,*APT] #a1 ,SECTION #a4#a 
,OPPOSITION ,BETWE5 ,F,A,C,T & ,R,I,<,T 9 ,SOCIAL ,ECONOMY 

#ahdfahdf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,TEXT 3 

,PR\DHON1 ,PI]RE ,JOSEPH4 ,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMICAL ,CONTRADICTIONS3 OR1 ! ,PHILOSOPHY (  
,MIS]Y 

,ELECTRONIC ,TEXT ,C5T]1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,VIRG9IA ,LIBR>Y 

#a4 -- ,OPPOSITION BETWE5 ,F,A,C,T & ,R,I,<,T 9 SOCIAL ECONOMY4 

  

,I ,A,F,F,I,R,M ! ,R,E,A,L,I,T,Y ( AN ECONOMIC SCI5CE4 

,?IS PROPOSITION1 :I* FEW ECONOMI/S N[ D>E TO QUE/ION1 IS ! BOLDE/1 P]HAPS1 ?AT A PHILOSOPH] EV] MA9TA9$2 & ! 9QUIRIES TO FOLL[ WILL PROVE1 ,I HOPE1 ?AT ITS DEMON/RATION WILL ONE DAY BE DEEM$ ! GREATE/ EF=T ( ! HUMAN M9D4 

,I AFFIRM1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! ABSOLUTE C]TA9TY AS WELL AS ! PROGRESSIVE NATURE ( ECONOMIC SCI5CE1 ( ALL ! SCI5CES 9 MY OP9ION ! MO/ COMPREH5SIVE1 ! PURE/1 ! BE/ SUPPORT$ BY FACTS3 A NEW PROPOSITION1 :I* ALT]S ?IS SCI5CE 9TO LOGIC OR METAPHYSICS 9 CONCRETO1 & RADICALLY *ANGES ! BASIS ( ANCI5T PHILOSOPHY4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ECONOMIC SCI5CE IS TO ME ! OBJECTIVE =M & REALIZATION ( METAPHYSICS2 IT IS METAPHYSICS 9 ACTION1 METAPHYSICS PROJECT$ ON ! VANI%+ PLANE ( TIME2 & :OEV] /UDIES ! LAWS ( LABOR & EX*ANGE IS TRULY & SPECIALLY A METAPHYSICIAN4 

,AFT] :AT ,I HAVE SAID 9 ! 9TRODUCTION1 !RE IS NO?+ 9 ?IS :I* %\LD SURPRISE ANY ONE4 ,! LABOR ( MAN CONT9UES ! WORK ( ,GOD1 :O1 9 CREAT+ ALL BE+S1 DID BUT EXT]NALLY REALIZE ! ET]NAL LAWS ( REASON4 ,ECONOMIC SCI5CE IS1 !N1 NECESS>ILY & AT ONCE A !ORY ( IDEAS1 A NATURAL !OLOGY1 & A PSY*OLOGY4 ,?IS G5]AL \TL9E ALONE W\LD HAVE SUFFIC$ TO EXPLA9 :Y1 HAV+ TO TREAT ( ECONOMIC MATT]S1 ,I WAS OBLIG$ PREVI\SLY TO SUPPOSE ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD1 & BY :AT TITLE ,I1 A SIMPLE ECONOMI/1 ASPIRE TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM ( C]TA9TY4 

,BUT ,I HA/5 TO SAY ?AT ,I DO NOT REG>D AS A SCI5CE ! 9COH]5T 5SEMBLE ( !ORIES TO :I* ! NAME POLITICAL ECONOMY HAS BE5 (FICIALLY GIV5 = ALMO/ A HUNDR$ YE>S1 & :I*1 9 SPITE ( ! ETYMOLOGY ( ! NAME1 IS AFT] AIL BUT ! CODE1 OR IMMEMORIAL R\T9E1 ( PROP]TY4 ,!SE !ORIES (F] US ONLY ! RUDIM5TS1 OR FIR/ SECTION1 ( ECONOMIC SCI5CE2 & ?AT IS :Y1 LIKE PROP]TY1 !Y >E ALL CONTRADICTORY ( EA* O!R1 & HALF ! TIME 9APPLICABLE4 ,! PRO( ( ?IS ASS]TION1 :I* IS1 9 ONE S5SE1 A D5IAL ( POLITICAL ECONOMY AS H&$ D[N TO US BY ,ADAM ,SMI?1 ,RIC>DO1 ,MAL?US1 & ,J4 ,B4 ,SAY1 & AS WE HAVE KN[N IT = HALF A C5TURY1 WILL BE ESPECIALLY DEVELOP$ 9 ?IS TREATISE4 

,! 9ADEQUACY ( POLITICAL ECONOMY HAS AT ALL TIMES IMPRESS$ ?\<TFUL M9DS1 :O1 TOO FOND ( !IR DREAMS = PRACTICAL 9VE/IGATION1 & CONF9+ !MSELVES TO ! E/IMATION ( APP>5T RESULTS1 HAVE CON/ITUT$ FROM ! BEG9N+ A P>TY ( OPPOSITION TO ! /ATUS QUO1 & HAVE DEVOT$ !MSELVES TO P]SEV]+1 & SY/EMATIC RIDICULE ( CIVILIZATION & ITS CU/OMS4 ,PROP]TY1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! BASIS ( ALL SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 HAS NEV] LACK$ ZEAL\S DEF5D]S1 :O1 PR\D TO BE CALL$ PRACTICAL1 HAVE EX*ANG$ BL[ = BL[ ) ! TRADUC]S ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 & HAVE LABOR$ ) A C\RAGE\S & (T5 SKILLFUL H& TO /R5G!N ! $IFICE :I* G5]AL PREJUDICE & 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY HAVE ]ECT$ 9 CONC]T4 ,! CONTROV]SY BETWE5 CONS]VATIVES & RE=M]S1 /ILL P5D+1 F9DS ITS C\NT]P>T1 9 ! HI/ORY ( PHILOSOPHY1 9 ! QU>REL BETWE5 REALI/S & NOM9ALI/S2 IT IS ALMO/ USELESS TO ADD ?AT1 ON BO? SIDES1 RI<T & WRONG >E EQUAL1 & ?AT ! RIVALRY1 N>R[NESS1 & 9TOL]ANCE ( OP9IONS HAVE BE5 ! SOLE CAUSE ( ! MISUND]/&+4 

,?US TWO P[]S >E CONT5D+ = ! GOV]NM5T ( ! WORLD1 & CURS+ EA* O!R ) ! F]VOR ( TWO HO/ILE RELIGIONS3 POLITICAL ECONOMY1 OR TRADITION2 & SOCIALISM1 OR UTOPIA4 

,:AT IS1 !N1 9 MORE EXPLICIT T]MS1 POLITICAL ECONOMY8 ,:AT IS SOCIALISM8 

,POLITICAL ECONOMY IS A COLLECTION ( ! OBS]VATIONS ?US F> MADE 9 REG>D TO ! PH5OM5A ( ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL?2 ?AT IS1 9 REG>D TO ! MO/ COMMON1 MO/ SPONTANE\S1 & !RE=E MO/ G5U9E1 =MS ( LABOR & EX*ANGE4 

,! ECONOMI/S HAVE CLASSIFI$ !SE OBS]VATIONS AS F> AS !Y W]E ABLE2 !Y HAVE DESCRIB$ ! PH5OM5A1 & ASC]TA9$ !IR CONT+5CIES & RELATIONS2 !Y HAVE OBS]V$ 9 !M1 9 MANY CASES1 A QUALITY ( NECESSITY :I* HAS GIV5 !M ! NAME ( LAWS2 & ?IS 5SEMBLE ( 9=MATION1 GA!R$ FROM ! SIMPLE/ MANIFE/ATIONS ( SOCIETY1 CON/ITUTES POLITICAL ECONOMY4 

,POLITICAL ECONOMY IS1 !RE=E1 ! NATURAL HI/ORY ( ! MO/ APP>5T & MO/ UNIV]SALLY ACCR$IT$ CU/OMS1 TRADITIONS1 PRACTICES1 & ME?ODS ( HUMANITY 9 ALL ?AT CONC]NS ! PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL?4 ,BY ?IS TITLE1 POLITICAL ECONOMY CONSID]S ITSELF LEGITIMATE 9 FACT & 9 RI<T3 9 FACT1 BECAUSE ! PH5OM5A :I* IT /UDIES >E CON/ANT1 SPONTANE\S1 & UNIV]SAL2 9 RI<T1 BECAUSE !SE PH5OM5A RE/ ON ! AU?ORITY ( ! HUMAN RACE1 ! /RONGE/ AU?ORITY POSSIBLE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 POLITICAL ECONOMY CALLS ITSELF A SCI5CE2 ?AT IS1 A RATIONAL & SY/EMATIC KN[L$GE ( REGUL> & NECESS>Y FACTS4 

,SOCIALISM1 :I*1 LIKE ! GOD ,VI%NU1 EV] DY+ & EV] RETURN+ TO LIFE1 HAS EXP]I5C$ )9 A SCORE ( YE>S ITS T5-?\S&? 9C>NATION 9 ! P]SONS ( FIVE OR SIX REVELATORS1 -- SOCIALISM AFFIRMS ! IRREGUL>ITY ( ! PRES5T CON/ITUTION ( SOCIETY1 &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 ( ALL ITS PREVI\S =MS4 ,IT ASS]TS1 & PROVES1 ?AT ! ORD] ( CIVILIZATION IS >TIFICIAL1 CONTRADICTORY1 9ADEQUATE2 ?AT IT 5G5D]S OPPRESSION1 MIS]Y1 & CRIME2 IT D5\NCES1 NOT TO SAY CALUMNIATES1 ! :OLE PA/ ( SOCIAL LIFE1 & PU%ES ON ) ALL ITS MI<T TO A RE=MATION ( MORALS & 9/ITUTIONS4 

,SOCIALISM CONCLUDES BY DECL>+ POLITICAL ECONOMY A FALSE & SOPHI/ICAL HYPO!SIS1 DEVIS$ TO 5ABLE ! FEW TO EXPLOIT ! MANY2 & APPLY+ ! MAXIM ,A FRUCTIBUS COGNOSCETIS1 IT 5DS ) A DEMON/RATION ( ! IMPOT5CE & EMPT9ESS ( POLITICAL ECONOMY BY ! LI/ ( HUMAN CALAMITIES = :I* IT MAKES IT RESPONSIBLE4 

,BUT IF POLITICAL ECONOMY IS FALSE1 JURISPRUD5CE1 :I* 9 ALL C\NTRIES IS ! SCI5CE ( LAW & CU/OM1 IS FALSE ALSO2 S9CE1 F\ND$ ON ! DI/9CTION ( ?9E & M9E1 IT SUPPOSES ! LEGITIMACY ( ! FACTS DESCRIB$ & CLASSIFI$ BY POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,! !ORIES ( PUBLIC & 9T]NATIONAL LAW1 ) ALL ! V>IETIES ( REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T1 >E ALSO FALSE1 S9CE !Y RE/ ON ! PR9CIPLE ( 9DIVIDUAL APPROPRIATION & ! ABSOLUTE SOV]EIGNTY ( WILLS4 

,ALL !SE CONSEQU5CES SOCIALISM ACCEPTS4 ,TO IT1 POLITICAL ECONOMY1 REG>D$ BY MANY AS ! PHYSIOLOGY ( WEAL?1 IS BUT ! ORGANIZATION ( ROBB]Y & POV]TY2 JU/ AS JURISPRUD5CE1 HONOR$ BY LEGI/S ) ! NAME ( WRITT5 REASON1 IS1 9 ITS EYES1 BUT A COMPILATION ( ! RUBRICS ( LEGAL & (FICIAL SPOLIATION1 -- 9 A WORD1 ( PROP]TY4 ,CONSID]$ 9 !IR RELATIONS1 !SE TWO PRET5D$ SCI5CES1 POLITICAL ECONOMY & LAW1 =M1 9 ! OP9ION ( SOCIALISM1 ! COMPLETE !ORY ( 9IQUITY & DISCORD4 ,PASS+ !N FROM NEGATION TO AFFIRMATION1 SOCIALISM OPPOSES ! PR9CIPLE ( PROP]TY ) ?AT ( ASSOCIATION1 & MAKES VIGOR\S EF=TS TO RECON/RUCT SOCIAL ECONOMY FROM TOP TO BOTTOM2 ?AT IS1 TO E/ABLI% A NEW CODE1 A NEW POLITICAL SY/EM1 ) 9/ITUTIONS & MORALS DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO ! ANCI5T =MS4 

,?US ! L9E ( DEM>CATION BETWE5 SOCIALISM & POLITICAL ECONOMY IS FIX$1 & ! HO/ILITY FLAGRANT4 

,POLITICAL ECONOMY T5DS T[>D ! GLORIFICATION ( SELFI%NESS2 SOCIALISM FAVORS ! EXALTATION ( COMMUNISM4 

,! ECONOMI/S1 SAV+ A FEW VIOLATIONS ( !IR PR9CIPLES1 = :I* !Y DEEM IT !IR DUTY TO BLAME GOV]NM5TS1 >E OPTIMI/S ) REG>D TO ACCOMPLI%$ FACTS2 ! SOCIALI/S1 ) REG>D TO FACTS TO BE ACCOMPLI%$4 

,! FIR/ AFFIRM ?AT ?AT :I* \<T TO BE IS2 ! SECOND1 ?AT ?AT :I* \<T TO BE IS NOT4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 :ILE ! FIR/ >E DEF5D]S ( RELIGION1 AU?ORITY1 & ! O!R PR9CIPLES CONTEMPOR>Y )1 & CONS]VATIVE (1 PROP]TY1 -- AL?\< !IR CRITICISM1 BAS$ SOLELY ON REASON1 DEALS FREQU5T BL[S AT !IR [N PREJUDICES1 -- ! SECOND REJECT AU?ORITY & FAI?1 & APPEAL EXCLUSIVELY TO SCI5CE1 -- AL?\< A C]TA9 RELIGIOSITY1 UTT]LY ILLIB]AL1 & AN UNSCI5TIFIC DISDA9 = FACTS1 >E ALWAYS ! MO/ OBVI\S *>ACT]I/ICS ( !IR DOCTR9ES4 

,= ! RE/1 NEI!R P>TY EV] CEASES TO ACCUSE ! O!R ( 9CAPACITY & /]ILITY4 

,! SOCIALI/S ASK !IR OPPON5TS TO ACC\NT = ! 9EQUALITY ( CONDITIONS1 = ?OSE COMM]CIAL DEBAU*]IES 9 :I* MONOPOLY & COMPETITION1 9 MON/R\S UNION1 P]PETUALLY GIVE BIR? TO LUXURY & MIS]Y2 !Y REPROA* ECONOMIC !ORIES1 ALWAYS MODEL$ AFT] ! PA/1 ) LEAV+ ! FUTURE HOPELESS2 9 %ORT1 !Y PO9T TO ! REGIME ( PROP]TY AS A HORRIBLE HALLUC9ATION1 AGA9/ :I* HUMANITY HAS PROTE/$ & /RUGGL$ = F\R ?\S& YE>S4 

,! ECONOMI/S1 ON !IR SIDE1 DEFY SOCIALI/S TO PRODUCE A SY/EM 9 :I* PROP]TY1 COMPETITION1 & POLITICAL ORGANIZATION CAN BE DISP5S$ )2 !Y PROVE1 ) DOCUM5TS 9 H&1 ?AT ALL RE=MATORY PROJECTS HAVE EV] BE5 NO?+ BUT RHAPSODIES ( FRAGM5TS BORR[$ FROM ! V]Y SY/EM ?AT SOCIALISM SNE]S AT1 -- PLAGI>ISMS1 9 A WORD1 ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 \TSIDE ( :I* SOCIALISM IS 9CAPABLE ( CONCEIV+ & =MULAT+ AN IDEA4 

,EV]Y DAY SEES ! PRO(S 9 ?IS GRAVE SUIT ACCUMULAT+1 & ! QUE/ION BECOM+ CONFUS$4 

,:ILE SOCIETY HAS TRAVEL$ & /UMBL$1 SUFF]$ & ?RIV$1 9 PURSU+ ! ECONOMIC R\T9E1 ! SOCIALI/S1 S9CE ,PY?AGORAS1 ,ORPHEUS1 & ! UNFA?OMABLE ,H]MES1 HAVE LABOR$ TO E/ABLI% !IR DOGMA 9 OPPOSITION TO POLITICAL ECONOMY4 ,A FEW ATTEMPTS AT ASSOCIATION 9 ACCORDANCE ) !IR VIEWS HAVE EV5 BE5 MADE H]E & !RE3 BUT AS YET !SE EXCEPTIONAL UND]TAK+S1 LO/ 9 ! OCEAN ( PROP]TY1 HAVE BE5 )\T RESULT2 &1 AS IF DE/9Y HAD RESOLV$ TO EXHAU/ ! ECONOMIC HYPO!SIS BE=E ATTACK+ ! SOCIALI/IC UTOPIA1 ! RE=MATORY P>TY IS OBLIG$ TO CONT5T ITSELF ) POCKET+ ! S>CASMS ( ITS ADV]S>IES :ILE WAIT+ = ITS [N TURN TO COME4 

,?IS1 !N1 IS ! /ATE ( ! CAUSE3 SOCIALISM 9CESSANTLY D5\NCES ! CRIMES ( CIVILIZATION1 V]IFIES DAILY ! P[]LESSNESS ( POLITICAL ECONOMY TO SATISFY ! H>MONIC ATTRACTIONS ( MAN1 & PRES5TS PETITION AFT] PETITION2 POLITICAL ECONOMY FILLS ITS BRIEF ) SOCIALI/IC SY/EMS1 ALL ( :I*1 ONE AFT] ANO!R1 PASS AWAY & DIE1 DESPIS$ BY COMMON S5SE4 ,! P]SI/5CE ( EVIL N\RI%ES ! COMPLA9T ( ! ONE1 :ILE ! CON/ANT SUCCESSION ( RE=MATORY *ECKS FE$S ! MALICI\S IRONY ( ! O!R4 ,:5 WILL JUDGM5T BE GIV58 ,! TRIBUNAL IS DES]T$2 MEAN:ILE1 POLITICAL ECONOMY IMPROVES ITS OPPORTUNITIES1 &1 )\T FURNI%+ BAIL1 CONT9UES TO LORD IT OV] ! WORLD2 POSSIDEO QUIA POSSIDEO4 

,IF WE DESC5D FROM ! SPH]E ( IDEAS TO ! REALITIES ( ! WORLD1 ! ANTAGONISM WILL APPE> /ILL MORE GRAVE & ?REAT5+4 

,:51 9 !SE REC5T YE>S1 SOCIALISM1 9/IGAT$ BY PROLONG$ CONVULSIONS1 MADE ITS FANTA/IC APPE>ANCE 9 \R MID/1 M5 :OM ALL CONTROV]SY HAD F\ND UNTIL !N 9DIFF]5T & LUKEW>M W5T BACK 9 FRI<T TO MON>*ICAL & RELIGI\S IDEAS2 DEMOCRACY1 :I* WAS *>G$ ) BE+ DEVELOP$ AT LA/ TO ITS ULTIMATE1 WAS CURS$ & DRIV5 BACK4 ,?IS ACCUSATION ( ! CONS]VATIVES AGA9/ ! DEMOCRATS WAS A LIBEL4 ,DEMOCRACY IS BY NATURE AS HO/ILE TO ! SOCIALI/IC IDEA AS 9CAPABLE ( FILL+ ! PLACE ( ROYALTY1 AGA9/ :I* IT IS ITS DE/9Y 5DLESSLY TO CONSPIRE4 ,?IS SOON BECAME EVID5T1 & WE >E WITNESSES ( IT DAILY 9 ! PR(ESSIONS ( ,*RI/IAN & PROPRIET>Y FAI? BY DEMOCRATIC PUBLICI/S1 :OSE AB&ONM5T BY ! PEOPLE BEGAN AT ?AT MOM5T4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 PHILOSOPHY PROVES NO LESS DI/9CT FROM SOCIALISM1 NO LESS HO/ILE TO IT1 ?AN POLITICS & RELIGION4 

,= JU/ AS 9 POLITICS ! PR9CIPLE ( DEMOCRACY IS ! SOV]EIGNTY ( NUMB]S1 & ?AT ( MON>*Y ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! PR9CE2 JU/ AS LIKEWISE 9 AFFAIRS ( CONSCI5CE RELIGION IS NO?+ BUT SUBMISSION TO A MY/ICAL BE+1 CALL$ ,GOD1 & TO ! PRIE/S :O REPRES5T HIM2 JU/ AS F9ALLY 9 ! ECONOMIC WORLD PROP]TY -- ?AT IS1 EXCLUSIVE CONTROL BY ! 9DIVIDUAL ( ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR -- IS ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE ( EV]Y !ORY1 -- SO PHILOSOPHY1 9 BAS+ ITSELF UPON ! A PRIORI ASSUMPTIONS ( REASON1 IS 9EVITABLY L$ TO ATTRIBUTE TO ! ME ALONE ! G5]ATION & AUTOCRACY ( IDEAS1 & TO D5Y ! METAPHYSICAL VALUE ( EXP]I5CE2 ?AT IS1 UNIV]SALLY TO SUB/ITUTE1 = ! OBJECTIVE LAW1 ABSOLUTISM1 DESPOTISM4 

,N[1 A DOCTR9E :I*1 SPR++ UP SUDD5LY 9 ! HE>T ( SOCIETY1 )\T ANTEC$5TS & )\T ANCE/ORS1 REJECT$ FROM EV]Y DEP>TM5T ( CONSCI5CE & SOCIETY ! >BITR>Y PR9CIPLE1 9 ORD] TO SUB/ITUTE AS SOLE TRU? ! RELATION ( FACTS2 :I* BROKE ) TRADITION1 & CONS5T$ TO MAKE USE ( ! PA/ ONLY AS A PO9T FROM :I* TO LAUN* =? 9TO ! FUTURE1 -- SU* A DOCTR9E C\LD NOT FAIL TO /IR UP AGA9/ IT ! E/ABLI%$ ,A,U,?,O,R,I,T,I,E,S2 & WE CAN SEE TODAY H[1 9 SPITE ( !IR 9T]NAL DISCORDS1 ! SAID ,A,U,?,O,R,I,T,I,E,S1 :I* >E BUT ONE1 COMB9E TO FI<T ! MON/] ?AT IS READY TO SWALL[ !M4 

,TO ! WORK+M5 :O COMPLA9 ( ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( WAGES & ! UNC]TA9TY ( LABOR1 POLITICAL ECONOMY OPPOSES ! LIB]TY ( COMM]CE2 TO ! CITIZ5S :O >E SEEK+ = ! CONDITIONS ( LIB]TY & ORD]1 ! IDEOLOGI/S RESPOND ) REPRES5TATIVE SY/EMS2 TO ! T5D] S\LS :O1 HAV+ LO/ !IR ANCI5T FAI?1 ASK ! REASON & 5D ( !IR EXI/5CE1 RELIGION PROPOSES ! UNFA?OMABLE SECRETS ( ,PROVID5CE1 & PHILOSOPHY HOLDS D\BT 9 RES]VE4 ,SUBT]FUGES ALWAYS2 COMPLETE IDEAS1 9 :I* HE>T & M9D F9D RE/1 NEV]6 ,SOCIALISM CRIES ?AT IT IS TIME TO SET SAIL = ! MA9L&1 & TO 5T] PORT3 BUT1 SAY ! ANTISOCIALI/S1 !RE IS NO PORT2 HUMANITY SAILS ONW>D 9 ,GOD'S C>E1 UND] ! COMM& ( PRIE/S1 PHILOSOPH]S1 ORATORS1 ECONOMI/S1 & \R CIRCUMNAVIGATION IS ET]NAL4 

,?US SOCIETY F9DS ITSELF1 AT ITS ORIG91 DIVID$ 9TO TWO GREAT P>TIES3 ! ONE TRADITIONAL & ESS5TIALLY HI]>*ICAL1 :I*1 ACCORD+ TO ! OBJECT IT IS CONSID]+1 CALLS ITSELF BY TURNS ROYALTY OR DEMOCRACY1 PHILOSOPHY OR RELIGION1 9 %ORT1 PROP]TY2 ! O!R SOCIALISM1 :I*1 COM+ TO LIFE AT EV]Y CRISIS ( CIVILIZATION1 PROCLAIMS ITSELF PREEM95TLY AN>*ICAL & A!I/IC2 ?AT IS1 REBELLI\S AGA9/ ALL AU?ORITY1 HUMAN & DIV9E4 

,N[1 MOD]N CIVILIZATION HAS DEMON/RAT$ ?AT 9 A CONFLICT ( ?IS NATURE ! TRU? IS F\ND1 NOT 9 ! EXCLUSION ( ONE ( ! OPPOSITES1 BUT :OLLY & SOLELY 9 ! RECONCILIATION ( ! TWO2 IT IS1 ,I SAY1 A FACT ( SCI5CE ?AT EV]Y ANTAGONISM1 :E!R 9 ,NATURE OR 9 IDEAS1 IS RESOLVABLE 9 A MORE G5]AL FACT OR 9 A COMPLEX =MULA1 :I* H>MONIZES ! OPPOS+ FACTORS BY ABSORB+ !M1 SO TO SPEAK1 9 EA* O!R4 ,CAN WE NOT1 !N1 M5 ( COMMON S5SE1 :ILE AWAIT+ ! SOLUTION :I* ! FUTURE WILL UND\BT$LY BR+ =?1 PREP>E \RSELVES = ?IS GREAT TRANSITION BY AN ANALYSIS ( ! /RUGGL+ P[]S1 AS WELL AS !IR POSITIVE & NEGATIVE QUALITIES8 ,SU* A WORK1 P]=M$ ) ACCURACY & CONSCI5TI\SNESS1 EV5 ?\< IT %\LD NOT LEAD US DIRECTLY TO ! SOLUTION1 W\LD HAVE AT LEA/ ! 9E/IMABLE ADVANTAGE ( REVEAL+ TO US ! CONDITIONS ( ! PROBLEM1 & !REBY PUTT+ US ON \R GU>D AGA9/ EV]Y =M ( UTOPIA4 

,:AT IS !RE1 !N1 9 POLITICAL ECONOMY ?AT IS NECESS>Y & TRUE2 :I!R DOES IT T5D2 :AT >E ITS P[]S2 :AT >E ITS WI%ES8 ,IT IS ?IS :I* ,I PROPOSE TO DET]M9E 9 ?IS WORK4 ,:AT IS ! VALUE ( SOCIALISM8 ,! SAME 9VE/IGATION WILL ANSW] ?IS QUE/ION ALSO4 

,= S9CE1 AFT] ALL1 SOCIALISM & POLITICAL ECONOMY PURSUE ! SAME 5D1 -- NAMELY1 LIB]TY1 ORD]1 & WELL-BE+ AMONG M51 -- IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! CONDITIONS TO BE FULFILL$ -- 9 O!R WORDS1 ! DIFFICULTIES TO BE OV]COME -- TO ATTA9 ?IS 5D1 >E ALSO ! SAME = BO?1 & ?AT IT REMA9S ONLY TO EXAM9E ! ME?ODS ATTEMPT$ OR PROPOS$ BY EI!R P>TY4 ,BUT S9CE1 MOREOV]1 IT HAS BE5 GIV5 ?US F> TO POLITICAL ECONOMY ALONE TO TRANSLATE ITS IDEAS 9TO ACTS1 :ILE SOCIALISM HAS SC>CELY DONE MORE ?AN 9DULGE 9 P]PETUAL SATIRE1 IT IS NO LESS CLE> ?AT1 9 JUDG+ ! WORKS ( ECONOMY ACCORD+ TO !IR M]IT1 WE AT ! SAME TIME %ALL R$UCE TO ITS JU/ VALUE ! 9VECTIVE ( ! SOCIALI/S3 SO ?AT \R CRITICISM1 ?\< APP>5TLY SPECIAL1 WILL LEAD TO ABSOLUTE & DEF9ITIVE CONCLUSIONS4 

,?IS IT IS NECESS>Y TO MAKE CLE>] BY A FEW EXAMPLES1 BE=E 5T]+ FULLY UPON ! EXAM9ATION ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4 

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