,APP5DIX1 ,P>T #a 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W7 

,TEXT 3 

,R,A,T,I,F,I,C,A,T,I,O,N ,M,E,E,T,+ 
,APP5DIX1 ,P>T ,I 

,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,W,O,R,K,],S ,( ,! 
,W,O,R,L,D1 ,*,I,C,A,G,O1 ,J,U,L,Y #g4 

,SPEE*ES ,DELIV]$ BY3 

,?,O,M,A,S ,J4 ,H,A,G,],T,Y1 ,?,O,S4 ,P,[,],S1 
,W,M4 ,D4 ,H,A,Y,W,O,O,D1 ,*,A,S4 ,O4 ,%,],M,A,N1 
,W,I,L,L,I,A,M ,E4 ,T,R,A,U,T,M,A,N1  ,P,A,T ,O',N,E,I,L 

,M,I,S,S ,L,U,E,L,L,A ,T,W,9,+1 ,PRESID+4 

,A MEET+ TO RATIFY ! WORK ( ! ,*ICAGO CONV5TION 9 =M+ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1 WAS HELD AT ,BR&'S ,HALL1 9 ?AT CITY1 ON ,FRIDAY EV5+1 ,JULY #g1 AT #h O'CLOCK4 ,! HALL WAS COMPLETELY FILL$1 & MANY PEOPLE W]E COMPELL$ TO /& ?R\<\T ! MEET+4 ,! GREATE/ 5?USIASM WAS MANIFE/$ AS ! DIFF]5T SPEAK]S EXPLA9$ ! PURPOSES ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,MISS ,LUELLA ,TW9+1 ( ,PUEBLO1 ,COLORADO1 REPRES5T+ ! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]AL ,UNION1 PRESID$ & 9TRODUC$ ! SPEAK]S4 

,9 OP5+ ! MEET+ ,MISS ,TW9+ MADE ! FOLL[+ SPEE*3 

,FELL[ WORK]S3--,WE HAVE COME TO CELEBRATE & RATIFY ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD4 ,9DU/RIAL UNIONISM /&S = ! SOLID>ITY ( LABOR4 ,UND] 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM IT W\LD NOT BE POSSIBLE ?AT ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S1 :5 ON /RIKE1 C\LD BE %OT D[N BY ! MILITIA HAUL$ BY TRA9M54 ,9DU/RIAL UNIONISM /&S = SOLID>ITY4 ,I WILL NOT EXPLA9 ! PR9CIPLES ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM FUR!R1 = !RE IS NO ONE ON ! PROGRAM BUT :O IS CELEBRAT$ AS AN EXPON5T ( !SE PR9CIPLES4 ,! FIR/ SPEAK] ON ! PROGRAM WILL BE ,?OMAS ,J4 ,HAG]TY1 ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S' ,CLUB ( ,*ICAGO4 ,Y\ ALL KN[ ( HIM2 HE IS A CELEBRAT$ SPEAK]4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,A,D,D,R,E,S,S ,( ,?,O,M,A,S ,J4 ,H,A,G,],T,Y3 

,AFT] ! APPLAUSE HAD SUBSID$1 ,HAG]TY SPOKE AS FOLL[S3 

,I DO NOT WANT TO TAKE UP MU* ( Y\R TIME TO-NI<T1 BECAUSE ,I KN[ SOME ( ! M5 H]E1 ! EV]YDAY WORK]S FROM ! %OP & ! MILL & ! FACTORY1 HAVE A MESSAGE TO DELIV] TO Y\ TONI<T ?AT R+S TRUE1 BECAUSE IT COMES FROM ! LIPS ( REVOLUTION>Y WORK+M54 ,! PREAMBLE UPON :I* !Y /& SETS =? V]Y CLE>LY ! REASON ( ?IS RATIFICATION MEET+1 NAMELY1 ?AT !RE >E TWO CLASSES 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 & ?AT !Y HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON4 ,MANY ( ! WORK]S HAVE BE5 MISL$ 9TO ! BELIEF ?AT !Y HAVE MANY ?+S 9 COMMON ) ! %IRK+ CLASS4 ,I HAVE MET M51 WORK]S1 :O SAID TO ME3 0,:Y1 ,I HAV5'T ANY OBJECTION AGA9/ MY EMPLOY]2 HE IS A GOOD FELL[2 :5 HE MEETS Y\ ON ! /REET HE %AKES H&S ) Y\ JU/ ! SAME AS ) ANY O!R SORT ( MAN1 & ,I AM OPPOS$ TO ?IS TALK AB\T W> BETWE5 ! CLASSES4 ,?AT IS NOT TRUE1 BECAUSE ,I AM WELL TREAT$ BY MY BOSS40 ,! MAN :O IS 9 ?IS /ATE ( M9D T[>DS ! CLASS /RUGGLE REM9DS ME ALWAYS ( A /ORY ?AT ,I AM FOND ( TELL+4 ,IT WAS ORIG9ALLY TOLD ME BY A LONG1 LANK1 RAW-BON$ ,K5TUCKIAN ON ! ,OKLAHOMA1 ,*OCTAW & ,GULF ,RAILWAY 9 ,9DIAN ,T]RITORY ?REE SUMM]S AGO4 ,IT IS V]Y HOT 9 ! ,9DIAN ,T]RITORY 9 ! SUMM] TIME4 ,ONE ( ! SPEAK]S :O WILL TALK TO Y\ IS FROM ,>KANSAS1 & HE CAN TELL Y\ SOME?+ AB\T ,9DIAN ,T]RITORY AFT] A :ILE4 ,! MAN :O TOLD ME ! /ORY SAID HE NOTIC$ A FELL[ SITT+ UND] A WAT] TANK ONE DAY1 SCRAT*+ HIMSELF V]Y VIGOR\SLY4 ,AFT] A GOOD DEAL ( SQUIRM+ >\ND HE F9ALLY BR\<T SOME?+ TO ! LI<T & LOOK$ AT IT V]Y C>EFULLY & CAUTI\SLY & 9T5TLY FROM EV]Y PO9T ( VIEW1 & !N JU/ AS C>EFULLY PUT IT BACK AGA9 9 ! SAME PLACE4 ,! MAN /&+ ALONGSIDE ( HIM TURN$ >\ND & SAID3 0,:Y1 Y\ BLAM$ IDIOT1 :Y DIDN'T Y\ KILL ! D>N$ ?+80 ,! FIR/ FELL[ LOOK$ >\ND AT HIM 9 AMUSEM5T & SAID3 0,:Y1 ?AT WASN'T ! ONE ?AT WAS BIT+ ME40 7,LAU<T]74 ,& SO !RE >E WORK+M5 TO-DAY :O KEEP ON PUTT+ ! P>ASITE BACK BECAUSE IT DOES NOT HAPP5 TO BE ! P>TICUL> ONE ?AT WAS BIT+ 7APPLAUSE7--FAIL+ TO REALIZE ?AT ! :OLE P>ASITE SY/EM IS DRA9+ !IR LIFE BLOOD1 & ?9K+1 BECAUSE A P>TICUL> P>ASITE IS NOT AT A P>TICUL> TIME BIT+ !M1 ?AT !RE=E !RE IS NO CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1 !N1 IS F\ND$ ON ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,ITS MEMB]S KN[ FROM !IR [N BITT] EXP]I5CE JU/ :AT IT MEANS TO BE EXPLOIT$4 ,!Y >E NOT ABLE ALWAYS TO PUT !IR KN[L$GE 9TO F9E TE*NICAL PHRASES2 !Y DO NOT KN[ V]Y MU* AB\T ?AT SORT ( ?+1 BUT !Y KN[ :AT !Y WANT4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT ! O!R FELL[ IS N[ PUTT+ ! BOOTS TO !M1 & !Y WANT TO WE> ! BOOTS !MSELVES4 ,!Y KN[ :5 !Y GO \T UPON ! /REETS ?AT ! MAN :O DOES ! LEA/ WORK HAS ! MO/ ( ! GOOD ?+S4 ,!Y WALK \T ON ,SUNDAYS ) !IR WIVES & !IR LITTLE ONES1 & !Y SEE ! WIVES ( !IR EMPLOY]S RU/L+ 9 SILKS & SAT9S4 ,!Y HE> ! RU% ( ! ONCOM+ R$ DEVIL WAGON & ! TOOT ( ITS HORN1 & !Y KN[ 9/9CTIVELY ?AT BETWE5 ! CLASS ?AT HAVE ALL !SE GOOD ?+S & DO NOT LABOR = !M1 & !IR [N CLASS :I* HAS NONE ( !SE ?+S1 !IR [N CLASS :I* MU/ GET \T ( ! WAY ( ! :EELS AT ! TOOT ( ?AT HORN1 !IR [N CLASS :I* IS 9 CALICO :5 ! O!R CLASS IS 9 SILKS--!Y KN[ ?AT BETWE5 !SE TWO CLASSES !RE IS A W> & A /RUGGLE1 & ?AT ?AT /RUGGLE MU/ GO ON1 AS ! ,PREAMBLE SETT+ =? ! PR9CIPLES ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD /ATES1 0UNTIL ALL ! WORK]S COME TOGE!R ON ! POLITICAL AS WELL AS ON ! 9DU/RIAL FIELD & TAKE & HOLD ?AT :I* !Y PRODUCE BY !IR LABOR1 ?R\< AN ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS )\T AFFILIATION ) ANY POLITICAL P>TY40 7,APPLAUSE74 ,!Y KN[ :AT !Y WANT1 & :5 A SUFFICI5T NUMB] ( !M KN[ :AT !Y WANT1 !N ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD PROPOSES1 9 CONJUNCTION ) ALL O!R WORK]S1 ?R\< UNIT$ PUBLIC ACTION TO TAKE & HOLD ?AT :I* BELONGS TO !M4 

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD HAVE NO?+ TO CONCEAL FROM ! RE/ ( !IR FELL[ WORK]S4 ,!Y DO NOT SMO!R !IR PURPOSE 9 ANY F9E ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR PHRASES AB\T ! COMMUNITY ( 9T]E/ BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ CLASS & ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!Y /& F\R-SQU>E TO ! TRUE 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S1 ON A PLAT=M ?AT IS UNMI/AKABLE1 ON A PLAT=M ?AT RECOGNIZES NO >I/OCRACY ( LABOR1 ?AT RECOGNIZES A ,T-BONE BEEF/EAK HAS AS MU* N\RI%M5T VALUE 9 IT TO ! /OMA* ( A HOD-C>RI] AS IT HAS TO ! /OMA* ( ! MO/ >I/OCRATIC ,TYPOGRAPHICAL ,UNION MAN 7APPLAUSE71 & ?AT FUNDAM5TALLY1 AT BOTTOM1 !RE >E ! SAME HUMAN WANTS ( FOOD1 %ELT] & RA94 ,IT IS AGRE$ UPON ALL ?OSE ?+S4 ,IT IS AGRE$ ON !M1 NOT BECAUSE SOME ( ! WORK]S >E BETT] PAID ?AN O!RS1 BUT IT IS AGRE$ UPON !M BECAUSE !SE >E ! GR\ND DEM&S ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO-DAY1 & UNTIL !Y >E OBTA9$ ! WORK+ CLASS MU/ REMA9 9 WANT1 HUNG] & MIS]Y4 ,IT IS PRIM>ILY AN $UCATIONAL MOVEM5T TO %[ ! WORK]S ?AT !IR 9T]E/S >E COMMON 9 EV]Y P>T ( ! WORLD4 

,! O!R DAY1 ACCORD+ TO ! NEWSPAP]S1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,H>VE/] ,COMPANY WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ,ODESSA2 SOME ( ITS PROP]TY WAS 9 DANG]4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WORK+MAN \T ON /RIKE 9 ,ODESSA IS EXPLOIT$ BY ! SAME EMPLOY] AS ! WORK+MAN \T ON /RIKE 9 ?IS CITY H]E AT ! WORKS ( ! ,MC,CORMICK ,H>VE/] ,COMPANY & ?OSE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,H>VE/] ,COMPANY4 ,!RE IS A WORLD-WIDE EXPLOIT+ CLASS1 & SO ANY MOVEM5T AGA9/ ?AT CLASS MU/ /RET* \T ALL OV] ! WORLD4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,! LETT]S RECEIV$ AT ?IS CONV5TION FROM =EIGN 9DU/RIAL UNION MOVEM5TS1 FROM ,FRANCE1 ,G]MANY1 ,D5M>K1 %[ CONCLUSIVELY ?AT ?IS IS NOT SOME?+ NEW 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,AB\T FIVE YE>S AGO 9 ,SPA9 SU* A CONV5TION1 SU* A CONGRESS ( ! WORK]S AS HAS BE5 HOLD+ H]E DUR+ ! PA/ WEEK WAS HELD 9 ,MADRID1 & ! LA/ CONGRESS HELD LA/ MON? 9 ,MADRID ISSU$ A MANIFE/O ALONG ! SAME L9ES AS ! MANIFE/O ?AT CALL$ ! WORK]S TO ?IS CONV5TION1 & = ! SAME ULTIMATE OBJECT4 ,SO ?AT 9 SPITE ( PETTY NATIONAL L9ES1 9 SPITE ( 9T]NATIONAL DIVISION L9ES1 ! WORK]S ! WORLD OV] >E COM+ TOGE!R ON ! GR\ND ( !IR COMMON WORK+ CLASS 9T]E/S1 )\T REG>D TO RACE1 COLOR1 CRE$ OR FLAG1 & !Y >E COM+ TOGE!R BECAUSE ! E>? & ALL ?AT ! E>? HOLDS & ALL ITS POSSIBILITIES >E !IRS-->E !IRS BY RI<T ( MUSCLE1 >E !IRS BY RI<T ( LABOR1 & !Y PROPOSE TO TAKE !M & TO 5JOY !M = !IR CLASS1 FROM ANTIPODE TO ANTIPODE4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,! ,*AIRWOMAN3--,! NEXT SPEAK] WILL BE ,?OMAS ,P[]S1 ( ! TEXTILE WORK]S1 ( ,PROVID5CE1 ,R4 ,I4 ,Y\ ALL KN[ ! CONDITION ( ! TEXTILE WORK]S4 ,I TAKE GREAT PLEASURE 9 9TRODUC+ ,?OMAS ,P[]S1 :O WILL SPEAK TO Y\ ( !M4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,A,D,D,R,E,S,S ,( ,?,O,M,A,S ,P,[,],S3 

,MADAM ,*AIRMAN & ,FELL[ ,WORK+M5 ( ,*ICAGO3--,I NEV] 9DULG$ ! ?\<T ?AT ,I W\LD EV] BECOME IMPORTANT 5\< TO BE 9TRODUC$ AT A MEET+ ( ?IS K9D4 ,A WORK+MAN TWELVE HUNDR$ MILES EA/ ( ?IS GREAT CITY COMES H]E TO MAKE COMMON CAUSE ) WORK+M5 TWELVE HUNDR$ MILES TO ! WE/ ( ?IS CITY4 ,FROM ALL PO9TS ( ! COMPASS WORK+M5 HAVE COME TO ?IS CITY TO MAKE COMMON CAUSE ) ONE ANO!R4 ,& :AT IS ! COMMON CAUSE8 ,! COMMON CAUSE IS ?AT :I* GR[S \T ( ! ORGANIZATION ( CAPITAL2 OR1 ,I MI<T SAY1 TO PUT IT MORE PLA9LY1 ! RAMPANT N9ETE5? C5TURY MADNESS ( GRE$ :I* IT 9DUCES4 ,DO Y\ KN[--( C\RSE Y\ DO--& ,I WANT TO TELL Y\ ?AT ,I TALK AB\T IT 9 ORD] ?AT Y\ MAY KN[--AS ,I KN[ & EV]Y MAN 9 ,RHODE ,ISL& KN[S--?AT ! SUCCESSFUL MAN ( TO-DAY1 ! SUCCESSFUL MAN :O IS MEASUR$ AS WE MEASURE SUCCESS TO-DAY1 BY HIS DOLL>S1 ?9KS1 & IS SU/A9$ 9 ! ?\<T1 9 HIS EV]Y ACT BY ! SO-CALL$ 9TELLECTUAL CLASS1 ?AT IT IS HIS RI<T & ?AT IT IS P]FECTLY PROP] ?AT HE %\LD LOOK UPON SOCIETY AS SOME?+ = HIM TO PREY UPON1 SOME?+ = HIM TO EXPLOIT4 ,TO :AT 5D8 ,TO ! 5D ?AT HE MI<T HAVE C\NTLESS DOLL>S1 ?AT HE MI<T HAVE P[]4 ,LET AS LOOK AT :AT HE HAS DONE ) HIS C\NTLESS DOLL>S4 ,LET US LOOK AT :AT HE HAS DONE ) HIS P[]4 ,TAKE UP ! DAILY PAP]S ( ,*ICAGO TO-DAY1 & Y\ WILL F9D ?AT HE HAS DOM9AT$ ! HALLS ( ! LEGISLATURE ( ?IS ,/ATE4 ,TAKE UP ANY PAP] OR READ ! ,ASSOCIAT$ ,PRESS DISPAT* NEWS & Y\ WILL F9D ?AT ?IS MONEY-GRUBB] HAS DOM9AT$ ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ,AM]ICAN CITIZ5%IP FROM ONE 5D ( ?IS L& TO ! O!R4 ,HIS CURSE1 HIS DEMORALIZ+ 9FLU5CE1 FL[S FROM ! EXECUTIVE *AIR ( ! NATION 9TO ! SEW] DEP>TM5T4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,IT IS = ?IS ?AT HE IS PIL+ UP HIS DOLL>S4 ,IT IS = ?IS ?AT HE IS SEEK+ P[]4 ,WAS IT = ?IS ?AT ! M5 ( ! ,AM]ICAN REVOLUTION PL$G$ !IR LIVES1 !IR =TUNES & !IR SACR$ HONOR8 ,WAS IT = ?IS ?AT ! M5 AT ,CONCORD BRIDGE 9 #aggf & ! M5 AT ,LEX+TON ,GRE51 ! M5 ON :OSE H&S W]E ! CALL\SES ?AT RESULT$ FROM DRIV+ ! PL[ & US+ ! HAMM]1 SPILL$ !IR BLOOD 9 ORD] TO GIVE ?IS REPUBLIC BIR?8 ,WAS IT = ?IS ?AT ?IS GOV]NM5T WAS 9/ITUT$1 TO BRE$ ! MO/ ACCURS$1 ! MO/ DEMORALIZ+ HORDE ( MONEY-GRUBB]S ?AT ! WORLD HAS EV] PRODUC$8 7,APPLAUSE47 

,?IS HAS GR[N \T ( :AT WE CALL CAPITALISM4 ,IT IS TO FI<T ?IS1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 ?AT WE >E ORGANIZ$4 ,& ?IS SAME COLD-BLOOD$1 BLOODY ?+ IS AT WORK 9 ,IREL&1 IS AT WORK 9 ,5GL&1 IS AT WORK 9 ,FRANCE1 9 ,BELGIUM & 9 ,G]MANY4 ,I BELIEVE !RE IS NOT A P>T ( ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD :]E ! 9FLU5CE ( ?IS CO>SE1 ?IS CUNN+1 ?IS BRUTAL MAN1 ?IS MONEY-GRABB]1 IS NOT FELT4 ,Y\ HE> 9 COMMON TALK ?IS OLD ADAGE1 ?AT 9 ! SOCIETY ( TO-DAY IT IS EV]Y MAN = HIMSELF & ! DEVIL TAKE ! H9DMO/4 ,N[1 DON'T Y\ BELIEVE ANY SU* ?+4 ,! DEVIL WILL DO NO?+ ( ! K9D4 ,! DEVIL W\LDN'T KN[ :AT TO DO ) ! H9DMO/1 HE W\LDN'T KN[ :]E TO PUT HIM4 7,LAU<T]74 ,! H9DMO/1 IF MANY ( !M GOT 9TO HIS DOM9IONS1 W\LD BE ! MEANS ( DE?RON+ HIM4 ,BUT 9/EAD ( TAK+ ! H9DMO/1 HE WILL TAKE ! =EMO/1 = HE WILL F9D !M M5 ( HIS [N HE>T4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,YES1 & HE WILL USE !M TO P]PETUATE HIS REIGN4 ,HE WILL GIVE !M PLACES & USE !M = ORNAM5TATION 9 ! C\NCIL *AMB]S ( HELL4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,N[1 WORK+MAN ( ,*ICAGO1 ,I AM A TEXTILE WORK]1 & ,I DON'T PRET5D TO UND]/& ANATOMY2 ,I KN[ NO?+ AB\T ?AT KN[L$GE ?AT PHYSICIANS POSSESS1 BUT !RE IS NOT A DAY1 !RE IS NOT A TIME ?AT ,I WALK ! /REETS ( ! CITY 9 :I* ,I LIVE BUT ,I AM PA9$ BY ! SPECTACLE ?AT IS PRES5T$ BY ! M5 & WOM5 :O FOLL[ ! CALL+ ,I FOLL[4 ,!Y >E PALE1 !Y >E EMACIAT$1 !Y >E NOT PROP]LY F$1 !Y DO NOT E>N 5\< TO GIVE !M GOOD FOOD 9 ORD] ?AT !Y MI<T HAVE GOOD BLOOD1 9 ORD] ?AT !Y MI<T BE /RONG2 & 9 ! CITY ( ,FALL ,RIV] IT IS EV5 WORSE ?AN IT IS 9 ! CITY 9 :I* ,I LIVE4 ,I (T5 WOND] H[ IT IS ?AT A PHYSICIAN CAN LIVE 9 ,FALL ,RIV]4 ,I (T5 ?9K H[ A MAN :O CAN READ1 :O CAN UND]/& :AT ?IS SPECTACLE MEANS1 H[ HE CAN LIVE & HAVE ?IS HORRIBLE SI<T PRES5T$ TO HIM DAY AFT] DAY2 WOM5 ) ?9 FACES & ?9 >MS1 LITTLE BOYS ELEV5 & TWELVE YE>S ( AGE1 ) !IR ?9 >MS & !IR ?9 LEGS--LITTLE OLD M54 ,!Y >E EXPLOIT$1 & :O IS ! EXPLOIT]8 ,:Y1 HE IS A REF9$ G5TLEMAN--A CAPITALI/4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,:5 HE COMES \T ON ! /REET Y\ W\LD KN[ HIM BY ! CUT ( HIS CLO!S & HIS REF9$ APPE>ANCE4 ,Y\ WILL SEE HIM COME 9TO ! MILL AT EI<T O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+1 & Y\ WILL KN[ ?AT HE HAD A BA? BE=E HE LEFT HIS FAMILY HOTEL4 ,?AT MAN CAN FATT52 ?AT MAN CAN LIVE & S5D HIS *ILDR5 TO ! PRIVATE S*OOL2 HE CAN S5D !M TO ! COLLEGE1 & HE CAN DO ?IS & SEE O!R *ILDR5 D5I$ EV5 ! SUB/ANCE TO PRODUCE /RONG & HEAL?Y GR[?4 ,?IS ,I SEE EV]Y DAY4 ,I DO NOT NE$ TO GO TO ANY O!R MAN TO FURNI% ME ) ! REASON :Y ,I \<T TO BE 9 ?IS REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,I CAN SEE IT EV]Y:]E ,I GO4 

,A FEW NI<TS AGO 9 Y\R CITY ,I WAS ASK$ TO SPEAK AT ONE ( ?OSE MEET+S \T ON ! /REET CORN]1 & A NUMB] ( M5 ASSEMBL$ >\ND !RE1 & ,I ?\<T ?AT IF ONLY ?OSE M5 C\LD BE L9$ UP & WALK ! /REETS ( ,*ICAGO :AT A SPECTACLE !Y W\LD PRES5T1 & :AT A /ORY !IR APPE>ANCE W\LD TELL4 ,W\LD ,I C\LD WRITE ! /ORY !IR APPE>ANCE W\LD TELL1 ?AT /ORY W\LD PUT \R SO-CALL$ BOA/$ CIVILIZATION TO %AME4 ,!RE W]E M5 ASSEMBL$ >\ND ?AT MEET+ :OSE NECKS >E 9 ?AT CROOK$ POSITION 7ILLU/RAT+71 :OSE %\LD]S >E PULL$ \T ( %APE1 :O HAVE ! OX APPE>ANCE1 M5 :O >E DE=M$ BY ! CURSE-/A9$ H>D LABOR :I* !Y DO4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,WE HAVE ASK$ ?AT !SE LITTLE *ILDR5 9 ! MILL BE PROTECT$ BY ! LAW4 ,WE HAVE ASK$ ?AT LAWS BE MADE TO PROHIBIT !IR EMPLOYM5T UND] TWELVE & F\RTE5 YE>S ( AGE4 ,BUT AS ,I SAID1 ! 0GET !RE0 CLASS1 ! M5 :O >E GO+ TO GET !RE1 :O >E GO+ TO KEEP \T ( ?IS IMPOV]I%$ WORLD--! EMPLOY+ CLASS--:AT HAVE !Y DONE8 ,!Y HAVE BR\<T AB\T SU* A /ATE ( AFFAIRS ?R\< !IR 9FLU5CE AMONG ! MA*9E POLITICIANS ?AT !SE LAWS >E NOT 5=C$4 ,!RE IS NOT A ,/ATE 9 ?IS C\NTRY ?AT 5=CES ITS *ILD LABOR LAWS1 BECAUSE ( ! 9FLU5CE ( ! EMPLOY+ CLASS AMONG ! LEGISLATORS4 

,LET ME TELL Y\ :AT HAS HAPP5$ 9 ,FALL ,RIV]2 IT WAS TOLD TO ME BY ONE ( ! SP9N]S !RE4 0,TW5TY-FIVE YE>S AGO10 ?IS MAN SAID1 0WE HAD #b1 M5 9 \R UNION1 SP9N]S1 & !RE HAS NEV] BE5 A TIME S9CE !N ?AT A SP9N] WORK+ 9 ?AT CITY DID NOT BELONG TO \R UNION10 & HE FELT PR\D ( HIS UNION4 ,HE WAS ASK$ 0H[ MANY P[] MULES HAVE Y\ H]E N[80 & HE ANSW]$ 0,AB\T #c#e40 ,N[1 ?IS IS :AT HAS HAPP5$3 ,9 !SE TW5TY-FIVE YE>S ! NUMB] ( MULES HAD DECREAS$ FROM #b1 TO #c#e4 ,:AT HAS BECOME ( !M8 ,!Y HAVE BE5 C>RI$ TO ! SCRAP HEAP1 & !IR PLACES HAVE BE5 TAK5 BY ! SP9N+ FRAME1 & ! FA!R IS \T ON ! /REET LOOK+ = A JOB AT :ATEV] HE CAN GET1 & ! *ILD IS 9 ! MILL WORK+ AT SP9N+4 ,I WANT TO TELL Y\ AB\T ! LOOM1 ! ,DRAP] LOOM4 ,NO ONE W\LD NAVE BE5 MORE SURPRIS$ AT ?IS ?AN ! TEXTILE WORK] ( TW5TY FIVE YE>S AGO4 ,TO-DAY 9 ! T[N ( ,WAT]VILLE A COTTON WEAV] IS RUNN+ =TY LOOMS4 ,DO Y\ KN[ :AT ?AT MEANS8 ,WELL1 ?AT MEANS T5 TIMES AS MANY LOOMS AS ! WEAV] 9 ,9DIA RAN T5 OR TWELVE YE>S AGO4 ,?AT MEANS F\R TIMES ! NUMB] ( LOOMS ?AT ! MO/ EXP]T COTTON WEAV] RAN 9 ! CITY ( ,FALL ,RIV] T5 YE>S AGO1 & IS NE>LY F\R TIMES AS MANY AS !Y >E RUNN+ !RE TO-DAY1 BUT ?AT LOOM HAS NOT COME !RE AS YET4 ,IF ! MANUFACTUR]S 9 ! COTTON 9DU/RIES 9 ?IS C\NTRY DECID$ TO KEEP 9 EMPLOYM5T ! PRES5T NUMB] ( WEAV]S & W\LD GIVE TO EA* ! NUMB] ( LOOMS :I* IT IS POSSIBLE = !M TO RUN ) ?IS NEW LOOM1 !Y W\LD HAVE TO 9CREASE ! O!R DEP>TM5TS ( ! PLANTS AB\T ?REE-FOLD4 ,I D\BT V]Y MU* IF !RE IS COTTON 5\< GR[N 9 ! WORLD TO SUPPLY ! PRODUCTION :I* IS MADE POSSIBLE ?R\< ! 9TRODUCTION ( ?IS LOOM4 

,N[1 !N1 ! M5 :O COMPOSE ?IS ORGANIZATION TAKE !SE ?+S 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,!Y RECOGNIZE ! *ANGES & IMPROVEM5TS :I* RESULT ?R\< 9V5TION1 & !Y TELL ! WORK+MAN ?AT HE MU/ B& TOGE!R ) EV]Y O!R WORK+MAN4 ,!Y TELL HIM ?AT HIS CAUSE IS NOT ONLY COMMON ) ! MAN 9 ANO!R DEP>TM5T1 9 ANO!R BRAN* ( TRADE1 BUT !Y TELL HIM ?AT HIS CAUSE IS COMMON ) ! M5 9 EV]Y C\NTRY 9 ! WORLD4 ,WORK+M51 ?IS ORGANIZATION1 ?IS ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1 WILL DO MORE ?AN $UCATE PEOPLE ON ECONOMIC L9ES4 ,IT WILL OP5 UP TO !IR M9DS MANY ?\<TS :I* >E SLEEP+ N[4 ,IT WILL OP5 UP 9 !IR M9DS ?\<T ?AT WILL DISPEL ! NATIONAL PREJUDICES :I* HAVE CAUS$ !M TO /& AP>T4 ,IT WILL LITTLE BY LITTLE TELL !M ?IS /ORY 0,Y\ ,5GLI%MAN1 Y\R GREAT-GR&FA!R W5T OV] TO ,IREL& & HE F\<T ! ,IRI%MAN2 & HE DID IT = :OM8 ,:Y1 = ! K+4 ,HE DID IT TO UPHOLD ! ?RONE ( ,WILLIAM ( ,ORANGE4 ,& DON'T Y\ KN[ ?AT ?IS K+ IS ,GOD'S ANO9T$8 ,DID ?IS ?\<T EV] /RIKE Y\8 ,YES1 HE IS ,GOD'S ANO9T$1 BECAUSE ,GOD CREAT$ ! FIR/ K+1 & ! FIR/ K+ WAS ! DEVIL1 & EV]Y K+ ?AT HAS SUCCE$$ HAS BE5 A DEVIL ALSO1 & !IR 5TIRE WAKE HAS BE5 A SEA ( BLOOD4 ,!Y HAVE CAUS$ PREJUDICE TO RUN ON G5]ATION AFT] G5]ATION1 TO KEEP AP>T ! SONS ( ! M5 :O MET 9 ! DEA? GRAPPLE1 & :O :5 IT WAS ALL OV] W5T HOME TO %$ ! TE>S & PAY (F ! W> DEBT4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION WILL SPREAD ! ?\<T ?AT WILL REMOVE ?AT PREJUDICE4 ,IT WILL TELL ! WORK+M5 H[ !Y HAVE PREY$ UPON EA* O!R TO PROMOTE CAPITALI/ 9T]E/S1 H[ !Y HAVE BE5 PLAY$ UPON BY ?OSE M5 :O HAVE BE5 RESPONSIBLE = !IR CONDITION1 & WILL TELL !M ALSO H[ !Y >E PREY$ UPON BY ! WISE ,AM]ICAN CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,DO Y\ KN[ ?AT !RE IS NO?+ :I* HAS MORE TO DO ) PLANT+ 9 ! M9D A REF9$ MADNESS ?AN CAPITALI/ GRE$8 ,:5 Y\ SEE ?IS ,AM]ICAN FLAG WAV+1 DID Y\ EV] /OP TO ?9K :AT IT REPRES5TS8 ,DID Y\ EV] /OP TO ?9K ( :AT IS GO+ ON 9 ! C\NTRY OV] :I* IT FLOATS8 ,ON ! ,F\R? ( ,JULY ,I SAW ON ! ,/ATE ,H\SE 9 ! ,CITY ( ,BO/ON ! GREAT FLAG WAV+1 & ?REE MON?S BE=E ?AT TIME ONE ( ! MO/ P[]FUL M5 9 ?AT ,/ATE OP5LY DECL>$ ?AT ! MEMB]S ( ?AT ,LEGISLATURE W]E SOLD LIKE FI% 9 ! FI% M>KET 7APPLAUSE74 ,)9 ! %AD[ ( ,BUNK] ,HILL ?IS IS GO+ ON4 ,D[N 9 ,PLYM\?1 ,I /OOD UPON ! CELEBRAT$ ,PLYM\? ,ROCK ?AT !Y CALL ! BIR?-PLACE ( ! NATION1 & ,I /OOD ON ! /REETS ( ?AT CITY & SAW !RE 9 ! FACES & ON ! BODIES ( ! M5 :O PASS$ ALONG ! EVID5CE ( ! WORK ( ?IS N9ETE5? C5TURY 9DU/RIAL PIRATE1 ! MONEY-GRUBB]--! CAPITALI/4 ,EV]Y:]E Y\ GO Y\ CAN SEE HIM4 ,HE HAS NO C\NTRY1 HE HAS NO ,GOD1 HE HAS NO LOVE1 NO CONSID]ATION4 ,! ONLY ?+ ?AT HE KN[S1 ! ONLY ?+ ?AT HE WORKS =1 IS ! WEAL? P[] ( ! WORLD4 ,MANK9D IS HIS FIELD ( PREY4 ,ORGANIZE TO OV]?R[ HIM1 IS :AT WE HAVE DONE40 7,APPLAUSE47 

,! ,*AIRWOMAN3--,! NEXT SPEAK] WILL BE ,WILLIAM ,D4 ,HAYWOOD1 PRESID5T ( ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S4 ,9 ,COLORADO ! CAPITALI/S HATE HIM4 ,:5 ,PEABODY SPOKE ( ,WILLIAM ,D4 ,HAYWOOD AS A LABOR FAKIR HE REPRES5T$ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS & VOIC$ ! ?\<T ( ,GOMP]S4 ,I TAKE GREAT PLEASURE 9 9TRODUC+ ,WILLIAM ,D4 ,HAYWOOD1 PRESID5T ( ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,S,P,E,E,* ,( ,W,I,L,L,I,A,M ,D4 ,H,A,Y,W,O,O,D3 

,FELL[ ,WORK]S3--,! FIR/  ?+ ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y = ME TO SAY TO Y\ ?IS EV5+ IS TO CORRECT ! 9TRODUCTION ( \T LITTLE *AIRLADY4 ,I AM NOT ! PRESID5T ( ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S1 BUT AM HOLD+ ! POSITION ( SECRET>Y-TREASUR] AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,! PRESID5T ( ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S IS AS CLOSE TO ME1 H[EV]1 AS ANY MAN CAN BE1 & ,I V]Y MU* REGRET ?AT Y\ WILL NOT ?IS EV5+ HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY ( LI/5+ TO ! PRESID5T2 A MAN :O HAS SUFF]$ AS MU* = ! CAUSE ( LABOR AS ANY MAN 9 ?IS C\NTRY WAS EV] CALL$ UPON TO SUFF]4 

,! !ME = ?IS EV5+ IS 0,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM40 ,= NE>LY TWO WEEKS !RE HAVE BE5 ASSEMBL$ 9 ?IS HALL OV] #b M5 & WOM5 GA!R$ 9 Y\R CITY = ! PURPOSE ( ORGANIZ+1 NOT A RIVAL TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 NOT A RIVAL TO ANY O!R ORGANIZATION--BUT TO ORGANIZE A LABOR MOVEM5T = ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,?OSE ( US :O HAVE /UDI$ CONDITIONS 9 ?IS C\NTRY RECOGNIZE ! FACT ?AT UP TO ! LAUN*+ ( ?IS ORGANIZATION !RE WAS NOT A LABOR ORGANIZATION 9 ?IS C\NTRY ?AT REPRES5T$ ! WORK+ CLASS4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,?IS 9DU/RIAL UNION IS AN ORGANIZATION ?AT /&S ) ! GATES WIDE OP5 TO TAKE 9 EV]Y MAN & WOMAN1 &1 IF NECESS>Y1 *ILD1 ?AT IS WORK+ = WAGES ) EI!R BRA9 OR MUSCLE4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,?IS ORGANIZATION IS BROAD 5\< 9 ITS SCOPE TO TAKE 9 ! M5 :O WORKS 9 ! SEW]1 OR \R J\RNALI/IC FRI5DS H]E ON ! PLAT=M :O ?9K ?AT !Y >E PR(ESSIONAL M54 7,APPLAUSE74 ,!RE >E A GREAT MANY PR(ESSIONAL M5 :O DON'T KN[ ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 A PR(ESSIONAL MAN & A LABOR]4 ,= 9/ANCE--BEGG+ ! P>DON ( ! J\RNALI/S--!RE >E SOME SCRUB REPORT]S ?AT >E WORK+ ON A POLICE ASSIGNM5T :O IMAG9E !Y >E PR(ESSIONAL M5 WORK+ = A SAL>Y4 ,!Y GET AB\T @s#a#e A WEEK1 & >E LUCKY AT ?AT4 ,!RE >E A GREAT MANY SKILL$ >TISANS ?AT >E GETT+ @s#c4#e & @s#d A DAY1 :O RECOGNIZE !IR POSITION AS WORK+M51 & !IR REMUN]ATION1 !IR COMP5SATION1 AS WAGES4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,I SIMPLY WANT TO DEMON/RATE ?AT A @s#c A DAY HOD-C>RI] IS JU/ AS GOOD AS A @s#a#e A WEEK REPORT]1 & IT DOES NOT MAKE A BIT ( DIFF]5CE :E!R HE IS A NEGRO OR A :ITE MAN4 7,APPLAUSE74 7,A VOICE3--0,AS LONG AS HE IS A UNION MAN074 ,IT DOES NOT MAKE ANY DIFF]5CE :E!R HE IS AN ,AM]ICAN OR A =EIGN]4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,AL?\< ,I AM AN ,AM]ICAN1 IT IS NO FAULT ( M9E4 ,I AM /ILL ( ! OP9ION ?AT AN ,AM]ICAN IS JU/ AS GOOD AS A =EIGN] AS LONG AS HE BEHAVES HIMSELF1 & NO LONG]4 7,LAU<T]47 

,! ORGANIZATION ?AT HAS BE5 LAUN*$ 9 Y\R CITY RECOGNIZES NEI!R RACE1 CRE$1 COLOR1 SEX1 OR PREVI\S CONDITION ( S]VITUDE4 7,LAU<T]74 ,WE CAME \T ( ! WE/ TO MEET ! TEXTILE WORK] ( ! EA/4 ,WE M5 ( ! WE/ >E GETT+ MORE WAGES P] DAY ?AN ?OSE M5 >E GETT+4 ,WE RECOGNIZE ! FACT ?AT UNLESS WE BR+ !M UP TO \R CONDITION !Y ( NECESSITY WILL DRAG US D[N TO !IRS4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,WE PROPOSE ?AT ?IS 9DU/RIAL MOVEM5T %ALL PROVIDE1 = EV]Y MAN & WOMAN ?AT WORKS1 A DEC5T LIVELIHOOD4 ,IS ?AT SOME?+ WOR? WORK+ =8 ,N[1 UND]/& ME--OR RA!R1 DO NOT MISUND]/& ME4 ,I DO NOT MEAN ?AT ?IS ORGANIZATION IS GO+ TO IMPROVE ! CONDITION ( PURELY ! SKILL$ WORK]S1 ! BRICKLAY]1 ! C>P5T] OR ! TYPE-SETT]2 BUT ,I MEAN ?AT WE >E GO+ D[N 9 ! GUTT] TO GET AT ! MASS ( ! WORK]S & BR+ !M UP TO A DEC5T PLANE ( LIV+4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,I DO NOT C>E ! SNAP ( MY F+] :E!R OR NOT ! SKILL$ WORK]S JO9 ?IS 9DU/RIAL MOVEM5T AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,:5 WE GET ! UNORGANIZ$ & ! UNSKILL$ LABOR] 9TO ?IS ORGANIZATION ! SKILL$ WORK] WILL ( NECESSITY COME H]E = HIS [N PROTECTION4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,AS /RANGE AS IT MAY SEEM TO Y\1 ! SKILL$ WORK] TO-DAY IS EXPLOIT+ ! LABOR] B5EA? HIM1 ! UNSKILL$ MAN1 JU/ AS MU* AS ! CAPITALI/ IS4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,TO MAKE MYSELF BETT] UND]/OOD1 ! SKILL$ LABOR] HAS ORGANIZ$ = HIMSELF A UNION1 RECOGNIZ+ ?AT 9 UNITY !RE IS /R5G?4 ,HE HAS ?R[N A HI< WALL >\ND ?AT UNION :I* PROHIBITS M5 FROM JO9+ ! ORGANIZATION4 ,HE EXACTS ?AT A MAN TO BECOME A MEMB] ( ! LABOR UNION MU/ ( NECESSITY S]VE AN APPR5TICE%IP TO DEVELOP HIS SKILL4 ,:AT =8 ,= ! B5EFIT ( ! UNION8 ,NO1 BUT = ! B5EFIT ( HIS EMPLOY]1 :O IS A MEMB] ( ! ,CITIZ5S' ,ALLIANCE 7APPLAUSE71 & :O IS TRY+ TO CRU% \T ( EXI/5CE ?AT SAME UNION ?AT HAS 5DEAVOR$ TO DEVELOP SKILL$ ME*ANICS = ! B5EFIT ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,:AT ,I WANT TO DEMON/RATE TO Y\ IS ?AT ! SKILL$ ME*ANIC1 BY MEANS ( ! PURE & SIMPLE TRADES UNION1 IS EXPLOIT+ ! UNSKILL$ LABOR]4 ,I ?9K ?AT WILL BE EASY = ME TO DO4 ,! UNSKILL$ LABOR] HAS NOT BE5 ABLE TO GET 9TO ! SKILL$ LABOR]'S UNION BECAUSE ?AT UNION EXACTS ?AT A MAN MU/ NE$S HAVE S]V$ A T]M ( YE>S AS AN APPR5TICE4 ,AGA91 !RE >E UNIONS 9 ?IS C\NTRY ?AT EXACT AN 9ITIATION FEE1 SOME ( !M AS HI< AS @s#e4 ,!RE IS ! GLASS BL[]S'1 TO BE SPECIFIC1 H[ LONG W\LD IT TAKE A MAN WORK+ = A DOLL> OR A DOLL> & A QU>T] A DAY & PROVID+ = A FAMILY1 TO SAVE UP 5\< MONEY TO PAY HIS 9ITIATION FEE 9TO ?AT UNION8 ,:Y1 HE MI<T JU/ AS WELL FIGURE ON A TRIP TO 0,P>EE40 ,TO DEMON/RATE ! PO9T ?AT ,I WANT$ TO GET AT1 IT IS ?IS3 ,?AT ! UNSKILL$ LABOR]'S WAGES HAVE BE5 CONT9UALLY GO+ D[N1 ?AT ! PRICES ( COMMODITIES HAVE BE5 CONT9UALLY GO+ UP1 & ?AT ! SKILL$ ME*ANIC ?R\< HIS UNION HAS BE5 ABLE TO HOLD HIS WAGES AT A PRICE & UPON A SCALE ?AT HAS 9SUR$ TO HIM EV5 AT !SE HI< PRICES A REASONABLY DEC5T LIV+2 BUT ! LABOR] AT ! BOTTOM1 :O IS WORK+ = A DOLL> OR A DOLL> & A QU>T] A DAY1 HAS BE5 GR\ND 9TO A /ATE ( DE/ITUTION4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,N[1 LADIES & G5TLEM51 ?IS CONDITION DOES NOT EXI/ AS G5]ALLY ?R\<\T ! WE/ AS IT DOES H]E & F>!R EA/1 & ESPECIALLY IS ?IS TRUE 9 ! CAMPS :]E ! ,WE/]N ,F$]ATION ( ,M9]S IS ?OR\<LY ORGANIZ$1 BECAUSE 9 ?OSE CAMPS WE HAVE E/ABLI%$ A M9IMUM WAGE ( @s#c A DAY = EV]Y MAN OR BOY ?AT IS EMPLOY$ >\ND ! M9ES4 ,N[ WE HAVE NO OBJECTIONS TO A MAN GETT+ AS MU* MORE AS HE CAN1 HUT WE EXACT ?AT HE %ALL GET AT LEA/ ?OSE DEC5T WAGES ?AT WILL JU/IFY HIM 9 MA9TA9+ A FAMILY & DO+ IT RESPECTABLY1 & WE >E COM+ H]E TO ,*ICAGO & WE >E GO+ FUR!R EA/ TO SEE IF IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO BR+ ! COMMON LABOR] UP TO A PLANE SOME?+ LIKE WE 5JOY 9 ! M9+ CAMPS ( ! WE/4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,& ?AT CAN ONLY BE BR\<T AB\T BY ORGANIZATION4 ,NOT AN ORGANIZATION ) @s#e 9ITIATION FEE2 NOT AN ORGANIZATION ?AT DEM&S ?AT Y\ %ALL S]VE A ?REE YE>S' APPR5TICE%IP TO ANY TRADE = ! B5EFIT ( A MEMB] ( ! ,CITIZ5S' ,ALLIANCE1 BUT AN ORGANIZATION ?AT HAS ! DOORS WIDE OP5 SO ?AT ANY MAN ?AT IS WORK+ AT ANY CALL+ CAN COME 9 & JO9 H&S ) US4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,?\< WE >E 5JOY+ V]Y GOOD CONDITIONS1 WE RECOGNIZE1 AS ,I /AT$ BE=E1 ?AT \R CONDITIONS CAN ONLY BE MA9TA9$ BY UPHOLD+ ! CONDITIONS OR 5DEAVOR+ TO UPLIFT ! FELL[ :O IS AT ! BOTTOM4 

,N[1 DON'T GET DISC\RAG$1 FOLKS1 Y\ ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 BECAUSE H]E 9 ,*ICAGO Y\ HAVE LO/ SOME /RIKES4 ,REMEMB] ?AT Y\ NEV] C\LD HAVE LO/ ?OSE /RIKES IF Y\ HAD BE5 ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RIALLY AS ! WORK]S 9 ,RUSSIA >E ORGANIZ$ 7APPLAUSE7--ORGANIZ$ 9TO AN ORGANIZATION ?AT TAKES 9 EV]Y MAN1 WOMAN & *ILD WORK+ 9 AN 9DU/RY4 ,= 9/ANCE1 9 ! PACK+ PLANTS1 ! BUT*]S' ORGANIZATION WAS ONE ( ! BE/ ORGANIZATIONS 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 REPUT$ TO BE #e1 /RONG4 ,!Y W]E WELL DISCIPL9$1 :I* IS %[N FROM ! FACT ?AT :5 !Y W]E CALL$ ON /RIKE !Y QUIT TO A MAN4 ,?AT IS1 ! BUT*]S QUIT1 BUT DID ! 5G9E]S QUIT1 DID ! FIREM5 QUIT1 DID ! M5 :O W]E RUNN+ ! ICE PLANTS QUIT8 ,!Y W]E NOT 9 ! UNION1 NOT 9 ?AT P>TICUL> UNION4 ,!Y HAD AGREEM5TS ) !IR EMPLOY]S :I* =BADE !M QUITT+4 ,! RESULT WAS ?AT ! BUT*]S' UNION WAS PRACTICALLY TOTALLY DISRUPT$1 5TIRELY WIP$ \T4 ,N[1 PRESUM+ ?AT EV]Y MAN >\ND ! PACK+ H\SES1 FROM ! PR9T] TO ! PIG /ICK]1 BELONG$ TO ONE UNION2 ?AT :5 !Y W5T \T ON /RIKE ! 5G9E]S1 FIREM5 & M5 ?AT RAN ! ICE PLANTS ALL QUIT2 ?AT MILLIONS ( DOLL>S ( PRODUCE W]E 9 A /ATE SO ?AT IT W\LD RAPIDLY P]I%1 DON'T Y\ BELIEVE ?AT ?OSE PACK+ H\SE COMPANIES W\LD HAVE CAPITULAT$8 ,DON'T Y\ BELIEVE ?AT IF TO-DAY ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S ( Y\R GREAT CITY W\LD NOT GO ON /RIKE1 BUT ?AT !Y W\LD /AY HOME = ?REE OR F\R DAYS1 ?AT ! TEAM/]S W\LD W9 ! /RIKE ?AT !Y >E N[ 5GAG$ 98 7,APPLAUSE74 ,ONE UNION MAN IS NO BETT] ?AN ANO!R UNION MAN1 & ANY UNION MAN ?AT WILL /& BACK BECAUSE A COMPANY HAS AN AGREEM5T ) HIM1 & :O WILL SCAB ON HIS FELL[ UNION MAN1 HE MAY BE A UNION MAN1 BUT 9 MY OP9ION HE IS A TE*NICAL SCAB4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,ON ! ,SANTA ,FE ,RAILROAD SOME TIME AGO ! TELEGRAPH]S W5T \T ON /RIKE1 & !Y PRES5T$ !IR GRIEVANCE TO ! COMPANY4 ,! COMPANY SAYS3 0,WE CANNOT DO ANY?+ = Y\40 ,!Y APPEAL$ TO ! DIFF]5T BRO!RHOODS ( RAILROAD M54 ,?OSE V>I\S BRO!RHOODS APPO9T$ !IR GRIEVANCE COMMITTEES TO SEE ! MANAGEM5T4 ,:5 !Y W5T TO ! MANAGEM5T ! MANAGEM5T SAID TO !M3 0,G5TLEM51 HAV5'T WE S*$ULES ) Y\80 ,! COMMITTEE SAID 0,YES40 0,WELL10 SAID ! COMPANY1 0Y\ C>RY \T Y\R S*$ULES ) US & WE WILL ATT5D TO ! TELEGRAPH]S40 ,!Y ATT5D$ TO ! TELEGRAPH]S TO ! EXT5T ?AT !RE IS NOT A UNION TELEGRAPH] ON ! ,SANTA ,FE SY/EM4 ,!N ! MA*9I/S W5T ON /RIKE ON ! SAME SY/EM1 & !Y APPEAL$ TO ! BRO!RHOODS1 & ! BRO!RHOODS 9 ! SAME MANN] APPEAL$ TO ! MANAGEM5T ,! MANAGEM5T CALL$ !IR ATT5TION TO !IR AGREEM5TS1 & TOLD !M TO ATT5D TO !IR BUS9ESS & C>RY \T ! RATES & RULES ( ?OSE S*$ULES1 & !Y W\LD ATT5D TO ! MA*9I/S2 & ! MA*9I/S TO-DAY >E ! VICTIMS ( ! SACR$ CONTRACT ( ! UNION MAN ) HIS EMPLOY]4 ,!RE NEV] WAS A CONTRACT SO SACR$1 DRAWN UP BETWE5 A UNION & AN EMPLOY]1 BUT :AT ! EMPLOY] W\LD BREAK IT IF HE FELT IT WAS TO HIS 9T]E/ TO DO SO4 7,APPLAUSE47 ,SO ?AT 9 MY OP9ION & 9 ! OP9ION ( ! DELEGATES ?AT HAVE ASSEMBL$ H]E1 NO UNION WILL HAVE ! RI<T OR BE EMP[]$ TO 5T] 9TO A CONTRACT ) ANY COMPANY OR CORPORATION UNLESS ?AT CONTRACT IS 9 KEEP+ ) & TO ! WELF>E ( ! G5]AL LABOR MOVEM5T4 7,APPLAUSE47 

 ,SOME ( ! LABOR LEAD]S ( ?IS C\NTRY HAVE BE5 QUOT$ AS SAY+ ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE = ! CAPITALI/1 ! CORPORATIONI/--OR ! EMPLOY]1 IF Y\ WILL--TO GET TOGE!R ) ! WORK+-M5 & ADJU/ ! CONDITIONS ?AT EXI/ BETWE5 !M4 ,SOME ( !M HAVE SAID ?AT IF WE ONLY SIT D[N AT A TABLE & LOOK EA* O!R 9 ! EYE & TALK !SE MATT]S OV] ?AT !RE W\LD NEV] BE ANO!R /RIKE4 ,WELL1 N[1 ?AT PROPOSITION ( LOOK+ EA* O!R 9 ! EYE SUGGE/S TO ME ?AT \T 9 ,COLORADO & FUR!R WE/ ?IS IS A SORT ( A POK] PLAY]'S GAME4 7,LAU<T]74  

,A MAN SITT+ BEH9D A FULL H& ( F\R ACES LOOKS ! O!R FELL[ 9 ! EYE & TRIES TO MAKE HIM BELIEVE HE HAS ONLY GOT TWO DEUCES4 7,LAU<T]47 ,N[1 ! CAPITALI/ IS ALWAYS READY TO SIT D[N & LOOK ! O!R FELL[ 9 ! EYE1 & HE HAS ALWAYS GOT ! BE/ ( IT4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE HE [NS ! TOOLS ?AT ! O!R FELL[ WORKS )4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,)\T ! TOOLS ! O!R MAN C\LD NOT LIVE1 & :5 A MAN OR A COMPANY OR CORPORATION HAS POSSESSION ( ! TOOLS1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ! ECONOMIC P[]1 ! MEANS ( LIFE1 HE HAS Y\R LIFE ABSOLUTELY 9 HIS POSSESSION4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,:Y1 FOLKS1 RA!R ?AN BE ONE ( ! RESID5TS ( ! <ETTO D[N H]E1 A PLACE ?AT ,I WAS ?R\< LA/ NI<T ,I W\LD RA!R BE A BIG BUCK NIGG] ON A PLANTATION 9 ! S\? BE=E ! DAYS :5 *ATTEL SLAV]Y WAS WIP$ \T4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE--SIZE ME UP PRETTY WELL N[--,I W\LD BE WOR? AB\T @s#c1 TO A PLANTATION HOLD]4 ,IT W\LD BE TO HIS 9T]E/ TO PROVIDE ME ) GOOD %ELT]1 ) SUITABLE CLO?+1 ) PROP] FOOD1 ) PROP] M$ICAL ATT5DANCE1 BECAUSE ,I REPRES5T TO HIM A MONET>Y VALUE ( @s#c14 ,SUPPOSE ,I WAS TO GO TO SOME PLANTATION [N] TO-DAY-& WE HAVE NOT ANY SLAV]Y 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,HE W\LD SIZE ME UP & HE W\LD SAY3 0,Y\ >E WOR? JU/ AB\T @s#b OR @s#a4#e A DAY TO WORK ON ?IS RAN*4 ,IF Y\ GET SICK Y\ TAKE C>E ( Y\RSELF4 ,IF Y\ DIE IT IS NO LOSS TO ME4 ,I C>E NO?+ AB\T Y\R FAMILY4 ,Y\R LITTLE PICKAN9NIES1 !RE IS NO VALUE TO !M4 ,Y\R LITTLE R$HEAD$ GIRL DOES NOT REPRES5T FIVE C5TS ( VALUE TO ME40 ,IS ?IS SY/EM MORE CRUEL ?AN ?AT ( SLAV]Y DAYS8 ,A HUNDR$ ?\S& TIMES MORE4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,! WAGE SY/EM IS WORSE ?AN *ATTEL SLAV]Y4 

,N[1 >E !RE ANY ( Y\ :O FEEL ?AT Y\R 9T]E/S & ! CAPITALI/'S 9T]E/S >E ID5TICAL8 ,DON'T Y\ KN[ ?AT !RE IS NOT AN EMPLOY+ CAPITALI/ OR CORPORATION MANUFACTORY 9 ?IS C\NTRY ?AT IF IT W]E POSSIBLE W\LD NOT OP]ATE HIS OR ITS 5TIRE PLANT OR FACTORY BY MA*9ES & DISPOSE ( EV]Y HUMAN BE+ EMPLOY$8 7,APPLAUSE74 ,! CORPORATION DOES NOT HIRE Y\4 ,! EMPLOY] NEV] LOOKS AT Y\R FACE2 HE NEV] LOOKS Y\ 9 ! EYE4 ,HE C>ES NO?+ AB\T Y\R FEEL+S4 ,HE DOES NOT C>E ANY?+ AB\T Y\R SURR\ND+S4 ,HE C>ES NO?+ AB\T Y\R TW+ES ( ANGUI% OR Y\R HE>TA*ES4 ,HE WANTS Y\R H&S & AS MU* ( Y\R BRA9 AS IS NECESS>Y TO ATTA* Y\RSELF TO A MA*9E4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,REMEMB]1 ?AT TO-DAY !RE >E NO SKILL$ ME*ANICS4 ,D[N 9 ! PACK+ H\SE !RE >E NO BUT*]S4 ,!RE IS A TRA9 ( SPECIALIZ$ M5 ?AT DO JU/ !IR P>T1 ?AT IS ALL4 ,! MA*9E IS ! APPR5TICE ( YE/]DAY2 ! MA*9E IS ! J\RNEYMAN ( TO-DAY4 ,! MA*9E IS RAPIDLY TAK+ Y\R PLACE1 & IT WILL HAVE Y\ 5TIRELY DISPLAC$ PRETTY SOON1 & IT IS A QUE/ION AS BETWE5 Y\ & ! CAPITALI/ AS TO :O IS GO+ TO [N & CONTROL & MANIPULATE & SUP]VISE ?AT MA*9E4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,?AT IS ! PURPOSE ( ?IS 9DU/RIAL UNION4 ,N[1 LET NO MAN MAKE A MI/AKE4 ,:ILE WE >E GO+ TO DO EV]Y?+ ?AT WE CAN TO IMPROVE & TAKE ADVANTAGE ( EV]Y OPPORTUNITY ?AT IS (F]$ TO US TO IMPROVE ! CONDITION ( ! WORK+ CLASS AS WE GO ALONG1 ! ULTIMATE AIM ( ?IS ORGANIZATION IS TO GET CONTROL ( ! SUP]VISION ( 9DU/RY4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,WE PROPOSE TO SAY TO ! EMPLOY+ CLASS :AT ! H\RS ( LABOR %ALL BE & :AT ! REMUN]ATION %ALL BE4 ,WE >E ! PEOPLE :O DO ! WORK1 & WE HAVE GOT TIR$ ( ?OSE :O DO NO?+ BUT %IRK1 REAP+ ALL ( ! B5EFITS4 ,?AT IS ! DEF9ITION ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM2 ! ABSOLUTE CONTROL & SUP]VISION ( 9DU/RY4 ,& :5 ! WORK+ CLASS >E SUFFICI5TLY WELL ORGANIZ$ TO CONTROL ! MEANS ( LIFE1 :Y !N ! SY/EM ?AT ! SPEAK] BE=E ME TOLD Y\ AB\T1 ! [N]%IP ( LEGISLATURES & S5ATES & MILITIAS & POLICE WILL BE ( LITTLE AVAIL TO !M1 BECAUSE A CONDITION SU* AS EXI/S 9 ,*ICAGO AT ! PRES5T TIME C\LD NOT EXI/3 ,! >MY OR POLICE ?AT W\LD RAISE A H&1 A CLUB OR A GUN AGA9/ A WORK+MAN W\LD HAVE TO LEAVE ?IS COMMUNITY OR />VE TO DEA?4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,& WE >E GO+ FUR!R ?AN ?AT4 ,WE >E GO+ TO SAY TO ! EMPLOY]3 ,Y\ MU/ TAKE Y\R PLACE 9 ! PRODUCTIVE SY/EM ( ?IS C\NTRY OR Y\ WILL />VE4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,N[1 REMEMB]1 ?AT WE FELL[S \T WE/ W]E ONCE EA/2 ?AT IF WE DON'T KN[ :AT WE >E GO+ UP AGA9/1 \R FA!RS PROBABLY DID4 ,MY GREAT GREAT-GR&FA!R LIV$ 9 ,BO/ON4 ,MY GREAT-GR&FA!R CAME AS F> WE/ AS ,OHIO4 ,MY GR&FA!R LIV$ 9 ,I[A4 ,MY FA!R C>RI$ ! MAIL 9 ,COLORADO BE=E !RE WAS A RAILROAD4 ,I HAVE BE5 /ILL F>!R WE/1 UNTIL !Y TOLD ME ?AT IT WAS ONLY A FEW MILES TO ! ROLL+ BILL[S ( ! ,PACIFIC1 & ,I CONCLUD$ ?AT ! ,HAYWOOD FAMILY HAD BETT] TURN BACK1 ?AT WE HAD BE5 DRIV5 TO ! FRONTI]S UNTIL !RE W]E NO MORE FRONTI]S4 ,SO ,I HAVE COME BACK TO ,*ICAGO1 & AM /ILL ON ! FRONTI]2 ?AT IS1 ON ! FRONTI] ( ?IS 9DU/RIAL UNION MOVEM5T1 :I* ,I HOPE TO SEE GR[ ?R\<\T ?IS C\NTRY UNTIL IT TAKES 9 A GREAT MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 & ?AT ?OSE WORK+ PEOPLE WILL RISE 9 REVOLT AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM AS ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ,RUSSIA >E DO+ TO-DAY4 7,GREAT APPLAUSE47 

,! ,*AIRWOMAN3--,I CALL$ ,BRO!R ,HAYWOOD PRESID5T 9ADV]T5TLY1 BUT Y\ WILL ALL ADMIT ?AT :ILE HE HAS NOT BE5 PRESID5T HE W\LD MAKE A GOOD ONE4 ,! NEXT SPEAK] ON ! PROGRAM WILL BE ,C4 ,O4 ,%]MAN1 SECRET>Y ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,METAL ,WORK]S4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,A,D,D,R,E,S,S ,( ,C4 ,O4 ,%,],M,A,N3 

,MADAM ,*AIRMAN1 ,SI/]S & ,BRO!RS 3--,AS /AT$ BY ! PREVI\S SPEAK]S ON ! PLAT=M ?IS EV5+1 WE HAVE P>TICIPAT$ = ! LA/ TWO WEEKS 9 A CONV5TION ?AT HAS BE5 HELD 9 ?IS HALL4 ,I DO NOT KN[ AS IT IS NECESS>Y TO MAKE ANY APOLOGY :5 ,I TELL Y\ ?AT WE HAVE BE5 SO BUSY ?AT WE [E AN APOLOGY TO ! LAUNDRY GIRL & TO ! B>B]1 AS WE DID NOT F9D TIME TO LOOK AFT] EI!R ONE ( !M4 ,WE HAVE NO APOLOGY = ! BIR? ( ?IS 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION KN[N AS ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD4 ,WE P>TICIPAT$ 9 ?IS CONV5TION1 & WE PROPOSE TO FA!R ?IS ORGANIZATION BECAUSE WE BELIEVE ! CONDITION ( ! PRODUC+ CLASS DEM&S AN ORGANIZATION ( ?IS *>ACT]4 ,ITS BASIC PR9CIPLE IS ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 & WE EXPECT ! ORGANIZATION TO BE BUILT UP ) ! PRODUC+ CLASS1 SU* PORTION ( !M AS REALIZE AT ! PRES5T TIME ?AT !RE IS A CLASS /RUGGLE4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,WE WILL SAY1 H[EV]1 ?AT !RE IS ONE FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( ?IS ORGANIZATION ?AT WILL ALWAYS BE LIV$ UP TO4 ,!RE NEV] WILL BE A MEMB] ( ?IS ORGANIZATION1 :E!R HOLD+ A LOCAL OR NATIONAL POSITION1 OR EV5 A HUMBLE MEMB]1 ?AT WILL BE ELIGIBLE TO ! ,CIVIC ,F$]ATION4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,WE HAVE NOT COME H]E TO MAKE W> UPON 9DIVIDUALS4 ,WE >E NOT H]E TO MAKE W> UPON ORGANIZATIONS4 ,BUT WE HAVE =M$ AN ORGANIZATION TO MAKE W> UPON ! SY/EM ?AT EXI/S AT ! PRES5T TIME4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT ?R\< ! PA/ BITT] EXP]I5CE ?AT LABOR HAS SUFF]$1 WORK+M5 >E READY = A *ANGE1 ?AT !Y >E READY TO UNITE !IR =CES 9 ONE CLASS-CONSCI\S 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION2 RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ! P[]S ?AT >E AGA9/ ! PRODUC+ CLASS >E ORGANIZ$ AS A UNIT1 & ?AT IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y1 9 ORD] TO GA9 ! RI<TS ( ! PRODUC+ PEOPLE1 ?AT !Y MU/ BE ORGANIZ$ ON ! SAME BASIC PR9CIPLE4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,I HAVE NO FAULT TO F9D ) ! 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/1 NO MATT] :E!R HE IS A SMALL CAPITALI/ OR A L>GE ONE4 ,IF HE IS A MILLIONAIRE OR A MULTI-MILLIONAIRE IT IS NOT HIS FAULT1 BUT IT IS ! FAULT ( ! PEOPLE BECAUSE !Y FO/] A PR9CIPLE ?AT P]MITS HIM TO BECOME A MILLIONAIRE4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,WE BELIEVE ! H\R HAS COME :5 ! PEOPLE >E READY = $UCATION ON ! L9ES ?AT WILL UNITE !IR ECONOMIC =CES ) A SOLID>ITY ?AT WILL MEAN SOME?+ 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT ?OSE ?AT HAVE PASS$ ?R\< LABOR ORGANIZATIONS & >E 9 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS AT ! PRES5T TIME HAVE ?R\< !IR BITT] EXP]I5CE REA*$ ! REALIZATION ?AT !RE IS NO?+ TO BE GA9$ BY DIVISION4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,WE HE> PEOPLE COMPLA9 ( ! CAPITALI/S4 ,:AT IS A CAPITALI/8 ,NO?+ BUT A COMMON HUMAN BE+4 ,HE CAME 9TO ?IS WORLD JU/ ! SAME AS ! COMMON WORK+MAN1 JU/ AS HELPLESS1 & NO MATT] :AT HE POSSESSES :ILE H]E ON ?IS E>?1 NO MATT] :AT SPECIAL PRIVILEGES Y\ GIVE HIM ?AT P]MIT HIM TO REIGN OV] Y\1 :5 ! H\R COMES ?AT ! ,9DEX ,F+] ( ! ,UNIV]SE PO9TS D[N TO HIS HE>T & SAYS 0,/OP10 ! M9UTE ?AT COMM& IS MADE ?AT MILLIONAIRE IS ON A LEVEL ) ! TRAMP4 7,APPLAUSE73 ,HE IS :]E HE BEGAN4 ,CAN Y\ BLAME HIM OR CAN Y\ BLAME ! SY/EM8 ,H[ MANY ( Y\ ?AT >E H]E TO-NI<T ?AT >E NOT /RUGGL+ TO GET ON A LEVEL ) ! MILLIONAIRE8 7,APPLAUSE74 ,H[ MANY ( Y\ W\LD MISS ! OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE A DEAL 9 A SPECULATIVE PROPOSITION1 OR TRU/ Y\R LITTLE SAV+S & TAKE A *ANCE8 ,Y\ WILL TAKE A *ANCE EV]Y DAY ON ! GAMES ?AT ! CAPITALI/S SET UP = Y\ TO PLAY1 & ! /ICK]S GO 9 & BITE4 ,& H[ WILL+LY Y\ RUN 9 & BITE BECAUSE Y\ ?9K Y\ >E GO+ TO MAKE AN EASY DOLL>4 ,BUT :5 Y\ GET ?R\< & Y\ COME TO FIGURE UP Y\R E>N+S1 IT IS ! SAME AS ! :ITE MAN DOES ) ! NIGG] D[N S\?4 ,:5 ! 5D ( ! WEEK COMES HE HAS HAD F\R OR FIVE P\NDS ( CORNMEAL & A SLEEP = HIMSELF1 :ILE ! BAG ( POTATOES GOES TO ! B>N & ! BOSS HAS FIGUR$ ALL TO ! :ITE MAN & NO?+ TO ! NIGG]4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,& ?AT IS Y\R POSITION4 ,& Y\ >E WORSE (F 9 COMP>ISON TO :AT Y\ HAVE PRODUC$2 !RE IS NO?+ = ?OSE :O HAVE PRODUC$4 

,N[1 ?AT ONE 9DIVIDUAL :OSE NAME MAY APPE> OV] ! FACTORY OR PLACE ( BUS9ESS--TELL Y\ :Y IT IS ?AT HE CAN BE CALL$ A MILLIONAIRE :5 ?\S&S ( M5 & WOM5 >E EMPLOY$ BY HIM8 ,H[ IS ONE 9DIVIDUAL CAPABLE ( SWEEP+ \T ( Y\R PRODUCTION EI<TY-FIVE P] C5T1 ( ?AT :I* Y\ PRODUCE8 ,:Y DOES HE DO IT8 ,IS IT FROM HIS P[] ( MUSCLE ?AT Y\ >E AFRAID ( HIM8 ,NO1 Y\ >E NOT AFRAID ( HIM4 ,BUT ! SY/EM UND] :I* WE LIVE HAS $UCAT$ Y\ TO ! BELIEF ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO PAY TRIBUTE TO HIM 9 ORD] ?AT Y\ MAY BE P]MITT$ TO LIVE4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,WE BELIEVE ! WORK+ PEOPLE >E WAK+ UP TO !SE PROPOSITIONS4 ,WE >E NOT *>G+ ANY ORGANIZATION ) ANY?+1 BECAUSE !RE IS NOT A MAN OR WOMAN ON ?IS PLAT=M BUT KN[S ?AT !RE HAS NEV] BE5 ONE /EP OR PROGRESS EV] TAK5 BY LABOR EXCEPT ?R\< ORGANIZ$ LABOR4 ,UNORGANIZ$ LABOR NEV] MET ANY?+ BUT CONTEMPT4 ,H5CE = EV]Y /EP ( PROGRESS ?AT HAS BE5 MADE CR$IT MU/ BE GIV5 TO ORGANIZ$ LABOR4 ,WE DO SAY1 H[EV]1 HAD !Y BE5 ORGANIZ$ ON A UNIT$ BASIS1 9 A MANN] :]E !IR P[] C\LD BE US$ IF NECESS>Y AT ONE TIME1 ?AT !IR CONDITION W\LD BE BETT]4 ,N[1 COMP>ISONS HAVE BE5 MADE BETWE5 DIFF]5T PEOPLE1 & ! BRO!R :O PREC$$ ME1 ,I ?9K IT WAS HE1 TOOK A K9K \T ( \R BRO!RS ( ! PRESS ?AT W]E SITT+ >\ND ! TABLE4 ,N[1 ! O!R FELL[S >E SLAVES JU/ ! SAME AS !Y >E4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,& ,I WANT TO SAY TO Y\ ?AT !Y HAVE MORE H>D%IPS ?AN EV5 ! ME*ANIC4 ,IF A BRICKLAY] LAYS SO MANY BRICKS 9 A DAY1 :5 NI<T COMES ! =EMAN OR BOSS GIVES HIM CR$IT = LAY+ SO MU* BRICK4 ,N[1 ONE ( !SE POOR FELL[S WILL GO \T & COV] A MEET+ & WORK LIKE A DOG & GET UP A LOVELY REPORT & LAY IT D[N BE=E ! MA/]1 :O WILL TAKE A BLUE P5CIL & SCRAT* TWO-?IRDS ( IT \T & ?R[ IT 9 ! WA/E BASKET4 7,LAU<T]74 ,:I* GOES TO %[ ! POSITION ?AT !Y OCCUPY & ?AT !IR LABOR IS NOT APPRECIAT$ BY !IR MA/]4 ,N[1 ! REASON :Y !Y PUT ! BLUE P5CIL ?R\< ! WORK ( ! BOYS IS ?IS3 ,IT IS SIMPLY BECAUSE !Y TOOK ! RI<T TO TELL ! TRU?1 & ! PRESS ( ?IS C\NTRY DOESN'T WANT ! TRU?4 7,APPLAUSE47 ,IT IS A COMMON OCCURR5CE1 :5 Y\ HE> PEOPLE MISQUOT$ TO LAY IT TO ! BOYS :O TAKE NOTES AT ! TABLE1 BUT ,I WANT TO TELL Y\ ?AT ) V]Y FEW EXCEPTIONS ! MAN ?AT REV]SES EV5 ! NOTES ?AT W]E TAK5 & CUTS \T ! S5T5CES & SPOILS ! :OLE PROPOSITION IS NOT ! MAN :O IS H]E1 BUT ! MAN ?AT SITS AT ! DESK 9 ! (FICE & RECEIVES !IR WORK4 ,HE IS ! MAN ?AT DOES ?AT4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,SO ,I W\LD RA!R BE A HOD C>RI] ?AN ONE ( ?OSE FELL[S4 ,A HOD C>RI] WORKS ONLY EI<T H\RS A DAY4 ,!SE FELL[S SCAB TW5TY-F\R H\RS (T54 7,APPLAUSE74 ,!Y HAVE TO DO IT4 ,!Y HAV5'T GOT AN ORGANIZATION4 ,! HOD C>RI]S >E S5SIBLE 5\< TO ORGANIZE4 ,!Y DID ?AT YE>S AGO4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,AS A G5]AL PROPOSITION1 :5 Y\ SEE A Y\NG MAN RUNN+ >\ND ) A P5CIL OV] HIS E> & WE>+ A ,NO4 #a CUFF = A COLL> Y\ CAN'T EXPECT V]Y MU* ( HIM ANYWAY4 7,LAU<T]47 

,BUT N[1 LET US GET D[N TO PRACTICAL WORK H]E = AB\T  ?REE M9UTES1 & !N ,I AM GO+ TO LET Y\ GO4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION1 AS /AT$ TO Y\1 IS BROAD 5\< = EV]Y WORK+MAN4 ,PROVISIONS >E MADE SO ?AT QU>RELS CAN BE SETTL$ AMONG Y\RSELVES AS TO JURISDICTION4 ,!RE IS NO ROOM = JURISDICTIONAL QU>RELS 9 ?IS ORGANIZATION4 ,& WE BELIEVE ?AT ! WORK+ PEOPLE >E COM+ 9TO IT4 ,WE >E GO+ =W>D ) ! WORK ( ?IS ORGANIZATION ) NO QU>RELS ) ANY O!R ORGANIZATION OR ANY HATR$S4 ,WE >E GO+ AHEAD ) \R WORK1 & IF ANY?+ GETS 9 \R WAY WE >E GO+ TO PU% IT \T ( ! WAY1 = WE >E GO+ ON4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,WE NE$ AN ORGANIZATION ( ?IS K9D 9 ,*ICAGO1 BECAUSE IF WE HAD IT ! POLICEM5 W\LD HAVE TO WALK !IR BEATS1 & UND] ! PRES5T SY/EM ?AT IS 9 VOGUE H]E N[ !Y RIDE4 7,LAU<T]74 ,I HAVE (T5 ?\<T3 0,I WOND] :AT POOR ,IREL& W\LD SAY IF %E C\LD ONLY SEE H] SONS PROTECT+ A NEGRO SCAB40 7,LAU<T]74 ,& SOMETIMES WE SEE NEGRO POLICEM5 PROTECT+ :ITE SCABS4 ,A BEAUTIFUL SPECTACLE 9 ,AM]ICA1 :5 WE CAN HIRE ONE-HALF ( ! PRODUC+ CLASS TO %OOT D[N ! O!R HALF4 7,APPLAUSE47 ,IS ?AT BECAUSE ( ! SOLID>ITY ( LABOR1 OR ! DIVISION ( LABOR8 ,IT IS BECAUSE ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR3 ,IT IS BECAUSE ( ! >I/OCRATIC ORGANIZATION ?AT WE HAVE BE5 DRILL$ 9 9 ! PA/2 ! ORGANIZATIONS ?AT HAVE TOLD Y\ AS C]TA9 ME*ANICS ?AT Y\ >E BETT] ?AN ! O!R ME*ANICS4 ,I WANT TO SAY TO Y\ ?AT !RE IS NO ME*ANIC ANY BETT] ?AN ! COMMON LABOR]4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,IF WE HAD NO COMMON LABOR] ! /RUCTURES ( ANY CITY W\LD NOT RISE UNLESS ! ME*ANIC W5T D[N & PLAY$ COMMON LABOR]4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,! COMMON LABOR]S >E ! F\ND]S ( ?IS C\NTRY4 ,!Y >E ! ONES ?AT MAKE IT POSSIBLE = CIVILIZATION TO EXI/4 ,IT WAS ! COMMON LABOR] ?AT TOOK ! AX & SAW & W5T 9TO ! =E/1 *OPP$ D[N ! TIMB] & BR\<T IT TO ! MILL4 ,IT WAS NOT SKILL$ LABOR1 BUT IT WAS COMMON LABOR ?AT PUT IT ON ! C>RIAGE & S5T ! SAW SCREE*+ ?R\< IT & MADE ! MAT]IAL ?AT !SE BUILD+S >E MADE (4 ,COMMON LABOR PUT IT UP :5 IT REA*$ ! PLACE :]E IT WAS GO+ 9TO \R MANSIONS4 ,!N ! >I/OCRAT ( LABOR GOT HOLD ( IT4 ,WAIT TILL ,I TELL Y\ :AT !Y DID4 ,! 0>I/OCRATS0 GO TO WORK & BUILD ! BEAUTIFUL /RUCTURE4 ,!Y C>RY IT ON TILL !Y GET IT COV]$ ON ALL SIDES & ON TOP4 ,!N ! GLAZI] COMES >\ND & SETS ! BEAUTIFUL GLASS 9 ! SA%4 ,! DECORATORS COME 9SIDE & DECORATE & BEAUTIFY IT = SOMEBODY4 ,& :5 IT IS ALL 9 %IP%APE & READY TO BE OCCUPI$1 LABOR HAS DONE EV]Y BIT ( IT4 ,COMMON LABOR W5T 9TO ! =E/ & GOT EV]Y BIT ( IT4 ,LABOR W5T 9TO ! E>? & GOT ! /ONES & ! MAT]IAL = ! F\NDATION4 ,NOT ONE /ROKE WAS /RUCK UPON ! BUILD+ BY A MAN :O MAY BE CALL$ A CAPITALI/4 ,& !N ! LA/ MAN ?AT DOES ! SETT+ ( ! H+ES & ! TRIMM+S IS ! LOCKSMI?4 ,:5 HE GETS ?R\< & HE HAS ALL ! W9D[S FIX$ SO ?AT NO ONE CAN GET 91 !N HE GOES TO ! FRONT DOOR & TAKES HIS *ISEL & HAMM] & SETS ! LOCK1 & :5 HE F9DS ?AT IT WORKS P]FECTLY HE GOES ON ! \TSIDE ( ?AT BUILD+ ?AT HE ) HIS BRO!RS HAS BUILT & F9I%$ & HE TURNS OV] ! H\SE KEY TO A MA/] ?AT NEV] /RUCK A BL[4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,!RE ! MA/] RESIDES1 BUT :5 Y\ WANT TO F9D ?OSE :OSE BLOOD /A9S >E >\ND ?AT BUILD+ Y\ MU/ GO 9TO ! DI/RICTS :]E Y\ F9D ! HOVEL1 ! *ANTY & ! LITTLE COTTAGE4 ,!RE Y\ F9D ! M5 ) BRAWNY >MS & R$ FLANNEL %IRTS ON ,SUNDAY AFT]NOON SITT+ >\ND ! H\SE SMOK+ !IR LITTLE PIPES & RE/+ SO ?AT !Y MAY BE GOOD & /RONG PRODUC]S ON ! NEXT DAY4 ,:Y HAVE !Y NONE ( !SE ?+S !Y PRODUCE8 ,IF !SE ?+S >E BUILT BY LABOR1 :Y DOES NOT LABOR [N !M8 7,APPLAUSE74 ,SIMPLY BECAUSE !Y OCCUPY ! SAME POSITION AS ! TRA9$ BRUTE4 ,!RE IS NO ONE MAN C\LD HOLD A HORSE IF ! HORSE KNEW HIS [N /R5G?4 ,NO ONE MAN C\LD EQUAL ! P[] ( ! HORSE4 ,:5 Y\ SEE A SPIRIT$ HORSE DRIV5 BY A LADY1 IT IS NOT BECAUSE ( H] P[] OV] ! HORSE1 BUT BECAUSE HE SUBMITS ?R\< FE>4 ,& ?AT IS ! REASON :Y ! PRODUC+ CLASS P]MIT !MSELVES TO BE DRIV54 ,IT IS BECAUSE ( FE>4 ,IT IS BECAUSE !Y >E AFRAID ?AT !IR BRO!RS WILL NOT /& BY !IR SIDE :5 ! PULL COMES4 7,LAU<T]47 

,*ICAGO 9 ! PA/ F\R MON?S HAS BE5 9 A TURMOIL4 ,WE HAVE HAD A LITTLE EXP]I5CE H]E ?AT ,I BELIEVE HAS OP5$ ! EYES NOT ONLY ( ! UNION M51 BUT ( ! BUS9ESS M54 ,I BELIEVE BUS9ESS M5 >E DISGU/$ ) ! PRES5T =M ( ORGANIZATION4 ,I BELIEVE !Y 9 FACT WI% !Y C\LD EI!R GET LICK$ OR LICK ! O!R FELL[ QUICKLY & HAVE IT OV] )4 ,! PRES5T FI<T ?AT IS GO+ ON 9 ,*ICAGO REM9DS ME ( A /ORY4 ,!RE WAS A ,G]MAN :O HAD A V]Y NICE LITTLE DOG1 & HE MADE UP HIS M9D ?AT IF HE W\LD CLIP ITS E>S IT W\LD MAKE A NIC] LOOK+ DOG4 ,BUT HE ?\<T ?AT IF HE CUT IT (F ALL AT ONCE IT W\LD PA9 ! DOG TOO MU*1 SO HE SAID3 0,I JU/ WILL CUT A LITTLE (F EA* DAY SO ?AT IT WONT HURT SO MU* EA* TIME40 ,& ?AT IS ! WAY IT LOOKS AB\T ?IS /RIKE2 !Y DON'T WANT IT TO HURT SO MU* EA* TIME4 ,IF LABOR WAS ORGANIZ$ ! WAY IT %\LD BE 9 ,*ICAGO1 LA/ ,JANU>Y :5 ! G>M5T WORK]S /RUCK1 ! TEAM/]S CONNECT$ ) ?OSE FACTORIES W\LD HAVE QUIT ALSO4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,& !N ORGANIZ$ LABOR W\LD HAVE S]V$ NOTICE ON ! GOV]NOR & ON ! MAYOR ( ! CITY ( ,*ICAGO ?AT ! FIR/ TIME >M$ TROOPS W]E SE5 ON ! /REETS ( ! CITY ( ,*ICAGO ALL LABOR W\LD QUIT 9 ! CITY ( ,*ICAGO4 7,GREAT APPLAUSE74 ,WE WILL GET Y\ ORGANIZ$ IF Y\ WILL BE AS LIB]AL ) Y\R SUPPORT AS Y\ W]E :5 ,I FIR/ WORK$ ) Y\4 ,BECAUSE Y\ NE$ IT 9 ,*ICAGO1 & WE DON'T NE$ TO GO TO ,FALL ,RIV]1 :]E ! BRO!R CAME FROM1 & :]E IT WAS REPORT$ BY ! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR ?AT AN EXCELL5T SETTLEM5T WAS MADE1 BUT !Y NEV] REPORT$ ?AT !Y GOT A TW5TY P] C5T R$UCTION ! DAY AFT] ! SETTLEM5T WAS MADE4 ,Y\ DON'T NE$ TO GO TO ,FALL ,RIV] TO F9D SWEAT %OPS OR CONDITIONS ?AT >E NOT RI<T = ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,Y\ CAN F9D !M RI<T H]E 9 ,*ICAGO4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,RI<T H]E 9 ! CITY ( ,*ICAGO LITTLE *ILDR51 LITTLE GIRLS1 >E TRUDG+ EV]Y MORN+ TO ! FACTORIES :5 !Y %\LD BE >\ND !IR MO!R'S SKIRTS & GO+ TO S*OOL FIVE DAYS ( ! WEEK4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,! MA9 OBJECT ( ?IS ORGANIZATION1 AS /AT$ BY ! PREVI\S SPEAK]1 IS TO REA* D[N & GET ! FELL[ ?AT IS D[N & BR+ HIM UP TO ! LEVEL ( ! FELL[ ?AT IS WELL PAID N[4 ,WE >E NOT LOOK+ AT ! TOP LABOR]1 BECAUSE WE KN[ HE /ICKS UP 9 DIFF]5T PLACES :]E !RE >E 0>I/OCRATIC0 BUN*ES1 & HE GOES D[N AGA9 LIKE ?AT 7ILLU/RAT+ ) A GE/URE74 ,WE WANT TO HEAVE UP !SE HOLL[ PLACES1 & LEVEL IT ALL ALONG ON ! BOTTOM4 ,WE WANT A M9IMUM4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,IF WE GET ! M9IMUM UP H]E1 IF ! ME*ANIC IS WOR?Y ( ELEVATION1 HIS WORK WILL %[ IT & HE WILL ELEVATE1 & AS SOON AS HE DOES HE WILL GET RI<T UND] ! COMMON FELL[ & %OVE HIM RI<T UP TO ! SIDE ( HIM4 

,?IS IS UP TO Y\4 ,?IS IS UP TO LABOR4 ,IF LABOR WANTS ?OSE ?+S IT CAN GET !M BY CONC5TRAT$ ACTION4 ,IF WE WANT TO REMA9 UNORGANIZ$ OR DIVID$1 :Y !N ! CONDITIONS WILL EXI/ JU/ AS !Y >E AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,!RE NEV] WAS A /RIKE 9 ,*ICAGO :]E !RE %\LD BE MORE CR$IT GIV5 TO M5 = MAK+ A H>D FI<T ?AN ! PRES5T FI<T ?AT IS 9 EXI/5CE1 ! TEAM/]S' /RIKE4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,I HAVE BE5 H]E TW5TY-FIVE YE>S1 & DUR+ ?AT TIME ,I HAVE SE5 A GREAT MANY /RUGGLES4 ,I HAVE NEV] SE5 ANY?+ TO EQUAL ! SACRIFICE ?AT HAS BE5 MADE BY ! TEAM/]S4 ,! M5 HAVE SACRIFIC$ & BL$4 ,I HAVE SE5 !M GO & FACE FIFTY POLICEM5 & PUT !IR WAGONS ACROSS ! /REET :5 !Y KNEW ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO ESCAPE ! POLICEMAN'S CLUB4 ,I SAY ?AT M5 :O HAVE ! C\RAGE TO DO ?AT K9D ( WORK >E FIT = A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,! GREAT TR\BLE ) ! BOYS ?AT >E \T ON /RIKE IS ?IS3 ,!Y >E DO+ !IR P>T1 BUT ! TR\BLE IS ON ! O!R 5D :]E !Y MEET SO-CALL$ UNION M5 ( ANO!R ORGANIZATION ?AT HASN'T GOT A GRIEVANCE YET1 & !Y WONT HAVE TILL ! DRIV]S >E LICK$1 & !N ! BOSSES WILL SK9 !SE O!R FELL[S4 ,ON ! O!R 5D WE F9D UNION M5 AT ! FREI<T H\SE DOORS WELCOM+ ! LOADS ( SCAB FREI<T4 ,!Y UNLOAD ! FREI<T & /[ IT AWAY1 & !N !Y PASS D[N ! L9E TO ! \T-GO+ FREI<T1 & !RE ! UNION M5 LOAD UP ! SCAB WAGONS & MAKE SURE ! LOADS >E SAFELY TI$ ON BE=E !Y GO AWAY4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,:5 LABOR IS ORGANIZ$ RI<T1 :5 ! SCAB BACKS UP HE WON'T F9D ANYBODY !RE TO TAKE C>E ( ! FREI<T4 ,WE DON'T PROPOSE TO ORGANIZE ONLY ! COMMON MAN ) ! CALL\S H&S1 BUT WE WANT ! CL]ICAL =CE1 WE WANT ! S(T H&S ?AT ONLY GET @s#d A MON?1 ?OSE FELL[S ) ,NO4 #a CUFFS & COLL>S4 ,WE WANT !M ALL1 SO ?AT :5 A /RIKE IS CALL$ WE CAN /RIKE ! :OLE BUS9ESS AT ONCE4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD IS AN ORGANIZATION BUILT ON ?AT POLICY1 A MOVEM5T ?AT CAN BE H&L$ SO ?AT ALL ?OSE :O >E MEMB]S ( ?AT ORGANIZATION CAN1 IF WE DESIRE1 BE GOT TO /OP WORK 9 ?IRTY M9UTES4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,I AM QUITE CONFID5T ?AT BE=E WE ADJ\RN ?IS CONV5TION WE WILL GET SOME?+ V]Y NICE 9 ! WAY ( A NICE MOTTO WRITT5 UP 91 RESPECT TO :AT WE HAVE DONE = LABOR1 FROM ! ,MANAG]S' ,ASSOCIATION ( ,*ICAGO1 BECAUSE ,I ?9K ?AT !Y WILL 5JOY AN ORGANIZATION BUILT ON ! L9ES ( SOLID>ITY4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,I AM EXPECT+ IT EV]Y DAY4 ,:ILE ! PRESS HAS BE5 A LITTLE BA%FUL AB\T GIV+ US MU* CR$IT1 ,I EXPECT BE=E LONG ?AT !SE BOYS :O BROKE \T ) !IR APPLAUSE WILL BE F\ND 9 AN ORGANIZATION ( !IR [N1 CONNECT$ ) ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,N[1 !RE >E O!R SPEAK]S TO FOLL[ ME1 & AS ,I HAVE ANO!R MEET+ TO GO TO1 ,I AM NOT GO+ TO HOLD Y\ ANY LONG]4 ,I WANT TO SAY ?AT ,I ?ANK Y\ V]Y K9DLY = Y\R ATT5TION1 & ,I WILL ASK Y\ TO GO \T & SPREAD ! GOSPEL AS TO ! AIMS ( \R ORGANIZATION1 & %[ ! SAME SPIRIT & ! DISPOSITION AS Y\ HAVE T[>D ! SPEAK]S TO-NI<T4 ,IF Y\ DO1 IF Y\ CON/ITUTE Y\RSELVES EA* & EV]YONE ( Y\ AN ORGANIZ]1 ,I 4AM CONFID5T IT WILL BE ONLY A FEW MON?S TILL ! CITY ( ,*ICAGO WILL SEE AN ORGANIZ$ CONDITION SU* AS NEV] HAS BE5 5JOY$ 9 ! PA/4 ,I ?ANK Y\4 7,GREAT APPLAUSE47  

,! ,*,A,I,R,W,O,M,A,N3-,! NEXT SPEAK] WILL BE ,WILLIAM ,E4 ,TRAUTMANN ( ! 0,BREW]Y ,WORK]S40 7,APPLAUSE47 

,A,D,D,R,E,S,S ,( ,W,I,L,L,I,A,M ,E4 ,T,R,A,U,T,M,A,N,N3 

,MY ,FRI5DS & ,COMRADES3---,! =M] SPEAK] HAS 9DULG$ 9 !ORIES AS TO :AT ! 9DU/RIAL UNION MOVEM5T CAN ACCOMPLI%4 ,I WI% TO PO9T TO SOME FACTS TO %[ :AT ! 9DU/RIAL UNION MOVEM5T ( ! WORLD HAS ALREADY ACCOMPLI%$ 9 O!R C\NTRIES UPON ! GLOBE4 ,WE SEE TO-DAY1 & /& AMAZ$ P]HAPS1 AT ! SOLID>ITY ( ! PROLET>IANS ( ,RUSSIA4 ,WE SEE TO-DAY ONE SET ( WORK]S1 AS 9 ,W>SAW OR 9 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 OR 9 ANY O!R P>T ( ?AT C\NTRY1 LAY D[N !IR TOOLS = ?REE OR F\R DAYS & AGA9 RESUME ! OP]ATION ( ! 9DU/RIES2 KEEP ON ! OP]ATION = AB\T A WEEK &1 AS IF GUID$ BY A COMMON ?\<T1 AGA9 LAY D[N ! TOOLS & LEAVE ! [N]S ( ! TOOLS TO KEEP ?9K+ :AT ! WORK+ CLASS REALLY DOES WANT4 ,AL?\< ?AT C\NTRY MAY BE CLASS$ AS REACTION>Y1 AS BE+ BACKW>D1 YET WE SEE ! WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZ$ ON ! L9ES ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM14 :]E ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 NOT B\ND BY ! SACR$NESS OR ! SANCTITY ( A CONTRACT1 NOT B\ND D[N BY ! LABOR LEAD]S1 NOT B\ND D[N BY ! COMM&S & DICTATION ( A FEW1 >E READY ANY TIME TO LAY D[N !IR TOOLS & DICTATE TO ! EMPLOY]S & ! RUL]S ( ! WORLD :AT !Y REALLY WANT4 ,Y\ MAY SAY ?AT ?AT MAY BE A *AOTIC /RIKE )\T ORGANIZATION4 ,Y\ MAY SAY ?AT ?OSE :O TO-DAY REBEL AGA9/ CONDITIONS AS !Y EXI/ 9 ,RUSSIA HAVE NOT EV5 HE>D AB\T ORGANIZATION OR 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM AS WE >E TRY+ TO 9TRODUCE IT UPON ! ,AM]ICAN CONT95T4 ,YET ! FACT REMA9S ?AT ! WORK]S ( ,RUSSIA HAVE BE5 ORGANIZ+ = ! LA/ T5 YE>S ON ! SAME L9ES ! ,AM]ICAN WORK+ PEOPLE >E GO+ TO ORGANIZE ON2 ON ! L9ES ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM1 ON ! L9ES ( ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ) ! P[] & ! DET]M9ATION TO LAY D[N ! TOOLS AT ANY TIME :5 !Y SEE FIT1 & ) ! P[] & DET]M9ATION TO TAKE UP WORK AGA9 :5 !Y SEE FIT1 :5 !Y HAVE EI!R LO/ OR WON A FI<T AGA9/ ! [N]S ( ! TOOLS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,ON EXACTLY ! SAME L9ES ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD >E ORGANIZ+ 9 EV]Y CIVILIZ$ C\NTRY ( ! WORLD4 ,IT IS NOT ! WEAPON ( ! B>B>IAN1 BUT IT IS ! WEAPON ( CIVILIZATION ?AT ! WORK]S ( ?IS C\NTRY %\LD USE 9 !IR FI<TS AGA9/ ! [N]S ( ! TOOLS4 ,IT IS ! FI<T ( ?OSE :O TO-DAY PRODUCE EV]Y?+ ?AT IS ( VALUE4 ,& BY REASON ( !IR HAV+ ! P[] 9 !IR H&S2 BY REASON ( !IR KN[+ ?AT !Y PRODUCE EV]Y?+2 BY REASON ( !IR REALIZ+ ! FACT ?AT !Y CAN ORGANIZE & OP]ATE ! TOOLS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION2 BY REASON ( !SE FACTS & !SE FACTS ALONE HAVE !Y ORGANIZ$ 9 EV]Y COMMUNITY1 9 EV]Y REGION1 9 EV]Y C\NTRY1 9DU/RIAL UNIONS SU* AS ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD ( ?IS C\NTRY >E TRY+ TO ORGANIZE4 

,WE CLAIM ?AT ! PRODUC]S %\LD ALSO HAVE ! RI<T TO /OP PRODUCTION1 & BY /OPP+ PRODUCTION41 ALL AT ! SAME TIME1 !Y WILL %[ ! P[] ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK+ CLASS1 & WILL SIMPLY =CE 9TO SUBMISSION IF NECESS>Y ?OSE :O TO-DAY CONTROL ! MEANS ( LIFE & ! MEANS TO OBTA9 :AT IS GOOD & NECESS>Y = ALL ! MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,! WORK]S ( ,RUSSIA HAVE NOT ! BALLOT4 ,!Y CANNOT HAVE IT4 ,!Y USE !IR ECONOMIC P[]1 & ) AN ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ON ! SAME L9ES AS ! 9DU/RIAL UNION ( ?IS C\NTRY IS GO+ TO BE ORGANIZ$ ON1 !Y WILL USE ?AT P[] ( ! PRODUC]S TO %[ ?OSE :O TO-DAY CONTROL ! DE/9IES ( ?IS C\NTRY ?AT !RE IS A CLASS CONSI/+ ( MILLIONS ?AT CAN DICTATE CONDITIONS TO ! FEW :O TO-DAY CAN & DO EXPLOIT ?OSE MILLIONS4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,!Y HAVE %[N 9 O!R C\NTRIES ?AT ONLY BY ORGANIZATION ON ECONOMIC L9ES1 BY AN ORGANIZATION ?AT IS BAS$ ON A RECOGNITION ( ! CLASS CONFLICT 9 SOCIETY1 ON A RECOGNITION ( ! FACT ?AT !RE >E TWO CLASSES1 ONE ! EXPLOIT+ & ! O!R ! EXPLOIT$ CLASS1 ON A RECOGNITION ( ! FACT ?AT !RE WILL BE A CLASS W> UNTIL WE1 ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD1 >E DET]M9$ TO 5D ?AT W>1 CAN WE SUCCE$--& IT IS ON ?IS RECOGNITION ?AT ! WORK]S HAVE ORGANIZ$ ! ECONOMIC P[]S ( ! WORLD4 ,WE MU/ SAY1 & REPEAT AGA91 ?AT IT IS TIME 9 ?IS C\NTRY TO ORGANIZE ! WORK]S ON ! SAME L9E AS !Y >E ORGANIZ$ 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 9 ALL NATIONS1 9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD1 ) ! SAME OBJECT 9 VIEW1 ) ! SAME GOAL 9 VIEW1 ?AT ONLY BY ! USE ( \R ECONOMIC P[] WILL WE BE ABLE TO WRE/ FROM ?OSE :O [N ! TOOLS ?AT :I* BELONGS TO ! PRODUC]S ( ALL ! WEAL?4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,I DO NOT D5Y ?AT WE HAVE O!R WEAPONS4 ,I DO NOT IGNORE ! POLITICAL CLASS /RUGGLE1 OR ! CLASS /RUGGLE ON POLITICAL L9ES2 YET AT ! SAME TIME ,I SAY ?AT EV]Y ,SOCIALI/ OR EV]Y MAN :O BELIEVES 9 ,SOCIALISM HAS NO APOLOGY TO (F] = ! =MATION ( AN ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS ?AT IS GO+ TO BE ! TRA9+ S*OOL = ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD 9 ORD] TO 5ABLE !M TO OP]ATE ! TOOLS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION 9 A COOP]ATIVE COMMONWEAL?4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,WE SEE TO-DAY 9 ,RUSSIA H[ M5 LAY D[N ! TOOLS = TWO OR ?REE DAYS1 AGA9 RESUME OP]ATIONS = AB\T A WEEK1 AGA9 LAY D[N ! TOOLS1 & KEEP ! EMPLOY]S ALL ! TIME 9 A /ATE ( IRRITATION4 ,WE SEE TO-DAY ?AT ! WORK]S :O >E ORGANIZ$ ON ! RI<T L9ES1 ON ! PR9CIPLES ( CLASS SOLID>ITY1 DO NOT C>E ANY?+ AB\T ! SACR$NESS ( CONTRACT4 ,WE SEE TO-DAY ?AT WORK]S SIMPLY GO \T 9 A BODY1 9 COMMUNITY1 & 9 RECOGNITION ( ! CLASS SOLID>ITY & CLASS COMMUNITY ( !IR FELL[ M5--\T ON /RIKE )\T RECOGNITION ( ! SACR$ RI<TS ( ?OSE :O EXPLOIT US4 ,& WE SEE TO-DAY ?AT !RE >E GR[+ NUMB]S ( ?OSE ?AT DO NOT RECOGNIZE ! RI<TS ( ?OSE :O HAVE EXPLOIT$ US = C5TURIES4 ,& :Y8 ,BECAUSE ( ! RECOGNITION ( ! CLASS CONFLICT ?AT !SE ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BE5 ORGANIZ$ UPON2 BECAUSE EV]Y MAN :O HAS BECOME ! HEAD ( AN ORGANIZATION REALIZES ! FACT ?AT HE MU/ BECOME ! PILL> ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,REALIZ+ ! FACT ?AT HE HAS ! 9T]E/S ( HIS FELL[ M5 AT /AKE 9 ! BATTLE BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ CLASS & ! WAGE WORK]S' >MY1 HE BECOMES A W>RIOR 9 ?AT >MY & ALWAYS REMA9S ) IT UNTIL ! VICTORY4 ,SU* AN >MY1 :ATEV] MAY COME1 :ATEV] MAY BE ! RESULT1 WILL ALWAYS BE AN >MY ( M5 ?AT WILL ALWAYS /ICK TO ! COLORS1 & WILL ALWAYS REMA9 A FI<T+ >MY UNTIL ! GOAL HAS BE5 REA*$4 

,!RE IS A DIFF]5CE BETWE5 PURE & SIMPLE OR CRAFT UNIONISM & AN 9DU/RIAL UNION ORGANIZATION4 ,WE SIMPLY PROCLAIM ?AT A MAN %\LD BE A MEMB] ( AN ORGANIZATION ( HIS %OP FELL[S1 & :5 HE KN[S :Y HE IS ORGANIZ$ HE NEV] WILL DES]T ! ORGANIZATION4 7,APPLAUSE47 ,:5 HE KN[S ?AT A DEFEAT />ES HIS %OP FELL[ M5 9 ! FACE1 HE WILL KN[ ?AT ! PROP] TIME HAS COME TO GO BACK TO WORK4 ,AL?\< HE MAY BE OPPRESS$ & O/RACIZ$ & P]SECUT$1 YET HE KN[S ) HIS FELL[ M5 9 ! SAME FACTORY1 9 ! SAME M9E1 9 ! SAME %OP1 ?AT ! PROP] & OPPORTUNE TIME WILL COME :5 HE1 )\T ! CONS5T ( ! EMPLOY]1 WILL TAKE UP >MS AGA9/ HIM & FI<T AGA9/ HIM4 ,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 CRAFT UNIONISM & 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT ! CRAFT UNIONI/ RECOGNIZES ! SACR$NESS ( CONTRACT4 ,HE ALL[S ! EMPLOY] TO *OOSE ! BATTLE GR\ND1 & :5 ! CONTRACT EXPIRES ! EMPLOY] IS PREP>$ TO TAKE UP >MS & TAKE UP ! BATTLE AGA9/ ! EMPLOYES4 ,HE HAS PREP>$ EV]Y?+ TO DEFEAT !M1 & :5 ! CONTRACT IS SIGN$ ! EMPLOY] DOES NOT RECOGNIZE ! COMMITTEE ( ! UNION4 ,Y\ ALL KN[1 )\T ! NECESSITY ( PRO(1 ! CONDITIONS AS !Y EXI/4 ,! 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/1 ON ! O!R H&1 WILL CONSID] & /UDY ! ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ( ! C\NTRY1 & WILL ALWAYS BE PREP>$ = A FI<T1 & WILL ALWAYS BE READY TO TAKE UP ! BATTLE AGA9/ ! EMPLOY+ CLASS1 ALWAYS READY TO TAKE UP >MS1 ALWAYS READY TO HELP HIS FELL[ WORKM5 9 ! SAME 9DU/RY4 ,H]E IS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 A MAN B\ND D[N BY ! SACR$NESS ( CONTRACT & A MAN :O IS B\ND TO HIS FELL[ M5 9 ! SAME 9DU/RY & 9 ALL 9DU/RIES BY CLASS SOLID>ITY1 BY ! RECOGNITION ( ! SOLID>ITY ( 9T]E/ ( ALL M5 :O TOIL 9 ! SWEAT ( !IR BR[4 ,& ?IS RECOGNITION ALONE WILL MAKE ! 9DU/RIAL UNION MOVEM5T A SUCCESS4 ,! SACR$NESS ( CONTRACT IDEA %\LD NOT PREVAIL 9 ?IS ORGANIZATION4 ,! WORKM5 %\LD ALWAYS BE READY TO TAKE UP ! FI<T AGA9/ ! EMPLOY+ CLASS2 ANY TIME BE READY TO SUPPORT ! M5 9 ! %OP1 9 ! SAME 9DU/RY1 9 ALL 9DU/RIES IF NECESS>Y1 TO FI<T ! BATTLES AGA9/ ?OSE :O EXPLOIT US1 AGA9/ ?OSE :O GR9D \T ( \R LABOR P[] ALL ! LUXURIES ( !IR [N LIFE & DO NOT ALL[ US TO 5JOY :AT NATURE HAS GIV5 TO ALL MANK9D4 7,APPLAUSE47 ,NOT ! DIFF]5CE 9 =MS1 BUT ! DIFF]5CE 9 ! MEANS EMPLOY$ %\LD BE ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 CRAFT UNIONISM & ! 9DU/RIAL UNION MOVEM5T4 ,IT %\LD BE ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! ME?ODS & ! F9AL AIM & GOAL4 

,! 9DU/RIAL UNION MOVEM5T RECOGNIZES ! FACT ?AT LABOR MU/ ALWAYS BE EXPLOIT$ AS LONG AS ! SY/EM ( WAGE SLAV]Y EXI/S4 ,! 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/ RECOGNIZES ! FACT ?AT1 UNLESS HE OV]?R[S ! SY/EM ( CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 HE WILL ALWAYS BE A WAGE SLAVE4 ,! 9DU/RIALI/ WILL RECOGNIZE ! FACT1 DOES RECOGNIZE ! FACT1 ?AT ) ALL ! P[] AT ! COMM& ( HIS FELL[ WORK]S 9 ! SAME %OP1 9 ALL 9DU/RIES 9 ! WORLD1 HE HAS ONLY ONE AIM1 ONE GOAL1 ONE OBJECT BE=E HIS EYES--! OV]?R[ ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM4 ,AL?\< HE MAY FI<T ! BATTLES ( TO-DAY JU/ AS EFFECTIVELY1 JU/ AS FI]CELY1 JU/ AS SUCCESSFULLY AS ! OLD CRAFT UNIONI/S HAVE F\<T !M = ! LA/ T5 YE>S1 ! DIFF]5CE ONLY IS ?AT WE SEE TO-DAY ! CAPITALI/ PITT+ ONE SECTION ( WORK]S AGA9/ ANO!R SECTION ( WORK]S4 ,WE SEE TO-DAY H[ UNION M5 CAN TAKE ! PLACES ( O!R UNION M54 ,WE SEE TO-DAY ! WOOD WORK]S TAK+ ! PLACES ( ! C>P5T]S2 WE SEE TO-DAY ! 5G9E]S 9 ONE 9DU/RY TAK+ ! PLACES ( ! 5G9E]S 9 ANO!R 9DU/RY4 ,WE SEE H[1 BY ! ABETT+ ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS & ?R\< ! AID ( ! LABOR LEAD]S1 ONE FACTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS BE+ US$ AGA9/ ! O!R P>T ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & BY ! SY/EMATIC EF=T ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 ! WORK+ CLASS IS KEPT DIVID$ & AT LOGG]HEADS4 7,APPLAUSE47 ,! 9DU/RIAL UNION MOVEM5T PROPOSES ?AT !RE %\LD BE SOLID>ITY UPON ! ECONOMIC BATTLE GR\ND4 ,! WORK]S %\LD RECOGNIZE ?AT ! COMMON WORK] :O SWEEPS ! /REETS & ! MAN :O E>NS @s#e1 @s#f OR @s#h A DAY 9 ! IRON & /EEL WORKS1 >E EQUAL1 ONE AS GOOD AS ! O!R2 ?AT !Y BO? HAVE ONE 9T]E/2 ?AT !Y HAVE ONE FOE TO FI<T1 & ?AT IS ! [N]S ( ! TOOLS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,BY RECOGNIZ+ ?IS FACT ! 9DU/RIAL UNION MOVEM5T PROCLAIMS & ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD PROCLAIM ?AT WE1 ! WORK+ CLASS1 MU/ USE \R EF=TS TO GET & KEEP ! WORK+ CLASS UNIT$ ON ! ECONOMIC BATTLE FIELD 9 ORD] TO 5ABLE !M TO CONTROL ! MEANS ( LIFE1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 SO ?AT ! WORK]S MAY BE ABLE TO OP]ATE ! 9DU/RIES ( ?IS C\NTRY1 NOT = ! B5EFIT ( ! FEW1 BUT = ! COMMON GOOD ( ALL4 ,?AT IS ! F9AL AIM ( 9DU/RIALISM4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,! ,*AIRWOMAN3--,BE=E ,I 9TRODUCE ! LA/ SPEAK] ,I WILL /ATE ?AT ,EUG5E ,V4 ,DEBS IS \T ( ! CITY1 & ,DANIEL ,DE ,LEON WAS UNABLE TO COME ON ACC\NT ( SICKNESS4 ,! LA/ SPEAK] WILL BE ,PAT ,O',NEIL1 ! MAN FROM ,>KANSAS4 

,A,D,D,R,E,S,S ,( ,P,A,T ,O',N,E,I,L3 

,MADAM ,*AIRWOMAN & ,FELL[ ,SLAVES 3--,I DO NOT 9T5D TO KEEP Y\ H]E V]Y LONG1 BECAUSE Y\ HAVE SAT QUITE A :ILE UND] A FIRE ( ORATORY & ,I EXPECT Y\ >E TIR$2 IF Y\ >E NOT N[ Y\ WILL BE MI<TY SOON :5 ,I GET GO+4 ,WE HAVE HE>D EV]Y SPEAK] H]E ?IS EV5+ M5TION ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 BUT NO ONE HAS YET DEF9$ :AT IS ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 SO ?AT IF !RE IS ANY ONE H]E :O HAS ANY WOND] OR ANY D\BT AS TO :AT ! CLASS /RUGGLE MEANS HE MAY GO AWAY NOT KN[+ UNLESS IT IS EXPLA9$4 

,N[1 JU/ IMAG9E Y\RSELF AS A WORK+MAN ON FRI5DLY T]MS ) Y\R EMPLOY]4 ,HE PROBABLY IS A MAN ( ! V]Y BE/ 9T5TIONS BUT REMEMB] ?AT1 :5 HIS COMPETITOR CUTS WAGES1 HE 9 TURN MU/ CUT Y\RS OR GO \T ( BUS9ESS4 ,?AT IS ! IRON LAW ( COMPETITION & ( BUS9ESS4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 SOME LABOR LEAD]S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES UND]TAKE TO CONV9CE US ?AT !RE IS A H>MONY OR ID5TITY ( 9T]E/ BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL4 ,N[1 Y\ >E 9T]E/$ 9 GETT+ ! L>GE/ POSSIBLE WAGES 9 RETURN = Y\R TOIL1 :ILE ! EMPLOY] IS 9T]E/$ 9 GETT+ Y\R LABOR = ! LEA/ POSSIBLE AM\NT4 ,IS !RE ANY H>MONY OR ID5TITY ( 9T]E/ 9 ?AT8 ,CAN !RE BE8 ,N[1 ?AT IS ! CLASS /RUGGLE2 ! /RUGGLE ( ?OSE :O PRODUCE ALL & HAVE NO?+1 TO HAVE L>G] & L>G] RETURNS = !IR LABOR4  

,! NATURAL LAW ( LABOR & ( WAGES IS LAID D[N BY ALL ! GREAT AU?ORITIES1 BEG9N+ ) ! SACR$ WRIT+S1 ?AT 0,9 ! SWEAT ( ?Y FACE %ALT ?\ EAT BREAD02 NOT 9 ! SWEAT ( ANO!R MAN'S FACE1 BUT 9 ! SWEAT ( ?Y FACE %ALT ?\ EAT BREAD2 ?AT IS1 ?AT ! RESULT ( LABOR \<T TO BELONG TO ?OSE :O DO ! LABOR4 ,?AT IS ! NATURAL LAW ( LABOR & WAGES4 ,ADAM ,SMI? REPEATS IT AS SU*4 ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL COPIES ?IS LAW1 & SO DO ALL ! GREAT WRIT]S FROM ?AT E>LY TIME UP TO ! PRES5T4 ,I WILL ADMIT ?AT WE HAVE SOME M5 :O WRITE TO ! CONTR>Y1 BUT !Y >E NOT GREAT WRIT]S4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,I WANT Y\ TO GET ?AT IDEA 9TO Y\R M9DS1 AS IT CON/ITUTES ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS V]Y PLA9 :5 Y\ ONCE COME TO SEE IT1 V]Y PLA94 

,ANO!R ?+4 ,!Y W]E JOLLY+ ! MEMB]S ( ! PRESS H]E TO-NI<T1 & ,I HAVE JU/ ONE ?+ TO SAY AB\T ?AT4 ,I AM SATISFI$ ?AT WE HAVE BE5 ORGANIZ+ H]E ON EXACTLY CORRECT L9ES1 EXACTLY CLASS-CONSCI\S L9ES1 BECAUSE !RE IS ONLY ONE NEWSPAP] 9 ! CITY ?AT HAS TOLD ! TRU? AB\T :AT Y\ DID 7APPLAUSE71 & ?AT IS ! ,G]MAN NEWSPAP]1 :I* HAS GIV5 US A FAIR DEAL BECAUSE IT IS A WORK+MAN'S PAP]4 ,! O!R PAP]S ALL BELONG TO ! EMPLOY+ CLASS1 & !Y HAVE LI$ LIKE ?IEVES4 7,LAU<T] & APPLAUSE47 

,N[1 ,I JU/ WANT TO ASK Y\ A /RAI<T-=W>D QUE/ION4 ,I SAW A SIGN D[N H]E ! O!R DAY1 0,DIAMONDS1 JEWELRY1 ETC40 ,N[1 JU/ SUPPOSE ?AT Y\ W]E D[N !RE & Y\R WIFE CAME 9 & F\ND Y\ BUY+ A DIAMOND NECKLACE & A WAT* & *A9 & P5DANT ) A NICE MOTTO1 = SOME O!R WOMAN1 DON'T Y\ RECKON !RE W\LD BE SOME?+ DO+ AT Y\R H\SE PRETTY SOON8 ,WELL1 N[1 ,I WANT TO TELL Y\ ?AT ?AT IS EXACTLY :AT Y\ DO EV]Y DAY2 Y\ BUY ! DIAMONDS & SILKS & SAT9S = ! O!R FELL['S WIFE1 & ! CALICO RAGS = \R [N4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,& BY ! GODS1 IF ?AT WIFE ( Y\RS HAD A LICK ( S5SE %E W\LD GO ON /RIKE & MAKE Y\ MOVE Y\R WA%+ TILL Y\ GOT SOME S5SE4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,AS Y\ W]E TOLD A MOM5T AGO1 ,I AM FROM ,>KANSAS4 ,WE RAISE LOTS ( ?+S D[N 9 ,>KANSAS2 WE RAISE SOME CURI\S ?+S4 ,WE RAISE COTTON1 CORN & MULES--TWO-LEGG$ & F\R-LEGG$ 7LAU<T]7--& WE RAISE *ILDR5 & :ISKEY & HELL4 7,LAU<T]74 ,A %ORT TIME AGO ,I WAS TALK+ ) A G5TLEMAN D[N !RE1 & HE SAYS TO ME3 0,:Y1 Y\ >E CRAZY2 Y\ WANT TO PULL MANK9D ALL D[N TO Y\R LEVEL40 ,I SAYS3 0,NO1 NO1 ,I CAN'T UND]/& IT ?AT WAY4 ,I WANT TO REA* D[N & GET ! FELL[ ?AT IS 9 ! HOLE & BR+ HIM UP A WAYS4 ,! TR\BLE ) Y\R 9TELLECT IS ?AT IT RUNS RI<T D[N 9 ! MUD LIKE A HOG'S NOSE40 ,& ?AT IS A FACT4 ,Y\ TAKE A MAN :OSE 9TELLECT FOLL[S ! L9E ( HIS NOSE ?AT IS D[N ALL ! TIME1 HE IMAG9ES ?AT ! ONLY WAY TO LEVEL HUMANITY IS BY PULL+ D[N2 BUT A MAN :OSE 9TELLECT LOOKS UPW>D T[>DS ! LI<T1 HE RECOGNIZES ?AT !RE IS ONLY ONE WAY ( LEVEL+ MANK9D1 & ?AT IS BY LEVEL+ !M UP4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,SOME CURI\S ?+S OCCUR 9 ! LABOR FIELD4 ,I HAVE LIV$ QUITE A :ILE 9 ?IS WORLD1 SEV5TY-FIVE YE>S ! SECOND ( LA/ MON?4 ,I HAVE BE5 A LABOR] N[ A LITTLE OV] SIXTY-EI<T YE>S S9CE ,I WAS B\ND UP TO A TRADE1 & ,I WANT TO CALL Y\R ATT5TION TO SOME CURI\S FACTS4 ,Y\ HAVE BE5 ADDRESS$ TO-NI<T BY WORK+M53 ,HAG]TY1 ( LABOR+ /OCK2 ,HAYWOOD1 AN ACTUAL LABOR]2 ,%]MAN & O!RS4 ,N[1 ,ROOSEVELT IS HAV+ SOME SORT ( HY/]ICS AB\T RACE SUICIDE4 ,I WILL ADMIT ?AT HIS CLASS RUNS TO CIG>ETTES1 COLL>S & CUFFS1 BUT :5 Y\ WANT M5 Y\ GO TO ! LABOR+ CLASS & F9D !M4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,TAKE ?AT MAN ,BILL ,HAYWOOD2 ! WOM5 :O GO TO MONKEY D9N]S DON'T HAVE ?AT K9D ( SONS4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,I DON'T WOND]4 ,I DON'T WOND] ! M5 :O ASSOCIATE ONLY 9 ! CLASS TO :I* ,ROOSEVELT BELONGS FE> RACE SUICIDE4 ,LUCKILY ?IS CLIMATE IS NOT GOOD = MONKEYS4 

 ,N[1 ,I DON'T WANT TO TALK /ATI/ICS2 ?AT IS DRY BUS9ESS2 BUT ,I WANT TO CALL Y\R ATT5TION TO ONE FACT1 ?AT Y\R EMPLOY]S' FIGURES %[ ?AT EV]Y WORK+MAN 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES PRODUCES WEAL? TO ! VALUE ( AB\T @s#b1#e P] ANNUM ON ! AV]AGE4 ,WE F9D ?AT WE HAVE RETURN$ TO US1 9CLUD+ SAL>IES ( ! HI<-PRIC$ SUP]9T5D5TS1 PRESID5TS ( RAILROADS & M5 ( ?AT CLASS BUN*$ 9 ) ! LABOR]S--?AT WE GET A RETURN ( AB\T @s#d#c#g P] ANNUM4 ,N[1 !N1 ,I HAVE GOT A QUE/ION ?AT ,I WANT TO ASK SOME ( Y\ FELL[S ?AT DON'T BELIEVE 9 ?IS CLASS BUS9ESS3 ,:O 9 ! ,SAM ,HILL GETS ! O!R @s#b1#a8 ,:AT WAS IT PRODUC$ =8 ,& BY :AT RI<T DOES ! 9DIVIDUAL :O PRODUCES NO?+ AT ALL RELEGATE TO HIMSELF ! GREAT] PORTION ( ?AT :I* LABOR HAS PRODUC$8 ,LOOK+ BACKW>D1 AS ,I SAID A :ILE AGO1 WE SEE ?AT LABOR ALONE CAN PRODUCE WEAL?1 & ?AT ! SMALL] P>T CALL$ WAGES IS ALL ?AT GOES TO ?OSE ?AT TOIL4 ,!N WE F9D ?AT ! RI<T TO PROP]TY COMES BY LABOR & ?R\< LABOR4 ,TALK+ ) A RI<T NICE ,JOHNNIE BOY SOME TIME AGO1 :OSE FA!R LEFT HIM QUITE A LITTLE WAD ( MONEY 9 ! WAY ( RAILROAD /OCKS & ! LIKE ( ?AT3 0,H[ DID ALL !SE ?+S ?AT Y\ HAVE1 COME TO BELONG TO Y\80 0,:Y10 HE SAID1 0MY FA!R GAVE !M TO ME40 ,I SAID3 0,WELL1 :]E DID Y\R FA!R GET IT80 0,:Y1 MY FA!R MADE IT 9 BUS9ESS1 SIR1 & ACCUMULAT$ IT40 0,HE DID8 ,& ?AT IS ! WAY Y\ COME TO 9H]IT IT1 BECAUSE HE ACCUMULAT$ IT8 ,WELL1 SIR1 ,I WANT TO TELL Y\ SOME?+4 ,MY FA!R DID NOT ACCUMULATE1 BUT HE PRODUC$1 & ,I HAVE BE5 ROBB$ ( MY 9H]ITANCE4 ,! LAW ( 9H]ITANCE IS ALL RI<T1 BUT IT %\LD RUN ?R\< ! L9E ( PRODUCTION1 NOT ?R\< ! L9E ( ACCUMULATION40 ,( C\RSE1 HE C\LDN'T SEE IT ?AT WAY4 ,I DON'T BLAME HIM1 BECAUSE HE WAS AT ! WRONG 5D ( ! TELESCOPE1 & ,I LOOK$ P[]FUL SMALL TO HIM4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,BUT SEE H]E1 DO Y\ BELIEVE !RE IS ANY TRU? 9 ?AT /ORY ( ! ,C>P5T] ( ,NAZ>E?8 ,IF Y\ DO1 ASK Y\RSELVES ?IS QUE/ION3 ,H[ MANY K9DS ( A FOOL WAS ,HE :5 ,HE SPOKE ?IS PRAY] ?AT ,I WANT TO GIVE Y\3 0,\R ,FA!R :O >T 9 HEAV51 ?Y WILL BE DONE ON E>? AS IT IS 9 HEAV540 ,N[1 ,I WANT TO ASK Y\ A QUE/ION3 ,IF Y\ BELIEVE ,HE WAS H]E = ?AT PURPOSE1 & ?AT ,HE WAS A TRUE REPRES5TATIVE ( Y\R CULT1 ,I WANT TO ASK Y\ :O [NS ! CORN] LOTS & ! OIL WELLS 9 ,HEAV58 7,LAU<T] & APPLAUSE74 ,:ILE !Y HAVE BE5 TALK+ & PRAY+ AB\T ,HIS WILL & ,HIS K+DOM ON E>? AS IT IS 9 HEAV51 WE HAVE HAD N9ETE5 C5TURIES ( ,*RI/IANITY & JAILS4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,I DON'T BELIEVE ?AT K9D ( PRAY+ WILL DO ANYBODY ANY GOOD4 

,I AM LIKE ,DEAN ,SWIFT & HIS MAN ,JOCK4 ,ONE MORN+ ! ,DEAN SAID3 0,JOCK1 DID Y\ BLACK MY BOOTS80 0,NO10 SAID ,JOCK1 0,I BLACK$ !M YE/]DAY1 & ?AT IS 5\<40 ,AFT] A BIT1 AB\T D9N] TIME1 ! ,DEAN SAID TO HIM3 0,JOCK1 ,I WI% Y\ W\LD GO & SADDLE MY HORSE & Y\R PONY10 & :ILE ,JOCK WAS GONE ! ,DEAN ATE HIS D9N]1 & :5 ,JOCK BR\<T ! ANIMALS >\ND TO ! DOOR ! ,DEAN WAS READY TO RIDE4 0,WELL1 BUT10 SAID ,JOCK1 0,MA/]1 ,I DIDN'T HAVE MY D9N]40 0,OH10 SAID ! ,DEAN1 0Y\ ATE YE/]DAY1 & ?AT WILL DO = Y\ TO-DAY40 ,WELL1 !Y />T$ RID+ D[N ! ROAD1 & :ILE ,JOCK WAS RID+ AHEAD HE MET A FRI5D1 :O SAID3 0,:]E >E Y\ GO+80 0,WE >E GO+ TO HEAV510 ,JOCK REPLI$4 0,H[ DO Y\ MAKE ?AT \T80 0H10 SAID ,JOCK1 0,I AM FA/+ & MY MA/] IS PRAY+1 & IF ?AT IS NOT ! WAY TO GET TO HEAV5 ,I DON'T KN[ H[ Y\ W\LD GET !RE40 ,WELL1 IT IS ?AT WAY AB\T ,*RI/IANITY & ! JAILS4 ,IT IS ALL EI!R PRAY] OR FA/+ = ! WORK+ CLASS4 7,APPLAUSE47 

,BUT AS ,I SAID TO Y\1 ,I DID NOT 9T5D TO KEEP Y\ H]E LONG4 ,WE HAVE COME H]E TO HOLD A RATIFICATION OV] ! ORGANIZATION ( ! FIR/ 9DU/RIAL MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,= EI<TE5 YE>S ,I HAVE BE5 AGITAT+ ON ?IS ONE P>TICUL> L9E1 ASK+ MY FELL[ LABOR]S TO GET TOGE!R 9 AN ORGANIZATION :I* RECOGNIZ$ REALLY1 NOT JU/ SIMPLY ?R\< WORD ( M\?1 ?AT AN 9JURY TO ONE WAS AN 9JURY TO ALL4 ,!Y HAVE AT LA/ GOT TO ! PLACE :]E !Y RECOGNIZE ?AT4 7,APPLAUSE74 ,& N[1 Y\ :O >E H]E1 ,I ASK Y\ TO RATIFY IT BY GIV+ ?REE GOOD HE>TY *E]S = 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM4 

,! MEET+ !N CLOS$ ) ?REE R\S+ *E]S = ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#h1 #bba 3 ,APP5DIX1 ,P>T #a -- ,ADD$4 

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