,*APT] #af ,! ,DEC5TRALIZATION ( ,9DU/RY #aifaif ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 ,TEXT 3 ,PHOTO BY ,SIMON ,G4,B4 ,ROB]TS1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,! ,C,O,N,Q,U,E,/ ,( ,B,R,E,A,D BY ,P4 ,KROPOTK9 ,*,A,P,T,] ,X,V,I ,! ,DEC5TRALIZATION ( ,9DU/RY ,I ,A,F,T,] ! ,NAPOLEONIC W>S ,BRITA9 ALL BUT SUCCE$$ 9 RU9+ ! MA9 9DU/RIES :I* HAD SPRUNG UP 9 ,FRANCE AT ! 5D ( ! PREC$+ C5TURY4 ,%E BECAME ALSO MI/RESS ( ! SEAS & HAD NO RIVALS ( IMPORTANCE4 ,%E TOOK 9 ! SITUATION1 & KNEW H[ TO TURN ITS PRIVILEGES & ADVANTAGES TO ACC\NT4 ,%E E/ABLI%$ AN 9DU/RIAL MONOPOLY1 &1 IMPOS+ UPON H] NEIIAT 9 ,FRANCE1 9DU/RY1 HAMP]$ = A TIME 9 ITS FLI$ AGA91 & FROM ! SECOND HALF ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY ,FRANCE CEAS$ TO BE A TRIBUT>Y ( ,5GL& = MANUFACTUR$ GOODS4 ,TO-DAY %E TOO HAS GR[N 9TO A NATION ) AN EXPORT TRADE4 ,%E SELLS F> MORE ?AN SIXTY MILLION P\NDS' WOR? ( MANUFACTUR$ GOODS1 & TWO-?IRDS ( !SE GOODS >E FABRICS4 ,! NUMB] ( ,FR5*M5 WORK+ = EXPORT OR LIV+ BY !IR =EIGN TRADE1 IS E/IMAT$ AT ?REE MILLIONS4 ,FRANCE IS !RE=E NO LONG] ,5GL&'S TRIBUT>Y4 ,9 H] TURN %E HAS /RIV5 TO MONOPOLIZE C]TA9 BRAN*ES ( =EIGN 9DU/RY1 SU* AS SILKS & READY-MADE CLO!S1 & HAS REAP$ IMM5SE PR(ITS !REFROM2 BUT %E IS ON ! PO9T ( LOS+ ?IS MONOPOLY = EV]1 AS ,5GL& IS ON ! PO9T ( LOS+ ! MONOPOLY ( COTTON GOODS4 ,TRAVEL+ EA/W>DS1 9DU/RY HAS REA*$ ,G]MANY4 ,FIFTY YE>S AGO ,G]MANY WAS A TRIBUT>Y ( ,5GL& & ,FRANCE = MO/ MANUFACTUR$ COMMODITIES 9 ! HI<] BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY4 ,IT IS NO LONG] SO4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ! LA/ =TY-FIVE YE>S1 & ESPECIALLY S9CE ! ,FRANCO-,G]MAN W>1 ,G]MANY HAS COMPLETELY REORGANIZ$ H] 9DU/RY4 ,! NEW FACTORIES >E /OCK$ ) ! BE/ MA*9]Y2 ! LATE/ CREATIONS ( 9DU/RIAL >T 9 COTTON GOODS FROM ,MAN*E/]1 OR 9 SILKS FROM ,LYONS1 ETC41 >E N[ REALIZ$ 9 REC5T ,G]MAN FACTORIES4 ,IT TOOK TWO OR ?REE G5]ATIONS ( WORK]S1 AT ,LYONS & ,MAN*E/]1 TO CON/RUCT ! MOD]N MA*9]Y2 BUT ,G]MANY ADOPT$ IT 9 ITS P]FECT$ /ATE4 ,TE*NICAL S*OOLS1 ADAPT$ TO ! NE$S ( 9DU/RY1 SUPPLY ! FACTORIES ) AN >MY ( 9TELLIG5T WORKM5--PRACTICAL 5G9E]S1 :O CAN WORK ) H& & BRA94 ,G]MAN 9DU/RY />TS AT ! PO9T :I* WAS ONLY REA*$ BY ,MAN*E/] & ,LYONS AFT] FIFTY YE>S ( GROP+ 9 ! D>K1 ( EX]TION & EXP]IM5TS4 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT AS ,G]MANY MANUFACTURES AS WELL AT HOME1 %E DIM9I%ES H] IMPORTS FROM ,FRANCE & ,5GL& YE> BY YE>4 ,%E HAS NOT ONLY BECOME !IR RIVAL 9 MANUFACTUR$ GOODS 9 ,ASIA & 9 ,AFRICA1 BUT ALSO 9 ,LONDON & 9 ,P>IS4 ,%ORTSIIFFS2 !Y MAY L+] ON ! PETTY SIDE ( QUE/IONS & NEGLECT GREAT HI/ORICAL FACTS4 ,BUT IT IS NONE ! LESS C]TA9 ?AT ! MA9 9DU/RIES1 =M]LY 9 ! H&S ( ,5GL& & ,FRANCE1 HAVE PROGRESS$ EA/W>D1 & 9 ,G]MANY !Y F\ND A C\NTRY1 Y\NG1 FULL ( 5]GY1 POSSESS+ AN 9TELLIG5T MIDDLE CLASS1 & EAG] 9 ITS TURN TO 5RI* ITSELF BY =EIGN TRADE4 ,:ILE ,G]MANY FRE$ ITSELF FROM SUBJECTION TO ,FRANCE & ,5GL&1 MANUFACTUR$ H] [N COTTON CLO?1 CON/RUCT$ H] [N MA*9ES--9 FACT1 MANUFACTUR$ ALL COMMODITIES--! MA9 9DU/RIES TOOK ALSO ROOT 9 ,RUSSIA1 :]E ! DEVELOPM5T ( MANUFACTURE IS ! MORE SURPRIS+ AS IT SPRANG UP BUT YE/]DAY4 ,AT ! TIME ( ! ABOLITION ( S]FDOM 9 #a#h#f#a1 ,RUSSIA H>DLY HAD ANY FACTORIES4 ,EV]Y?+ !Y NE$$--MA*9ES1 RAILS1 RAILWAY-5G9ES1 RI* MAT]IALS--CAME FROM ! ,WE/4 ,TW5TY YE>S LAT] %E POSSESS$ ALREADY #h#e1 FACTORIES1 & ! GOODS FROM !SE FACTORIES HAD 9CREAS$ F\RFOLD 9 VALUE4 ,! OLD MA*9]Y WAS SUP]S$$1 & N[ NE>LY ALL ! /EEL 9 USE 9 ,RUSSIA1 ?REE-QU>T]S ( ! IRON1 TWO-?IRDS ( ! COAL1 ALL RAILWAY 5G9ES1 RAILWAY-C>RIAGES1 RAILS1 NE>LY ALL /EAM]S1 >E MADE 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,RUSSIA1 DE/9$--SO WROTE ECONOMI/S--TO REMA9 AN AGRICULTURAL T]RITORY1 HAS RAPIDLY DEVELOP$ 9TO A MANUFACTUR+ C\NTRY4 ,%E ORD]S H>DLY ANY?+ FROM ,5GL&1 & V]Y LITTLE FROM ,G]MANY4 ,ECONOMI/S HOLD ! CU/OMS RESPONSIBLE = !SE FACTS1 & YET COTTONS MANUFACTUR$ 9 ,RUSSIA >E SOLD AT ! SAME PRICE AS 9 ,LONDON4 ,CAPITAL TAK+ NO COGNIZANCE ( FA!RL&1 ,G]MAN & ,5GLI% CAPITALI/S1 ACCOMPANI$ BY 5G9E]S & =EM5 ( !IR [N NATIONALITIES1 HAVE 9TRODUC$ 9 ,RUSSIA & 9 ,POL& MANUFACTORIES1 ! EXCELL5CE ( :OSE GOODS COMPETE ) ! BE/ FROM ,5GL&4 ,IF CU/OMS W]E ABOLI%$ TO-MORR[1 MANUFACTURE W\LD ONLY GA9 BY IT4 ,NOT LONG AGO ! ,BRITI% MANUFACTUR]S DELIV]$ ANO!R H>D BL[ TO ! IMPORTS ( CLO? & WOOL5S FROM ! ,WE/4 ,!Y SET UP 9 S\!RN & MIDDLE ,RUSSIA IMM5SE WOOL FACTORIES1 /OCK$ ) ! MO/ P]FECT MA*9]Y FROM ,BRAD=D1 & ALREADY N[ ,RUSSIA H>DLY IMPORTS MORE ?AN A FEW PIECES ( ,5GLI% CLO? & ,FR5* WOOL5 FABRICS AS SAMPLES4 ,! MA9 9DU/RIES NOT ONLY MOVE EA/W>D1 !Y >E SPREAD+ TO ! S\!RN P59SULAS4 ,! ,TUR9 ,EXHIBITION ( #ahhd HAS ALREADY %[N ! PROGRESS MADE 9 ,ITALIAN MANUFACTUR$ PRODUCE1 &1 LET US NOT MAKE ANY MI/AKE AB\T IT1 ! MUTUAL HATR$ ( ! ,FR5* & ,ITALIAN MIDDLE CLASSES HAS NO O!R ORIG9 ?AN !IR 9DU/RIAL RIVALRY4 ,SPA9 IS ALSO BECOM+ AN 9DU/RIAL C\NTRY2 :ILE 9 ! ,EA/1 ,BOHEMIA HAS SUDD5LY SPRUNG UP TO IMPORTANCE AS A NEW C5T] ( MANUFACTURES1 PROVID$ ) P]FECT$ MA*9]Y & APPLY+ ! BE/ SCI5TIFIC ME?ODS4 ,WE MIY'S RAPID PROGRESS 9 ! MA9 9DU/RIES1 BUT LET US RA!R TAKE ,BRAZIL AS AN EXAMPLE4 ,ECONOMI/S S5T5C$ ,BRAZIL TO CULTIVATE COTTON = EV]1 TO EXPORT IT 9 ITS RAW /ATE1 & TO RECEIVE COTTON-CLO? FROM ,EUROPE 9 EX*ANGE4 ,9 FACT1 =TY YE>S AGO ,BRAZIL HAD ONLY N9E WRET*$ LITTLE COTTON FACTORIES ) #*e SP9DLES4 ,TO-DAY !RE >E #ah COTTON-MILLS1 POSSESS+ #g#a#e1 SP9DLES & #b#f1#e LOOMS1 :I* TLLR[ #bcd MILLION Y>DS ( TEXTILES ON ! M>KET ANNUALLY4 ,EV5 ,MEXICO IS SETT+ AB\T MANUFACTUR+ COTTON-CLO?1 9/EAD ( IMPORT+ IT FROM ,EUROPE4 ,AS TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES !Y HAVE QUITE FRE$ !MSELVES FROM ,EUROPEAN TUTELAGE1 & HAVE TRIUMPHALLY DEVELOP$ !IR MANUFACTUR+ P[]S4 ,BUT IT WAS ,9DIA :I* GAVE ! MO/ /RIK+ PRO( AGA9/ ! SPECIALIZATION ( NATIONAL 9DU/RY4 ,WE ALL KN[ ! !ORY3 ! GREAT ,EUROPEAN NATIONS NE$ COLONIES1 = COLONIES S5D RAW MAT]IAL--COTTON FIB]1 UNWA%$ WOOL1 SPICES1 ETC41 TO ! MO!R-L&4 ,& ! MO!R-L&1 UND] PRET5SE ( S5D+ !M MANUFACTUR$ W>ES1 GETS RID ( H] BURNT /UFFS1 H] MA*9E SCRAP-IRON & EV]Y ?+ :I* %E NO LONG] HAS USE =4 ,IT CO/S H] LITTLE OR NO?+1 & NONE ! LESS ! >TICLES >E SOLD AT EXORBITANT PRICES4 ,SU* WAS ! !ORY--SU* WAS ! PRACTICE = A LONG TIME4 ,9 ,LONDON & ,MAN*E/] =TUNES W]E MADE :ILE ,9DIA WAS BE+ RU9$4 ,9 ! ,9DIA ,MUSEUM 9 ,LONDON UNHE>D-( RI*ES1 COLLECT$ 9 ,CALCUTTA & ,BOMBAY BY ,5GLI% M]*ANTS1 >E TO BE SE54 ,BUT O!R ,5GLI% M]*ANTS & CAPITALI/S CONCEIV$ ! V]Y SIMPLE IDEA ?AT IT W\LD BE MORE EXP$I5T TO EXPLOIT ! NATIVES ( ,9DIA BY MAK+ COTTON-CLO? 9 ,9DIA ITSELF1 ?AN TO IMPORT FROM TW5TY TO TW5TY-F\R MILLION P\NDS' WOR? ( GOODS ANNUALLY4 ,AT FIR/ A S]IES ( EXP]IM5TS 5D$ 9 FAILURE4 ,9DIAN WEAV]S-->TI/S & EXP]TS 9 !IR [N CRAFT--C\LD NOT 9URE !MSELVES TO FACTORY LIFE2 ! MA*9]Y S5T FROM ,LIV]POOL WAS BAD2 ! CLIMATE HAD TO BE TAK5 9TO ACC\NT2 & M]*ANTS HAD TO ADAPT !MSELVES TO NEW CONDITIONS1 N[ FULLY OBS]V$1 BE=E ,BRITI% ,9DIA C\LD BECOME ! M5AC+ RIVAL ( ! ,MO!R-L& %E IS TO-DAY4 ,%E N[ POSSESSES #b COTTON FACTORIES :I* EMPLOY AB\T #a#i#f1#d WORKM51 & CONTA9 #e1#b#c#a1,O,O,O SP9DLES & #d#h1#d LOOMS1 & #* JUTE MILLS1 ) #d#i1 SP9DLES4 ,%E EXPORTS ANNUALLY TO ,*9A1 TO ! ,DUT* ,9DIES1 & TO ,AFRICA1 NE>LY EIE UNEMPLOY$ & 9 GREAT WANT1 ,9DIAN WOM5 WEAVE COTTON BY MA*9]Y = ! ,F> ,EA/ AT ! RATE ( SIXP5CE A DAY4 ,9 %ORT1 9TELLIG5T MANUFACTUR]S >E FULLY AW>E ?AT ! DAY IS NOT F> (F :5 !Y WILL NOT KN[ :AT TO DO ) ! 0FACTORY H&S0 :O =M]LY WEAV$ COTTON-CLO? EXPORT$ FROM ,5GL&4 ,BESIDES :I* IT IS BECOM+ MORE & MORE EVID5T ?AT ,9DIA WILL NOT IMPORT A S+LE TON ( IRON FROM ,5GL&4 ,! 9ITIAL DIFFICULTIES 9 US+ ! COAL & ! IRON ORE OBTA9$ 9 ,9DIA HAVE BE5 OV]COME2 & F\NDRIES1 RIVAL+ ?OSE 9 ,5GL&1 HAVE BE5 BUILT ON ! %ORES ( ! ,9DIAN ,OCEAN4 ,COLONIES COMPET+ ) ! MO!R-L& 9 ITS PRODUCTION ( MANUFACTUR$ GOODS1 SU* IS ! FACTOR :I* WILL REGULATE ECONOMY 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,& :Y %\LD ,9DIA NOT MANUFACTURE 8 ,:AT %\LD BE ! H9DRANCE 8 ,CAPITAL8--,BUT CAPITAL GOES :]EV] !RE >E M51 POOR 5\< TO BE EXPLOIT$4 ,KN[L$GE8--,BUT KN[L$GE RECOGNIZES NO NATIONAL B>RI]S4 ,TE*NICAL SKILL ( ! WORK]8--,NO4 ,>E1 !N1 ,H9DU WORKM5 9F]IOR TO ! #b#c#g1 BOYS & GIRLS1 NOT EIS OLD1 AT PRES5T WORK+ 9 ! ,5GLI% TEXTILE FACTORIES8 ,I,I ,AFT] HAV+ GLANC$ AT NATIONAL 9DU/RIES IT W\LD BE V]Y 9T]E/+ TO TURN TO SPECIAL 9DU/RIES4 ,LET US TAKE SILK1 = EXAMPLE1 AN EM95TLY ,FR5* PRODUCT 9 ! FIR/ HALF ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,WE ALL KN[ H[ ,LYONS BECAME ! EMPORIUM ( ! SILK TRADE4 ,AT FIR/ RAW SILK WAS GA!R$ 9 S\!RN ,FRANCE1 TILL LITTLE BY LITTLE !Y ORD]$ IT FROM ,ITALY1 FROM ,SPA91 FROM ,AU/RIA1 FROM ! ,CAUCASUS1 & FROM ,JAPAN1 = ! MANUFACTURE ( !IR SILK FABRICS4 ,9 #a#h#g#e1 \T ( FIVE MILLION KILOS ( RAW SILK CONV]T$ 9TO /UFFS 9 ! VIC9ITY ( ,LYONS1 !RE W]E ONLY F\R HUNDR$ ?\S& KILOS ( ,FR5* SILK4 ,BUT IF ,LYONS MANUFACTUR$ IMPORT$ SILK1 :Y %\LD NOT ,SWITZ]L&1 ,G]MANY1 ,RUSSIA1 DO AS MU*8 ,SILK WEAV+ DEVELOP$ 9DE$ 9 ! VILLAGES R\ND ,ZURI*4 ,BALE BECAME A GREAT C5T] ( ! SILK TRADE4 ,! ,CAUCASIAN ,ADM9I/RATION 5GAG$ WOM5 FROM ,M>SEILLES & WORKM5 FROM ,LYONS TO TEA* ,GEORGIANS ! P]FECT$ RE>+ ( SILKWORMS1 & ! >T ( CONV]T+ SILK 9TO FABRICS TO ! ,CAUCASIAN PEASANTS4 ,AU/RIA FOLL[$4 ,!N ,G]MANY1 ) ! HELP ( ,LYONS WORKM51 BUILT GREAT SILK FACTORIES4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES DID LIKEWISE 9 ,PAT]SON4 ,& TO-DAY ! SILK TRADE IS NO LONG] A ,FR5* MONOPOLY4 ,SILKS >E MADE 9 ,G]MANY1 9 ,AU/RIA1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & 9 ,5GL&4 ,9 W9T]1 ,CAUCASIAN PEASANTS WEAVE SILK H&K]*IEFS AT A WAGE ?AT W\LD MEAN />VATION TO ! SILKWEAV]S ( ,LYONS4 ,ITALY S5DS SILKS TO ,FRANCE2 & ,LYONS1 :I* 9 #a#h#g-#d EXPORT$ #df MILLION FRANCS' WOR? ( SILK FABRICS1 EXPORTS N[ ONLY ONE-HALF ( ?AT AM\NT4 ,9 FACT1 ! TIME IS NOT F> (F :5 ,LYONS WILL ONLY S5D HI<] CLASS GOODS & A FEW NOVELTIES AS PATT]NS TO ,G]MANY1 ,RUSSIA1 & ,JAPAN4 ,& SO IT IS 9 ALL 9DU/RIES4 ,BELGIUM HAS NO LONG] ! CLO? MONOPOLY2 CLO? IS MADE 9 ,G]MANY1 9 ,RUSSIA1 9 ,AU/RIA1 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,SWITZ]L& & ! ,FR5* ,JURA HAVE NO LONG] A CLOCKWORK MONOPOLY3 WAT*ES >E MADE EV]Y :]E4 ,SCOTL& NO LONG] REF9ES SUG> = ,RUSSIA3 ,RUSSIAN SUG> IS IMPORT$ 9TO ,5GL&4 ,ITALY1 AL?\< NEI!R POSSESS+ COAL NOR IRON1 MAKES ITS [N IRONCLADS & 5G9ES = H] /EAM]S4 ,*EMICAL 9DU/RY IS NO LONG] AN ,5GLI% MONOPOLY2 SULFURIC ACID & SODA >E MADE EV5 9 ! ,URALS4 ,/EAM-5G9ES1 MADE AT ,W9T]?UR1 HAVE ACQUIR$ EV]Y:]E A WIDE REPUTATION1 & AT ! PRES5T MOM5T1 ,SWITZ]L&1 ?AT HAS NEI!R COAL NOR IRON--NO?+ BUT EXCELL5T TE*NICAL S*OOLS--MAKES MA*9]Y BETT] & *EAP] ?AN ,5GL&4 ,SO 5DS ! !ORY ( ,EX*ANGE4 ,! T5D5CY ( TRADE1 AS = ALL ELSE1 IS T[>D DEC5TRALIZATION4 ,EV]Y NATION F9DS IT ADVANTAGE\S TO COMB9E AGRICULTURE ) ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE V>IETY ( F\NDRIES & MANUFACTORIES4 ,! SPECIALIZATION1 ( :I* ECONOMI/S SPOKE SO HIY1 IT IS TO ! ADVANTAGE ( EV]Y REGION1 EV]Y NATION1 TO GR[ !IR [N :EAT1 !IR [N VEGETABLES1 & TO MANUFACTURE ALL PRODUCE !Y CONSUME AT HOME4 ,?IS DIV]SITY IS ! SURE/ PL$GE ( ! COMPLETE DEVELOPM5T ( PRODUCTION BY MUTUAL COOP]ATION1 & ! MOV+ CAUSE ( PROGRESS1 :ILE SPECIALIZATION IS A H9DRANCE TO PROGRESS4 ,AGRICULTURE CAN ONLY PROSP] 9 PROXIMITY TO FACTORIES4 ,& NO SOON] DOES A S+LE FACTORY APPE> ?AN AN 9F9ITE V>IETY ( O!R FACTORIES MU/ SPR+ UP >\ND1 SO ?AT1 MUTUALLY SUPPORT+ & /IMULAT+ ONE ANO!R BY !IR 9V5TIONS1 !Y 9CREASE !IR PRODUCTIVITY4 ,I,I,I ,IT IS FOOLI% 9DE$ TO EXPORT :EAT & IMPORT FL\R1 TO EXPORT WOOL & IMPORT CLO?1 TO EXPORT IRON & IMPORT MA*9]Y2 NOT ONLY BECAUSE TRANSPORTATION IS A WA/E ( TIME & MONEY1 BUT1 ABOVE ALL1 BECAUSE A C\NTRY ) NO DEVELOP$ 9DU/RY 9EVITABLY REMA9S BEH9D ! TIMES 9 AGRICULTURE2 BECAUSE A C\NTRY ) NO L>GE FACTORIES TO BR+ /EEL TO A F9I%$ CONDITION IS ALSO BACKW>D 9 ALL O!R 9DU/RIES2 & LA/LY1 BECAUSE ! 9DU/RIAL & TE*NICAL CAPACITIES ( ! NATION REMA9 UNDEVELOP$4 ,9 ! WORLD ( PRODUCTION EV]Y?+ HOLDS TOGE!R N[ADAYS4 ,CULTIVATION ( ! SOIL IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE )\T MA*9]Y1 )\T GREAT IRRIGATION WORKS1 )\T RAILWAYS1 )\T MANURE FACTORIES4 ,& TO ADAPT ?IS MA*9]Y1 !SE RAILWAYS1 !SE IRRIGATION 5G9ES1 ETC41 TO LOCAL CONDITIONS1 A C]TA9 SPIRIT ( 9V5TION1 A C]TA9 AM\NT ( TE*NICAL SKILL1 ?AT LIE DORMANT AS LONG AS SPADES & PL[%>ES >E ! ONLY IMPLEM5TS ( CULTIVATION1 MU/ BE DEVELOP$4 ,IF FIELDS >E TO BE PROP]LY CULTIVAT$1 & >E TO YIELD ! ABUNDANT H>VE/S MAN HAS ! RIIETY ( OCCUPATIONS1 A V>IETY ( SKILL >IS+ !REFROM 5D WORK+ TOGE!R = A COMMON AIM--!SE >E ! G5U9E =CES ( PROGRESS4 ,& N[ LET US IMAG9E ! 9HABITANTS ( A CITY OR A T]RITORY--:E!R VA/ OR SMALL--/EPP+ = ! FIR/ TIME ON TO ! PA? ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,WE >E SOMETIMES TOLD ?AT 0NO?+ WILL HAVE *ANG$03 ?AT ! M9ES1 ! FACTORIES1 ETC41 WILL BE EXPROPRIAT$1 & PROCLAIM$ NATIONAL OR COMMUNAL PROP]TY1 ?AT EV]Y MAN WILL GO BACK TO HIS USUAL WORK1 & ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WILL !N BE ACCOMPLI%$4 ,BUT ?IS IS A DREAM3 ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION CANNOT TAKE PLACE SO SIMPLY4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY M5TION$ ?AT %\LD ! ,REVOLUTION BREAK \T TO-MORR[ 9 ,P>IS1 ,LYONS1 OR ANY O!R CITY--%\LD ! WORK]S LAY H&S ON FACTORIES1 H\SES1 & BANKS1 PRES5T PRODUCTION W\LD BE COMPLETELY REVOLUTIONIZ$ BY ?IS SIMPLE FACT4 ,9T]NATIONAL COMM]CE WILL COME TO A /&/ILL2 SO ALSO WILL ! IMPORTATION ( =EIGN BREAD/UFFS2 ! CIRCULATION ( COMMODITIES & ( PROVISIONS WILL BE P>ALYZ$4 ,& !N1 ! CITY OR T]RITORY 9 REVOLT WILL BE COMPELL$ TO PROVIDE = ITSELF1 & TO REORGANIZE PRODUCTION4 ,IF IT FAILS TO DO SO1 IT IS DEA?4 ,IF IT SUCCE$S1 IT WILL REVOLUTIONIZE ! ECONOMIC LIFE ( ! C\NTRY4 ,! QUANTITY ( IMPORT$ PROVISIONS HAV+ DECREAS$1 CONSUMPTION HAV+ 9CREAS$1 ONE MILLION ,P>ISIANS WORK+ = EXPORTATION PURPOSES HAV+ BE5 ?R[N \T ( WORK1 A GREAT NUMB] ( ?+S IMPORT$ TO-DAY FROM DI/ANT OR NEIILY AT A /&/ILL1 ,:AT WILL ! 9HABITANTS HAVE TO EAT SIX MON?S AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION8 ,WE ?9K ?AT :5 ! /ORES >E EMPTY1 ! MASSES WILL SEEK TO OBTA9 !IR FOOD FROM ! L&4 ,!Y WILL BE COMPELL$ TO CULTIVATE ! SOIL1 TO COMB9E AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ) 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION 9 ,P>IS & ITS 5VIRONS4 ,!Y WILL HAVE TO AB&ON ! M]ELY ORNAM5TAL TRADES & CONSID] ! MO/ URG5T NE$--BREAD4 ,CITIZ5S WILL BE OBLIG$ TO BECOME AGRICULTURI/S4 ,NOT 9 ! SAME MANN] AS PEASANTS :O WE> !MSELVES \T1 PL[+ = A WAGE ?AT B>ELY PROVIDES !M ) SUFFICI5T FOOD = ! YE>' BUT BY FOLL[+ ! PR9CIPLES ( M>KET-G>D5]S' 9T5SIVE AGRICULTURE1 APPLI$ ON A L>GE SCALE BY MEANS ( ! BE/ MA*9]Y ?AT MAN HAS 9V5T$ OR CAN 9V5T4 ,!Y WILL TILL ! L&--NOT1 H[ EV]1 LIKE ! C\NTRY BEA/ ( BURD5 A ,P>IS JEWEL] W\LD OBJECT TO ?AT4 ,!Y WILL REORGANIZE CULTIVATION1 NOT 9 T5 YE>S' TIME1 BUT AT ONCE1 DUR+ ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES1 FROM FE> ( BE+ WOR/$ BY ! 5EMY4 ,AGRICULTURE WILL HAVE TO BE C>RI$ ON BY 9TELLIG5T BE+S2 AVAIL+ !MSELVES ( !IR KN[L$GE1 ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES 9 JOY\S GANGS = PLEASANT WORK1 LIKE ! M5 :O1 A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 WORK$ 9 ! ,*AMP DE ,M>S = ! ,FEA/ ( ! ,F$]ATION--A WORK ( DELIRI$ TO EXCESS1 :5 SCI5TIFICALLY ORGANIZ$1 :5 MAN 9V5TS & IMPROVES HIS TOOLS & IS CONSCI\S ( BE+ A USEFUL MEMB] ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,( C\RSE1 !Y WILL NOT ONLY CULTIVATE1 !Y WILL ALSO PRODUCE ?OSE ?+S :I* !Y =M]LY US$ TO ORD] FROM =EIGN P>TS4 ,& LET US NOT =GET ?AT = ! 9HABITANTS ( A REVOLT$ T]RITORY1 0=EIGN P>TS0 MAY 9CLUDE ALL DI/RICTS ?AT HAVE NOT JO9$ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,DUR+ ! ,REVOLUTIONS ( #agic & #ahga ,P>IS WAS MADE TO FEEL ?AT 0=EIGN P>TS0 MEANT EV5 ! C\NTRY DI/RICT AT H] V]Y GATES4 ,! SPECULATOR 9 GRA9S AT ,TROYES />V$ ! SANSCULOTTES ( ,P>IS MORE EFFECTUALLY ?AN ! ,G]MAN >MIES BR\ :5 SUG>-CANE RAN %ORT DUR+ ! CONT95TAL BLOCKADE4 ,P>ISIANS DISCOV]$ SALT PETRE 9 !IR CELL>S :5 !Y NO LONG] RECEIV$ ANY FROM ABROAD4 ,%ALL WE BE 9F]IOR TO \R GR&FA!RS1 :O ) DIFFICULTY LISP$ ! FIR/ WORDS ( SCI5CE8 ,A REVOLUTION IS MORE ?AN ! DE/RUCTION ( A POLITICAL SY/EM4 ,IT IMPLIES ! AWAK5+ ( HUMAN 9TELLIG5CE1 ! 9CREAS+ ( ! 9V5TIVE SPIRIT T5FOLD1 A HUNDR$FOLD2 IT IS ! DAWN ( A NEW1 SCI5CE--! SCI5CE ( M5 LIKE ,LAPLACE1 ,LAM>CK1 ,LAVOISI]4 ,IT IS A REVOLUTION 9 ! M9DS ( M51 MORE ?AN 9 !IR 9/ITUTIONS4 ,& ECONOMI/S TELL US TO RETURN TO \R WORK%OPS1 AS IF PASS+ ?R\< A REVOLUTION W]E GO+ HOME AFT] A WALK 9 ! ,EPP+ =E/6 ,TO BEG9 )1 ! SOLE FACT ( HAV+ LAID H&S ON MIDDLE-CLASS PROP]TY IMPLIES ! NECESSITY ( COMPLETELY REORGANIZ+ ! :OLE ( ECONOMIC LIFE 9 WORK%OPS1 9 DOCKY>DS1 & 9 FACTORIES4 ,& ! REVOLUTION WILL NOT FAIL TO ACT 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 ,%\LD ,P>IS1 DUR+ ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 BE CUT (F FROM ! WORLD = A YE> OR TWO BY ! SUPPORT]S ( MIDDLE-CLASS RULE1 ITS MILLIONS ( 9TELLECTS1 NOT YET DEPRESS$ BY FACTORY LIFE--?AT ,CITY ( LITTLE TRADES :I* /IMULATE ! SPIRIT ( 9V5TION--WILL %[ ! WORLD :AT MAN'S BRA9 CAN ACCOMPLI% )\T ASK+ ANY HELP FROM )\T1 BUT ! MOTOR =CE ( ! SUN ?AT GIVES LI? WE TREAD ON4 ,WE %ALL SEE !N :AT A V>IETY ( TRADES1 MUTUALLY COOP]AT+ ON A SPOT ( ! GLOBE & ANIMAT$ BY ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 CAN DO TO FE$1 CLO!1 H\SE1 & SUPPLY ) ALL MANN] ( LUXURIES MILLIONS ( 9TELLIG5T M54 ,WE NE$ WRITE NO FICTION TO PROVE ?IS4 ,:AT WE >E SURE (1 :AT HAS ALREADY BE5 EXP]IM5T$ UPON1 & RECOGNIZ$ AS PRACTICAL1 W\LD SUFFICE TO C>RY IT 9TO EFFECT1 IF ! ATTEMPT W]E F]TILIZ$1 VIVIFI$ BY ! D>+ 9SPIRATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION & ! SPONTANE\S IMPULSE ( ! MASSES4 ,?IS TEXT WAS TAK5 FROM A #a/ $ITION ( ,! ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD1 ,G4 ,P4 ,PUTNAM'S ,SONS1 ,NEW ,YORK & ,LONDON1 #a#i#f4 ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aie 3 ,*APT] #af -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #af -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/