,P>T #a3 ,BACKGR\ND1 ,*APT] #b3 ,! ,LIB]T>IAN ,TRADITION 

#aigdaigd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,$ITOR 3 ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

,AU?OR 3 ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y 

,AU?OR 3 ,DIEGO ,ABAD ,DE ,SANTILLAN 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION 

  

,A SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS NEI!R AN ACCID5TAL HAPP5+ NOR A C\P D'ETAT >TIFICIALLY 5G9E]$ FROM ABOVE4 

,IT IS ! CULM9ATION ( A LONG P]IOD ( GE/ATION4 ,NURTUR$ ON ! ONE H& BY NEGATIVE =CES1 !RE IS REBELLION AGA9/ OPPRESSION SPR++ FROM ! 9ABILITY ( ! OLD ORD] TO COPE ) ACUTE ECONOMIC & SOCIAL PROBLEMS4 ,ON ! O!R H& !RE >E ! POSITIVE1 CONTRUCTIVE =CES4 ,! LONG SUBM]G$ ELEM5TS ( ! NEW SOCIETY1 FRE$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION1 EM]GE AS ! OLD SOCIETY DECAYS & COLLAPSES4 ,WE >E H]E PRIM>ILY CONC]N$ ) !SE POSITIVE CON/RUCTIVE T5D5CIES & TRADITIONS :I* WILL %APE ! *>ACT] ( ! FREE SOCIETY4 

,SPANI% AN>*ISM SPR+S FROM TWO S\RCES3 ! 9H]5T LIB]T>IAN TRADITION ( RURAL COLLECTIVES1 & ! DEEPLY ROOT$ & MILITANTLY F$]ALI/ T5D5CIES :I* F\ND EXPRESSION 9 ,BAKUN9'S AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES4 ,WE BRIEFLY TRACE !SE TWO S\RCES BEL[4 

,WE CONCLUDE ?IS *APT] ) ! SUMMATION ( AN >TICLE BY ! AN>*I/ !ORETICIAN ,ISAAC ,PU5TE4.<#a#h.> ,IT IS AN EXAMPLE ( H[ !SE TWO F\NDATIONS ( ,SPANI% AN>*ISM 9T]ME%4 ,HE CONTRA/S ! /ATE & AU?ORIT>IAN ORGANIZATION ) ! FREE ASSOCIATION ( 9DIVIDUALS ?R\< LIB]T>IAN URBAN 9DU/RIAL & AGR>IAN ORGANIZATION4 ,AS HE WROTE 9 ,C,N,T 7,OCTOB] #b#d1 #a#i#c#c71 0,WE >E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 *ANG+ GOV]NM5TS4 ,:AT WE WANT IS TO SUPPRESS !M4440 ,H]E1 ,PU5TE \TL9ES ALT]NATIVES TO ! AU?ORIT>IAN ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY4 

,! ,RURAL ,COLLECTIVI/ ,TRADITION  

 BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

  

,G]ALD ,BR5AN HAS WRITT5 ?AT 09 ITS ROOTS ,SPANI% ,AN>*ISM IS RURAL40 7P4 #a#i#i7 ,!RE IS 9DE$ A /RONG AGRICULTURAL & PA/ORAL TRADITION 9 ,SPA9 ?AT IS AN>*I/IC4 ,?IS IS NOT1 H[EV]1 ALL !RE IS TO ,SPANI% AN>*ISM1 AS WE %ALL SEE 9 ! NEXT SECTION ( ?IS *APT]4 ,BUT IT IS FROM RURAL ROOTS ?AT ! FIR/ LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVES SPRANG4 ,!Y W]E NOT 9V5T$ BY ! AN>*I/S BUT DATE BACK TO M$IEVAL TIMES4  
  

,AGR>IAN COLLECTIVISM IS TRADITIONAL 9 ! ,IB]IAN ,P59SULA1 AS IT IS AMONG ! ,B]B]S & 9 ! ANCI5T ,RUSSIAN MIR4 ,! HI/ORIANS ,CO/A & ,REP>EZ TRACE ! ORIG9S ( A GREAT MANY ,IB]IAN COLLECTIVES444 ,A =M ( RURAL LIB]T>IAN-COMMUNISM EXI/$ 9 ! ,IB]IAN ,P59SULA BE=E ! ,ROMAN 9VASION4 ,NOT EV5 FIVE C5TURIES ( OPPRESSION BY ,CA?OLIC K+S1 ! ,/ATE & ! ,*UR* HAVE BE5 ABLE TO ]ADICATE ! SPONTANE\S T5D5CY TO E/ABLI% LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/IC COMMUNITIES444 7,COMPO ,LIBRE1 AN>*I/ MAGAZ9E1 #a#i#c#f1 QUOT$ 9 ,M9TZ1 PP4 #c#d1 #c#e7  
  

,! BEG9N+S ( COLLECTIVE L& T5URE >E OBSCURE BUT PROBABLY COME FROM MANY S\RCES--SU* AS ! WORK+ ( L& ?AT W\LD ONLY YIELD TO COLLECTIVE EF=TS1 & GRANTS ( L& TO COMMUNITIES ( LIB]AT$ S]FS DESIGN$ TO POPULATE C]TA9 >EAS4 ,BY ! #a#h? C5TURY !RE W]E A GREAT MANY VILLAGES 9 NOR!RN ,SPA9 ?AT [N$ ! SURR\ND+ L& & ! VILLAG]S W\LD P]IODICALLY DIVIDE IT UP AMONG !MSELVES4 ,9 ! ,PYR5EES !RE W]E %EPH]D COMMUNITIES ?AT HAD COMMUNAL PA/URES4 

,RURAL COLLECTIVISM WAS NOT LIMIT$ TO L& T5URE ALONE1 AS 9 MANY O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD4 ,9 FACT AN AMAZ+ /R5G? ( ,SPANI% COLLECTIVISM WAS ! T5D5CY ( ! PEOPLE TO 9TRODUCE COLLECTIVI/ OR COOP]ATIVE WAYS ( DO+ ?+S 9TO O!R ASPECTS ( !IR DAILY LIFE4  
  

,:AT IS1 H[EV]1 REM>KABLE IS ?AT 9 ,SPA9 ! VILLAGE COMMUNITIES SPONTANE\SLY DEVELOP$ ON ?IS BASIS AN EXT5SIVE SY/EM ( MUNICIPAL S]VICES1 TO ! PO9T ( !IR SOMETIMES REA*+ AN ADVANC$ /AGE ( COMMUNISM4 7,BR5AN1 P4 #c#c#i7  
  

,MUNICIPAL COOP]ATIVES (T5 PROVID$ = ! NE$S ( VILLAGE 9HABITANTS3 ANY?+ FROM ! SURGEON TO PAPAL 9DULG5CES4 ,GUILDS PROVID$ SICKNESS & OLD AGE 9SURANCE = !IR MEMB]S4 ,SOME FI%+ COMMUNITIES BECAME COLLECTIVIZ$ AS E>LY AS ! #a#f? C5TURY4 ,EV5 E>LY 9DU/RIAL UND]TAK+S1 LIKE NET-MAK+1 W]E COLLECTIVIZ$4 

,BR5AN GIVES IMPRESSIVE EXAMPLES ( !SE COLLECTIVES FROM ! 9VE/IGATIONS ( ,J4 ,LANGDON ,DAVIES & ,JOAQU9 ,CO/A1 ! GREATE/ HI/ORIAN ( AGR>IAN COLLECTIVISM 9 ,SPA94 ,WE CAN DO NO BETT] ?AN TO QUOTE FROM HIS EXAMPLE ( ! VILLAGE ( ,PORT DE LA ,SELVA 9 ,CATALONIA4 ,BR5AN DRAWS ON ,DAVIES' DESCRIPTION MADE %ORTLY BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W> & !N ADDS HIS [N HI/ORICAL CONTEXT3  
  

,! VILLAGE WAS RUN BY A FI%]M5'S COOP]ATIVE4 ,!Y [N$ ! NETS1 ! BOATS1 ! CUR+ FACTORY1 ! /ORE H\SE1 ! REFRIG]AT+ PLANT1 ALL ! %OPS1 ! TRANSPORT LORRIES1 ! OLIVE GROVES & ! OIL REF9]Y1 ! CAFE1 ! !AT]1 & ! ASSEMBLY ROOMS4 ,!Y HAD DEVELOP$ ! POSITO1 OR MUNICIPAL CR$IT FUND POSSESS$ BY EV]Y VILLAGE 9 ,SPA91 9TO AN 9SURANCE AGA9/ DEA?1 ACCID5T1 & LOSS ( BOATS4 ,!Y CO9$ !IR [N MONEY444 ,PORT DE LA ,SELVA WAS 9 %ORT A LIB]T>IAN REPUBLIC & HAD A*IEV$ ! IDEAL ( ALL ?OSE VILLAGES ( ,CATALONIA1 ,&ALUSIA & EV5 ,CA/ILE :I* AT DIFF]5T TIMES DUR+ ! PA/ C5TURY HAVE DECL>$ !MSELVES 9DEP5D5T & HAVE PROCE$$ TO DIVIDE UP L&S & ISSUE !IR [N CO9AGE444.<#a#i.> 

,:AT IS 9T]E/+ IS TO SEE H[ NATURALLY !SE COOP]ATIVES HAVE FITT$ 9TO ! ,SPANI% SC5E4 ,= ,PORT DE LA ,SELVA IS ONE ( ! OLD FI%]M5'S COMMUNES ( ,CATALONIA :I* HAVE EXI/$ FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL444 ,H]E !N WE HAVE A MOD]N PRODUCTIVE COOP]ATIVE GRAFT$ ON TO AN ANCI5T COMMUNAL ORGANIZATION & FUNCTION+ P]FECTLY4 7PP4 #c#c#g1 #c#c#h7  
  

,!RE W]E1 ( C\RSE1 O!R =CES AT WORK4 ,?R\< ! YE>S MANY MUNICIPALITIES LO/ !IR 'DEMOCRATIC QUALITIES AS ! K+1 NOBLES1 & RI* M]*ANTS 9T]V5$4 ,! MUNICIPALITY (T5 BECAME AN 9/RUM5T ( CO]CION & /ATE P[]4 

,AFT] #a#h#f#h1 AN>*I/ ?\<T BEGAN TO 9FLU5CE POPUL> DISS5T4 7,SEE 0,! ,AN>*I/ ,9FLU5CE0 BEL[7 ,! WORK]S ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9TO LOCAL F$]ATIONS OR SYNDICATES4 ,!SE SYNDICATES PROVID$ ! ORGANIZATIONAL BASIS = REVOLUTION>Y PRESSURE1 & !Y PORT5D$ ! ORGANIZATIONAL =M ( ! COLLECTIVES DUR+ ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,!Y W]E ALSO ID5TICAL 9 EV]Y WAY TO ! VILLAGE ASSEMBLY 9 MANY E>LY MUNICIPALITIES4 

,AN IMPORTANT P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION 9 #aiah GIVES A FLAVOR ( ! ROLE 7AS A NEW =M & AN OLD =M7 ?AT ! SYNDICATE PLAY$3  
  

,?AT AUTUMN SAW !RE=E ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( AGRICULTURAL WORK]S ( ! S\? & EA/ ( ,SPA91 TOGE!R ) ! TRADESM5 & ! WORK]S 9 SMALL LOCAL 9DU/RIES1 ORGANIZ$ 9 ONE VA/ ?\< LOOSE SYNDICATE4 ,! BEG9N+ ( A PEASANTS' CONF$]ATION ?AT W\LD COV] ! :OLE ( ,SPA9 SEEM$ TO BE 9 SI<T4 ,DUR+ !SE YE>S ! LOCAL SYNDICATES EV]Y:]E ACQUIR$ IMM5SE PRE/IGE & AU?ORITY4 ,!IR LEAD+ M51 :O SAT ON ! COMMITTEES1 W]E ! REAL RUL]S ( ! DI/RICTS4 ,! MUNICIPALITY KEPT ONLY A NOM9AL P[]4 ,EV]Y ,SUNDAY ! SYNDICATE W\LD MEET 9 FULL ASSEMBLY TO DISCUSS LOCAL AFFAIRS4 ,! :OLE VILLAGE ATT5D$ & ANYONE :O WI%$ TO HAD ! RI<T TO SPEAK4 ,RESOLUTIONS W]E PASS$ & VOT+ TOOK PLACE BY A %[ ( H&S4 ,DUR+ ! RE/ ( ! WEEK ! COMMITTEE 5=C$ ITS WILL BY A SY/EM ( F9ES AGA9/ :I* AN APPEAL C\LD ALWAYS BE MADE TO ! VILLAGE ASSEMBLY4 ,:AT ONE WAS WITNESS+ WAS REALLY ! REBIR? ( ! MUNICIPALITY ( ! E>LY ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 7,BR5AN1 PP4 #a#h1 #a#h#a7  
  

,PEASANT MOVEM5TS ON AS GREAT OR GREAT] A SCALE LAUN*$ 9 ! YE>S IMM$IATELY PREC$+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> ( #aicf >E BETT] KN[N4 ,FRANZ ,M9TZ CITES FRU/RAT$ PEASANT REBELLIONS TO 9/ITUTE ,COMUNISMO ,LIB]T>IO 9 #dc VILLAGES 9 ,GRANADA1 ,MALAGA1 ,ALM]IA1 & ,JA54  
  

,9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#c#b1 ! ,F,A,I LAUN*$ AN 9SURRECTIONAL MOVEM5T 9 ! M9+ REGION ( ,UPP] ,LLOBREGAT & ,CORDONA444 ,9 ! ,LEVANT AT ! 5D ( #a#i#c#b1 ,BET]A1 ,BUG>RA1 ,P$RALBA1 & ,RIB>OJA PROCLAIM$ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 HOI/$ ! R$ & BLACK FLAG1 BURNT RECORDS1 & ANN\NC$ ! ABOLITION ( MONEY1 PRIVATE PROP]TY1 & ! 'EXPLOITATION ( MAN BY MAN4' 7,M9TZ1 PP4 #a#a-#a#b1 #d-#d#a1 #d#e4 ,HE ALSO CITES O!R EXAMPLES47  
  

,! NATURE ( ! ,SPANI% RURAL COLLECTIVI/ TRADITION GOES WELL BEYOND PECULI> AGR>IAN CONDITIONS1 AS WE HAVE SUGGE/$4 ,IT WAS ALL 5COMPASS+1 T5ACI\S1 & CLE> AB\T ITS GOALS3  
  

,!RE HAS NOT BE5 A PEASANT RIS+ 9 ,&ALUSIA 9 ! LA/ HUNDR$ YE>S :5 ! VILLAGES DID NOT =M COMMUNES1 DIVIDE UP ! L&1 ABOLI% MONEY1 & DECL>E !MSELVES 9DEP5D5T--FREE1 ?AT IS1 FROM ! 9T]F]5CE ( 0=EIGN0 L&LORDS & POLICE4 7,BR5AN1 P4 #a#i#f7  
  

,SIMIL>LY1 AS PEASANTS CAME TO ! CITIES TO WORK 9 FACTORIES1 ETC41 !Y BR\<T ?IS COLLECTIVI/ TRADITION ) !M4  
  

.<,9DU/RIAL WORK]S.> ASK1 FIR/ ( ALL1 = SELF-GOV]NM5T = !IR 9DU/RIAL VILLAGE OR SYNDICATE1 & !N = A %ORT5+ ( ! H\RS1 A R$UCTION 9 ! QUANTITY ( ! WORK4 ,!Y ASK = MORE LIB]TY & MORE LEISURE & ABOVE ALL MORE RESPECT = HUMAN DIGNITY1 BUT NOT NECESS>ILY A HI<] /&>D ( LIV+4 7,BR5AN1 P4 #a#i#f7  
  

,WE CONCLUDE BY QUOT+ ,BR5AN ONCE MORE3 0,AGA9 ONE F9DS ! AN>*I/S HA/5+ TO RE/ORE ! GR\NDWORK ( LOCAL LIFE FROM :I* ,SPA9 9 ! DAYS ( H] GREATNESS HAD SPRUNG40 7P4 #b#b1 NOTE ,N7 

,! ,AN>*I/ ,9FLU5CE  

 BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

  

,! RURAL COLLECTIVI/ TRADITION 9 ,SPA9 LAID ! GR\NDWORK = ,SPANI% AN>*ISM4 ,BUT IT WAS ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES ( AN>*ISM WORK$ \T BY ,BAKUN9 & ! LIB]T>IAN W+ ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ?AT DECISIVELY DET]M9$ ! ORI5TATION ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,! 0,DECL>ATION ( ,PR9CIPLES0 WRITT5 BY ,BAKUN9 ON ! F\ND+ ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY ON ,SEPT4 #b#e1 #a#h#f#h1 PROVIDES AN 9TELLECTUAL BASIS SIMIL> TO ?IS RURAL TRADITION WE HAVE ALREADY TALK$ AB\T3  
  

,! ,ALLIANCE DECL>ES ITSELF A!I/2 IT SEEKS ! COMPLETE & DEF9ITIVE ABOLITION ( CLASSES & ! POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC1 & SOCIAL EQUALITY ( BO? SEXES4 ,IT WANTS ! L& & ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR 7PRODUCTION71 LIKE ALL O!R PROP]TY .<NOT P]SONAL BELONG+S.>1 TO BE CONV]T$ 9TO ! COLLECTIVE PROP]TY ( ! :OLE SOCIETY = UTILIZATION .<NOT [N]%IP.> BY ! WORK]S3 ?AT IS1 BY AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL F$]ATIONS4 ,IT AFFIRMS ?AT ALL EXI/+ POLITICAL & AU?ORIT>IAN /ATES1 :I* >E TO BE R$UC$ TO SIMPLE ADM9I/RATIVE FUNCTIONS DEAL+ ) PUBLIC UTILITIES 9 !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES1 MU/ EV5TUALLY BE REPLAC$ BY ! WORLDWIDE UNION ( FREE ASSOCIATION1 AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL4 7,DOLG(F1 P4 #c#e7  
  

,LAT] ?AT YE>1 ! ,ALLIANCE WAS 9TRODUC$ 9TO ,SPA9 BY ,BAKUN9'S EMISS>Y1 ! ,ITALIAN REVOLUTIONI/ ,GIUSEPPE ,FANELLI4 ,?\< KN[+ NO ,SPANI%1 ,FANELLI WAS /ILL ABLE 9 A MATT] ( WEEKS TO LAY A FIRM F\NDATION = ! ACCEPTANCE ( ,BAKUN9'S AN>*ISM4 

,! F\ND]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,SPA9--M5 LIKE ,F>GA Y ,PELLIC]1 ,GASP> ,S5T9ON1 ,ANSELMO ,LOR5ZO1 ,FRANCISCO ,MORA1 ,GONZALEZ ,MORAGO1 & ,JOSE ,G>CIA ,V9AS--W]E ALL MEMB]S ( ! ,BAKUN9I/ ,ALLIANCE4 ,BY ! MIDDLE ( #ahg ! ,SPANI% ,F$]ATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL HAD OV] #b1 MEMB]S3  
  

A NEW ORGANIZATION BAS$ SOLELY UPON ! 9T]E/S1 ! NE$S & ! NATURAL PREF]5CES ( ! POPULATIONS--HAV+ NO O!R PR9CIPLE BUT ! FREE F$]ATION ( 9DIVIDUALS 9TO COMMUNES1 ( COMMUNES 9TO PROV9CES1 ( PROV9CES 9TO NATIONS1 & F9ALLY ( ! NATIONS 9TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,EUROPE FIR/1 & ( ! 5TIRE WORLD EV5TUALLY4 70,F$]ALISM1 ,SOCIALISM1 ,ANTI-,!OLOGISM01 9 ,DOLG(F1 PP4 #a#d1 #ae 7  
  

,! RESOLUTIONS ( ! LIB]T>IAN SECTIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL CON/ITUT$ ! 0,MAGNA ,C>TA0 ( ,SPANI% AN>*O-SYNDICALISM4 ,! IMPORTANT 0,PROGRAM ( ! ,ALLIANCE10 = 9/ANCE1 DIFF]5TIAT$ ! ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES FROM ! /ATE & EMPHASIZ$ ! NE$ = !SE ORGANIZATIONAL =MS TO BE CONSONANT ) ! DAILY LIFE ( ! WORK]4 ,BAKUN9 SUMM>IZ$ ?IS IMPORTANT PO9T3  
  

,! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 444 WILL TAKE ON AN ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T *>ACT] FROM ! ORGANIZATION ( ! /ATE4 ,JU/ AS ! /ATE IS AU?ORIT>IAN1 >TIFICIAL1 VIOL5T1 =EIGN1 & HO/ILE TO ! NATURAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! POPUL> 9/9CTS1 SO MU/ ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL CON=M 9 ALL RESPECTS TO !SE 9/9CTS & !SE 9T]E/S4 ,BUT :AT IS ! ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES8 ,IT IS AN ORGANIZATION BAS$ ON ! V>I\S FUNCTIONS ( DAILY LIFE & ( DIFF]5T K9DS ( LABOR4 ,IT IS ! ORGANIZATION BY PR(ESSIONS & TRADES4 ,ONCE ALL ! DIFF]5T 9DU/RIES >E REPRES5T$ 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 9CLUD+ ! CULTIVATION ( ! L&1 ITS ORGANIZATION1 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE1 WILL HAVE BE5 A*IEV$4 

,! ORGANIZATION ( ! TRADE SECTIONS & !IR REPRES5TATION 9 ! ,*AMB]S ( ,LABOR .<F$]ATIONS ( UNIONS.> CREATES A GREAT ACADEMY 9 :I* ALL ! WORK]S CAN & MU/ /UDY ECONOMIC SCI5CE2 !SE SECTIONS ALSO BE> 9 !MSELVES ! LIV+ SE$S ( ! NEW SOCIETY :I* IS TO REPLACE ! OLD WORLD4 ,!Y >E CREAT+ NOT ONLY ! IDEAS1 BUT ALSO ! FACTS ( ! FUTURE ITSELF4 7,DOLG(F1 P4 #b#e#e7  
  

,9 ! ,SPANI% CASE !SE 'SE$S' DID ALL[ = ! 9T5SE LE>N+ & POPUL> 9TELLIG5CE ?AT ACTUALLY PRODUC$ A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,AT ! NOTORI\S ,HAGUE ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #a#h#g#b1 !SE LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES W]E REPUDIAT$ BY ! ,M>XI/ FACTION & ,BAKUN91 ,GUILLAUME1 & ! LIB]T>IAN ,JURA ,F$]ATION W]E EXPELL$4 ,! 0,RESOLUTIONS ( ! ,CONGRESS ( ,SA9T-,IMI]0 A FEW DAYS LAT] RECON/ITUT$ ! LIB]T>IAN ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! ,SPANI% ,F$]ATIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 5DORS$ !SE RESOLUTIONS DUR+ ,*RI/MAS WEEK 9 ,CORDOVA1 !REBY ALIGN+ !MSELVES ) ! LIB]T>IANS & RE-EMPHASIZ+ !IR ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN DIRECTION4 ,! ?IRD RESOLUTION READS3  
  

,! ECONOMIC ASPIRATION ( ! PROLET>IAT CAN HAVE NO O!R AIM ?AN ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ABSOLUTELY FREE ORGANIZATIONS & F$]ATIONS1 BAS$ ON ! LABOR EQUALLY ( ALL & ABSOLUTELY SEP>ATE & 9DEP5D5T FROM EV]Y POLITICAL /ATE GOV]NM5T2 & ?AT !SE ORGANIZATIONS & F$]ATIONS CAN BE CREAT$ ONLY BY ! SPONTANE\S ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF1 ?AT IS1 BY ! TRADE BODIES & ! AUTONOM\S COMMUNES444 

,= !SE REASONS1 ! ,CONGRESS ( ,SA9T-,IMI] DECL>ES3  
  

#a7 ,?AT ! DE/RUCTION ( ALL POLITICAL P[] IS ! FIR/ TASK ( ! PROLET>IAT2 

#b7 ,?AT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A SO-CALL$ 0PROVISIONAL0 7TEMPOR>Y7 REVOLUTION>Y AU?ORITY TO A*IEVE ?IS DE/RUCTION CAN BE NO?+ BUT A NEW DECEPTION & W\LD BE JU/ AS DANG]\S = ! PROLET>IAT AS ANY EXI/+ GOV]NM5T4 7,DOLG(F1 PP4 #c#i1 #c#i#a7  
  
  

,! LA/ RESOLUTION UND] ! HEAD+ 0,ORGANIZATION ( ,LABOR ,/ATI/ICS0 RECOMM5DS ! NAM+ ( A COMMISSION :I* W\LD PRES5T TO ! ,CONGRESS 0A PLAN = ! UNIV]SAL RESI/ANCE ( LABOR AGA9/ CAPITALISM & ! /ATE0 & COMPLETE /ATI/ICS ON WORK TO 0EXP$ITE ?IS /RUGGLE & GUIDE LABOR0 9 SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION4 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION1 ! RESOLUTION PRAIS$ ! EF=TS ( ! 0,SPANI% SECTION AS UP TO N[ ! BE/ 444 0 

,\R PURPOSE H]E HAS BE5 TO GIVE A FEEL = ! CONT5T ( AN>*I/ ?\<T1 ESPECIALLY ,BAKUN9'S1 & A S5SE ( ITS 9FLU5CE ON ,SPA94 ,!SE TWO ELEM5TS1 ,BAKUN9'S AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE & ! NATIVE ,SPANI% COLLECTIVI/ TRADITION SPOK5 ( BE=E1 SET ! /AGE = ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S TO ACTUALLY 0EXP$ITE ?IS /RUGGLE & GUIDE LABOR0 9 SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION4 

,A WORD NE$S TO BE SAID AB\T ! 9T5SE PREOCCUPATION ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S ) LIB]T>IAN RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY4 ,IT HAS BE5 CALL$ AN 0OBSESSION0 & NOT ALTOGE!R )\T REASON4 ,= EXAMPLE1 UND] ! FOLL[+ HEAD+S ! ,S>AGOSSA ,CONGRESS 9 ,MAY1 #aicf DEF9$ 9 CONSID]ABLE DETAIL ! ORGANIZATION & /RUCTURE ( ,COMUNISMO ,LIB]T>IO & ! NECESS>Y 9ITIAL /EPS LEAD+ T[>D ! FULL REALIZATION ( ! NEW SOCIETY3 0,CON/RUCTIVE ,CONCEPTION ( ! ,REVOLUTION10 0,! ,E/ABLI%M5T ( ,COMMUNES1 ,!IR ,FUNCTION & ,/RUCTURE10 0,PLAN ( ,ECONOMIC ,ORGANIZATION10 0,COORD9ATION & ,EX*ANGE10 0,ECONOMIC ,CONCEPTION ( ! ,REVOLUTION10 0,F$]ATION ( ,9DU/RIAL & ,AGRICULTURAL ,ASSOCIATIONS10 0,>T1 ,CULTURE & ,$UCATION40 ,9 %ORT1 PRACTICALLY ! :OLE RANGE ( PROBLEMS LIKELY TO AFFECT ! ,REVOLUTION W]E DISCUSS$ 9CLUD+ RELATIONS ) NON-LIB]T>IAN 9DIVIDUALS & GR\P+S1 CRIME1 DEL9QU5CY1 EQUALITY ( SEXES1 9DIVIDUAL RI<TS1 ETC4 

,H[EV]1 IT WAS ?IS V]Y 0OBSESSION0 ?AT PRODUC$ !SE RESOLUTIONS & O!RS DEAL+ ) ! ORGANIZATION ( ! NEW SOCIETY ?AT W]E WORK$ \T BY ! V>I\S CONGRESSES ( ! ,SPANI% SECTIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 79 #a#h#g1 #a#h#g#a1 #a#h#g#b1 #a#h#h#b1 & UP TO & 9CLUD+ ! ,S>AGOSSA ,CONGRESS 9 ,MAY1 #a#i#c#f1 ONLY TWO MON?S BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W>73 RESOLUTIONS ?AT W]E1 )\T MAJOR MODIFICATIONS PUT 9TO EFFECT BY ! AGR>IAN COLLECTIVES & SOCIALIZ$ 9DU/RIES DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 

,9 A L>GELY ILLIT]ATE C\NTRY1 TREM5D\S QUANTITIES ( LIT]ATURE ON SOCIAL REVOLUTION W]E DISSEM9AT$ & READ MANY TIMES OV]4 ,! RESOLUTIONS M5TION$ ABOVE W]E MORE ?AN JU/ %[ PIECES2 !Y W]E WIDELY DISCUSS$4 ,!RE W]E T5S ( ?\S&S ( BOOKS1 PAMPHLETS & TRACTS1 VA/ & D>+ CULTURAL & POPUL> $UCATIONAL EXP]IM5TS 7! ,F]R] S*OOLS7 ?AT REA*$ 9TO ALMO/ EV]Y VILLAGE & HAMLET ?R\<\T ,SPA94  
  

,! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC 9 #a#i#c#a1 L$ TO AN \TBUR/ ( 0ANTICIPATORY0 WRIT+S3 ,PEIRATS LI/S AB\T FIFTY TITLES1 /RESS+ ?AT !RE W]E MANY MORE444 A PROLIF]ATION ( WRIT+S :I* CONTRIBUT$ GREATLY TO PREP>+ ! PEOPLE = A REVOLUTION>Y ROAD4 7,GU]91 P4 #a#b#a7  
  

,NEWSPAP]S & P]IODICALS W]E ( 5ORM\S IMPORTANCE ALSO4 0,BY ! 5D ( #aiah MORE ?AN FIFTY T[NS 9 ,&ALUSIA HAD LIB]T>IAN NEWSPAP]S ( !IR [N4 7,BR5AN1 P4 #a#g#i7 ,BY #aicd ! ,C,N,T ATTA9$ A MEMB]%IP ( #a1#e1 & ! AN>*I/ PRESS BLANKET$ ,SPA94 ,9 ,B>CELONA ! ,C,N,T PUBLI%$ A DAILY1 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 ) A CIRCULATION ( #c14 ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD ( ,B>CELONA 7A MAGAZ9E7 REA*$ A CIRCULATION ( #b12 ,VIDA ,OBR]A ( ,GIJON1 ,EL ,PRODUCTOR ( ,SEVILLE1 & ,ACCION Y ,CULTURA ( ,S>AGOSSA HAD L>GE CIRCULATIONS4 ,! MAGAZ9ES ,LA ,REVI/A ,BLANCA1 ,TIEMPOS ,NUEVOS1 & ,E/UDIOS REA*$ CIRCULATIONS ( #e1 #a#e11 & #g#e1 RESPECTIVELY4 ,?IS HAS NOT EV5 BEGUN TO EXHAU/ ! LI/4.<#b.> 

,SEV5TY-FIVE YE>S ( SU* P]SI/5T AGITATION & UNFL9*+ REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE NOT ONLY 9SPIR$ ! WORK]S & PEASANTS TO REPULSE ! FASCI/S BUT ALSO PREP>$ !M = ! GREAT CON/RUCTIVE WORK ( ! ,SPANI% LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION4 0,NEWSPAP]S & MAGAZ9ES HAD LONG BE5 IMPORTANT 9 ! WORK ( COMMUNICAT+ LIB]T>IAN IDEAS 9 ,SPA94 ,?IS IS A SAMPLE ( PUBLICATIONS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I FROM MANY CITIES & T[NS 9 ,SPA940 0,NEWSPAP]S & MAGAZ9ES HAD LONG BE5 IMPORTANT 9 ! WORK ( COMMUNICAT+ LIB]T>IAN IDEAS 9 ,SPA94 ,?IS IS A SAMPLE ( PUBLICATIONS ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I FROM MANY CITIES & T[NS 9 ,SPA940  
,! ,POLITICAL & ,ECONOMIC ,ORGANIZATION ( ,SOCIETY.<#b#a.>  

 BY ,ISAAC ,PU5TE 

  

,LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM IS BAS$ UPON ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 ! ECONOMIC 9T]E/S BE+ ! ONLY K9D ( SOCIAL L9K UPON :I* ! 9T]E/S ( ALL 9DIVIDUALS CONV]GE4 ,! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION HAS NO O!R GOAL BUT TO PLACE 9 COMMON POSSESSION :ATEV] CON/ITUTES SOCIAL WEAL? 7! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS & S]VICES7 & TO MAKE ! OBLIGATION TO CONTRIBUTE TO PRODUCTION A COMMON OBLIGATION FROM EV]YONE ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITY4 ,ALL NON-ECONOMIC AFFAIRS & FUNCTIONS WILL BE LEFT TO ! PRIVATE 9ITIATIVE & ACTIVITY ( ! 9DIVIDUALS & !IR VOLUNT>Y GR\P+S )\T \TSIDE 9T]F]5CE4 

,LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM IS ! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY )\T ! ,/ATE & )\T CAPITALI/ PROP]TY RELATIONS4 ,TO E/ABLI% LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM IT WILL NOT BE NECESS>Y TO 9V5T >TIFICIAL =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,! NEW SOCIETY WILL EM]GE 0FROM ! %ELL ( ! OLD40 ,! ELEM5TS ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY >E ALREADY PLANT$ 9 ! EXI/+ ORD]4 ,!Y >E ! ,SYNDICATE & ! ,FREE ,COMMUNE 7SOMETIMES CALL$ 0,FREE ,MUNICIPALITY07 :I* >E OLD1 DEEPLY ROOT$ NON-/ATI/ POPUL> 9/ITUTIONS SPONTANE\SLY ORGANIZ$1 & EMBRAC+ ALL T[NS & VILLAGES 9 BO? URBAN & RURAL >EAS4 ,! ,FREE ,COMMUNE IS ALSO IDEALLY SUIT$ TO COPE SUCCESSFULLY ) ! PROBLEMS ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC LIFE 9 LIB]T>IAN RURAL COMMUNITIES4 ,)9 ! ,FREE ,COMMUNE !RE IS ALSO ROOM = COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATIONS ( >TISANS1 F>M]S & O!R GR\PS OR 9DIVIDUALS :O PREF] TO REMA9 9DEP5D5T OR =M !IR [N ASSOCIATIONS TO MEET !IR [N NE$S 7PROVID+ ( C\RSE ?AT !Y DO NOT EXPLOIT HIR$ LABOR = WAGES74 

,BO? ! ,SYNDICATES & ! ,FREE ,COMMUNES1 9 ACCORDANCE ) F$]ATIVE & DEMOCRATIC PROC$URES1 WILL1 BY MUTUAL AGREEM5T1 BE FREE TO CONDUCT !IR [N AFFAIRS )9 !IR [N SPH]ES1 )\T 9T]F]5CE FROM ANY \TSIDE AU?ORITY4 ,?IS WILL NOT BE NECESS>Y BECAUSE ! WORK]S WILL1 FROM %E] NECESSITY1 7IF = NO O!R REASON7 BE OBLIG$ TO E/ABLI% !IR [N ,F$]ATIONS ( ,9DU/RIES TO COORD9ATE !IR MULTI=M ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES4 

,?R\< !IR SYNDICATES1 !IR ,FREE ,COMMUNES & !IR SUBSIDI>Y COORD9AT+ AG5CIES1 ! WORK]S WILL TAKE COLLECTIVE POSSESSION ( ALL PRIVATE 7NOT P]SONAL7 PROP]TY & COLLECTIVELY ADM9I/] PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION ( GOODS & PUBLIC S]VICES LOCALLY1 REGIONALLY & NATIONALLY4 

,! T]MS 0,LIB]T>IAN0 & 0,COMMUNISM0 D5OTE ! FUSION ( TWO 9SEP>ABLE CONCEPTS1 ! 9DISP5SABLE PR]EQUISITES = ! FREE SOCIETY3 COLLECTIVISM & 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM4 

,! CONTRA/ BETWE5 /ATI/ AU?ORIT>IAN POLITICAL ORGANIZATION & A FREE SOCIAL ORD] BAS$ UPON AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ ECONOMIC PR9CIPLES CANNOT BE MORE COMPLETE4 ,9 ORD] TO CL>IFY & ILLU/RATE !SE DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ CONCEPTIONS WE MAKE ! FOLL[+ COMP>ISONS3  
 ,! ,POLITICAL ,/ATE   ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,ORGANIZATION   #a4 ,IT TREATS ! PEOPLE AS M9ORS1 ALTOGE!R 9CAPABLE ( SELF-GOV]NM5T4   #a4 ,! WORK]S 9 EA* BRAN* ( PRODUCTION >E FULLY ABLE TO ADM9I/] !IR P>TICUL> FUNCTIONS )\T ! 9T]F]5CE ( ! ,/ATE OR ! EMPLOY+ CLASSES4   #b4 ,ALL P[]S RESIDE 9 ! ,/ATE3 ECONOMIC LIFE1 $UCATION1 ! ADM9I/RATION ( JU/ICE1 & ! 5ACTM5T & 5=CEM5T ( LAWS 9VOLV+ ALL 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL LIFE4   #b4 ,9ITIATIVE & CONTROL PASSES TO ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS3 ! CONTROL ( $UCATION TO TEA*]S2 HEAL? TO M$ICAL WORK]S2 & COMMUNICATIONS TO TE*NICIANS & WORK]S4 ,! CONTROL ( PRODUCTION BELONGS TO ! WORK]S & !IR ,F$]ATION ( ,UNIONS4   #c4 ,EV5 9 A DEMOCRATIC ,/ATE1 NOT ! PEOPLE BUT ! ,/ATE IS SOV]EIGN4 ,! ,/ATE C5TRALIZES ALL >M$ =CES 7>MY1 POLICE1 PRISONS1 & C\RTS71 :ILE ! PEOPLE >E LEFT DEF5SELESS TO RESI/ ! AGGRESSION ( ! ,/ATE4   #c4 ,P[] IS RETURN$ TO & EX]CIS$ BY ?OSE DIRECTLY AFFECT$4 ,IT IS NOT MONOPOLIZ$4 ,EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL HAS HIS CORRESPOND+ %>E !RE(1 LEAV+ TO ! COLLECTIVE :AT EV]YONE CONC$ES TO IT4 ,!RE IS AUTONOMY ( 9DIVIDUALS & COORD9ATION ( GR\PS ?R\< FREE AGREEM5T4   #d4 ,9 ! ,/ATE & ITS AU?ORIT>IAN 9/ITUTIONS ! PEOPLE >E DIVID$ BY !IR NECESS>ILY V>I$ & (T5 CONFLICT+ POLITICAL1 RELIGI\S1 & SOCIAL IDEAS & 9T]E/S4 ,IT IS PRECISELY 9 !SE >EAS :]E PEOPLE UNAVOIDABLY DIFF] MO/ & 9 A FREE SOCIETY %\LD DIFF]4   #d4 ,M5 GR\P 9TO UNIONS ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S & OCCUPATIONS1 & 9TO FREE ,COMMUNES ACCORD+ TO LOCALITY & COMMON 9T]E/S4 ,?IS IS ! >EA 9 :I* ! COMMON 9T]E/S ( ALL M5 >E GREATE/4   #e4 ,AL?\< ! ,/ATE REPRES5TS A M9ORITY1 IT /ILL CLAIMS TO HAVE MORE KN[L$GE & MORE ABILITY ?AN ! COMB9$ COLLECTIVE WISDOM & EXP]I5CE ( ALL MANK9D4 0,ONE KN[S ALL40   #e4 ,9 A FREE ,COLLECTIVITY EA* B5EFITS FROM ! ACCUMULAT$ KN[L$GE & SPECIALIZ$ EXP]I5CE ( ALL1 & VISE-V]SA4 ,!RE IS A RECIPROCAL RELATION%IP :]E9 9=MATION IS 9 CONT9U\S CIRCULATION4   #f4 ,! ,/ATE1 9 IMPOS+ A FIX$ NORM TO BE FOLL[$ AT ALL TIMES 7A CON/ITUTION OR CODE71 =FEITS ! FUTURE & CON/RICTS LIFE1 :I* IS ALWAYS MUTABLE & MULTIF>I\S4   #f4 ,9 ! 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION1 ! NORM ( CONDUCT IS DECID$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! PREVAIL+ & *ANG+ CIRCUM/ANCES4   #g4 ,! ,/ATE MONOPOLIZES EV]Y?+ = ITS [N B5EFIT4 ,! PEOPLE HAVE NO?+ TO DO BUT PAY1 OBEY1 PRODUCE1 & CON=M TO ! SUPREME WILL ( ?OSE :O COMM&3 0,GIVE ME FULL P[] & ,I WILL MAKE Y\ HAPPY40   #g4 ,ALL :O W\LD BE 0R$EEM]S0 & M$DL]S >E DISP5S$ )4 ,EV]YONE CONDUCTS HIS [N AFFAIRS1 & ?US FREES HIMSELF FROM AN IMPOS$ POLITICAL-ECONOMIC R\T9E & REGIM5TATION 9CULCAT$ BY C5TURIES ( FALSE POLITICAL 9DOCTR9ATION4   #h4 ,SOCIETY IS DIVID$ 9TO TWO CLASSES3 ?OSE :O RULE & ?OSE :O MU/ OBEY4   #h4 ,ALL PEOPLE >E EQUAL P>TN]S 9 A COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATION ( PRODUC]S4   #i4 ,! ,/ATE P]PETUATES & LEGALIZES ! FICTION ( LIB]TY1 DEMOCRACY1 & AUTONOMY1 ONLY TO DECEIVE ! PEOPLE & R5D] !M OB$I5T4   #i4 ,9DU/RIAL ADM9I/RATION REALIZES ! DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLE3 GOV]NM5T 7SELF-ADM9I/RATION7 BY ! PEOPLE4 ,IT REALIZES ! PR9CIPLE ( F$]ATION--! GRANT+ ( MAXIMUM AUTONOMY & COMMUNAL ORGANIZATION TO EA* & EV]Y UN IT ( PRODUCTION4   #a4 ,! ,/ATE EVOLVES 9 ! DIRECTION ( FASCISM OR /ATE SOCIALISM4 ,IT CAM\FLAGES ITS PR]OGATIVES1 BUT IS B\ND TO LOSE ITS PRIVILEGES AS CLASS-CONSCI\SNESS GR[S1 & AS 9DIVIDUALS GR[ 9 E?ICAL-9TELLECTUAL /ATURE4   #a4 ,EVOLUTION ELEVATES ! WORK]S TO ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE DEGREE4 ,TO DEF5D & PROMOTE ! ECONOMIC RI<TS ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 ! WORK]S EV5TUALLY E/ABLI% ORGANIZATIONS CAPABLE ( FULFILL+ !IR E?ICAL RESPONSIBILITIES & OBLIGATIONS T[>DS !IR FELL[ HUMAN BE+S4   #a#a4 ,9 AN ORGANIZATION ) A POLITICAL BASE1 P[] FL[S UPW>D T[>D ! HI]>*ICAL BUREAUCRACY & AWAY FROM ! PEOPLE4   #a#a4 ,9 AN 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION1 P[] FL[S D[NW>D T[>DS ! COLLECTIVE & ! 9DIVIDUAL4   0,A MASS DEMON/RATION ( ! ,C,N,T 9 #a#i#c#a4 ,! BANN] PROCLAIMS1 ',! UNEMPLOY$ >E />V+4 ,BREAD = \R *ILDR56'0  

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigc 3 ,P>T #a3 ,BACKGR\ND1 ,*APT] #b3 ,! ,LIB]T>IAN ,TRADITION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#a1 #bai 3 ,P>T #a3 ,BACKGR\ND1 ,*APT] #b3 ,! ,LIB]T>IAN ,TRADITION -- ,ADD$4 

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HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/