,! ,C5T5>Y ( ! ,REVOLUTION - ,P>T #b 

#ahhi 

,PEOPLE 3 

,$ITOR 3 ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON 

,TAGS 3 DECL>ATION ( ! RI<TS ( MAN1 REPRES5TATIVES ( ! NATION1 ABOLITION ( FEUDAL RI<TS1 ABOLITION ( FEUDALISM1 RI<TS ( MAN1 FEUDAL RI<TS1 GREAT REVOLUTION1 C\RT RULE1 FEUDAL OBLIGATIONS1 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,GREG ,WOLF1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,! HI/ORY ( ! GREAT REVOLUTION1 :5 PROP]LY UND]/OOD1 IS ! MO/ /RIK+ ILLU/RATION ( :AT WE ,AN>*I/S MA9TA91 NAMELY1 ?AT EV5 DUR+ A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 EV5 ) ASSEMBLIES ELECT$ UND] ! PRESSURE ( ! REVOLT$ MASSES1 ! P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATIVES ( ! NATION1 F> FROM PROMOT+ ! ACCOMPLI%M5T ( ! REVOLUTION1 W]E LIKE HEAVY %OT ATTA*$ TO ITS FEET4 ,IF ! ,FR5*-PEASANTS HAD EXPECT$ !IR LIB]ATION FROM ! FEUDAL YOKE FROM ! ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TION1 ! ,ASSEMBLY1 OR ! ,LEGISLATIVE ,ASSEMBLY1 OR EV5 ! ,CONV5TION1 W\LD HAVE COME \T ( ! REVOLUTION UND] NE>LY ! SAME BURD5 AS BE=E4 ,& IF ,FRANCE HAD EXPECT$ FROM H] LEGISLATORS ! ABOLITION ( C\RT RULE1 C\RT RULE W\LD HAVE BE5 MA9TA9$ ALMO/ 9 FULL4 

,?R\<\T ! F\R YE>S ?AT ! REVOLUTION LA/$1 IT WAS 5TIRELY ! WORK ( ! MASSES1 ACT+ UND] !IR [N PROP] IMPULSE AGA9/ ! ORD]S RECEIV$ FROM !IR ,P>IS LEAD]S & COMPELL+ SOME ( ?OSE LEAD]S TO FOLL[ - AGA9/ ! LAWS VOT$ BY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! NATION4 ,& YET WE MU/ REMEMB] ?AT ! REPRES5TATIVES1 W]E ELECT$ BY ! MASSES2 ?AT ! WEAL?-POSSESS+ CLASSES AB/A9$ FROM ! ELECTIONS2 ?AT !Y FL$ FROM ,FRANCE OR TOOK NO P>T 9 ! ELECTIONS :I*1 9 PROPORTION AS ! REVOLUTION DEVELOP$1 FELL MORE & MORE 9TO ! H&S ( ! >D5T REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,AFT] ! MASSACRES ( ,SEPTEMB] #b#b1 #a#g#i#b1 ! RI*] CLASSES1 T]RORIZ$ BY ! EV5TS 9 ! ,P>IS PRISONS1 TOOK NO P>T AT ALL 9 ! ELECTION ( ! ,CONV5TION - & YET ?AT BODY1 SO GLORIFI$ BY ! MIDDLE-CLASS HI/ORIANS1 WAS ! REFUGE ( REACTION4  

,! MASSES REVOLT$1 NOT)/&+ ! ,DRACONIAN LAWS ISSU$ AGA9/ ! REVOLUTIONI/S BY ! SUCCESSIVE ,ASSEMBLIES2 & :5 !Y SUCCE$$ 9 COMPELL+ !SE ,ASSEMBLIES TO RECOGNIZE BY LAW ! FACT1 ALREADY ACCOMPLI%$1 !Y DID SO BY MEANS ( >M$ DEMON/RATIONS 9 ! /REETS1 BY M5ACES LAUN*$ FROM ! LOBBIES ( ! ,H\SE1 :]E REVOLUTIONI/S REGUL>LY ATT5D$ ! SITT+S 9 ORD] TO EX]T PRESSURE ON !IR LEGISLATORS1 BY >M$ IRRUPTIONS ( ! CR[DS 9TO ! ,H\SE1 & BY T]RORIZ+ !IR SO-CALL$ REVOLUTION>Y REPRES5TATIVES4 

,! ,CONV5TION WAS NO EXCEPTION TO ! RULE4 ,TO OBTA9 FROM IT ! SANCTION ( ! TOTAL ABOLITION ( FEUDAL RI<TS & SOME MEASURES TO SUPPRESS ! T]RIBLE SPECULATION 9 GRA9 & SO PREV5T FAM9E1 ! CR[DS ( ,P>IS PROLET>IANS BAD TO MEET ON ,MAY #c1 #a#g#i#c1 9 !IR SECTIONS1 TO DISPLACE ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS :I* WAS AS BAD A ,P>LIAM5T AS ! ,CONV5TION1 & TO S5D !IR >TILL]YM5 TO >RE/1 OR PUT TO FLI<T NO LESS ?AN ONE HUNDR$ & ?IRTY-?REE MEMB]S ( ! ,CONV5TION1 TO T]RORIZE1 9 %ORT1 ! 0TOADS ( ! M>%0 7! C5T]7 & TO COMPEL ! LEFT W+ TO ACCEPT ! NECESS>Y REVOLUTION>Y MEASURES4 

,! *IEF *ANGE DUE TO ! ,GREAT ,REVOLUTION WAS1 AS WE SAID 9 \R PREC$+ >TICLE1 ! ABOLITION ( FEUDAL RI<TS4 ,SO LOT US SEE H[ IT WAS ACCOMPLI%$4 

,AFT] ! W9T] ( #a<h ! PEASANTS NO LONG] FULFILL$ ! FEUDAL OBLIGATIONS4 ,SECRET SOCIETIES-QUITE 9=MAL & HAV+ NO?+ ( ! RIGIDITY ( ! SECRET MIDDLE-CLASS ,REPUBLICAN SOCIETIES :I* SPREAD 9 ,EUROPE FIFTY YE>S LAT] - ! 0,JACQUES10 ! 0,FRI5DS ( ! ,BLACK ,ONES10 & SO ON1 SPRANG UP AMONG ! PEASANTS !MSELVES4 ,R5TS & TAXES W]E NOT PAID4  

,:5 ! PEASANTS SAW ?AT ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T BECAME MORE & MORE DISORGANIZ$1 & ?AT OLD =MS ( REPRESSION W]E DROPP+ 9TO DISUSE1 !Y TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ?AT MOM5T = OP5LY %AK+ (F ! YOKE ( FEUDALISM4 ,&1 9 PROPORTION AS ! GOV]NM5T GREW MORE & MORE DISORGANIZ$ AT ,V]SAILLES BY ! /RUGGLES BETWE5 ! ,C\RT & ! ,?IRD ,CLASS1 !Y GREW BOLD] & HOLD]4 

,9 SOME PLACES ! :OLE ( ! VILLAGE W5T TO ! [N] & NOTIFI$ HIM !IR REFUSAL TO SUBMIT ANY LONG] TO ! FEUDAL OBLIGATIONS4 ,9 O!R PLACES !Y BESIEG$ ! CA/LES1 TOOK POSSESSION ( ! T]RI]S 7! P>*M5TS ON :I* !IR V>I\S OBLIGATIONS W]E 9SCRIB$7 & BURN$ !M1 SOMETIMES ALSO BURN+ ! CA/LE TOGE!R ) ! P>*M5TS4 ,BUT 9 ! GREAT MAJORITY ( CASES1 :5 ! PEASANTS !MSELVES W]E NOT BOLD 5\< TO MAKE A DECISIVE MOVE1 B&S ( HOLD] PEASANTS - ! POORE/ ONES - COM+ FROM MANY VILLAGES1 MET TOGE!R & W5T OV] ! C\NTRY BURN+ ! CA/LES ( ! LORDS & ALL ! PAP]S ( !IR JUDGES & GOV]NORS4 

,H[EV]1 IT W\LD BE AN ]ROR TO IMAG9E ?AT ! PEASANT 9SURRECTION SPREAD ALL OV] ,FRANCE4 ,ALL REVOLUTIONS >E MADE BY M9ORITIES1 & PRECISELY !RE=E !Y >E REVOLUTIONS - ?AT IS1 *ANGES MADE MU* BE=E ! MAJORITY IS READY TO MOVE = OBTA9+ ! *ANGE4 ,SO ALSO IT WAS 9 #a#g#h#i1 ,!RE W]E A FEW PROV9CES 9 ! EA/ :]E TWO-?IRDS ( ! CA/LES HAD BE5 SACK$1 BUT !RE W]E :OLE PROV9CES :]E ! PEASANTS SIMPLY GRUMBL$ )\T MOV+1 AWAIT+ ! \TCOME ( EV5TS4 ,?AT TREM5D\S *ANGE - ! ABOLITION ( FEUDALISM :I* HAS EX]CIS$ SO IMM5SE AN 9FLU5CE UPON ALL \R C5TURY1 WAS MADE1 LIKE ALL O!R *ANGES1 BY A FEEBLE BUT BOLD M9ORITY4 

,LONG BE=E ! ,P>ISIANS REVOLT$1 TOO1 & TOOK ! /RON<OLD ( ROYALTY & FEUDALISM - ! ,BA/ILLE - ! PEASANTS ALREADY W]E REVOLT+1 & ,*ASS9 - ONE ( ! FEW WRIT]S :O HAS LOOK$ 9 ! >*IVES = DOCUM5TS AB\T ! PEASANTS' 9SURRECTIONS - IS QUITE RI<T 9 SAY+ ?AT EV5 IF ,P>IS HAD BE5 DEFEAT$ ON ,JULY #a#d?1 #a#g#h#i1 FEUDALISM NEV]!LESS W\LD HAVE HAD TO DISAPPE>4 ,TO RE9TRODUCE IT1 EA* VILLAGE 9 ! ,EA/]N P>T ( ,FRANCE MU/ HAVE BE5 R$UC$ TO OB$I5CE BY MILIT>Y =CE4 

,:5 ! NEWS ( ! PEASANTS' \TBREAKS REA*$ ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY1 :AT WAS ITS FIR/ MOVE8 ,! REVOLUTIONI/S ( ! ,?IRD ,CLASS SO EAG] TO LAUN* ! FAM\S ,DECL>ATION ( ! ,RI<TS ( ,MAN1 CAME TO ! ,ASSEMBLY ON ,AUGU/ #d? ) ! PROPOSAL ( NEW SEV]E LAWS TO SUPPRESS ! PEASANTS' RIS+4 ,Y\ MAY SEE IT 9 ! ,MONITEUR4 ,BUT HAPPILY 5\< ! CL]GY & ! NOBILITY1 BETT] 9=M$ AS TO ! VIOL5CE ( ! MOVEM5T 9 SEV]AL PROV9CES1 & KN[+ ?AT IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE LONG] TO MA9TA9 !IR FEUDAL RI<TS & ! MANORIAL JURISDICTION1 CAME =W>D TO ABDICATE !SE RI<TS4 ,I WILL NOT SAY ?AT SOME ( !M W]E NOT N]V$ BY ?AT 5?USIASM :I* SEIZES EV5 ! MO/ 9VET]ATE EXPLOIT]S AT SU* MOM5TS AS ,FRANCE WAS LIV+ ?R\< 9 ?AT YE> ( #a#g#h#i4 ,HAVE WE NOT HE>D ( MIDDLE CLASS EXPLOIT]S :O1 ON ! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 W]E SO MU* IMPRESS$ BY ! GR&EUR ( :AT HAPP5$ DUR+ ?AT MEMORABLE WEEK ?AT !Y SAID TO ,SOCIALI/S3 ,WELL1 IF A NEW DEP>TURE MU/ BE MADE LET IT BE4 ,:AT'S TO BE DONE8 ,!RE W]E 5?USIA/S AMID ! ,FR5* NOBILITY AS WELL1 & ON ?AT NI<T ! 5?USIA/S TOOK ! LEAD4 ,BUT !N CAME ! NEXT DAY1 :5 ! CUNN+ ONES GA9$ ! UPP] H&1 & 9 ! S]IES ( DECREES :I* W]E LAUN*$  BY ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY ON ! FOLL[+ DAYS4 ! :OLE WORK ( ! 5?USIA/S WAS BR\<T TO NAU<T4 ,! DECREES /ILL BEGAN ) ! WORDS3 0 ,! FEUDAL RI<TS >E ABOLI%$40 ,BUT 9 ! NEXT L9ES ( ! DECREES !Y W]E REE/ABLI%$2 !Y W]E P]PETUAT$4 

,! P]SONAL OBLIGATIONS ONLY - ?OSE :I* HAD BE5 FALL+ 9TO OBLIVION1 ?OSE :I* ! ROYAL GOV]NM5T BE=E ! REVOLUTION WAS NO LONG] CAPABLE ( 5=C+ - W]E ABOLI%$4 ,! PEASANTS W]E NOT ANY LONG] TO BEAT ! WAT] ( ! PONDS TO PREV5T ! FRO FROM DI/URB+ ! SLEEP ( ! LORD ( ! MANOR - BECAUSE 9 REALITY !Y W]E DO+ IT NO LONG]4 ,BUT ALL OBLIGATIONS REPRES5T+ ANY PECUNI>Y VALUE & ! TI!S1 W]E FULLY RECOGNIZ$ & CONFIRM$ BY LAW4 ,! LAW SIMPLY LEFT TO ! PEASANTS ! RI<T ( R$EEM+ !M - IF ! L&LORD W\LD AGREE TO ! R$EMPTION & ! AM\NT ( MONEY TO BE PAID C\LD BE AGRE$ UPON BY MUTUAL CONS5T4 

,ONLY ONE ( ?OSE DECREES WAS FULLY BR\<T 9TO ACTION-?AT :I* P]MITT$ ! MUNICIPALITIES & ! B\RGEOIS MILITIA TO SUPPRESS ! PEASANT \TBREAKS4 ,?AT WAS DONE & ! MORE WILL+LY AS ! REVOLT$ PEASANTS MADE NO DI/9CTION BETWE5 NOBLE L&-[N]S & MIDDLE-CLASS [N]S1 BETWE5 0PATRIOT0 EXPLOIT]S & NON-PATRIOT FEUDAL LORDS1 BETWE5 H]$IT>Y SEIGNEURS & ?OSE MONEY-L5D]S & MIDDLE CLASS SPECULATORS 9TO :OSE H&S ! L& & ! FEUDAL RI<TS HAD BE5 TRANSMITT$4 ,! PEASANTS PLUND]$ ! 0PATRIOTS' CA/LES0 AS WELL4 ,& ! MIDDLE CLASSES W]E SUPPRESS+ !IR \TBREAKS BY ! 5D ( #a<i ) EV5 GREAT] ATROCITIES ?AN ! NOBLES EV] DID4 ,9 ! ,MACONNAIS1 ,B\RBONNAIS & SO ON !Y HANG$ !M PITILESSLY4 ,& :5 ! PEASANTS1 LE>N+ FROM :AT HAD HAPP5$ AT ,V]SAILLES UND]/OOD ?AT ! FEUDAL RI<TS REALLY W]E ABOLI%$1 & PLUND]$ ! PIGEON-H\SES ( ! LORDS1 ?IRTE5 0POA*]S0 W]E HANG$ 9 ,AUGU/1 JU/ AB\T ! TIME ! 0,DECL>ATION ( ! ,RI<TS ( ,MAN0 WAS PROMULGAT$4 ,!RE=E1 EV5 ! REACTIONI/ ,M9E4 ,/AEL C\LD WRITE3 0,! PEASANTS >E MO/ DISSATISFI$ ) ! FEUDAL DECREES4 ,IF !Y >E NOT AM5D$1 ! ,JACQU]IE WILL RECOMM5CE40 ,& IT RECOMM5C$4 ,IT RECOMM5C$ SIX TIMES - EA* TIME ?AT ! PEASANTS SAW ?AT !Y C\LD NOT OBTA9 FROM !IR LEGISLATORS ! ABOLITION ( FEUDALISM4 

,! ,JACQU]IE BEGAN AGA9 & AGA91 TILL 9 #agib ! ABOLITION ( FEUDAL RI<TS )\T R$EMPTION WAS VOT$ BY A C\P DE MA91 LESS !M #b MEMB]S ( ! ,ASSEMBLY BE+ PRES5T AT ! VOTE4 ,IT CONT9U$ TILL AFT] ! ABOVE-M5TION$ 0CLEAN+0 ( ! ,CONV5TION BY ! GUILLOT9E1  ! REMA9+ MEMB]S1 T]RORIZ$ BY ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS1 AGRE$ TO RETURN TO ! PEASANTS ! L&S 5CLOS$ BY ! L&LORDS4 

,TO OBTA9 FROM ! 0REVOLUTION>Y ,CONV5TION 0 A SIMPLE RECOGNITION ( ! ACCOMPLI%$ FACTS1 ! PEOPLE HAD TO S5D #cd ( ITS MEMB]S TO ! SCAFFOLD4 ,?AT IS :AT IT MEANS TO TRU/ TO ! SO-CALL$ REPRES5TATIVES   ( ! NATION 9 REVOLUTION>Y P]IODS4 

,MU* MORE \<T TO BE SAID ) REG>D TO ?AT SUBJECT2 BUT ! N>R[ LIMITS ( \R PAP] PREV5T US FROM GO+ MORE 9TO IT4 ,SO LOT US SIMPLY ADVISE \R READ]S TO RE-READ ! HI/ORY ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW4 ,IT W\LD BE !IR TRIBUTE TO ! ,C5T5>Y2 &1 ,:IL/ DO+ SO1 !Y W\LD LE>N MU* MORE AB\T :AT A REVOLUTION MEANS ?AN FROM ALL !Y CAN F9D 9 ! :OLE ( ,SOCIALI/ LIT]ATURE4 

,FRE$OM3 ,A ,J\RNAL ( ,AN>*I/ ,SOCIALISM 

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,O,C,T,O,B,]1 #ahhi 

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