,! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS 

#ahh 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TAGS 3 PEOPLE ( P>IS1 COMMUNE ( P>IS1 9T]NATIONAL WORK+M5'S ASSOCIATION1 PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE1 COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 ABOLI%+ PRIVATE PROP]TY1 SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 PRIVATE PROP]TY1 C5TRAL GOV]NM5T1 MIDDLE CLASS4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,JEANNE ,M5J\LET1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,I4 ,! ,P,L,A,C,E ,( ,! ,C,O,M,M,U,N,E ,9 ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,/ ,E,V,O,L,U,T,I,O,N  

,ON ,M>* #a#h1 #a#h#g#a1 ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS ROSE AGA9/ A DESPIS$ & DETE/$ GOV]NM5T1 & PROCLAIM$ ! CITY 9DEP5D5T FREE1 BELONG+ TO ITSELF4 

,?IS OV]?R[ ( ! C5TRAL P[] TOOK PLACE )\T ! USUAL /AGE EFFECTS ( REVOLUTION1 )\T ! FIR+ ( GUNS1 )\T ! %$D+ ( BLOOD UPON B>RICADES4 ,:5 ! >M$ PEOPLE CAME \T 9TO ! /REETS1 ! RUL]S FL$ AWAY1 ! TROOPS EVACUAT$ ! T[N1 ! CIVIL FUNCTION>IES HURRI$LY RETREAT$ TO ,V]SAILLES C>RY+ EV]Y?+ !Y C\LD ) !M4 ,! GOV]NM5T EVAPORAT$ LIKE A POND ( /AGNANT WAT] 9 A SPR+ BREEZE1 & ON ! N9ETE5? ! GREAT CITY ( ,P>IS F\ND H]SELF FREE FROM ! IMPURITY :I* HAD DEFIL$ H]1 ) ! LOSS ( SC>CELY A DROP ( H] *ILDR5'S BLOOD4  

,YET ! *ANGE ?US ACCOMPLI%$ BEGAN A NEW ]A 9 ?AT LONG S]IES ( REVOLUTIONS :]EBY ! PEOPLES >E M>*+ FROM SLAV]Y TO FRE$OM4 ,UND] ! NAME 0,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS0 A NEW IDEA WAS BORN1 TO BECOME ! />T+ PO9T = FUTURE REVOLUTIONS4 

,AS IS ALWAYS ! CASE1 ?IS FRUITFUL IDEA WAS NOT ! PRODUCT ( SOME ONE 9DIVIDUAL'S BRA91 ( ! CONCEPTIONS ( SOME PHILOSOPH]2 IT WAS BORN ( ! COLLECTIVE SPIRIT1 IT SPRANG FROM ! HE>T ( A :OLE COMMUNITY4 ,BUT AT FIR/ IT WAS VAGUE1 & MANY ( ?OSE :O ACT$ UPON & GAVE !IR LIVES = IT DID NOT LOOK AT IT 9 ! LI<T 9 :I* WE SEE IT TODAY2 !Y DID NOT REALIZE ! FULL EXT5T ( ! REVOLUTION !Y 9AUGURAT$ OR ! F]TILITY ( ! NEW PR9CIPLE !Y TRI$ TO PUT 9 PRACTICE4 ,IT WAS ONLY AFT] !Y HAD BEGUN TO APPLY IT ?AT ITS FUTURE BE>+ SL[LY DAWN$ UPON !M2 IT WAS ONLY AFT]W>DS1 :5 ! NEW PR9CIPLE CAME TO BE ?\<T \T1 ?AT IT GREW DEF9ITE & PRECISE & WAS SE5 9 ALL ITS CLE>NESS1 9 ALL ITS BEAUTY1 ITS JU/ICE & ! IMPORTANCE ( ITS RESULTS4 

,DUR+ ! FIVE OR SIX YE>S ?AT CAME BE=E ! ,COMMUNE1 SOCIALISM HAD TAK5 A NEW DEP>TURE 9 ! SPREAD & RAPID GR[? ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,9 ITS LOCAL BRAN*ES & G5]AL CONGRESSES ! WORK]S ( ,EUROPE MET TOGE!R & TOOK C\NSEL ) ONE ANO!R UPON ! SOCIAL QUE/ION AS !Y HAD NEV] DONE BE=E4 ,AMONG ?OSE :O SAW ?AT SOCIAL REVOLUTION WAS 9EVITABLE & W]E ACTIVELY BUSY 9 MAK+ READY = IT1 ONE PROBLEM ABOVE ALL O!RS SEEM$ TO PRESS = SOLUTION4 0,! EXI/+ DEVELOPM5T ( 9DU/RY WILL =CE A GREAT ECONOMIC REVOLUTION UPON \R SOCIETY2 ?IS REVOLUTION WILL ABOLI% PRIVATE PROP]TY1 WILL PUT 9 COMMON ALL ! CAPITAL PIL$ UP BY PREVI\S G5]ATIONS2 BUT1 :AT =M ( POLITICAL GR\P+ WILL BE MO/ SUIT$ TO !SE *ANGES 9 \R ECONOMIC SY/EM80 

0,! GR\P+ MU/ NOT BE M]ELY NATIONAL10 ANSW]$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION1 IT MU/ EXT5D ACROSS ALL >TIFICIAL FRONTI]S & B\ND>Y L9ES40 ,& SOON ?IS GR& IDEA SUNK 9TO ! HE>TS ( ! PEOPLES & TOOK FA/ HOLD ( !IR M9DS4 ,?\< IT HAS BE5 HUNT$ D[N EV] S9CE BY ! UNIT$ EF=TS ( EV]Y SPECIES ( REACTION>Y1 IT IS ALIVE NEV]!LESS1 & :5 ! VOICE ( ! PEOPLES 9 REVOLT %ALL MELT ! OB/ACLES TO ITS DEVELOPM5T1 IT WILL REAPPE> /RONG] ?AN EV] BE=E4 

,BUT IT /ILL REMA9$ TO DISCOV] :AT %\LD BE ! COMPON5T P>TS ( ?IS VA/ ASSOCIATION4 

,TO ?IS QUE/ION TWO ANSW]S W]E GIV51 EA* ! EXPRESSION ( A DI/9CT CURR5T ( ?\<T4 ,ONE SAID ! POPUL> /ATE2 ! O!R SAID AN>*Y4 

,! ,G]MAN SOCIALI/S ADVOCAT$ ?AT ! /ATE %\LD TAKE POSSESSION ( ALL ACCUMULAT$ WEAL? & GIVE IT OV] TO ASSOCIATIONS ( WORK]S &1 FUR!R1 %\LD ORGANIZE PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE1 & G5]ALLY WAT* OV] ! LIFE & ACTIVITIES ( SOCIETY4 

,TO !M ! SOCIALI/S ( ! ,LAT9 RACE1 /RONG 9 REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CE1 REPLI$ ?AT IT W\LD BE A MIRACLE IF SU* A /ATE C\LD EV] EXI/2 BUT IF IT C\LD1 IT W\LD SURELY BE ! WOR/ ( TYRANNIES4 ,?IS IDEAL ( ! ALL P[]FUL & B5EFIC5T /ATE IS M]ELY A COPY FROM ! PA/1 !Y SAID2 & !Y CONFRONT$ IT ) A NEW IDEAL3 AN>*Y1 ?AT IS1 ! TOTAL ABOLITION ( ! /ATE1 & SOCIAL ORGANIZATION FROM ! SIMPLE TO ! COMPLEX BY MEANS ( ! FREE F$]ATION ( POPUL> GR\PS ( PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S4 

,IT WAS SOON ADMITT$1 EV5 BY ! MORE LIB]AL M9D$ /ATE SOCIALI/S1 ?AT AN>*Y C]TA9LY REPRES5T$ A MU* BETT] SORT ( ORGANIZATION ?AN ?AT AIM$ AT BY ! POPUL> /ATE4 ,BUT1 !Y SAID1 ! AN>*I/ IDEAL IS SO F> (F ?AT JU/ N[ WE CANNOT TR\BLE AB\T IT4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT WAS TRUE ?AT ! AN>*I/ !ORY DID NE$ SOME %ORT1 CLE> MODE ( EXPRESSION1 SOME =MULA AT ONCE SIMPLE & PRACTICAL1 TO %[ PLA9LY ITS PO9T ( DEP>TURE & EMBODY ITS CONCEPTIONS1 TO 9DICATE H[ IT WAS SUPPORT$ BY AN ACTUALLY EXI/+ T5D5CY AMONG ! PEOPLE4 ,A F$]ATION ( WORK]S' UNIONS & GR\PS ( CONSUM]S REG>DLESS ( FRONTI]S & QUITE 9DEP5D5T ( EXI/+ /ATES SEEM$ TOO VAGUE2 &1 MOREOV]1 IT WAS EASY TO SEE ?AT IT C\LD NOT FULLY SATISFY ALL ! 9F9ITE V>IETY ( HUMAN REQUIREM5TS4 ,A CLE>] =MULA WAS WANT$1 ONE MORE EASILY GRASP$1 ONE :I* HAD A FIRM F\NDATION 9 ! REALITIES ( ACTUAL LIFE4 

,IF ! QUE/ION HAD M]ELY BE5 H[ BE/ TO ELABORATE A !ORY1 WE %\LD HAVE SAID !ORIES1 AS !ORIES1 >E NOT ( SO V]Y MU* IMPORTANCE4 ,BUT AS LONG AS A NEW IDEA HAS NOT F\ND A CLE>1 PRECISE =M ( /ATEM5T1 GR[+ NATURALLY \T ( ?+S AS !Y ACTUALLY EXI/1 IT DOES NOT TAKE HOLD ( M5'S M9DS1 DOES NOT 9SPIRE !M TO 5T] UPON A DECISIVE /RUGGLE4 ,! PEOPLE DO NOT FL+ !MSELVES 9TO ! UNKN[N )\T SOME POSITIVE & CLE>LY =MULAT$ IDEA TO S]VE !M1 SO TO SAY1 AS A SPR+BO>D :5 !Y REA* ! />T+ PO9T4 

,AS = ?IS />T+ PO9T1 !Y MU/ BE L$ UP TO IT BY LIFE ITSELF4 

,= FIVE :OLE MON?S ,P>IS HAD BE5 ISOLAT$ BY ! ,G]MAN BESIEG]S2 = FIVE :OLE MON?S %E HAD TO DRAW UPON H] [N VITAL RES\RCES & HAD LE>N$ TO KN[ ! IMM5SE ECONOMIC1 9TELLECTUAL1 & MORAL /R5G? :I* %E POSSESS$4 ,%E HAD CAU<T A GLIMPSE ( H] [N =CE ( 9ITIATIVE & REALIZ$ :AT IT MEANT4 ,AT ! SAME TIME %E HAD SE5 ?AT ! PRAT+ CREW :O SEIZ$ P[] HAD NO IDEA H[ TO ORGANIZE EI!R ! DEF5SE ( ,FRANCE OR ITS 9T]NAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,%E HAD SE5 ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T AT CROSS PURPOSES ) EV]Y MANIFE/ATION ( ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ! MI<TY CITY4 ,F9ALLY1 %E HAD COME TO REALIZE ?AT ANY GOV]NM5T MU/ BE P[]LESS TO GU>D AGA9/ GREAT DISA/]S OR TO SMOO? ! PA? ( RAPID EVOLUTION4 ,DUR+ ! SIEGE H] DEF5D]S1 H] WORK]S1 HAD SUFF]$ ! MO/ FRI<TFUL PRIVATIONS1 :ILE H] IDL]S REVEL$ 9 9SOL5T LUXURY1 & ?ANKS TO ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T %E HAD SE5 ! FAILURE ( EV]Y ATTEMPT TO PUT AN 5D TO !SE SC&ALS4 ,EA* TIME ?AT H] PEOPLE HAD %[$ SIGNS ( A DESIRE = A FREE SCOPE1 ! GOV]NM5T HAD ADD$ WEI<T TO !IR *A9S4 ,NATURALLY SU* EXP]I5CES GAVE BIR? TO ! IDEA ?AT ,P>IS MU/ MAKE H]SELF AN 9DEP5D5T COMMUNE1 ABLE TO REALIZE )9 H] WALLS ! WI%ES ( H] CITIZ5S4 

,! ,COMMUNE ( #ahga C\LD BE NO?+ BUT A FIR/ ATTEMPT4 ,BEG9N+ AT ! CLOSE ( A GREAT W>1 HEMM$ 9 BETWE5 TWO >MIES READY TO JO9 H&S & CRU% ! PEOPLE1 IT D>$ NOT UNHESITAT+LY SET =? UPON ! PA? ( ECONOMIC REVOLUTION4 ,IT NEI!R BOLDLY DECL>$ ITSELF SOCIALI/ NOR PROCE$$ TO ! EXPROPRIATION ( CAPITAL NOR ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR4 ,IT DID NOT EV5 TAKE /OCK ( ! G5]AL RES\RCES ( ! CITY4 

,NOR DID IT BREAK ) ! TRADITION ( ! /ATE1 ( REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T4 ,IT DID NOT SEEK TO EFFECT )9 ! ,COMMUNE ?AT V]Y ORGANIZATION FROM ! SIMPLE TO ! COMPLEX :I* IT 9AUGURAT$ )\T1 BY PROCLAIM+ ! 9DEP5D5CE & FREE F$]ATION ( COMMUNES4 

,YET IT IS C]TA9 ?AT IF ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS C\LD HAVE LIV$ A FEW MON?S LONG]1 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 9EVITABLY DRIV5 BY ! =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES T[>D BO? !SE REVOLUTIONS4 ,LET US NOT =GET ?AT ! ,FR5* MIDDLE CLASS SP5T ALTOGE!R F\R YE>S 7FROM #a<i TO #a#g#i#c7 9 REVOLUTION>Y ACTION BE=E !Y *ANG$ A LIMIT$ MON>*Y 9TO A REPUBLIC4 ,\<T WE !N TO BE A/ONI%$ ?AT ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS DID NOT CROSS ) ONE B\ND ! SPACE BETWE5 AN AN>*I/ COMMUNE & ! GOV]NM5T ( ! SPOIL]S8 ,BUT LET US ALSO BE> 9 M9D ?AT ! NEXT REVOLUTION1 :I* 9 ,FRANCE & ,SPA9 AT LEA/ WILL BE COMMUNAL1 WILL TAKE UP ! WORK ( ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS :]E IS WAS 9T]RUPT$ BY ! MASSACRES ( ! ,V]SAILLES SOLDI]Y4 

,! ,COMMUNE WAS DEFEAT$1 & TOO WELL WE KN[ H[ ! MIDDLE CLASS AV5G$ ITSELF = ! SC>E GIV5 IT BY ! PEOPLE :5 !Y %OOK !IR RUL]S' YOKE LOOSE UPON !IR NECKS4 ,IT PROV$ ?AT !RE REALLY >E TWO CLASSES 9 \R MOD]N SOCIETY2 ON ONE SIDE1 ! MAN :O WORKS & YIELDS UP TO ! MONOPOLI/S ( PROP]TY MORE ?AN HALF ( :AT HE PRODUCES & YET LI<TLY PASSES OV] ! WRONG DONE HIM BY HIS MA/]S2 ON ! O!R1 ! IDL]1 ! SPOIL]1 HAT+ HIS SLAVE1 READY TO KILL HIM LIKE GAME1 ANIMAT$ BY ! MO/ SAVAGE 9/9CTS AS SOON AS HE IS M5AC$ 9 HIS POSSESSION4 

 ,AFT] HAV+ %UT 9 ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS & CLOS$ ALL MEANS ( EXIT1 ! ,V]SAILLES GOV]NM5T LET LOOSE SOLDI]S UPON !M2 SOLDI]S BRUTALIZ$ BY DR9K & B>RACK LIFE1 :O HAD BE5 PUBLICLY TOLD TO MAKE %ORT WORK ( 0! WOLVES & !IR CUBS40 ,TO ! PEOPLE IT WAS SAID3 

 ,Y\ %ALL P]I%1 :ATEV] Y\ DO6 ,IF Y\ >E TAK5 ) >MS 9 Y\R H&S1 DEA?6 ,IF Y\ USE !M1 DEA?6 ,IF Y\ BEG = M]CY1 DEA?6 ,:I*EV] WAY Y\ TURN1 RI<T LEFT1 BACK1 =W>D1 UP1 D[N2 DEA?6 ,Y\ >E NOT M]ELY \TSIDE ! LAW1 Y\ >E \TSIDE HUMANITY4 ,NEI!R AGE NOR SEX %ALL SAVE Y\ & Y\RS4 ,Y\ %ALL DIE1 BUT FIR/ Y\ %ALL TA/E ! AGONY ( Y\R WIFE1 Y\R SI/]1 Y\R MO!R1 Y\R SONS & DAU<T]S1 EV5 ?OSE 9 ! CRADLE6 ,BE=E Y\R EYES ! W\ND$ MAN %ALL BE TAK5 \T ( ! AMBULANCE & HACK$ ) BAYONETS OR KNOCK$ D[N ) ! BUTT 5D ( A RIFLE4 ,HE %ALL BE DRAGG$ LIV+ BY HIS BROK5 LEG OR BLE$+ >M & FLUNG LIKE A SUFF]+1 GROAN+ BUNDLE ( REFUSE 9TO ! GUTT]4 ,DEA?6 ,DEA?6 ,DEA?67#a7  

 ,& AFT] ?IS MAD ORGY1 !SE PILES ( CORPSES1 ?IS :OLESALE EXT]M9ATION1 CAME ! PETTY REV5GE1 ! CAT O' N9E TAILS1 ! IRONS 9 ! %IP'S HOLD1 ! BL[S & 9SULTS ( ! JAIL]S1 ! SEMI/>VATION1 ALL ! REF9EM5TS ( CRUELTY4 ,CAN ! PEOPLE =GET !SE BASE DE$S8 

,OV]?R[N1 BUT NOT CONQU]$1 ! ,COMMUNE 9 \R DAYS IS BORN AGA94 ,IT IS NO LONG] A DREAM ( ! VANQUI%$1 C>ESS+ 9 IMAG9ATION ! LOVELY MIRAGE ( HOPE4 ,NO6 ! 0COMMUNE0 ( TODAY IS BECOM+ ! VISIBLE & DEF9ITE AIM ( ! REVOLUTION RUMBL+ B5EA? \R FEET4 ,! IDEA IS S9K+ DEEP 9TO ! MASSES1 IT IS GIV+ !M A RALLY+ CRY4 ,WE C\NT ON ! PRES5T G5]ATION TO BR+ AB\T ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION )9 ! COMMUNE1 TO PUT AN 5D TO ! IGNOBLE SY/EM ( MIDDLECLASS EXPLOITATION1 TO RID ! PEOPLE ( ! TUTELAGE ( ! /ATE1 TO 9AUGURATE A NEW ]A ( LIB]TY1 EQUALITY1 SOLID>ITY 9 ! EVOLUTION ( ! HUMAN RACE4 

,I,I4 ,H,[ ,! ,C,O,M,M,U,N,E ,F,A,I,L,$ ,T,O ,R,E,A,L,I,Z,E ,I,T,S ,T,R,U,E ,A,I,M ,& ,Y,E,T ,S,E,T ,?,A,T ,A,I,M ,B,E,=,E ,! ,W,O,R,L,D  

,T5 ,YE>S ALREADY SEP>ATE US FROM ! DAY :5 ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS OV]?REW ! TRAITOR GOV]NM5T :I* RAIS$ ITSELF TO P[] AT ! D[NFALL ( ! EMPIRE2 H[ IS IT ?AT ! OPPRESS$ MASSES ( ! CIVILIZ$ WORLD >E /ILL IRRESI/IBLY DRAWN T[>D ! MOVEM5T ( #a#h#g#a8 ,:Y IS ! IDEA REPRES5T$ BY ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS SO ATTRACTIVE TO ! WORK]S ( EV]Y L&1 ( EV]Y NATIONALITY8  

,! ANSW] IS EASY4 ,! REVOLUTION ( #ahga WAS ABOVE ALL A POPUL> ONE4 ,IT WAS MADE BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 IT SPRANG SPONTANE\SLY FROM ! MID/ ( ! MASS1 & IT WAS AMONG ! GREAT MASSES ( ! PEOPLE ?AT IT F\ND ITS DEF5D]S1 ITS H]OES1 ITS M>TYRS4 ,IT IS JU/ BECAUSE IT WAS SO ?OR\<LY 0L[0 ?AT ! MIDDLE CLASS CAN NEV] =GIVE IT4 ,& AT ! SAME TIME ITS MOV+ SPIRIT WAS ! IDEA ( A SOCIAL REVOLUTION2 VAGUE C]TA9LY1 P]HAPS UNCONSCI\S1 BUT /ILL ! EF=T TO OBTA9 AT LA/1 AFT] ! /RUGGLE ( MANY C5TURIES1 TRUE FRE$OM1 TRUE EQUALITY = ALL M54 ,IT WAS ! REVOLUTION ( ! L[E/ ( ! PEOPLE M>*+ =W>D TO CONQU] !IR RI<TS4  

,ATTEMPTS HAVE BE5 & >E MADE TO *ANGE ! S5SE ( ?IS REVOLUTION1 TO REPRES5T IT AS A M]E EF=T TO REGA9 ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,P>IS & ?US TO CON/ITUTE A T9Y /ATE )9 ,FRANCE4 ,BUT NO?+ CAN BE MORE UNTRUE4 ,P>IS DID NOT SEEK TO ISOLATE H]SELF FROM ,FRANCE1 ANY MORE ?AN TO CONQU] IT BY =CE ( >MS2 %E DID NOT C>E TO %UT H]SELF )9 H] WALLS LIKE A NUN 9 A CONV5T2 %E WAS NOT 9SPIR$ BY ! N>R[ SPIRIT ( ! CLOI/]4 ,IF %E CLAIM$ H] 9DEP5D5CE1 IF %E TRI$ TO H9D] ! 9T]F]5CE ( ! C5TRAL P[] 9 H] AFFAIRS1 IT WAS BECAUSE %E SAW 9 ?AT 9DEP5D5CE A MEANS ( QUIETLY ELABORAT+ ! BASES ( FUTURE ORGANIZATION & BR++ AB\T )9 H]SELF A SOCIAL REVOLUTION2 A REVOLUTION :I* W\LD HAVE COMPLETELY TRANS=M$ ! :OLE SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE BY BAS+ !M ON JU/ICE2 :I* W\LD HAVE COMPLETELY MODIFI$ HUMAN RELATIONS BY1 PUTT+ !M ON A FOOT+ ( EQUALITY2 :I* W\LD HAVE =M$ \R SOCIAL MORALITY ANEW BY F\ND+ IT UPON EQUALITY & SOLID>ITY4 ,COMMUNAL 9DEP5D5CE WAS !N BUT A MEANS = ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS2 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WAS !IR 5D4  

,& ?IS 5D MI<T HAVE BE5 ATTA9$ IF ! REVOLUTION ( ,M>* #ah HAD BE5 ABLE TO TAKE ITS NATURAL C\RSE1 IF ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS HAD NOT BE5 CUT TO PIECES BY ! ASSASS9S FROM ,V]SAILLES4 ,TO F9D A CLE>1 PRECISE IDEA1 COMPREH5SIBLE TO ALL ! WORLD & SUMM+ UP 9 A FEW WORDS :AT WAS NE$$ TO ACCOMPLI% ! REVOLUTION1 ?IS WAS REALLY ! PREOCCUPATION ( ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS FROM ! E>LIE/ DAYS ( !IR 9DEP5D5CE4 ,BUT A GREAT IDEA DOES NOT G]M9ATE 9 A DAY1 H[EV] RAPID ! ELABORATION & PROPAGATION ( IDEAS DUR+ P]IODS ( REVOLUTION4 ,IT ALWAYS NE$S A C]TA9 TIME TO DEVELOP1 TO SPREAD ?R\<\T ! MASSES1 TO TRANSLATE ITSELF 9TO ACTION1 & ?IS TIME ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS FAIL$4 ,IT FAIL$ MO/LY BECAUSE AS WE HAVE BE=E OBS]V$1 SOCIALISM T5 YE>S AGO WAS PASS+ ?R\< A P]IOD ( TRANSITION4 ,! AU?ORITATIVE & SEMI-RELIGI\S COMMUNISM ( #ahdh HAD NO LONG] ANY HOLD OV] ! PRACTICAL1 FREE?9K+ M9DS ( \R EPO*4 ,! COLLECTIVISM :I* ATTEMPT$ TO YOKE TOGE!R ! WAGE SY/EM & COLLECTIVE PROP]TY WAS 9COMPREH5SIBLE1 UNATTRACTIVE1 & BRI/L+ ) DIFFICULTIES 9 PRACTICAL APPLICATION4 ,FREE COMMUNISM1 AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 WAS ONLY BEG9N+ TO DAWN UPON ! M9DS ( ! WORK]S & SC>CELY V5TUR$ TO PROVOKE ! ATTACKS ( ! WOR%IP]S ( GOV]NM5T4 ,M9DS W]E UNDECID$4 ,SOCIALI/S !MSELVES1 HAV+ NO DEF9ITE 5D 9 VIEW1 DID NOT D>E TO LAY H&S UPON PRIVATE PROP]TY2 !Y DELUD$ !MSELVES ) ! >GUM5T :I* HAS LULL$ ! ACTIVITIES ( MANY AN AGE3 0,LET US FIR/ MAKE SURE ( VICTORY1 & !N SEE :AT CAN BE DONE40  

,MAKE SURE ( VICTORY6 ,AS IF !RE W]E ANY WAY ( =M+ A FREE COMMUNE )\T LAY+ H&S UPON PROP]TY6 ,AS IF !RE W]E ANY WAY ( CONQU]+ ! FOE :ILE ! GREAT MASS ( ! PEOPLE IS NOT DIRECTLY 9T]E/$ 9 ! TRIUMPH ( ! REVOLUTION1 BY SEE+ ?AT IT WILL BR+ MAT]IAL1 MORAL & 9TELLECTUAL WELL-BE+ TO EV]YBODY4  

,! SAME ?+ HAPP5$ ) REG>D TO ! PR9CIPLE ( GOV]NM5T4 ,BY PROCLAIM+ ! FREE ,COMMUNE1 ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS PROCLAIM$ AN ESS5TIAL AN>*I/ PR9CIPLE1 :I* WAS ! BREAKD[N ( ! /ATE4  

,& YET1 IF WE ADMIT ?AT A C5TRAL GOV]NM5T TO REGULATE ! RELATIONS ( COMMUNES BETWE5 !MSELVES IS QUITE NE$LESS1 :Y %\LD WE ADMIT ITS NECESSITY TO REGULATE ! MUTUAL RELATIONS ( ! GR\PS :I* MAKE UP EA* COMMUNE8 ,& IF WE LEAVE ! BUS9ESS ( COM+ TO A COMMON UND]/&+ ) REG>D TO 5T]PRISES :I* CONC]N SEV]AL CITIES AT ONCE TO ! FREE 9ITIATIVE ( ! COMMUNES CONC]N$1 :Y REFUSE ?IS SAME FREE 9ITIATIVE TO ! GR\PS COMPOS+ A S+LE COMMUNE8 ,!RE IS NO MORE REASON = A GOV]NM5T 9SIDE ! COMMUNE ?AN = A GOV]NM5T \TSIDE4  

,BUT 9 #a#h#g#a1 ! PEOPLE ( ,P>IS1 :O HAVE OV]?R[N SO MANY GOV]NM5TS1 W]E ONLY MAK+ !IR FIR/ ATTEMPT TO REVOLT AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5TAL SY/EM ITSELF2 CONSEQU5TLY !Y LET !MSELVES BE C>RI$ AWAY BY ! FETI% WOR%IP ( GOV]NM5TS & SET UP ONE ( !IR [N4 ,! RESULT IS A MATT] ( HI/ORY4 ,P>IS S5T H] DEVOT$ SONS TO ! T[N HALL4 ,!RE1 %ELV$ 9 ! MID/ ( FILES ( OLD PAP]S1 OBLIG$ TO RULE :5 !IR 9/9CTS PROMPT$ !M TO BE & TO ACT AMONG ! PEOPLE1 OBLIG$ TO DISCUSS :5 IT WAS NE$FUL TO ACT1 TO COMPROMISE :5 NO COMPROMISE WAS ! BE/ POLICY1 &1 F9ALLY1 LOS+ ! 9SPIRATION :I* ONLY COMES FROM CONT9UAL CONTACT ) ! MASSES1 !Y SAW !MSELVES R$UC$ TO IMPOT5CE4 ,BE+ P>ALYZ$ BY !IR SEP>ATION FROM ! PEOPLE -- ! REVOLUTION>Y C5T] ( LI<T & HEAT -- !Y !MSELVES P>ALYZ$ ! POPUL> 9ITIATIVE4 ,! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS1 ! *ILD ( A P]IOD ( TRANSITION1 BORN B5EA? ! ,PRUSSIAN GUNS1 WAS DOOM$ TO P]I%4 ,BUT BY ITS EM95TLY POPUL> *>ACT] IT BEGAN A NEW S]IES ( REVOLUTIONS1 BY ITS IDEAS IT WAS ! =]UNN] ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,ITS LESSON HAS BE5 LE>N$1 & :5 ,FRANCE ONCE MORE BRI/LES ) COMMUNES 9 REVOLT1 ! PEOPLE >E NOT LIKELY TO GIVE !MSELVES A GOV]NM5T & EXPECT ?AT GOV]NM5T TO 9ITIATE REVOLUTION>Y MEASURES4 ,:5 !Y HAVE RID !MSELVES ( ! P>ASITES :O DEV\R !M1 !Y WILL TAKE POSSESSION ( ALL SOCIAL WEAL? TO %>E ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 ,& :5 !Y HAVE 5TIRELY ABOLI%$ PROP]TY GOV]NM5T1 & ! /ATE1 !Y WILL =M !MSELVES FREELY ACCORD+ TO ! NECESSITIES 9DICAT$ BY LIFE ITSELF4 ,BREAK+ IT *A9S1 OV]?R[+ ITS IDOLS1 HUMANITY WILL M>* ONW>D TO A BETT] FUTURE1 KN[+ NEI!R MA/]S NOR SLAVES1 KEEP+ ITS V5]ATION = ! NOBLE M>TYRS :O B\<T ) !IR BLOOD & SUFF]+ ?OSE FIR/ ATTEMPTS AT EMANCIPATION :I* HAVE 5LI<T5$ \R M>* T[>D ! CONQUE/ ( LIB]TY4 

,I,I,I4 ,! ,T,E,A,*,+,S ,( ,! ,C,O,M,M,U,N,E ,9 ,M,O,D,],N ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,S,M 

,! PUBLIC MEET+S ORGANIZ$ ON ,M>* #ah 9 ALMO/ EV]Y T[N :]E !RE IS A SOCIALI/ GR\P >E WELL WOR?Y ( C>EFUL ATT5TION1 NOT M]ELY BECAUSE !Y >E A DEMON/RATION ( ! >MY ( LABOR1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE !Y AF=D AN OPPORTUNITY = GAUG+ ! S5TIM5TS ( ! SOCIALI/S ( BO? WORLDS4 ,!Y >E A BETT] OPPORTUNITY = 0TAK+ A POLL0 ?AN C\LD BE GIV5 BY ANY SY/EM ( VOT+1 AN OCCASION :5 ASPIRATIONS MAY BE =MULAT$ UN9FLU5C$ BY ELECTORAL P>TY TACTICS4 ,! WORK]S DO NOT MEET SIMPLY TO PRAISE ! H]OISM ( ! ,P>ISIAN PROLET>IAT OR TO CALL = V5GEANCE = ! ,MAY MASSACRES4 ,:ILE REFRE%+ !MSELVES ) ! MEMORY ( ! BRAVE /RUGGLE 9 ,P>IS1 !Y HAVE GONE FUR!R & DISCUSS$ :AT LESSONS = ! COM+ REVOLUTION MU/ BE DRAWN FROM ! ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a4 ,!Y ASK :AT ! MI/AKES ( ! COMMUNE W]E NOT = ! SAKE ( CRITICIZ+ ! M5 :O MADE !M BUT TO BR+ \T CLE>LY H[ ! PREJUDICES AB\T PROP]TY & AU?ORITY1 :I* !N REIGN$ AMONG WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 H9D]$ ! BUR/+ =? ( ! REVOLUTION>Y IDEA & ITS SUBSEQU5T DEVELOPM5TS 9TO A BEACON TO LI<T ! WORLD4  

,! LESSON ( #ahga HAS B5EFIT$ ! WORK]S ( EV]Y L&1 5ABL+ !M TO BREAK ) !IR OLD PREJUDICES & COME TO A CLE>] & SIMPL] UND]/&+ AS TO :AT !IR REVOLUTION IS TO BE4  

,! NEXT RIS+ ( COMMUNES WILL NOT BE M]ELY A 0COMMUNAL0 MOVEM5T4 ,?OSE :O /ILL ?9K ?AT 9DEP5D5T1 LOCAL SELF-GOV]N+ BODIES MU/ BE FIR/ E/ABLI%$ & ?AT !SE MU/ TRY TO MAKE ECONOMIC RE=MS )9 !IR [N LOCALITIES >E BE+ C>RI$ ALONG BY ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! POPUL> SPIRIT1 AT LEA/ 9 ,FRANCE4 ,! COMMUNES ( ! NEXT REVOLUTION WILL PROCLAIM & E/ABLI% !IR 9DEP5D5CE BY DIRECT SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION>Y ACTION1 ABOLI%+ PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,:5 ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION RIP5S1 :I* MAY HAPP5 ANY DAY1 & GOV]NM5TS >E SWEPT AWAY BY ! PEOPLE1 :5 ! MIDDLE-CLASS CAMP1 :I* ONLY EXI/S BY /ATE PROTECTION1 IS ?US ?R[N 9TO DISORD]1 ! 9SURG5T PEOPLE WILL NOT WAIT UNTIL SOME NEW GOV]NM5T DECREES1 9 ITS M>VEL\S WISDOM1 A FEW ECONOMIC RE=MS4  

,!Y WILL NOT WAIT TO EXPROPRIATE ! HOLD]S ( SOCIAL CAPITAL BY A DECREE :I* NECESS>ILY W\LD REMA9 A DEAD LETT] IF NOT ACCOMPLI%$ 9 FACT BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,!Y WILL TAKE POSSESSION ON ! SPOT & E/ABLI% !IR RI<TS BY UTILIZ+ IT )\T DELAY4 ,!Y WILL ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9 ! WORK%OPS TO CONT9UE ! WORK1 BUT :AT !Y WILL PRODUCE WILL BE :AT IS WANT$ BY ! MASSES1 NOT :AT GIVES ! HI<E/ PR(IT TO EMPLOY]S4 ,!Y WILL EX*ANGE !IR HOVELS = HEAL?Y DWELL+S 9 ! H\SES ( ! RI*2 !Y WILL ORGANIZE !MSELVES TO TURN TO IMM$IATE USE ! WEAL? /OR$ UP 9 ! T[NS2 !Y WILL TAKE POSSESSION ( IT AS IF IT HAD NEV] BE5 /OL5 FROM !M BY ! MIDDLE CLASS4  

,& :5 ! 9DU/RIAL B>ON :O HAS BE5 LEVY+ BLACKMAIL UPON ! WORK] IS ONCE EVICT$1 PRODUCTION WILL CONT9UE1 ?R[+ (F ! TRAMMELS :I* IMP$E IT1 PUTT+ AN 5D TO ! SPECULATIONS :I* KILL & ! CONFUSION :I* DISORGANIZES IT1 TRANS=M+ ITSELF ACCORD+ TO ! NECESSITIES ( ! MOVEM5T UND] ! IMPULSION GIV5 TO IT BY FREE LABOR4 0,M5 NEV] WORK$ 9 ,FRANCE AS !Y DID 9 #a#g#i#c1 AFT] ! SOIL WAS SNAT*$ FROM ! H&S ( ! NOBLES1 0 SAYS ! HI/ORIAN ,MI*ELET4 ,NEV] HAVE M5 WORK$ AS !Y WILL ON ! DAY :5 LABOR BECOMES FREE & EV]Y?+ ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! WORK] WILL BE A S\RCE ( WELL-BE+ TO ! :OLE COMMUNE4 ,AN ATTEMPT HAS BE5 MADE ( LATE TO E/ABLI% A DI/9CTION BETWE5 V>I\S SORTS ( SOCIAL WEAL?1 & ! SOCIALI/ P>TY IS DIVID$ UPON ! QUE/ION4 ,! PRES5T COLLECTIVI/ S*OOL1 SUB/ITUT+ A SORT ( DOGMATIC !ORY ( COLLECTIVISM = ! COLLECTIVISM ( ! OLD ,9T]NATIONAL 7:I* WAS M]ELY ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM71 HAS S\<T TO E/ABLI% A DI/9CTION BETWE5 CAPITAL US$ = PRODUCTION & WEAL? SUPPLY+ ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE4 ,MA*9]Y1 FACTORIES1 RAW MAT]IAL1 MEANS ( COMMUNICATION1 & ! SOIL >E ON ! ONE SIDE1 & DWELL+S1 MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCE1 CLO?+1 COMMODITIES1 ON ! O!R4 ,! FIR/ >E TO BE COLLECTIVE PROP]TY1 ! SECOND >E DESIGN$1 BY ! PR(ESSORS ( ?IS S*OOL ( SOCIALISM1 TO REMA9 PRIVATE PROP]TY4  

,!RE HAS BE5 AN ATTEMPT TO SET UP ?IS DI/9CTION1 BUT POPUL> GOOD S5SE HAS GOT ! BETT] ( IT2 IT HAS F\ND IT ILLUSORY & IMPOSSIBLE TO E/ABLI%4 ,IT IS VICI\S 9 !ORY & FAILS 9 PRACTICAL LIFE4 ,! WORK]S UND]/& ?AT ! H\SE :I* %ELT]S US1 ! COAL & GAS WE BURN1 ! FUEL CONSUM$ BY ! HUMAN MA*9E TO SU/A9 LIFE1 ! CLO?+ NECESS>Y = EXI/5CE1 ! BOOK WE READ = 9/RUCTION1 EV5 ! 5JOYM5TS WE GET1 >E ALL SO MANY COMPON5T P>TS ( \R EXI/5CE1 >E ALL AS NECESS>Y TO SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTION & ! PROGRESSIVE DEVELOPM5T ( HUMANITY AS MA*9ES1 MANUFACTORIES1 RAW MAT]IALS1 & O!R MEANS ( WORK+4 ,! WORK]S >E >RIV+ AT ! CONCLUSION ?AT TO MA9TA9 PRIVATE PROP]TY = ?IS SORT ( WEAL? W\LD BE TO MA9TA9 9EQUALITY1 OPPRESSION1 EXPLOITATION1 TO P>ALYZE BE=EH& ! RESULTS ( ! P>TIAL EXPROPRIATION4 ,LEAP+ OV] ! F5CE SET UP 9 !IR PA? BY !ORETICAL COLLECTIVISM1 !Y >E M>*+ /RAI<T = ! SIMPLE/ & MO/ PRACTICAL =M ( ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM4  

,N[ 9 !IR MEET+S ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S >E DI/9CTLY /AT+ !IR RI<T TO ALL SOCIAL WEAL? & ! NECESSITY ( ABOLI%+ PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 >TICLES ( CONSUMPTION AS WELL AS 9 ?OSE ( REPRODUCTION3 0,ON ! DAY ( ! REVOLUTION1 WE %ALL SEIZE UPON ALL WEAL? /OR$ UP 9 ! T[NS & PUT IT 9 COMMON10 SAY ! SPEAK]S1 & ! AUDI5CES CONFIRM ! /ATEM5TS ) !IR UNANIM\S APPROVAL4 0,LET EA* TAKE FROM ! PILE :AT HE NE$S & BE SURE ?AT 9 ! W>EH\SES ( \R T[NS !RE WILL BE 5\< FOOD TO FE$ EV]YONE UNTIL FREE PRODUCTION HAS MADE A FAIR />T2 9 ! %OPS ( \R T[NS !RE >E 5\< CLO!S TO DRESS EV]YONE1 KEPT !RE 9 RES]VE :ILE \TSIDE !RE IS NAK$NESS & POV]TY4 ,!RE >E EV5 5\< LUXURIES = EA* TO *OOSE AMONG !M ACCORD+ TO HIS LIK+40  

,JUDG+ BY :AT IS SAID AT COMMUNE COMMEMORATION MEET+S 9 ,FRANCE & ELSE:]E1 ! WORK]S HAVE MADE UP !IR M9DS ?AT ! COM+ REVOLUTION WILL 9TRODUCE AN>*I/ COMMUNISM & ! FREE REORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION4 ,!SE TWO PO9TS SEEM SETTL$ & 9 !SE RESPECTS ! COMMUNES ( ! NEXT REVOLUTION WILL NOT REPEAT ! ]RORS ( !IR =]UNN]S1 :O SO G5]\SLY %$ !IR BLOOD TO CLE> ! PA? = FUTURE PROGRESS4  

,!RE IS1 H[EV]1 A ?IRD & NO LESS IMPORTANT PO9T UPON :I* AGREEM5T IS NOT YET REA*$1 ?\< IT IS NOT SO V]Y F> (F4 ,?IS IS ! QUE/ION ( GOV]NM5T4  

,AS IS WELL KN[N1 !RE >E TWO SECTIONS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY1 COMPLETELY DIVID$ BY ?IS PO9T4 0,ON ! V]Y DAY ( ! REVOLUTION10 SAYS ! ONE1 0WE MU/ CON/ITUTE A GOV]NM5T TO TAKE POSSESSION ( ! SUPREME P[]4 ,A /RONG1 P[]FUL1 RESOLUTE GOV]NM5T WILL MAKE ! REVOLUTION BY DECREE+ ?IS & ?AT1 & =C+ ALL TO OBEY ITS COMM&S40  

0,A MIS]ABLE DELUSION60 SAYS ! O!R4 0,ANY C5TRAL GOV]NM5T1 TAK+ UPON ITSELF TO RULE A NATION1 MU/ C]TA9LY BE A M]E H9DRANCE TO ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT CANNOT FAIL TO BE MADE UP ( ! MO/ 9CONGRU\S ELEM5TS1 & ITS V]Y ESS5CE AS A GOV]NM5T IS CONS]VATISM4 ,IT WILL DO NO?+ BUT HOLD BACK ! REVOLUTION 9 COMMUNES READY TO GO AHEAD1 )\T BE+ ABLE TO 9SPIRE BACKW>D COMMUNES ) ! BREA? ( REVOLUTION4 ,! SAME )9 A COMMUNE 9 REVOLT4 ,EI!R ! COMMUNAL GOV]NM5T WILL M]ELY SANCTION ACCOMPLI%$ FACTS & !N IT WILL BE A USELESS & DANG]\S BIT ( MA*9]Y2 OR ELSE IT WILL WI% TO TAKE ! LEAD TO MAKE RULES = :AT HAS YET TO BE FREELY WORK$ \T BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES IF IT IS TO BE REALLY VIABLE4 ,IT WILL APPLY !ORIES :]E ALL SOCIETY \<T TO WORK \T FRE% =MS ( COMMON LIFE ) ?AT CREATIVE =CE :I* SPR+S UP 9 ! SOCIAL ORGANISM :5 IT BREAKS ITS *A9S & SEES NEW & L>G] HORIZONS OP5+ BE=E IT4 ,! M5 9 P[] WILL OB/RUCT ?IS \TBUR/1 )\T DO+ ANY ( ! ?+S !Y MI<T !MSELVES HAVE DONE IF !Y HAD REMA9$ AMONG ! PEOPLE1 WORK+ ) !M 9 ! NEW ORGANIZATION 9/EAD ( %UTT+ !MSELVES UP 9 M9I/]IAL (FICES & WE>+ !MSELVES \T 9 IDLE DEBATES4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T WILL BE A H9DRANCE & A DANG]2 P[]LESS = GOOD1 =MIDABLE = ILL2 !RE=E1 :AT IS ! USE ( HAV+ IT80  

,H[EV] NATURAL & JU/1 ?IS >GUM5T /ILL RUNS C\NT] TO A GREAT MANY PREJUDICES /OR$ UP & ACCR$IT$ BY ?OSE :O HAVE HAD AN 9T]E/ 9 MA9TA9+ ! RELIGION ( GOV]NM5T1 SIDE BY SIDE ) ! RELIGIONS ( PROP]TY & ( !OLOGY4  

,?IS PREJUDICE1 ! LA/ ( ! ?REE1 /ILL EXI/S & IS A DANG] TO ! COM+ REVOLUTION1 ?\< IT ALREADY %[S SIGNS ( DECAY4 0,WE WILL MANAGE \R BUS9ESS \RSELVES )\T WAIT+ = ! ORD]S ( A GOV]NM5T1 WE WILL TRAMPLE UND]FOOT ?OSE :O TRY TO =CE US TO ACCEPT !M AS PRIE/S1 PROP]TY [N]S OR RUL]S10 ! WORK]S HAVE BEGUN TO SAY4 ,WE MU/ HOPE ?AT ! AN>*I/ P>TY WILL CONT9UE TO COMBAT GOV]NM5T WOR%IP VIGOR\SLY1 & NEV] ALL[ ITSELF TO BE DRAGG$ OR 5TIC$ 9TO A /RUGGLE = P[]4 ,WE MU/ HOPE ?AT 9 ! YE>S :I* REMA9 TO US BE=E ! REVOLUTION ! PREJUDICE 9 FAVOR ( GOV]NM5T MAY BE SO %AK5 ?AT IT WILL NOT BE /RONG 5\< TO DRAW (F ! PEOPLE ON A FALSE R\TE4  

,! COMMUNES ( ! NEXT REVOLUTION WILL NOT ONLY BREAK D[N ! /ATE & SUB/ITUTE FREE F$]ATION = P>LIAM5T>Y RULE2 !Y WILL P>T ) P>LIAM5T>Y RULE )9 ! COMMUNE ITSELF4 ,!Y WILL TRU/ ! FREE ORGANIZATION ( FOOD SUPPLY & PRODUCTION TO FREE GR\PS ( WORK]S :I* WILL F$]ATE ) LIKE GR\PS 9 O!R CITIES & VILLAGES NOT ?R\< ! M$IUM ( A COMMUNAL P>LIAM5T BUT DIRECTLY1 TO ACCOMPLI% !IR AIM4  

,!Y WILL BE AN>*I/ )9 ! COMMUNE AS !Y WILL BE AN>*I/ \TSIDE IT & ONLY ?US WILL !Y AVOID ! HORRORS ( DEFEAT1 ! FURIES ( REACTION4 

7#a7 ,>?UR ,>N\LD1 ,HI/ORIE POPULAIRE ET P>LEM5TAIRE DE LA ,COMMUNE DE ,P>IS1 ,BRUXELLES3 ,H4 ,KI/EMAECK]S1 #a#h#g#h1 #b TOMES 5 #a VOL4 

7,S\RCE3 ,! ORIG9AL ,5GLI% V]SION APPE>$ AS ,FRE$OM ,PAMPHLETS1 NO4 #b1 ,LONDON3 ,W4 ,REEVES1 #a#h#i#e1 BAS$ ON ! ORIG9AL ,FR5* V]SION PUBLI%$ 9 ,LE ,REVOLTE1 ,M>* #b1 #a#h#h47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #ahh 3 ,! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bag 3 ,! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/