,! ,BOL%EVIK ,DICTATOR%IP AT ,WORK 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN 

,TAGS 3 ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! C\NTRY1 9TOL]ANCE & P]SECUTION1 NEW ECONOMIC POLICY1 COMMUNI/ P>TY1 POLITICAL P>TY1 PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP1 REAL DICTATOR1 FUTURE HI/ORIAN1 REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS1 R$ T]ROR4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,H\S+ ,WORKS ,?RIFT ,%OPS1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,IT MU/ BE LEFT TO ! FUTURE HI/ORIAN TO DET]M9E :E!R ! ,BOL%EVIK REPRESSION ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 ) :I* !Y />T$1 !IR RULE1 WAS NOT M]ELY A MEANS T[>DS ! ULT]IOR PURPOSE ( SUPPRESS+ ALL ! O!R NON-,BOL%EVIK ELEM5TS4 ,= ! ,RUSSIAN B\RGEOISIE WAS NOT REALLY DANG]\S TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,AS IS WELL KN[N1 IT WAS AN 9SIGNIFICANT M9ORITY1 UNORGANIZ$1 )\T DEF9ITE SOLID>IC 9T]E/S & 5TIRELY P[]LESS4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 W]E A REAL OB/ACLE TO ! DICTATOR%IP ( ANY POLITICAL P>TY4  

 ,! ELIM9ATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ELEM5TS W\LD BE ( PRIME NECESSITY TO ANY  DICTATOR%IP1 BECAUSE SU* A DICTATOR%IP W\LD MEET ) ! /RONGE/ OPPOSITION ,N,O,T FROM ! B\RGEOISIE BUT FROM ! TRULY REVOLUTION>Y CLASSES1 NAMELY FROM ?OSE ?AT CONSID] DICTATOR%IP 9IMICAL TO ! BE/ 9T]E/S ( ! ,REVOLUTION4  ,BUT ! ,BOL%EVIKI C\LD NOT ,B,E,G,9 ) ! SUPPRESSION ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,IT W\LD PROVOKE ! DISAPPROVAL & RESI/ANCE ( ! WORK]S & SOLDI]S4 ,IT W\LD HAVE TO BE BEGUN AT ! B\RGEOIS 5D & MEANS F\ND GRADUALLY TO SPREAD ! NET OV] ! O!R ELEM5TS4 ,DI/RU/ & ANTAGONISM W\LD HAVE TO BE WAK5$1 9TOL]ANCE & P]SECUTION /IMULAT$1 POPUL> FE> R\S$ = ! 0SAFETY ( ! ,REVOLUTION0 9 ORD] TO SECURE SUPPORT = AN EV]-WID5+ CAMPAIGN ( ELIM9ATION & SUPPRESSION1 = ! 9TRODUCTION ( ! BLOODY H& ( R$ T]ROR 9TO ! LIFE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4  

,AS ,I SAY1 IT WILL BE ! PLACE ( ! FUTURE HI/ORIAN TO DET]M9E TO :AT EXT5D SU* MOTIVES HAVE FA%ION$ ! POLICIES ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI 9 #aiag & S9CE4 ,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI ,D,I,D FOLL[ SU* POLICIES1 ) ! RESULT ?AT !IR SO-CALL$ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY BECAME ! SOLE DICTATOR ( ,RUSSIA4 ,LET US N[ CONSID]1 !N1 :AT ?AT DICTATOR%IP HAS ACCOMPLI%$ 9 ! ALMO/ #ac YE>S ( ITS EXCLUSIVE DOM9ATION4  

 ,FIR/ ( ALL1 IT ACCOMPLI%$ ! COMPLETE MA/]Y ( A S+LE POLITICAL P>TY OV] A C\NTRY ( OV] #ad MILLION ( PEOPLE4 ,9 ! NAME ( ! 0PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP0 ! ,BOL%EVIKI BECAME ! ABSOLUTE RUL]S ( ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT ! 0PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP0 WAS NOT & C\LD NOT BE ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,MILLIONS ( PEOPLE CANNOT ALL BE DICTATORS4 ,NOR CAN ?\S&S ( P>TY MEMB]S DICTATE4 ,BY ITS V]Y NATURE ( DICTATOR%IP IS LIMIT$ TO A SMALL NUMB] ( PEOPLE4 ,! LESS ( !M1 ! /RONG] & MORE UNIFI$ ! DICTATOR%IP4 ,9 ACTUAL PRACTICE DICTATOR%IP ,A,L,W,A,Y,S MEANS ! RULE ( ,O,N,E P]SON1 ! /RONG & MO/ UNSCRUPUL\S MAN :OSE WILL COMPELS ! CONS5T ( HIS NOM9AL CO-DICTATORS4 ,IT CANNOT BE O!RWISE1 & SO IT WAS1 & IS1 ) ! ,BOL%EVIKI4  

 ,! REAL DICTATOR 9 ,RUSSIA HAS NEV] BE5 ! PROLET>IAT1 NEI!R ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S NOR ! AGR>IAN TOIL]S4 ,IT IS NOT EV5 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4  ,!ORETICALLY ! P[] IS WIELD$ BY ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,P>TY1 BUT ACTUALLY IT IS 9 ! H&S ( ! 9N] CIRCLE ( ?AT ,COMMITTEE1 CALL$ ! POLITICAL BUREAU OR 0POLITBUREAU04 ,BUT EV5 ! POLITBUREAU HAS NEV] BE5 ! REAL DICTATOR1 ?\< ITS MEMB]%IP IS LESS ?AN A SCORE4 ,9 ! POLITBUREAU !RE >E ALWAYS DIFF]+ VIEWS ON EV]Y IMPORTANT QUE/ION1 AS !RE MU/  

BE :]E !RE >E MANY HEADS1 EA* 9TRIGU+ = ITS [N POLITICAL S*EMES & AMBITIONS4 ,! REAL DICTATOR IS ! MAN :OSE 9FLU5CE SECURES ! SUPPORT ( ! MAJORITY ( ! POLITBUREAU4 ,9 =M] DAYS ?AT MAN WAS ,L591 & IT WAS HE :O WAS ! REAL 0PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP01 JU/ AS ,MUSSOL9I1 = 9/ANCE1 & NOT ! ,FASCI/ ,P>TY1 IS DICTATOR 9 ,ITALY4 ,IT WAS ALWAYS ! VIEWS & IDEAS ( ,L59 ?AT W]E C>RI$ \T1 FROM ! V]Y 9CEPTION ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY TO ! LA/ DAYS ( ,L59'S LIFE2 C>RI$ \T ,E,V,5 :5 ! 5TIRE ,P>TY WAS OPPOS$ TO HIS OP9ION & EV5 :5 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE BITT]LY F\<T HIS PROPOSALS ON !IR FIR/ PRES5TATION4 ,IT WAS ,L59 :O ALWAYS WON1 HIS WILL ?AT PREVAIL$4 ,IT WAS SO 9 EV]Y CRITICAL P]IOD ( ,BOL%EVIK HI/ORY1 AS ,I HAVE PROV$ 9 DETAIL 9 MY REC5T WORK 0,N[ & ,AFT]04 ,IT C\LD NOT HELP BE+ SO1 BECAUSE DICTATOR%IP ALWAYS MEANS DOM9ATION BY ! /RONGE/ P]SONALITY1 ! SUPREMACY ( A S+LE WILL4  

 ,AS =M]LY ,L591 SO N[ IT IS ,/AL9 :O S+LE-H&$LY RULES ! 5TIRE ,P>TY1 & ) IT ALL ( ,RUSSIA4 ,RULES EV5 ) A MORE IRON H& ?AT ,L59 BY SIMPLY SIL5C+ EV5 ! MO/ P[]FUL LEAD]S :O HAPP5 TO DISAGREE ) HIM1 AS WITNESS ! CASE ( ,TROTSKY1 ,BURKH>91 ,PREEBRAZH5SKY1 ,KRE/9SKY & O!R MO/ P[]FUL CO-DICTATORS4  

 ,RUSSIA IS A C\NTRY ( VA/ EXT5T1 SPREAD OV] HALF ( ,EUROPE & ALSO OCCUPY+ A GOODLY P>T ( ,ASIA4 ,IT IS PEOPLE BY NUM]\S RACES & NATIONALITIES SPEAK+ MORE ?AN FIFTY DIFF]5T LANGUAGES & DIALECTS1 & HAV+ A DIV]SIFI$ PSY*OLOGY1 V>I$ 9T]E/S & \TLOOK UPON LIFE4 ,WE KN[ :AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,CZ>S DID 9 ! PAS TO ?AT MILLION-HEAD$ CONGLOM]ATION ( PEOPLES4 ,LET US 

 N[ SEE :AT ! 0PROLET>IAN0 DICTATOR%IP HAS A*IEV$4  

 ,TODAY1 OV] A DECADE ( ,BOL%EVIK RULE1 WE CAN =M A FAIR E/IMATE ( ITS EFFECTS & EXAM9E ! RESULTS ACCOMPLI%$4 ,LET US SUM !M UP4  

 ,:AT IS ,RUSSIA TODAY POLITICALLY6  ,IT WAS ! AIM ( ! ,REVOLUTION TO ABOLI% GOV]NM5TAL TYRANNY & OPPRESSION & MAKE ! PEOPLE FREE4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T IS ADMITT$LY ! WOR/ DESPOTISM 9 ,EUROPE1 ) ! SOLE EXCEPTION ( ,FASCI/ RULE 9 ,ITALY4 ,! CITIZ5 HAS NO RI<TS :I* ! ,GOV]NM5T FEELS B\ND TO RESPECT4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS A POLITICAL MONOPOLY1 ) ALL ! O!R P>TIES & MOVEM5TS \TLAW$4 ,SECURITY ( P]SON & DOMICILE IS UNKN[N4 ,FRE$OM ( SPEE* & PRESS DOES NOT EXI/4 ,EV5 )9 ! ,P>TY ! LEA/ DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION IS SUPPRESS$ & PUNI%$ BY IMPRISONM5T & EXILE1 AS WITNESS ! FATE ( ,TROTSKY & HIS FOLL[]S ( ! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION4 ,! ,RI<T ,OPPOSITION SUFF]S ! SAME FATE1 9CLUD+ EV5 ! /RONGE/ MEMB]S ( ! 9N] CIRCLE4 ,ONE CAN EASILY IMAG9E :AT *ANCES AN ORD9>Y MORTAL HAS :5 HE D>ES D\BT ! OMNISCI5CE ( ! ,/AL9 REGIME4 ,9DEP5D5T OP9ION IS NOT TOL]AT$1 NOT TO SPEAK ( UNAU?ORIZ$ MOTION4 ,! ,G4,P4,U4 -- ! SECRET S]VICE =M]LY CALL$ ! ,T*EKA -- IS ! SUP]-GOV]NM5T ) UNLIMIT$ P[] OV] ! LIB]TY & LIVES ( ! 5TIRE PEOPLE ( ,RUSSIA4 ,ONLY ?OSE :O >E UNQUE/IONABLY ON ! SIDE ( ! DOM9ANT ,P>T CLIQUE 5JOY PRIVILEGES4 ,!Y 5JOY 0FULL LIB]TY0 -- ! K9D ( LIB]TY ?AT EXI/S UND] EV]Y DESPOTISM3 IF Y\ HAVE NO?+ TO SAY Y\ >E P]FECTLY FREE TO SAY IT EV5 9 ! L& ( ,MUSSOL9I4 ,AS A PROM95T MEMB] ( ITS A REC5T ,COMMUNI/ ,CONGRESS SAID3 0!RE IS ROOM 9 ,RUSSIA = ALL POLITICAL P>TIES3 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY IS 9 

 ! ,GOV]NM5T1 ! O!RS >E 9 PRISON04  

 0,BUT EV5 IF !RE IS NO LIB]TY 9 ,RUSSIA01 SOME ONE MAY SAY1 0MAY BE ! ,BOL%EVIKI >E B5EFIT+ ! PEOPLE ECONOMICALLY60 ,LET US1 !N1 TAKE A LOOK AT ! ECONOMIC RESULTS ( ,COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP4  

 ,IT WAS ! MA9 PURPOSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION TO ABOLI% CAPITALISM1 FREE ! PEOPLE FROM EXPLOITATION1 BREAK ! *A9S ( ! MAT]IAL DEP5D5CE1 HUMILIATION & 5SLAVEM5T1 & E/ABLI% ,COMMUNISM & EQUALITY4  

 ,! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP ,B,E,G,A,N BY 9/ITUT+ A SY/EM ( ! GROSSE/ 9EQUALITY1 ( UNEQUAL COMP5SATION & DISCRIM9AT+ REW>DS4 ,AT ! V]Y BEG9N+ ( !IR RULE !Y E/ABLI%$ #ad DIFF]5T GRADS ( 0PAYOK0 7FOOD RATIONS71 DISCRIM9AT+ BETWE5 ! SAILOR & ! SOLDI]2 BETWE5 ! SOLDI] & ! WORK]2 BETWE5 ! WORK] 9 ONE 9DU/RY & ?AT ( ANO!R2 BETWE5 ! PROLET>IAN ( ! CITY & ! TOIL] 9 ! FIELDS2 BETWE5 ! FIELD TOIL] & ! DAY LABOR]2 BETWE5 ! LATT] & ! TEA*]2 BETWE5 ! TEA*] 9 ! 9DU/RIAL FIELD & ! 9/RUCTOR 9 ! $UCATIONAL L9E2 BETWE5 ! TEA*] ( L[] GRADES & ?OSE :O HAD A UNIV]SITY $UCATION2 & SO ON1 AD 9F9ITUM4 ,AT ONE TIME !RE 9 ,RUSSIA OV] #be DIFF]5T 0GRADES0 ( LABOR1 REMUN]AT$ DIFF]5TLY4 ,NATURALLY SU* A CONDITION ( 0COMMUNISM0 IMM$IATELY CREAT$ DISAFFECTION & RES5TM5T4 ,IT WAS /ILL 9CREAS$ BY ! FACT ?AT A MEMB] ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY1 EV5 IF NOT A WORK]1 RECEIV$ A F> BETT] RATION ?AN ! BE/ WORK+MAN4 ,& A ,BOL%EVIK (FICIAL RECEIV$ /ILL MORE1 ) NUM]\S SPECIAL PRIVILEGES ?AT C\LD NOT FAIL TO >\SE ! PROTE/ ( ! ORD9>Y PROLET>IAN 9 ! FACTORY & %OP4  

 ,?AT 9ITIAL 9JU/ICE & 9EQUALITY WAS ,*,>,A,C,T,],I,/,I,C ( ! 5TIRE ,BOL%EVIK SY/EM4 ,NOR W]E ?OSE TACTICS DICTAT$ BY ! NE$S ( ! SITUATION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y W]E ! RESULTS M]ELY ( POLITICAL P>TY CONSID]ATIONS4 ,HAV+ USURP$ ! RE9S ( GOV]NM5T & FE>+ ! OPPOSITION ( ! PEOPLE1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI S\<T TO /R5G!N !MSELVES 9 ! GOV]NM5T SEAT BY CURRY+ FAVOR FIR/ ( ALL ) ! SAILORS1 !N ) ! SOLDI]S & F9ALLY ) ! CITY WORK]S4 ,BUT BY ?OSE MEANS !Y SUCCE$$ ONLY 9 CREAT+ 9DIGNATION & ANTAGONISM ! MASSES BY ! CRY+ & OBVI\S 9JU/ICES4 ,IT MU/ NEV] BE =GOTT5 ?AT ! 9T]E/ ( ! MASSES & !IR LOYALTY TO A REVOLUTION DEP5DS ,F,U,N,D,A,M,5,T,A,L,L,Y ON !IR FEEL+ ?AT !Y REVOLUTION REPRES5TS JU/ICE & FAIR PLAY4 ,! MASSES 9/9CTIVELY SEE 9 REVOLUTION ! 5EMY ( WRONG & 9IQUITY2 TO !M ! REVOLUTION MEAN ! CORRECTION ( SU* WRONG1 !IR ABOLITION4 ,9 ?IS S5SE REVOLUTION IS A HI<LY E?ICAL FACTOR & A GREAT 9SPIRATION ?AT R\SES ! PEOPLE TO ACTS ( GREAT SELF-SACRIFICE & H]OISM4  

 ,! :OLE PHILOSOPHY & TACTICS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI IGNOR$ ?IS GREAT E?ICAL PR9CIPLE4 ,9ITIAL WRONGS PAV$ ! WAY = NUM]\S O!R & EV5 MORE T]RIBLE 9JU/ICES4 ,! DIRECT & 9EVITABLE RESULT ( !SE POLICIES WAS TO P>ALYZE ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! C\NTRY4 ,! DICTATOR%IP & ! R$ T]ROR BY :I* IT WAS MA9TA9$ ANTAGONIZ$ ! PEOPLE2 ! NEW DESPOTISM EMBITT]$ ! MASSES4 ,! REPRESSION ( EV]Y 9DEP5D5T EF=T ALI5AT$ ! BE/ ELEM5TS FROM ! ,REVOLUTION & MADE !M FEEL ?AT IT HAD BECOME ! PRIVATE CONC]N ( ! POLITICAL P>TY 9 P[]4 ,FAC+ A NEW TYRANNY 9/EAD ( ! LONG$-= LIB]TY1 ! WORK]S BECAME DISC\RAG$4 ,!Y FELT !IR REVOLUTION>Y A*IEVEM5TS TAK5 FROM !M & US$ AS A WEAPON AGA9/ !MSELVES &  

!IR ASPIRATIONS4 ,! PROLET>IAN SAW HIS FACTORY COMMITTEE SUBJECT$ TO ! DICTATES ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & MADE HELPLESS TO PROTECT HIS 9T]E/S AS A TOIL]4 ,HIS LABOR UNION BECAME ! M\?PIECE & TRANSMITT] ( ,BOL%EVIK ORD]S1 & HE F\ND HIMSELF DEPRIV$ ( ALL VOICE1 NOT ONLY 9 ! MANAGEM5T ( 9DU/RY BUT EV5 9 HIS [N FACTORY :]E HE WAS KEPT AT WORK LONG H\RS AT ! POORE/ PAY4 ,! TOIL]S SOON REALIZ$ ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION HAD BE5 TAK5 \T ( !IR H&S1 ?AT !IR SOVIETS HAD BE5 EMASCULAT$ ( ALL P[]1 & ?AT !IR C\NTRY WAS BE+ RUL$ BY SOME PEOPLE F> AWAY 9 ! ,KREML91 JU/ AT IT WAS 9 ! DAYS ( ! ,CZ>S4 ,ELIM9AT$ FROM REVOLUTION>Y & CREATIVE ACTIVITY1 LIV+ ONLY TO OBEY ! NEW MA/]S1 CON/ANTLY H>ASS$ BY ,BOL%EVIKI & ,T*EKI/S1 & EV] 9 FE> ( PRISON OR EXECUTION = ! LEA/ EXPRESSION ( PROTE/1 ! WORK] BECAME EMBITT]$ AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,HE DES]T$ ! FACTORY & S\<T ! VILLAGE :]E HE MI<T BE FUR!/ REMOV$ FROM ! DREAD$ RUL]S & AT LEA/ SECURE ( HIS DAILY BREAD4 ,?US BROKE D[N ! 9DU/RIES ( ! C\NTRY4  

 ,! PEASANT SAW LEA!R-CLAD & >M$ ,COMMUNI/S DESC5D UPON HIS QUIET VILLAGE1 DESPOIL IT ( ! FRUIT ( HIS H>D LABOR1 & TREAT HIM ) ! BRUTALITY & 9SOL5CE ( ! OLD ,CZ>I/ (FICIALS4 ,HE SAW HIS ,SOVIET DOM9AT$ BY SOME LAZY1 GOOD-=-NO?+ VILLAGE LOAF] CALL+ HIMSELF ,BOL%EVIK & HOLD+ P[] FROM ,MOSC[4 ,HE HAD WILL+LY1 EV5 G5]\SLY1 GIV5 HIS :EAT & CORN TO FE$ ! WORK]S & ! SOLDI]S1 BUT HE SAW HIS PROVISIONS LIE ROTT+ AT ! RAILROAD /ATIONS & 9 ! W>E H\SES1 BECAUSE ! ,BOL%EVIKI C\LD NOT !MSELVES MANAGE ?+S  

& W\LD LET NO ONE ELSE DO IT4 ,HE KNEW ?AT HIS BRO!RS 9 ! FACTORY & 9 ! >MY SUFF]$ = LACK ( FOOD BECAUSE ( ,COMMUNI/ 9EFFICI5CY1 BUREAUCRACY1 & CORRUPTION4 ,HE UND]/OOD :Y MORE WAS ALWAYS DEM&$ ( HIM4 ,HE SAW HIS FEW POSSESSIONS1 HIS [N FAMILY PROVISIONS1 CONFISCAT$ BY ! ,T*EKI/S :O (T5 TOOK EV5 HIS LA/ HORSE )\T :I* ! PEASANT C\LD NEI!R WORK NOR LIVE4 ,HE SAW HIS NEI<BOR VILLAGES1 ?AT REBELL$ AGA9/ !SE \TRAGES1 LEVEL$ TO ! GR\ND & ! PEASANTS :IPP$ & %OT1 JU/ AS 9 ! OLD DAYS4 ,HE TURN$ AGA9/ ! ,REVOLUTION & 9 HIS DESP]ATION HE DET]M9$ TO PLANT & S[ NO MORE ?AN HE NE$$ = HIMSELF & FAMILY & TO HIDE EV5 ?AT 9 ! =E/4  

,SU* W]E ! RESULTS ( ! DICTATOR%IP1 ( ,L59'S MILIT>Y COMMUNISM1 & ,BOL%EVIK ME?ODS4 ,9DU/RY /OOD /ILL1 ! BITT]NESS ( ! WORK]S1 & ! PEASANT UPRIS+S BEGAN TO ?REAT5 ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME4 ,TO SAVE ! DICTATOR%IP ,L59 DECID$ TO 9TRODUCE A NEW ECONOMIC POLICY1 KN[N AS ! 0NEP04  

,! PURPOSE ( ! 0NEP0 WAS TO REVIVE ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! C\NTRY4 ,IT WAS TO 5C\RAGE GREAT] PRODUCTION BY ! PEASANTRY BY ALL[+ !M TO SELL !IR SURPLUS 9/EAD ( HAV+ IT =CIBLY CONFISCAT$ BY ! GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WAS ALSO TO 5ABLE EX*ANGE ( PRODUCTS BY LEGALIZ+ TRADE & REVIV+ ! COOP]ATIVES =M]LY SUPPRESS$ AS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 ,BUT ! DET]M9ATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO HOLD ON TO ITS DICTATOR%IP MADE ALL !SE ECONOMIC RE=MS 9EFFECTUAL1 BECAUSE 9DU/RY CANNOT DEVELOP UND] A DESPOTIC REGIME4 ,ECONOMIC GR[?1 AS WELL AS TRADE & COMM]CE1 REQUIRES 

SECURITY ( P]SON & PROP]TY1 A C]TA9 AM\NT ( FRE$OM & NON9T]F]5CE 9 ORD] TO FUNCTION4 BUT DICTATOR%IP DOES NOT P]MIT ?AT FRE$OMS2 ITS 0GU>ANTEES0 CANNOT 9SPIRE CONFID5CE4 ,H5CE ! NEW ECONOMIC POLICY HAS NOT PRODUC$ ! RESULTS DESIR$1 & ,RUSSIA REMA9S 9 ! ?ROES ( POV]TY1 CON/ANTLY ON ! BR9K ( ECONOMIC DISA/]4  

,9DU/RIALLY ! DICTATOR%IP HAS EMASCULAT$ ! ,REVOLUTION ( ITS PURPOSE ( PLAC+ PRODUCTION 9 ! H&S ( ! PROLET>IAT & MAK+ ! WORK] 9DEP5D5T ( ECONOMIC MA/]S4 ,! DICTATOR%IP M]ELY *ANG$ MA/]S3 ! GOV]NM5T HAS BECOME ! BOSS 9/EAD ( ! 9DIVIDUAL CAPITALI/1 ?\< ! LATT] IS N[ ALSO DEVELOP+ AS A NEW CLANS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! TOIL] HAS REMA9$ DEP5D5T AS BE=E4 ,9 FACT1 MORE SO4 ,HIS LABOR ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BE5 DEPRIV$ ( ALL P[]1 & HE HAS LO/ EV5 ! RI<T TO /RIKE AGA9/ HIS GOV]NM5TAL EMPLOY]4 0,S9CE ! WORK]S1 AS A CLASS1 WIELD ! DICTATOR%IP01 ! ,COMMUNI/S >GUE1 0!Y CANNOT /RIKE AGA9/ !MSELVES04 ,ACCORD+LY ! PROLET>IANS 9 ,RUSSIA PAY !MSELVES WAGES ?AT >E NOT SUFFICI5T = B>E EXI/5CE1 LIVE CR[D$ 9 UNHYGI5IC QU>T]S1 WORK UND] MO/ UNSANIT>Y CONDITIONS1 5DANG] !IR HEAL?  & LIVES BECAUSE ( LACK ( 9DU/RIAL PRECAUTION & SAFETY1 & >RE/ & IMPRISON !MSELVES = AN EXPRESSION ( DISCONT5T4  

,C,U,L,T,U,R,A,L,L,Y ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME IS A TRA9+ S*OOL 9 ,COMMUNISM4  

& P>TY FANATICISM1 ) NO ACCESS TO IDEAS DIFF]+ FROM ! VIEWS ( ! DOM9ANT CLIQUE4 ,IT IS ! RE>+ ( AN 5TIRE PEOPLE 9 ! DOGMAS ( A POLITICAL *UR*1 ) NO OPPORTUNITY TO BROAD5 & CULTIVATE ! M9D \TSIDE ! CIRCLE ( OP9IONS P]MITT$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,NO PRESS EXI/S 9 ,RUSSIA EXCEPT ! (FICIAL ,COMMUNI/ PUBLICATIONS & SU* O!RS AS >E APPROV$ ( BY ! ,BOL%EVIK C5SOR4 ,NO PUBLIC S5TIM5T CAN F9D EXPRESSION !RE1 S9CE ! GOV]NM5T HAS A MONOPOLY ( SPEE*1 PRESS1 & ASSEMBLY4  

,IT IS NO EXAGG]ATION TO SAY ?AT !RE IS LESS FRE$OM ( OP9ION & OPPORTUNITY TO VOICE IT UND] ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP ?AN !RE HAD BE5 UND] ! ,CZ>S4 ,:5 ,RUSSIA WAS RUL$ BY ! ,ROMANOVS Y\ C\LD AT LEA/ SECRETLY ISSUE PAMPHLETS & BOOKS1 S9CE ! GOV]NM5T !N HAD NO MONOPOLY ( ! PAP] SUPPLY & PR9T+ PRESSES4 ,!SE W]E 9 PRIVATE H&S1 & ! REVOLUTIONI/S C\LD ALWAYS F9D WAYS TO USE !M = !IR PROPAG&A4  

,TO-DAY 9 ,RUSSIA ALL ! MEANS ( PUBLICATION & DI/RIBUTION >E 9 ! EXCLUSIVE POSSESSION ( ! ,GOV]NM5T1 & NO P]SON CAN EXPRESS HIS VIEWS TO ! PUBLIC UNLESS HE FIR/ SECURES ,BOL%EVIK P]MISSION4 ,?\S&S ( ILLEGAL PUBLICATIONS HAD BE5 ISSU$ BY REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES DUR+ ! AUTOCRATIC ,ROMANOV REGIME4 ,UND] ,COMMUNI/ RULE SU* A HAPP5+ IS MO/ EXCEPTIONAL1 AS WITNESS ! 9DIGNANT AMAZEM5T ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI :5 IT WAS DISCOV]$ ?AT ,TROTSKY HAD SUCCE$$ 9 PUBLI%+ ! PLAT=M ( ! ,OPPOSITION ELEM5T 9 ! ,P>TY4  

,S,O,C,I,A,L,L,Y ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA1 T5 YE>S AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION1 IS A C\NTRY :]E NO MAN CAN 5JOY POLITICAL SECURITY OR ECONOMIC 9DEP5D5CE1 :]E ! HIDD5 H& ( ! ,G4,P4,U4 IS ALWAYS AT WORK1 T]RORIZ+ ! PEOPLE BY SUDD5 NI<T SE>*ES1 >RE/S = NO KN[N CAUSE1 SECRET D5UNCIATION = ALLEG$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION \T ( P]SONAL REV5GE1 IMPRISONM5T )\T HE>+ OR TRIAL1 & YE>-LONG EXILE TO ! FROZ5 ,NOR? ( ,SIB]IA OR ! >ID WA/ES ( ,WE/]N ,ASIA4 ,A HUGE PRISON1 :]E EQUALITY MEANS ! FE> ( ALL ALIKE1 & 0FRE$OM0 SIGNIFIES UNQUE/ION+ SUBMISSION TO ! P[]S ?AT BE4  

,M,O,R,A,L,L,Y ,RUSSIA REPRES5TS ! /RUGGLE ( ! F9] QUALITIES ( MAN AGA9/ ! DEGRAD+ & CORRUPT+ EFFECTS ( A SY/EM BUILT ON CO]CION & 9TIMIDATION4 ,! ,REVOLUTION BR\<T ! BE/ 9/9CTS ( MAN TO ! =E3 HIS MANHOOD1 HIS CONSCI\SNESS ( HUMAN VALUE1 HIS LOVE ( LIB]TY & JU/ICE4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y ATMOSPH]E 9SPIR$ & CULTIVAT$ !SE T5D5CIES LY+ DORMANT 9 ! PEOPLE1 P>TICUL>LY ! FEEL+ AGA9/ OPPRESSION1 ! HUNG] = FRE$OM1 ! SPIRIT ( MUTUAL HELPFULNESS & COOP]ATION4 ,BUT ! DICTATOR%IP HAS HAD ! EFFECT ( C\NT]ACT+ !SE TRAITS & >\S+ 9/EAD FE> & HATR$1 ! SPIRIT ( 9TOL]ANCE & P]SECUTION4 ,BOL%EVIK ME?ODS HAVE SY/EMATICALLY WEAK5$ ! PEOPLE'S MORALE1 HAVE 5C\RAG$ S]VILITY & HYPOCRISY1 CREAT$ DISILLUSIONM5T & DI/RU/1 & HAVE DEVELOP$ AN ATMOSPH]E ( TIME-S]V+ N[ DOM9ANT 9 ,RUSSIA4  

,SU* IS ! SITUATION TO-DAY 9 ?AT UNHAPPY L&1 SU* ! EFFECTS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK IDEA ?AT Y\ CAN MAKE PEOPLE FREE BY COMPULSION1 ! DOGMA ?AT DICTATOR%IP CAN LEAD TO LIB]TY4  
  

,NO REVOLUTION HAS YET TRI$ ! TRUE WAY ( LIB]TY4 ,NONE HAD SUFFICI5T FAI? 9 IT4 ,=CE & SUPPRESSION1 P]SECUTION1 REV5GE1 & T]ROR HAVE *>ACT]IZ$ ALL REVOLUTIONS 9 ! PA/ & HAVE !REBY DEFEAT$ !IR ORIG9AL AIMS4 ,! TIME HAS COME TO TRY NEW ME?ODS1 NEW WAYS4 ,! SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS TO A*IEVE ! EMANCIPATION ( MAN ?R\< LIB]TY1 BUT IF WE HAVE NO FAI? 9 ! LATT]1 REVOLUTION BECOMES A D5IAL & BETRAYAL ( ITSELF4 ,LET US !N HAVE ! C\RAGE ( FRE$OM3 LET IT REPLACE SUPPRESSION & T]ROR4 ,LET LIB]TY BECOME \R FAI? & \R ,N,E,$ & WE %ALL GR[ /RONG !RE94  

7,S\RCE3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE = ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY'S ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN >*IVE47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #c1 #bag 3 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,DICTATOR%IP AT ,WORK -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,DICTATOR%IP AT ,WORK -- ,UPDAT$4 

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