?UND]BOLT1 ,I %\LD BE 9NOC5T4 ,9 ?IS SOLEMN 9VE/IGATION TO :I* ! ,ACADEMY 9VITES ME1 ,I HAVE MORE ?AN ! RI<T TO TELL ! TRU?1 -- ,I HAVE ! RI<T TO SAY :AT ,I ?9K3 MAY MY ?\<T1 MY WORDS1 & ! TRU? BE BUT ONE & ! SAME ?+6 

,& Y\1 READ]1 -- = )\T A READ] !RE IS NO WRIT]1 -- Y\ >E HALF ( MY WORK4 ,)\T Y\1 ,I AM ONLY S\ND+ BRASS2 ) ! AID ( Y\R ATT5TION1 ,I WILL SPEAK M>VELS4 ,DO Y\ SEE ?IS PASS+ :IRLW9D CALL$ ,S,O,C,I,E,T,Y1 FROM :I* BUR/ =?1 ) />TL+ BRILLIANCY1 LI<TN+S1 ?UND]S1 & VOICES8 ,I WI% TO CAUSE Y\ TO PLACE Y\R F+] ON ! HIDD5 SPR+S :I* MOVE IT2 BUT TO ?AT 5D Y\ MU/ R$UCE Y\RSELF AT MY COMM& TO A /ATE ( PURE 9TELLIG5CE4 ,! EYES ( LOVE & PLEASURE >E P[]LESS TO RECOGNIZE BEAUTY 9 A SKELETON1 H>MONY 9 NAK$ VISC]A1 LIFE 9 D>K & COAGULAT$ BLOOD3 CONSEQU5TLY ! SECRETS ( ! SOCIAL ORGANISM >E A SEAL$ LETT] TO ! MAN :OSE BRA9 IS BECL\D$ BY PASSION & PREJUDICE4 ,SU* SUBLIMITIES >E UNATTA9ABLE EXCEPT BY COLD & SIL5T CONTEMPLATION4 ,SUFF] ME1 !N1 BE=E REVEAL+ TO Y\R EYES ! LEAVES ( ! BOOK ( LIFE1 TO PREP>E Y\R S\L BY ?IS SKEPTICAL PURIFICATION :I* ! GREAT TEA*]S ( ! PEOPLE -- ,SOCRATES1 ,JESUS ,*RI/1 ,/4 ,PAUL1 ,/4 ,REMI1 ,BACON1 ,DESC>TES1 ,GALILEO1 ,KANT1 ETC4 -- HAVE ALWAYS CLAIM$ ( !IR DISCIPLES4 

,:OEV] Y\ MAY BE1 CLAD 9 ! RAGS ( MIS]Y OR DECK$ 9 ! SUMPTU\S VE/M5TS ( LUXURY1 ,I RE/ORE Y\ TO ?AT /ATE ( LUM9\S NUDITY :I* NEI!R ! FUMES ( WEAL? NOR ! POISONS ( 5VI\S POV]TY DIM4 ,H[ P]SUADE ! RI* ?AT ! DIFF]5CE ( CONDITIONS >ISES FROM AN ]ROR 9 ! ACC\NTS2 & H[ CAN ! POOR1 9 !IR BEGG>Y1 CONCEIVE ?AT ! PROPRIETOR POSSESSES 9 GOOD FAI?8 ,TO 9VE/IGATE ! SUFF]+S ( ! LABOR] IS TO ! IDL] ! MO/ 9TOL]ABLE ( AMUSEM5TS2 JU/ AS TO DO JU/ICE TO ! =TUNATE IS TO ! MIS]ABLE ! BITT]E/ ( DRAFTS4 

,Y\ OCCUPY A HI< POSITION3 ,I /RIP Y\ ( IT2 !RE Y\ >E1 FREE4 ,!RE IS TOO MU* OPTIMISM B5EA? ?IS (FICIAL CO/UME1 TOO MU* SUBORD9ATION1 TOO MU* IDL5ESS4 ,SCI5CE DEM&S AN 9SURRECTION ( ?\<T3 N[1 ! ?\<T ( AN (FICIAL IS HIS SAL>Y4 

,Y\R MI/RESS1 BEAUTIFUL1 PASSIONATE1 >TI/IC1 IS1 ,I LIKE TO BELIEVE1 POSSESS$ ONLY BY Y\4 ,?AT IS1 Y\R S\L1 Y\R SPIRIT1 Y\R CONSCI5CE1 HAVE PASS$ 9TO ! MO/ *>M+ OBJECT ( LUXURY ?AT NATURE & >T HAVE PRODUC$ = ! ET]NAL TORM5T ( FASC9AT$ MORTALS4 ,I SEP>ATE Y\ FROM ?IS DIV9E HALF ( Y\RSELF3 AT ! PRES5T DAY IT IS TOO MU* TO WI% = JU/ICE & AT ! SAME TIME TO LOVE A WOMAN4 ,TO ?9K ) GR&EUR & CLE>NESS1 MAN MU/ REMOVE ! L9+ ( HIS NATURE & HOLD TO HIS MASCUL9E HYPO/ASIS4 ,BESIDES1 9 ! /ATE 9 :I* ,I HAVE PUT Y\1 Y\R LOV] W\LD NO LONG] KN[ Y\3 REMEMB] ! WIFE ( ,JOB4 

,:AT IS Y\R RELIGION8 4 4 4 4 ,=GET Y\R FAI?1 &1 ?R\< WISDOM1 BECOME AN A!I/4 -- ,:AT6 Y\ SAY2 AN A!I/ 9 SPITE ( \R HYPO!SIS6 -- ,NO1 BUT BECAUSE ( \R HYPO!SIS4 ,ONE'S ?\<T MU/ HAVE BE5 RAIS$ ABOVE DIV9E ?+S = A LONG TIME TO BE 5TITL$ TO SUPPOSE A P]SONALITY BEYOND MAN1 A LIFE BEYOND ?IS LIFE4 ,= ! RE/1 HAVE NO FE>S = Y\R SALVATION4 ,GOD IS NOT ANGRY ) ?OSE :O >E L$ BY REASON TO D5Y HIM1 ANY MORE ?AN HE IS ANXI\S = ?OSE :O >E L$ BY FAI? TO WOR%IP HIM2 &1 9 ! /ATE ( Y\R CONSCI5CE1 ! SURE/ C\RSE = Y\ IS TO ?9K NO?+ AB\T HIM4 ,DO Y\ NOT SEE ?AT IT IS ) RELIGION AS ) GOV]NM5TS1 ! MO/ P]FECT ( :I* W\LD BE ! D5IAL ( ALL8 ,!N LET NO POLITICAL OR RELIGI\S FANCY HOLD Y\R S\L CAPTIVE2 9 ?IS WAY ONLY CAN Y\ N[ KEEP FROM BE+ EI!R A DUPE OR A R5EGADE4 ,AH6 SAID ,I 9 ! DAYS ( MY 5?USIA/IC Y\?1 %ALL ,I NOT HE> ! TOLL+ = ! SECOND VESP]S ( ! REPUBLIC1 & \R PRIE/S1 DRESS$ 9 :ITE TUNICS1 S++ AFT] ! ,DORIC FA%ION ! RETURN+ HYMN3 ,*ANGE O ,DIEU1 NOT] S]VITUDE1 COMME LE V5T DU DES]T 5 UN S\FFLE RAFRAI*ISSAN6 4 4 4 4 4 ,BUT ,I HAVE DESPAIR$ ( REPUBLICANS1 & NO LONG] KN[ EI!R RELIGION OR PRIE/S4 

,I %\LD LIKE ALSO1 9 ORD] TO ?OR\<LY SECURE Y\R JUDGM5T1 DE> READ]1 TO R5D] Y\R S\L 9S5SIBLE TO PITY1 SUP]IOR TO VIRTUE1 9DIFF]5T TO HAPP9ESS4 ,BUT ?AT W\LD BE TOO MU* TO EXPECT ( A NEOPHYTE4 ,REMEMB] ONLY1 & NEV] =GET1 ?AT PITY1 HAPP9ESS1 & VIRTUE1 LIKE C\NTRY1 RELIGION1 & LOVE1 >E MASKS4 4 4 4 

,*APT] #a 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I4 ,( ,! ,E,C,O,N,O,M,I,C ,S,C,I,5,C,E4 

,FROM 3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,VIRG9IA ,LIBR>Y4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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