,! ,ADVANC+ ,PROLET>IAT 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABN] ,E4 ,WOODRUFF 

,TEXT 3 

   ,9,T,R,O,D,U,C,T,O,R,Y 
   
   

  
   

,! 
OBJECT ( ANY SY/EM ( ,PHILOSOPHY IS TO FURNI% A RATIONAL EXPLANATION 
( ! FACTS ( ! ,UNIV]SE FROM A KN[L$GE ( G5]AL PR9CIPLES 
?AT APPLY TO ! FACTS & EXI/5CE )9 ! ,UNIV]SE2 !RE=E1 
IT IS ! PURPOSE ( ?IS PAMPHLET TO CLE>LY & SIMPLY TRACE ! 
DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,PROLET>IAN ,PSY*OLOGY1 & TO 9DICATE ! 
,EVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( ,PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION 9 ! T]MS ( 
,9DU/RY ON ! BASIS ( ! G5]AL PR9CIPLES ( ! MOD]N ,POSITIVE 
,SCI5TIFIC ,PHILOSOPHY4 
   

,I HAVE TO ?ANK ,MR4 ,AU/9 ,LEWIS & 
O!RS = ! ?\<TS H]E EXPRESS$1 & CAN ONLY HOPE ?AT ,I HAVE 
BE5 ABLE TO ACC5TUATE A FACT ?AT MU/ BE C>EFULLY CONSID]$ BY 
BO? ,SOCIALI/S & ,9DU/RIALI/S 9 DISCUSS+ ! ,PROLET>IAT3 
NAMELY1 ,! ,L,A,W ,( ,E,C,O,N,O,M,I,C ,D,E,T,],M,9,I,S,M4 
   

,A,B,N,] ,E4 ,W,O,O,D,R,U,F,F1 ,C4 ,E4 
  ,! ,ADVANC+ ,PROLET>IAT 
   

  
  ,! ,LAW ( ,EVOLUTION 
   

,AN 
EXAM9ATION ( ! FACTS ( ! ORD]LY ,UNIV]SE ) PRECISION .<LEADS.> 
TO AN UND]/&+ ( ! LAWS ( ?AT ,UNIV]SE1 & IT MAY BE SAID 
?AT !SE LAWS F9D !IR SUPREME EXPRESSION 9 ! ,LAW ( 
,EVOLUTION--! GREAT IMMUTABLE 0LAW ( *ANGE40 ,?IS LAW MAY BE /AT$ 
AS FOLL[S3 ALL ?+S 9 ! UNIV]SE TODAY >E ! RESULTS ( ! 
ACTIONS ( ! =CES ( ! UNIV]SE UPON ! MATT] ( ! UNIV]SE 
APPLI$ ?R\<\T ! EONS ( TIME1 PRODUC+ 9NUM]ABLE *ANGES1 
:I* HAVE F9ALLY DEVELOP$ HI<] & MORE P]MAN5T =MS ( LIFE 
\T ( ?OSE :I* W]E L[] & LESS /ABLE4 ,! PHYSICAL CONDITIONS :I* COMPELL$ *ANGES 9 ANIMAT$ NATURE1 & UND] :I* !Y OCCURR$1 >E USUALLY D5OM9AT$ 0! 5VIRONM5T0--! SURR\ND+ 9FLU5CES4 
   

,*>LES 
,D>W9 & ,ALFR$ ,RUSSELL ,WALLACE >E REG>D$ AS ! CO-DISCOV]]S ( 
?IS GREAT ,LAW ( ,LIFE4 ,!Y NOT ONLY OBS]V$ ! *ANGES 9 ! 
MAT]IAL ,UNIV]SE1 BUT ALSO ! EF=TS ( ANIMAT$ NATURE TO PLACE 
ITSELF 9 H>MONY ) ! PHYSICAL WORLD BY ADJU/+ ITSELF TO !SE 
*ANGES4 ,!SE EF=TS AT ADJU/M5T & READJU/M5T >E N[ T]M$ 
0! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE02 = ANIMAT$ NATURE MU/ CON=M TO ! CONDITIONS ( ! PHYSICAL WORLD 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE4 
,?OSE =MS ( LIFE :I* CON=M ! MO/ SUCCESSFULLY >E REG>D$ AS 
! MO/ ADAPTABLE &1 !RE=E1 ! BE/2 FROM :I* WE HAVE ! 
EXPRESSION 0! SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/0 OR1 0NATURAL SELECTION40 ,9 
O!R WORDS1 ,NATURE SELECT$ !SE =MS AS BE+ ! FITTE/ TO 
SURVIVE4 
  ,MAN A ,PRODUCT ( ,EVOLUTION 
   

,FROM 
A /UDY ( PLANTS & ! L[] =MS ( ANIMALS1 IT IS BUT A /EP TO 
! /UDY ( ! HI<E/ =M--,MAN2 &1 9 A /ATE ( NATURE1 WE F9D 
MAN RESPOND+ UNCONSCI\SLY TO ! LAW ( ,EVOLUTION2 *ANG+ TO 
CORRESPOND TO HIS 5VIRONM5T1 & P]SI/+ 9 ?OSE =MS :I* >E 
9 CLOSE/ H>MONY ) ! REQUIREM5TS ( NATURE4 ,( ALL CREATURES1 
MAN IS PROBABLY ! MO/ COMPLEX1 & ?IS COMPLEXITY WAS HIS MO/ 
BAFFL+ PROBLEM UNTIL ! /ATEM5T ( ! LAW ( EVOLUTION ) ITS 
COROLL>IES1 0! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE0 & 0! SURVIVAL ( ! 
FITTE/40 ,H]E WAS A BASIS ON :I* TO CONDUCT ! MO/ RIGID 
EXAM9ATION &1 FROM ! GA!R$ FACTS1 CON/RUCT A DEF9ITE1 A 
POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY4 ,AN?ROPOLOGY BECAME AT ONCE AN 9TIMATE & 
P>TICUL> BRAN* ( ,BIOLOGY4 ,MAN COMM5C$ TO BE /UDI$ FROM ! 
VIEWPO9T ( HIS PLACE 9 NATURE1 & HIS DIFF]5TIATION FROM ! 
O!R ANIMALS BEGAN TO BE F]RET$ \T4 ,MAN PICK$ HIMSELF TO PIECES1 
/UDI$ HIS [N P>TS & DECID$ ON ! LAWS ( HIS BE+4 ,FROM ! 
FACTS1 & BY REASONABLE ANALOGIES1 HIS HI/ORY1 FROM ! DAY HIS 
>BOREAL ANCE/OR SWUNG D[N FROM ! TREES & WALK$ UPRI<T ON ! 
GR\ND1 WAS CON/RUCT$1 & =MS A RECORD1 SO SIMPLE1 SO RATIONAL1 SO 
DECISIVE1 ?AT FEW >E N[ LEFT TO QUE/ION IT4 
   

,MAN'S PHYSICAL 
/RUCTURE IS A RESULT1 TRACEABLE TO DEF9ITE & KN[N CAUSES1 & ! 
LAWS ( HIS BE+ >E CODIFI$4 ,HIS BRA91 ) ITS P[]S ( 
OBS]VATION1 ASSOCIATION1 CO-ORD9ATION & DET]M9ATION1 IS NO LONG] 
A MY/]I\S ?+--! GIFT ( AN EQUALLY MY/]I\S & BAFFL+ 
0FIR/ CAUSE0--BUT A DEVELOPM5T ( ! SP9AL M>R[1 ! CULM9ATION 
( AN 9F9ITE S]IES ( *ANGES & ADJU/M5TS TO 5VIRONM5T TAK+ 
PLACE ?R\< ! AGES DUR+ :I* ! ,E>? HAS BE5 ! SEAT ( 
LIFE4 ,MAN1 9 BO? BODY & BRA91 IS !RE=E A CREATURE ( 
5VIRONM5T1 EVOLV$ \T ( ! ,COSMOS4 ,! FL[] ( ! ,COSMOS1 YET 
SUBJECT TO ! ,COSMOS1 HIS P>TICUL> DIFF]5TIATION FROM ! O!R 
ANIMALS LIES 9 ! COMPLEXITY & REF9EM5T ( HIS N]V\S 
ORGANIZATION1 & ! CONSEQU5T CLOSE CO-ORD9ATION ( HIS MUSCUL> 
& M5TAL REACTIONS4 ,YET1 BASICALLY1 HE IS NO DIFF]5T =1 EV5 9 
HIS M5TAL PROCESSES1 HE IS MOLD$ & =M$ BY ! 9FLU5CES ( ! 
?+S >\ND HIM4 
  ,! ,M9D--,A ,RESULT 
   

,JOSEPH ,DIETZG51 9 HIS ,PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS1 HAS DEMON/RAT$ ! FACT ?AT ALL ( MAN'S IDEAS COME FROM ! \TSIDE--?AT NO ?\<T EV] SPRANG SPONTANE\S 9 ! HUMAN BRA94 ,9 O!R WORDS--HUMAN ?\<TS1 HUMAN IDEAS1 SPR+ FROM HUMAN CONTACTS & EXP]I5CES ) ! PHYSICAL UNIV]SE AB\T US4 
,MAN'S ABILITY TO ?9K--HIS CONSCI\SNESS--! ?+ WE CALL ! 
0,EGO0--! M9D--IS A NATURAL DEVELOPM5T ?R\< ! ORD]LY OP]ATION 
( ! LAWS ( ! ,UNIV]SE1 &1 AS SU*1 IT MAY BE /UDI$1 ANALIZ$ 
& CLASSIFI$4 ,! SCI5CE ( ,PSY*OLOGY TAKES ITS PLACE NATURALLY AS 
P>T ( ! L>G] & MORE EXT5D$ SCI5CES ( ,BIOLOGY & 
,AN?ROPOLOGY4 
   

,H]E !N IS A BASIS = ! /UDY ( ! 
ACTIONS ( M54 ,:IM & CAPRICE DISAPPE>1 & ! LAWS ( CAUSE & 
EFFECT >E SE5 OP]AT+ 9 AN ORD]LY & RATIONAL SEQU5CE4 ,! 
9DIVIDUAL TAKES HIS PLACE AS A RESULTANT ( ! EXP]I5CES ( HIS 
=EBE>S & HIS [N CONTACTS ) ! WORLD >\ND HIM4 ,HIS 
5VIRONM5T & ! HI/ORY ( HIS RACE HAVE MADE HIM :AT HE IS4 
,KN[+ ! 9TIMATE HI/ORY ( ANY MAN1 & ) A GIV5 HUMAN 
SITUATION1 WE MAY CONFID5TLY PR$ICT :AT HIS ACTIONS WILL BE4 
  ,! ,COMMON ,M9D 
   

,BUT 
MAN IS A GREG>I\S CREATURE4 ,HE H]DS ) HIS K9D 9 SOCIAL 
ORGANIZATIONS1 & HIS HI/ORY IS NOT COMPLETE )\T AN EXAM9ATION 
( ! RELATIONS :I* M5 SU/A9 T[>D EA* O!R4 ,IMM$IATELY \R 
/UDIES >E %IFT$ FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL TO ! RACE4 ,! SCI5CES ( 
,E?NOGRAPHY1 ,E?NOLOGY1 ,AN?ROPOGRAPHY1 ,GLOSSOLOGY1 ,TE*NOLOGY1 
,HI/ORY1 ,>*AEOLOGY1 ,SOCIOLOGY & ,ECONOMICS >E OP5$ UP TO US4 
,?R\< !M ALL RUNS ?AT WOND]FUL LAW ( HUMAN DEVELOPM5T--! ,LAW 
( ,EVOLUTION4 ,?R\< !M ALL WE >E CONT9UALLY BR\<T R\ND TO ! 
DICTUM ( ,DIETZG51 ?AT 0HUMAN ?\<TS & IDEAS SPR+ FROM HUMAN 
EXP]I5CES40 
   

,SIMIL> EXP]I5CES BEGET SIMIL> IDEAS4 
,! AV]AGE ( ! EXP]I5CES ( A COMMUNITY1 OR A CLASS1 A NATION1 OR 
A RACE1 BEGETS ! C5TRAL IDEA ( ?AT COMMUNITY1 OR CLASS1 OR NATION1 
OR RACE2 !RE=E1 9 ATTEMPT+ TO EXPLA9 ! T5D5CY ( ANY SU* 
COMMUNITY1 CLASS1 NATION1 OR RACE TO GYRATE AB\T SOME C5TRAL IDEA1 OR 
CONC]T$LY MOVE T[>DS SOME DEF9ITE GOAL1 WE MU/ DISCOV] ?OSE 
SIMIL>ITIES ( EXP]I5CE :I* FURNI% ! COMMON GR\ND = 
SIMIL>ITY ( ?\<T & UNITY ( ACTION4 
  ,ECONOMIC ,DET]M9ISM 
   

,HI/ORY 
FURNI%ES US ) MANY 9/ANCES ( GREAT POPUL> & CLASS MOVEM5TS1 
BUT IT WAS NOT UNTIL ,M>X 5UNCIAT$ ! ,LAW ( ,ECONOMIC ,DET]M9ISM1 
?AT A RATIONAL BASIS = ! 9T]PRETATION ( !SE EV5TS WAS 
SECUR$4 ,9 HIS RESE>*ES 9TO HI/ORY1 HE OBS]V$ C]TA9 CLASSES ( 
M5 ALWAYS /&+ TOGE!R--ALWAYS APPE>+ UPON ! SAME SIDE ( ! 
GREAT HI/ORICAL >GUM5TS--&1 UPON A C>EFUL ANALYSIS1 HE PROMULGAT$ 
?IS LAW1 ?AT ! ?\<TS & ACTIONS ( M5 >E DET]M9$ BY ! MANN] 9 :I* !Y OBTA9 !IR LIV+4 
,! SAME BE+ ONLY ANO!R WAY ( /AT+ ! EVOLUTION>Y TRU?S1 
?AT MAN IS A PRODUCT ( HIS 5VIRONM5T2 & ?AT HIS ?\<TS & 
IDEAS >E G5]AT$ BY HIS CONTACTS & EXP]I5CES ) ! WORLD 
>\ND HIM4 
  ,MAT]IALI/ ,CONCEPTION ( ,HI/ORY 
   

,C>RI$ 
OV] 9TO ! FIELD ( ,HI/ORICAL ,ECONOMICS & APPLI$ TO ! ,SCI5CE 
( ,SOCIOLOGY ?IS LAW IS TRANSLAT$ 9TO ! ,!ORY ( ! ,MAT]IALI/ 
,CONCEPTION ( ,HI/ORY :I* DECL>ES ?AT ALL ! SOCIAL PH5OM5A 
9 ANY HI/ORICAL EPO* MAY BE EXPLA9$ UPON ! BASIS ( ! ME?OD 
( WEAL? PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE EXI/+ AT ?AT TIME4 
,IMM$IATELY ,HI/ORY CEASES TO BE A M]E RECORD ( ! A*IEVEM5TS ( 
9DIVIDUALS4 ,9/EAD1 IT BECOMES A MOV+ PANORAMA ( ! PROGRESS ( 
! RACE AS DEPICT$ 9 ! /RUGGLES = SUPREMACY ( ! V>I\S 
CLASSES ?AT HAVE SUCCESSIVELY DOM9AT$ SOCIETY4 ,FUNDAM5TAL CAUSES 
>E SE5 AT WORK1 CONT9U\SLY & ME?ODICALLY %AP+ ! TR5D ( 
EV5TS4 ,ALL ! APP>5TLY DISJO9T$ & UNRELAT$ FACTS M>%AL 
!MSELVES 9TO ORD]LY >RAY1 & TAKE !IR PLACES AS GUIDE BO>DS 
ALONG ! HI< ROAD ( HI/ORY4 ,! FALL ( ,BABYLON1 ! ,ROMAN 9VASION 
( ,GAUL1 EV5 ! ,M$IEVAL ,CRUSADES1 >E REASONABLY & FULLY EXPLA9$4 
   

,! 
PREEM95T FACT ( ,HI/ORY1 FROM ! VIEWPO9T ( ,ECONOMICS & 
,SOCIOLOGY1 IS ! 9/ITUTION ( ,PRIVATE ,PROP]TY4 ,UPON IT ,M>X 
PR$ICAT$ ! DIS-E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,COMMUNAL ,TRIBES & ! RISE ( 
! ,NATIONS1 ) ! DIVISION ( ! PEOPLE 9TO CLASSES 9 ! T]MS 
( WEAL? & P[]--! SEP>ATION ( SOCIETY 9TO OPPOS+ CAMPS--:I* 
C>RY ON A CONT9U\S W>F>E AMONG !MSELVES4 ,A W>F>E :I* HE WAS 
PLEAS$ TO CALL 0! CLASS /RUGGLE40 ,& 9 EA* CIVILIZATION WE F9D 
A DOM9ANT CLASS IMPOS+ ITS WILL UPON ! BALANCE ( SOCIETY & 
MA9TA9+ ! BASIC ME?OD ( WEAL? PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION ( 
?AT TIME4 ,ALL ! LAWS1 ! RELIGION1 ! $UCATIONAL SY/EM OR LACK 
( $UCATIONAL SY/EM W]E DESIGN$ TO RETA9 ?AT CLASS 9 ITS 
POSITION ( P[] & PRIVILEGE4 ,9T]NAL PEACE DEP5D$ UPON ! 
RELATIVE DEGREES ( ACQUIESC5CE 9 ! G5]AL S*EME MANIFE/$ BY 
! SECOND>Y & SUBJECT CLASSES1 & !IR ABILITY TO WRE/ 
CONCESSIONS FROM ! DOM9ANT CLASS BY A DISPLAY ( !IR ORGANIZ$ 
/R5G?4 
  ,SUCCESSIVE ,RUL+ ,CLASSES 
   

,IT 
IS *>ACT]I/IC ( ALL CIVILIZATION BAS$ ON ,PRIVATE ,PROP]TY & 
,CLASS ,PRIVILEGE1 ?AT A SECOND>Y OR SUBJECT CLASS DEVELOP$ )9 
EA* SOCIETY & EV5TUALLY DISPLAC$ ! DOM9ANT CLASS4 ,! NEW 
DOM9ANT CLASS W>P$ ! OLD 9/ITUTIONS TO ITS [N PURPOSES1 
9TRODUC$ A NEW ME?OD ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE1 IMPOS$ ITS WILL 
UPON ! BALANCE ( SOCIETY & !REBY E/ABLI%$ A NEW CIVILIZATION4 
,! ,*ATTEL ,SLAVE ,SY/EM ( ,ROMAN ,PATRICIATE GAVE WAY TO ,S]F ,SY/EM ( 
! ,FEUDAL ,LORDS4 ,FEUDALISM DISAPPE>$ BE=E ,CAPITALISM ) ITS ,WAGE 
,SLAVE ,SY/EM ( FACTORY & MA*9E PRODUCTION4 ,! LESS] ,CAPITALISM 
N[ MOVES ASIDE = ,PLUTOCRACY ) ITS HI<LY C5TRALIZ$ =M ( 
,CORPORATE ,[N]%IP & ,9DU/RIAL ,CONTROL1 & WE SEEM AB\T TO 5T] 
UPON A NEW ]A--! AGE ( ,9DU/RIAL ,FEUDALISM4 
   

,! ,*ATTEL 
,SLAVE1 WORK+ ) ! SIMPLE/ ( H& TOOLS1 PRODUC$ PRACTICALLY 
ALL ! WEAL? ( ! ,ROMAN WORLD4 ,UPON HIS LABOR WAS BUILT ! P[]1 
LUXURY & CULTURE ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES2 & SO ESS5TIAL WAS ?IS 
K9D ( LABOR TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CIVILIZATION ?AT WE F9D ! 
,ROMANS WAG+ W>S ( CONQUE/ = ! SPECIAL PURPOSES ( PROCUR+ 
IT4 ,CES>'S 9VASION ( ,GAUL APP>5TLY HAD NO O!R OBJECT ?AN ! 
CAPTURE ( SLAVES = ! ,ROMAN %OPS & FIELDS4 
   

,! DRY+ 
UP ( ,WE/]N ,ASIA =C$ ! GREAT MIGRATION ( ! ,COMMUNAL ,TRIBES1 
& ! TRIBESM51 DESC5D+ 9 HORDES UPON ! ,ROMAN L&S1 BR\<T 
) !M 9/ITUTIONS & CU/OMS ?AT W]E TOTALLY REPUGNANT TO ! 
,ROMAN SY/EM4 ,= SEV]AL HUNDR$ YE>S ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 !M 
PROCE$$ ) V>Y+ DEGREES ( FI]C5ESS1 & F9ALLY 5D$ 9 A 
CONDITION BORD]+ ON SOCIAL & 9DU/RIAL *AOS4 ,\T ( ?IS 
CATA/ROPHE >OSE ! ,FEUDAL ,SY/EM1 :I* WAS A COMPROMISE--A P>TIAL 
MALGAMATION ( ,ROMAN & ,TRIBAL CU/OMS & 9/ITUTIONS4 ,ITS 
DI/+UI%+ FEATURE WAS ! TRANSLATION ( OBLIGATIONS [$ TO ! 
NATION OR TRIBE 9TO ! OBLIGATIONS [$ TO P]SONS1 & R5D]$ AS A 
PAYM5T ( R5T = ! USE ( L&4 ,! ,ROMAN SLAVES & COLONI1 & 
! ,TRIBAL FREEM5 W]E HELD AS S]FS & W]E B\ND TO ! SOIL4 
,5=C$ LABOR UPON ! L& OR ! %OPS ATTA*$ TO ! CA/LE ( ! 
,FEUDAL ,LORD WAS ! *IEF ME?OD ( WEAL? PRODUCTION--! S]F 
PRODUC+ A C]TA9 PORTION = HIS MA/] ?AT HE MI<T PRODUCE 
ANO!R PORTION = HIMSELF4 
   

,TWO CLASSES AMONG ! ,ROMANS W]E 
CONT9U$ ALMO/ 9TACT 9TO ,FEUDALISM1 & APP>5TLY W]E /RONG 
5\< OR NECESS>Y 5\< TO PRES]VE A GREAT MEASURE ( !IR ANCI5T 
RI<TS & PRIVILEGES4 ,!SE W]E ! CLASSES ( M]*ANTS & 
H&ICRAFTSM5 KN[N AS ! ,GUILDS ,M]*ANT & ,CRAFT ,GUILDS4 
,!Y C>RI$ ON A C]TA9 PORTION ( PRODUCTION = USE ( !IR TIME1 
& CONDUCT$ 9 A GREAT MEASURE ! SY/EM ( EX*ANGE !N EXI/+4 
,AS !Y GREW /RONG]1 !Y ]ECT$ CITIES ( !IR [N = ! 
PURPOSES ( DEF5SE1 MANUFACTURE & TRADE2 & FIFTY-SEV5 ( !SE 
CITIES1 OR 0B\RGS10 KN[N AS ! ,HANSEATIC ,LEAGUE1 
MA9TA9$ A GOV]NM5T :I* WAS SUFFICI5TLY P[]FUL TO 5GAGE 9 
W> & DICTATE T]MS ( PEACE TO ! LOOSELY ORGANIZ$ ,FEUDAL ,/ATES 
& ,NATIONS R\ND AB\T !M4 
   

,! 9TRODUCTION ( ! FACTORY 
SY/EM ( PRODUCTION 9TO !SE CITIES1 ) ! ATT5DANT SUBDIVISION 
( LABOR 9 ! %OP1 BROKE UP ! CRAFT GUILDS & 9TRODUC$ A NEW 
ELEM5T 9TO PRODUCTION--! FACTORY [N]S1 OR MANUFACTUR]S--& \T ( 
!SE & ! M]*ANT CLASS W]E DEVELOP$ ! ,CAPITALI/S4 ,VIGOR\S1 
RES\RCEFUL & MILITANT1 !SE L$ ! ATTACK UPON ,FEUDALISM & 
CALL$ TO !IR BANN]S ALL ! OPPRESS$ & DISSATISFI$ 9 ! O!R 
CLASSES4 ,PRAT+ ( 0HUMAN RI<TS0 & SCREAM+ = 0FRE$OM10 !Y 
SEIZ$ ! ANCI5T 9/ITUTIONS & EI!R DE/ROY$ !M1 OR W>P$ 
!M TO PURPOSES ( !IR [N4 ,EV]Y?+ BECAME CONV]T$ 9TO T]MS 
( CA%4 ,MONEY PAYM5TS SETTL$ EV]Y HUMAN OBLIGATION4 ,EV5 ! 
AGONIES ( 9JUR$ HONOR MI<T BE ASSUAG$ 9 T]MS ( GOLD4 
   

,! 
BREAK+ UP ( ! ,FEUDAL RELATIONS *ANG$ ! ME?OD ( L& T5URE4 
,MANY ( ! S]FS BECAME PEASANT PROPRIETORS1 :ILE O!RS W]E 
TRANS=M$ 9TO M]E F>M LABOR]S1 OR DRIFT$ 9TO ! FACTORY T[NS4 
,! H&ICRAFTSM5 ?RONG$ ! FACTORIES & UND] ! NEW 0DIV9E0 
787 RI<T ( CONTRACT1 SOLD !IR LABOR P[] AT :ATEV] PRICE ! 
,CAPITALI/S *OSE TO PAY = IT4 ,PROP]TY 9 ! L&S & TOOLS ( 
PRODUCTION /ILL CONT9U$4 ,! ,WAGES ,SY/EM WAS1 9 ESS5CE1 ANO!R 
=M ( S]VITUDE1 & FI]CELY AGGRAVAT$ BY ! FACT ?AT ! PAYM5T 
( ! /IPULAT$ WAGE CANCEL$ ALL ! OBLIGATIONS BETWE5 ! MAN 
& HIS MA/]4 ,! FRE$OM SO L\DLY PROCLAIM$ WAS1 = ! WORK]S1 
M]ELY A FRE$OM TO *ANGE FROM A BAD MA/] TO A WORSE ONE1 OR AT ! 
WOR/ TO />VE4 ,REALIZATION ( PR(ITS WAS ! SOLE 
CONSID]ATION = CONT9U+ PRODUCTION4 ,:5 PR(ITS CEAS$1 9DU/RY 
CEAS$1 OR ! SCALE ( WAGES W5T D[N UNTIL !RE WAS A SUFFICI5T 
M>G9 ( SURPLUS VALUE TO 9DUCE ! PROPRIETOR TO AGA9 OP5 ! 
FACTORY DOORS4 
  ,SLAVE1 ,S]F & ,LABOR] 
   

,! 
,*ATTEL ,SLAVE & ,FEUDAL ,S]F W]E1 ECONOMICALLY1 MORE SECURE ?AN ! 
,WAGE ,E>N]4 ,!Y W]E NEV] D5I$ ! PRIVILEGE ( PRODUC+ = USE4 
,! MORE !Y LABOR$1 ! MORE P[]FUL & LUXURI\S !IR MA/]S 
BECAME4 ,BUT ! ,WAGE ,SLAVE MAY BE D5I$ ! RI<T TO PRODUCE4 ,HE MAY 
BE EXCLUD$ FROM ! L&S1 TOOLS & MA*9]Y ( PRODUCTION2 & ! 
MORE PRODUCTIVE HE IS1 ! MORE LIKELY IS ?IS FATE TO OV]TAKE HIM2 
= N[ HE PRODUCES TO SELL1 & IF PRODUCTION PASSES ! PUR*AS+ 
P[] ( SOCIETY1 PRODUCTION MU/ CEASE UNTIL ! RELATIVE POSITIONS ( 
! SUPPLY & DEM& MAY BE NATURALLY REV]S$ & PUR*AS+ BEG9 
AGA94 ,9 FACT1 IT MAY EV5 OCCUR ?AT ! MA/] CLASS IS =C$ TO 
FE$1 CLO! & %ELT] A PORTION ( ! WORK]S 9 ORD] TO HELP 
R$UCE ! SURPLUS & TIDE OV] ! WORK]S TO SU* TIME AS PRODUCTION 
= SALE CAN BE PR(ITABLY RESUM$4 
  ,LABOR-P[] A ,COMMODITY 
   

,FREE 
TRADE--FREE COMPETITION 9 BUY+ & SELL+ COMMODITIES--IS ! BASIC 
PR9CIPLE ( ! ,CAPITALI/ SY/EM ( EX*ANGE ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 & 
IT IS BUT NATURAL ?AT ! LABOR-P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASS %\LD ALSO 
BE REG>D$ AS A COMMODITY4 ,9 FACT1 IT IS 9EVITABLE ?AT1 UND] A 
SY/EM ( PRODUCTION = PR(IT1 LABOR-P[] %\LD TAKE ON 
SU* A *>ACT] & ?AT IT %\LD BE B\<T & SOLD 9 ! OP5 
M>KET ACCORD+ TO ! LAW ( SUPPLY & DEM& ( COMMODITIES4 ,NOR IS 
IT SURPRIS+ ?AT 9 A COMPETITIVE M>KET1 :]E ! SELL] ) ! 
GREATE/ NECESSITY = CA% FIXES ! M>KET PRICE1 ! PRICE ( 
LABOR-P[] %\LD ALWAYS T5D TO S9K TO ! LEVEL ( A B>E 
SUBSI/ANCE = ! WORK]S2 & ?AT ?OSE WORK]S ) ! ABILITY TO 
EXI/ AT ! L[E/ /&>D ( LIV+ %\LD DICTATE ! T]MS ON 
:I* ! O!RS MAY ALSO CONT9UE TO EXI/4 ,! :OLE T5D5CY ( ! 
WAGE SY/EM HAS BE5 TO DRAG ALL ! WORK]S D[N TO ! SAME DEAD 
LEVEL ( POV]TY4 ,! FACT ?AT A C]TA9 PORTION ( !M /ILL MANAGE 
TO MA9TA9 A COMP>ATIVELY DEC5T /&>D ( LIV+ IS DUE TO C]TA9 
CONDITIONS :I* ,CAPITALISM HAS NOT AS YET BE5 ABLE TO OV]COME1 & 
NOT TO ANY 9TELLIG5TLY APPLI$ P[]S ( RESI/ANCE 9H]5T 9 ?AT 
PORTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 
  ,! ,SKILL$ ,WORKMAN 
   

,UP 
TO REC5T TIMES ! SPECIALIZ$ SKILL ( ! CRAFTSMAN PROTECT$ HIM 9 
A L>GE MEASURE AGA9/ MAT]IAL R$UCTIONS 9 HIS /&>D ( LIV+1 
& AS HE REG>D$ HIS SKILL AS A PROP]TY1 HE NATURALLY 
ACCEPT$ ! CAPITALI/ PROP]TY NOTIONS & ATTEMPT$ TO APPLY !M TO 
! CRAFTS4 ,HIS ,CRAFT WAS HIS CAPITAL--! MEANS ( HIS LIFE--& ANY 
RAISE 9 ITS POSITION B5EFIT$ HIM4 ,ANY?+ ?AT ?REAT5$ ! 
EXI/5CE ( HIS SKILL1 OR HIS EXCLUSIVE POSSESSION ( ?AT SKILL1 
?REAT5$ HIM4 ,!RE=E HE JO9$ HIS FELL[S 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( 
,CRAFT ,UNIONS = ! PURPOSE ( PRES]V+ ! CRAFTS & MA9TA9+ 
! /&>D ( LIV+ ( ! ,CRAFTSMAN4 ,HE HAD A PROP]TY--A 
COMMODITY--TO BE B\<T & SOLD 9 ! M>KET1 & ?R\< HIS UNION HE 
FELT HIMSELF ABLE TO CONTROL ! SUPPLY ( ?AT COMMODITY & !REBY 
AFFECT ! M>KET TO HIS [N ADVANTAGE4 ,HE RESI/$ ! 5CROA*M5T ( 
! MA*9E UPON ! H& TOOL2 HE S\<T TO LIMIT ! NUMB]S ( ?OSE 
POSSESS+ SKILL2 & HE 5DEAVOR$ TO SET A SL[ /&>D ( 
PRODUCTION AMONG ! CRAFTSM54 ,CONTRACTS1 CLOS$ %OPS1 LIMIT$ 
APPR5TICE%IPS1 HI< 9ITIATION FEES & DUES1 & ON]\S CONDITIONS 
( MEMB]%IP W]E A NATURAL RESULT ( HIS PROP]TY IDEAS--! SUPPLY ( 
HIS COMMODITY MU/ BE LIMIT$1 9 ORD] TO BOO/ ! PRICE4 ,WORK+ 
) TOOLS ?AT MOV$ ONLY AS HE APPLI$ HIS [N SKILL & /R5G? TO 
!M1 & TURN+ \T A PRODUCT ?AT C\LD BE ID5TIFI$ AS ! RESULT 
( ! LABOR ( AN 9DIVIDUAL1 HE ?\<T /RICTLY 9 9DIVIDUAL T]MS4 
,HIS CRAFT WAS SUPREME1 BECAUSE ALL-NECESS>Y TO HIS 9DIVIDUAL 
EXI/5CE1 & SO EXTREME WAS ?IS 9DIVIDUAL VIEWPO9T ?AT IT WAS 
ONLY :5 JURISDICTIONAL QU>RELS BETWE5 ! RELAT$ CRAFTS HAD BECOME 
UNBE>ABLE1 ?AT A F$]ATION ( ! CRAFT UNIONS WAS POSSIBLE4 
   

,! 
CRAFTSMAN HAD NO?+ TO DO ) ! UNSKILL$4 ,HE LOOK$ UPON !M AS 
9F]IOR BE+S1 & ?\< !IR CONDITION MI<T S9K TO ! L[E/1 
HE WAS NOT SUFFICI5TLY 9T]E/$ 9 !M TO FEEL EI!R SYMPA?Y OR 
REGRET--!Y MU/ LOOK \T = !MSELVES AS HE DID = HIMSELF4 0,IT IS 
! MIS=TUNE ( ! CRAFTSMAN1 ?AT1 HAV+ BE5 COMPELL$ TO OP]ATE 
9 T]MS ( PROP]TY1 ! GREAT HUMAN MOVEM5T HAS BE5 LO/ 
UPON HIM40 ,HIS DREAD HAS ALWAYS BE5 ?AT HE MI<T BECOME 0AS ONE ( 
!SE10 = NO MATT] H[ GREAT HIS SKILL1 OR H[ CLOSE-KNIT HIS 
BRO!RHOOD1 CAPITALISM1 ?R\< MA*9E PRODUCTION1 CONT9UALLY 
?REAT5$ ! SECURITY ( HIS POSITION4 ,ANY ECONOMIC SY/EM BUILT UPON 
! RI<TS ( PROP]TY IS A CONFISCATORY SY/EM1 & 
LITTLE PROP]TY DISAPPE>S BE=E A BIG PROP]TY4 ,! PROP]TY ( ! 
CRAFTSMAN--HIS SKILL--T5DS TO EVAPORATE4 ,A NEW ME*ANICAL DEVICE1 A 
NEWLY DISCOV]$ *EMICAL PROCESS1 OR A NEW COMB9ATION ( 9DU/RIAL 
=CES MAY SCATT] ?AT SKILL AMONG ! 9S5SATE MA*9ES1 OR 
ABSOLUTELY DISPLACE IT4 0,! :OLE T5D5CY ( SKILL IS AWAY FROM ! 
9DIVIDUAL & 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! GR\P0 :]E1 ?R\< ! AG5CY 
( ! MA*9E1 IT TRANSLATES ITSELF 9TO M]E QUICKNESS ( ACTION 
C\PL$ ) A MILD =M ( MANUAL DEXT]ITY4 
   

,/RIPP$ ( HIS PROP]TY 
! 0>I/OCRAT ( LABOR0 S9KS TO ! LEVEL ( ! COMMON H]D4 ,! 
MA*9E PROCESS ( PRODUCTION RACKS ! /RUCTURE ( ,CRAFT ,UNIONISM4 
,BUILT UPON ! BASIS ( A TRANSITORY PROP]TY1 IT CANNOT )/& ! 
AGGRESSIONS ( ! VA/LY SUP]IOR PROP]TY ( ! ,9DU/RIAL 
,PLUTOCRACY4 ,H[EV]1 ! CRAFT UNION NOTION1 LIKE MANY O!RS1 DIES 
H>D1 & WE SEE ! SURVIV+ CRAFTSM5 ATTEMPT+ TO =TIFY 
!MSELVES BY ORGANIZ+ ! MA*9E OP]ATIVES 9 ! T]MS ( ! 
CRAFTS4 ,SU* ORGANIZATIONS CANNOT BE P]MAN5T = ! PROP]TY IDEA IS UNT5ABLE AMONG MA*9E WORK]S4 ,! V]Y S\L ( PRIVATE PROP]TY IS ITS ACCOMPANY+ RI<T ( EXCLUSION2 
& EXCLUSION CANNOT BE PRACTIC$ AT ! MA*9E--ANY ONE CAN FUNCTION 
!RE4 ,A FEW WEEKS ( EXP]I5CE MAKES A MA*9E OP]ATOR ( ! COMMON 
LABOR]2 & FUR!RMORE1 SCI5TIFIC MANAGEM5T & ! SPE$+-UP PROCESSES DE/ROY 9DIVIDUALITY4 
,! LOSS ( 9DIVIDUALITY DE/ROYS ALL NOTIONS ( PROP]TY--CUTS ! 
LA/ ?READ ?AT B9DS ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK] TO ! PRES5T 
SY/EM4 
   

,CRAFT UNIONISM CANNOT SURVIVE4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( 
9DU/RY--! P]FECTION ( ! MA*9E PROCESSES--HAS DOOM$ IT4 ,TO ! 
MA*9E OP]ATIVE1 IT IS AN ANA*RONISM--A ?+ \T ( DATE4 
   

,! 
ANCI5T SLAVE & S]F CLASSES W]E NOT ESS5TIALLY REVOLUTION>Y1 & 
IF !Y HAD BE5 !IR IGNORANCE & ISOLATION WAS SUFFICI5T TO 
PREV5T ANY CONC]T$ ACTION4 ,M]E PHYSICAL REVOLUTION AGA9/ AN 
IRKSOME 5VIRONM5T CANNOT BE CALL$ A REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT1 & :ILE 
! SLAVES & S]FS 9DULG$ 9 REBELLIONS1 !Y W]E USUALLY PLANLESS 
& CONTA9$ NO G]M ( A CON/RUCTIVE NATURE4 ,AT ! MO/1 SOME 
MEASURE ( P>TICIPATION 9 ! B5EFITS ( ! EXI/+ SY/EM WAS ALL 
!Y S\<T4 ,!RE WAS NO IDEA ( ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A NEW ORD] ( 
SOCIETY1 :I* %\LD PROMOTE A GREAT] DIFFUSION ( CULTURE1 & 
!REBY CREATE A BETT] & NOBL] RACE4 ,SUCCESS UPON !IR P>T W\LD 
HAVE MEANT ONLY SOCIAL *AOS & A RECESSION 9 ! SCALE ( 
CIVILIZATION4 
   

,LET US N[ EXAM9E ! MOD]N LABOR]S & 
MA*9E OP]ATIVES 9 ?IS CONNECTION & 5DEAVOR TO >RIVE AT AN 
UND]/&+ ( !IR *>ACT]I/IC PSY*OLOGY1 AS D]IV$ FROM ! 
COMMON EXP]I5CE ( !IR CLASS4 
   

   ,! ,PROLET>IAT 
   
   

,UNSKILL$ 
LABOR]S & NON-SPECIALIZ$ MA*9E OP]ATIVES >E N[ USUALLY 
D5OM9AT$ 0,PROLET>IANS10 & BY 0! PROLET>IAT0 WE MEAN A 
CLASS ( LABOR]S1 POSSESS+ NEI!R PROP]TY NOR SPECIALIZ$ SKILL1 
:O SELL !IR LABOR-P[] 9 ! OP5 M>KET TO ! HI<E/ BIDD]1 
& >E ABLE TO SELL ?AT P[] ONLY SO LONG AS IT WILL PRODUCE A 
PR(IT = ! PUR*AS]4 ,! ,PROLET>IAT IS ! SUBJECT CLASS 9 
MOD]N SOCIETY--! SPECIAL HUMAN PRODUCT ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM--&1 
TO OBTA9 ITS VIEW ( LIFE1 WE MU/ KN[ H[ IT OBTA9S ITS LIV+1 
=1 AS WE HAVE SE5 BY ! LAW ( ,ECONOMIC ,DET]M9ISM1 0! ?\<TS 
& ACTIONS ( M5 >E DET]M9$ BY ! MANN] 9 :I* !Y MAKE 
!IR LIV+20 & 0! COMMON EXP]I5CE ( A CLASS CREATES ! 
*>ACT]I/IC M5TAL ATTITUDE ( ?AT CLASS T[>DS ! WORLD 9 :I* 
IT LIVES40 
   

,UND] ! ,GUILD SY/EM1 ! ,J\RNEYMAN WORK$ 9 
! SMALL %OP &1 SO LONG AS HE WAS UNM>RI$1 USUALLY LIV$ 9 ! 
H\SE ( HIS MA/] AS A MEMB] ( ! FAMILY4 ,ALL ! DIFF]5T P>TS 
( ! PROCESS ( MANUFACTURE W]E USUALLY C>RI$ ON 9 ! SAME 
PLACE2 AS1 = 9/ANCE1 ! %OEMAK] WAS A TANN] ALSO4 ,! COMPLET$ 
PRODUCT WAS ! H&IWORK ( ONE MAN--AN 9DIVIDUAL PRODUCTION--& AS 
SU*1 ! WORKMAN MI<T WELL TAKE A L>GE MEASURE ( PRIDE 9 ?IS 
EVID5CE ( HIS PATI5CE1 9DU/RY & SKILL4 ,BUT ! CAPITALI/S 
9TRODUC$ ! FACTORY SY/EM ( PRODUCTION1 & ! J\RNEYMAN1 ?\< 
/ILL WORK+ ) H& TOOLS1 DID ONLY A PORTION ( ! LABOR ON AN 
>TICLE & PASS$ IT ON TO ANO!R TO DO ANO!R PORTION4 ,! 
COMPLET$ PRODUCT WAS ! H&IWORK ( A NUMB] ( M5--A GR\P 
PRODUCTION--& AS SU*1 ! WORKMAN TOOK PRIDE 9 IT ONLY TO ! EXT5T 
?AT HE C\LD TRACE HIS [N LABOR 9 ! COMPLET$ >TICLE4 ,O!RWISE1 
IT WAS A MATT] ( 9DIFF]5CE TO HIM :E!R IT WAS WELL OR POORLY 
MADE4 ,HIS 9T]E/ 9 ! :OLE ?+ CEAS$ :5 HE RECEIV$ HIS 
/IPULAT$ WAGE4 
   

,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! /EAM 5G9E 
/IMULAT$ 9V5TION &1 )9 ! LA/ ONE HUNDR$ YE>S1 MA*9]Y 
HAS SO VA/LY SUPPLANT$ H& LABOR1 ?AT ! AV]AGE PROLET>IAN 
ATT5D+ ! MA*9E TURNS \T A PRODUCT AB\T TW5TY TIMES GREAT] 
?AN ! PRODUCT ( ! OLD-TIME J\RNEYMAN4 ,YET1 ) ALL !SE GREAT 
MOD]N AIDS TO HIS PRODUCTIVITY1 ! AV]AGE PROLET>IAN F9DS HIMSELF 
9 A /ATE ( *RONIC POV]TY MANY REMOVES BEL[ ! J\RNEYMAN4 ,! 
SMALL FACTORY ( ! E>LY CAPITALI/ HAS BECOME ! GREAT 9DU/RIAL 
PLANT ( A GR\P ( ,PLUTOCRATS1 & ! SMALL GR\P ( FAIRLY SKILL$ 
ME*ANICS HAS BECOME A V]ITABLE >MY ( 9DU/RY4 ,:]E =M]LY ! 
9DIVIDUAL T\* MI<T BE SE5 UPON AN >TICLE1 N[ ! RAW MAT]IAL 
PASSES 9 AT ONE 5D ( ! MA*9E & ! F9I%$ PRODUCT P\RS \T 
AT ! O!R4 ,EV]Y?+ IS ?OR\<LY /&>DIZ$ & NO MAN CAN SAY1 
0,I DID ?IS--,I DID ?AT40 ,! 9DIVIDUAL EF=T IS COMPLETELY SWALL[$ 
UP--OBLIT]AT$ 9 ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! WORK]S !MSELVES >E 
GR\P$ ACCORD+ TO !IR PECULI> M5TAL OR PHYSICAL *>ACT]I/ICS 
& GUID$ 9 !IR TASKS BY 0SCI5TIFIC0 BOSSES1 :O PRESCRIBE BY A 
FIX$ RULE EV5 ! MOTIONS ( !IR LIMBS & BODIES4 ,DUR+ ! H\RS 
( !IR LABOR1 !Y >E NO LONG] ?9K+ M51 BUT M]E AUTOMATONS1 
P]=M+ !IR FUNCTIONS ME*ANICALLY & COMPLETELY DOM9AT$ BY ! 
WILL ( ANO!R4 ,BY GR\P EF=T1 OR SCI5TIFIC TEAM WORK AB\T ! MA*9ES1 ! PROLET>IAT E>NS ITS BREAD4 
   

,! 
,PROLET>IANS NECESS>ILY T\* ! WORLD AT ! PO9T ( 
PRODUCTION--!IR V]Y LIVES DEP5D UPON GA9+ ACCESS TO ! MA*9]Y 
& PROCESSES ( PRODUCTION--H5CE !Y ?9K 9 T]MS ( 9DU/RY4 
,GR\P$ AB\T ! MA*9ES !Y SOON COME TO REALIZE ?AT ! BULK ( 
!IR PRODUCT GOES TO ! [N]S ( ! MA*9ES4 ,ANY 9CREASE 9 
PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY DOES NOT R$\ND TO !IR ADVANTAGE1 BUT M]ELY 
MEANS ! DISPLACEM5T ( A PORTION ( !IR NUMB] FROM 9DU/RY & A 
CONSEQU5T EF=T ON ! P>T ( ?OSE SO DISPLAC$ TO RETURN TO ! 
MA*9ES ON ANY T]MS ?AT WILL PREV5T />VATION4 ,! WORK]S YET 
EMPLOY$ VIEW ?IS EV5T ) AL>M BECAUSE !Y F9D !MSELVES 
?REAT5$ FROM TWO DIRECTIONS2 ONE ! ONE H&1 BY A POSSIBLE FUR!R 
IMPROVEM5T ( ! MA*9ES ) ! SUBSEQU5T DISPLACEM5T ( YET 
ANO!R PORTION ( !IR NUMB]S2 &1 ON ! O!R H&1 BY ! 
DISPLACEM5T ( !MSELVES ?R\< ! RETURN TO 9DU/RY ( ?OSE 
PREVI\SLY DISPLAC$1 :OSE /OMA*S HAVE COMPELL$ !M TO AGREE TO 
YIELD UP A GREAT] PORTION ( ! PRODUCT ( TOIL = ! PRIVILEGE ( WORK+4 
,!Y SEE A VICI\S SPIRAL ( DISPLACEM5TS1 ON :I* ! WAGE SCALE 
CON/ANTLY DESC5DS & D[N :I* !Y >E PLUNG$ TO EV] GREAT] 
PHYSICAL EX]TIONS1 TO EV] 9CREAS+ PRIVATIONS1 TO EV] MORE 
REVOLT+ DEGRADATIONS4 
   

,! W> AMONG ! CAPITALI/S 
!MSELVES ?RU/S L>GE NUMB]S ( ! DEFEAT$ 9TO ! RANKS ( ! 
PROLET>IAT2 ! 9V5TION ( NEW PROCESSES & MA*9ES DEPRIVES :OLE 
SECTIONS ( ! CRAFTSM5 ( !IR SKILL2 /&>DIZATION & IMPROV$ 
ME?ODS ( ACC\NTANCY & MANAGEM5T DUMP NUM]\S 9TELLECTUAL 
WORK]S 9TO ! LIMBO ( ! UNSKILL$4 ,ALL ( :I* MEANS A 
CORRESPOND+ 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB]S ( ! ABSOLUTELY DISLOCAT$--! 
0>MY ( ! UNEMPLOY$40 ,MA*9E PRODUCTION1 ! GREAT LEVEL+ 
9FLU5CE ( ! AGE1 LOOMS FI]CE & GAUNT4 ,IT IS MA/] & DECIDES 
ALL ?+S = ALL M54 
   

,PROP]TY--EI!R MAT]IAL1 OR 9 ! 
=M ( A SPECIALIZ$ SKILL--HAS CEAS$ TO EXI/ = ! ,PROLET>IAN2 
ACCESS TO ! MA*9E IS ! SOLE BASIS ( HIS LIFE2 & FOLL[+ ! 
LOSS ( ! PROP]TY IDEA COMES A COMPLETE REVOLUTION 9 ! M5TAL 
ATTITUDE ( ! WORK]4 ,MAN BECOMES ! DOM9ANT FACTOR & ALL 
HIS PROBLEMS >E AGA9 TRANSLAT$ 9 T]MS ( ,HUMAN ,RI<TS4 ,HE D5IES 
! RI<T ( ! MA*9E OR ! [N] ( ! MA*9E TO LONG] HOLD HIM 
9 SUBJECTION4 ,HE SEEKS A WAY TO SEIZE ! MEANS :]EBY HE LIVES & 
TURN IT TO HIS [N USE & PURPOSES4 ,HE ?9KS 9 ! T]MS ( A CLASS1 
= HE N[ REALIZES HIS CLASS POSITION & KN[S ?AT ONLY AS SU* CAN 
HE HOPE TO SURVIVE4 ,HE F9DS ?AT HE MU/ ATTACK ! /RUCTURE ( A 
SOCIETY BAS$ ON PRIVATE PROP]TY & HIS PO9T ( ATTACK IS AT ! 
PO9T ( PRODUCTION1 ! PO9T :]E HE DAILY MEETS HIS 5EMY4 ,HIS 
:OLE ATTITUDE IS ONE ( OPPOSITION--OPPOSITION TO ! PROP]TY ( ! 
MA/] CLASS--AN ATTITUDE UTT]LY SUBV]SIVE ( ALL MOD]N E?ICS1 
MORALS1 RELIGIONS & LAWS1 AN UTT]LY ,REVOLUTION>Y ATTITUDE4 
   

0,! PROLET>IAN IS A REVOLUTIONI/ BECAUSE HE IS A PROLET>IAN0 
&1 9 ORD] TO SECURE UNITY & EFFICI5CY1 HE ORGANIZES AT ! 
MA*9E1 ! ONLY PLACE :]E HE APPRECIABLY FUNCTIONS 9 ! S*EME ( 
MOD]N LIFE4 
   

   ,! ,PROLET>IAT & ,POLITICS 
   
   

,ANY 
=CE 9 SOCIETY ?AT LACKS A CON/RUCTIVE PROGRAM IS USELESS--A FUTILE 
=CE4 ,IF IT M]ELY DEF5DS A SET POSITION & DOES NOT KEEP PACE ) 
! PROGRESS ( ! AGE BY MEANS ( A POSITIVE POLICY ( ITS [N1 IT 
CANNOT FUNCTION = ! PROLET>IAT2 = ! PROLET>IAT IS 
FUNDAM5TALLY REVOLUTION>Y2 !RE=E AGGRESSIVELY PROGRESSIVE4 ,AN 
ALI5 CLASS 9 MOD]N SOCIETY1 IT F9DS ITSELF UNABLE TO FUNCTION 
AGREEABLY1 EV5 TOL]ABLY1 9 CONJUNCTION ) ANY O!R CLASS4 ,ITS 
:OLE ATTITUDE IS ONE ( UNCOMPROMIS+ ANTAGONISM4 ,) ! LOSS ( 
! PROP]TY IDEA IT ALSO LO/ ! IDEA ( 0CONTRACT10 :I* IS AN 
9SEP>ABLE FEATURE ( ! CRAFT UNIONI/ PROP]TY F\NDATION4 ,CLE>LY 
!N1 ! CRAFT UNION1 ) ITS CIRCUMSCRIB$ PROP]TY & CONTRACTUAL 
NOTIONS1 ITS ACCEPTANCE ( CAPITALI/ PROPRIETOR%IP1 ITS LACK ( A 
CON/RUCTIVE POLICY1 CANNOT FUNCTION = ! PROLET>IAT4 
   

,POLITICAL 
P>TIES1 ) !IR ME?ODS ( NOSE C\NT+1 >E NOT ACCEPTABLE TO ! 
PROLET>IAT2 NOT ONLY BECAUSE ! ECONOMICALLY P[]FUL >E PRONE TO 
DISREG>D ! NOSES ( SLAVES1 BUT BECAUSE ! ME?ODS ( ! BALLOT 
BOX >E TOO MU* ! ME?ODS ( ! MOB2 & ! PROLET>IAT 
REALIZES ?AT ITS =CES MU/ BE M>%AL$1 DRILL$ & DISCIPL9$ = 
! DUTIES ( PRODUCTION & 9DU/RIAL ADM9I/RATION4 ,IT REALIZES 
?AT ! MOD]N 0GOV]NM5T0 IS BUT A %AD[ & NOT A SUB/ANCE--?AT 
IT IS M]ELY A COMMITTEE ACT+ = ! ECONOMICALLY P[]FUL--& ?AT 
IT WILL DISSOLVE ( ITS [N MOTION :5EV] ITS ECONOMIC SUPPORT IS 
)DRAWN4 ,REPRES5TATION 9 SU* A GOV]NM5T HAS NO VALUE TO ! 
PROLET>IAT1 S9CE IT DOES NOT C>E TO TRADE OR TRAFFIC ) ! O!R 
CLASSES1 = :OM IT POSSESSES ONLY HATR$ & CONTEMPT4 
   

,FUR!RMORE1 ! POLITICAL P>TY IS M]ELY AN >TIFICIAL GR\P+ ( PEOPLE ( ALL CLASSES1 UNIT$ BY A TEMPOR>Y AGREEM5T ( OP9ION--FICKLE1 
UNC]TA91 UNDISCIPL9$1 IRRESPONSIBLE1 CAT]+ TO VOTES & 
EVAPORAT+ ITS SYMPA?Y :5EV] ITS POPUL>ITY IS ?REAT5$2 :ILE ! 
CLASS IS AN ORGANIC DIVISION ( ! PEOPLE1 COMPOS$ ( ?OSE SUBJECT$ 
TO ! SAME ECONOMIC 9FLU5CES1 ?OSE :O LIVE & WORK ON ! SAME 
PLANE ( MAT]IAL 9T]E/--!RE=E1 CON/ANT1 /ABLE1 H>MONI\S1 
& CAPABLE ( DISCIPL9E & RESPONSIBILITY4 ,!SE FACTS APPEAL ) 
IRRESI/IBLE =CE TO ! PROLET>IAT1 :I* F9DS ITSELF 9 ! MID/ 
( A CONT9U\S & CUMULATIVE ECONOMIC W>F>E1 REQUIR+ ! CON/ANT 
& H>MONI\S EF=TS ( ALL ITS UNITS4 ,BACK ( ! POLITICAL 
SKIRMI%]S LIES A VA/ ECONOMIC >MY & IT CAN ONLY BE OPPOS$ ) 
ORGANIZ$ ECONOMIC P[]4 ,ORGANIZATION ON ! FIELD ( PRODUCTION IS 
!RE=E ! PROLET>IAT'S MEANS ( EXPRESSION--!RE IS :]E IT 
FUNCTIONS--!RE IS :]E IT DAILY MEETS ITS 5EMY4 
   

,?AT 
,APOCALYPTIC VISION ( A FUTURE CONDITION KN[N AS ! ,SOCIALI/ ,/ATE1 
OR ,COOP]ATIVE ,COMMONWEAL?1 IS RA!R TOO VAGUE A NOTION TO CONVEY 
MU* TO ! M9DS ( ! PROLET>IANS1 :O1 LIV+ AT ! BASE ( 
MOD]N SOCIETY & FUNCTION+ AT ! MA*9]Y ( PRODUCTION1 DEAL 
CON/ANTLY ) ! CONCRETE4 ,!Y HAVE NEI!R TIME NOR 
9CL9ATION = SPECULATION1 & ! USUAL CRY ( ! ,SOCIALI/ 
,POLITICIAN1 0,VOTE ! ,COOP]ATIVE ,COMMONWEAL? 9TO EXI/5CE AT ! 
POLLS0 LACKS PRACTICALITY1 SO F> AS !Y CAN SEE1 BECAUSE !Y1 :O 
NE$ ?AT COMMONWEAL?1 >E 9 A SAD M9ORITY AT ! POLLS ?R\< LACK 
( ! ELECTORAL QUALIFICATIONS2 & IT IS QUITE UNBELIEVABLE ?AT ! 
PRIVILEG$ CLASSES W\LD ABATE ONE JOT OR TITTLE ! P[] & 
PRIVILEGE !Y N[ 5JOY4 ,! RET5TION ( ! T]RITORIAL 0,/ATE0 9 
! ,SOCIALI/ S*EME ( SOCIAL REG5]ATION M>KS IT AS A MIDDLE CLASS 
CONCEPTION1 QUITE 9 KEEP+ ) MIDDLE CLASS EXP]I5CE & 
PSY*OLOGY1 &1 !RE=E1 L>GELY \T ( H>MONY ) ANY CONCEPTION 
! PROLET>IAT MAY EVOLVE FROM ITS [N EXP]I5CE4 ,! REPRES5TATIVE 
*>ACT] ( ! T]RITORIAL ,/ATE DOES V]Y WELL = A CLASS 5GAG$ 
9 TRADE & :I* HAS H]ET(ORE US$ ! /ATE AS A M$IUM = 
ADJU/+ TRADE FRICTIONS1 BUT TO A CLASS FUNCTION+ DIRECTLY 9 
PRODUCTION & AT ! ME*ANICAL 5D ( DI/RIBUTION1 SU* A ,/ATE IS 
UTT]LY \T ( DATE & USELESS4 ,! PROLET>IAT PROPOSES ! 
,9DU/RIAL ,DEMOCRACY--A SOCIETY BAS$ PRIM>ILY UPON PRODUCTION--EQUALITY 
9 PRODUCTION C\PL$ ) EQUALITY 9 DI/RIBUTION--EA* NECESS>Y 
9DU/RY ! EQUAL ( EV]Y O!R NECESS>Y 9DU/RY--& IT IS QUITE 
EVID5T ?AT T]RITORIAL REPRES5TATIVES CANNOT LEGISLATE 9TELLIG5TLY 
= ! 9DU/RIES4 ,BUREAUCRATIC ADM9I/RATION W\LD NECESS>ILY 
RESULT 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ 0,/ATE0--DEMOCRATIC P>TICIPATION & CONTROL BY 
! PEOPLE W\LD BE SET ASIDE--A NEW SLAV]Y W\LD 5SUE1 = 
BUREAUCRATS >E 9H]5TLY DESPOTIC4 ,FUR!R--! /ATE1 7! PRIM>Y 
FUNCTION ( :I* HAS ALWAYS BE5 TO PROTECT PRIVATE PROP]TY7 AS AN 
5TITY SET OV] & ABOVE ! PEOPLE1 HAS SO LONG REPRES5T$ ! 
PROLET>IAN IDEA ( DESPOTISM ?AT ANY S*EME RETA9+ IT MU/ SURELY 
MEET ) PROLET>IAN OPPOSITION4 
   

,! MA*9E DOM9ATES ! 
LIVES ( ! PROLET>IAT1 !RE=E ! PROLET>IAN CONCEPTION IS ?AT1 
9 A SOCIETY BAS$ ON UNIV]SAL P>TICIPATION 9 9DU/RY & ! 
B5EFITS ( 9DU/RY1 ! MA*9E MU/ B5EFICIALLY 9FLU5CE ! LIVES 
( ALL M54 ,9DE$1 ! MAJOR PORTION ( ! QUE/IONS >IS+ 9 SU* 
A SOCIETY W\LD BE AUTOMATICALLY SETTL$ BY ! MA*9ES1 & AMONG A 
PEOPLE LIV+ ON ! SAME PLANE ( MAT]IAL 9T]E/ & SUBJECT$ TO 
! SAME ECONOMIC 9FLU5CES1 !RE MU/ >ISE SU* A SIMIL>ITY ( 
PSY*OLOGY1 SU* A S+L5ESS ( VIEWPO9T & UNITY ( PURPOSE1 ?AT 
! MORAL & RELIGI\S LIVES ( ! PEOPLE W\LD ALL RISE TO ! SAME 
HI< & NOBLE /&>D4 ,9 FACT1 ADM9I/RATION 9 SU* A SOCIETY 
W\LD MO/ PROBABLY RESOLVE ITSELF 9TO ! COLLECTION1 CLASSIFICATION 
& DISSEM9ATION ( 9DU/RIAL /ATI/ICS1 & ! 5=CEM5T ( ! 
MORAL CODE W\LD BE A FUNCTION ( ! ,9DU/RY ( ,PUBLIC ,HEAL? & 
,SANITATION4 
   

,TWO FACTS /& \T PROM95TLY 9 AN EXAM9ATION ( MOD]N SOCIETY3 ,FIR/1 ! PROLET>IAT IS ! SUBJECT CLASS1 &1 SECOND1 ! SPECIAL FUNCTION ( ! /ATE IS TO KEEP ! PROLET>IAT 9 SUBJECTION4 
,!RE=E1 ANY ORGANIZATION ( ! PROLET>IAT AS A CLASS MU/ AT ONCE 
BE CONSID]$ A M5ACE TO ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES & BE DECL>$ 
ILLEGAL4 ,ALL ! ACTIVITIES ( ! PROLET>IAT FUR!R+ ITS PROGRAM 
= A NEW SOCIETY MU/ NECESS>ILY BE REVOLUTION>Y & BE BEYOND ! 
0,LAW40 ,!RE=E1 ! ,SOCIALI/ POLITICIAN'S 0LEGAL REVOLUTION0 IDEA IS 
REG>D$ AS ABSURD BY ! PROLET>IAT2 & S9CE ! PROLET>IAT 
REALIZES ?AT ALL ITS =CES MU/ BE CLOSELY CO-ORD9AT$ & DRILL$ 
9 PRODUCTION & COOP]ATION 9 ORD] TO FUNCTION 9 ! NEW SOCIETY1 
! IDEA ?AT ! :OLE ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( ?IS PRES5T SOCIETY CAN 
BE *ANG$ BY GO+ TO ! POLLS ONCE EV]Y TWO OR F\R YE>S IS 
ESPECIALLY ABSURD4 
   

,! PROLET>IAT MAKES NO APPEAL TO ANY BUT 
! WAGE WORK+ CLASS1 ?\< IT REALIZES ?AT ! GR[? ( ! 
,SOCIAL ,CONSCI\SNESS AMONG ALL ! CLASSES MU/ BR+ ?\S&S TO ITS 
/&>D1 :OSE IMM$IATE P]SONAL 9T]E/S W\LD BE CONS]V$ BY AN 
OPPOSITE C\RSE4 ,IT REALIZES H[ GREAT A TASK IT IS TO P]SUADE M5 
AGA9/ !IR MAT]IAL 9T]E/S1 & H[ SMALL ! *ANCE IS TO SECURE 
A MAJORITY AT ! POLLS--A MAJORITY1 HELPLESS 9 ITS /R5G? BECAUSE 
UNDISCIPL9$ 9 COOP]ATION & COMPOS$ ( POT5TIALLY DISCORDANT 
ELEM5TS4 ,BUT MORE IT REALIZES ?AT ! PROLET>IAT1 OP]AT+ ! 
MA*9]Y ( PRODUCTION & REALLY 9 POSSESSION ( ! WEAL? ( ! 
WORLD1 IS 9 A POSITION TO DICTATE ! T]MS ( LIFE TO ALL SOCIETY1 IF 
IT M]ELY SECURES ! CONS5T & COOP]ATION ( ! MEMB]S ( ITS 
[N CLASS4 ,IT PROPOSES ?AT ! BALLOT BOX %ALL REPOSE FIR/ 9 ! 
,UNION HALL1 & !N 9 ! %OP2 & ONE NE$S ONLY TO FUNCTION 9 
9DU/RY TO BE A VOT] !RE4 ,! REC5TLY L&$ IMMIGRANT1 :O HAS A 
0JOB10 IS EQUAL TO ! DESC5DANT ( ! ,PILGRIM ,FA!RS1 :O ALSO 
WORKS = BREAD4 
   

,! FUTURE SOCIETY COMES ONLY AT ! DESIRE 
& ) ! CONS5T ( ! PROLET>IAT1 = IT IS EVID5TLY ! ONLY 
CLASS ABLE TO SAFEGU>D HUMANITY BY MEANS ( A NEW SOCIETY2 & ! 
REVOLUTION CAN PROP]LY OCCUR ONLY AFT] ! PROLET>IAT HAS HAD 
SUFFICI5T TRA9+ 9 VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION & SELF-GOV]NM5T TO BE 
ABLE TO DEMON/RATE ITS ABILITY TO SUCCESSFULLY CONT9UE PRODUCTION & 
H&LE DI/RIBUTION--SO ?AT ALL MAY BE F$4 ,VOT+ 5 MASSE AT 
! POLLS IS NO EVID5CE :ATSOEV] ( SU* ABILITY1 & TO TEA* ?IS 
CLASS ?AT ITS WAY TO FRE$OM LIES PRIM>ILY ?R\< ! BALLOT BOX IS 
A MO/ MIS]ABLE MIS$UCATION & PAVES ! WAY TO ! MO/ DESP]ATE 
CATA/ROPHE ?AT HUMANITY C\LD EV] SUFF]4 
   

,! ,SOCIALI/ 
,PHILOSOPHY BASES ITSELF UPON ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! NE$S & ASPIRATIONS 
( ! PROLET>IAT >E ! JU/IFICATION ( ! ,SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,SO1 
:Y ATTEMPT TO LEAD ?IS CLASS 9 A WAY IT CANNOT GO8 ,:Y =GET ! 
FUNDAM5TAL FACT ( PROLET>IAN LIFE--! LAW ( ,ECONOMIC ,DET]M9ISM8 
,! ME?OD ( GETT+ ! PROLET>IAT'S LIV+ DET]M9ES ITS ?\<TS 
& ACTIONS4 ,MA*9E PRODUCTION--GR\P EF=T--SCI5TIFIC TEAM WORK--CLASS 
EXP]I5CE--!SE >E ! DET]M9+ FACTORS1 & ALL ! F9E-SPUN 
!ORIES GO GLIMM]+ :5 CONFRONT$ ) !SE4 ,MIDDLE CLASS 
M$DL+ & 9T]F]5CE ) ! PROLET>IAT--GIV+ IT A PROGRAM 
TA9T$ ) MIDDLE CLASS TRADITIONS--IS AN IMP]T95CE ?AT IS 
EXCUSABLE ONLY ON ! GR\NDS ( MISGUID$ BUT PHILAN?ROPIC ZEAL4 
   

,9 
A CLASS SOCIETY1 ! P[]S ( ! GOV]NM5T >E D]IV$ FROM ! 
ECONOMIC P[] ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS1 &1 = ?AT REASON1 ! PRIME 
NECESSITY ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ITS /RUGGLE1 IS TO DEVELOP ITS 
ECONOMIC P[]1 = IT IS REALLY OPPOS$ ONLY BY ECONOMIC P[]4 
,ORGANIZATION ON ! ECONOMIC FIELD1 AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION1 & 
CONT5D+ = ! PRODUCT ( ! MA*9ES IS ! ONLY ME?OD ( 
DEVELOP+ ECONOMIC P[] = ! PROLET>IAT2 & P>TICIPATION 9 
PURELY POLITICAL PROPAG&A & CAMPAIGNS IS A CRIM9AL WA/E ( TIME 
& 5]GY4 ,9 ! FIELDS ( POLITICS1 ! PROGRAM ( ! PROLET>IAT 
%\LD BE 0PRESSURE RA!R ?AN P>TICIPATION02 A PROGRAM H]ET(ORE ABLY PURSU$ BY ! ,PLUTOCRATS4 
   

,! 
PROLET>IAT CANNOT CONCEIVE ( AN ACCEPTABLE SOCIETY )\T MA*9E 
PRODUCTION4 ,IT CANNOT CONCEIVE ( M5 PRODUC+ EFFICI5TLY EXCEPT 9 
GR\PS >\ND MA*9ES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY ITS =M ( ORGANIZATION TO C>RY 
ON ! CLASS /RUGGLE & BUILD ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE MU/ PRES]VE 
! UNITY ( ! GR\PS N[ WORK+ AB\T ! MA*9ES4 ,ANY O!R 
ME?OD W\LD BE =EIGN TO IT & DOOM$ TO FAILURE BECAUSE 
9CONSI/5T ) PROLET>IAN EXP]I5CE4 
   

,NO CLASS EV] YET 
SUCCESSFULLY DOM9AT$ SOCIETY UNLESS IT DEMON/RAT$ ITS ABILITY TO 
DIRECT 9DU/RY4 ,ONLY ON ?IS BASIS C\LD A FOLL[+ BE SECUR$ & 
P[] BE E/ABLI%$4 ,! PROLET>IAT IS 9 NO DIFF]5T CASE4 ,IT MU/ 
DEMON/RATE ITS EFFICI5CY4 ,TO M]ELY DE/ROY MOD]N SOCIETY )\T 
SUB/ITUT+ SOME?+ BETT] W\LD BE ! MO/ MON/R\S ( CRIMES4 ,TO 
A*IEVE EMANCIPATION ONLY TO PLUNGE ! WORLD 9TO ECONOMIC *AOS W\LD 
BE ! BITT]E/ ( TRAVE/IES UPON HUMAN 9TELLIG5CE4 ,! PROLET>IAT 
MU/ RECOGNIZE & BE PREP>$ TO ASSUME ! RESPONSIBILITIES ( 
PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 & ( SOCIAL & 9DU/RIAL 
ADM9I/RATION2 O!RWISE IT HAD BETT] SUBMIT & ACCEPT SU* 
AMELIORATIONS AS A ,B5EVOL5T ,FEUDALISM MAY BE WILL+ TO ACCORD IT4 ,IT 
MU/ HAVE A POSITIVE SCI5TIFIC PHILOSOPHY1 A DEF9ITE CONCEPTION ( 
! FUTURE SOCIETY1 & A PRACTICABLE PROGRAM4 ,LACK+ !SE1 IT FAILS4 
   

,MOD]N 
SCI5CE1 BAS$ UPON ! LAW ( EVOLUTION1 N[ FURNI%ES A ,PHILOSOPHY ( 
,LIFE1 POSITIVE & DEF9ITE 9 ITS *>ACT] & ACCEPTABLE TO ! 
PROLET>IAT1 BECAUSE IT (F]S A CONNECT$ & RATIONAL EXPLANATION ( 
! PH5OM5A ( ! UNIV]SE4 ,! PROLET>IAN CONCEPTION ( ! 
,9DU/RIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 H>MONIZ+ MAN ) ! ME?OD ( WEAL? 
PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 F9ALLY H>MONIZES HIM ) HIS 
5VIRONM5T & !RE=E1 ?R\< UNIV]SAL WELL BE+1 GU>ANTEES ! 
G5]ATION ( A HI<LY CULTUR$ RACE1 :I* FROM ITS VIEWPO9T1 IS ! 
PURPOSE ( HUMAN LIFE UPON ?IS PLANET4 ,! PROGRAM ( ! PROLET>IAT 
IS NECESS>ILY DEP5D5T UPON ! 9DU/RIAL SY/EM & UPON ! DEGREE 
( ITS [N 9TELLIG5CE4 ,ITS WAT*WORDS >E 0,AGITATE--,$UCATE 
--,ORGANIZE10 &1 AS ORGANIZATION IS FUNDAM5TALLY NECESS>Y TO UNITY ( 
ACTION & ! WORK+ \T ( A PROGRAM1 WE WILL N[ CONSID] ?AT 
PHASE ( ! QUE/ION4 
   

   ,PROLET>IAN ,ORGANIZATION 
   
   

,M>X 
DECL>ES ?AT ! ,HI/ORIC ,MISSION ( ! WORK+ CLASS IS TO OV]?R[ 
CAPITALISM & E/ABLI% A NEW ORD] ( SOCIETY2 !RE=E1 ! ME?OD 
( ITS ORGANIZATION IS ( ! FIR/ IMPORTANCE4 ,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT TO FUNCTION AT ! MA*9ES IS ! BASIS ( ! PROLET>IAN RELATIONS TO MOD]N SOCIETY1 & IT MU/ N[ BE BORNE 9 UPON \R M9DS ?AT1 ! BASIS ( PROLET>IAN RELATIONS TO ! FUTURE SOCIETY WILL BE FUNCTION+ AT ! MA*9ES4 
,! FUTURE SOCIETY WILL PRODUCE & DI/RIBUTE ITS LIV+ BY MA*9]Y 
JU/ AS WE DO N[1 EXCEPT ?AT ! MA*9]Y WILL BE GREATLY IMPROV$2 
!RE=E IT IS A P]FECTLY NATURAL & A HI<LY NECESS>Y /EP = ! 
,PROLET>IAT TO ORGANIZE AT ! MA*9ES & 9 ! T]MS ( MOD]N 
9DU/RY4 ,! H&ICRAFTSM5--US]S ( H& TOOLS--ORGANIZ$ 9 ! T]MS 
( ?OSE TOOLS AS CRAFTSM52 ! PROLET>IANS--GR\PS ( NON-SPECIALIZ$ 
WORK]S >\ND ! MA*9ES--N[ ORGANIZE 9 ! T]MS ( ! MA*9ES 
AS ,9DU/RIALI/S4 
   

,SYNDICALISM 9 ,EUROPE & ,9DU/RIALISM 9 
,AM]ICA W]E EVOLV$ \T ( ! /RUGGLES & DEFEATS ( ! REBELLI\S 
WORK+ CLASS & HAVE MANY ?+S 9 COMMON4 ,BO? HOLD ! NE$S & 
ASPIRATIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT AS ! BASIS ( !IR ORGANIZATIONS4 
,BO? DECL>E 0,LABOR ALONE IS FRUITFUL0 & 0TO ! WORK] BELONGS ! 
FULL SOCIAL VALUE ( HIS TOIL40 ,BO? PROPOSE ! ABOLITION ( ! WAGES 
SY/EM & ! CONV]SION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 9TO UNIV]SAL SOCIAL 
POSSESSION4 ,BO? DEM& ?AT ALL NORMAL ADULT P]SONS %ALL FUNCTION 9 
9DU/RY1 SO ?AT ! SAME MAY BE ,DEMOCRATICALLY MANAG$ & 
CONTROLL$1 & ALL M5 HAVE ?AT REASONABLE LEISURE & $UCATION 
:I* MAKES = A TRULY CULTUR$ RACE4 ,BO? HAVE A VISION ( ! FUTURE 
CIVILIZATION1 & ! ORGANIZATION ( !IR ,SYNDICATE & ,UNIONS HAVE 
?REE C>D9AL PURPOSES :I* >E ID5TICAL1 NAMELY3 
   
    

7#a7 ,TO RESI/ ! MA/] CLASS2 
    

7#b7 ,TO BUILD ! NEW SOCIETY2 & 
    

7#c7 ,TO FUNCTION AS UNITS ( PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION & ADM9I/RATION 9 ! NEW SOCIETY4 
   
   

,! ,PREAMBLE ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7! ,AM]ICAN ORGANIZATION7 SAYS3  
   
    
     

,IT 
IS ! HI/ORIC MISSION ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO DO AWAY ) 
,CAPITALISM4 ,! >MY ( PRODUCTION MU/ BE ORGANIZ$1 NOT ONLY = ! 
EV]Y DAY /RUGGLE ) CAPITALI/S1 BUT ALSO TO C>RY ON PRODUCTION 
:5 ,CAPITALISM %ALL HAVE BE5 OV]?R[N4 ,BY ORGANIZ+ 9DU/RIALLY 
WE >E =M+ ! NEW SOCIETY )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD4 
    
   
   

,FROM MY NOTES ON AN ADDRESS BY ,LEON ,J\HAUX1 ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,CONF$]ATION ,G5]AL DU ,TRAVAIL 7,FRANCE7 ,I QUOTE ! FOLL[+3 
   
    
     

,AIMS ( ,C4 ,G4 ,T4 
     

,SECTION #a4 ,GR\P+ ( WAGE WORK]S = ! DEF5SE ( !IR MORAL & MAT]IAL 9T]E/S1 BO? ECONOMIC & PR(ESSIONAL4 
     

,SECTION 
#b4 ,\TSIDE EV]Y POLITICAL S*OOL IT ORGANIZES EV]Y WORK]1 :O IS 
CONSCI\S ( ! /RUGGLE1 = ! ABOLITION ( ! WAGES SY/EM & 
! EMPLOY+ CLASS4 
     

"9 "9 "9 "9 ,IT PROPOSES TO BECOME ! LOCAL ADM9I/RATOR & REGULATOR ( PRODUCTION 9 ! NEW SOCIETY4 
     

"9 
"9 "9 "9 ,SYNDICALISM MU/ BE SELF-SUFFICI5T 9 ! TASK IT HAS LAID D[N 
= ITSELF2 !RE=E IT DEVELOPS CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,IT DEVELOPS & 
/R5G!NS ! WORK+ CLASS ?R\< ! EV]YDAY /RUGGLES4 ,IT 
PROMOTES CLASS $UCATION T[>DS ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! EMPLOY]S4 
     

"9 
"9 "9 "9 ,ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION ONLY IS S\<T2 !RE=E ! ABILITY ( 
! WORK]S = PRODUCTION & SELF-GOV]NM5T MU/ BE DEVELOP$4 
     

"9 "9 "9 "9 ,! ,C4 ,G4 ,T4 =MS ! NEW SOCIETY )9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD4 
    
   
   

,Y\ WILL OBS]VE ?AT BO? !SE (FICIAL UTT]ANCES >E PRACTICALLY ! SAME 9 ! EXPRESSION ( PURPOSE1 
& ?AT !Y %[ A COMPLETE REALIZATION & ACCEPTANCE ( ! DUTIES 
& RESPONSIBILITIES IMPOS$ UPON ! WORK+ CLASS BY !IR 
REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAMS4 ,BUT AT ?IS PO9T ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS 
DIV]GE1 FUNDAM5TAL DIFF]5CES ( CONCEPTION & TACTICS DI/+UI% 
!M TO SU* AN EXT5T ?AT IT IS A GRAVE ]ROR TO SAY ?AT ! TWO >E 
REALLY ID5TICAL4 ,! REC5T =MATION ( ! ,SYNDICALI/ ,LEAGUE ( 
,NOR? ,AM]ICA HAS ACC5TUAT$ ?IS DIFF]5CE 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & 
!RE IS NO LONG] ANY REASON :Y ANY 9QUIR+ P]SON %\LD FAIL TO 
DI/+UI% BETWE5 !M4 ,! AN>*I/IC ELEM5TS >E /RONG & 
ACTIVE 9 ! ,C4 ,G4 ,T41 & HAVE DEVELOP$ !IR DEF5SIVE TACTICS 
TO A REM>KABLE DEGREE2 :ILE ! ,SOCIALI/IC ELEM5T HOLD ! BALANCE 
( P[] 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONS & HAVE DEVOT$ !MSELVES 
V]Y L>GELY TO QUE/IONS & PROBLEMS ( /RUCTURE2 SO ?AT 
! CONCEPTION ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY SEEMS TO BE MU* CLE>] & MORE 
RATIONAL 9 ?IS C\NTRY ?AN 9 ,EUROPE4 ,! ,FR5* AUTONOM\S LOCAL1 UNASSI/$ & UNRE/RA9$1 DOES NOT APPEAL TO ! ,AM]ICAN ) HIS IDEAS ( C5TRALIZ$ 
AU?ORITY & RESPONSIBILITY4 ,FUR!RMORE ! ,AM]ICAN IDEA ( 
EFFICI5CY NECESSITATES A SY/EM ?AT CAN USE & PRACTICE ! MO/ 
SCI5TIFIC ECONOMY 9 ! ADM9I/RATION ( AFFAIRS1 & SU* ECONOMY 
IS NOT PROMOT$ BY ! USE ( AN AUTONOM\S SY/EM4 
   

,H[EV]1 
IT IS NOT ! PURPOSE ( ?IS PAMPHLET TO 5T] 9TO A DISCUSSION ( 
! RELATIVE M]ITS & DEM]ITS ( ,SYNDICALISM & ,9DU/RIAL 
,UNIONISM1 BUT RA!R TO PO9T \T ! /RUCTURE ( ! ,ONE ,BIG ,UNION1 
)\T REF]5CE TO ! O!R4 ,= ?AT PURPOSE !N1 LET US PROCE$4 
   

   ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM 
   
   

,SO 
LONG AS 9DU/RY WAS1 RELATIVELY1 9 AN UNDEVELOP$ /ATE & GREAT 
>EAS ( L& W]E AVAILABLE = SETTLEM5T1 ! CRAFT UNIONS MET ! 
REQUIREM5TS ( ! ORGANIZ$ PORTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS2 BUT :5 
! DEVELOPM5T ( 9V5TIONS BR\<T ON ! 0MA*9E AGE0 & ! 
DESIRABLE L&S W]E OCCUPI$1 CRAFT UNIONISM CEAS$ TO FUNCTION 
ADVANTAGE\SLY4 ,IT HAD DEVELOP$ AT A TIME :5 ! MAN & HIS MA/] 
WORK$ TOGE!R ON ! JOB1 AS IS ! CASE N[ ON ! ORD9>Y SMALL 
F>M1 & !RE WAS A BELIEF ?AT ! EMPLOY] & EMPLOYEE HAD 
9T]E/S 9 COMMON4 ,! WORKMAN HAD VISIONS ( A TIME :5 HE %\LD 
SET UP 9 BUS9ESS = HIMSELF1 & BECOME ! EMPLOY] ( A MAN OR 
TWO2 & IT WAS QUITE NATURAL ?AT HE %\LD ADOPT ! MOTTO1 0,A FAIR 
DAY'S WAGE = A FAIR DAY'S WORK0--! ONLY QUE/ION BE+1 0,:AT IS 
FAIR80 ,! RI<T TO PRIVATELY [N PROP]TY WAS NOT QUE/ION$2 9 FACT1 
SKILL 9 ! CRAFTS WAS REG>D$ AS PROP]TY & ! WORKMAN IMAG9$ 
?AT HE MET HIS EMPLOY] ON ! PLANE ( EQUALITY4 ,= ?IS REASON HE 
READILY 5T]$ 9TO CONTRACTS = ! SALE ( HIS S]VICES--HE BE+ A 
FREE MAN & COMPET5T TO MAKE CONDITIONS = HIMSELF4 ,! TOOLS ( HIS 
TRADE W]E FITT$ TO HIS H&S & MOV$ ONLY SO F> & SO FA/ AS HE 
PROPELL$ !M & ! >TICLE1 :5 F9I%$1 WAS A MONUM5T TO 
HIMSELF2 ALL ( :I* T5D$ TO EXALT HIM 9 HIS [N E/IMATION4 ,HE 
LOOK$ D[N UPON ! UNSKILL$ AS DI/9CTLY 9F]IOR BE+S1 UNFIT & 
UNDESIRABLE4 ,=EIGN]S1 NEGROES & ,*9ESE W]E BEA/S TO BE 
ESPECIALLY ABHORR$2 WOM5 W]E DESIRABLE ONLY AS SATELLITES TO M52 
& *ILDR5 W\LD GR[ UP & HELP MAKE HIM RI* :5 !Y W]E ABLE 
TO GO TO WORK4 
   

,! ,UNION WAS A DEF5SIVE WEAPON ONLY4 ,IT 
ORGANIZ$ ! /R5G? ( ?OSE :O GA9$ !IR BREAD BY ! USE ( 
! SAME K9D ( TOOLS4 ,IT OPPOS$ ! 9TRODUCTION & DEVELOPM5T ( 
MA*9]Y1 & RET>D$ ! SPREAD ( TE*NICAL KN[L$GE BY LIMIT+ 
APPR5TICES4 ,IT 5T]$ 9TO CLOS$ %OP AGREEM5TS ) EMPLOY]S1 & 
LIMIT$ ! NUMB] ( OP]AT+ CRAFTSM5 BY EXCESSIVE 9ITIATION FEES 
& DUES1 & BY REFUS+ TO RECOGNIZE C>DS ISSU$ BY UNIONS 9 O!R 
OR DI/ANT PLACES4 ,IT REG>D$ ITSELF AS A DI/9CT 5TITY 9 ! WORLD 
( LABOR1 & HELD ALO( FROM ASSOCIATION ) O!R CRAFT UNIONS4 ,9 
CASE ( A /RIKE OR LOCK\T AFFECT+ SOME ONE CRAFT1 ! O!R 
CRAFTSM5 REG>D$ IT ) 9DIFF]5CE1 = !Y W]E B\ND BY A CONTRACT 
:I* PREV5T$ 9T]F]5CE ON !IR P>T1 IF = ANY REASON !Y HAD 
C>$ TO DO SO4 ,NOTICE ( 9T5TION TO /RIKE WAS ALWAYS GIV5 AHEAD ( 
TIME2 GREAT W>1 OR /RIKE B5EFIT FUNDS W]E PROVID$2 & EV]Y 
EF=T WAS MADE TO KEEP ! /RIKE )9 ! B\NDS ( LEGALITY4 
   

,JURISDICTIONAL 
QU>RELS =C$ ! =MATION ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR 9 ORD] TO 
HAVE A MEANS ( PRES]V+ ! PEACE2 & ?R\< ?IS ,F$]ATION ! 
CRAFTSM5 HAVE MA9TA9$ LOBBIES AT ! ,/ATE & ,NATIONAL ,CAPITALS TO 
ADVOCATE & PROMOTE ! 5ACTM5T ( 0MORE & BETT] LAWS = LABOR40 
   

,DESPITE 
! ORGANIZ$ OPPOSITION ( ! CRAFTS1 MA*9]Y BEGAN MORE & MORE 
TO DOM9ATE 9DU/RY1 DE/ROY+ :OLE CRAFTS1 AS ! ,GLASS ,BOTTLE 
,BL[]S1 & BR++ O!RS 9TO EXI/5CE1 AS ! ,ELECTRICIANS2 BUT 
ALWAYS ! T5D5CY HAS BE5 TO SUBDIVIDE LABOR & SCATT] ! SKILL 
( ! CRAFTSM5 9TO ! H&S ( A NUMB] ( M5 WORK+ >\ND 
MA*9ES4 ,! DESPIS$ =EIGN]S1 & F9ALLY ! WOM5 & *ILDR51 
HAVE1 9 A L>GE MEASURE1 TAK5 ! PLACES ( ! ANCI5T CRAFTSMAN 
?R\< ! SIMPLIFICATION ( 9DU/RY BY ! USE ( ! MA*9E 
9/EAD ( ! H& TOOL4 
   

,! ,NEW ,WORK+ ,CLASS--! ,MA*9E 
,PROLET>IAT--DIFF]S ESS5TIALLY FROM ! ,CRAFTSMAN4 ,! MA*9E HAV+ 
SCATT]$ SKILL & CONV]T$ ITS REMNANTS 9TO M]E RAPIDITY ( MOTION 
& MILD MANUAL DEXT]ITY1 ! IDEA ( AN EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY 9 SKILL 
HAS DISAPPE>$ & ALONG ) IT HAS GONE ! CONTRACTUAL NOTION1 ! 
>I/OCRACY ( LABOR IDEA1 PRIDE 9 PRODUCTION1 CONTEMPT = 
=EIGN]S1 & 9TOL]ANCE ( WOM5 & *ILDR5 9 9DU/RY4 ,! NEW 
UNIONISM1 ORGANIZ+ ON ! BASIS ( ! MA*9E1 WELCOMES EV]Y 
IMPROVEM5T & DEVELOPM5T 9 9DU/RY1 EXCLUDES NO WORK] FROM ! 
MA*9ES ON ANY GR\NDS ( UNDESIRABILITY 7!RE BE+ NO B>RI]S ( 
RACE1 CRE$1 COLOR1 SEX1 AGE OR SKILL71 MAKES NO CLOS$ %OP AGREEM5TS 
OR B9D+ TIME CONTRACTS ( EMPLOYM5T1 DEPRESSES ITS 9ITIATION FEES 
& DUES TO A B>E EXP5SE BASIS1 & ISSUES UNIV]SAL TRANSF] C>DS 
:I* >E ACCEPTABLE 9 ALL 9DU/RIES & 9 ALL CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES 
( ! WORLD4 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONS GR\P ALL ! WORK]S 9 A GIV5 
9DU/RIAL PLANT 9 ONE 9DU/RIAL UNION )\T REF]5CE TO ANY O!R 
CONSID]ATION ?AN ?IS3 ,?AT !Y TAKE P>T 9 ! PRODUCTION ( ! 
PLANT'S \TPUT4 ,LABOR]S1 CRAFTSM51 (FICE =CE & SALESM5--ALL >E 
ELIGIBLE BECAUSE ALL >E NECESS>Y TO EFFICI5T PRODUCTION4 ,NO ONE IS 
SO GREAT OR SO HUMBLE ?AT HE %\LD BE EXCLUD$4 ,NO ONE IS ( F9] 
CLAY ?AN ANO!R--ALL FUNCTION 9 9DU/RY1 !RE=E1 ALL >E EQUAL4 
,ALL WORK 9 ! SAME PLANT2 ALL DRAW !IR PAY FROM ! SAME W9D[2 
! LABOR ( ALL IS WRAPP$ UP 9 ! SAME PRODUCT2 !RE=E ALL 
%\LD BE 9 ! SAME UNION4 
   

,! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IANS 
>E MUTUAL BECAUSE !Y AS A CLASS >E SUBJECT TO ! SAME ECONOMIC 
9FLU5CES2 !RE=E 0AN 9JURY TO ONE IS ! CONC]N ( ALL40 ,A 
/RIKE MEANS ?AT EV]Y WORK] %ALL WALK \T & /AY \T UNTIL AN 
AGREEM5T HAS BE5 REA*$ :]EBY ALL MAY RETURN4 
   

,! ME?OD 
( ORGANIZATION IS A PROCESS ( C5TRALIZATION & IS EFFECT$ 9 ! 
FOLL[+ MANN] 79 ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,M9+1 = 9/ANCE73 ,ALL 
WORK]S EMPLOY$ AB\T A M9E1 :E!R UND] OR ABOVE GR\ND1 ALL 
EMPLOYES 9 ! /AMP MILLS1 ROA/]S1 CYANID+ PLANT1 OR SMELT]2 ALL 
WOODSM5 EMPLOY$ BY ! M9E TO PRODUCE TIMB]S1 LUMB] OR WOOD = 
ITS USE2 ALL WORK]S EMPLOY$ ON A RAILROAD [N$ BY ! M9E & US$ 
TO TRANSPORT ITS \TPUT & SUPPLIES1 W\LD BE MEMB]S ( ! 
,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ( ,METAL ,M9]S4 ,! V>I\S CRAFTSM5 75G9E 
DRIV]S1 FIREM51 C>P5T]S1 BLACKSMI?S1 CYANID]S1 AMALGAMATORS1 
ETC47 W\LD ALL BE ,M,9,],S ALONG ) ! DRILL RUNN]S1 HAMM]SM51 
TIMB]-M51 TRAMM]S & MUCK]S4 
   

,METAL ,M9]S >E GR\P$ 9 
! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ( ,METAL ,M9E ,WORK]S4 ,COAL M9]S 9 ! 
,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ( ,COAL ,M9E ,WORK]S1 & OIL FIELD WORK]S 9 ! 
,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ( ,OIL ,WORK]S4 
   

,ALL !SE ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONS >E UNIT$ 9 ! ,9DU/RIAL ,DEP>TM5T ( ,M9+4 
   

,! 
,DEP>TM5T ( ,M9+ IS !N UNIT$ ) ! ,DEP>TM5TS ( ,AGRICULTURE 
& ,FI%]IES1 ,G5]AL ,PRODUCTION & ,DI/RIBUTION1 ,CON/RUCTION1 
,TRANSPORTATION & ,PUBLIC ,S]VICE1 9 ! G5]AL ORGANIZATION ( ,! 
,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1 :I*1 9 ITS TURN1 IS AFFILIAT$ ) 
O!R SIMIL> ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! O!R CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES4 
   

,BY 
?IS MEANS ALL ! WORK]S >E BR\<T TOGE!R UPON ! BASIS ( !IR 
GR\P RELATIONS TO MOD]N 9DU/RY4 ,IT IS A CLASS ORGANIZATION1 &1 AS 
SU*1 CO-ORD9ATES ! =CES ( ! PROLET>IAT TO ! 5D ?AT IT MAY 
CONSCI\SLY DEVELOP ITS 9H]5T P[]S & PROCE$1 ?R\< $UCATION1 
DISCIPL9E & PRESSURE1 TO ! CONSUMMATION ( ITS MANIFE/ HI< 
DE/9Y4 
   

,A FUNDAM5TAL ADVANTAGE ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ME?OD ( 
ORGANIZATION IS ! FACT ?AT SU* ORGANIZATION ALL[S ! USE ( ?OSE 
TACTICS :I* >E PECULI>LY & *>ACT]I/ICALLY PROLET>IAN & 
P]MITS IT TO GO DIRECTLY T[>DS ! OBJECT ( PROLET>IAN ATTACK4 ,ALL 
%IELDS & SUBT]FUGES >E ?R[N ASIDE--! PROLET>IAT RESI/S 9 ITS 
[N PROP] P]SON & WAGES ! CLASS W> OP5LY UPON ! ECONOMIC 
FIELD1 ! ONLY PLACE :]E EXPLOITATION OCCURS4 
   

,! DUAL 
SLOGAN ( ! PROLET>IAT1 0AN 9JURY TO ONE IS AN 9JURY TO ALL0 & 
0WORK+M5 ( ALL C\NTRIES--UNITE10 MEANS SOME?+ :5 UTT]$ BY AN 
,9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,UNIT$ UPON ! ECONOMIC FIELD & )\T 
HOLY CONTRACTS1 ONE PORTION ( ! WORK]S CANNOT BE US$ TO DEFEAT 
ANO!R PORTION :5 ! /RUGGLE BECOMES ACUTE4 ,EASE ( 9ITIATION & 
REASONABLE DUES >E AN 9DUCEM5T TO ALL WORK]S1 TO JO9--NO WORK] 
%\LD EV] BE AN 9DU/RIAL \TCA/4 ,! FREE & CLOSE ASSOCIATION ( 
ALL WORK]S1 !IR DISCUSSION & COOP]ATION = MUTUAL ECONOMIC & 
SOCIAL PURPOSES1 T5D TO BREAK D[N ! ANCI5T CRAFT1 NATIONAL & 
RACE ANTAGONISMS4 ,! UNIV]SAL FREE TRANSF] C>D 5ABLES ! READY 
ADJU/M5T ( LABOR TO 9DU/RIAL CONDITIONS1 & CONTRIBUTES 9 ! 
HI<E/ DEGREE TO P]FECT+ ! FLUIDITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 
,FUR!RMORE1 AMONG ! /UD5TS ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! OP9ION IS 
COM+ MORE & MORE TO BE HELD ?AT ! CULM9ATION ( ! /RUGGLE 
WILL BE ! ,SOCIAL ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 OR AT LEA/ A ?REAT ( ! SAME1 
& ! 9DU/RIAL ME?OD SEEMS TO BE ! ONLY ONE ?AT CAN PROP]LY 
M>%AL1 DRILL & DISCIPL9E ! WORK]S = ?AT EV5T4 
   

,! MUTUAL ECONOMIC 9T]E/S1 ! DAILY ASSOCIATION1 ! COMMON EXP]I5CES ( ! SOCIAL CONFLICT1 MU/ SURELY DEVELOP ?AT SOLID>ITY 
)\T :I* ! PROLET>IAT MAY /RUGGLE 9 VA91 BUT ) :I* IT 
MU/ 9EVITABLY ASS]T ITS SUPREMACY4 ,ORGANIZ$ AT FIR/ UPON ! 
\TSIDE1 IT MU/ EV5TUALLY MOVE ! UNION MEET+ PLACE 9TO ! %OP 
& FUNCTION !RE1 PRODUC+ & DI/RIBUT+ ! LIV+ ( ! WORLD4 
   

,LIKE 
! BIRD 9 ! EGG1 ! PHYSICAL PORTION ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,DEMOCRACY 
ALREADY EXI/S )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,! L&S1 ! 
TOOLS1 & ! MA*9]Y ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION >E WELL NI< 
P]FECT1 & A WORK+ POPULATION TRA9$ 9 ! PROCESSES ( 9DU/RY 
FUNCTIONS AT ! MA*9ES4 ,! QUICK5+ ( ?IS MASS 9TO LIFE IS ! 
NEXT NECESS>Y /EP4 ,AN AWAK5$ ,SOCIAL ,CONSCI5CE1 A REALIZATION ( 
P[]1 & A DESIRE = TRUE ECONOMIC FRE$OM MU/ BR+ AB\T ! 
GREAT *ANGE4 
   

,E>?WIDE 9 ! SCOPE ( ITS ACTIVITIES1 
,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONISM PO9TS TO A NEW CIVILIZATION :]E ! =CES ( 
PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION WILL BE NICELY ADJU/$ & 
CO-ORD9AT$--:]E ?OSE :O LABOR WILL 5JOY--:]E *ILDHOOD WILL BE 
FREE--:]E MANHOOD WILL BE SECURE--:]E AGE WILL RE/ 9 PEACE--:]E 
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