,TAK+ ,/OCK ( ! ,NIC>AGUAN ,UPRIS+ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CRIME?,9C4 

,TEXT 3 

,S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! UPRIS+ 9 ,NIC>AGUA1 WE HAVE PUBLI%$ REPORTS FROM AN>*I/ P>TICIPANTS 9 ,MANAGUA4 ,AFT] ?REE MON?S ( DEMON/RATIONS1 BLOCKADES1 & /REET FI<T+1 ! ,ORTEGA GOV]NM5T HAS SUCCE$$ 9 CLE>+ ! ROADS & DRIV+ MANY DISSID5TS & REBELS \T ( ! C\NTRY1 BUT NOT AT SUPPRESS+ ! REVOLT 5TIRELY4 ,9 ! FOLL[+ UPDATE1 WE CONT9UE TO GIVE VOICE TO ,NIC>AGUAN AN>*I/S AS !Y REPORT ON ! /RUGGLE 9 !IR C\NTRY & REFLECT ON ITS FUTURE4 

,BUT FIR/1 LET'S ADDRESS SOME ( ! QUE/IONS ?AT ! REVOLT HAS RAIS$4 

,SOME /ATI/S ON ! LEFT HAVE ATTEMPT$ TO FRAME ! 5TIRE UPRIS+ AS A PLOT CONCOCT$ BY ! ,U,S1 >GU+ ?AT OPPOSITION =CES 9 ,NIC>AGUA ANSW] DIRECTLY TO 0!IR ,U,S OV]LORDS0--EFFECTIVELY 5DORS+ ! KILL+S C>RI$ \T BY ,NIC>AGUAN POLICE & P>AMILIT>IES AS SOME K9D ( ANTI-IMP]IALISM4 ,FROM \R P]SPECTIVE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 LEFTI/ /ATISM HAS 5ABL$ ,ORTEGA1 A ONE-TIME REVOLUTION>Y1 TO ACCUMULATE P[] & PU% ?R\< NEOLIB]AL RE=MS1 G5]AT+ ! SAME K9D ( GRASSROOTS REVOLT ?AT HAS BROK5 \T 9 MANY O!R ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CONTEXTS 9CLUD+ ,GREECE1 ,TURKEY1 ,BOSNIA1 & ,BRAZIL4 ,?IS IS NOT A QUE/ION ( M]E 9T]NATIONAL 9TRIGUE1 BUT ( ! LEGITIMATE GRIEVANCES ?AT CAPITALISM & ! /ATE >E PRODUC+ ON A GLOBAL SCALE4 ,IF ,ORTEGA & ! /ATI/S :O SUPPORT HIM >E ABLE TO MONOPOLIZE ! DISC\RSE ( ! LEFT1 !RE WILL BE NO \TLET = LEGITIMATE POPUL> FRU/RATION EXCEPT RI<T-W+ REACTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 

,= ?IS REASON1 WE CONSID] IT URG5T ?AT AN>*I/S & O!R ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANS 5T] 9TO DIALOGUE ) P>TICIPANTS 9 ! UPRIS+ 9 ,NIC>AGUA4 

,H[EV]1 9 ! ABS5CE ( A /RONG ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN & ANTI-CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T ?AT C\LD (F] A REVOLUTION>Y HORIZON = *ANGE 9 ,NIC>AGUA1 MO/ P>TICIPANTS HAVE LIMIT$ !MSELVES TO CALL+ = 0JU/ICE0 & 0DEMOCRACY10 HOP+ TO CREATE ! CONDITIONS = A NEW GOV]NM5T TO COME TO P[]4 ,SOME HAVE EV5 MET ) REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,REPUBLICAN RI<T W+ TO SEEK ,U,S BACK+4 ,WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT ?IS APPROA* IS A GRIEV\S ]ROR1 EV5 = ,NIC>AGUAN PROTE/]S :O DO NOT %>E \R OPPOSITION TO CAPITALISM1 ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T1 & GOV]NM5T ITSELF4 

,IF ! REVOLT AIMS TO SOLVE ! PROBLEMS CREAT$ BY NEOLIB]AL POLICIES & AU?ORIT>IAN GOV]NM5T1 IT MU/ GO MU* FUR!R ?AN \/+ ,ORTEGA4 ,U,S,A,I,D & O!R =MS ( 9T]V5TION >E CLE>LY 9T5D$ TO %APE ! PROTE/ MOVEM5TS ACCORD+ TO ! ,U,S AG5DA 9 ORD] TO DET]M9E :AT WILL COME NEXT4 ,IT'S NAIVE TO IMAG9E ?AT ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T OR ANY ( ! 5TITIES AFFILIAT$ ) IT WILL SUPPORT ANY SORT ( *ANGE 9 ,NIC>AGUA UNLESS IT ADVANCES ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/S ( CAPITALI/S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,WE HAVE SE5 OV] & OV]--MO/ REC5TLY 9 ,AFR9--H[ ! ,U,S SELECTIVELY EMP[]S ! MO/ CONS]VATIVE ELEM5TS )9 POPUL> /RUGGLES1 !N RU?LESSLY BETRAYS ! MOVEM5TS AS A :OLE AS SOON AS ! OPPORTUNITY PRES5TS ITSELF4 

,CAN P>TICIPANTS 9 ! ,NIC>AGUAN UPRIS+ :O DO NOT WI% TO COMPROMISE ) ! ,U,S AG5DA \TFLANK ?OSE :O BELIEVE ?AT ! TOP PRIORITY IS TO \/ ,ORTEGA BY ANY MEANS8 ,IT SEEMS TO US ?AT ?IS IS ! ESS5TIAL QUE/ION4 ,?IS WILL DET]M9E :E!R ! MOVEM5TS 9 ,NIC>AGUA CAN FOLL[ ?R\< ON !IR PROMISES TO CREATE A F\NDATION = TRUE AUTONOMY1 FRE$OM1 & SELF-DET]M9ATION4 

,?US F>1 P>TICIPANTS 9 ! UPRIS+ HAVE FOCUS$ ON MA9TA9+ 0UNITY0 ACROSS IDEOLOGICAL & /RATEGIC L9ES4 ,9 ! FACE ( BRUTAL REPRESSION FROM ! ,ORTEGA GOV]NM5T1 WE CAN UND]/& ! TACTICAL ADVANTAGES ( MA9TA9+ A UNIT$ FRONT4 ,YET IF ! MOVEM5T CONT9UES TO PRIORITIZE UNITY OV] DEBATE1 IT WILL NOT BE POSSIBLE TO CRITICIZE ! COMPROMISES ?AT ! ,U,S WILL DEM& 9 RETURN = SUPPORT4 ,9 ?AT CASE1 EV5 A REVOLUTION ?AT \/$ ! ,ORTEGA GOV]NM5T 5TIRELY W\LD LIKELY RESULT ONLY 9 MORE NEOLIB]AL ECONOMIC POLICIES & AU?ORIT>IANISM4  
  

0,! TREE ( LIB]TY MU/ BE REFRE%$ FROM TIME TO TIME ) ! BLOOD ( PATRIOTS & TYRANTS4 ,IT IS ITS NATURAL MANURE40 

-,?OMAS ,JEFF]SON4  
  

,MANURE--:I* IS TO SAY1 BULL%IT4 ,9 FACT1 P]IODIC REVOLUTIONS CAN ALSO REFRE% ! ILLUSION ( LIB]TY ?AT MA9TA9S ! LEGITIMACY ( ! /ATE4 ,:5 WE SEEK REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE1 ! PROBLEM IS H[ TO TAKE ON ! CURR5T REIGN+ GOV]NM5T 9 A WAY ?AT WILL MAKE IT MORE DIFFICULT = ANY GOV]NM5T TO LEGITIMIZE ITS AU?ORITY4 ,O!RWISE1 :ATEV] NEW GOV]NM5T COMES TO P[] WILL LIKELY IMPLEM5T SOME V]SION ( ! SAME POLICIES ?AT MADE PEOPLE REVOLT AGA9/ ! PREVI\S ONE1 ANSW]+ AS IT DOES TO ! SAME /RUCTURAL FACTORS SU* AS GLOBAL ECONOMIC PRESSURES & ! EXIG5CIES ( MA9TA9+ A MONOPOLY ON =CE4 ,WE CAN'T DEP5D ON GOV]NM5TS TO MAKE ! *ANGES WE WANT TO SEE2 WE HAVE TO DEVELOP GRASSROOTS MOVEM5TS BACK$ BY P[]FUL 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY4 

,GRANT$1 IT CAN BE 9CONV5I5T = SOCIAL MOVEM5TS TO FOCUS ON MAK+ PR9CIPL$ DECISIONS :5 !Y >E ALSO ATTEMPT+ TO DEAL ) ! IMM$IATE PROBLEMS CREAT$ BY GOV]NM5T CRACKD[NS & CRIM9ALIZATION4 ,BUT ACT+ 9 ! PRES5T 9 A WAY ?AT MOVES US T[>DS \R LONG-T]M GOALS IS A PR]EQUISITE = BE+ ABLE TO MAKE REAL *ANGE4 ,NIC>AGUANS MOVEM5TS NE$ TO DEVELOP PRACTICES ?AT !Y CAN EMPLOY RI<T N[ TO GO ON BUILD+ /R5G? AUTONOM\SLY DUR+ ! REMA9D] ( ! ,ORTEGUI/A ADM9I/RATION1 PRACTICES ?AT CAN CONT9UE 9T5SIFY+ ?R\< ! 9EVITABLE ELECTORAL CAMPAIGNS1 PROMISES ( RE=M1 & TRANSITIONS ( P[] ?AT >E TO COME4  
  

0,I HAVE NO P>TICUL> LOVE = ! IDEALIZ$ 'WORK]' AS HE APPE>S 9 ! B\RGEOIS ,COMMUNI/'S M9D1 BUT :5 ,I SEE AN ACTUAL FLE%-&-BLOOD WORK] 9 CONFLICT ) HIS NATURAL 5EMY1 ! POLICEMAN1 ,I DO NOT HAVE TO ASK MYSELF :I* SIDE ,I AM ON40 

-,GEORGE ,ORWELL1 ,HOMAGE TO ,CATALONIA  
  

,ALL ( ?IS BE+ SAID1 WE SALUTE ! C\RAGE ( ORD9>Y PEOPLE :O HAVE REBELL$ 9 ,NIC>AGUA1 OCCUPY+ UNIV]SITIES & /&+ UP TO ! VIOL5CE ( ! POLICE4 ,WE CALL ON AN>*I/S & O!R S9C]E P>TISANS ( EQUALITY & FRE$OM TO CREATE 9T]NATIONAL NETWORKS ( SUPPORT ?AT C\LD (F] A CR$IBLE ALT]NATIVE TO ,U,S BACK+1 SO REBELS 9 ,NIC>AGUA & ELSE:]E WILL NOT BE =C$ TO *OOSE BETWE5 LOCAL AU?ORIT>IANISM & NEOLIB]AL COLONIALISM4 

,= MORE BACKGR\ND ON ! UPRIS+ 9 ,NIC>AGUA1 CONSULT \R PREVI\S COV]AGE3  

,! ,APRIL #ai ,UPRIS+ 9 ,NIC>AGUA  

,DIFF]5T ,CURR5TS 9 ! ,NIC>AGUAN ,9SURRECTION  

,UPDATE FROM ! ,NIC>AGUAN ,9SURRECTION  
  

,H]E FOLL[S ! LATE/ REPORT & REFLECTIONS FROM \R ,NIC>AGUAN CONTACTS4 

,UPDATE ON ! ,NIC>AGUAN ,9SURRECTION3 ,JUNE-,JULY 

  

,S9CE ,APRIL #a#i1 APPROXIMATELY #c PEOPLE HAVE BE5 KILL$ 9 POLITICAL VIOL5CE 9 ,NIC>AGUA2 #b PEOPLE HAVE BE5 9JUR$2 !RE >E OV] #f POLITICAL PRISON]S1 & APPROXIMATELY #f MORE PEOPLE >E MISS+4 ,9 ADDITION1 SOME #b#c1 PEOPLE HAVE REQUE/$ REFUGEE /ATUS 9 ,CO/A ,RICA4.<#a.> ,BE> 9 M9D ?AT ,NIC>AGUA HAS A POPULATION ( AB\T #g MILLION1 MU* FEW] ?AN ! O!R C\NTRIES WE >E BE+ COMP>$ )4  

,ON ,JULY #a#f1 ! ,ORTEGUI/A ,P>TY PASS$ AN 0,ANTI-,T]RORISM ,LAW0 CRIM9ALIZ+ POPUL> PROTE/S & JU/IFY+ ! IMPRISONM5T ( HUNDR$S ( PROTE/]S4 ,?IS LAW T>GETS PEOPLE TRANSPORT+ M$IC9E & FOOD1 PEOPLE ORGANIZ+ ,GO,FUND,ME ACC\NTS1 FAMILY MEMB]S ( /UD5TS1 & BY/&]S4 ,?IS LAW HAS ALSO JU/IFI$ ! KIDNAPP+ ( /UD5T ACTIVI/S1 NEI<BORHOOD LEAD]S1 & ORGANIZ]S FROM ! CAMPES9O MOVEM5T4 ,PEOPLE HAVE ALREADY BE5 >RE/$ & *>G$ UND] ?IS LAW1 9CLUD+ V>I\S CAMPES9O LEAD]S4 ,! ,ORTEGUI/A ,P>TY HAS ADOPT$ ! LANGUAGE ( T]RORISM TO DESCRIBE ! POPUL> UPRIS+ 9 G5]AL4  

,! ,ORTEGUI/A ,P>TY HAS ACCUS$ ! PRIE/S & ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* ( PROTECT+ ! 0T]RORI/S0 & 0PROMOT+ A C\P40 ,?IS HAS BROK5 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* & ! ,ORTEGUI/A ,P>TY4 ,ORTEGUI/A SUPPORT]S HAVE ATTACK$ PRIE/S MOD]AT+ ! DIALOGUE & PROTECT+ PROTE/]S AT *UR*ES4  

,!RE >E >RE/ W>RANTS N[ = MO/ ( ! /UD5T LEAD]S REPRES5T+ UNIV]SITIES FROM ! ,ALIANZA ,CIVICA2 CAMPES9O LEAD]S & O!R ORGANIZ]S HAVE BE5 T>GET$ AS WELL4 ,ALONG ) ! BREAK ) ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*1 ?IS CONFIRMS ?AT ! ,ORTEGA ,GOV]NM5T IS NO LONG] TRY+ TO PURSUE DIALOGUE4  

,ONE ( ! *IEF GOALS ( ! ,ALIANZA WAS TO FA/-TRACK ! ELECTIONS TO #b#a#i4 ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA HAS REPEAT$LY TURN$ ?IS D[N1 /AT+ ?AT HE WILL HOLD ELECTIONS :5 HIS T]M 5DS 9 #b#b#a4 ,A REPORT FROM ,ETICA Y ,TRANSP>5CIA SAYS ?AT #g#i.0 ( ! POPULATION WANTS NEW ELECTIONS4 ,IT JU/ SO HAPP5S ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,O,A,S >E ADVOCAT+ = NEW ELECTIONS1 AS WELL4 ,! ,ALIANZA & SOME SOCIAL MOVEM5TS HAVE ALSO FLOAT$ ! IDEA ( A TRANSITIONAL GOV]NM5T4  

,9 ,JUNE1 ,MASAYA DECL>$ ITSELF AN AUTONOM\S CITY PRACTIC+ SELF-GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y SET UP !IR [N COMMUNITY WAT*1 !IR [N COMMUNITY ASSEMBLIES1 !IR [N L9ES ( DEF5SE1 !IR [N CLEAN UP COMMITTEES4 ,?IS WAS P>T ( A /RATEGY TO COMPLEM5T A CITYWIDE WORK]S /RIKE4 ,IT'S IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT ?IS WAS NOT PROPOS$ BY ! ,ALIANZA ,CIVICA4 ,MASAYA REMA9$ AUTONOM\S = A C\PLE ( DAYS UNTIL PRO-GOV]NM5T P>AMILIT>IES C>RI$ \T MASSIVE ATTACKS TO RECAPTURE IT4 ,CITIES LIKE ,MASAYA ?AT HAVE BE5 HI/ORICALLY BE5 ,S&9I/A /RON<OLDS HAVE BE5 HOTLY CONTE/$ BETWE5 PROTE/]S & P>AMILIT>Y =CES4 ,MASAYA NO LONG] HAS ANY BLOCKADES4  

,RI<T NEXT TO ,MASAYA1 ! CITY ( ,MONIMBO IS AN 9DIG5\S COMMUNITY ( >TISANS & CRAFT-MAK]S4 ,IT WAS ONE ( ! FIR/ CITIES TO RISE AGA9/ ,ORTEGUISMO 9 ,APRIL4 ,IT HAS BE5 AN 9SPIRATION S9CE ! BEG9N+ BECAUSE ( ! RESILI5CY & REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT ( ! LOCALS4  

,MONIMBO1 ! EPIC5T] ( 9DIG5\S RESI/ANCE1 & ! ,UNIV]SIDAD ,NACIONAL ,AUTONOMA DE ,NIC>AGUA 7,U,N,A,N71 ! ONLY UNIV]SITY /ILL OCCUPI$ BY /UD5TS1 W]E BO? VICI\SLY ATTACK$ & EVICT$ BY P>AMILIT>IES =CES %ORTLY BE=E ,JULY #a#i1 ! #c#i? ANNIV]S>Y ( ! ,S&9I/A ,REVOLUTION4 ,MON9BO & ,U,N,A,N >E N[ UND] ! CONTROL ( ,P>AMILIT>Y =CES4 ,U,N,A,N & O!R UNIV]SITIES >E SET TO RESUME ! ACADEMIC CAL5D> SOON1 BUT /UD5TS FE> P]SECUTION4  

,P>AMILIT>Y =CES HAVE ATTACK$ & EVICT$ EV]Y ROAD BLOCKADE1 KILL+ DOZ5S >\ND ! C\NTRY4 ,! CIRCULATION ( VEHICLES & ECONOMIC GOODS HAS RESUM$4 ,9 ?REE SEP>ATE 9T]VIEWS1 :5 ASK$ AB\T ! P>AMILIT>IES1 ,ORTEGA GAVE ?REE DIFF]5T ANSW]S3 HE CLAIM$ ?AT ! P>AMILIT>IES W]E FUND$ BY ! ,U,S GOV]NM5T1 ?AT ! P>AMILIT>IES W]E FUND$ BY ! ,M,R,S & ! ,P,L,C1 & ?AT ! P>AMILIT>IES W]E 0VOLUNTE] POLICEM540  

,) ! LEAD]%IP ( RI<T-W+ ,REPUBLICANS ,M>CO ,RUBIO & ,ILEANA ,ROS-,LEHT951 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,AG5CY = ,9T]NATIONAL ,DEVELOPM5T 7,U,S,A,I,D7 HAS APPROV$ @s#a4#e MILLION DOLL>S TO PROMOTE 0DEMOCRACY1 HUMAN RI<TS1 & LEAD]%IP0 9 ,NIC>AGUA4 ,H[ ?IS MONEY WILL %APE ! CRISIS REMA9S TO BE SE54  

,ON ,JULY #c#a1 ,UNIV]SIDAD ,C5TROAM]ICANA 7,C5TRAL ,AM]ICAN ,UNIV]SITY1 OR ,U,C,A7 SUFF]$ GOV]NM5T CUTS & SUSP5D$ CLASSES1 PUTT+ #i#e.0 ( ITS P]SONNEL ON HOLD4 ,! NATIONAL BUDGET SETS ASIDE #f.0 ( FUNDS TO GO T[>DS $UCATION1 A VICTORY FROM ! /UD5T PROTE/S 9 ! #a#i#iS4 ,U,C,A IS SEMIPUBLIC3 IT /ILL RECEIVES GOV]NM5T FUND+1 BUT /UD5TS ALSO PAY TUITION1 :I* HAS 5ABL$ ,U,C,A TO CREATE PROGRAMM+ & $UCATION ?AT IS NOT 5TIRELY 9 L9E ) ! ,ORTEGA AG5DA4 ,U,C,A IS CONSID]$ A MIDDLE-CLASS UNIV]SITY DEVOT$ TO ! HUMANITIES2 ITS /UD5TS HAVE PLAY$ A CRITICAL ROLE 9 ! UPRIS+S4 ,S,O,S,9DIO,MAIZ & ,OCUPA,9,S,S BO? 9VOLV$ ,U,C,A /UD5T 9ITIATIVE4 ,?IS IS SE5 AS GOV]NM5T REV5GE AGA9/ !SE /UD5TS1 BUT IT ALSO PLACES ADDITIONAL PRESSURE ON ! 9SURRECTION TO WORK T[>DS A FUTURE 9 :I* $UCATION IS AUTONOM\S1 ACCESSIBLE1 & CRITICAL ( AU?ORITY4  

,WEEKLY PROTE/S CONT9UE ALL OV] ! C\NTRY1 ALL T>GET$ BY /ATE REPRESSION4  
  
,T5SIONS1 ,DIVISIONS1 & ,REALITIES 

  

,! PEOPLE ( ,NIC>AGUA >E REVOLT+ AGA9/ ,ORTEGA ON ! GR\NDS ?AT HE REPRES5TS AU?ORIT>IANISM1 LACK ( TRANSP>5CY1 ! EMBEZZLEM5T ( PUBLIC FUNDS1 ! CO-OPTION ( SUPPOS$LY NEUTRAL 9/ITUTIONS LIKE ! POLICE & M$ICAL SY/EM1.<#b.> ! EXPLOITATION ( NATURAL RES\RCES1 ! H>ASSM5T ( SOCIAL MOVEM5T LEAD]S1 & ! HIJACK+ ( ! $UCATION SY/EM4 

,?IS IS NOT A C5TRALIZ$ MOVEM5T2 ALL ! DEM&S & CRITICISM ( ,ORTEGA COMPLEM5T EA* O!R1 BUT !SE DEM&S >E SPECIFIC TO DIFF]5T !MES & REGIONS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,MASAYA HAS NO /UD5T MOVEM5T1 P] SE1 & ! /UD5TS >E PRES5T+ V]Y DIFF]5T DEM&S ?AN ! CAMPES9O MOVEM5T4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 SOME EF=TS TO C5TRALIZE ALL ! DEM&S 9TO A S+LE COMMON ORGANIZATION1 BUT ! PRES5T CONDITIONS HAVE NOT ALL[$ = ! NECESS>Y MEET+S TO OCCUR4 

,AT ! BEG9N+1 ! UNIFI$ CONC5TRATION WAS ! ,ALIANZA ,CIVICA4 ,?IS GR\P1 LA ,ALIANZA ,CIVICA 7! ,CIVIL ,ALLIANCE71 IS A COALITION 9CLUD+ /UD5TS1 F>M]S1 & MEMB]S ( 0CIVIL SOCIETY10 ! ONES PROMOT+ ! DIALOGUE ) ! GOV]NM5T MOD]AT$ BY ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*4 ,! ,ALIANZA HAS MA9TA9$ ITS ROLE ( CALL+ = PROTE/S & M>*ES1 BUT IT HAS BE5 LOS+ P[] S9CE ! GOV]NM5T IS NO LONG] NEGOTIAT+ ) IT & MO/ ( ! RESI/ANCE HAS BE5 ORGANIZ$ AUTONOM\SLY4 ,! ONLY REASON ! ,ALIANZA WAS =M$ WAS TO M$IATE ! CONV]SATION ) ! GOV]NM5T2 IT WASN'T 9T5D$ TO UND]TAKE LONG-T]M GRASSROOTS ORGANIZ+ EF=TS OR TO =M A POLITICAL P>TY4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! ,AUTOCONVOCADOS MOVEM5T1 A DEC5TRALIZ$ MOVEM5T UND] A COMMON NAME1 CONT9UES 5C\RAG+ ALL ! PROTE/+ SECTORS1 PRESSUR+ ! ,ALIANZA1 & ORGANIZ+ PROTE/S & M>*ES4 ,! DEMON/RATIONS ?AT DRAW ?\S&S 9TO ! /REETS ( ,MANAGUA >E ! COMB9$ EF=TS ( ! ,ALIANZA1 ! ,AUTOCONVOCADOS1 ! /UD5T GR\PS1 & 0CIVIL SOCIETY40 

,9SIDE & \TSIDE ( ! ,ALIANZA1 DISCONT5T IS GR[+ ) ! ,CONSEJO ,SUP]IOR DE LA ,EMPRESA ,PRIVADA 5 ,NIC>AGUA 7,C,O,S,E,P74 ,C,O,S,E,P IS ! *AMB] ( PRIVATE BUS9ESS1 & !Y HAVE YET TO DECL>E A ,NATIONAL ,/RIKE ?AT W\LD BR+ PRESSURE TO BE> AGA9/ ! ,ORTEGAS4 ,MANY BELIEVE ?AT ! W9D[ ( OPPORTUNITY = A /RATEGIC & EFFECTIVE ,NATIONAL ,/RIKE HAS ALREADY CLOS$4 ,?IS 0BETRAYAL0 FROM ,C,O,S,E,P HAS DIM9I%$ !IR POLITICAL P[]4 

,FUR!RMORE1 SOME /UD5T GR\PS HAVE MET ) RI<T-W+ POLITICIANS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ,EL ,SALVADOR1 CAUS+ EV5 MORE T5SIONS AMONG /UD5TS & CITIZ5S4 ,!RE >E MANY DIFF]5T /UD5T ORGANIZATIONS REPRES5T$ 9 ! ,ALIANZA1 & NO ONE CAN SPEAK ON BEHALF ( ! O!RS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 /UD5T ORGANIZATIONS LIKE ! ,COORD9ADORA ,UNIV]SIT>IA POR LA ,DEMOCRACIA Y LA ,JU/ICIA 7,C,U,D,J71 ,ALIANZA ,UNIV]SIT>IA ,NIC>AGU5SE 7,A,U,N7 & ! ,>TICULATION ( ,SOCIAL ,MOVEM5TS & ,CIVIL ,SOCIETY 7,A,M,S,O,S,C71 ALL MEMB]S ( ! ,ALIANZA1 WANT NO?+ TO DO ) ,U,S ,REPUBLICANS1 & COMMUNICAT+ ) ! ,UNITES ,/ATES IS NOT !IR PRIORITY4 

,! CONTEXT HAS %IFT$ A GREAT DEAL OV] ! PA/ MON?4 ,/>T+ LA/ WEEK5D1 EV]YBODY :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,U,N,A,N OCCUPATION OR 9 ! RESI/ANCE 9 ,MONIMBO IS BE+ HUNT$ & P]SECUT$4 ,OV] #g PEOPLE >E DETA9$ & MANY >E MISS+2 ! /ATE N[ HAS ! LEGAL F\NDATION TO *>GE PROTE/]S ) T]RORISM1 & VICE PRESID5T ,ROS>IO ,MURILLO HAS EMPHASIZ$ SEV]AL TIMES 9 RADIO COMMUNIQUES ?AT ! 0T]RORI/S0 WILL BE P]SECUT$4 ,9 RESPONSE1 ,CO/A ,RICA HAS SET UP TWO REFUGEE CAMPS 9 ,SAN ,JOSE1 & ?OSE :O CAN AF=D TO FLEE >E LEAV+ ! C\NTRY4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! PROTE/]S :O EXP]I5C$ DIRECT CONFRONTATION ) ! P>AMILIT>IES >E N[ HID+ 9 SAFEH\SES4 

,9 ?IS SITUATION1 IT IS DIFFICULT = GRASSROOTS GR\PS TO ORGANIZE1 S9CE !Y WILL IMM$IATELY FACE ! P>AMILIT>Y =CES ?AT >E CON/ANTLY PATROLL+ RURAL & CITIES /REETS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 !RE W]E MASSIVE M>*ES CELEBRAT+ ! 0,DAY ( ! ,/UD5T0 ON ,JULY #bc & ! 0,M>* ( ! ,FL[]S40 ,?\S&S HAVE ATT5D$ !SE M>*ES & ! P>AMILIT>Y =CES DID NOT ATTACK !M4 ,H[EV]1 ON ACC\NT ( ! PRES5CE ( P>AMILIT>IES1 !RE IS /ILL A SELF-IMPOS$ CITYWIDE CURFEW AT NI<T4 

,BECAUSE ( ?IS SITUATION1 MANY PEOPLE HAVE SET !IR HOPES ON ! 9T]NATIONAL COMMUNITY PUTT+ MORE PRESSURE & SANCTIONS ON ,ORTEGA1 HOP+ ?IS WILL =CE ,ORTEGA TO NEGOTIATE AN EXIT4 ,!SE HOPES >E MOTIVAT$ BY ! SOLID>ITY ?AT ,NIC>AGUA HAS RECEIV$ FROM ! 9T]NATIONAL LEFT1 ! RESOLUTION FROM ! ,ORGANIZATION ( ,AM]ICAN ,/ATES 7,O,A,S71 & ALSO--UN=TUNATELY--! 9VOLVEM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,RELY+ ON =EIGN 9T]V5TION CONTRADICTS ! POPUL> *ANT ,SOLO EL PUEBLO SALVA AL PUEBLO1 0,ONLY ! PEOPLE SAVE ! PEOPLE10 A COMMON DEM& = AUTONOMY4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ANO!R P>T ( ! MOVEM5T HAS BE5 9VE/+ MORE 9 M>*ES & PROTE/S AS A WAY TO TAKE BACK ! /REETS4 

,PEOPLE WORK+ FROM \TSIDE ( ,NIC>AGUA >E SETT+ UP SY/EMS ( SUPPORT TO GIVE ! ,NIC>AGUAN POPUL> 9SURRECTION VISIBILITY & TO PREP>E = ! LONG-T]M BATTLE AHEAD4 ,! NETWORKS ?AT >E BE+ BUILT N[ >E 9T5D$ TO PROVIDE SOLID>ITY TO ,NIC>AGUANS ON ! GR\ND1 EXPOSE ! ACTIONS ( ! ,ORTEGUI/A ,P>TY1 &1 MO/ IMPORTANTLY1 BUILD RELATION%IPS ?AT WILL BE HELPFUL 9 ! FUTURE4 

,MANY ( !SE 9T]NATIONAL EF=TS1 LIKE ! ,C>AVANA DE LA ,SOLID>IDAD ,9T]NACIONAL1 A GR\P ( AUTOCONVOCADOS ?AT HAS BE5 TRAVEL+ ,EUROPE = ?REE MON?S1 HAVE PRIORITIZ$ MEET+ ) LEFT-W+ GR\PS & ORGANIZATIONS2 !Y DO NOT MEET ) RI<T-W+ GR\PS4 ,9 CITIES ACROSS ! WORLD ?AT HAVE ,NIC>AGUAN IMMIGRANTS1 PEOPLE >E CREAT+ !IR [N ,AUTOCONOVOCADO AFF9ITY GR\PS & ORGANIZ+ M>*ES1 MANIFE/ATIONS1 & DECL>ATIONS4 ,BUT !RE >E ALSO AUTOCONVOCADO GR\PS ?AT >E 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TALK+ TO ,DEMOCRATS & ,REPUBLICANS4 

,?IS IS ! REALITY 9 A DIV]SE MOVEM5T BAS$ ON UNITY AGA9/ A COMMON 5EMY4 ,PEOPLE WILL ADVOCATE = :ATEV] !Y BELIEVE WILL SOLVE ! CRISIS4 ,! %ORT-T]M GOALS ( ALL ( !SE MOVEM5TS >E 0JU/ICE0 & 0DEMOCRACY10 9 ! VAGUE/ S5SE3 JU/ICE = ! VICTIMS1 DEMOCRACY 9 ! GOV]NM5T4 

,IT IS SURPRIS+ H[ DIFF]5T MOVEM5TS HAVE BE5 ABLE TO COME TOGE!R4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! FEM9I/ MOVEM5T & ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* COOP]AT$ 9 ONE DEMON/RATION4 ,ANO!R EXAMPLE IS ,FRANCISCA ,RAMIREZ1 A LEAD] FROM ! ,MOVIMI5TO ,CAMPES9O1 JO9+ ! ,M>* = ,SEXUAL ,DIV]SITY4 ,! JOKE IS ?AT 0,ONLY ,ORTEGA HAS BE5 CAPABLE ( UNIT+ FEM9I/S1 A!I/S1 ,CA?OLICS1 ! ,L,G,B,T COMMUNITY1 & /UD5TS40 ,BUT 9 T]MS ( PRACTICE1 !RE IS NOT MU* DISCUSSION AB\T H[ !SE DIFF]5CES >E BE+ ADDRESS$4 

,! HOPE IS ?AT A NEW GOV]NM5T W\LD OP5 A NATIONAL DIALOGUE 9 :I* ALL ! SECTORS & MOVEM5TS ?AT P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! 9SURRECTION C\LD HAVE A PLAT=M TO PRES5T !IR SPECIFIC DEM&S & REA* CONS5SUS TOGE!R4 ,?IS IS OPTIMI/IC1 TO SAY ! LEA/4 ,BUT IT'S H>D TO />T FRAM+ LONG-T]M GOALS 9 ! PRES5T CONTEXT ( MASS IMMIGRATION & CRIM9ALIZATION4 

,! ,ORTEGA GOV]NM5T IS ALSO WORK+ ON A DAY-BY-DAY BASIS4 ,WE D\BT ?AT !Y HAVE A LONG-T]M /RATEGY1 S9CE EV]Y?+ HAS BE5 ESCALAT+ SO RAPIDLY4 ,REC5TLY1 !IR /RATEGY HAS BE5 = ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA TO GIVE CONTROLL$ 9T]VIEWS TO ! 9T]NATIONAL PRESS4 ,!SE 9T]VIEWS HAVE BACKFIR$ AS ! OPPOSITION KEEPS CALL+ \T ,ORTEGA'S LIES4 

,ONE ?+ ?AT HAS NOT *ANG$--?AT HAS NOT EV5 BE5 QUE/ION$--HAS BE5 ! NATIONALISM AT ! BASIS ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,! CURR5T /RUGGLES >E UND]/OOD 9 A HI/ORICAL CONTEXT1 REVISIT+ ! HI/ORY ( ! RESILI5T ,NIC>AGUAN PEOPLE /&+ UP TO !IR 5EMIES1 GO+ ALL ! WAY BACK TO ,S&9O1 :O REMA9S ! MO/ RESPECT$ REVOLUTION>Y NATIONALI/4 ,?IS IS ! SECOND ?+ ,NIC>AGUANS HAVE 9 COMMON 9 ! /RUGGLE3 ! FIR/ IS ?AT !Y DETE/ ,ORTEGA1 ! SECOND IS ?AT !Y >E ALL ,NIC>AGUANS4 ,! 5TIRE RESI/ANCE HAS BE5 BAS$ >\ND ?IS IDEA ( %>$ NATIONAL ID5TITY4 ,MANY SEE ?IS POPUL> UPRIS+ AS AN ATTEMPT TO RECLAIM ,NIC>AGUA FROM ! ,ORTEGUI/AS4 

,!RE HAVE BE5 MOM5TS ( SOLID>ITY ?AT TRANSC5D NATIONALISM4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,CO/A ,RICA HAS HI/ORICALLY BE5 A RIVAL TO ,NIC>AGUA1 BUT ! NEW ,CO/A ,RICAN GOV]NM5T HAS SUPPORT$ ,NIC>AGUAN REBELS ON ! GR\ND & 9 DIPLOMATIC MEET+S4 ,?IS HAS DISRUPT$ ! ANTAGONI/IC NOTION ( NATIONALISM ?AT ,NIC>AGUANS US$ TO HAVE4 

,! ,9VOLVEM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,GOV]NM5T 

  

,PEOPLE :O ADVOCATE = ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO 9T]V5E ECONOMICALLY & ) DIRECT SANCTIONS LIKE ! ,NICA ,ACT & ! ,MAGNITSKY ,ACT CLAIM ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS ! ONLY =CE CAPABLE ( PRESSUR+ ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA4 ,! DEM&S = ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO 9T]V5E >E NOT JU/ COM+ FROM RI<T-W+ GR\PS2 !RE >E MANY PEOPLE :O WANT ! VIOL5CE TO /OP & SEE ,U,S 9T]V5TION AS ! ONLY SOLUTION4 ,( C\RSE1 ,U,S ECONOMIC 9T]V5TION IS LIKELY TO CAUSE H>M TO ORD9>Y ,NIC>AGUANS1 AS WELL4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS ALREADY 9T]V5$ 9 ,NIC>AGUA BY IMPOS+ SANCTIONS1 FREEZ+ ,U,S BANK ACC\NTS1 REVOK+ ! VISAS ( GOV]NM5T (FICIALS1 & 9VE/+ 9 ,NIC>AGUAN 0,HUMAN RI<TS1 ,J\RNALISM1 & ,LEAD]%IP0 ?R\< ,U,S,A,I,D4 ,U,S,A,I,D IS SUPPOS$ TO PROMOTE J\RNALISM TO EXPOSE ,ORTEGA'S CORRUPTION & FUND 0HUMAN RI<TS ORGANIZATIONS0 SO ?AT !Y CAN DOCUM5T HUMAN RI<TS ABUSES4 

,! RESPONSE TO ,U,S,A,I,D HAS BE5 DIV]SE4 ,9 A C\NTRY LIKE ,NIC>AGUA1 :]E A LOT ( ! POPULATION DEP5DS ON ! ASSI/ANCE ( ,N,G,OS TO SURVIVE1 MANY PEOPLE WILL ACCEPT ?IS HELP4 ,U,S,A,I,D HAS HELP$ RUN S*OOLS & 9VE/ 9 SOCIAL 9FRA/RUCTURE1 BUT ?IS IS ONLY SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE ( ! FAILURES ( ! GOV]NM5T & ! LONG/&+ ASYMMETRY 9 WEAL? RESULT+ FROM COLONIAL RES\RCE EXTRACTION4 ,! GOV]NM5T HAS NOT HAD ! CAPACITY TO REA* RURAL & ,C>IBBEAN COMMUNITIES1 :]E ,N,G,OS HAVE WORK$ E/ABLI%$ !MSELVES4 ,?IS P]PETUATES ! NONPR(IT-9DU/RIAL COMPLEX & EXPOSES PEOPLE TO ,WE/]N-C5TRIC IDEAS AB\T 0DEVELOPM5T0 & 0DEMOCRACY40 

,9 VIEW ( ! CONC5TRATION ( P[] UND] ,ORTEGA1 ! LACK ( 9FRA/RUCTURE CONNECT+ ,NIC>AGUA & ! 9T]NATIONAL LEFT1 & ! FACT ?AT ,NIC>AGUA HAS NOT BE5 ABLE TO DEVELOP CRITICALLY1 ACADEMICALLY1 OR SOCIALLY1 IT IS V]Y LIKELY ?AT ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS WILL ACCEPT ALL SORTS ( HELP1 9CLUD+ FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,U,S SUPPORT = ! ,CONTRAS 9 ! #a#i#hS IS WELL KN[N4 ,! MORE REC5T MA*9ATIONS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES AGA9/ ,ORTEGA CAN BE TRAC$ BACK TO ! ,NICA ,ACT1 :I* AIM$ TO TIE ,NIC>AGUA TO ,V5EZUELA & ,CUBA AS AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5TS4 ,WE >E EXP]I5C+ A SECOND WAVE ( ?IS K9D ( ANTI-SOCIALISM1 :I* EBB$ A BIT DUR+ ,OBAMA'S PRESID5CY1 :5 ,OBAMA & ,CUBA 9ITIAT$ A PROCESS ( 0NORMALIZ+0 RELATIONS4 ,! ,OBAMA ADM9I/RATION DID NOT MAKE ANY MAJOR /ATEM5TS AB\T ,NIC>AGUA1 BUT ACTUALLY IMPLEM5T$ MORE NEOLIB]AL POLICIES4 

,IT IS 9T]E/+ ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T IS N[ CRITICIZ+ ,ORTEGA :5 IT HAS B5EFIT$ SO MU* FROM ,ORTEGUISMO4 ,PRESUMABLY1 ! ,U,S WORK$ ) ,ORTEGA :ILE HE SEEM$ LIKE ! ONLY OPTION1 BUT N[ ?AT IT APPE>S POSSIBLE TO >RANGE = AN EV5 MORE NEOLIB]AL GOV]NM5T TO TAKE P[] 9 ,NIC>AGUA1 ?IS IS ! NEW PRIORITY4 ,IT IS ALSO A QUE/ION ( :I* GOV]NM5T WILL BE BE/ AT /ABILIZ+ ,NIC>AGUA = ! SAKE ( 9VE/M5T4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES GOV]NM5T HAS MAJOR 9VE/M5TS 9 ,NIC>AGUA--9 FREE TRADE ZONES1 MAQUILAS1 & T\RISM4 ,UNTIL ,APRIL #b#a#h1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DREW TREM5D\S ECONOMIC B5EFITS FROM ITS RELATIONS ) ,NIC>AGUA4 ,NIC>AGUA WAS ! NUMB] ONE T\RI/ DE/9ATION 9 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA1 & EXPATRIATES FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W]E SL[LY RELOCAT+ !RE4 ,NIC>AGUA WAS A DESIRABLE DE/9ATION = 9VE/M5T DOLL>S DUE TO ITS 0ECONOMIC & POLITICAL /ABILITY40 

,9 ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA'S SECOND LIVE SPEE* TO ADDRESS ! CRISIS1 BACK 9 ,APRIL1 HE APPE>$ ALONGSIDE A ,UNIT$ ,/ATES SWEAT%OP [N]1 ASSUR+ HIM ?AT ?+S W\LD GO BACK TO NORMAL & ?AT HIS BUS9ESS W\LD NOT BE AFFECT$4 ,9 HIS 9T]VIEW ) ,FOX ,NEWS ON ,JULY #b#c1 IT APPE>$ ?AT HE WANT$ TO ASSURE PEOPLE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ?AT ,NIC>AGUA IS /ILL A /ABLE PLACE TO 9VE/ 9444 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME1 9 AN 9T]VIEW ) ,TELESUR1 HE TOLD VIEW]S ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS F9ANC+ ! OPPOSITION4 

,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ALSO B5EFITS FROM ,NIC>AGUA'S IMMIGRATION POLICY1 :I* PROHIBITS ! TRANSIT ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE :O >E TRY+ TO CROSS ,NIC>AGUA ON !IR WAY OV]L& TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 

,! DEM&S ( ! CAMPES9O MOVEM5T >E ! *IEF FACTOR ?AT CONTRADICTS ! AG5DA ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,REACT+ AGA9/ CORPORATE M9+ COMPANIES1 EXTRACTIVE 9DU/RIES1 & MONOCROP 9DU/RIAL AGRICULTURE IS A KEY ELEM5T ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,IF !SE DEM&S W]E FULFILL$1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES W\LD HAVE TO /OP LOOK+ AT ,NIC>AGUA AS A PLACE TO EXTRACT RES\RCES FROM & 9VE/ MONEY 9 = ! SAKE ( TURN+ A PR(IT4 

,! O!R FACTOR ?AT CONTRADICTS ! AG5DA ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IS ! DEM& = AUTONOMY4 ,ON :AT CONDITIONS WILL ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HELP ,NIC>AGUA8 ,WILL !Y HELP US A*IEVE AUTONOMY EV5 IF FUTURE GOV]NM5TS DI/ANCE !MSELVES FROM ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ECONOMIC POLICIES8 ,LOOK+ AT HUNDR$S ( YE>S ( ,U,S 9T]V5TION 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ?IS SEEMS UNLIKELY1 TO SAY ! LEA/4 

,?9K+ ,AHEAD 

  

,! BIGGE/ FI<T RI<T N[ IS AGA9/ AU?ORIT>IANISM1 9 :ATEV] %APE IT TAKES4 ,IF ! CURR5T POPUL> 9SURRECTION IS A REACTION AGA9/ EV]Y?+ ?AT ,ORTEGA IS1 !N ! ALT]NATIVE W\LD BE A ,NIC>AGUA ?AT IS AUTONOM\S4 

,:AT DOES 0AUTONOM\S0 MEAN8 ,= /UD5TS1 IT MEANS A FREE $UCATION )\T GOV]NM5T 9T]V5TION & MANIPULATION4 ,= FEM9I/S1 IT MEANS ?AT ! GOV]NM5T \<T TO KEEP ITS LAWS (F WOM5'S BODIES :ILE CREAT+ SOCIAL & ECONOMIC PROGRAMS FO/] WOM5'S 9DEP5D5CE FROM M54 ,= ! CAMPES9O MOVEM5T1 IT MEANS CONTROL & AG5CY OV] !IR L&S4 ,= O!RS1 IT W\LD MEAN BUILD+ A POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ?AT PROTECTS PEOPLE'S RI<TS & GU>ANTEES FREE HEAL? & $UCATION4 ,9 ANY CASE1 AUTONOMY MEANS PRIORITIZ+ ! DEM&S ( ! ,NIC>AGUAN PEOPLE OV] ?OSE ( 9T]NATIONAL CORPORATIONS4 

,AUTONOMY W\LD MEAN AB&ON+ ! CUT?ROAT POLICIES ( ! ,ORTEGA GOV]NM5T4 ,IT W\LD MEAN RESPECT+ 9DIG5\S T]RITORIES1 EXPELL+ CORPORATE M9+ COMPANIES1 & REJECT+ ! NEOLIB]AL POLICIES ?AT AFFECT CAMPES9OS ! MO/4 ,:ATEV] GOV]NM5T FOLL[S ,ORTEGA \<T TO RADICALLY *ANGE ITS POLITICAL /RUCTURE4 ,IT WILL BE FAC+ A POPULATION ?AT HAS SUFF]$ UND] BO? RI<T-W+ & 0LEFT-W+ POPULI/0 GOV]NM5TS4 ,IT \<T TO RECOGNIZE ! DEM&S ( ALL ! SECTORS ?AT HAVE P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! UPRIS+4 

,P>TICIPANTS 9 ! /UD5T MOVEM5TS1 ! FEM9I/ MOVEM5T1 & ! CAMPES9O MOVEM5T %\LD REALI/ICALLY CONSID] :E!R A NEW POLITICAL P>TY & NEW ELECTIONS CAN FULFILL !IR DEM&S4 ,! TRU? IS ?AT ELECTORAL APPROA*ES WILL ALMO/ C]TA9LY WAT] D[N ! DEM&S ( ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 IF !Y C\LD FULFILL !M AT ALL4 ,TO GIVE !SE MOVEM5TS SOME CR$IT1 WE HOPE ?AT !Y WILL CONT9UE TO PROTE/ ) ! SAME 9T5SITY AGA9/ ! NEXT GOV]NM5T IF !IR DEM&S >5'T MET4 

,IF ELECTIONS OCCUR 9 #bai & ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS DON'T REA* CONS5SUS ON :AT K9D ( P>TY !Y WANT TO =M1 9/EAD RUNN+ ) MULTIPLE P>TIES1 !Y RISK DIVID+ ! OPPOSITION & LOS+ AGA9/ ,ORTEGA4 ,FROM ?IS VANTAGE PO9T1 IT IS UNCLE> :E!R ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA W\LD RUN = PRESID5T4 

,CURR5TLY1 NO ONE HAS />T$ CAMPAIGN+ = (FICE2 IT HAS NOT BE5 A PRIORITY BECAUSE ! ANTICIPAT$ ELECTIONS HAVE NOT BE5 ANN\NC$ YET4 ,ALL ATT5TION HAS BE5 FOCUS$ ON ! PRES5T1 ON CONDEMN+ ! VIOL5CE1 PROTECT+ ALL ! PEOPLE :O >E BE+ P]SECUT$1 & TRY+ TO HOLD ,ORTEGA ACC\NTABLE4 

,!RE >E ALREADY MANY POLITICIANS :O WANT TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! SITUATION4 ,REC5TLY1 ! *IEF RI<T-W+ POLITICAL P>TY 9 ,NIC>AGUA1 ! ,P,L,C1 /AT$ ?AT IT WANT$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! DIALOGUE2 BUT ?IS WAS MASSIVELY REJECT$ ON SOCIAL M$IA1 ON ACC\NT ( ! OPPRESSIVE HI/ORY ( ! ,P,L,C4 

,ALL POLITICAL P>TIES & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS NE$ TO TAKE C>E NOT TO P]PETUATE ! MI/AKES ?AT HAVE BE5 COMMITT$ 9 ! PA/4 ,AFT] #c PEOPLE HAVE BE5 MURD]$1 AFT] WE HAVE WITNESS$ ! L5G?S ! ,ORTEGUI/A GOV]NM5T IS WILL+ TO GO TO 5SURE ITS SUPREMACY1 WE NE$ TO *ANGE ! POLITICAL FIELD COMPLETELY & ?R[ \T ! TRADITIONAL APPROA* TO POLITICAL P>TICIPATION & REPRES5TATION4 ,PEOPLE MU/ BE WILL+ TO CRITIQUE & /& AGA9/ !SE MOVEM5TS & !IR ALLIES IF !Y SEE ?AT HI/ORY IS REPEAT+ AGA94 

,I F9D HOPE 9 ANO!R POPUL> *ANT1 0,EL PUEBLO NI SE R9DE1 NI SE V5DE0--! PEOPLE NEI!R GIVE UP NOR SELL !MSELVES4 ,!RE HAS BE5 A POPUL> CALL AGA9/ 0SELL+ \T10 />T$ BY /UD5TS 9 RELATION%IP TO ! ,UNION ,NACIONAL DE ,E/UDIANTES DE ,NIC>AGUA 7,U,N,571 & ALSO BY ! ,AUTOCONVOCADOS ?AT REFUSE TO P>TICIPATE 9 ELECTORAL POLITICS4 ,HOPEFULLY ?IS CALL WILL RESONATE JU/ AS /RONGLY 9 ! FUTURE4 

,IF ! RI<T W+ GA9S TRACTION1 !Y WILL HAVE TO DEAL ) ! FEM9I/S & !IR CRITIQUE ( ! /ATE & PATRI>*Y2 !Y WILL HAVE TO DEAL ) ! /UD5TS & ! DEM& = AN ACCESSIBLE1 HI<-QUALITY1 FREE1 & AUTONOM\S $UCATION2 !Y WILL HAVE TO DEAL ) ! DEM&S ( ! CAMPES9OS ?AT !RE BE NO MORE EXTRACTIVE 9DU/RIES 9 !IR L& OR ON 9DIG5\S L&2 !Y WILL HAVE TO DEAL ) ! NEW ,NIC>AGUAN LEFT1 :I* IS ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN & OPPOS$ TO CORRUPTION2 !Y WILL HAVE TO DEAL ) ! PEOPLE'S DEM& = TRANSP>5CY & DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 ,IF A NEW GOV]NM5T MESSES ) ONE SECTOR1 !Y WILL MESS ) ALL SECTORS--PROVID$ ! CALLS = 0UNITY0 HOLD4 

,! CURR5T MOVEM5TS NE$ TO PROVIDE = ! NECESSITIES ( ! PEOPLE & DEVELOP AN 9T]SECTIONAL UND]/&+ ( OPPRESSION4 ,HOPEFULLY1 EV5 IF !Y GA9 REPRES5TATION 9 FUTURE GOV]NM5TS1 !Y WILL CONT9UE TO OP]ATE \TSIDE ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,ALL MOVEM5TS NE$ TO BE VIGILANT ( ! ECONOMIC ELITE & ! POLITICAL RI<T W+4 ,!RE IS A HI/ORY ( LEFTI/S MAK+ POLITICAL DEALS ) ! 5EMY1 BUT IF !SE MOVEM5TS TRULY 9VE/ !IR P[] 9 ! PEOPLE1 9 POLITICS FROM BELL[1 !Y WILL BECOME H>D TO CO-OPT4 

,AS WE LOOK = HOPE = ! FUTURE1 WE MU/ BE> 9 M9D ! LEAD]LESS NATURE ( ALL ! NEW MOVEM5TS1 WE MU/ BE> 9 M9D ALL ! ATTEMPTS AT SELF-GOV]NM5T & FIR/ & =EMO/ ! VISION ( AUTONOMY ?AT HAS BE5 ! MA9 DRIV+ FACTOR = CAMPES9OS1 FEM9I/S1 /UD5TS1 & O!R ,NIC>AGUANS4 

,APP5DIX3 #ai ,REASONS ,:Y ! ,ORTEGA ,P>TY ,%\LD ,GO 

  

,?IS IS A TRANSLATION ( AN >TICLE ?AT ORIG9ALLY APPE>$ ON A ,BASQUE FEM9I/ SITE4 ,! ORIG9AL >TICLE 9CLUDES FUR!R RES\RCES REG>D+ EA* PO9T4 ,WE 9CLUDE IT H]E TO GIVE GREAT] CONTEXT = H[ P>TICIPANTS 9 ! UPRIS+ >E EXPRESS+ !IR GRIEVANCES4  

,= RAP+ HIS /EPDAU<T]1 ,ZOILAM]ICA ,ORTEGA-,MURILLO1 S9CE %E WAS #ab YE>S OLD4 ,?IS OCCURR$ EV5 DUR+ ! ,S&9I/A ,REVOLUTION 9 ! #a#i#hS4 ,ZOILAM]ICA HAS BE5 9 EXILE 9 ,CO/A ,RICA = YE>S1 ESCAP+ P]SECUTION 9 ,NIC>AGUA4 ,:5 ,ZOILAM]ICA D5\NC$ ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA 9 ! #a#i#iS1 = MANY ?IS M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( ! DET]IORATION ( ! ,S&9I/A ,P>TY1 :I* SL[LY BECAME ! ,ORTEGUI/A ,P>TY4  

,BECAUSE 9 ! LATE #a#i#iS1 HE MADE A POLITICAL ALLIANCE ) RI<T-W+ CAPITALI/ ,>NOLDO ,ALEMAN1 DISMANTL+ ,NIC>AGUA'S 9/ITUTIONALITY & CREAT+ A TWO-P>TY SY/EM4 ,! ,S&9I/AS1 :O W]E /ILL A P[]FUL =CE 9 ,NIC>AGUA 9 ! #a#i#iS1 MADE A POLITICAL PACT ?R\< ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA ) ,>NOLDO ,ALEMAN 9 ORD] TO RUN ! C\NTRY TOGE!R4 ,?IS WAS A HUGE BETRAYAL ( ! ,S&9I/A ,REVOLUTION4 ,= MANY1 ?IS WAS EV5T ?AT BETRAY$ ALL ( ,S&9I/A IDEALS & BEGAN ! PROCESS ( TURN+ ,S&9ISMO 9TO ,ORTEGUISMO4  

,BECAUSE 9 #b#f1 HE NEGOTIAT$ ) ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* & RI<T-W+ POLITICAL =CES TO MAKE ABORTION ILLEGAL4 ,9 ORD] = ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA TO W9 ! #b#f_/#b#g PRESID5CY1 HE HAD TO OBTA9 ! APPROVAL ( ! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR*1 A *UR* ?AT WAS EXTREMELY CONS]VATIVE & RI<T-W+4 ,! *UR* W\LD ONLY GIVE ,ORTEGA ITS BLESS+ IF ,ORTEGA MADE ABORTION ILLEGAL4 ,9 A POOR DEVELOP+ C\NTRY LIKE ,NIC>AGUA1 ?IS LAW AFFECT$ WORK+ CLASS & RURAL WOM5 ! MO/4  

,BECAUSE HE REMOV$ ! ,COMIS>IAS DE LA ,MUJ] 7,/ATE ,WOM5 ,C5T]S7 & WAT]$-D[N ,LEY #ggi 7,LAW #g#g#i71 A LAW ?AT PROTECT$ WOM5 FROM SEXUAL VIOL5CE1 GIV+ IMPUNITY TO M5 :O COMMIT ASSAULTS4 ,!SE WOM5'S C5T]S W]E DESIGN$ TO PROTECT & EXP$ITE WOM5'S & FAMILY ISSUES1 BUT AFT] MALE PRESSURE1 !Y W]E DEFUND$ & >E PRACTICALLY NON-EXI/5T N[4 ,! #ggi ,LAW WAS A V]Y PROGRESSIVE LAW DESIGN$ BY FEM9I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* WAS APPROV$ BUT LAT] SL[LY WAT]$ D[N4  

,= SELL+ ! C\NTRY TO =EIGN 5T]PRISES1 APPROV+ ! BUILD+ ( ! CANAL ?AT DISPLAC$ 9DIG5\S & CAMPES9O COMMUNITIES1 & /RIPP+ AWAY NATURAL RES\RCES4 ,! CANAL WAS NEV] BUILT1 BUT ! LEGAL 9FRA/RUCTURE TO DISPLACE & OCCUPY NATURAL & 9DIG5\S T]RITORY IS /ILL 9 PLACE4  

,BECAUSE !Y *ANG$ ! CON/ITUTION 9 ORD] ?AT ,ORTEGA C\LD BE REELECT$ 9DEF9ITELY & A FAMILY MEMB] LIKE ,ROS>IO ,MURILLO C\LD BE ,VICE-,PRESID5T4 ,ORTEGA IS N[ ON HIS ?IRD T]M & IS NOT WILL+ TO FA/-TRACK ! NEXT ELECTIONS4  

,BECAUSE HE HAS ACCEL]AT$ ! EXPLOITATION ( NATURAL RES]VES LIKE ,BOSAWAS & ,9DIO ,MAIZ4 ,!SE TWO NATURAL RES\RCES >E PROTECT$ BY ! /ATE & %\LD NOT BE US$ AS RES\RCES2 NEV]!LESS1 ! /ATE & ECONOMIC ELITE B5EFIT FROM ! DE=E/ATIONS ( !SE NATURAL RES]VES4  

,BECAUSE HE HAS CON/ITUT$ A GOV]NM5T BAS$ ON NEPOTISM4 ,! MEMB]S ( HIS FAMILY HOLD KEY POSITIONS 9 ! GOV]NM5T4 ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA'S SONS & DAU<T]S >E POLITICAL ADVIS]S & CONTROL GOV]NM5T M$IA & COMMUNICATIONS4  

,BECAUSE HE NEGOTIAT$ & ALL[$ ! EXPROPRIATION ( 9DIG5\S T]RITORIES1 DISPLAC+ 9DIG5\S COMMUNITIES & MURD]+ 9DIG5\S LEAD]S4 ,BY EMBRAC+ NEOLIB]ALISM1 ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA HAS CREAT$ ! CONDITIONS 9 :I* CAMPES9OS & MONOCROP COMPANIES CAN ILLEGALLY 5T] 9DIG5\S T]RITORIES & OCCUPY !IR L&4  

,BECAUSE HE IGNOR$ ! POPUL> FI<T AGA9/ EXTRACTIVISM & GAVE 9T]NATIONAL M9+ COMPANIES LIKE ,B#b,G,O,L,D P]MISSION TO EXTRACT M9]ALS 9 RURAL COMMUNITIES4 ,S9CE ,ORTEGA'S PRESID5CY 9 #b#g1 ! CAMPES9O MOVEM5T & FIGURES LIKE ,FRANCISCA ,RAMIREZ HAVE CONT9UALLY PROTE/$ & MOBILIZ$ AGA9/ ! EXTRACTIVE 9DU/RIES ?AT AFFECT CAMPES9O RURAL COMMUNITIES & 5VIRONM5TS ! MO/4  

,BECAUSE HE HAS CONT9UALLY H>ASS$ & P]SECUT$ FEM9I/S1 HUMAN RI<TS GR\PS1 & CAMPES9O LEAD]S4 ,BE=E ,APRIL #b#a#h1 IT WAS 9CONCEIVABLE TO PROTE/ 9 ! /REETS )\T BE+ H>ASS$ BY ! ,S&9I/A ,Y\? OR ! ,POLICE4 ,?IS 5SUR$ ! SUPREMACY ( ! ,ORTEGUI/A ,P>TY OV] ! PUBLIC SPACE4  

,BECAUSE HE HAS CO-OPT$ O!R POLITICAL P>TIES & HAS PREV5T$ NEW POLITICAL P>TIES FROM =M+ & RUNN+ 9 ! ELECTIONS4 ,ELECTIONS >E NOT 9T]NATIONALLY SUP]VIS$ & >E NOT TRANSP>5T4 ,?IS HAS G5]AT$ A L>GE ABS5TEE CULTURE4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 HE HAS FIR$ GOV]NM5T (FICIALS :O W]E NOT WILL+ TO FOLL[ HIS ORD]S OR BE COMPLICIT 9 FRAUDUL5T ELECTIONS4  

,BECAUSE HE =CES ALL /ATE EMPLOYES TO ATT5D GOV]NM5T M>*ES1 & IF !Y DON'T ATT5D !Y WILL BE FIR$4  

,BECAUSE HE PROMOT$ AN 9HUMANE BORD] POLICY ?AT HAS LEFT ?\S&S /R&$ 9 ,CO/A ,RICA4 ,! ,NIC>AGUAN MIGRATION POLICY PREV5TS HUNDR$S :O >E TRY+ TO REA* ! ,UNITES ,/ATES FROM CROSS+ OV] 9TO ,NIC>AGUA4 ,IF Y\ GO TO ! BORD] BETWE5 ,NIC>AGUA & ,CO/A ,RICA1 Y\ WILL F9D CAMPS FILL$ ) ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN & ,C>IBBEAN FAMILIES ?AT WANT TO TRAVEL ?R\< ,NIC>AGUA TO GO NOR?1 BUT ! ,NIC>AGUAN GOV]NM5T WON'T ALL[ !M ?R\<4  

,BECAUSE HE HAS US$ /ATE FUNDS 7LIKE ! ONES 9 ! SOCIAL SECURITY SY/EM7 TO 9VE/ 9 HIS [N FAMILY BUS9ESSES4 ,! ,ORTEGA FAMILY [NS A LOT ( PROP]TY & BUS9ESSES & CREAT$ !IR WEAL? BY GOV]N+ ! /ATE4  

,BECAUSE !RE IS NO TRANSP>5CY 9 H[ ! GOV]NM5T SP5DS ! MONEY ?AT >RIVES FROM ,V5EZUELA OR O!R 9T]NATIONAL COOP]ATION4 ,?IS MONEY HAS 5SUR$ ! ,ORTEGUI/A P>TY'S SUPREMACY4  

,= US+ HIS SOCIAL PROGRAMS AS CLI5TELISM1 PRIORITIZ+ AID TO ONLY ,ORTEGUI/A P>TY MEMB]S4 ,HE HAS PRIVATIZ$ SOCIALISM1 9 ! S5SE ?AT GOV]NM5T SOCIAL PROGRAMS >E DIRECTLY TI$ TO PRO-GOV]NM5T AFFILIATION1 RA!R ?AN TO HUMAN RI<TS OR HUMAN DIGNITY4  

,BECAUSE HE HAS CRIM9ALIZ$ PROTE/S & MURD]$ HUNDR$S ( /UD5TS1 CAMPES9OS1 WOM51 & *ILDR54 ,! ,ORTEGUI/A P>TY1 :I* CONTROLS CONGRESS1 PASS$ AN 0,ANTI-,T]RORISM ,LAW0 :I* GIVES UP TO #b TO #c YE>S ( PRISON TO ANYBODY :O AIDES ! PROTE/S4  

,BECAUSE HE BETRAY$ ,S&9ISMO4 ,ORTEGUISMO IS NOT ! SAME AS ,S&9ISMO4 ,S&9O'S ORIG9AL IDEAS HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY IGNOR$ & ! SPIRIT ( ! REVOLUTION HAS BE5 CO-OPT$ BY ,DANIEL ,ORTEGA4 ,ORTEGA HAS MONOPOLIZ$ ! LEFT 9 ,NIC>AGUA1 NOT ALL[+ = ANY LEFTI/ CRITIQUES ( HIS GOV]NM5T4  
  

.<#a.> ,!SE /ATI/ICS COME FROM ! ,C5TRO ,NIC>AGU5SE DE LOS ,D]E*OS ,HUMANOS .<,C,5,I,D,H.>4 ,! ,C,5,I,D,H REPORT DOESN'T DISCUSS :I* SIDE ! DECEAS$ ID5TIFI$ )1 BUT ,&,P,H SAYS ?AT ! LI/ 9CLUDES AB\T #dh PRO-GOV]NM5T P>AMILIT>IES1 #bd POLICEM51 & ONE MEMB] ( ! MILIT>Y1 ) ! REMA9D] BE+ PROTE/]S & O!R CIVILIANS4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO F9D S\RCES >GU+ ?AT ! PROTE/]S >E RESPONSIBLE = MANY ( ! KILL+S1 BUT 9 ANY CASE1 ! PROTE/]S >E NOT ! ONES >RE/+ PEOPLE OR =C+ PEOPLE TO LEAVE ,NIC>AGUA4 

.<#b.> ,= EXAMPLE1 POLICE AS WELL AS P>AMILIT>IES DISPLAY ! ,F,L,S,N FLAG1 & *ILDR5'S HI/ORY BOOKS LAUD ! ,ORTEGA GOV]NM5T4 ,! DAY IMM$IATELY AFT] ,U,N,A,N WAS RAID$ BY P>AMILIT>IES1 ! ,F,L,S,N FLAG WAS RAIS$ ON CAMPUS4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #a#g? ,JUNE #bba FROM CRIME?9C4COM47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bbb 3 ,TAK+ ,/OCK ( ! ,NIC>AGUAN ,UPRIS+ -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/