,BIBLIOGRAPHY 

#aigdaigd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,$ITOR 3 ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

,AU?OR 3 ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y 

,AU?OR 3 ,DIEGO ,ABAD ,DE ,SANTILLAN 

,TEXT 3 

,I4 ,! FOLL[+ IS A LI/ ( ! AU?ORS & WORKS FROM :I* ! SELECTIONS 9 ?IS BOOK W]E DRAWN4 ,9CLUD$ IS A %ORT BIOGRAPHICAL SKET* ( EA* AU?OR4 

  

,H4,E4 ,KAM9SKI3 

,CEUX DE ,B>CELONE4 7,P>IS1 #a#i#c#g7 

,A RADICAL ,FR5* HI/ORIAN1 ,KAM9SKI WAS FRI5DLY TO LIB]T>IAN IDEAS & MOVEM5TS & WROTE AN EXCELL5T BIOGRAPHY ( ,BAKUN94 ,HE VISIT$ ,SPA9 DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 :]E HE TRAVEL$ & 9T]VIEW$ PROM95T AN>*I/S4 

,GA/ON ,LEVAL3 

,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL91 7,MILAN1 #a#i#e#b7 

,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE3 #a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i4 7,P>IS1 #a#i#g#a7 

,GA/ON ,LEVAL IS A ,FR5* AN>*I/ :OSE FA!R F\<T 9 ,! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a4 ,HE IS AN \T/&+ !ORETICIAN & MILITANT1 & HAS WRITT5 A GREAT MANY WORKS ON ! ECONOMIC & SOCIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ( AN>*ISM1 ) SPECIAL REF]5CE TO ,SPA94 ,A CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTOR 9 ,WORLD ,W> ,I1 HE TOOK REFUGE 9 ,SPA91 :]E HE WAS ACTIVE 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y LABOR MOVEM5T & WAS IMPRISON$ MANY TIMES4 ,HE REPRES5T$ ! ,C,N,T ( ,SPA9 AT ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,R$ ,9T]NATIONAL ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS 9 ,MOSC[1 #a#i#b#a4 ,HE WAS AMONG ! FIR/ TO EXPOSE ! TRUE NATURE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP4 ,UND] ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A1 HE TOOK REFUGE 9 ,>G5T9A4 ,) ! \TBREAK ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> HE ILLEGALLY EMIGRAT$ TO ,SPA9 TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,KN[+ ?AT ! W> WAS LO/1 HE MADE A FIR/-H& /UDY ( ! COLLECTIVES & SOCIALIZ$ 9DU/RIES1 LEAV+ = PO/]ITY ! FULLE/ & MO/ RELIABLE REPORTS EV] WRITT5 ( ! CON/RUCTIVE WORK ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,HE N[ LIVES 9 ,P>IS1 :]E HE WORKS AS A PR9T] & $ITS ! ,CAHI]S DE ,I',HUMANISME ,LIB]TAIRE1 ONE ( ! BE/ AN>*I/ J\RNALS4 

,JOSE ,PEIRATS3 

,LA ,C,N,T 5 LA ,REVOLUCION ,ESPANOLA4 7DOCUM5T>Y HI/ORY 9 #c VOLUMES1 ,T\L\SE1 #a#i#e#a1 #a#i#e#b1 #a#i#e#c7 

,LOS ,AN>QUI/AS 5 LA ,CRISIS ,POLITICA ,ESPANOLA4 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#f#d7 

,AN \T/&+ MILITANT & HI/ORIAN ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 HE WROTE A ?REE-VOLUME DOCUM5T>Y HI/ORY ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION & O!R WORKS4 ,DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W> HE $IT$ AN AN>*I/ PUBLICATION OPPOS$ TO ! P>TICIPATION ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I 9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC4 

,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN3 

,POR ,QUE ,P]DIMOS ,LA ,GU]RA3 ,UNA ,CONTRIBUCION DE LA ,TRAG$IA ,ESPANOLA4 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#d7 

,BORN 9 ,SPA91 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN WAS RAIS$ 9 ,>G5T9A4 ,HE HAS BE5 A PROLIFIC WRIT] & HI/ORIAN ( ! ,SPANI% & ,LAT9-,AM]ICAN AN>*I/ & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ LABOR MOVEM5TS4 ,HE HAS TRANSLAT$ ! WORKS ( ,BAKUN92 ,KROPOTK92 ! GREAT ,G]MAN WRIT]1 MILITANT1 & HI/ORIAN1 ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]2 ! WORKS ( ! HI/ORIAN ( AN>*ISM1 ,MAX ,NETTLAU2 ETC4 ,BE=E ! \TBREAK ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> HE $IT$ MANY AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]S & MAGAZ9ES 7,TIMON1 ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD1 ETC474 ,HE WAS ONE ( ! F\ND]S ( ! ,F,A,I 9 #a#i#b#g4 ,AFT] ! \TBREAK ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> HE BECAME ,M9I/] ( ! ,ECONOMY 9 ! ,CATALONIAN ,GOV]NM5T4 ,HE IS N[ LIV+ 9 ,>G5T9A4 

,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y3 

,NA*T UB] ,SPANI54 7,DAM/ADT1 #a#i#e#g7 

,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y IS A ,G]MAN AN>*O-SYNDICALI/4 ,HE WAS ALSO A DELEGATE ( ! ,G]MAN SYNDICALI/ UNION TO ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,R$ ,9T]NATIONAL ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS 9 ,MOSC[1 #a#i#b#a4 ,HE WAS ONE ( ! F\ND]S & ,SECRET>Y ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION ORGANIZ$ 9 ,B]L9 9 #a#i#b#b1 TO :I* ! ,C,N,T WAS AFFILIAT$4 ,FROM #aiab TO ! 5D ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 ,S\*Y WAS 9 CON/ANT T\* ) ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,DUR+ ! :OLE DURATION ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> HE REMA9$ 9 ,SPA91 9 *>GE ( 9T]NATIONAL PROPAG&A4 ,HE WROTE HUNDR$S ( >TICLES 9 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ PRESS4 ,S\*Y OBS]V$ & LIV$ 9 MANY ( ! COLLECTIVES & IS AN \T/&+ AU?ORITY ON ALL PHASES ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T--P>TICUL>LY ! COLLECTIVIZATIONS4 ,HE LEFT ,SPA9 ONLY A FEW H\RS BE=E ,B>CELONA WAS OCCUPI$ BY ! ,FRANCO TROOPS4 ,) ! COM+ ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I1 HE LIV$ AS A REFUGEE 9 ,FRANCE1 & LAT] TRAVEL$ EXT5SIVELY ?R\<\T ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA1 ,ISRAEL1 ETC41 TO /UDY AT FIR/ H& COLLECTIVIZATION & COOP]ATIVE MOVEM5TS 9 SEMI-DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES4 ,HE LIVES 9 ,MUNI*1 ,G]MANY4 

,ISAAC ,PU5TE3 

,EL ,COMUNISMO ,AN>QUICO4 7,HAVANA1 #a#i#c#d7 

,ISAAC ,PU5TE WAS AN AN>*I/ POPUL> !ORETICIAN4 ,HE WROTE MANY >TICLES & PAMPHLETS ON ! PRACTICAL APPLICATION ( AN>*I/ !ORY4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 HE WAS ONE ( A 0S*OOL0 ( AN>*I/S :O COMB9$ AN>*O-COMMUNISM & AN>*O-SYNDICALISM4 ,HIS ,EL ,COMUNISMO ,AN>QUICO WAS WIDELY KN[N4 ,! $ITION WE HAVE US$ WAS PUBLI%$ BY ,$ICIONES ,F$]ACION DE ,GRUPO ,AN>QUI/AS DE ,CUBA1 ,HABANA4 

,COLLECTIVIZATIONS3 ,L ',OEUVRE ,CON/RUCTIVE DE LA ,REVOLUTION ,ESPAGNOLE 7#a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i7 4 7SECOND $ITION1 ,T\L\SE1 #a#i#f#e7 ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y & ,P4 ,FOLG>E1 $ITORS4 

,FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #aicg 9 ,B>CELONA BY ! ,F,A,I PRESS1 ,$ICIONES ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD1 ?IS IS A COLLECTION ( DOCUM5TS BY ?OSE 9VOLV$ 9 ! COLLECTIVIZATION MOVEM5T 9CLUD+ DECREES1 RESOLUTIONS & REPORTS FROM BO? 9DU/RIAL & RURAL COLLECTIVES4 

,I,I4 ,WORKS CIT$ 9 ! TEXT4 

  

,BOLLOT51 ,BURNETT1 ,! ,GR& ,CAM\FLAGE3 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,CONSPIRACY 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>4 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#a7 

,BR5AN1 ,G]ALD1 ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9?4 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#b7 

,BR\E ,PI]RE1 & ,EMILE ,TEMIME1 ,REVOLUTION & ! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,SPA94 7,LONDON1 #a#i#g#b74 

,BULLET9 ( ! ,9/ITUTE ( ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL4 7,NOTT+HAM1 ,5G47 

,DOLG(F1 ,SAM1 $41 ,BAKUN9 ON ,AN>*Y4 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g#b7 

,GU]91 ,DANIEL1 ,AN>*ISM4 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g7 

,KAM9SKI1 ,H4,E41 ,CEUX DE ,B>CELONE4 7,P>IS1 #a#i#c#g7 

,LEVAL1 ,GA/ON1 ,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE3 #a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i4 7,P>IS1 #a#i#g#a7 

--,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL9 7,MILAN1 #a#i#e#b74 

,LOR5ZO1 ,CEZ>1 ,LES ,AN>*I/ES ,ESPAGNOLS ET LE ,P\VOIR3 #a#h#f#h-#a#i#f#i4 7,P>IS1 #a#i#f#i7 

,MALEFAKIS1 ,$W>D ,E41 ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M & ,PEASANT ,REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA94 7,NEW ,HAV51 #a#i#g7 

,M9TZ1 ,FRANK1 ,LA ,COLLECTIVIZATION 5 ,ESPAGNE DE #aicf A #a#i#c#i4 7,!SIS PRES5T$ #a#i#f#e-#f#f1 LAT] PUBLI%$ 9 ,P>IS7 

,PAZ1 ,ABEL1 ,DURRUTI3 ,LE ,PEUPLE 5 ,>MES4 7,P>IS1 #a#i#g#b7 

,PEIRATS1 ,JOSE1 ,LOS ,AN>QUI/AS 5 LA ,CRISIS ,POLITICAL ,ESPANOLA4 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#f#d7 

--,LA ,C,N,T 5 LA ,REVOLUCION ,ESPANOLA4 7,T\L\SE1 #a#i#e#a-#e#c7 

,PU5TE1 ,ISAAC1 ,EL ,COMUNISMO ,AN>QUICO4 7,HAVANA1 #a#i#c#d7 

,RI*>DS1 ,V]NON1 $41 ,MALATE/A3 ,HIS ,LIFE & ,IDEAS4 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#e7 

,SANTILLAN1 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE1 ,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION4 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#g7 

--,POR ,QUE ,P]DIMOS ,LA ,GU]RA3 ,UNA ,CONTRIBUCION DE LA ,TRAG$IA ,ESPANOLA4 7,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#d7 

,S]GE1 ,VICTOR1 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y3 #a#i#a-#a#i#d#a4 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#c7 

,S\*Y1 ,AUGU/91 ,DE ,JULIO A ,JULIO4 7,VAL5CIA1 #a#i#c#g7 

--,NA*T UB] ,SPANI54 7,DAM/ADT1 #a#i#e#g7 

,S\*Y1 ,AUGU/9 & ,P4 ,FOLG>E1 $S41 ,COLLECTIVIZATIONS3 ,L',OEUVRE ,CON/RUCTIVE DE LA ,REVOLUTION ,ESPAGNOLE 7#a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i7 4 7,T\L\SE1 #a#i#f#e7 

,I,I,I4 ,! LIT]ATURE ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 9 ,5GLI% IS AT BE/ MEAG]4 ,! FOLL[+ ANNOTAT$ LI/ MAY BE HELPFUL TO ! READ] :O WANTS TO PURSUE ! SUBJECT4 

  
,A4 ,BOOKS 

  

,BRADEMAS1 ,/EV5 ,J41 ,REVOLUTION & ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION3 ,A ,CONTRIBUTION TO ! ,HI/ORY ( ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ ,MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA91 #a#i#c-#c#g4 7,PH,D4 !SIS1 ,OX=D1 #a#i#e#c7 ,A S*OL>LY APPROA*4 

,BR5AN1 ,G]ALD1 ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9?3 ,AN ,ACC\NT ( ! ,SOCIAL & ,POLITICAL ,BACKGR\ND ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#b7 ,NOT MU* AB\T ! REVOLUTION ITSELF1 BUT EXCELL5T AS BACKGR\ND4 

,BOLLOT51 ,BURNETT1 ,! ,GR& ,CAM\FLAGE3 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,CONSPIRACY 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> 7ORIG9AL SUBTITLE74 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#a7 ,A PIONE]+ WORK4 

,BORK5AU1 ,FRANZ1 ,! ,SPANI% ,COCKPIT4 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#b7 ,READ ) C>E4 ,AS A =M] ,M>XI/ HE IS 9CL9$ TO BE HYP]CRITICAL ( ! AN>*I/S4 ,A USEFUL BOOK NONE!LESS4 

,BR\E1 ,PI]RE1 & ,EMILE ,TEMIME1 ,REVOLUTION & ! ,W> 9 ,SPA94 7,LONDON1 #a#i#g#b7 ,PROBABLY ! BE/ ALL->\ND BOOK 9 ,5GLI%4 

,C>R1 ,RAYMOND1 $41 ,! ,REPUBLIC & ! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,SPA94 7,LONDON1 #a#i#g#a7 ,9T]E/+ BUT READ ) CAUTION4 

,CATTELL1 ,DAVID ,T41 ,COMMUNISM & ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>4 7,B]KELEY1 #a#i#e#g7--,SOVIET ,DIPLOMACY & ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>4 7,B]KELEY1 #a#i#e#g7 ,AMONG ! F9E/ ON !IR SUBJECT4 

,*OMSKY1 ,NOAM1 0,OBJECTIVITY & ,LIB]AL ,S*OL>%IP10 9 ,AM]ICAN ,P[] & ! ,NEW ,M&>9S4 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#i7 ,A SUP]B CRITIQUE ( ,JACKSON'S BOOK ) GOOD NEW MAT]IAL ( ITS [N4 

,JACKSON1 ,GABRIEL1 ,! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC & ! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,SPA94 7,PR9CETON1 #a#i#f#e7 ,VALUABLE = ! ,REPUBLIC ( #aica BUT NOT AN OBJECTIVE HI/ORY4 

,JELL9EK1 ,FRANK1 ,! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,SPA94 7,LONDON1 #a#i#c#h7 ,! FIR/ P>T IS USEFUL BUT BEW>E ( HIS PRO-COMMUNI/ BIAS4 

,MALEFAKIS1 ,$W>D ,E41 ,AGR>IAN ,RE=M & ,PEASANT ,REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA94 7,NEW ,HAV51 #a#i#g7 ,READ = FACTUAL BACKGR\ND 9=MATION4 ,V]Y ANTI-AN>*I/4 

,ORWELL1 ,GEORGE1 ,HOMAGE TO ,CATALONIA4 7,LONDON1 #a#i#c#h7 ,TRIES TO DEAL OBJECTIVELY ) ! REVOLUTION4 ,GIVES A VIVID PORTRAYAL ( EV5TS4 

,SANTILLAN1 ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE1 ,AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION4 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#g7 ,A REALI/IC & CON/RUCTIVE =MULATION ( :AT ! REVOLUTION>Y ECONOMY C\LD LOOK LIKE4 

,?OMAS1 ,HU<1 ,! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>4 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#a7 ,READILY AVAILABLE1 BUT WE DON'T RECOMM5D ?IS BOOK4 

,B4 ,PAMPHLETS 

  

,DA%>1 ,M41 ,! ,ORIG9S ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MOVEM5T 9 ,SPA94 7,NEW ,YORK1 ND7 

,LEVAL1 ,GA/ON1 ,SOCIAL ,RECON/RUCTION 9 ,SPA94 7,LONDON1 #a#i#c#h7 

,ROCK]1 ,RUDOLF1 ,! ,TRAG$Y ( ,SPA94 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#g7 

,S\*Y1 ,AUGU/91 ,! ,TRAGIC ,WEEK 9 ,MAY4 7,B>CELONA1 #a#i#c#g7 

,C4 ,P]IODICALS 

  

,SPA9 & ! ,WORLD4 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#c#f-#c#i7 

,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 7,UNIT$ ,LIB]T>IAN ,ORGANIZATIONS1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#c#f-#c#i7 

,SPANI% ,LABOR ,BULLET94 7,*ICAGO1 #a#i#c#f-#c#i87 ,BACK COV] ( ,! ,AN>*I/ ,COLLECTIVES  

.<#a.> ,BO? ! ,U,G,T & ! ,C,N,T PROBABLY NUMB]$ OV] A MILLION MEMB]S EA* BY ! SUMM] ( #a#i#c#f4 ,! (FICI\S1 HI<LY BUREAUCRATIC ,U,G,T T5D$ TO OV]/ATE ITS MEMB]%IP FIGURES4 ,! MORE AMORPH\S DEC5TRALIZ$ ,C,N,T--! MO/ P]SECUT$ ( ! TWO LABOR F$]ATIONS--(T5 EX]CIS$ MU* GREAT] 9FLU5CE ON ! ,SPANI% WORK+ CLASS ?AN ITS MEMB]%IP /ATI/ICS W\LD SEEM TO 9DICATE4 

.<#b.> ,MADRID1 AL?\< ) A L>GELY ,SOCIALI/ LABOR MOVEM5T1 WAS ! HOME ( AN 9T5SELY ACTIVE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,NOT ONLY W]E ! ,MADRID CON/RUCTION WORK]S /RONGLY AN>*OSYNDICALI/1 BUT AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 MANY ,MADRID 9TELLECTUALS W]E COMMITT$ TO AN>*ISM & E/ABLI%$ A R5[N$ !ORETICAL TRADITION = ! MOVEM5T ?AT L+]$ ON LONG AFT] AN>*I/ WORK]S HAD CUT !IR TIES ) ! ,SPANI% 9TELLIG5TSIA4 

.<#c.> ,I W\LD NOT WANT TO >GUE1 H]E1 ?AT ! ,SPANI% VILLAGE =M$ A P>ADIGM = A LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY4 ,VILLAGE SOCIETY DIFF]$ GREATLY FROM ONE REGION ( ,SPA9 TO ANO!R--9 SOME >EAS RETA9+ UNDI/URB$ ITS LOCAL DEMOCRATIC TRADITIONS1 9 O!RS RUL$ TYRANNICALLY BY ! ,*UR*1 ! NOBILITY1 CACIQUES1 & CU/OM4 ,QUITE (T51 BO? T5D5CIES CO-EXI/$ 9 A V]Y UNEASY EQUILIBRIUM1 ! DEMOCRATIC /ILL VITAL BUT SUBM]G$ BY ! AU?ORIT>IAN4 

.<#d.> ,9 ! CASE ( ! ,C,N,T !RE W]E EXCEPTIONS TO ?IS RULE4 ,! ,NATIONAL ,SECRET>Y WAS PAID AN AV]AGE WORK]'S SAL>Y1 AS WAS ! CL]ICAL /AFF ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE & ! $ITORS & /AFFS ( DAILY NEWSPAP]S4 ,BUT DELEGATES TO ! NATIONAL1 REGIONAL1 & LOCAL COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T W]E NOT PAID & W]E OBLIG$ TO WORK AT !IR [N TRADES EXCEPT :5 !Y LO/ TIME DUR+ WORK+ H\RS ON UNION BUS9ESS4 ,?IS IS NOT TO SAY ?AT !RE W]E NO 9DIVIDUALS :O DEVOT$ MO/ ( !IR TIME TO ! DISSEM9ATION ( AN>*I/ IDEAS4 0,TRAVEL+ AB\T FROM PLACE TO PLACE1 ON FOOT OR MULE OR ON ! H>D SEATS ( ?IRD-CLASS RAILWAY C>RIAGES1 OR EV5 LIKE TRAMPS OR AMBULANT BULLFI<T]S UND] ! T>PAUL9S ( GOODS WAGONS10 OBS]VES ,BR5AN1 0:IL/ !Y ORGANIZ$ NEW GR\PS OR C>RI$ ON PROPAG&I/ CAMPAIGNS1 !SE 'APO/LES ( ! IDEA1' AS !Y W]E CALL$1 LIV$ LIKE M5DICANT FRI>S ON ! HOSPITALITY ( ! MORE PROSP]\S WORK]S0--&1 ,I W\LD ADD1 0VILLAG]S40 ,?IS TRADITION ( ORGANIZ+1 :I* REF]S TO ! #a#h#g'S1 DID NOT DISAPPE> 9 LAT] DECADES2 TO ! CONTR>Y1 IT BECAME MORE SY/EMATIC & P]HAPS MORE SECURELY F9ANC$ AS ! ,C,N,T BEGAN TO COMPETE ) ! ,U,G,T = ! ALLEGIANCE ( ! ,SPANI% WORK]S & PEASANTS4 

.<#e.> ,YET H]E ,I MU/ ADD ?AT TO AB/A9 FROM SMOK+1 TO LIVE BY HI< MORAL /&>DS1 & TO ESPECIALLY ABJURE ! CONSUMPTION ( ALCOHOL WAS V]Y IMPORTANT AT ! TIME4 ,SPA9 WAS GO+ ?R\< H] [N BELAT$ 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION DUR+ ! P]IOD ( AN>*I/ ASC5DANCY ) ALL ITS DEMORALIZ+ FEATURES4 ,! COLLAPSE ( MORALE AMONG ! PROLET>IAT1 ) RAMPANT DRUNK5NESS1 V5]EAL DISEASE1 & ! COLLAPSE ( SANIT>Y FACILITIES1 WAS ! =EMO/ PROBLEM :I* ,SPANI% REVOLUTION>IES HAD TO DEAL )1 JU/ AS BLACK RADICALS TODAY MU/ DEAL ) SIMIL> PROBLEMS 9 ! <ETTO4 ,ON ?IS SCORE1 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S W]E EM95TLY SUCCESSFUL4 ,FEW ,C,N,T WORK]S1 MU* LESS COMMITT$ AN>*I/S1 W\LD HAVE D>$ TO %[ UP DRUNK AT MEET+S OR MISBEHAVE OV]TLY AMONG !IR COMRADES4 ,IF ONE CONSID]S ! T]RIBLE WORK+ & LIV+ CONDITIONS ( ! P]IOD1 ALCOHOLISM WAS NOT AS S]I\S A PROBLEM 9 ,SPA9 AS IT WAS 9 ,5GL& DUR+ ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION4 

.<#f.> ,9 0BLACK0 7PURELY AN>*I/IC7 ,S>AGOSSA1 :]E ! WORK+ CLASS WAS EV5 MORE FIRMLY COMMITT$ TO AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES ?AN ! ,B>CELONA PROLET>IAT1 ,RAYMOND ,C>R QUITE ACCURATELY EMPHASIZES ?AT 0/RIKES W]E *>ACT]IZ$ BY !IR SCORN = ECONOMIC DEM&S & ! T\<NESS ( !IR REVOLUTION>Y SOLID>ITY3 /RIKES = COMRADES 9 PRISON W]E MORE POPUL> ?AN /RIKES = BETT] CONDITIONS40 

.<#g.> ,= ,M>X & ,5GELS1 ORGANIZATIONAL =MS TO *ANGE ! BEHAVIORAL PATT]NS ( ! PROLET>IAT W]E NOT A PROBLEM4 ,?IS C\LD BE PO/PON$ UNTIL 0AFT] ! REVOLUTION40 ,9DE$1 ,M>X VIEW$ ! AU?ORIT>IAN IMPACT ( ! FACTORY 70! V]Y ME*ANISM ( ! PROCESS ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION ITSELF07 AS A POSITIVE FACTOR 9 PRODUC+ A 0DISCIPL9$1 UNIT$0 PROLET>IAT4 ,5GELS1 9 AN ATROCI\S DIATRIBE AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S TITL$ 0,ON ,AU?ORITY10 EXPLICITLY US$ ! FACTORY /RUCTURE--ITS HI]>*ICAL =MS & ! OB$I5CE IT DEM&$--TO JU/IFY HIS COMMITM5T TO AU?ORITY & C5TRALIZATION 9 WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS4 ,:AT IS ( 9T]E/1 H]E1 IS NOT :E!R ,M>X & ,5GELS W]E 0AU?ORIT>IANS0 BUT ! WAY 9 :I* !Y ?\<T \T ! PROBLEM ( PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATION--! EXT5T TO :I* ! MATRIX = !IR ORGANIZATIONAL CONCEPTS WAS ! V]Y ECONOMY :I* ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WAS MEANT TO REVOLUTIONIZE4 

.<#h.> ,! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ,BAKUN9'S ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY 9 ,SPA9 SCATT]$ ! =CES ( ,SPANI% AN>*ISM 9TO SMALL LOCAL NUCLEI :I* RELAT$ ON A REGIONAL BASIS ?R\< CONF]5CES1 P]IODICALS1 & CORRESPOND5CE4 ,SEV]AL REGIONAL F$]ATIONS ( !SE NUCLEI W]E =M$1 MA9LY 9 ,CATALONIA & ,&ALUSIA1 ONLY TO DISAPPE> AS RAPIDLY AS !Y EM]G$4 

.<#i.> ,SEE PAGES #bi & #c = USEFUL DEF9ITIONS4 .<,9 ?IS ELECTRONIC COPY1 PAGES #bi & #c REF] TO ! >TICLES 0,ON ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM0 & 0,ON ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM0 9 ,*APT] #b'S ,! ,POLITICAL & ,ECONOMIC ,ORGANIZATION ( ,SOCIETY BY ,ISAAC ,PU5TE--!AN>*I/LIBR>Y CONTRIBUTOR.> 

.<#a.> ,I EMPLOY ! WORD 0VANGU>D0 PROVOCATIVELY1 DESPITE ITS UNPOPUL>ITY 9 MANY LIB]T>IAN CIRCLES TODAY1 BECAUSE ?IS T]M WAS WIDELY US$ 9 ! TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,SOME AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS EV5 ADOPT$ IT AS A NAME4 ,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT AN AN>*I/ OBR]A CONSCI5TE REG>D$ HIMSELF OR H]SELF AS AN 0ADVANC$ P]SON0 & P>T ( A SMALL AVANT-G>DE 9 SOCIETY4 ,9 ITS MO/ 9NOCU\S S5SE1 ! USE ( ?IS T]M MEANT ?AT SU* A P]SON M]ELY 5JOY$ A MORE ADVANC$ SOCIAL CONSCI\SNESS ?AN ! MAJORITY ( LESS DEVELOP$ WORK]S & PEASANTS1 A DI/9CTION ?AT HAD TO BE OV]COME BY $UCATION4 ,9 A LESS 9NOCU\S S5SE1 ! WORD PROVID$ A RATIONALE = ELITISM & MANIPULATION1 TO :I* SOME AN>*I/ LEAD]S W]E NO MORE IMMUNE ?AN !IR AU?ORIT>IAN ,SOCIALI/ OPPON5TS4  

 ,! WORD 0LEAD]10 ON ! O!R H&1 WAS ES*EW$ = ! EUPHEMISM 09FLU5TIAL MILITANT10 AL?\< 9 FACT ! MORE WELL-KN[N AN>*I/ 09FLU5TIAL MILITANTS0 W]E C]TA9LY LEAD]S4 ,?IS SELF-DECEPTION WAS NOT AS TRIFL+ AS IT MAY SEEM4 ,IT PREV5T$ ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S FROM WORK+ \T ! S]I\S PROBLEMS ?AT EM]G$ FROM REAL DIFF]5CES 9 CONSCI\SNESS AMONG !MSELVES OR BETWE5 !MSELVES & ! GREAT MAJORITY ( UNDEVELOP$ C5ETEI/AS4 

.<#a#a.> ,SEE PAGE #aa = ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! T]MS 0,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION0 & 0,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION .<,9 ?IS ELECTRONIC COPY1 PAGE #aa REF]S TO ! >TICLE 0,! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION VS ,! ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION0 9 ?IS SAME SECTION--!AN>*I/LIBR>Y CONTRIBUTOR.> 

.<#a#b.> ,) ,JOAQU9 ,MAUR91 HE F\ND$ ! ,SPANI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 FROM :I* !Y SPLIT (F TO ORGANIZE ! DISSID5T ,M>XI/ ,P>TY ( ,WORK]S ,UNITY--! ,P,\,M4 ,HE WAS MURD]$ BY ! ,/AL9I/S 9 #a#i#c#g4 

.<#a#c.> ,I WAS IMPELL$ TO TRANSLATE ?IS MYSELF DUE TO ! DI/ORTION ( ,TROTSKY'S REM>K 7P4 #ag 9 ! ,5GLI% $ITION7 BY US+ ! WORD 0MILIT>Y0 9 PLACE ( ! WORD 0FI<T+06 

.<#a#d.> ,S\*Y IS REF]R+ TO 5T]PRISES ?AT DID NOT EMPLOY WAGE LABOR4 

.<#a#e.> ,ECONOMIC V>IETY 9 A FREE SOCIETY IS NOT TO BE EQUAT$ ) ! GREAT] OR LESS] MEASURE ( PRIVATE 5T]PRISE :I* PEASANTS 9 0COMMUNI/0 C\NTRIES =C$ !IR RUL]S TO GRANT ON ?REAT ( />V+ ! CITIES4 ,NOR = ?AT MATT] IS IT TO BE EQUAT$ ) ! 0V>IETY0 CLAIM$ 9 CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 

.<#a#f.> ,MUTUALISM IS ! ECONOMIC DOCTR9E ( ,PR\DHON & HIS FOLL[]S4 

.<#a#g.> ,9 ?IS WORK WE HAVE G5]ALLY *OS5 TO USE ! T]M 0WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T0 9/EAD ( 0WORK]S' CONTROL40 ,S9CE ,GE(FREY ,O/]GA>D WROTE !SE WORDS 9 ,AN>*Y 9 ! E>LY #a#i#f'S1 ! CONCEPT ( WORK]S' CONTROL HAS BE5 CO-OPT$4 ,SEE PAGE #ha = A %ORT DISCUSSION ( ! CURR5T DIFF]5CES BETWE5 !SE CONCEPTS .<,9 ?IS ELECTRONIC COPY1 PAGE #ha REF]S TO ! >TICLE 0,WORK]S' ,CONTROL VS ,WORK]S' ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T0 9 ,*APT] #f'S ,WORK]S' ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T 9 ,9DU/RY BY ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y--!AN>*I/LIBR>Y CONTRIBUTOR.>4 

.<#a#h.> ,A M$ICAL DOCTOR1 HE WAS AN IMPORTANT AN>*I/ MILITANT4 ,HE WAS IMPRISON$ & MURD]$ BY ! FASCI/S :ILE FI<T+ ON ! ,S>AGOSSA FRONT DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 

.<#a#i.> ,BR5AN1 H[EV]1 DOES NOT MAKE A V]Y IMPORTANT DI/9CTION BETWE5 ,PORT DE LA ,SELVA & ! LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVES E/ABLI%$ DUR+ ! REVOLUTION1 :]E ! L& WAS NOT DIVID$ BUT COLLECTIVELY [N$4--,$4 

.<#b.> ,/ATI/ICS W]E D]IV$ FROM ,GA/ON ,LEVAL'S ,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE4 

.<#b#a.> ,FROM ,EL ,COMUNISMO ,AN>QUICO1 BY ,ISAAC ,PU5TE4 

.<#b#b.> ,IT IS NO M]E CO9CID5CE ?AT DUR+ ! MON>*Y1 UND] ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,PRIMA DE ,RIV]A 7#a#i#b#c-#a#i#b#i71 ,CABALL]O HAD ALSO S]V$ AS ! ,M9I/] ( ,/ATE = ,LABOR4 ,! ,U,G,T BECAME ! UN(FICIAL LABOR FRONT ( ! GOV]NM5T1 :ILE ! ,C,N,T WAS \TLAW$4 

.<#b#c.> ,?IS PH5OM5AL 9CREASE WAS ATTA9$ BY 5ROLL+ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y1 B\RGEOIS1 NON-PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS 9TO ! ,U,G,T1 SU* AS MUNICIPAL1 PROV9CIAL & NATIONAL BUREAUCRATS1 PETTY-B\RGEOIS EMPLOY]S1 L&LORDS1 REACTION>Y ,CA?OLIC REPUBLICANS & SEP>ATI/S1 FRI<T5$ LIB]ALS1 ETC4 ,!SE SAME ELEM5TS W]E LAT] RECRUIT$ DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W> BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO CRU% ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 

.<#b#d.> ,= FE> ( ! REVOLUTION1 IT WAS ! SET POLICY ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD TO >M ITS [N =CES 7POLICE1 ,CIVIL ,GU>DS7 & DEPRIVE ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ( >MS4 ,SUFFICI5T >MS TO PUT D[N ! FASCI/ UPRIS+ W]E F9ALLY OBTA9$ ONLY AFT] ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I MILITANTS CAPTUR$ ! ,SAN ,&RES >TILL]Y B>RACKS & O!R DEPOTS4 

.<#b#e.> ,NEGR9 WAS A MEMB] ( ,CABALL]O'S CAB9ET4 

.<#b#f.> ,! DE/RUCTION ( ! AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVES IS GRAPHICALLY DEPICT$ BY ,LEVAL 7,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE1 PP4 #c#f#g-#c#g#g74 ,SEE ALSO ,PEIRATS 7,LOS ,AN>QUI/AS 5 LA ,CRISIS ,POLITICA ,ESPANOLA1 ,*APT]S ,X,V & ,X,V,I4 

.<#b#g.> ,FROM ,LEVAL1 ,NE ,FRANCO1 NE ,/AL91 PP4 #g#f-#i#d4 

.<#b#h.> ,! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE LIV+ 9 ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA9 W]E ABOVE ALL DOM9AT$ BY ! FE> ( A ,FRANCO VICTORY1 & !Y C\LD NOT UND]/& :Y ! ANTI-FASCI/ POLITICAL & SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & GR\PS %\LD NOT CON/ITUTE A UNIT$ FRONT4 ,! PEOPLE W]E NOT COMMITTE$ TO A SET ( POLITICAL-PHILOSOPHICAL !ORIES4 ,!Y DEM&$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T & ! 9F9ITELY LESS P[]FUL ,F,A,I 5T] & COLLABORATE ) ! GOV]NM5T TO 5SURE ! UNITY ( ACTION & COORD9ATION :I* !Y DEEM$ 9DISP5SABLE 444 .<,?IS P>AGRAPH FROM ,LEVAL'S ,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE1 P4 #c#f1 HAS BE5 ADD$ TO BETT] CL>IFY ?IS IMPORTANT PO9T4--,$4.> 

.<#b#i.> ,?IS PROPAG&A WAS SPECIFICALLY DESIGN$ TO CAT] TO !IR C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y S5TIM5TS4--,$4 

.<#c.> ,VAL5CIA BECAME ! SEAT ( ! 0,C5TRAL0 OR ,NATIONAL GOV]NM5T :5 IT EVACUAT$ ! ,CAPITAL 9 ,MADRID 4--,$4 

.<#c#a.> ,WE CITE A FEW EXAMPLES FROM ,GU]9 ( ! ECONOMIC SABOTAGE ( ! ,C5TRAL ,GOV]NM5T TO ?ROTTLE ! LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION3  

,! ,C5TRAL ,GOV]NM5T HAD A /RANGLEHOLD OV] ! COLLECTIVES2 ! NATIONALIZATION ( TRANSPORT MADE IT POSSIBLE = IT TO SUPPLY SOME & CUT (F ALL DELIV]IES TO O!RS444 ,IT IMPORT$ ,REPUBLICAN >MY UNI=MS 9/EAD ( TURN+ TO ! ,CATALONIAN TEXTILE COLLECTIVES444 ,! ,REPUBLICAN ,C5TRAL ,GOV]NM5T REFUS$ TO GRANT ANY CR$IT TO ,CATALONIAN SELF-MANAGEM5T EV5 :5 ! LIB]T>IAN ,M9I/] ( ! ,CATALONIAN ECONOMY1 ,FABREGAS1 (F]$ ! BILLION PESETAS ( SAV+S BANK DEPOSITS AS SECURITY4 ,9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#c#g1 ! ,/AL9I/ ,COMOR]A TOOK OV] ! PORTFOLIO ( ! ECONOMY & DEPRIV$ ! SELF-MANAG$ FACTORIES ( RAW MAT]IALS :I* HE LAVI%$ ON ! PRIVATE SECTOR 444 7PP4 #a#d#a1 #a#d#b7--,$4 

.<#c#b.> ,LEVAL'S DESCRIPTION ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ROLE & BETRAYALS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W> & !IR CAMPAIGN TO DE/ROY ! COLLECTIVES 7ESPECIALLY 9 ,>AGON7 & ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T >E WELL DOCUM5T$ 9 ,5GLI% & NE$ NOT BE REPEAT$ H]E4 ,LEVAL CONCLUDES ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S DID EV]Y?+ 9 !IR P[] & US$ ! MO/ REPREH5SIBLE TACTICS TO 0PROVOKE ! HATR$ & HO/ILITY ( ! CIVIL & MILIT>Y POPULATION AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S & !IR REVOLUTION>Y 9NOVATIONS 4440--,$4 

.<#c#c.> ,BETRAY+ HIS AN>*I/ ALLIES :O COLLABORAT$ 9 HIS GOV]NM5T1 ! ,G5]ALIDAD ( ,CATALONIA1 ,COMPANYS JO9$ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE4 ,DUR+ ! TRAGIC ,MAY ,DAYS ( #aicg ,COMPANYS AID$ & ABETT$ ! ASSAULT TO DISLODGE ! ,C,N,T FROM ITS /RON<OLD 9 ,B>CELONA COLLABORAT+ ) ! ,COMMUNI/S1 ! B\RGEOISIE & ! ,C4,P4 DOM9AT$ ,U,G,T TO DE/ROY ! ,CATALONIAN COLLECTIVES4--,$4 

.<#c#d.> ,FROM ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y1 ,NA*T UB] ,SPANI51 PP4 #a#f#d-#a#f#g4 

.<#c#e.> ,IT IS ESS5TIALLY A SY/EM ( WORK]S' CONTROL AT ALL LEVELS1 EA* UNIT EX]CIS+ AUTONOMY )9 ITS [N SPH]E4 ,SANTILLAN'S =MULATION IS MORE EXPLICIT3  

 ,! /RUCTURE ( ! NEW ECONOMY WAS SIMPLE3 ,EA* FACTORY ORGANIZ$ A NEW ADM9I/RATION MANN$ BY ITS [N TE*NICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE WORK]S4 ,FACTORIES 9 ! SAME 9DU/RY 9 EA* LOCALITY ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9TO ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( !IR P>TICUL> 9DU/RY4 ,! TOTAL ( ALL ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATIONS ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9TO ! ,LOCAL ,ECONOMIC ,C\NCIL 9 :I* ALL ! C5T]S ( PRODUCTION & S]VICES W]E REPRES5T$3 COORD9ATION1 EX*ANGE1 SANITATION & HEAL?1 CULTURE1 TRANSPORTATION1 ETC4 ,BO? ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATIONS ( EA* 9DU/RY & ! ,LOCAL ,ECONOMIC ,C\NCILS W]E ORGANIZ$ REGIONALLY & NATIONALLY 9TO P>ALLEL ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATIONS ( ,9DU/RY & ,NATIONAL ,ECONOMIC ,F$]ATIONS444 7,POR ,QUE ,P]DIMOS LA ,GU]RA1 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 #a#i#d1 P4 #h#b7--,$4 

.<#c#f.> ,FROM ,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 ,POR ,QUE ,P]DIMOS LA ,GU]RA1 P4 #ha 

.<#c#g.> ,SANTILLAN REF]S TO ! P]IOD BE=E ! FASCI/S TOOK OV] ! REGION4--,$4 

.<#c#h.> ,9CID5TALLY1 ?IS OP9ION IS 9 H>MONY ) ,MALATE/A'S /ATEM5T ?AT AFT] ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE & CAPITALISM1 ) ! COM+ ( ABUNDANCE1 & P5D+ ! FULL REALIZATION ( AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 MONEY WILL /ILL REMA9 0! ONLY MEANS 7AP>T FROM ! MO/ TYRANNICAL DICTATOR%IP OR ! MO/ IDYLLIC ACCORD7 SO F> DEVIS$ BY HUMAN 9TELLIG5CE TO REGULATE PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION AUTOMATICALLY40 7,LIFE & ,IDEAS1 P4 #a#a7 

.<#c#i.> ,SEE ,M9TZ1 APP5DIX1 PP4 #c#f-#c#g4 

.<#d.> ,IT CANNOT BE OV]EMPHASIZ$ ?AT !SE W]E NOT CAPITALI/ BANKS1 I4E41 LOAN %>KS ACCUMULAT+ WEAL? BY USURY1 9VE/M5T1 CONTROL ( PROP]TY1 & EXPLOITATION ( LABOR4 ,M9TZ DOES NOT MAKE ?IS CRUCIAL DI/9CTION4--,$4 

.<#d#a.> ,N9ETY P]C5T ( ! CROP WAS EXPORT$4 

.<#d#b.> ,FROM ,COLLECTIVIZATIONS3 ,L ',OEUVRE ,CON/RUCTIVE DE LA ,REVOLUTION ,ESPAGNOLE 7#a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i7 7,COLLECTION ( ,DOCUM5TS7 =W>D BY ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y1 PP4 #f1 #g1 #h1 & ,LOS ,AN>QUI/AS 5 LA ,CRISIS ,POLITICA ,ESPANOLA1 PP4 #a#b#a-#a#b#h1 #a#c#c4 

.<#d#c.> ,SU* W]E ! IDEAS :I* ! WORK]S 5DEAVOR$ TO PUT 9TO PRACTICE IMM$IATELY AFT] !Y DEFEAT$ ! FASCI/S4 ,9 ?IS LA/ SECTION ( ! *APT]1 ,JOSE ,PEIRATS GRAPHICALLY SUMS UP H[ !Y BEGAN TO DO SO4--,$4 

.<#d#d.> ,MORE ACCURATELY CALL$ ,WORK]S' ,COMMITTEES ( ,CONTROL & ,MANAGEM5T--,$4 

.<#d#e.> ,IT WAS NO SMALL A*IEVEM5T TO FE$ & RE/ORE ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( ,B>CELONA1 A CITY ( #a1#b1 7! MO/ POPUL\S 9 ,SPA974 ,S\*Y REPORTS ?AT ! FOOD UNIONS1 TOGE!R ) ! HOTEL & RE/AURANT WORK]S1 OP5$ COMMUNAL D9+ HALLS 9 EA* NEI<BORHOOD4 ,BR\E & ,TEMIME /ATE ?AT 9 ,AUGU/ ! FOOD COMMITTEE 0F$ UP TO #a#b1 PEOPLE A DAY 9 OP5 RE/AURANTS ON PRES5TATION ( A UNION C>D40 7P4 #a#f#f7 ,! BIG FOOD :OLESALE E/ABLI%M5TS W]E COLLECTIVIZ$4 ,?IRTY UNIONS ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9TO A ,FOOD ,WORK]S' ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION 7! MO/ IMPORTANT3 BAK]S1 BUT*]S1 DAIRY WORK]S74 ,! UNIONS1 9 G5]AL MEMB]%IP MEET+S1 FIX$ !IR [N WAGES4 ,! WORK]S BECAME !IR [N BOSSES4 ,! SY/EM EMBRAC$ ALL ( ,CATALONIA1 & FIVE HUNDR$ WORK]S COORD9AT$ ! OP]ATIONS4 ,BR\E & ,TEMIME CONCLUDE ?AT 0ESS5TIAL FOOD SUPPLIES = MILITIAM5 & = ! 9HABITANTS ( ! T[NS W]E GU>ANTE$ )\T AN APPRECIABLE RISE 9 PRICES40 7P4 #a#f#f7--,$4 

.<#d#f.> ,9 #a#i#a#i1 AT ITS ,MADRID ,CONF]5CE1 ! ,C,N,T DECID$ TO REPLACE ! \TDAT$ CRAFT-UNION SETUP1 & 9 CON=MITY ) ! GR[? ( MOD]N 9DU/RY1 ADOPT$ ! 9DU/RIAL UNION =M ( ORGANIZATION4 ,?OSE OPPOS$ TO ?IS *ANGE OBJECT$ ?AT IT W\LD LEAD TO EXCESSIVE C5TRALIZATION & ! V>I\S LOCAL TRADE UNIONS W\LD LOSE !IR AUTONOMY4 ,! RESOLUTION TO ADOPT ! 9DU/RIAL UNION =M ( ORGANIZATION WAS RESC9D$ 7#a#i#a#i71 BUT WAS F9ALLY PUT 9TO EFFECT BY ! #aicf ,CONGRESS ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,! ,CONGRESS DIVID$ 9DU/RY 9 #ah 9DU/RIAL F$]ATIONS 7LAT] R$UC$ TO #ae BY ! #ai* ,VAL5CIA ECONOMIC PL5UM ( ! ,C,N,T74 ,9 NO WAY DID 9DU/RIAL UNIONS CURTAIL ! FRE$OM ( ! V>I\S CRAFTS4 ,! 9DU/RIAL UNION WAS ESS5TIALLY A F$]ATION ( !SE 9T]DEP5D5T CRAFTS1 EA* EX]CIS+ FULL AUTONOMY )9 ITS [N SPH]E4 ,! 9DU/RIAL UNION NOT ONLY AUGM5T$ ! FI<T+ CAPACITY ( ! PROLET>IAT UND] CAPITALISM BUT ALSO CON/ITUT$ ! BASIS = ! NEW SOCIALIZ$ ECONOMY4--,$4 

.<#d#g.> ,FROM ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y1 ,NA*T UB] ,SPANI51 PP4 #i#h-#a#a4 

.<#d#h.> ,! TRAMWAYS S]V+ ,B>CELONA & SUBURBS COV]$ #fi R\TES & CON/ITUT$ ! MA9/AY ( ITS TRANSPORTATION SY/EM 7:I* ALSO 9CLUD$ BUSSES & TAXIS74 ,( ! #g1 EMPLOYES1 #f1#e BELONG$ TO ! ,C,N,T ,TRANSPORTATION ,WORK]S ,UNION4  

 ,DUR+ ! FI<T+ ) ! FASCI/S1 ! /REETS W]E TORN UP & OB/RUCT$ BY B>RICADES4 ,AFT] E/IMAT+ ! DAMAGE & SPECIFY+ REPAIRS1 A COMMISSION REPRES5T+ DIFF]5T DEP>TM5TS 7ELECTRIC P[]1 CABLES1 TRAFFIC SIGNALS1 ROLL+ /OCK1 OP]AT+ P]SONNEL1 ETC47 >RANG$ TO RESUME OP]ATIONS & RADIO$ ALL P]SONNEL TO RETURN4  

 ,WORK+ >\ND ! CLOCK1 S]VICE WAS RE/OR$ ONLY FIVE DAYS AFT] FI<T+ CEAS$4 ,SEV5 HUNDR$ TROLLEYS 79/EAD ( ! =M] #f71 NEWLY PA9T$ 9 ! R$ & BLACK COLORS ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 W]E PLAC$ 9 S]VICE4 ,?IS MIRACLE WAS A*IEV$ BECAUSE ! V>I\S TRADES COORD9AT$ & ORGANIZ$ !IR WORK 9TO ONE 9DU/RIAL UNION ( ALL ! TRANSPORT WORK]S4 ,EA* SECTION WAS ADM9I/]$ BY AN 5G9E] DESIGNAT$ BY ! UNION & A WORK] DELEGAT$ BY ! G5]AL MEMB]%IP4 ,! DELEGATIONS ( ! V>I\S SECTIONS COORD9AT$ OP]ATIONS 9 A GIV5 >EA4 ,:ILE ! SECTIONS MET SEP>ATELY TO CONDUCT !IR [N SPECIFIC OP]ATIONS1 DECISIONS AFFECT+ ! WORK]S 9 G5]AL W]E MADE AT G5]AL MEMB]%IP MEET+S4  

 ,! 5G9E]S & TE*NICIANS DID NOT 7AS 9 0SOCIALI/0 & CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES7 CON/ITUTE A SEP>ATE PRIVILEG$ ELITE4 ,! WORK ( ! TE*NICIANS1 5G9E]S1 & MANUAL WORK]S WAS P]MAN5TLY 9T]WOV5 & 9TEGRAT$4 ,! 5G9E]1 = EXAMPLE1 C\LD NOT UND]TAKE AN IMPORTANT PROJECT )\T CONSULT+ ! O!R WORK]S1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE RESPONSIBILITIES W]E TO BE %>$ BUT ALSO BECAUSE 9 PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ! MANUAL WORK]S ACQUIR$ PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE :I* TE*NICIANS (T5 LACK$4 ,& ! MANUAL WORK]S' COMMITTEES C\LD ALWAYS ADVISE ! TE*NICIANS ON ! FEASIBILITY ( V>I\S PLANS & MAKE SUGGE/IONS4  

 ,UND] SOCIALIZ$ TRANSPORTATION BETT] S]VICE WAS PROVID$ = MORE RID]S 7AN 9CREASE ( #e MILLION TRIPS 9 ONE YE>74 ,BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION ONLY #b.0 ( SUPPLIES = MA9T5ANCE & REPAIRS W]E MANUFACTUR$ BY ! PRIVATELY [N$ COMPANY4 ,UND] SOCIALIZATION1 )9 ONLY ONE YE>1 #i#h.0 ( ! REPAIR SUPPLIES W]E MADE 9 ! SOCIALIZ$ %OPS4 ,! UNION ALSO PROVID$ FREE M$ICAL S]VICES1 9CLUD+ CL9ICS & HOME NURS+ C>E1 = ! WORK]S & !IR FAMILIES4--,$4 

.<#d#i.> ,:ILE CONC$+ ?IS PO9T1 ! WISDOM ( SU* AN >RANGEM5T HAS BE5 CONTE/$ ON ! GR\NDS ?AT JU/ICE W\LD HAVE BE5 BETT] S]V$ BY PROPORTIONAL REPRES5TATION4--,$4 

.<#e.> ,!RE W]E TWO BIG RAILWAY UNIONS1 ! ,U,G,T ,NATIONAL ,RAILWAY ,UNION & ! ,C,N,T ,NATIONAL ,9DU/RIAL ,F$]ATION ( ,RAILWAY ,WORK]S4 ,9 ,CATALONIA1 MO/ ( ! RAILWAY WORK]S ADH]$ TO ! ,C,N,T4 ,9 ! RE/ ( ,SPA91 BE=E ,JULY #a#i?1 ! MAJORITY ( ! RAILWAY WORK]S BELONG$ TO ! ,U,G,T4 ,BUT ) ! GR[? ( ! ,C,N,T UNIONS AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,C,N,T MEMB]%IP ALMO/ EQUAL$ ?AT ( ! ,U,G,T4  

 ,TE*NICIANS :O FL$ W]E REPLAC$ BY CAPABLE1 EXP]I5C$ WORK]S *OS5 BY !IR WORKMATES4 ,AL?\< !SE WORK]S HAD LESS =MAL TE*NICAL S*OOL+1 !Y KNEW H[ TO GET ?+S DONE PROP]LY4 ,) ! CLOSE COOP]ATION ( ! WORK]S POSSESS+ PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE )9 !IR [N SPECIAL FIELD1 EFFICI5T RAILWAY S]VICE WAS QUICKLY RE/OR$4  

 ,! CUMB]SOME BUREAUCRATIC ADM9I/RATION ( ! RAILWAYS WAS DISMANTL$ & ! NEW SY/EM DEC5TRALIZ$ TO 9SURE G5U9E & EFFICI5T RANK & FILE WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T AT ALL LEVELS3 LOCAL1 REGIONAL1 & NATIONAL4 ,EA* SECTION & SUBSECTION DESIGNAT$ ITS [N TE*NICAL_/ADM9I/RATIVE COMMITTEE4 ,EA* SECTION ALSO ELECT$ ITS [N DELEGATES TO ! COORD9AT+ COMMISSION 9 EA* LOCALITY4 ,! G5]AL MEMB]%IP MEET+S ( ! V>I\S SECTIONS MET TWICE MON?LY1 9 TURN1 TO REVIEW ! REPORTS ( ! COORD9AT+ COMMISSION & ISSUE NEW 9/RUCTIONS4  

 ,?IS PROC$URE WAS ALSO APPLI$ TO ! REORGANIZATION ( ! RAILWAY SY/EM ( ,CATALONIA 9TO A UNIFI$ F$]ATION 9 :I* ! LOCAL & REGIONAL OP]ATIONS W]E SYN*RONIZ$ BY ! 9T]LOCK+ LOCAL & REGIONAL COORD9AT+ COMMITTEE4  

 ,! ,F$]ATION CONSI/$ ( ?REE MA9 DIVISIONS3 TRAFFIC1 TE*NICAL_/5G9E]+1 & ADM9I/RATION4 ,! TE*NICAL_/5G9E]+ DEP>TM5T WAS SUBDIVID$ 9TO ?REE SECTIONS3 MAT]IAL & TRACTION1 P[]1 & RI<T-(-WAY & CON/RUCTION4 ,! FIR/ TOOK C>E ( ! UPKEEP ( LOCOMOTIVE DEPOTS1 FREI<T & PASS5G] EQUIPM5T1 & REPAIR %OPS4 ,! SECOND SECTION TOOK C>E ( ELECTRICITY1 FUEL 7COAL & OIL7 /ATIONS1 TRACKAGE1 & COMMUNICATIONS 7TELEGRAPH1 TELEPHONE SIGNAL SY/EM1 ETC474 ,! ?IRD SECTION >RANG$ TO FURNI% PROVISIONS TO ALL EMPLOYES AT CO/ PRICE & ALSO OP]AT$ A S*OOL = TE*NICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE TRA9+4  

 ,! ADM9I/RATIVE DIVISION WAS ALSO DIVID$ 9TO ?REE SECTIONS4 ,! FIR/ SECTION DEALT ) SAFETY1 CLEAN+ ( C>S & EQUIPM5T1 & FIR/ AID FACILITIES 9 /ATIONS & WORKPLACES4 ,! SECOND SECTION TOOK C>E ( F9ANCES & ACC\NT+1 KEPT DAILY RECORDS ( REV5UE & EXP5DITURES1 & COMPIL$ /ATI/ICAL 9=MATION4 ,! ?IRD SECTION WAS CONC]N$ ) PROVID+ = ! G5]AL WELF>E ( ! WORK]S & DEP5D5TS 7ADEQUATE M$ICAL S]VICE1 HOME NURS+1 OP]ATION ( CL9ICS1 ETC474  

 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #e?1 #a#i#c#f1 AFT] ! WORK]S TOOK OV] POSSESSION ( ! RAILWAYS1 ! F$]ATION CIRCULAT$ A QUE/IONNAIRE1 EXPLA9$ ?AT3  

 ,9 VIEW ( ! PR(\ND SOCIO-ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION 9 \R C\NTRY1 WE MU/ WORK \T NEW & BETT] WAYS ( IMPROV+ \R RAILWAY SY/EM444 ,WE APPEAL TO \R COMRADES 9 G5]AL1 & TO ALL /ATION COMMITTEES 9 P>TICUL>1 TO SUPPLY ! FOLL[+ 9=MATION 444 7,AB\T T5 KEY QUE/IONS RELATIVE TO BETT] COORD9ATION1 S]VICES1 & AUXILI>Y TRANSPORTATION W]E LI/$474  

 ,AMONG ! A*IEVEM5TS ( ! NEW ADM9I/RATION WAS PROVID+ BUS & TRUCK S]VICE TO REMOTE >EAS 9 ,CATALONIA 7ESPECIALLY 9 ! PROV9CE ( ,L]IDA7 PREVI\SLY DEPRIV$ ( ADEQUATE S]VICE4 ,! DEFICIT 9CURR$ WAS MADE UP BY BETT] REV5UES FROM O!R L9ES4--,$4 

.<#e#a.> ,WELF>E1 BETT] KN[N AS 0FR+E B5EFITS10 IS N[ TAK5 = GRANT$ 9 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES4 ,9 ! ,SPA9 ( #a#i#c#f1 & 9 MANY C\NTRIES EV5 N[1 SU* 0EXTREME0 9NOVATIONS W]E REG>D$ AS 0REVOLUTION>Y40--,$4 

.<#e#b.> ,! ,F$]AT$ ,PUBLIC ,UTILITY ,WORK]S ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ( ,CATALONIA1 :I* FROM ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION ASSUR$ AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY ( WAT]1 GAS1 & ELECTRICITY1 WAS ORGANIZ$ 9 #aibg 79 SPITE ( ! OPPOSITION ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,G5]AL ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A74 ,! UNION S]VIC$ ALL ( ,CATALONIA4 ,SIMIL> REGIONAL F$]ATIONS EMBRAC+ ALL ( ,SPA9 W]E AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( ,PUBLIC ,UTILITY ,WORK]S ) HEADQU>T]S 9 ,MADRID4 ,C,N,T MEMB]%IP 9 ,CATALONIA REA*$ #h14 ,A LITTLE LESS ?AN HALF ! UTILITY WORK]S ?R\<\T ,SPA9 BELONG$ TO ! ,U,G,T4  

 ,TE*NICIANS & C]TA9 SKILL$ WORK]S BELONG NEI!R TO ! ,U,G,T OR ! ,C,N,T BUT =M$ AN 9DEP5D5T UNION4 ,! NECESSITY TO RE/ORE & IMPROVE S]VICE1 & ! FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY G5]AT$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION 9SPIR$ !M TO CLOS] UNITY ) ! MANUAL WORK]S4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ! TE*NICIANS1 AT A G5]AL MEMB]%IP MEET+1 VOT$ BY ACCLAMATION TO DISSOLVE ! 9DEP5D5T UNION & AFFILIATE ) ! ,C,N,T 7FIFTY TE*NICIANS1 SOLELY = IDEOLOGICAL REASONS JO9$ ! ,U,G,T74  

 ,IMPORTANT TE*NICAL_/ADM9I/RATIVE DECISIONS W]E MADE AT JO9T G5]AL MEMB]%IP MEET+S ( BO? UNIONS4 ,9 SPITE ( ! OPPOSITION ( !IR LEAD]S1 ! RANK & FILE ,U,G,T WORK]S COOP]AT$ 9 FULL SOLID>ITY ) !IR FELL[ WORK]S ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,WAT]1 GAS1 & ELECTRICAL S]VICE CONT9U$ TO BE FURNI%$ DUR+ ! :OLE C\RSE ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 EV5 :5 TEMPOR>ILY 9T]RUPT$ BY ! FASCI/ BOMB>DM5TS4  

 ,EA* 9/ALLATION WAS MANAG$ BY A C\NCIL ELECT$ BY ! WORK]S ( EA* DEP>TM5T4 ,TO COORD9ATE ! WORK ( ! :OLE DI/RICT1 ! G5]AL MEMB]%IP ( EA* 9/ALLATION NAM$ TWO DELEGATES TO ! ,DI/RICT ,9DU/RIAL ,C\NCIL--ONE TE*NICAL & ! O!R ADM9I/RATIVE4  

 ,AS 9 ! LOCAL1 DI/RICT1 & REGIONAL BODIES1 EA* 9DU/RY 7WAT]1 GAS1 & ELECTRICITY7 WAS COMPOS$ ( EI<T DELEGATES1 F\R FROM ! ,U,G,T & F\R FROM ! ,C,N,T4 ,HALF !SE DELEGATES W]E NAM$ BY ! G5]AL ASSEMBLIES ( ! UNIONS4 ,! O!R HALF W]E NAM$ BY ! G5]AL ASSEMBLIES ( ! TE*NICAL WORK]S4 ,?IS PROC$URE WAS ADOPT$ TO MAKE SURE ?AT ONLY ! MO/ QUALIFI$ TE*NICIANS W\LD BE *OS54 ,= 9 G5]AL MEET+S ! MEMB]S MI<T BE P]SUAD$ BY CLEV] ORATORS & POLITICIANS TO *OOSE LESS CAPABLE DELEGATES = IDEOLOGICAL & POLITICAL REASONS4  

 ,! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL ( ALL ?REE 9DU/RIES WAS ALSO COMPOS$ ( EI<T DELEGATES1 F\R FROM ! ,U,G,T & F\R FROM ! ,C,N,T4 ,! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL COORD9AT$ ! JO9T A ACTIVITIES ( ! ?REE 9DU/RIES1 H>MONIZ$ PRODUCTION1 PROCUREM5T1 & DI/RIBUTION ( ESS5TIAL SUPPLIES1 ORGANIZ$ ! OV]ALL G5]AL ADM9I/RATION1 FIX$ RATES = S]VICES1 & PUT =? O!R MEASURES B5EFIT+ ! CONSUM]S4 ,IT MU/ BE EMPHASIZ$ ?AT ! POLICIES ( ! ,G5]AL ,C\NCIL 7AS WELL AS ! OP]ATIONS ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,C\NCILS7 W]E AT EV]Y LEVEL CONTROLL$ BY ! MEMB]%IP4--,$4 

.<#e#c.> ,9 ?IS CONNECTION1 ,SECTION ,B ( ITS REPORT1 HEAD$ ,! ,/RUCTURE ( ! ,COLLECTIVE ,ORGANIZATION ( ! ,TEXTILE ,9DU/RY1 READS3  

 ,:5 COLLECTIVIZATION 9 EA* EXPROPRIAT$ FACTORY IS PUT 9TO EFFECT1 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,CONTROL .<:I* KEPT TABS ON ! =M] [N]S.> WILL BECOME ! ,TE*NICAL ,ADVISORY ,COMMITTEE 444 :I* WILL BE *OS5 BY ALL ! WORK]S ( ! FACTORY AT A G5]AL ASSEMBLY CONVOK$ BY ! ,FACTORY ,C\NCIL & ! ,UNION ,LOCAL444  

 ,! HEAD+ ,DEP>TM5TS--,ORGANIZ+ A ,GR\P ( ,FACTORIES READS3  

 ,! COMMITTEES *>G$ ) ! COORD9ATION & ADM9I/RATION ( ALL FACTORIES 9 A GIV5 CITY OR C\NTY WILL BE *OS5 BY ! TE*NICAL COMMITTEES ( !SE FACTORIES SUBJECT TO ! APPROVAL ( ! G5]AL ASSEMBLY ( ! ,TEXTILE ,WORK]S ,9DU/RIAL ,UNION ( ! GIV5 CITY OR C\NTY444 7,COLLECTIVIZATIONS1 P4 #e1 #eb 7--,$4 

.<#e#d.> ,FROM ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y1 ,NA*T UB] ,SPANI51 PP4 #a#a#a-#a#a#b4 

.<#e#e.> ,FROM ,COLLECTIVIZATIONS3 ,L',\EVRE ,CON/RUCTIVE DE LA ,REVOLUTION ,ESPAGNOLE 7#a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#i7 1 PP4 #g#b-#g#d4 

.<#e#f.> ,FROM ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 ,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL91 PP4 #a#b#b-#a#b#g4 

.<#e#g.> ,?US ELIM9AT+ ! TEMPTATION ( ! PHYSICIAN TO SIPHON (F FUNDS = HIMSELF4--,$4 

.<#e#h.> ,ON ! EXT5T TO :I* WAGES W]E EQUALIZ$1 AS AGA9/ ! PREVI\S GREAT DIFF]5CE 9 E>N+S4--,$4 

.<#e#i.> ,?IS SECTION CONSI/1 ( TWO P>TS ) MAT]IAL FROM ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 ,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL91 PP4 #a#f-#a#f#i2 ) ADDITIONAL MAT]IAL FROM HIS ,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE4 PP4 #c#e#g1 #c#f#i1 #cga 

.<#f.> ,9DU/RIAL 9/EAD ( CRAFT UNIONS1 :I* TOOK 9 ALL ! WORK]S 9 A GIV5 9DU/RY IRRESPECTIVE ( !IR OCCUPATION4--,$4 

.<#f#a.> ,FROM ,JOSE ,PEIRATS1 ,LA ,C,N,T 5 LA ,REVOLUCION ,ESPANOLA1 VOL4 ,I1 PP4 #c#e#f-#c#e#i4 

.<#f#b.> ,! ,C,N,T1 ?\< /RONG1 CON/ITUT$ A M9ORITY 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T ( ! NOR!RN REGION 7P>TICUL>LY ,SANT&]1 ,GIJON1 & ,L>$O71 PR$OM95TLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T & 9 ! ,BASQUE REGION BY ! ,CA?OLIC ,REPUBLICAN ,SEP>ATI/S4 ,! ,U,G,T LEAD]%IP WAS1 9 ! MA91 OPPOS$ TO COLLECTIVIZATION1 & ACCEPT$ IT ) GREAT RELUCTANCE ONLY :5 =C$ TO DO SO BY ! RANK & FILE4 ,= ?IS REASON1 COLLECTIVIZATION 9 ! ,U,G,T >EA WAS NOT AS ?OR\< AS IT W\LD HAVE BE5 IF ! SITUATION W]E REV]S$ & ! ,C,N,T UNIONS W\LD HAVE CONTROLL$ ! FI%+ 9DU/RY4 ,ANO!R & EV5 MORE IMPORTANT FACTOR WAS ! E>LY FASCI/ OCCUPATION ( ! NOR!RN ZONE1 :I* CONTRIBUT$ SO HEAVILY TO ! DEFEAT ( ! ,REPUBLIC & ALSO CUT %ORT ! UNFOLD+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION4--,$4 

.<#f#c.> ,SUMM>IZ$ BY ,PEIRATS FROM AN >TICLE BY ,SOLANO ,PALACIO 9 ! MAGAZ9E ,TIMON1 ,JULY1 #a#i#c#h4 

.<#f#d.> ,! REPORT DOES NOT EXPLA9 :Y4--,$4 

.<#f#e.> ,PRESUMABLY A SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PAP]4--,$4 

.<#f#f.> ,QUOT$ BY ,PEIRATS FROM ! ,PRESS ,S]VICE ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\? ( ,BILBAO1 ,JAN4 #a#i#c#g4 

.<#f#g.> ,FROM ,JOSE ,PEIRATS1 ,LOS ,AN>QUI/AS 5 LA ,CRISIS ,POLITICO ,ESPANOLA1 PP4 #a#d#i-#a#f#h4 

.<#f#h.> ,EX*ANGES BETWE5 COLLECTIVES & ! 0FREE M>KET0 OR ! GOV]NM5T W]E CONDUCT$ 9 ! /&>D LEGAL CURR5CY1 ! PESETA4--,$4 

.<#f#i.> ,BORN 9 ,GRAUS1 ,SEPT4 #a#d1 #a#h#d#f1 ,JOAQU9 ,CO/A DI$ ON ,FEB4 #h1 #a#i#a#a1 CURS+ GOV]NM5TS & POLITICS4 ,HE WROTE AB\T ! TRAG$Y ( ! ,SPANI% PEASANTRY & TRAC$ ! HI/ORY ( GRASS ROOTS AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVISM BY ! PEASANTS !MSELVES4 ,CO/A1 9 NO SMALL MEASURE1 9FLU5C$ ! ,SPANI% COLLECTIVI/ MOVEM5T4--,$4 

.<#g.> ,PEIRATS1 WE >E SURE1 IS REF]R+ TO ! RANK & FILE ,U,G,T MEMB]S1 NOT TO !IR LEAD]S1 :O BEHAV$ ABOM9ABLY4--,$4 

.<#g#a.> ,A MIX$ SY/EM 9 RELATION TO LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM MEANS ?AT !RE IS A TOK5 ( EX*ANGE 7V\*]1 RATION C>D1 ETC47 = SOME >TICLES & FREE DI/RIBUTION = NECESSITIES & SURPLUS >TICLES4--,$4 

.<#g#b.> ,SUPREME P[] WAS VE/$ 91 & ACTUALLY EX]CIS$ BY1 ! MEMB]%IP 9 G5]AL ASSEMBLIES1 & ALL P[] D]IV$ FROM1 & FL[$ BACK TO1 ! GRASS ROOTS ORGANIZATIONS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,LEVAL REM>KS 9 ,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE1 7P4 #b#a#i7 ?AT3  

 ,REGUL> G5]AL MEMB]%IP MEET+S W]E CONVOK$ WEEKLY1 BI-WEEKLY1 OR MON?LY 444 & !SE MEET+S W]E COMPLETELY FREE ( ! T5SIONS & RECRIM9ATIONS :I* 9EVITABLY EM]GE :5 ! P[] ( DECISION IS VE/$ 9 A FEW 9DIVIDUALS--EV5 IF DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT$4 ,! ,ASSEMBLIES W]E OP5 TO ! PUBLIC1 OBJECTIONS & PROPOSALS W]E DISCUSS$ OP5LY1 & EV]YONE C\LD P>TICIPATE 9 ! PROCE$+S4 ,DEMOCRACY EMBRAC$ ALL SOCIAL LIFE4 ,9 MO/ CASES1 EV5 ! 09DIVIDUALI/S0 :O W]E NOT MEMB]S ( ! COLLECTIVE C\LD P>TICIPATE 9 ! DISCUSSIONS1 & !Y W]E LI/5$ TO BY ! COLLECTIVI/S444--,$4 

.<#g#c.> ,FROM ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 ,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL91 PP4#a#d#c-#a#e#b4 

.<#g#d.> ,! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T HAS ALWAYS BE5 EXTREMELY S5SITIVE TO ! DANG]S ( BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATION1 P>TICUL>LY :5 IT 9VOLVES ! WORK ( SPECIALI/S1 SCI5TI/S1 & ADM9I/RATORS 7TO SAY NO?+ ( POLITICIANS74 ,9 ?IS REG>D1 ,S\*Y REPORTS ?AT ! LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVES TOOK MEASURES3  

 444 TO NIP 9 ! BUD EV]Y MANIFE/ATION ( BUREAUCRACY4 ,EV]Y WORK-GR\P HAD ITS DELEGATE4 ,TO BE WELL-9=M$ ON :AT WAS BE+ DONE1 ! COLLECTIVES >RANG$ REGUL> MEET+S ( ! ADM9I/RATIVE COMMISSIONS4 ,A G5]AL CONGRESS ( ALL ! COLLECTIVES WAS CONVOK$ EV]Y SIX MON?S4 ,AT ! CONGRESS ! PLANS & PROJECTS ( ! COLLECTIVES W]E SCRUPUL\SLY REVIEW$2 DETAIL$ 9/RUCTIONS ON ALL IMPORTANT MATT]S W]E GIV5 TO ! ADM9I/RATIVE COMMISSION4 ,9CAPABLE ADM9I/RATORS W]E REMOV$4 ,! CONGRESS CONTROLL$ ALL OP]ATIONS ( ! ,F$]ATION444 7,NA*T UB] ,SPANI51 P4 #a#e#e7--,$4 

.<#g#e.> ,?AT IS1 MADE AVAILABLE TO COLLECTIVES 9 %ORT SUPPLY1 = EXPORT1 ETC4 ,S\*Y OBS]V$ ?AT3 0444 ! COMM]CIAL TRANSACTIONS BECAME SO COMPLEX ?AT ! ,F$]ATION DECID$ TO ORGANIZE A BANK ONLY TO EXP$ITE ! PUR*ASE & SALE ( PRODUCTS AT HOME & ABROAD 444 0 ,S\*Y /RESSES ?AT IT WAS NOT A CAPITALI/ BANK MAK+ PR(IT ?R\< USURY4 7,NA*T UB] ,SPANI51 P4 #a#e#f7--,$4 

.<#g#f.> ,FROM ,JOSE ,PEIRATS1 ,LA ,C,N,T 5 LA ,REVOLUCION ,ESPANOLA1 VOL4 ,I1 PP4 #c#d-#c#d#b4 

.<#g#g.> ,WE EMPHASIZ$ ! PHRASE TRADITIONAL B\ND>IES MU/ BE ELIM9AT$ BECAUSE IT /RESSES ! DET]M9ATION ( ! ASSEMBL$ COLLECTIVI/S TO DO AWAY ) ! >BITR>Y T]RITORIAL B>RI]S IMPOS$ UPON ! PEOPLE BY ! /ATE1 & TRANSC5D--TO USE ,LEVAL'S PHRASE--0! K9D ( PETTY LOCAL & EV5 REGIONAL PATRIOTISM :I* SPR+S FROM A N>R[ & FALSE CONCEPTION ( TRUE COMMUNALISM40--,$4 

.<#g#h.> ,APPLY+ ! SAME PR9CIPLE TO EX*ANGE ( COMMODITIES BETWE5 COLLECTIVES1 ! ,F$]ATION >RANG$ = ! EX*ANGE ( SURPLUS PRODUCTS = GOODS 9 %ORT SUPPLY4 

.<#g#i.> ,FROM ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y1 ,NA*T UB] ,SPANI51 PP4 #a#c#g-#a#c#i2 #a#d#e-#a#d#g2 #a#d#g-#a#d#i1 #a#e#a4 

.<#h.> ,?AT IS1 BY P]SONAL PREF]5CE4 ,AN 0AFF9ITY GR\P+0 C\LD BE CALL$ A WORK+ P>TN]%IP ( CLOSE FRI5DS4--,$4 

.<#h#a.> ,5T]PRISES NOT EMPLOY+ WAGE LABOR4--,$4 

.<#h#b.> ,?IS SELECTION IS DIVID$ 9TO ?REE P>TS4 ,! FIR/ IS FROM ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 ,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL91 PP4 #b#c#d-#b#e#b4 ,! SECOND IS FROM ,AL>DO ,PRATS1 A SOCIALI/ OBS]V] QUOT$ BY ,PEIRATS1 ,LA ,C,N,T 5 LA ,REVOLUCION ,ESPANOLA1 VOL4 #a1 P4 #c#a#d4 ,! LA/ IS FROM ,LEVAL1 ,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE1 PP4 #i#d-#a#h4 

.<#h#c.> ,LAT]1 AS ,LEVAL HIMSELF REC\NTS1 ! ,MUNICIPAL ,C\NCIL TURN$ \T TO BE ! 5T]+ W$GE = ! DE/RUCTION ( ! COLLECTIVES BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,?IS WAS PRECISELY :Y ! GOV]NM5T 9SI/$ ?AT !Y BE RE/OR$ & ! 9DEP5D5T ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES BE DISSOLV$4--,$4 

.<#h#d.> ,9 G5]AL ?IS =M ( ORGANIZATION WAS SUITABLE = A VILLAGE ( A FEW ?\S&1 :]E PEOPLE KNEW EA* O!R & FACE-TO-FACE DEMOCRACY & SURVEILLANCE C\LD MORE EFFECTIVELY DETECT & *ECK ANY 9CIPI5T ABUSE ( P[]4--,$4 

.<#h#e.> ,! CON/RUCTION ( PIGG]IES & P\LTRY H\SES HAD NOT YET BE5 COMPLET$ :5 ,LEVAL WAS !RE4 ,ANO!R OBS]V]1 ! SOCIALI/ ,AL>DO ,PRATS1 :O SAW !M :5 COMPLET$1 GIVES ?IS 9T]E/+ ACC\NT4 ,!N HE ALSO DEPICTS O!R 9NOVATIONS4--,$4 

.<#h#f.> ,IT WAS DONE COLLECTIVELY1 LIKE A FIE/A4--,$4 

.<#h#g.> ,FROM ,H4,E4 ,KAM9SKI1 ,CEUX DE ,B>CELONE1 PP4 #a#e#f- #a#e#h4 ,! TRANSLATION IS TAK5 FROM ,AN>*Y _?#e1 ,JULY1 #a#i#f#a4 

.<#h#h.> ,FROM ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 ,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL91 PP4 #a#c#c-#a#d#c1 ! TRANSLATION IS TAK5 FROM ,RESI/ANCE AS REPR9T$ 9 ,VIEWS & ,COMM5TS1 ,OCT41 #a#i#e#h4 ,! RULES ( ! POPUL> ASSEMBLY >E ADD$ BY ! $ITOR & >E FROM ,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE1 PP4 #a#a#h-#a#a#i4 

.<#h#i.> ,S9CE ,LEVAL'S ACC\NT ( HEAL? C>E1 $UCATION1 & O!R WELF>E MEASURES 9/ITUT$ 9 ,B9EF> DID NOT DIFF] SUB/ANTIALLY FROM ?OSE 9/ITUT$ 9 O!R LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVES1 IT IS H]E OMITT$4-- ,$4 

.<#i.> ,FROM ,! ,HI/ORY ( ,SPANI% ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM1 PUBLI%$ 9 #aifh 9 ,FRANCO ,SPA96 ,IT WAS REPR9T$ 9 ,GA/ON ,LEVAL'S MON?LY ,CAHI]S DE L',HUMANISME ,LIB]TAIRE1 ,AUG4-,SEPT41 #a#i#f#i1 UND] ! TITLE1 0,AN ,EXAMPLE FROM ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION10 DEMON/RAT+ ONCE AGA91 WRITES ,LEVAL1 0! REM>KABLE CON/RUCTIVE ABILITIES ( ! LIB]T>IAN MILITANTS DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4440 

.<#i#a.> ,IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT 9 ONE YE> ! >EA SE$$ ) :EAT 9CREAS$ FROM #a1#i#c#h TO #d1#e#b#b HECT>ES 7ONE HECT>E IS AB\T #b #a_/#b ACRES71 & ) B>LEY 9CREAS$ #cbc HECT>ES TO #a1#b#d#b HECT>ES4 ,!RE W]E EV5 GREAT] 9CREASES 9 W9E PRODUCTION4 ,! VALUE ( MELONS JUMP$ FROM #a#i#f1 TO #c1 PESETAS1 & ( ALFALFA FROM #h1 TO #b#e1 PESETAS444 ,! COLLECTIVE 9/ALL$ SPL5DID FACILITIES = RAIS+ RABBITS & NEW PIG/IES = #a ANIMALS1 AS WELL AS A FOOD M>KET S]V+ #h P]SONS4-- ,NOTE BY ,LEVAL4 

.<#i#b.> ,?IS SELECTION HAS TWO P>TS4 ,! FIR/ IS BY ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 FROM ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD1 ,JANU>Y #a#f1 #a#i#c#g4 ,?IS WAS TRANSLAT$ 9 ,SPA9 & ! ,WORLD1 ,M>* #e1 #a#i#c#g4 ,! SECOND P>T IS FROM ,LEVAL'S ,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE1 PP4 #a#g#a-#a#g#d4 

.<#i#c.> ,FROM ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 9 ,CAHI]S DE ,I',HUMANISME ,LIB]TAIRE1 ,M>*1 #a#i#f#h4 ,ALSO 9 ,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL91 PP4 #a#h#b-#a#h#f4 

.<#i#d.> ,IT W\LD APPE> AT FIR/ SI<T ?AT ! EXT5SIVE ADM9I/RATIVE FUNCTIONS ( ! ,COMMITTEE C\LD EASILY LEAD TO ! ABUSE ( P[]4 ,BUT ! ,COMMITTEE1 ! CREATION ( ! :OLE COMMUNE1 IS UND] ITS CON/ANT CONTROL1 & IS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE TO ! P>5T BODY1 I4E41 ALL ! PEOPLE4-- ,$4 

.<#i#e.> ,FROM ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 ,ESPAGNE ,LIB]TAIRE1 PP4 #a#d#b-#a#d#i4 

.<#i#f.> ,FIFTY *ILDR5 P] CLASSROOM MAY APPE> EXCESSIVE1 BUT CONSID]+ ! BACKW>DNESS ( $UCATIONAL ORGANIZATION 9 ,SPA91 ?IS REPRES5TS PROGRESS4 ,! IMPORTANT ?+ IS TO COMBAT ILLIT]ACY4 ,! AU?OR TAU<T AS MANY AS #eb /UD5TS 9 ONE CLASS 7RANG+ 9 AGE FROM #e TO #a#e7 9 ! PROGRESSIVE 0RATIONALI/0 S*OOL ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,SPANI% RADICALS & LIB]ALS4-- ,$4 

.<#i#g.> ,FROM ,GA/ON ,LEVAL1 ,NE ,FRANCO NE ,/AL91 PP4 #c#f- #c#b4 ,! TRANSLATION IS FROM ,AN>*Y _?#e1 ,JULY1 #a#i#f#a4 

.<#i#h.> ,NUMB] #ad DEALS ) ! NUMB] & EXT5T ( COLLECTIVIZATION4 ,S9CE WE HAVE 9CLUD$ MORE COMPLETE 9=MATION ELSE:]E 9 ! BOOK 7SEE PAGE #g#a71 ?IS PO9T IS OMITT$4-- ,$4 .<,9 ?IS ELECTRONIC COPY1 PAGE #ga REF]S TO ! >TICLE 0,/ATI/ICAL ,9=MATION ON ,AGR>IAN & ,9DU/RIAL ,SOCIALIZATION0 9 ,*APT] #e'S ,MONEY & ,EX*ANGE BY ,S4,D4--!AN>*I/LIBR>Y CONTRIBUTOR.> 

.<#i#i.> ,A FULL] DISCUSSION ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T & ( H[ MOD]N TE*NOLOGY 7CYB]NETICS1 ! TRANSPORTATION & ! 9=MATION REVOLUTIONS1 ETC47 R5D]S !SE PR9CIPLES EV5 MORE RELEVANT IS BEYOND ! SCOPE ( ?IS WORK4 ,BUT !RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT SU* AN 9VE/IGATION IS B\ND TO YIELD FRUITFUL RESULTS & EXP$ITE ! SOLUTION ( ! PROBLEMS ( SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION :I* HAVE IMP$$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( PA/ REVOLUTIONS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigc 3 ,BIBLIOGRAPHY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#a1 #bai 3 ,BIBLIOGRAPHY -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/