,P>T #a3 ,BACKGR\ND1 ,*APT] #c3 ,HI/ORICAL ,NOTES 

#aigdaigd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,$ITOR 3 ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

,AU?OR 3 ,AUGU/9 ,S\*Y 

,AU?OR 3 ,DIEGO ,ABAD ,DE ,SANTILLAN 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,PROLOGUE TO ,REVOLUTION  

 BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

  

,LIKE ALL GREAT MOVEM5TS1 ! ,REVOLUTION MU/ BE EVALUAT$ )9 ! CONTEXT ( ! CONFLICT+ =CES ?AT %AP$ ITS C\RSE4 ,9 P>TICUL> LET US REVIEW ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I & ! POLITICAL P>TIES DUR+ ! CRUCIAL YE>S BETWE5 ! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,REPUBLIC 9 ,APRIL1 #a#i#c#a1 & ! \TBREAK ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> ON ,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#c#f4 

,AFT] ! GREAT /RIKES :I* PRECIPITAT$ ! COLLAPSE ( ! MON>*Y1 ! ,REPUBLIC WAS =M$ BY A COALITION ( B\RGEOIS REPUBLICANS & SOCIALI/S4 ,9 ! G5]AL ELECTIONS TO ! ,CORTES 7! ,SPANI% P>LIAM5T71 #aae ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY C&IDATES1 BACK$ BY ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 W]E ELECT$4 ,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 ! SOCIALI/ LEAD]1 BECAME ! P[]FUL ,M9I/] ( ,LABOR4 ,DUR+ HIS T]M ( (FICE 7#a#i#c#a-#c#c7 ! SOCIALI/ DOM9AT$ LABOR ORGANIZATION1 ! ,U,G,T1 BECAME ! UN(FICIAL LABOR FRONT ( ! GOV]NM5T & ?\S&S ( SOCIALI/S APPO9T$ TO GOV]NM5T PO/S RE9=C$ ! BUREAUCRATIC APP>ATUS ( ! ,REPUBLIC4.<#b#b.> 

,! #f1 MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T REPRES5T$ AT ITS FIR/ OP5 CONGRESS 7#a#i#c#a7 REFUS$ TO COLLABORATE ) ?IS NEW GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ,B>CELONA1 A MASS MEET+ ( #a1 WORK]S TOOK UP ! SLOGAN3 ,AS AGA9/ ! BALLOT BOX--! SOCIAL REVOLUTION6 ,ONE ( ! PO/]S READ3 ,! ,CORTES IS A B>REL ( ROTT5 APPLES4 ,IF WE S5D \R DEPUTIES !RE1 !Y TOO WILL BECOME ROTT54 ,DON'T VOTE6 

,AS ,M9I/] ( ,LABOR1 ,CABALL]O 9TRODUC$ A S]IES ( LAWS REGULAT+ RELATIONS BETWE5 WORK]S & EMPLOY]S4 ,!SE SEV]ELY LIMIT$ ! RI<T TO /RIKE BY 9/ITUT+ COMPULSORY >BITRATION ( ALL DISPUTES4 ,ALL CONTRACTS BETWE5 WORK]S & EMPLOY]S HAD TO CON=M TO GOV]NM5T LAWS & ! GOV]NM5T 5=C$ ! FULFILLM5T ( CONTRACTS4 ,A :OLE >MY ( NEWLY APPO9T$ GOV]NM5T (FICIALS 7MO/LY SOCIALI/S7 5=C$ !SE LAWS TO FAVOR ! ,U,G,T4 ,AS 9T5D$1 !Y W]E US$ AGA9/ ! ,C,N,T4 ,?US UND] ,CABALL]O ! MEMB]%IP ( ! ,U,G,T JUMP$ FROM #c1 :5 HE TOOK (FICE TO #a1#b#e1 9 #a#i#c#c4.<#b#c.> ,ANO!R LAW1 O/5SIBLY AGA9/ 0SOCIALLY DANG]\S ELEM5TS10 WAS ! PRETEXT = 9T]N+ ,C,N,T MILITANTS 9 CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,P]SECUTION & 9T]MITT5T P]IODS ( LEGALITY & ILLEGALITY MADE IT IMPOSSIBLE1 = 9/ANCE1 = !M TO HOLD ANO!R CONGRESS UNTIL #a#i#c#f4 

,AS NOT$ BY ,SANTILLAN1 ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( ! MILIT>Y & CIVILIAN (FICE HOLD]S :O HAD FAI?FULLY S]V$ ! MON>*Y CONT9U$ TO S]VE ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,>MY1 ! ,*UR*1 & ! WEAL?Y L&HOLD]S & CAPITALI/S UND] ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,!Y CONT9U$ TO SABOTAGE ! 5=CEM5T ( EV]Y PROGRESSIVE MEASURE4 ,WORSE YET1 ! NEW SOCIALI/ & REPUBLICAN (FICIALS SOON ACQUIR$ ALL ! VISES ( ! OLD MON>*ICAL ADM9I/RATION4 

,IT SOON BECAME PLA9 ?AT ! ,REPUBLIC REPRES5T$ NO?+ FUNDAM5TALLY NEW = ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE4 ,! COM+ ( ! ,REPUBLIC DID NOT SIGNAL ! DAWN+ ( A NEW & BETT] SOCIAL ORD] TRULY CAPABLE ( SATISFY+ ! PRESS+ NE$S & ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! URBAN & RURAL WORK]S4 ,RA!R1 ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T1 FROM ! BEG9N+ & ?R\<\T ITS EXI/5CE1 WAS DET]M9$ TO CRU% ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 

,!N BEGAN ! PROLOGUE TO ! ,REVOLUTION3 ?AT P]IOD ( P>TIAL & G5]AL /RIKES & 9SURRECTIONS 9VOLV+ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( WORK]S :I*1 9 SPITE ( SETBACKS1 GRADUALLY 5VELOP$ ALL ( ,SPA9 & DIRECTLY 9VOLV$ ! MASSES 9 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y PROCESS4 

,9 ,JANU>Y1 #a#i#c#c1 = 9/ANCE1 !RE TOOK PLACE ! REVOLT ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS :I* >\S$ ALL ,SPA94 ,?IS LITTLE ,&ALUSIAN VILLAGE PROCLAIM$ ,COMUNISMO ,LIB]T>IO4 ,! REVOLT WAS DR[N$ 9 BLOOD4 ,TROOPS W]E ORD]$ TO KILL1 NOT TO SP>E ! W\ND$1 & TO TAKE NO PRISON]S4 0,%OOT !M 9 ! BELLY40 ,TW5TY-FIVE DWELL+S W]E DE/ROY$ & ?IRTY PEASANTS W]E BURN$ ALIVE :5 ! SOLDI]S SET FIRE TO !IR HOMES4 ,ONE ( ! LEAD]S ( ! REVOLT1 ! #g YE> OLD AN>*I/ NICKNAM$ ,SEISD$OS 7,SIXF+]S71 TOGE!R ) HIS *ILDR5 & GR&*ILDR51 P]I%$ 9 ! FLAMES4 ,!SE & O!R ATROCITIES >\S$ A GREAT /ORM ( PROTE/ BO? )9 ,SPA9 & 9T]NATIONALLY & F9ALLY BR\<T D[N ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,M9I/] ( ! ,9T]IOR1 ,CAS>ES ,QUIROGA1 & ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 ,MANUEL ,AZANA1 W]E =C$ TO RESIGN4 

,ON ! EVE ( ! NATIONAL ELECTIONS TO ! ,CORTES 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#c#c1 ! ,C,N,T PROCLAIM$ ANO!R G5]AL /RIKE 9 ,CATALONIA1 ,>AGON1 ,&ALUSIA1 & ,CORUNA4 ,HOSPITALET & ,VILLANUEVA DE LA ,S]5A 9 ,CATALONIA PROCLAIM$ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 AS DID VILLAGES 9 ,>AGON4 ,! MOVEM5T WAS SUPPRESS$ AFT] F\R DAYS4 ,! MEMB]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ( ,S>AGOSSA AS WELL AS ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T W]E >RE/$4 ,9 ,B>CELONA1 MILITANTS IMPRISON$ DUR+ ! 9SURRECTION AS WELL AS SOME IMPRISON$ E>LI] EFFECT$ A S5SATIONAL ESCAPE BY DIGG+ A TUNNEL \T ( ! PRISON4 

,ALSO 9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#c#c1 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I ISSU$ A MANIFE/O W>N+ ( A POSSIBLE RI<TI/ PUTS*1 AGA9/ :I* VOT+ & P>LIAM5T>Y PROC$URES W\LD PROVE FUTILE4 ,!Y URG$ ! WORK]S NOT TO VOTE BUT TO 0PREP>E = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION40 ,EV5 ! LEFT-W+ SECTION ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY DECL>$ ?AT 9 ! EV5T ( A RI<TI/ ELECTORAL VICTORY ! DECISIVE BATTLE W\LD HAVE TO BE DECID$ BY >M$ =CES 9 ! /REETS4 ,!RE W]E SOLID GR\NDS = !SE FE>S4 ,! RI<T-W+ =CES W]E L$ BY ! FASCI/ ,GIL ,ROBLES4 ,ROBLES SP5T HIS HONEYMOON 9 ,G]MANY1 :]E HE 5?USIA/ICALLY SOAK$ UP ! POLITICAL IDEAS ( ,HITL] & ! ,AU/RIAN FASCI/ ,DOLLFUSS4 ,BO? HE & ! O!R RI<T-W+ LEAD]S HAD LONG ADMIR$ ,MUSSOL9I4 

,! #aicd ELECTION ( ! REACTION>Y ,L]R\X-,GIL ,ROBLES GOV]NM5T PRECIPITAT$ A WAVE ( /RIKES & 9SURRECTIONS AGA9/ ! NEW REGIME4 ,EV5 ! MEAG] RE=MS 5ACT$ BY ! LIB]AL GOV]NM5T W]E ANNULL$4 ,! GOV]NM5T1 DET]M9$ TO TURN ,SPA9 9TO A FASCI/-/YLE /ATE1 P]PETRAT$ :OLESALE >RE/S1 9CLUD+ ! IMPRISONM5T ( #c1 ,C,N,T MEMB]S4 ,IRONICALLY 5\<1 UND] ?IS NOTORI\S ,BI5O ,NEGRO 7ACCURS$ TWO YE> RULE ( ! ,GIL ,ROBLES REGIME7 ! SAME ATROCITIES COMMITT$ BY ! PREC$+ ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T AGA9/ ! ,C,N,T W]E N[ ALSO DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! SOCIALI/S4 ,ONCE \T ( P[] ! LEFT-W+ SOCIALI/S BEGAN TO TALK AB\T REVOLUTION4 ,CABALL]O1 N[ EXALT$ AS 0! BLUE-EY$ ,L59 ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION10 PROCLAIM$ ! NECESSITY = ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT DUR+ ! TRANSITION P]IOD FROM CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM4 

,LATE 9 #aicd ! /RIKE ( ,U,G,T & ,C,N,T WORK]S 9 ,A/URIAS RAPIDLY TOOK ON ! PROPORTIONS ( A FULL-SCALE 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T--A DRESS REHE>SAL = ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T = WORK]S' & PEASANTS' C\NCILS SPREAD ?R\<\T ! :OLE REGION4 ,! POLICE B>RACKS AT ,SUMA W]E ATTACK$ ) /ICKS ( DYNAMITE4 ,! SMALL >MS FACTORY ( ,LA ,TURBIA WAS /ORM$4 ,OV] #c1 RIFLES & HUGE QUANTITIES ( MA*9E GUNS1 H& GR5ADES1 & AMMUNITION W]E TAK54 ,9 ! ,C,N,T /RON<OLDS 9 ! PORT CITIES ( ,GIJON & ,LA ,FIGU]A1 & 9 O!R T[NS1 LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM WAS BE+ PUT 9TO EFFECT4 ,EV5 ! BIG CITY ( ,OVI$O WAS OCCUPI$ BY ! /RIK]S4 ,IMPORT$ ,MOORI% & ,=EIGN ,LEGION TROOPS UND] ! OV]ALL COMM& ( ,FRANCISCO ,FRANCO CRU%$ ! 9SURRECTION AFT] ?REE DAYS ( BLOODY BATTLES1 LEAV+ #c1 DEAD & #g1 W\ND$4 ,T5S ( ?\S&S 79CLUD+ ,CABALL]O7 W]E JAIL$ & L>GE P>TS ( ,SPA9 W]E PLAC$ UND] M>TIAL LAW4 ,9 ! ,CORTES1 ,GIL ,ROBLES1 9 ! /YLE ( ,HITL] & ,MUSSOL9I1 DEM&$ UNLIMIT$ P[] TO OBLIT]ATE ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 

,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! RI<T-W+ GOV]NM5T LO/ ! ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#c#f1 ELECTIONS4 ,?IS TIME ! ,C,N,T HAD NOT URG$ ! WORK]S NOT TO VOTE4 ,IT HAD BE5 TACITLY UND]/OOD ?AT ! ,C,N,T MEMB]S & !IR FRI5DS W\LD VOTE = ! LIB]AL-LEFTI/ P>TIES BECAUSE !Y W]E PL$G$ TO RELEASE ! POLITICAL PRISON]S4 ,SANTILLAN1 :O LIV$ ?R\< !SE TRAGIC EV5TS1 9DICATES :AT A LIMIT$ 0VICTORY0 ?IS WAS3  
  

,! ,LEFT1 :O1 ?ANKS TO US1 HAD BE5 RETURN$ TO P[] BY A N>R[ M>G91 /ILL REMA9$ BL9D TO ! FASCI/ M5ACE4 ,NEI!R ! WORK]S NOR ! PEASANTS HAD GA9$ ANY?+ BUT ! RELEASE ( ! PRISON]S4 ,! REAL P[] REMA9$ 9 ! H&S ( ! FASCI/ CAPITALI/S1 ! ,*UR*1 & ! MILIT>Y CA/E :O W]E OP5LY & FEV]I%LY PREP>+ A C\P TO UNSEAT BY =CE ! REPUBLICAN & SOCIALI/ POLITICIANS :O HAD LEGALLY COME TO P[] 9 ! ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#c#f1 ELECTIONS444 7,POR ,QUE ,P]DIMOS ,LA ,GU]RA1 P4 #c#h7  
  

,! FASCI/S1 ( C\RSE1 W\LD NOT ACCEPT ! 0V]DICT ( ! PEOPLE40 ,:ILE !Y KNEW ?AT ! REPUBLICAN RE=M]S W]E JU/ AS ANXI\S TO AVOID SOCIAL REVOLUTION AS !Y W]E1 !Y HAD NO CONFID5CE 9 ! ABILITY ( ! 0LEFTI/0 GOV]NM5T TO DO SO4 ,IT WAS PRIM>ILY = ?IS REASON ?AT ! FASCI/S W]E DET]M9$ TO UNSEAT !M4 ,SO1 LONG BE=E ! ELECTIONS & :ILE /ILL 9 P[]1 ! FASCI/S HAD ALREADY PLOTT$ & ORGANIZ$ A MASSIVE MILIT>Y ASSAULT TO DEPOSE ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T & IMPOSE A MILIT>Y DICTATOR%IP4 ,! TAKEOV] WAS LAUN*$ ,JULY #a#i?1 #a#i#c#f4 

,:Y HAD ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T IGNOR$ ! FASCI/ ?REAT = SO LONG8 ,& :Y1 ONCE ! ?REAT BECAME A REALITY1 DID ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T ACT SO FEEBLY 9 ITS DEF5SE & 9 ! DEF5SE ( ! PEOPLE8 ,CES> ,M4 ,LOR5ZO 7! SON ( A PROM95T ,C,N,T MILITANT1 HIS BOOK IS A GOLD M9E ( 9=MATION7 ANSW]S ?IS QUE/ION CLE>LY3  
  

,! ,REPUBLIC WAS 9 REALITY OV]:ELM$ BY EV5TS4 ,PULL$ BETWE5 FE> ( A ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION & ,FASCISM1 IT UNCONSCI\SLY EXP$IT$ BO? ,FASCISM & ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,REPUBLICANS 9 P[] 444 W]E ! ONLY ONES 9 ,SPA9 :O C\LD NOT OR W\LD NOT SEE ! IMM95CE ( A NATIONAL CATA/ROPHE4 ,!Y ALL[$ !MSELVES TO BE FOOL$ BY ! S]MONS ( ! G5]ALS4 ,AFT] ! ANN\NCEM5T ( ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+ !Y REFUS$ TO DI/RIBUTE >MS TO ! WORK]S & HOP$ TO >RANGE EV]Y?+ BY NEGOTIAT+ ) ! FASCI/ PLOTT]S4 ,9 FACT !Y FE>$1 ABOVE ALL1 ! COM+ ( ! PROLET>IAN SOCIETY & COMMITT$ !MSELVES TO ! WRECK+ ( ! ORGANIZATIONS E/ABLI%$ BY ! EXTREME LEFT .<! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I.> :OM !Y HAT$4 ,BUT ! =MIDABLE REACTION ( ! MASSES WIP$ \T ! FASCI/S 9 OV] HALF ( ,SPA9 & R$UC$ TO BITS REPUBLICAN LEGALITY4 ,ON ! ONE H& ! TRIUMPH ( ! REACTION1 ON ! O!R1 ! TRIUMPH ( SOCIALISM444 7P4 #b#d#a7  
  

,! ,REVOLUTION ( ,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#c#f1 ?US M>K$ ! CULM9ATION ( A D\BLE PROCESS4 ,ON ! ONE H&1 !RE WAS ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL DEG5]ATION ( ,SPA9 DUE TO ! IMPOT5CE ( FIR/ ! MON>*Y & !N ! ,REPUBLIC TO EFFECT FUNDAM5TAL *ANGES1 *ANGES IMPOSSIBLE )\T DE/ROY+ ! V]Y PRIVILEGES = :I* ! ,REPUBLIC /OOD4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE WAS ! CEASELESS1 9CREAS+LY EFFECTIVE REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY ( ! P[]FUL AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,! SPIRIT ( POPUL> DISCONT5T1 CRY/ALLIZ$ BY ! P]SI/5T AGITATION ( ! ,C,N,T1 F\ND EXPRESSION 9 ! 9CREAS+ TEMPO & SCOPE ( ! 9SURRECTIONS :I* %OOK ! F\NDATIONS ( ! EXPLOITATIVE SOCIETY4 

,ON ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM 

  

,WE >E COMMUNI/S4 ,BUT \R COMMUNISM IS NOT ?AT ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN S*OOL3 IT IS AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 COMMUNISM )\T GOV]NM5T1 FREE COMMUNISM4 ,IT IS A SYN!SIS ( ! TWO *IEF AIMS PURSU$ BY HUMANITY S9CE ! DAWN ( ITS HI/ORY--ECONOMIC FRE$OM & POLITICAL FRE$OM444 

,! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ( SATISFACTION ( ALL NE$S ( SOCIETY HAVE BE5 CREAT$ BY ! COMMON EF=TS ( ALL1 MU/ BE AT ! DISPOSAL ( ALL4 ,! PRIVATE APPROPRIATION ( REQUISITES = PRODUCTION IS NEI!R JU/ NOR B5EFICIAL4 ,ALL MU/ BE PLAC$ ON ! SAME FOOT+ AS PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S ( WEAL?444 ,COMMON POSSESSION ( ! NECESSITIES ( PRODUCTION IMPLIES ! COMMON 5JOYM5T ( ! FRUITS ( ! COMMON PRODUCTION2 & WE CONSID] ?AT AN EQUITABLE ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY CAN ONLY >ISE :5 EV]Y WAGE-SY/EM IS AB&ON$1 & :5 EV]YBODY1 CONTRIBUT+ = ! COMMON WELL-BE+ TO ! FULL EXT5T ( HIS CAPACITIES1 %ALL 5JOY ALSO FROM ! COMMON /OCK ( SOCIETY TO ! FULLE/ POSSIBLE EXT5T ( HIS NE$S444 

,EA* ECONOMIC PHASE ( LIFE IMPLIES ITS [N POLITICAL PHASE2 & IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO T\* ! V]Y BASIS ( ! PRES5T ECONOMIC LIFE--PRIVATE PROP]TY--)\T A CORRESPOND+ *ANGE 9 ! V]Y BASIS ( ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,LIFE ALREADY %[S 9 :I* DIRECTION ! *ANGE WILL BE MADE4 ,NOT 9 9CREAS+ ! P[]S ( ! ,/ATE1 BUT 9 RESORT+ TO FREE ORGANIZATION & FREE F$]ATION 9 ALL ?OSE BRAN*ES :I* >E N[ CONSID]$ AS ATTRIBUTES ( ! ,/ATE4 

--,KROPOTK91 FROM 0,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM0 9 ,KROPOTK9'S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,PAMPHLETS 7,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#b#g7 

,ON ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 

  

,MOD]N ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM IS A DIRECT CONT9UATION ( ?OSE SOCIAL ASPIRATIONS :I* TOOK %APE 9 ! BOSOM ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL & :I* W]E BE/ UND]/OOD & MO/ /RONGLY HELD BY ! LIB]T>IAN W+ ( ! GREAT WORK]S' ALLIANCE444 

,ONLY 9 ! REALM ( ECONOMY >E ! WORK]S ABLE TO DISPLAY !IR FULL SOCIAL /R5G?1 = IT IS !IR ACTIVITY AS PRODUC]S :I* HOLDS TOGE!R ! :OLE SOCIAL /RUCTURE1 & GU>ANTEES ! EXI/5CE ( SOCIETY AT ALL444 ,= ! ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ ! TRADE UNION IS 444 ! SE$ ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ECONOMY ( ! FUTURE1 ! ELEM5T>Y S*OOL ( ,SOCIALISM 9 G5]AL 444 ,! TRADE UNION1 ! SYNDICATE1 IS ! UNIFI$ ORGANIZATION ( LABOR & HAS = ITS PURPOSE ! DEF5SE ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! PRODUC]S )9 EXI/+ SOCIETY & ! PREP>+ = & ! PRACTICAL C>RY+ \T ( ! RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIAL LIFE AFT] ! PATT]N ( ,SOCIALISM444 

,! ORGANIZATION ( ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM IS BAS$ ON ! PR9CIPLES ( ,F$]ALISM1 ON FREE COMB9ATION FROM BEL[ UPW>D1 PUTT+ ! RI<T ( SELF-DET]M9ATION ( EV]Y MEMB] ABOVE EV]Y?+ ELSE & RECOGNIZ+ ONLY ! ORGANIC AGREEM5T ( ALL ON ! BASIS ( LIKE 9T]E/S & COMMON CONVICTIONS444 

,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/S >E CONV9C$ ?AT A ,SOCIALI/ ECONOMIC ORD] CANNOT BE CREAT$ BY ! DECREES & /ATUTES ( A GOV]NM5T1 BUT ONLY BY ! SOLID>IC COLLABORATION ( ! WORK]S ) H& OR BRA9 9 EA* SPECIAL BRAN* ( PRODUCTION2 ?AT IS1 ?R\< ! TAK+ OV] ( ! MANAGEM5T ( ALL PLANTS BY ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES UND] SU* =M ?AT ! SEP>ATE GR\PS 444 C>RY ON PRODUCTION & ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCTS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! COMMUNITY ON ! BASIS ( FREE MUTUAL AGREEM5T4 

--,RUDOLF ,ROCK]1 FROM ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 7,LONDON1 #a#i#c#h7 

,! ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION & ! ,DE/RUCTION ( ! ,COLLECTIVES  

 BY ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

  

,BO? BE=E & AFT] ,JULY #a#i?1 AN UNWAV]+ DET]M9ATION TO CRU% ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T WAS ! LEITMOTIV BEH9D ! POLICIES ( ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T1 IRRESPECTIVE ( ! P>TY 9 P[]4 ,ON ?IS ONE PO9T1 AT LEA/1 ALL ! RIVAL FACTIONS AGRE$4  
  

,! GOV]NM5T & ! P>TIES BEGAN !IR GREAT (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! ,C,N,T4 ,) PATI5CE !Y RECON/ITUT$ ! ,/ATE1 REORGANIZ$ ! REGUL> POLICE1 & EQUIPP$ AN >MY ( ! CLASSICAL TYPE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME !Y GAVE NO F9ANCIAL AID TO ! 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVES1 LEAV+ !M TO WI!R AWAY = LACK ( CAPITAL444 ,!Y TRI$ TO RETURN ! GOODS & L& TO !IR =M] [N]S1 TO SABOTAGE BY ALL MEANS ! TRANS=MATION ( ! ECONOMY4 ,AT ! SAME TIME !Y SY/EMATICALLY REFUS$ TO >M ! ,C,N,T COLUMNS1 :ILE BY 9T5SIVE PROPAG&A !Y TURN$ PUBLIC OP9ION AGA9/ 0! IRRESPONSIBLE1 UNCONTROLLABLE GR\PS ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I40 7,LOR5ZO1 P4 #b#d#d7  
  

,! COALITION ( P>TIES AGA9/ ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WAS NOT IMPROVIS$ ON ! SPUR ( ! MOM5T4 ,IT HAD BE5 LONG 9 ! MAK+4 ,! 9CLUSION ( ! AN>*I/S 9 ! ANTI-FASCI/ FRONT & ! ORGANIZATION ( ! LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVES HAD BE5 V]Y RELUCTANTLY TOL]AT$ BY !SE ELEM5TS4 ,!Y SAW NO O!R ALT]NATIVE4 ,AT HE>T MANY ( !M W\LD HAVE PREF]R$ ! VICTORY ( ,FRANCO TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,BUT !Y C\LD NOT1 9 VIEW ( ! SITUATION & ! P[] ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 RISK A PREMATURE FRONTAL ATTACK4 

,! ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION 9 ,CATALONIA 

,! FIR/ TREA*]\S MOVES TO UND]M9E ! POSITION ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I W]E 9ITIAT$ BY ! ,G5]ALIDAD 7! SEMI-AUTONOM\S GOV]NM5T ( ,CATALONIA1 ! AN>*I/ /RON<OLD7 DUR+ ! CRUCIAL P]IOD BE=E ! FASCI/ ATTACK ON ,JULY #a#i?4 ,LUIS ,COMPANYS1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD1 KNEW ?AT HIS GOV]NM5T C\LD NOT DEFEAT ! FASCI/S )\T ! HELP ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I PL$G$ ITSELF TO COOP]ATE 9 A UNIT$ FRONT ) ALL ANTI-FASCI/ =CES AGA9/ ! COMMON FOE4 ,BUT :5 ASK$ TO SUPPLY ! NECESS>Y >MS TO ! WORK]S1 ! ,G5]ALIDAD REFUS$ ON ! PRETEXT ?AT IT HAD NONE4 ,:5 ! WORK]S HELP$ !MSELVES AS BE/ !Y C\LD & TOOK OV] #b RIFLES & O!R MAT]IEL FROM ! BATTLE%IPS ,M>QUES DE ,CAMILLAS & ,MAGALL5ES1 ! *IEF ( POLICE BRAZ5LY DEM&$ ?AT ! WORK]S RETURN ! WEAPONS TO ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! ,G5]ALIDAD1 :ILE LAVI%LY SUPPLY+ >MS TO ITS [N POLICE =CE & ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS1 REPEAT$LY REFUS$ TO GIVE ANY TO ! WORK]S4 ,! MOOD ( DESP]ATION & ! S5SE ( IMP5D+ TRAG$Y >E GRAPHICALLY PORTRAY$ BY ,SANTILLAN3  
  

,EV5 \R MODE/ REQUE/S = A ?\S& RIFLES W]E REFUS$444 ,>\ND MIDNI<T ! DAY BE=E ! ATTACK1 ,G5]AL ,>ANGU51 ! COMM&] ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS1 >RIV$ AT ! ,PRESID5T'S RECEPTION ROOM & F\ND ,COMPANYS >GU+ ) A ,C,N,T DELEGATION1 :O W]E DEM&+ ?AT AT LEA/ HALF ! >MS ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS %\LD BE GIV5 TO ! WORK]S :O HAD NONE4 ,COMPANYS AGA9 PROMIS$ VAGUELY ?AT HE W\LD 0SOON DI/RIBUTE >MS AT ! RI<T TIME40 ,DURRUTI 9T]RUPT$3 0,WE MU/ ACT4 ,?IS IS NO TIME = EMPTY TALK4 ,WE >E NOT GO+ TO BE SLAU<T]$ BY ! FASCI/S = LACK ( >MS JU/ TO SATISFY A /UBBORN POLITICIAN4 ,FROM N[ ON ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I WILL CONDUCT ! FI<T6444 0 

,WE HAD FULLY ORGANIZ$ ! DEF5SE ( ,B>CELONA4 ,! >M$ WORK]S' MILITIAS ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I PATROLL$ ! /REETS & MANN$ ALL /RATEGIC PO9TS4 ,! B>RICADES W]E READY 444 BUT ! POLICE ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD ATTACK$ \R PATROLS4 ,REPEAT$ TELEPHONE CALLS = 9=MATION AB\T ! FATE ( ?IS OR ?AT COMRADE >RE/$ = C>RY+ >MS W]E IGNOR$444 ,IT IS NO EXAGG]ATION TO SAY ?AT WE HAD TO CONC5TRATE ALL \R EF=TS TO DEF5D \RSELVES FROM ! POLICE1 :O TRI$ TO CONFISCATE EV5 ! FEW >MS ?AT WE DID HAVE444 7QUOT$ 9 ,ABEL ,PAZ1 PP4 #b#h#a1 #b#h#b1 #b#h#c7  
  

,SANTILLAN REPORTS ?AT3  
  

,! RIFLES WE TOOK FROM ! %IPS1 REVOLV]S & O!R >MS ?AT WE HAD MANAG$ TO COLLECT OR REQUISITION1 & ! HUNDR$ OLD SMALL >MS GRUDG+LY GIV5 US BY ! ,G5]ALIDAD W]E ALL WE HAD TO COMBAT ! #c#e1 WELL->M$ FASCI/S444.<#b#d.> 7,POR ,QUE ,P]DIMOS ,LA ,GU]RA1 P4 #d#c7  
  

,ON ,JULY #a#g?1 TWO DAYS BE=E ! ,FRANCO TROOPS /ORM$ ,B>CELONA1 ! GOV]NM5T C5SOR PROHIBIT$ ! PUBLICATION 9 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A ( A MANIFE/O DETAIL+ VITAL LA/ M9UTE >RANGEM5TS = ! DEF5SE ( ,B>CELONA & 5C\RAG+ ! WORK]S4 ,?AT AFT]NOON ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I WAS =C$ TO PR9T ! MANIFE/O ON A H&BILL :I* WAS DI/RIBUT$ ALL OV] ! CITY & 9 ! SUBURBS4 

,TWO DAYS AFT] ! WORK]S CRU%$ ! FASCI/S 7,JULY #b#a71 ,COMPANYS SUDD5LY BECAME V]Y FRI5DLY & 9VIT$ ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I DELEGATION TO CONF] ) HIM AB\T ! *ANG$ SITUATION4 ,HE ACKN[L$G$ ?AT ! ,C,N,T WAS ! MA/] ( ,CATALONIA & ?AT HIS GOV]NM5T WAS IMPOT5T1 & HE (F]$ TO RESIGN4 ,IF ! ,C,N,T SO DESIR$ HE W\LD REMA9 9 (FICE AS ! S]VANT ( ! WORK]S & ! UNIT$ FRONT ( ! ANTI-FASCI/ P>TIES4 ,HIS (F] TO CONT9UE 9 (FICE WAS NAIVELY ACCEPT$4 ,! (F] TURN$ \T TO BE P>T ( A S*EME TO GET BACK 9TO P[]4 ,COMPANYS WAS A CONNIV]4  
  

,HE MANIPULAT$ ?+S ) SU* SKILL ?AT LITTLE BY LITTLE HE RECON/ITUT$ ! LEGAL ORGANS & ! P[] ( ! /ATE & R$UC$ ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS TO DE FACTO PUPPETS ( HIS GOV]NM5T4 7,PAZ1 P4 #a#h#c7  
  

,! =MATION ON ,SEPTEMB] #b#f? ( ! NEW ,C\NCIL ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD MEANT 9 EFFECT ! USURPATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS BY ! ,COMPANYS GOV]NM5T4 ,! FAM\S ,COLLECTIVIZATION ,DECREE 7,OCTOB] #b#d1 #a#i#c#f7 O/5SIBLY LEGALIZ+ ! CONQUE/S ( ! ,REVOLUTION ACTUALLY E/ABLI%$ ! P[] ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD TO REGULATE & EV5TUALLY TO LIQUIDATE ! COLLECTIVIZ$ 9DU/RIES & RURAL COLLECTIVES ( ,CATALONIA4 

,! ,CABALL]O-,COMMUNI/ ,COALITION ( ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA9 ,LIQUIDATES ! ,REVOLUTION 

,! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y TREA*]Y ( ! ,COMMUNI/S DUR+ ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W> HAS BE5 RI<TFULLY /RESS$ & CAN NOT BE EXAGG]AT$4 ,BUT ! COLLUSION ( ! ,COMMUNI/S ) ! SOCIALI/S & !IR LEAD]1 ,FRANCISCO ,L>GO ,CABALL]O 7ALSO AN >*ITECT ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION71 HAS BE5 R>ELY M5TION$4 

,! ,CABALL]O GOV]NM5T CAME TO P[] ,SEPTEMB] #h1 #a#i#c#f1 & WAS DEPOS$ ,MAY #a#e1 #a#i#c#g1 TO BE SUCCE$$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,NEGR94.<#b#e.> ,:5 ,CABALL]O F9ALLY BROKE ) ! ,COMMUNI/S HE DID SO NOT BECAUSE HE OBJECT$ TO !IR C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM OR TO !IR ATROCITIES AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S & O!R DISSID5T GR\PS4 ,HE WAS PRIM>ILY MOTIVAT$ BY ! WELL-F\ND$ FE> ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/S W\LD F9ALLY DOM9ATE ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES4 ,DUR+ HIS ADM9I/RATION ,CABALL]O & HIS ALLIES PRESID$ OV] ! LIQUIDATION ( ! ,SPANI% LIB]T>IAN COLLECTIVES4 ,ONE ( ! V]Y BE/ /UDIES DEVOT$ TO ?IS ASPECT ( ! ,SPANI% TRAG$Y IS ,BURNETT ,BOLLOT5'S PIONE]+ WORK ,! ,GR& ,CAM\FLAGE 7,LONDON1 #a#i#f#a74 ,! FOLL[+ P>AGRAPHS SUMM>IZE ! SALI5T PO9T4 

,CABALL]O'S RELATIONS ) ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W> W]E M>K$ BY ALMO/ CON/ANT FRICTION4 ,JU/ BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 ON ,APRIL #b#d1 #a#i#c#f1 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A 7! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ORGAN7 CALL$ ,CABALL]O 0A DICTATOR 9 EMBRYO0 :O FAVOR$ 0! ABSOLUTE HEGEMONY ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY ON ! MORR[ ( ! TRIUMPHANT 9SURRECTION ( ! WORK+ CLASSES40 7,BOLLOT51 P4 #a#e#d7 

,9 CONTRA/1 9 ! MON?S BE=E ! ,CIVIL ,W> ! (FICIAL RELATIONS BETWE5 ! LEFT-W+ SOCIALI/S & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY HAD BE5 MO/ FRI5DLY4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT ,CABALL]O1 !N ! ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,U,G,T & VIRTUAL LEAD] ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,Y\? ,MOVEM5T1 5DORS$ ! FUSION ( ! SOCIALI/ & ,COMMUNI/ TRADE UNION F$]ATIONS AS WELL AS ! M]G+ ( ! TWO Y\? ORGANIZATIONS4 ,9 ,M>*1 #a#i#c#f1 ! ,MADRID SECTION ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 HEAD$ BY ,CABALL]O1 PROPOS$ A FUSION ( ! SOCIALI/ & ,COMMUNI/ P>TIES4 ,& 9 ,AUGU/1 #a#i#c#f1 ,CABALL]O 9VIT$ ! SOCIALI/S & ,COMMUNI/S TO JO9 HIS GOV]NM5T1 :I* !Y DID4 ,HE HAD E>LI] BE5 W>MLY PRAIS$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEAD] ,JOSE ,DIAZ AS 0ONE ?AT APPROA*ES MO/ ! REVOLUTION>Y PA?1 ! PA? ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL40 7,BOLLOT51 P4 #a#e7 

,ON ,JULY #a#i?1 #a#i#c#f1 ! POLICE P[]S ( ! ,REPUBLIC HAD CRUMBL$ UND] ! DUAL IMPACT ( ! MILIT>Y REBELLION & ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! FASCI/S' ATTEMPT$ C\P D'ETAT HAD BE5 PUT D[N PR9CIPALLY AS A RESULT ( ! SKILLFUL & 9TELLIG5T WORK ( ! MILITANTS4 ,SL[LY ! /ATE MOV$ TO ELIM9ATE ! WORK+ CLASS MILITANTS4 ,ON ?IS PO9T ! ,COMMUNI/S1 SOCIALI/S1 & REPUBLICANS W]E ( ONE M9D4 ,RECALCITRANT MILITIAM5 W]E DIS>M$ & >RE/$4 ,! GOV]NM5T TOOK OV] ! ADM9I/RATION ( PUBLIC ORD] 9 ONE LOCALITY AFT] ANO!R4 ,UND] ! ,CABALL]O GOV]NM5T ?\S&S ( NEW MEMB]S W]E ADD$ TO ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS4 ,:5 ! ,CABALL]O CAB9ET WAS =M$ 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#c#f1 !RE W]E #a#e1#f ,C>AB9]OS 9 ALL ( ,SPA94 ,BY ,APRIL1 #a#i#c#g1 !RE W]E #d1 9 ,LOYALI/ ,SPA9 ALONE 7:I* WAS AB\T HALF ! >EA ( ,SPA974 7,BOLLOT51 P4#a#g7 

,9 ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#c#f1 ! ,CABALL]O GOV]NM5T1 ) ! AGREEM5T ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 DECRE$ ! DISSOLUTION ( ! SPONTANE\S REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES & !IR REPLACEM5T BY GOV]NM5TAL MUNICIPAL & PROV9CIAL C\NCILS 9 :I* ALL ! POPUL> FRONT P>TIES & TRADE UNIONS W\LD BE REPRES5T$4 ,! ,CABALL]O ADM9I/RATION WAS DET]M9$ TO DISSOLVE ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANS ?AT HAD ASSUM$ /ATE FUNCTIONS4 ,BO? ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY PAP] ,CL>IDAD 7,FEB4 #a#i1 #a#i#c#g7 & ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ORGAN ,MUNDO ,OBR]A 7,DEC4 #b#e1 #a#i#c#f7 SPOKE \T AGA9/ ! COMMITTEES AS IMP$IM5TS TO /ATE P[]4 ,! LATT] COMM5T$3  
  

,!RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT AT ! PRES5T TIME !Y .<0! NUM]\S BODIES CREAT$ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ! T[NS & VILLAGES0.> 444 GREATLY H9D] ! WORK ( ! GOV]NM5T4 7,BOLLOT51 P4#a#f#g7  
  

,IT WAS ALSO NECESS>Y1 9 ! OP9ION ( ! ,COMMUNI/S AS WELL AS ! SOCIALI/S & ! REPUBLICANS1 TO BREAK ! P[] ( ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES 9 ! COLLECTIVIZ$ FACTORIES1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! BASIC 9DU/RIES1 & ! AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVES4 ,NATIONALIZATION W\LD WEAK5 ! LEFT-W+ ( ! REVOLUTION AT ONE ( ! PR9CIPAL S\RCES ( ITS P[] :ILE PUTT+ AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES UND] /ATE CONTROL4 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A 7,M>* #cRD1 #a#i#c#g7 PROTE/$ ?AT3  
  

,!SE REACTION>IES1 444 5JOY+ UNHE>D ( (FICIAL AID1 >E 5DEAVOR+ TO TAKE OV] BY ASSAULT ! COLLECTIVIZ$ E/ATES ) ! OBJECT ( PUTT+ AN 5D TO ! AGR>IAN REVOLUTION4 7P4 #a#g#e7  
  

,! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y CAMPAIGN 9ITIAT$ 9 ! WEEKS PREC$+ ! REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS ( ,JULY #a#i?1 #a#i#c#f1 GA!R$ MOM5TUM DUR+ ! MON?S ( ,DECEMB]1 #a#i#c#f1 & ! SPR+ ( #a#i#c#g4 ,9 PREP>ATION = ! 9EVITABLE %[D[N1 !Y HAD DONE ALL !Y C\LD TO UND]M9E ! PRE/IGE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I & TO SABOTAGE ! REVOLUTION>Y A*IEVEM5TS4 

,! FIR/ BIG ATTACK ON ! AGRICULTURAL COLLECTIVES 7,M>*1 #a#i#c#g7 WAS LAUN*$ 9 ! ,LEVANT REGION BETWE5 ,ALICANTE & ,MURCIA4.<#b#f.> ,IT WAS SPE>HEAD$ BY ,C>AB9]OS1 ,CIVIL ,GU>DS1 ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 & O!R POLICE =CES MILIT>IZ$ 9TO >TILL]Y SECTIONS & EQUIPP$ BY ! GOV]NM5T ) NUM]\S GUNS & TANKS 7#a#h TANKS 9 ,G&IA & #ac 9 ,AL=A74 ,! ,REPUBLIC1 SO 9CAPABLE ( EFFECTIVELY FI<T+ ! FASCI/S AT ! FRONT1 COMP5SAT$ = ITS IMPOT5CE ) C[>DLY ATTACKS ON ! COLLECTIVES ON ! HOME FRONT4 

,! PEASANT COMRADES1 :O EXPECT$ ?IS ASSAULT1 PREP>$ TO RESI/ AS BE/ !Y C\LD4 ,!Y HAD NO TANKS1 & F\<T ) \TDAT$ PI/OLS & TWO OLD CANNONS4 ,! GOV]NM5T PLANN$ TO FIR/ /ORM ! /RATEGIC VILLAGES ( ,TULL]A & ,ALF>A4 ,BUT ALMO/ ! :OLE REGION WAS AL]T$ & ! NEI<BOR+ VILLAG]S >M$ ) HUNT+ RIFLES RU%$ TO REPULSE ! ATTACK]S4 ,! ,DI/RICT ,F$]ATIONS ( ,JATIVA1 ,C>CAG5TE1 ,G&IA1 & ,SUECA POOL$ !IR /R5G? & ORGANIZ$ ! 0,G&IA ,FRONT40 ,! VILLAG]S ( ,CAT>ROJA1 ,LIRIA1 ,MONCADA1 ,PAT]NA1 & ,BURRIANA E/ABLI%$ ! 0,VILANESA ,FRONT40 ,! TIDE ( BATTLE TURN$ 9 FAVOR ( ! COLLECTIVI/S :5 ! PEASANTS W]E RE9=C$ BY TWO LIB]T>IAN BATTALIONS FROM ! 0,IRON ,FRONT0 AS WELL AS TWO BATTALIONS FROM ! 0,CONF$]AL ,COLUMN0 ( ! ,C,N,T :O RU%$ FROM ! ,T]UEL-,SEGORBE FRONT TO RE9=CE ! PEASANTS4 

,! FI<T+ 9 ! ,CALL]A DI/RICT ( ! ,LEVANT RAG$ = F\R DAYS1 AT ! 5D ( :I* ! GOV]NM5T1 UNABLE TO BREAK ?R\<1 ATTACK$ 9 A DIFF]5T DIRECTION3 T[>DS ,SELLA4 ,F9ALLY ?R\< ! 9T]V5TION ( ! ,C,N,T A CEASE-FIRE WAS >RANG$4 ,CAPTUR$ PRISON]S & >MS ON BO? SIDES W]E RETURN$4 ,BUT 9 VIOLATION ( ! TRUCE1 A NUMB] ( \R PRISON]S 7MO/LY Y\NG] M57 W]E RELEAS$ ONLY MU* LAT]4 ,AL?\< \R COMRADES SUFF]$ CASUALTIES1 DEAD & W\ND$1 ! COLLECTIVES W]E F> FROM BE+ DE/ROY$4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y EM]G$ FROM ! CONFLICT /RONG] ?AN EV]4 ,ALL ! EVID5CE 9DICATES ?AT ! :OLE OP]ATION WAS SECRETLY LAUN*$ BY ! RI<T-W+ SOCIALI/S 7SPECIFICALLY ! ,M9I/] ( ,W> 9 ! CAB9ET1 ,9DELICIO ,PRIETO7 TOGE!R ) ! ,COMMUNI/ 5EMIES1 :O ON ?IS ISSUE W]E TEMPOR>ILY RECONCIL$4 

,AS ! W> AGA9/ ! FASCI/S & ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! COLLECTIVES PROCE$$1 ,CATALONIA BECAME A FOCAL PO9T4 ,H]E ! REVOLUTION>Y GA9S SURVIV$ & ! WORK]S REMA9$ 9 >M$ OPPOSITION TO ! RE/ORATION ( ! /ATE4 ,H]E TOO ! ,P,S,U,C WAS DET]M9$ TO 5D ! REVOLUTION4 ,! %[D[N CAME 9 ! ,MAY ,DAYS ( #a#i#c#g4 ,! COALITION LAUN*$ ITS ALL-\T (F5SIVE 9 ,B>CELONA1 ! AN>*I/ /RON<OLD1 ON ! PRETEXT ?AT ! ,C,N,T MU/ BE DISLODG$ FROM CONTROL ( ! C5TRAL TELEPHONE EX*ANGE4 ,IT C\LD HAVE BE5 ANY O!R REASON4 

,9 ! WAKE ( ! ,MAY ,DAYS1 ! SY/EMATIC P]SECUTION ( \R COMRADES ON A MASSIVE SCALE BEGAN & WE LO/ POSITIONS ON ALL FRONTS4 ,! POLITICAL P>TIES1 9 LEAGUE ) ,LUIS ,COMPANYS1 PRESID5T ( ! ,CATALONIAN GOV]NM5T 7:O TURN$ AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S :5 HE NO LONG] NE$$ !IR SUPPORT71 EVICT$ ALL \R COMRADES FROM ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO/S4 ,! ,/AL9I/S TOOK OV] CONTROL ( ! POLICE =CE4 

,! ,COMMUNI/ LEAD] ,COMOR]A BECAME ! ,M9I/] ( ! ,ECONOMY ( ,CATALONIA4 ,NOT BE+ ABLE TO ALTOGE!R UND]M9E ! PREPOND]ANT 9FLU5CE ( ! ,C,N,T SYNDICATES1 ,COMOR]A MISUS$ HIS IMM5SE P[] 79 LEAGUE ) ! ,C5TRAL ,GOV]NM5T7 TO SABOTAGE PRODUCTION & !N BLAME ! ,C,N,T4 ,HE 9FILTRAT$ /RATEGIC UNION LOCALS & %OPS ) ,COMMUNI/S & EV5 TRI$ TO RETURN ! CONTROL ( ! ,B>CELONA TRANSPORTATION SY/EM & O!R 5T]PRISES TO ! CAPITALI/S4 ,! LI/ ( SABOTAGE & ATROCITIES AGA9/ \R COMRADES IS 5DLESS AS ! /ATE RE9/ITUT$ ITS CONTROL4 

,FOLL[+ ! #aicg ,MAY ,DAYS PUTS* 9 ,B>CELONA1 ! NEWLY APPO9T$ ,COMMUNI/ ,M9I/] ( ,AGRICULTURE1 ,V9C5TE ,URIBE1 SURPRIS$ EV]YONE BY PUBLI%+ A DECREE LEGALIZ+ ! AGR>IAN COLLECTIVES 9 ALL ( ,SPA91 IRRESPECTIVE ( ! CIRCUM/ANCES UND] :I* !Y W]E ORGANIZ$4 ,IT TURN$ \T ?AT ?IS DECREE WAS A FRAUD MEANT TO CAM\FLAGE ! S9I/] PLANS ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y COALITION TO DE/ROY ! COLLECTIVES & TO H& OV] ! L& TO ! =M] B\RGEOIS L&LORDS4 ,URIBE'S ACTIONS MADE CLE> HIS REAL 9T5TIONS4 ,9 HIS RADIO BROADCA/S1 ,URIBE REPEAT$LY URG$ ! PEASANTS NOT TO JO9 ! COLLECTIVES4 ,HE GU>ANTE$ ! RE/ORATION ( HOLD+S TO ! SMALL & MIDDLE-CLASS PROP]TY [N]S4 ,HE REORGANIZ$ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ,PEASANT ,L&LORDS' ,F$]ATION ( ,LEVANT & CREAT$ A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y UNIT$ FRONT4 ,UND] ! PRETEXT ( HELP+ ! PEASANT COLLECTIVES ) ! H>VE/ 7!RE WAS AN ACUTE %ORTAGE ( MANP[]71 Y\NG ,COMMUNI/ 0%OCK-BRIGADES0 SPREAD !MSELVES ?R\<\T ! ,LEVANT & ,CATALONIA1 ONLY TO 9FILTRATE & DE/ROY ! COLLECTIVES4 

,! MAJOR (F5SIVE TO DE/ROY ! COLLECTIVES 7/AG$ ,JUNE1 #a#i#c#g7 WAS LAUN*$ AGA9/ ! ,>AGON COLLECTIVES4 ,IT WAS H>VE/ TIME4 ,! ,C>AB9]OS1 COMM&$ BY ,COMMUNI/S1 REQUISITION$ TRUCKS TRANSPORT+ PRODUCE FROM V>I\S COLLECTIVES & CONFISCAT$ ! %IPM5TS4 ,A LITTLE LAT]1 ON ORD]S FROM !IR COMM&]S 9 ,B>BA/RO1 ,C>AB9]OS RAID$ ! COLLECTIVES 7UND] ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,M9I/RY ( ,W>71 SMA%+ EV]Y?+ & CONFISCAT+ ANY?+ ( VALUE4 

,ON ! PRETEXT ?AT !Y W]E NE$$ = AN (F5SIVE1 Y\NG M5 SORELY NE$$ TO GA!R 9 ! H>VE/ W]E MOBILIZ$4 ,! SAME HELD TRUE = O!R VILLAGES4 ,& :ILE !SE Y\NG M5 W]E BE+ S5T TO ! FRONT1 IDLE TROOPS FROM O!R REGIONS :O W]E NEV] S5T TO ! FRONT W]E BE+ QU>T]$ 9 /RATEGIC VILLAGES FROM :I* (F5SIVES C\LD BE M\NT$4 ,!SE P>ASITES GORG$ !MSELVES ) FOOD & DELICACIES & PLAY$ PELOTE 7A ,BASQUE GAME7 ALL DAY LONG :ILE :EAT LAY ROTT+ 9 ! FIELDS = LACK ( MANP[]6 

,BUT ?IS WAS NOT ALL4 ,! WOR/ WAS YET TO COME4 ,9 ,JULY1 #a#i#c#g1 ! COLLECTIVES W]E BRUTALLY ATTACK$ BY MOBILE BRIGADES ( REGUL> >MY TROOPS COMM&$ BY ! NOTORI\S ,COMMUNI/ (FIC] ,5RIQUE ,LI/]4 ,!SE SAME TROOPS :O SO 0VALIANTLY0 ATTACK$ ! COLLECTIVES1 :5 FAC+ ! FASCI/S AT ,BEL*ITE FL$ 9 PANIC LIKE SC>$ RABBITS66 

,?IRTY P]C5T ( ! COLLECTIVES W]E COMPLETELY DE/ROY$4 ,AT ,ALCORA DE ,C9CO1 ! ,MUNICIPAL ,C\NCIL ?AT ADM9I/RAT$ ! COLLECTIVE WAS >RE/$4 ,! AG$ P5SION]S 9 ! OLD FOLKS HOME W]E DRIV5 \T4 ,:OLESALE >RE/S W]E MADE 9 O!R COLLECTIVES3 ,MAS DE LAS ,MATAS1 ,MONZON1 & ,B>BA/RO4 ,W>EH\SES1 /ORES1 COOP]ATIVE M>KETS1 & 9/ALLATIONS W]E PILLAG$ & WRECK$4 ,AT ! ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#c#g1 ,NATIONAL ,PL5UM ( ,PEASANTS 9 ,VAL5CIA1 ! ,>AGON DELEGATES MADE ?IS REPORT 7:I* WE SUMM>IZE73  
  

,MORE ?AN #f ORGANIZ]S ( COLLECTIVES HAVE BE5 IMPRISON$4 ,! GOV]NM5T-APPO9T$ COMMITTEES SEIZ$ ! FOOD M>KETS1 ! L&1 LIVE/OCK1 & TOOLS1 & RETURN$ !M TO MEMB]S ( FASCI/ FAMILIES OR FASCI/ SUSPECTS :OM ! REVOLUTION REFRA9$ FROM PROSECUT+4 ,! H>VE/ WAS EXPROPRIAT$ & DI/RIBUT$ 9 ! SAME WAY1 9CLUD+ EV5 LIVE/OCK RAIS$ BY ! COLLECTIVES4 ,9 C]TA9 VILLAGES LIKE ,BORDON & ,CALACIETE !Y EV5 CONFISCAT$ SE$S4  
  

,SO GREAT WAS ! DE/RUCTION ?AT ,REPUBLICAN ,SPA9 WAS ?REAT5$ ) />VATION4 ,! C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S PROV$ 9CAPABLE ( RESUM+ PRODUCTION &1 MU* AGA9/ !IR WILL1 !Y W]E =C$ TO HALT !IR DEPR$ATIONS & P]MIT ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( COLLECTIVES4 ,AL?\< SOME COLLECTIVES W]E RECON/ITUT$1 ?IS NOBLE MOVEM5T WAS IRRETRIEVABLY CRU%$ 7DISB&$1 NATIONALIZ$ OR RE/OR$ TO PRIVATE MONOPOLY7--A GREAT HI/ORIC ATROCITY :I* ! BOGUS 0ANTI-FASCI/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES WILL NEV] LIVE D[N4 0,JULY ( #a#i#c#f4 ,! PEOPLE ( ,B>CELONA TAKE UP >MS AGA9/ ! FASCI/ UPRIS+40  

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigc 3 ,P>T #a3 ,BACKGR\ND1 ,*APT] #c3 ,HI/ORICAL ,NOTES -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#a1 #bai 3 ,P>T #a3 ,BACKGR\ND1 ,*APT] #c3 ,HI/ORICAL ,NOTES -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/