,! ,AM]ICAN ,LABOR ,YE> ,BOOK1 #a#i#a#i-#b 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,TRA*T5B]G 

,TEXT 3 

  

 ,FROM ,ALEX&] ,TRA*T5B]G1 $41 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,LABOR ,YE> ,BOOK1 #a#i#a#i-#b 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,R& ,S*OOL ( ,SOCIAL ,SCI5CE1 #a#i#b71 PP4 #a#i#a-#a#i#i4 
   
   

,AL?\< 
! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 #aie & 5GAG$ 
9 A NUMB] ( IMPORTANT /RIKES 9 ! EI<T YE>S FOLL[+1 IT 
REALLY BECAME AN IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 #a#i#a#d1 = AT ?IS TIME A NEW 
DET]M9ATION MANIFE/$ ITSELF AMONG ! MIGRATORY WORK]S TO RETA9 
SOME ( ! GOOD ?+S !Y HAD CREAT$4 ,= AB\T ONE YE> ?IS 
ACTIVITY WAS CONF9$ TO ! AGRICULTURAL WORK]S1 WORK+ 9 ! :EAT 
FIELDS ( ! MIDDLE WE/1 BUT QUICKLY SPREAD AMONG O!R MIGRATORY 
WORK]S1 MA9LY ! LUMB] WORK]S1 M9]S1 & CON/RUCTION WORK]S4 
,! MEMB]%IP 9CREAS$ /EADILY & AT ! TIME ( ! ,T5? 
,CONV5TION IT NUMB]$ #d14  
   

,AT ! ,T5? ,CONV5TION ! 
=M ( ORGANIZATION WAS MAT]IALLY *ANG$4 ,?IS *ANGE BR\<T AB\T 
! ABOLITION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION & MADE ! UNIT ( 
ORGANIZATION ! 9DU/RIAL UNION ) BRAN*ES & ! ,G5]AL 
,RECRUIT+ ,UNION1 9/EAD ( LOCALS4  
   

,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S 
( ! ,WORLD CONT9U$ TO GR[ & 9 ,MAY #a#i#a#g1 ! ,LUMB] ,WORK]S 9 
! ,NOR?WE/ HAD APPROXIMATELY #c1 MEMB]S2 ! ,METAL ,M9E ,WORK]S 
?R\<-\T ! ,ROCKY ,M\NTA9 REGION & ON ! ,IRON ,RANGE ( 
,M9NESOTA & ,MI*IGAN1 #d12 ! ,AGRICULTURAL ,WORK]S NUMB]$ 
#b#d12 ! ,CON/RUCTION ,WORK]S #a#e12 O!R 9DU/RIAL UNIONS & 
! ,G5]AL ,RECRUIT+ ,UNION1 TOGE!R ) LOCALS NOT TRANSF]R$ 9TO 
9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 NUMB]$ AB\T #a14  
   

,9 ! E>LY 
SPR+ ( #aiag A NUMB] ( SMALL /RIKES OCCURR$ AMONG ! LOGG]S ( 
,IDAHO & ,EA/]N ,WA%+TON4 ,!SE /RIKES W]E REPEAT$ UNTIL AB\T 
! #a ( ,JUNE4 ,TWO-?IRDS ( ! LUMB] WORK]S ( ,IDAHO1 ,MONTANA1 & 
,EA/]N ,WA%+TON W]E \T & ! /RIKE HAD SPREAD TO ! EA/]N 
SLOPE ( ! ,CASCADES 9 ,WA%+TON4 ,IT WAS AT ?IS TIME ?AT A S]IES 
( P]SECUTIONS />T$ :I* CONT9U$ ?R\<\T ! W>4 ,TWO CAMPS 
( ! #cRD ,OREGON ,9FANTRY W]E S5T TO ,CLE ,ELUM & !Y R\ND$ UP 
ALL ! PICKETS1 ?REW !M 9TO ! /OCKADE AT ,ELL5SBURG1 ,WA%41 
:]E !Y W]E HELD = MON?S )\T *>GES BE+ PLAC$ AGA9/ 
!M4  
   

,SOLDI]S W]E S5T TO MANY PO9TS 9 ,WA%+TON & 
,IDAHO :]E ! SAME ?+ OCCURR$4 ,9 ! MEANTIME ! /RIKE HAD 
SPREAD 9TO ! RI* TIMB] BELT ( ,PUGET ,S\ND & BY ,JULY #a#e1 #a#i#a#g1 
#e1 LUMB] WORK]S W]E ON /RIKE1 !IR DEM&S BE+ A BASIC 
EI<T-H\R DAY & SANIT>Y CAMP CONDITIONS4  
   

,ON ,JUNE #a#b1 
#a#i#a#g1 #a#d1 M9]S 9 ! CITY ( ,BUTTE1 ,MONT41 W5T ON /RIKE 
FOLL[+ ! LOSS ( TWO HUNDR$ & SIXTY LIVES 9 A FIRE 9 ! 
,SPECULATOR ,M9E4 ,! /RIKE WAS PR9CIPALLY = ! ABOLITION ( ! 
,BLACKLI/ & = UNION CONTROL ( SAFETY APPLIANCES UND]GR\ND4 ,?IS 
/RIKE WAS CALL$ & CONDUCT$ JO9TLY BY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 & ! 
,9DEP5D5T ,M9]S' ,UNION ( ?AT CITY4 ,! /RIKE WAS1 H[EV]1 TAK5 
UP BY ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 M9]S 9 ,>IZONA1 :]E #b#d1 M9]S W5T \T4  
   

,ON 
,JULY #a NE>LY A HUNDR$ M9]S AT ,J]OME1 ,>IZ41 W]E TAK5 FROM !IR 
HOMES E>LY 9 ! MORN+ BY ! SO-CALL$ 0,LOYALTY ,LEAGUE40 ,!Y W]E 
LOAD$ ON CATTLE C>S4 ,! TRA9 WAS HEAD$ T[>DS ,CALI=NIA BUT WAS 
TURN$ BACK AT ! /ATE L9E BY ! (FICIALS ( ?AT /ATE4 ,! M5 
W]E !N TAK5 TO ,PRESCOTT1 ,>IZ41 :]E !Y W]E HELD 9 JAIL ?REE 
WEEKS BE=E !Y W]E RELEAS$4 
   

   ,! ,B,I,S,B,E,E ,D,E,P,O,R,T,A,T,I,O,N 
   
   

,AT 
,BISBEE1 ,>IZ41 AT FIVE O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+ ( ,JULY #a#b1 #b1 COMPANY 
(FICIALS1 GUNM51 BUS9ESSM51 ETC41 >M$ ) RIFLES1 SIMIL>LY 
DRAGG$ #a1#b /RIK]S & SYMPA?IZ]S FROM !IR B$S & COMPELL$ 
!M TO M>* MILES TO ,L[ELL1 & NEI<BOR+ T[NS4 ,!Y W]E F9ALLY 
CORRALL$ 9TO A BALL P>K AT ,L[ELL1 UNTIL A TRA9 ( CATTLE C>S WAS 
MADE UP4 ,! M9]S W]E =C$ 9TO ! C>S AMID RIOT+1 9 :I* 
ONE MAN1 A /RIK]1 WAS KILL$4 ,! TRA9 WAS S5T ?R\< ! DES]T 
& F9ALLY TAK5 *>GE ( BY ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES SOLDI]S 5CAMP$ AT 
,COLUMBUS1 ,N4 ,M4  
   

,H]E !Y /AY$ = ?REE MON?S1 BE+ 
FURNI%$ >MY RATIONS1 WAIT+ = ! ,GOV]NM5T TO GIVE !M 
PROTECTION 9 RETURN+ TO ,BISBEE4 ,?IS ! GOV]NM5T /EADFA/LY 
REFUS$ TO DO1 & F9ALLY1 :5 ! >MY RATIONS W]E CUT (F1 ! 
CAMP BROKE UP4 ,SOME ( ! M5 DRIFT$ BACK TO ,BISBEE :]E !Y W]E 
PROMPTLY >RE/$4 ,O!RS SCATT]$ TO DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 
   

   ,! ,C,A,M,P,A,I,G,N ,( ,P,],S,E,C,U,T,I,O,N 
   
   

,ON 
,AUGU/ #a1 #a#i#a#g1 ,FRANK ,LITTLE1 A MEMB] ( ! ,G5]AL ,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D1 
WAS KIDNAPP$ BY COMPANY GUNM5 E>LY 9 ! MORN+1 TAK5 TO A 
RAILROAD TRE/LE & HANG$4  
   

,! PRESS ( ! 5TIRE C\NTRY 
/>T$ AT ?IS TIME A CAMPAIGN ( LIES & VILIFICATIONS1 ! KEYNOTE 
( :I* WAS 0,CRU% ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W40 ,9 ALL PRESS DISPAT*ES WEIRD /ORIES 
W]E CONCOCT$1 ALLEG+ ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 TO BE CUT?ROATS1 \TLAWS1 & 9 
! PAY ( ! ,G]MAN ,GOV]NM5T4 ,:E!R OR NOT ANY CR$5CE WAS GIV5 
TO !SE /ORIES 9 (FICIAL CIRCLES1 WE DO NOT KN[4 ,AT ANY RATE 
P]SECUTIONS />T$ ALL OV] ! C\NTRY AT ! SAME TIME AS ! 
/ORIES APPE>$4  
   

,ON ,SEPTEMB] #e ALMO/ EV]Y HALL 9 ! 
C\NTRY OCCUPI$ BY ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD WAS RAID$1 & 
ALL LIT]ATURE1 & 9 MANY CASES ALL (FICE FIXTURES1 SEIZ$4 ,?IS WAS 
FOLL[$ BY ! >RE/1 A FEW DAYS LAT]1 ( MO/ ( ! (FICIALS ( 
! ORGANIZATION4 ,A GR& JURY WAS HA/ILY CALL$ 9 ,*ICAGO & ONE 
HUNDR$ & SIXTY-SIX MEMB]S1 9CLUD+ NE>LY ALL ( ! (FICIALS1 
W]E 9DICT$4 ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #bh EV]Y HALL WAS AGA9 RAID$ & MANY 
MEMB]S >RE/$4  
   

,!N FOLL[$ A S]IES ( P]SECUTIONS 
UNEQUAL$ 9 ! ANNALS ( LABOR4 ,9 ! ,NOR?WE/ ! LUMB] WORK]S' 
/RIKE WAS /ILL 9 PROGRESS1 & ! EMPLOY]S US$ EV]Y MEANS AT 
!IR COMM& TO BREAK UP ! ORGANIZATION4 ,9 ! FOLL[+ SIX MON?S 
MORE ?AN ONE ?\S& MEMB]S W]E >RE/$ ON V>I\S PRETEXTS1 MO/ 
( !M BE+ HELD = TWO OR ?REE MON?S )\T EV5 A *>GE BE+ 
PLAC$ AGA9/ !M4 ,ESPECIALLY WAS ?IS TRUE ( ! ALI5 MEMB]S ( 
! ORGANIZATION :O W]E >RE/$ & TURN$ OV] TO ! ,IMMIGRATION 
AU?ORITIES & HELD = DEPORTATION4 ,SOME HAVE BE5 HELD = MORE ?AN 
A YE>1 & FEW1 IF ANY1 HAVE BE5 DEPORT$4  
   

,/>T+ AB\T 
,AUGU/ #a1 #a#i#a#g1 ! LUMB] WORK]S ADOPT$ NEW TACTICS4 ,! /RIKE WAS 
C>RI$ TO ! JOB4 ,M5 W\LD GO TO WORK AS USUAL & AFT] EI<T H\RS 
( WORK W\LD WALK 9 A BODY TO ! CAMP4 ,IF ONE OR MORE ( !IR 
NUMB] W]E DIS*>G$1 ! RE/ ( ! CREW QUIT1 & ! NEXT CREW 
W\LD BE SURE TO DO ! SAME ?+4 ,9EXP]I5C$ LUMB]M5 HAD TO BE 
%[N H[ TO PLACE A 0*OK]0 & DID NOT KN[ H[ TO H&LE A SAW4 
,NE$LESS TO SAY !SE TACTICS SECUR$ ! EI<T-H\R DAY & A FEW 
MON?S LAT] BLANKETS & B$S W]E 9-/ALL$4 ,?IS LATT] IMPROVEM5T 
9 CONDITIONS WAS SECUR$ BY ! M5 BY SIMPLY REFUS+ TO C>RY !IR 
[N BLANKETS ) !M ON ! JOB1 AS HAD BE5 ! CU/OM = YE>S4  
   

,! 
RAIDS ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY ON ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 HALLS DID NOT HAVE ! 
DESIR$ EFFECT1 = MANY ( ! HALLS W]E OP5$ SOON AFT]4 ,! 
,CON/RUCTION ,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION HAD REORGANIZ$ & A CONV5TION 
WAS CALL$ 9 ,OMAHA1 ,NEBR41 ON ,NOVEMB] #a#c1 #a#i#a#g4 ,! CONV5TION WAS 
RAID$ ! FIR/ DAY IT WAS 9 SESSION & ALL ATT5D+ DELEGATES1 
NUMB]+ =TY-SEV51 W]E >RE/$4 ,MO/ ( ! M5 W]E HELD = 
MON?S BE-=E !Y W]E 9DICT$4 ,A NUMB] ( ?OSE ORIG9ALLY 
>RE/$ W]E RELEAS$ = V>I\S REASONS1 MO/LY TO RESPOND TO ! 
DRAFT CALL4 ,! RE/ W]E HELD UNTIL ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#a#h1 :5 !Y W]E 
RELEAS$ ON BONDS4  
   

,DUR+ ! W9T] ( #a#i#a#g-#a#h MANY 
\TRAGE\S ACTS W]E COMMITT$ UPON MEMB]S ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,LOCAL 
SECRET>IES W]E T>R$ & FEA!R$4 ,9 ,TULSA1 ,OKLA41 ON ,NOVEMB] #e1 
#a#i#a#g1 ELEV5 MEMB]S W]E >RE/$1 TAK5 TO JAIL & ?AT NI<T TAK5 
A FEW MILES \T ( ! CITY & T>R$ & FEA!R$4 ,!IR CLO!S 
W]E TAK5 FROM !M & BURN$1 & 9 ?IS CONDITION ! M5 W]E 
=C$ TO WALK UNTIL MORN+ BE=E RELIEF C\LD BE F\ND4  
   

,9 
,R$ ,LODGE1 ,MONT41 ON ,NOVEMB] #a#g1 #a#i#a#g1 TWO ,F9NI% COAL M9]S1 
MEMB]S ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 W]E TAK5 TO ! BASEM5T ( ! ,C\RT ,H\SE 
& QUE/ION$ AS TO !IR MEMB]%IP 9 ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 & ALSO ASK$ TO 
GIVE 9=MATION AS TO :O ! O!R MEMB]S ( ! ORGANIZATION W]E 
9 ?AT CITY4 ,:5 !Y REFUS$ TO GIVE ?IS 9=MATION !Y W]E 
HANG$ BY ! NECK & LA%$ ) A 0BLACKSNAKE0 UNTIL BLOOD =M$ 9 
POOLS AT !IR FEET4 
   

   ,! ,*,I,C,A,G,O ,T,R,I,A,L 
   
   

,9 
,*ICAGO1 :]E PREP>ATIONS W]E BE+ MADE = ! TRIAL ( (FICIALS 
& MEMB]S :O HAD BE5 GA!R$ 9 ! ,SEPTEMB] RAIDS1 LOCAL & 
F$]AL AU?ORITIES 9T]F]$ 9 EV]Y POSSIBLE WAY4 ,MAIL WAS BE+ 
HELD UP & MANY IMPORTANT MEMB]S ( ! DEF5SE COMMITTEE W]E 
>RE/$4 ,DEF5SE (FICES ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY W]E RAID$4 ,FUNDS1 
FIXTURES1 & MAIL W]E CONFISCAT$ & P]SECUTIONS CONT9U$ ALL 
?R\< ! SPR+ ( #aiah & ?R\<\T ! TRIAL4 ,WITNESSES = ! 
DEF5SE W]E 9TIMIDAT$ & MANY O!R ACTS COMMITT$ TO PREV5T ! 
DEF5SE FROM PROP]LY PRES5T+ ! CASE4 ,A V]DICT ( 0,GUILTY0 WAS 
RETURN$ ON ,AUGU/ #a#g1 #a#i#a#h1 & N9ETY-FIVE ( ?OSE >RE/$ W]E 
S5T5C$ TO T]MS RANG+ FROM T5 DAYS TO TW5TY YE>S4 ,N9ETY-?REE 
( \R MEMB]S >E N[ S]V+ S5T5CES AT ,LEAV5WOR? P5IT5TI>Y4  
   

,IMM$IATELY 
AFT] ! S5T5C+ ( !SE M5 A BOMB WAS EXPLOD$ 9 ! ,ADAMS ,/4 
5TRANCE TO ! ,F$]AL ,BUILD+ 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,EV]Y KN[N MEMB] ( ! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 9 ! CITY WAS >RE/$ & QUE/ION$4 ,SEV]AL ( ! 
(FICIALS W]E HELD = MORE ?AN A WEEK & TWO MEMB]S1 ,J4 ,W4 ,WILSON 
& ,T>O ,YO%IH>I1 W]E HELD AS SUSPECTS = AB\T TWO & ONE-HALF 
MON?S4  
   

,IT WAS AT ?IS TIME ?AT ! ORGANIZATION REA*$ 
ITS L[E/ EBB4 ,UPON ! RELEASE ( ! !N ACT+ (FICIALS 
ORGANIZATION ACTIVITIES 9CREAS$4 
   

   ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,P,U,B,L,I,C,A,T,I,O,N,S 
   
   

,! 
,I4 ,W4 ,W4 PRESS IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR 9 ! ORGANIZATION4 ,BE=E ! 
P]SECUTIONS !RE W]E SEV5 =EIGN LANGUAGE PAP]S 9 ! FIELD & 
TWO ,5GLI% PAP]S4 ,BESIDES ! NEWSPAP]S AB\T TW5TY-FIVE PAMPHLETS 
( 9DU/RIAL UNION PROPAG&A W]E PUBLI%$4 ,A TEMPOR>Y SET-BACK WAS 
EXP]I5C$ BY ALL ! PAP]S FOLL[+ ! ,SEPTEMB] RAIDS1 BUT IT WAS 
NOT UNTIL AFT] SECOND-CLASS MAIL+ PRIVILEGES W]E D5I$ !M1 ?AT 
! MAJORITY ( ! PAP]S CEAS$ PUBLICATION4 ,ATTEMPTS W]E MADE TO 
KEEP !M 9 ! FIELD AS LONG AS POSSIBLE1 & ALL SORTS ( SUBT]FUGE 
WAS RESORT$ TO 9 ORD] TO GET !M \T AT ALL4 ,H[-EV]1 AT ! 
PRES5T TIME1 AL?\< ?IRD-CLASS MAIL+ PRIVILEGE IS ALL ?AT IS 
ALL[$1 ! PAP]S >E BE+ />T$ UP AGA9 & WE HAVE EI<T 
=EIGN PAP]S 9 ! FIELD & F\R ,5GLI% PAP]S NAMELY3 ,SW$I%1 ,NYA ,V>LD52 ,SPANI%1 ,LA ,NUEVA ,SOLID>IDAD2 ,HUNG>IAN1 ,FELSZABADULAS2 ,RUSSIAN1 ,GOLOS ,TRUZ5IKA2 ,JEWI%1 ,D] ,9DU/RIAL ,>BEIT]3 ,ITALIAN1 ,IL ,NUEVO ,PROLET>IO2 ,5GLI%1 ,! ,NEW ,SOLID>ITY2 ,! ,ONE ,BIG ,UNION ,MON?,IY"972  ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONI/1 ,SEATTLE1 ,WA%42 ,! ,REBEL ,WORK]1 ,NEW ,YORK2 ,D] ,KLASS5KAMPF--,JEWI%4 
,9 ADDITION TO !SE PAP]S1 F\R PAMPHLETS DEAL+ DIRECTLY ) ! 
,*ICAGO TRIAL1 HAVE BE5 PUBLI%$ S9CE ! CLOSE ( ! TRIAL4  
   

   ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N ,& ,M,E,M,B,],%,I,P 
   
   

,! 
ORGANIZATION IS N[ COMPOS$ ( TWELVE 9DU/RIAL UNIONS1 ! ,G5]AL 
,RECRUIT+ ,UNION1 & A FEW LOCALS ?AT HAVE NOT BE5 =M$ 9TO 
9DU/RIAL UNIONS AS YET4  
   

,! ,G5]AL ,RECRUIT+ ,UNION1 ) TWELVE BRAN*ES1 HAS AB\T #d1 MEMB]S4  
   

,! 
,METAL ,M9E ,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ,NO4 #h1 ) APPROXIMATELY FIVE 
OP5 BRAN*ES & A L>GE NUMB] ( FIELD DELEGATES1 HAS AB\T #ae 
MEMB]S4 ,! HEADQU>T]S ( ?IS 9DU/RIAL UNION IS AT ,BUTTE1 ,MONT4  
   

,! 
,CON/RUCTION ,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ,NO4 #e#g#c1 ) ! SAME NUMB] ( 
BRAN*ES1 & HEADQU>T]S AT ,*ICAGO1 ,ILL41 HAS A MEMB]%IP ( AB\T 
#e14  
   

,! ,AGRICULTURAL ,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ,NO4 #d 
HAS BUT A FEW BRAN*ES4 ,H[EV]1 AS ?IS 9DU/RIAL UNION IS COMPRIS$ 
( MIGRATORY WORK]S1 A L>GE NUMB] ( DELEGATES TRAVEL FROM PLACE TO 
PLACE & V]Y FEW /ATION>Y BRAN*ES >E =M$4 ,!RE >E ?REE 
C5TRAL PO9TS & ! HEADQU>T]S IS AT ,*ICAGO4 ,?IS UNION HAS 
APPROXIMATELY #f1 MEMB]S4  
   

,! ,LUMB] ,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL 
,UNION ,NO4 #e1 ) HEAD-QU>T]S AT ,PORTL&1 ,ORE41 WAS AT ONE TIME 
! /RONGE/ BRAN* ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,BE=E ! P]SECUTIONS1 />T+ 
9 ! FALL ( #a#i#a#g1 ! MEMB]%IP TOTAL$ BETWE5 =TY & FIFTY 
?\S&4 ,! ADV5T ( ! ,F\R ,L'S1 A GOV]NM5T ORGANIZATION 
ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,SPRUCE ,PRODUCTION ,CORPS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ,>MY1 
MADE GREAT 9ROADS ?R\< ! USE ( V>I\S TACTICS4 ,! >RE/ ( 
EV]YONE F\ND C>RY+ AN ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 C>D FOLL[$4 ,H[EV]1 AT ! 
PRES5T TIME1 ! RATE ( 9CREASE 9 ! MEMB]-%IP ( ,NO4 #e IS 
GREAT] ?AN ! DECREASE1 & ! MEMB]%IP IS N[ E/IMAT$ AT 
#b14  
   

,! ,METAL & ,MA*9]Y ,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION 
,NO4 #c1 ) HEADQU>T]S AT ,*ICAGO1 COMPOS$ L>GELY ( SKILL$ 
ME*ANICS1 NEV] EXCE$$ AT ANY TIME TWO TO ?REE ?\S& MEMB]S4 
,MANY UNSKILL$ WORK]S FROM ! L>GE /EEL MILLS & MANUFACTUR+ 
PLANTS1 :I* BEGAN LAY+ (F M5 AS SOON AS ! >MI/ICE WAS SIGN$ 
& W> CONTRACTS CANCEL$1 >E N[ COM+ 9TO ?IS UNION1 & ! 
,METAL & ,MA*9]Y ,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION PROMISES TO BECOME A V]Y 
P[]FUL FACTOR 9 ! FUTURE ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,!IR MEMB]%IP CAN 
SAFELY BE E/IMAT$ AT #d14  
   

,!RE >E APPROXIMATELY #b1 
RAILROAD M5 ORGANIZ$ 9TO ! ,RAILROAD ,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ,NO4 
#f1 ! HEADQU>T]S ( :I* UNION IS ALSO AT ,*ICAGO4 ,! GR[? ( 
?IS UNION IS V]Y RAPID CONSID]+ ! CONS]VATIVE ELEM5T EMPLOY$ 
9 ?IS 9DU/RY4  
   

,! ,HOTEL1 ,RE/AURANT1 & ,DOME/IC 
,WORK]S' ,UNION1 AN 9DU/RY :I* IS L>GELY ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,A4 ,F4 ( 
,L41 IS ALSO MAK+ GOOD PROGRESS4 ,! MEMB]%IP ( ?IS UNION IS 
E/IMAT$ AT #a11 & IS COMPOS$ MO/LY ( H\SEHOLD WORK]S & ( 
SOME ( ! L[] PAID WORK]S 9 HOTELS & RE/AURANTS4  
   

,! 
,M>9E ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S' ,UNION ,NO4 #a ON ! ,ATLANTIC ,COA/1 & ,NO4 
#g ON ! ,PACIFIC ,COA/1 HAVE FLUCTUAT$ WIDELY 9 MEMB]%IP4 ,! 
9CREASE 9 MEMB]%IP 9 ?IS 9DU/RY DUR+ ! LA/ MON? OR TWO 
HAS BE5 REM>KABLE1 & ! FUTURE HOLDS GREAT PROMISE4 ,! MEMB]%IP 
( EA* UNION IS AB\T #b14  
   

,! ,%IP ,BUILD]S' ,UNION ON 
! ,PACIFIC ,COA/ WAS =M$ DUR+ ! W> & IS L>GELY A W> 
9DU/RY4 ,! MEMB]%IP ( ?IS UNION NUMB]$ AB\T #a1 BE=E ! 
CLOS+ ( ! HALL 9 ,SEATTLE4 ,! PRES5T MEMB]%IP IS H>D TO 
E/IMATE1 BUT ! REPORTS %[ ?AT IT HAS NOT FALL5 (F TO ANY GREAT 
EXT5T4  
   

,A L>GE NUMB] ( NEW MEMB]S HAVE BE5 TAK5 9 S9CE ! CLOSE ( ! W>4  
   

,TEXTILE 
,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ,NO4 #a1 ) HEADQU>T]S AT ,PAT]SON1 ,N4 
,J41 HAS A MEMB]%IP ( AB\T #a14 ,GREAT /RIDES HAVE BE5 MADE 9 
?IS 9DU/RY REC5TLY1 SEV]AL NEW BRAN*ES HAV+ BE5 =M$ 9 ! 
,NEW ,5GL& /ATES4  
   

,! LATE/ ADDITION TO ! 9DU/RIAL 
UNIONS ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 IS ! ,PR9T+ & ,PUBLI%+ ,WORK]S' 
,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ,NO4 #a#b1 REC5TLY ORGANIZ$ 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY4  
   

,!RE 
>E P]HAPS SIX OR EI<T LOCAL UNIONS ?AT HAVE NEV] BE5 TRANSF]R$ 
TO 9DU/RIAL UNIONS4 ,?IS IS L>GELY DUE TO ! FACT ?AT ! 
P]SECUTIONS & >RE/S />T$ AB\T ! TIME ?AT RE-ORGANIZATION 
WAS TAK+ PLACE4 ,! L>GE/ ( !SE IS ,LOCAL #h1 ( ! ,M>9E 
,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S1 9 ,PHILADELPHIA4 ,?IS LOCAL HAS A MEMB]%IP ( 
#e14 ,! O!R LOCALS1 MA9LY 9 ! ,NOR!A/1 HAVE A TOTAL 
MEMB]%IP ( AB\T #b11 & >E COMPRIS$ L>GELY ( M>BLE WORK]S1 
BAK]S1 RUBB] WORK]S1 & SOME TEXTILE WORK]S4  
   

,AT ! 
PRES5T TIME ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 IS UND]GO+ A P]IOD ( REORGANIZATION & 
ITS (FICIALS >E TEMPOR>Y4 ,H[EV]1 !SE CIRCUM/ANCES WILL 9 NO 
WAY 9T]F]E ) ! PRES5T GR[? ( ! ORGANIZATION & !RE IS 
EV]Y 9DICATION ?AT ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 WILL BE1 )9 A %ORT TIME1 ! 
MO/ P[]FUL UNION ( WORK]S ! WORLD HAS EV] KN[N4  
   

   ,! ,C,O,N,/,I,T,U,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4  
   
   

,! 
CON/ITUTION ITSELF HAS UND]GONE V]Y FEW *ANGES S9CE IT WAS DRAWN 
UP 9 #a#i#e4 ,P]HAPS ! MO/ RADICAL *ANGE WAS MADE AT ! ,T5? 
,ANNUAL ,CONV5TION1 9 #a#i#a#f4 ,ORIG9ALLY ! :OLE /RUCTURE & PLAN ( 
! ORGANIZATION C\LD BE SUMM$ UP AS FOLL[S3 ,! UNIT ( 
ORGANIZATION WAS ! LOCAL UNION1 & 9 EA* DI/RICT OR T]RITORY 
:]E FIVE LOCAL UNIONS EXI/$ A DI/RICT C\NCIL WAS =M$4 ,AN 
UNLIMIT$ NUMB] ( LOCALS1 ) A M9IMUM MEMB]%IP ( #c11 
H[EV]1 C\LD =M A ,NATIONAL ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION4 ,TWO OR MORE ,NATIONAL 
,9DU/RIAL ,UNIONS =M$ A DEP>TM5T4  
   

,! ,CON/ITUTION 
TO-DAY1 AS *ANG$ AT ! ,T5? ,ANNUAL ,CONV5TION1 PROVIDES ?AT ! 
UNIT ( ORGANIZATION IS AN 9DU/RIAL UNION4 ,EA* 9DU/RIAL UNION IS 
TO HAVE ITS [N BY-LAWS TO COV] ITS [N 9DU/RY & TO ORGANIZE 
BRAN*ES 9 ITS [N 9DU/RY4 ,!IR JURISDICTION HAS NO LIMIT4 ,FIVE OR 
MORE BRAN*ES 9 ANY GIV5 LOCALITY MAY =M AN 9DU/RIAL UNION 
DI/RICT C\NCIL1 ?IS TO S]VE PRACTICALLY ! SAME PURPOSE AS ! 
=M] LOCAL DI/RICT C\NCIL1 & MI<T BE COMP>$ TO A ,C5TRAL ,LABOR 
,C\NCIL ( ! ,A4 ,F4 ( ,L4 ,H[EV]1 ! COMPON5T P>TS >E MORE 
CLOSELY ALLI$4 ,AL?\< ! CON/ITUTION PROVIDES = 9DU/RIAL 
DEP>TM5TS1 UP TO ! PRES5T TIME1 NO SU* DEP>TM5T HAS BE5 
=M$4  
   

,! CON/ITUTION ALSO CALLS = A ,G5]AL ,RECRUIT+ 
,UNION1 :I* TAKES 9 WORK]S 9 9DU/RIES NOT HAV+ 5\< MEMB]S 
TO =M AN 9DU/RIAL UNION ( !IR [N4  
   

,! (FIC]S 
PROVID$ = BY ! ,CON/ITUTION >E ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y-,TREASUR]1 & A 
,G5]AL ,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D COMPOS$ ( SEV5 MEMB]S4 ,!SE >E ALL ! 
NATIONAL (FIC]S PROVID$ =4 ,EA* ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION PROVIDES = ITS 
[N (FIC]S SOME:AT ON ! SAME G5]AL PLAN2 A G5]AL 
SECRET>Y-TREASUR] & AN ,ORGANIZATION ,COMMITTEE ( FIVE MEMB]S4 ,EA* 
BRAN* ( AN 9DU/RIAL UNION ELECTS ITS SECRET>Y & A LOCAL 
,ORGANIZATION ,COMMITTEE4 ,H[EV]1 ! REGUL> (FICIALS 9 ! DIFF]5T 
9DU/RIAL UNIONS MAY DIFF] SLI<TLY4  
   

,SOME ( ! 
\T/&+ FEATURES ( ! CON/ITUTION >E ?AT NONE BUT WAGE WORK]S 
>E ELIGIBLE TO MEMB]%IP 2 ALSO ?AT NO (FIC] ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 MAY 
RUN = ANY POLITICAL (FICE )\T P]MISSION GRANT$ ?R\< A 
REF]5DUM ( ! 5TIRE ORGANIZATION2 & A FREE TRANSF] SY/EM--?AT 
IS1 ANY MEMB] BELONG+ TO ONE 9DU/RIAL UNION IS ALL[$ TO TRANSF] 
9TO ANY O!R 9DU/RIAL UNION )\T PAY+ AN ADDITIONAL FEE4  
   

,! 
,CON/ITUTION ALSO FIXES ! 9ITIATION FEE AT A MAXIMUM ( @s#e44 
,PROVISIONS >E ALSO MADE = ! MON?LY DUES1 ! P] CAPITA TO HE 
PAID TO ,G5]AL ,HEADQU>T]S & ! DISPOSITION TO HE MADE !RE(1 
TOGE!R ) O!R M9OR MATT]S 9 CONNECTION !RE)4  
   

   ,R,E,L,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,T,O ,O,!,R ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,& ,E,C,O,N,O,M,I,C ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,A,T,I,O,N,S  
   
   

,IT 
CAN BE /AT$ ?AT ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 /&S BY ITSELF 9 ITS RELATION TO 
O!R POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS 9ASMU* AS IT RECOGNIZES 
! CLASS /RUGGLE & IS REVOLUTION>Y 9 *>ACT]4 ,:ILE NOT 
RECOGNIZ+ ! NECESSITY = POLITICAL ACTION1 IT IS NONPOLITICAL 
RA!R ?AN ANTI-POLITICAL4 ,! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 IS NOT DEF9ITELY OPPOS$ TO 
POLITICAL ACTION1 BUT IT DOES NOT RECOGNIZE IT AS A FUNDAM5TAL FACTOR 
9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4  
   

    

,P,E,T,] ,/,O,N,E1  
,ACT+ ,SECRET>Y-,TREASUR]1 ,I4 ,W4 ,W4  
    

  
   
   

   ,E,L,E,V,5,? ,A,N,N,U,A,L ,C,O,N,V,5,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,9,D,U,/,R,I,A,L ,W,O,R,K,],S ,( ,! ,W,O,R,L,D  
   
   

,9 
MANY RESPECTS ! #a#a? ,ANNUAL ,CONV5TION ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W41 HELD AT 
,*ICAGO ,MAY #e-#a#f1 #a#i#a#i1 WAS ! MO/ REM>KABLE 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! 
ORGANIZATION4 ,EM]G+ FROM TWO YE>S ( SY/EMATIC P]SECUTION1 ! ,I4 
,W4 ,W4 HELD ITS MO/ SUCCESSFUL CONV5TION1 ) MORE DELEGATES PRES5T1 
) A GREAT] SPIRIT ( SOLID>ITY2 & =MULAT$ A MORE ?OR\< & 
CONCRETE PLAN ( ORGANIZATION ?AN WAS POSSIBLE 9 PREVI\S 
CONV5TIONS4  
   

,! ,CONV5TION OP5$ QUIETLY ON ,MAY #e4 ,= 
SEV]AL DAYS PREC$+ ! ,CONV5TION ! ,*ICAGO PAP]S DID EV]Y?+ 
POSSIBLE TO 9CITE ! POPULACE TO MOB IT4 ,COMM]CIAL BODIES APPEAL$ 
TO ! ,MAYOR TO /OP ! ,CONV5TION4 ,! DELEGATES W]E REPORT$ TO BE 
CRIM9ALS :O W]E MEET+ TO PLAN ! OV]?R[ ( ! GOV]NM5T4 
,H[EV]1 ! URG$ VIOL5CE DID NOT MAT]IALIZE & ! ,CONV5TION WAS 
NOT 9T]RUPT$ 9 ANY WAY4 ,! ONLY APP>5T SIGN ( WAT*FULNESS BY 
! AU?ORITIES WAS A C\RT /5OGRAPH]1 :O CAME ON ! SECOND DAY 
& /AY$ UNTIL ! 5D4  
   

,! ,CONV5TION WAS CALL$ TO ORD] 
BY ACT+ SECRET>Y-TREASUR]1 ,?OMAS ,:ITEHEAD4 ,FIFTY-F\R DELEGATES 
ANSW]$ ! ROLL CALL4 ,BY ! UNANIM\S VOTE ( ! DELEGATES ,PIETRO 
,NIGRA1 REC5TLY RELEAS$ FROM ,=T ,LEAV5WOR?1 WAS SEAT$ TO REPRES5T 
! CLASS W> PRISON]S4  
   

,AFT] ! SEAT+ ( ! DELEGATES 
! FIR/ ORD] ( BUS9ESS WAS ! S5D+ ( GREET+S TO ALL 
POLITICAL & 9DU/RIAL PRISON]S4 ,GREET+S W]E ALSO S5T TO ! 
,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5TS ( ,RUSSIA & ,HUNG>Y4 
   

,MU* IMPORTANT & 
CON/RUCTIVE WORK WAS ACCOMPLI%$ AT ! CONV5TION4 ,IT WAS NOT F\ND 
NECESS>Y1 FUR!RMORE1 TO DEVIATE 9 ! SLI<TE/ FROM ! 
FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,SOME ( ! MORE IMPORTANT 
MATT]S DECID$ AT ! ,CONV5TION >E AS FOLL[S 3  
   

   ,! ,J,O,B ,D,E,L,E,G,A,T,E 
   
   

,! (FICIAL ADOPTION ( ! UNIV]SAL DELEGATE SY/EM IS ALREADY 9 
OP]ATION4 ,?IS IS A SY/EM ( ORGANIZ+ ?AT ORIG9AT$ ) ! ,I4 
,W4 ,W4 & IS TYPICAL ( ITS DEMOCRATIC SPIRIT4 ,?IS SY/EM MAKES IT 
POSSIBLE TO ORGANIZE ! WORK]S 9 ! MO/ HO/ILE T]RITORY OR 
9DU/RY4 ,! IDEA IS TO MAKE EV]Y MEMB] ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 A JOB 
DELEGATE OR ORGANIZ]4 ,! JOB DELEGATES RECEIVE NO PAY BUT >E 
EMP[]$ TO 9ITIATE NEW MEMB]S & COLLECT DUES4 ,TRAVEL+ 
DELEGATES >E MEMB]S UND] PAY :O TRAVEL FROM JOB TO JOB TO CONSULT 
) JOB DELEGATES & KEEP !M SUPPLI$ ) LIT]ATURE1 DUE BOOKS1 
ETC4 ,:5 ?IS SY/EM IS P]FECT$1 EV]Y MEMB] WILL C>RY UNIV]SAL 
CR$5TIALS & WILL1 !RE=E1 BE 5ABL$ TO 9ITIATE A WORK] 9TO 
HIS RESPECTIVE 9DU/RIAL UNION4  
   

,A RESOLUTION WAS PASS$ B>R+ ANY MEMB] ADDICT$ TO 9TOXICAT+ LIQUORS FROM HOLD+ (FICE 9 ! ORGANIZATION4  
   

,! 
,CONV5TION VOT$ ?AT NO (FIC] %\LD HOLD (FICE = TWO CONSECUTIVE 
YE>S4 ,?IS MEANS ?AT IF A MEMB] HOLDS (FICE = ONE YE>1 HE MU/ 
RETURN TO HIS WORK BE=E BE+ ELIGIBLE AGA9 TO (FICE4 ,IT ALSO VOT$ 
?AT PAID (FICIALS C\LD NOT ACT AS DELEGATES TO ! G5]AL 
CONV5TION4  
   

,! POLICY ( PAP]S PUBLI%$ BY ANY 
SUBDIVISION ( ! ORGANIZATION IS TO BE CONTROLL$ BY ! ,G5]AL 
,EXECUTIVE ,BO>D1 & NO ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 PAP] IS AU?ORIZ$ TO ACCEPT 
COMM]CIAL ADV]TIS+4  
   

,! ,CONV5TION W5T ON RECORD AS 
BE+ OPPOS$ TO ANY MEMB] OR GR\P ( MEMB]S TAK+ P>T 9 OR 
HELP+ TO BUILD UP ANY LABOR ORGANIZATION \TSIDE ( ! ,I4 ,W4 ,W4 ,?IS 
DOES NOT PREV5T A MEMB] FROM HOLD+ A MEMB]%IP 9 ANY LABOR BODY 
& 9 NO WAY 9T]F]ES ) HIS POLITICAL BELIEFS4 
   

   ,D,E,C,L,>,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,P,R,9,C,I,P,L,E,S  
   
   

,ON ! LA/ DAY ( ! ,CONV5TION ! FOLL[+ DECL>ATION WAS ADOPT$3 
   
    
     

,WE1 
! DELEGATES ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1 9 CONV5TION 
ASSEMBL$1 H]EBY REAFFIRM \R ADH]5CE TO ! CAUSE ( ! 
,9T]NATIONAL ,PROLET>IAT1 & REASS]T \R PR(\ND CONVICTION ?AT 
! PROGRAM ( 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM NOT ONLY FURNI%ES A ME?OD ( 
SUCCESSFUL RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! AGGRESSION ( A RABID MA/] CLASS1 
BUT PROVIDES A BASIS = ! RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY :5 CAPITALISM 
%ALL HAVE COLLAPS$4 ,WE REG>D ! GREAT ,EUROPEAN W> AS CONV9C+ 
EVID5CE ( ! RIP5+ ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM & ITS APPROA*+ 
DIS9TEGRATION2 & WE HAIL ! RIS+ WORK]S' REPUBLIC 9 ,RUSSIA & 
O!R C\NTRIES AS EVID5CE ?AT ONLY ! PROLET>IAT1 ?R\< ITS 
ECONOMIC =CE & BY REASON ( ITS /RATEGIC POSITION 9 9DU/RY1 CAN 
SAVE ! WORLD FROM *AOS & GU>ANTEE ! FUNDAM5TAL RI<TS ( LIFE4 
,WE PUBLI% AGA9 ! PREAMBLE TO \R CON/ITUTION & CALL UPON ! 
WORK+ CLASS ( ! WORLD TO UNITE ) US UPON ! BASIS ( ! 
PR9CIPLES !RE DECL>$ 9 ORD] ?AT WE MAY BY \R COMB9$ P[] 
DISPLACE ! WAGE SY/EM ) ITS HORDE ( P>ASITIC EXPLOIT]S & 
SUB/ITUTE = IT ! COMMUNAL SY/EM ( 9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY1 !REBY 
LIB]AT+ HUMANITY FROM ITS AGE-LONG DEGRADATION & FREE+ IT TO GO 
=W>D1 NOT ONLY TO UNIV]SAL HAPP9ESS1 BUT ALSO TO A HI< & NOBLE 
CULTURE4 ,WORK]S ( ! WORLD1 UNITE6 ,Y\ HAVE ONLY Y\R *A9S TO 
LOSE4 ,Y\ HAVE ! WORLD & LIFE TO GA94 
    
   
   

    

,L4 ,S4 ,*,U,M,L,E,Y4 
   

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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