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,AGRICULTURE 

#aifaif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,YAMANAKA ,TAMAKI1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE  
 ,! ,C,O,N,Q,U,E,/ ,( ,B,R,E,A,D 

 BY ,P4 ,KROPOTK9 

  
 ,*,A,P,T,] ,X,V,I,I 

  
  
 ,AGRICULTURE 

,I 

  

,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,E,C,O,N,O,M,Y HAS (T5 BE5 REPROA*$ ) DRAW+ ALL ITS D$UCTIONS FROM ! DECID$LY FALSE PR9CIPLE1 ?AT ! ONLY 9C5TIVE CAPABLE ( =C+ A MAN TO AUGM5T HIS P[] ( PRODUCTION IS P]SONAL 9T]E/ 9 ITS N>R[E/ S5SE4 

,! REPROA* IS P]FECTLY TRUE2 SO TRUE ?AT EPO*S ( GREAT 9DU/RIAL DISCOV]IES & TRUE PROGRESS 9 9DU/RY >E PRECISELY ?OSE 9 :I* ! HAPP9ESS ( ALL WAS ! AIM PURSU$1 & 9 :I* P]SONAL 5RI*M5T WAS LEA/ ?\<T (4 ,GREAT 9VE/IGATORS & GREAT 9V5TORS AIM$1 )\T D\BT1 AT ! EMANCIPATION ( MANK9D4 ,& IF ,WATT1 ,/EPH5SON1 ,JACQU>D1 ETC41 C\LD HAVE ONLY =ESE5 :AT A /ATE ( MIS]Y !IR SLEEPLESS NI<TS W\LD BR+ TO ! WORK]S1 !Y W\LD PROBABLY HAVE BURN$ !IR DESIGNS & BROK5 !IR MODELS4 

,ANO!R PR9CIPLE ?AT P]VADES ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY IS JU/ AS FALSE4 ,IT IS ! TACIT ADMISSION1 COMMON TO ALL ECONOMI/S1 ?AT IF !RE IS (T5 OV]-PRODUCTION 9 C]TA9 BRAN*ES1 A SOCIETY WILL NEV]!LESS NEV] HAVE SUFFICI5T PRODUCTS TO SATISFY ! WANTS ( ALL1 & ?AT CONSEQU5TLY ! DAY WILL NEV] COME :5 NOBODY WILL BE =C$ TO SELL HIS LABOR 9 EX*ANGE = WAGES4 ,?IS TACIT ADMISSION  IS F\ND AT ! BASIS ( ALL !ORIES & ! SO-CALL$ 0LAWS0 TAU<T BY ECONOMI/S4 

,& YET IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ! DAY :5 ANY CIVILIZ$ ASSOCIATION ( 9DIVIDUALS W\LD ASK ITSELF1 :AT >E ! NE$S ( ALL1 & ! MEANS ( SATISFY+ !M1 IT W\LD SEE ?AT1 9 9DU/RY AS 9 AGRICULTURE1 IT ALREADY POSSESSES SUFFICI5T TO PROVIDE ABUNDANTLY = ALL NE$S1 ON CONDITION ?AT IT KN[S H[ TO APPLY !SE MEANS TO SATISFY REAL NE$S4 

,?AT ?IS IS TRUE AS REG>DS 9DU/RY NO ONE CAN CONTE/4 ,9DE$1 IT SUFFICES TO /UDY ! PROCESSES ALREADY 9 USE TO EXTRACT COALS & ORE1 TO OBTA9 /EEL & WORK IT1 TO MANUFACTURE :AT IS US$ = CLO?+1 ETC41 9 L>GE 9DU/RIAL E/ABLI%M5TS1 9 ORD] TO P]CEIVE ?AT WE C\LD ALREADY 9CREASE \R PRODUCTION F\RFOLD & YET ECONOMIZE WORK4 

,WE GO FUR!R4 ,WE ASS]T ?AT AGRICULTURE IS 9 ! SAME POSITION3 ! LABOR]1 LIKE ! MANUFACTUR]1 ALREADY POSSESSES ! MEANS TO 9CREASE HIS PRODUCTION1 NOT ONLY F\RFOLD BUT T5FOLD1 & HE WILL BE ABLE TO PUT IT 9TO PRACTICE AS SOON AS HE FEELS ! NE$ ( IT1 AS SOON AS ! SOCIALI/ ORGANIZATION ( WORK WILL BE E/ABLI%$ 9/EAD ( ! PRES5T CAPITALI/IC ONE4 

,EA* TIME AGRICULTURE IS SPOK5 (1 M5 IMAG9E A PEASANT B5D+ OV] ! PL[1 ?R[+ BADLY SORT$ CORN HAPHAZ>D 9TO ! GR\ND & WAIT+ ANXI\SLY = :AT ! GOOD OR BAD SEASON WILL BR+ =?2 OR A FAMILY WORK+ FROM MORN TO NI<T & REAP+ AS REW>D A RUDE B$1 DRY BREAD1 & CO>SE BEV]AGE4 ,9 A WORD1 !Y PICTURE 0! WILD BEA/0 ( ,LA ,BRUY]E4 

,& = ?IS MAN1 ?US SUBJECT$ TO MIS]Y1 ! UTMO/ RELIEF SOCIETY PROPOSES IS TO R$UCE HIS TAXES OR HIS R5T4 ,BUT !Y DO NOT EV5 D>E TO IMAG9E A CULTIVATOR /&+ ]ECT1 TAK+ LEISURE1 & PRODUC+ BY A FEW H\RS' WORK P] DAY SUFFICI5T FOOD TO N\RI%1 NOT ONLY HIS [N FAMILY1 BUT A HUNDR$ M5 MORE AT ! LEA/4 ,9 !IR MO/ GL[+ DREAMS ( ! FUTURE ,SOCIALI/S DO NOT GO BEYOND ,AM]ICAN EXT5SIVE CULTURE1 :I*1 AFT] ALL1 IS BUT ! 9FANCY ( AGRICULTURAL >T4 

,! AGRICULTURI/ HAS BROAD] IDEAS TO-DAY--HIS CONCEPTIONS >E ON A F> GR&] SCALE4 ,HE ONLY ASKS = A FRACTION ( AN ACRE 9 ORD] TO PRODUCE SUFFICI5T VEGETABLES = A FAMILY2 & TO FE$ TW5TY-FIVE HORN$ BEA/S HE NE$S NO MORE SPACE ?AN HE =M]LY REQUIR$ TO FE$ ONE2 HIS AIM IS TO MAKE HIS [N SOIL1 TO DEFY SEASONS & CLIMATE1 TO W>M BO? AIR & E>? >\ND ! Y\NG PLANT2 TO PRODUCE1 9 A WORD1 ON ONE ACRE :AT HE US$ TO CROP ON FIFTY ACRES1 & ?AT )\T ANY EXCESSIVE FATIGUE--BY GREATLY R$UC+1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! TOTAL ( =M] LABOR4 ,HE KN[S ?AT WE WILL BE ABLE TO FE$ EV]YBODY BY GIV+ TO ! CULTURE ( ! FIELDS NO MORE TIME ?AN :AT EA* CAN GIVE ) PLEASURE & JOY4 

,?IS IS ! PRES5T T5D5CY ( AGRICULTURE4 

,:ILE SCI5TIFIC M51 L$ BY ,LIEBIG1 ! CREATOR ( ! *EMICAL !ORY ( AGRICULTURE1 (T5 GOT ON ! WRONG TACK 9 !IR LOVE ( M]E !ORIES1 UNLETT]$ AGRICULTURI/S OP5$ UP NEW ROADS TO PROSP]ITY4 ,M>KET-G>D5]S ( ,P>IS1 ,TROYES1 ,R\51 ,SCOT* & ,5GLI% G>D5]S1 ,FLEMI%  F>M]S1 PEASANTS ( ,J]SEY1 ,GU]NSEY1 & F>M]S ON ! ,SCILLY ,ISLES HAVE OP5$ UP SU* L>GE HORIZONS ?AT ! M9D HESITATES TO GRASP !M4 ,:ILE UP TILL LATELY A FAMILY ( PEASANTS NE$$ AT LEA/ SEV5TE5 TO TW5TY ACRES TO LIVE ON ! PRODUCE ( ! SOIL--& WE KN[ H[ PEASANTS LIVE--WE CAN NO LONG] SAY :AT IS ! M9IMUM >EA ON :I* ALL ?AT IS NECESS>Y TO A FAMILY CAN BE GR[N1 EV5 9CLUD+ >TICLES ( LUXURY1 IF ! SOIL IS WORK$ BY MEANS ( 9T5SIVE CULTURE4 

,T5 YE>S AGO IT C\LD ALREADY BE ASS]T$ ?AT A POPULATION ( ?IRTY MILLION 9DIVIDUALS C\LD LIVE V]Y WELL1 )\T IMPORT+ ANY?+1 ON :AT C\LD BE GR[N 9 ,GREAT ,BRITA94 ,BUT N[1 :5 WE SEE ! PROGRESS REC5TLY MADE 9 ,FRANCE AS WELL AS 9 ,5GL&1 & :5 WE CONTEMPLATE ! NEW HORIZONS :I* OP5 BE=E US1 WE CAN SAY ?AT 9 CULTIVAT+ ! E>? AS IT IS ALREADY CULTIVAT$ 9 MANY PLACES1 EV5 ON POOR SOILS1 FIFTY OR SIXTY MILLION 9HABITANTS TO ! T]RITORY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 W\LD /ILL BE A V]Y FEEBLE PROPORTION TO :AT MAN C\LD EXACT FROM ! SOIL4 

,9 ANY CASE 7AS WE >E AB\T TO DEMON/RATE7 WE MAY CONSID] IT AS ABSOLUTELY PROV$ ?AT IF TO-MORR[ ,P>IS & ! TWO DEP>TM5TS ( ,SE9E & ( ,SE9E-ET-,OISE ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES AS AN ,AN>*I/ COMMUNE1 9 :I* ALL WORK$ ) !IR H&S1 & IF ! 5TIRE UNIV]SE REFUS$ TO S5D !M A S+LE BU%EL ( :EAT1 A S+LE HEAD ( CATTLE1 A S+LE BASKET ( FRUIT1 & LEFT !M ONLY ! T]RITORY ( ! TWO DEP>TM5TS1 !Y C\LD NOT ONLY PRODUCE CORN1 MEAT1 & VEGETABLES  NECESS>Y = !MSELVES1 BUT ALSO >TICLES ( LUXURY 9 SUFFICI5T QUANTITIES = ALL4 

,&1 9 ADDITION1 WE AFFIRM ?AT ! SUM TOTAL ( ?IS LABOR W\LD BE F> LESS ?AN ?AT EXP5D$ AT PRES5T TO FE$ !SE PEOPLE ) CORN H>VE/$ 9 ,AUV]GNE & ,RUSSIA1 ) VEGETABLES PRODUC$ A LITTLE EV]Y:]E BY EXT5SIVE AGRICULTURE1 & ) FRUIT GR[N 9 ! ,S\?4 

,IT IS SELF-EVID5T ?AT WE 9 N[ISE DESIRE 0ALL0 EX*ANGE TO BE SUPPRESS$1 NOR ?AT EA* REGION %\LD /RIVE TO PRODUCE ?AT :I* WILL ONLY GR[ 9 ITS CLIMATE BY A MORE OR LESS >TIFICIAL CULTURE4 ,BUT WE C>E TO DRAW ATT5TION TO ! FACT ?AT ! !ORY ( EX*ANGE1 SU* AS IS UND]/OOD TO-DAY1 IS /RANGELY EXAGG]AT$--?AT EX*ANGE IS (T5 USELESS & EV5 H>MFUL4 ,WE ASS]T1 MOREOV]1 ?AT PEOPLE HAVE NEV] HAD A RI<T CONCEPTION ( ! IMM5SE LABOR ( ,S\!RN W9E GR[]S1 NOR ( ?AT ( ,RUSSIAN & ,HUNG>IAN CORN GR[]S1 :OSE EXCESSIVE LABOR C\LD ALSO BE V]Y MU* R$UC$ IF !Y ADOPT$ 9T5SIVE CULTURE1 9/EAD ( !IR PRES5T SY/EM ( EXT5SIVE AGRICULTURE4 

,I,I 

,IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO QUOTE H]E ! MASS ( FACTS ON :I* WE BASE \R ASS]TIONS4 ,WE >E !RE=E OBLIG$ TO REF] \R READ]S :O WANT FUR!R 9=MATION TO ANO!R BOOK1 0,FIELDS1 ,FACTORIES1 & ,WORK%OPS40 ,ABOVE ALL WE E>NE/LY 9VITE ?OSE :O >E 9T]E/$ 9 ! QUE/ION TO READ SEV]AL EXCELL5T WORKS PUBLI%$ 9 ,FRANCE 

 & ELSE:]E1 & ( :I* WE GIVE A LI/ AT ! CLOSE ( ?IS BOOK 7#a74 ,AS TO ! 9HABITANTS ( L>GE T[NS1 :O HAVE AS YET NO REAL NOTION ( :AT AGRICULTURE CAN BE1 WE ADVISE !M TO EXPLORE ! SURR\ND+ M>KET- G>D5S & /UDY ! CULTIVATION4 ,!Y NE$ BUT OBS]VE & QUE/ION M>KET-G>D5]S1 & A NEW WORLD WILL BE OP5 TO !M4 ,!Y WILL ?US BE ABLE TO SEE :AT ,EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE MAY BE 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY2 & !Y WILL UND]/& ) :AT =CE ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION WILL BE >M$ :5 WE KN[ ! SECRET ( TAK+ EV]Y?+ WE NE$ FROM ! SOIL4 

,A FEW FACTS WILL SUFFICE TO %[ ?AT \R ASS]TIONS >E 9 NO WAY EXAGG]AT$4 ,WE ONLY WI% !M TO BE PREC$$ BY A FEW G5]AL REM>KS4 

,WE KN[ 9 :AT A WRET*$ CONDITION ,EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE IS4 ,IF ! CULTIVATOR ( ! SOIL IS NOT PLUND]$ BY ! L&[N]1 HE IS ROBB$ BY ! ,/ATE4 ,IF ! ,/ATE TAXES HIM MOD]ATELY1 ! MONEY-L5D] 5SLAVES HIM BY MEANS ( PROMISSORY NOTES1 & SOON TURNS HIM 9TO ! SIMPLE T5ANT ( A SOIL BELONG+ 9 REALITY TO A F9ANCIAL COMPANY4 ,! L&LORD1 ! ,/ATE1 & ! BANK] ?US PLUND] ! CULTIVATOR BY MEANS ( R5T1 TAXES1 & 9T]E/4 ,! SUM V>IES 9 EA* C\NTRY1 BUT IT NEV] FALLS BEL[ ! QU>T]1 V]Y (T5 ! HALF ( ! RAW PRODUCE4 ,9 ,FRANCE AGRICULTURI/S PAID ! ,/ATE QUITE REC5TLY AS MU* AS #dd P]C5T ( ! GROSS PRODUCE4 

,MOREOV]1 ! %>E ( ! [N] & ! ,/ATE ALWAYS GOES ON 9CREAS+4 ,AS SOON AS ! CULTIVATOR HAS OBTA9$ MORE PL5TIFUL CROPS BY PRODIGIES  ( LABOR1 9V5TION1 OR 9ITIATIVE1 ! TRIBUTE HE WILL [E TO ! L&[N]1 ! ,/ATE1 & ! BANK] WILL AUGM5T 9 PROPORTION4 ,IF HE D\BLES ! NUMB] ( BU%ELS REAP$ P] ACRE1 R5T WILL BE D\BL$ & TAXES TOO1 & ! ,/ATE WILL TAKE C>E TO RAISE !M /ILL MORE IF ! PRICES GO UP4 ,& SO ON4 ,9 %ORT1 EV]Y:]E ! CULTIVATOR ( ! SOIL WORKS TWELVE TO SIXTE5 H\RS A DAY2 !SE ?REE VULTURES TAKE FROM HIM EV]Y?+ HE MI<T LAY BY2 !Y ROB HIM EV]Y:]E ( :AT W\LD 5ABLE HIM TO IMPROVE HIS CULTURE4 ,?IS IS :Y AGRICULTURE PROGRESSES SO SL[LY4 

,! CULTIVATOR CAN ONLY OCCASIONALLY MAKE SOME PROGRESS1 9 SOME EXCEPTIONAL REGIONS1 UND] QUITE EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 FOLL[+ UPON A QU>REL BETWE5 ! ?REE VAMPIRES4 ,& YET WE HAVE SAID NO?+ AB\T ! TRIBUTE EV]Y CULTIVATOR PAYS TO ! MANUFACTUR]4 ,EV]Y MA*9E1 EV]Y SPADE1 EV]Y B>REL ( *EMICAL MANURE1 IS SOLD TO HIM AT ?REE OR F\R TIMES ITS REAL CO/4 ,NOR LET US =GET ! MIDDLEMAN1 :O LEVIES ! LION'S %>E ( ! E>?'S PRODUCE4 

,?IS IS :Y1 DUR+ ALL ?IS C5TURY ( 9V5TION & PROGRESS1 AGRICULTURE HAS ONLY IMPROV$ FROM TIME TO TIME ON V]Y LIMIT$ >EAS4 

,HAPPILY !RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 SMALL OASES1 NEGLECT$ = SOME TIME BY ! VULTURES2 & H]E WE LE>N :AT 9T5SIVE AGRICULTURE CAN PRODUCE = MANK9D4 ,LET US M5TION A FEW EXAMPLES4 

,9 ! ,AM]ICAN PRAIRIES 7:I*1 H[EV]1 ONLY YIELD MEAG] SPR+ :EAT CROPS1 FROM #g TO #ae BU%ELS AN ACRE1 & EV5 !SE >E (T5 M>R$ BY  P]IODICAL DR\<TS71 #e M51 WORK+ ONLY DUR+ EI<T MON?S1 PRODUCE ! ANNUAL FOOD ( #e1 PEOPLE4 ,) ALL ! IMPROVEM5TS ( ! LA/ FEW YE>S1 ONE MAN'S YE>LY LABOR 7#c DAYS7 YIELDS1 DELIV]$ 9 ,*ICAGO AS FL\R1 ! YE>LY FOOD ( #be M54 ,H]E ! RESULT IS OBTA9$ BY A GREAT ECONOMY 9 MANUAL LABOR3 ON ?OSE VA/ PLA9S1 :I* ! EYE CANNOT 5COMPASS1 PL[+1 H>VE/+1 ?RA%+1 >E ORGANIZ$ 9 ALMO/ MILIT>Y FA%ION4 ,!RE IS NO USELESS RUNN+ TO & FRO1 NO LOSS ( TIME--ALL IS DONE ) P>ADE-LIKE PRECISION4 

,?IS IS AGRICULTURE ON A L>GE SCALE--EXT5SIVE AGRICULTURE1 :I* TAKES ! SOIL FROM NATURE )\T SEEK+ TO IMPROVE IT4 ,:5 ! E>? HAS YIELD$ AIL IT CAN1 !Y LEAVE IT2 !Y SEEK ELSE:]E = A VIRG9 SOIL1 TO BE EXHAU/$ 9 ITS TURN4 ,BUT !RE IS ALSO 09T5SIVE0 AGRICULTURE1 :I* IS ALREADY WORK$1 & WILL BE MORE & MORE SO1 BY MA*9]Y4 ,ITS OBJECT IS TO CULTIVATE A LIMIT$ SPACE WELL1 TO MANURE1 TO IMPROVE1 TO CONC5TRATE WORK1 & TO OBTA9 ! L>GE/ CROP POSSIBLE4 ,?IS K9D ( CULTURE SPREADS EV]Y YE>1 & :]EAS AGRICULTURI/S 9 ! S\? ( ,FRANCE & ON ! F]TILE PLA9S ( ,WE/]N ,AM]ICA >E CONT5T ) AN AV]AGE CROP ( #aa TO #ae BU%ELS P] ACRE BY EXT5SIVE CULTURE1 !Y REAP REGUL>LY #ci EV5 #e#e1 & SOMETIMES #f BU%ELS P] ACRE 9 ! NOR? ( ,FRANCE4 ,! ANNUAL CONSUMPTION ( A MAN IS ?US OBTA9$ FROM LESS ?AN A QU>T] ( AN ACRE4 

,& ! MORE 9T5SE ! CULTURE IS1 ! LESS WORK IS EXP5D$ TO OBTA9 A BU%EL ( :EAT4  ,MA*9]Y REPLACES MAN AT ! PRELIM9>Y WORK & = ! IMPROVEM5TS NE$$ BY ! L&--SU* AS DRA9+1 CLE>+ ( /ONES--:I* WILL D\BLE ! CROPS 9 FUTURE1 ONCE & = EV]4 ,SOMETIMES NO?+ BUT KEEP+ ! SOIL FREE ( WE$S )\T MANUR+1 ALL[S AN AV]AGE SOIL TO YIELD EXCELL5T CROPS FROM YE> TO YE>4 ,IT HAS BE5 DONE = TW5TY YE>S 9 SUCCESSION AT ,RO?AM/EAD1 9 ,H]T=D%IRE4 

,LET US NOT WRITE AN AGRICULTURAL ROMANCE1 BUT BE SATISFI$ ) A CROP ( #dd BU%ELS P] ACRE4 ,?AT NE$S NO EXCEPTIONAL SOIL1 BUT M]ELY A RATIONAL CULTURE2 & LET US SEE :AT IT MEANS4 

,! #c1#f1 9DIVIDUALS :O 9HABIT ! TWO DEP>TM5TS ( ,SE9E & ,SE9E-ET-,OISE CONSUME YE>LY = !IR FOOD A LITTLE LESS ?AN #bb MILLION BU%ELS ( C]EALS1 *IEFLY :EAT2 & 9 \R HYPO!SIS !Y W\LD HAVE TO CULTIVATE1 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 ?IS CROP1 #d#i#d1#b ACRES \T ( ! #a1#e#g1#c ACRES :I* !Y POSSESS4 ,IT IS EVID5T !Y W\LD NOT CULTIVATE !M ) SPADES4 ,?AT W\LD NE$ TOO MU* TIME--#i#f WORK-DAYS ( #e H\RS P] ACRE4 ,IT W\LD BE PREF]ABLE TO IMPROVE ! SOIL ONCE = ALL--TO DRA9 :AT NE$$ TO BE DRA9$ TO LEVEL :AT NE$$ LEVEL+1 TO CLE> ! SOIL ( /ONES1 W]E IT EV5 NECESS>Y TO SP5D #e MILLION DAYS ( #e H\RS 9 ?IS PREP>ATORY WORK--AN AV]AGE ( #a WORK-DAYS TO EA* ACRE4 

,!N !Y W\LD PL[ ) ! /EAM-DIGG]1 :I* W\LD TAKE ONE & ?REE-FIF?S ( A DAY P] ACRE1 & !Y W\LD GIVE ANO!R ONE & ?REE-FIF?S ( A DAY = WORK+ ) ! D\BLE  PL[4 ,SE$S W\LD BE SORT$ BY /EAM 9/EAD ( TAK5 HAPHAZ>D1 & !Y W\LD BE C>EFULLY S[N 9 R[S 9/EAD ( BE+ ?R[N TO ! F\R W9DS4 ,N[ ALL ?IS WORK W\LD NOT TAKE #a DAYS ( #e H\RS P] ACRE IF ! WORK W]E DONE UND] GOOD CONDITIONS4 ,BUT IF #a MILLION WORK-DAYS >E GIV5 TO GOOD CULTURE DUR+ #c OR #d YE>S1 ! RESULT WILL BE LAT] ON CROPS ( #dd TO #ee BU%ELS P] ACRE BY ONLY WORK+ HALF ! TIME4 

,FIFTE5 MILLION WORK-DAYS WILL HAVE ?US BE5 SP5T TO GIVE BREAD TO A POPULATION ( #c1#f1 9HABITANTS4 ,& ! WORK W\LD BE SU* ?AT EA* C\LD DO IT )\T HAV+ MUSCLES ( /EEL1 OR )\T HAV+ EV5 WORK$ ! GR\ND BE=E4 ,! 9ITIATIVE & ! G5]AL DI/RIBUTION ( WORK W\LD COME FROM ?OSE :O KN[ ! SOIL4 ,AS TO ! WORK ITSELF1 !RE IS NO T[NSMAN ( EI!R SEX SO 5FEEBL$ AS TO BE 9CAPABLE ( LOOK+ AFT] MA*9ES & ( CONTRIBUT+ HIS %>E TO AGR>IAN WORK AFT] A FEW H\RS' APPR5TICE%IP4 

,WELL1 :5 WE CONSID] ?AT 9 ! PRES5T *AOS !RE >E1 9 A CITY LIKE ,P>IS1 )\T C\NT+ ! UNEMPLOY$ ( ! UPP] CLASSES1 AB\T #a1 M5 \T ( WORK 9 !IR SEV]AL TRADES1 WE SEE ?AT ! P[] LO/ 9 \R PRES5T ORGANIZATION W\LD ALONE SUFFICE TO GIVE1 ) A RATIONAL CULTURE1 BREAD NECESS>Y TO ! ?REE OR F\R MILLION 9HABITANTS ( ! TWO DEP>TM5TS4 

,WE REPEAT1 ?IS IS NO FANCY DREAM1 & WE HAVE NOT SPOK5 ( ! TRULY 9T5SIVE AGRICULTURE4 ,WE HAVE NOT DEP5D$ UPON ! :EAT 7OBTA9$ 9 ?REE YE>S BY ,MR4 ,HALLETT7 ( :I* ONE GRA91 

 REPLANT$1 PRODUC$ #e OR #f1 & OCCASIONALLY #a1 GRA9S1 :I* W\LD GIVE ! :EAT NECESS>Y = A FAMILY ( FIVE 9DIVIDUALS ON AN >EA ( #ab SQU>E Y>DS4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 WE HAVE ONLY M5TION$ :AT HAS BE5 ALREADY A*IEV$ BY NUM]\S F>M]S 9 ,FRANCE1 ,5GL&1 ,BELGIUM1 ETC41 & :AT MI<T BE DONE TO-MORR[ ) ! EXP]I5CE & KN[L$GE ACQUIR$ ALREADY BY PRACTICE ON A L>GE SCALE4 

,BUT )\T A REVOLUTION1 NEI!R TO-MORR[1 NOR AFT] TO-MORR[ WILL SEE IT DONE1 BECAUSE IT IS NOT TO ! 9T]E/ ( L&[N]S & CAPITALI/S2 & BECAUSE PEASANTS :O W\LD F9D !IR PR(IT 9 IT HAVE NEI!R ! KN[L$GE NOR ! MONEY1 NOR ! TIME TO OBTA9 :AT IS NECESS>Y TO GO AHEAD4 

,! PRES5T SOCIETY HAS NOT YET REA*$ ?IS /AGE4 ,BUT LET ,P>ISIANS PROCLAIM AN ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNE1 & !Y WILL ( NECESSITY COME TO IT1 BECAUSE !Y WILL NOT BE FOOLI% 5\< TO CONT9UE MAK+ LUXURI\S TOYS 7:I* ,VI5NA1 ,W>SAW1 & ,B]L9 MAKE AS WELL ALREADY7 & TO RUN ! RISK ( BE+ LEFT )\T BREAD4 

,MOREOV]1 AGRICULTURAL WORK1 BY ! HELP ( MA*9]Y1 W\LD SOON BECOME ! MO/ ATTRACTIVE & ! MO/ JOYFUL ( ALL OCCUPATIONS4 

0,WE HAVE HAD 5\< JEWELRY & 5\< DOLLS' CLO!S10 !Y W\LD SAY2 0IT IS HI< TIME = ! WORK]S TO RECRUIT !IR /R5G? 9 AGRICULTURE1 TO GO 9 SE>* ( VIGOR1 ( IMPRESSIONS ( NATURE1 ( ! JOY ( LIFE1 ?AT !Y HAVE =GOTT5 9 ! D>K FACTORIES ( ! SUBURBS40 

,9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES IT WAS ,ALP9E PA/URE L&S1  

RA!R ?AN GUNS1 :I* ALL[$ ! ,SWISS TO %AKE (F LORDS & K+S4 ,MOD]N AGRICULTURE WILL ALL[ A CITY 9 REVOLT TO FREE ITSELF FROM ! COMB9$ B\RGEOIS =CES4 

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,WE HAVE SE5 H[ ! #c #a_/#b  MILLION 9HABITANTS ( ! TWO DEP>TM5TS R\ND ,P>IS C\LD F9D AMPLE BREAD BY CULTIVAT+ ONLY A ?IRD ( !IR T]RITORY4 ,LET US N[ PASS ON TO CATTLE4 

,5GLI%M51 :O EAT MU* MEAT1 CONSUME ON AN AV]AGE A LITTLE LESS ?AN #bb LB4 A YE> P] ADULT4 ,SUPPOS+ ALL MEATS CONSUM$ W]E OX51 ?AT MAKES A LITTLE LESS ?AN ! ?IRD ( AN OX4 ,AN OX A YE> = #e 9DIVIDUALS 79CLUD+ *ILDR57 IS ALREADY A SUFFICI5T RATION4 ,= #c #a_/#b  MILLION 9HABITANTS ?IS W\LD MAKE AN ANNUAL CONSUMPTION ( #g1 HEAD ( CATTLE4 

,TO-DAY1 ) ! PA/URE SY/EM1 WE NE$ AT LEA/ #e MILLION ACRES TO N\RI% #f#f1 HEAD ( CATTLE4 ,?IS MAKES #i ACRES P] EA* HEAD ( HORN$ CATTLE4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ) PRAIRIES MOD]ATELY WAT]$ BY SPR+ WAT] 7AS REC5TLY DONE ON ?\S&S ( ACRES 9 ! S\?-WE/ ( ,FRANCE71 #a #a_/#d  MILLION ACRES ALREADY SUFFICE4 ,BUT IF 9T5SIVE CULTURE IS PRACTIC$1 & BEETROOT IS GR[N = FODD]1 Y\ ONLY NE$ A QU>T] ( ?AT >EA1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 AB\T #c#a1 ACRES4 ,& IF WE HAVE REC\RSE TO MAIZE & PRACTICE 5SILAGE 7! COMPRESSION ( FODD] :ILE GRE57 LIKE ,>ABS1 WE OBTA9 FODD] ON AN >EA ( #b#a#g1#e ACRES4 

,9 ! 5VIRONS ( ,MILAN1 :]E SEW] WAT] IS 

 US$ TO IRRIGATE ! FIELDS1 FODD] = #b TO #c HORN$ CATTLE P] EA* ACRE IS OBTA9$ ON AN >EA ( #b#b1 ACRES2 & ON A FEW FAVOR$ FIELDS1 UP TO #agg TONS ( HAY TO ! #a ACRES HAVE BE5 CROPP$1 ! YE>LY PROV5D] ( #cf MIL* C[S4 ,NE>LY N9E ACRES P] HEAD ( CATTLE >E NE$$ UND] ! PA/URE SY/EM1 & ONLY #b #a_/#b  ACRES = #i OX5 OR C[S UND] ! NEW SY/EM4 ,!SE >E ! OPPOSITE EXTREMES 9 MOD]N AGRICULTURE4 

,9 ,GU]NSEY1 ON A TOTAL ( #i1#h#h#d ACRES UTILIZ$1 NE>LY HALF 7#d1#f#i#e ACRES7 >E COV]$ ) C]EALS & KIT*5-G>D5S2 ONLY #e1#a#h#i ACRES REMA9 AS MEAD[S4 ,ON !SE #e1#a#h#i ACRES1 #a1#d#h HORSES1 #g1#b#f HEAD ( CATTLE1 #i %EEP1 & #d1#b PIGS >E F$1 :I* MAKES MORE ?AN #c HEAD ( CATTLE P] #b ACRES1 )\T RECKON+ ! %EEP OR ! PIGS4 ,IT IS NE$LESS TO ADD ?AT ! F]TILITY ( ! SOIL IS MADE BY SEAWE$ & *EMICAL MANURES4 

,RETURN+ TO \R #c #a_/#b  MILLION 9HABITANTS BELONG+ TO ,P>IS & ITS 5VIRONS1 WE SEE ?AT ! L& NECESS>Y = ! RE>+ ( CATTLE COMES D[N FROM #e MILLION ACRES TO #a#i#g14 ,WELL1 !N1 LET US NOT /OP AT ! L[E/ FIGURES1 LET US TAKE ?OSE ( ORD9>Y 9T5SIVE CULTURE2 LET US LIB]ALLY ADD TO ! L& NECESS>Y = SMALL] CATTLE :I* MU/ REPLACE SOME ( ! HORN$ BEA/S & ALL[ #c#i#e1 ACRES = ! RE>+ ( CATTLE--#d#i#d1 IF Y\ LIKE1 ON ! #a1#a#c1 ACRES REMA9+ AFT] BREAD HAS BE5 PROVID$ = ! PEOPLE4 

,LET US BE G5]\S & GIVE #e MILLION WORK-DAYS TO PUT ?IS L&9TO A PRODUCTIVE /ATE4 

,AFT] HAV+ !RE=E EMPLOY$ 9 ! C\RSE  ( A YE> #b MILLION WORK-DAYS1 HALF ( :I* >E = P]MAN5T IMPROVEM5TS1 WE %ALL HAVE BREAD & MEAT ASSUR$ TO US1 )\T 9CLUD+ ALL ! EXTRA MEAT OBTA9ABLE 9 ! %APE ( F[LS1 PIGS1 RABBITS1 ETC42 )\T TAK+ 9TO CONSID]ATION ?AT A POPULATION PROVID$ ) EXCELL5T VEGETABLES & FRUIT CONSUMES LESS MEAT ?AN ,5GLI%M51 :O SUPPLEM5T !IR POOR SUPPLY ( VEGETABLES BY ANIMAL FOOD4 ,N[1 H[ MU* DO #b MILLION WORK-DAYS ( #e H\RS MAKE P] 9HABITANT8 ,V]Y LITTLE 9DE$4 ,A POPULATION ( #c #a_/#b  MILLIONS MU/ HAVE AT LEA/ #a1#b1 ADULT M51 & AS MANY WOM5 CAPABLE ( WORK4 ,WELL1 !N1 TO GIVE BREAD & MEAT TO ALL1 IT W\LD NE$ ONLY #ag HALF-DAYS ( WORK A YE> P] MAN4 ,ADD #c MILLION WORK-DAYS1 OR D\BLE ?AT NUMB] IF Y\ LIKE1 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 MILK4 ,?AT WILL MAKE #be WORK-DAYS ( #e H\RS 9 ALL--NO?+ MORE ?AN A LITTLE PLEASURABLE C\NTRY EX]CISE--TO OBTA9 ! ?REE PR9CIPAL PRODUCTS BREAD1 MEAT1 & MILK4 ,! ?REE PRODUCTS :I*1 AFT] H\S+1 CAUSE DAILY ANXIETY TO N9E-T5?S ( MANK9D4 

,& YET--LET US NOT TIRE ( REPEAT+--!SE >E NOT FANCY DREAMS4 ,WE HAVE ONLY TOLD :AT IS1 :AT HAS BE51 OBTA9$ BY EXP]I5CE ON A L>GE SCALE4 ,AGRICULTURE C\LD BE REORGANIZ$ 9 ?IS WAY TO-MORR[ IF PROP]TY LAWS & G5]AL IGNORANCE DID NOT (F] OPPOSITION4 

,! DAY ,P>IS HAS UND]/OOD ?AT TO KN[ :AT Y\ EAT & H[ IT IS PRODUC$1 IS A QUE/ION ( PUBLIC 9T]E/2 ! DAY :5 EV]YBODY WILL HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT ?IS QUE/IONS IS 9F9ITELY MORE  IMPORTANT ?AN ALL ! P>LIAM5T>Y DEBATES ( ! PRES5T TIMES--ON ?AT DAY ! ,REVOLUTION WILL BE AN ACCOMPLI%$ FACT4 ,P>IS WILL TAKE POSSESSION ( ! TWO DEP>TM5TS & CULTIVATE !M4 ,& !N ! ,P>ISIAN WORK]1 AFT] HAV+ LABOR$ A ?IRD ( HIS EXI/5CE 9 ORD] TO BUY BAD & 9SUFFICI5T FOOD1 WILL PRODUCE IT HIMSELF1 UND] HIS WALLS1 )9 ! 5CLOSURE ( HIS =TS 7IF !Y /ILL EXI/71 9 A FEW H\RS ( HEAL?Y & ATTRACTIVE WORK4 

,& N[ WE PASS ON TO FRUIT & VEGETABLES4 ,LET US GO \TSIDE ,P>IS & VISIT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A M>KET-G>D5] :O ACCOMPLI%ES WOND]S 7IGNOR$ BY LE>N$ ECONOMI/S7 AT A FEW MILES FROM ! ACADEMIES4 

,LET US VISIT1 SUPPOSE1 ,M4 ,PONCE1 ! AU?OR ( A WORK ON M>KET-G>D5+1 :O MAKES NO SECRET ( :AT ! E>? YIELDS HIM1 & :O HAS PUBLI%$ IT ALL ALONG4 

,M4 ,PONCE1 & ESPECIALLY HIS WORKM51 WORK LIKE NIGG]S4 ,IT TAKES EI<T M5 TO CULTIVATE A PLOT A LITTLE LESS ?AN #c ACRES 7#b#g_/#a74 ,!Y WORK #a#b1 & EV5 #ae H\RS A DAY1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ?REE TIMES MORE ?AN IS NE$$4 ,TW5TY-F\R ( !M W\LD NOT BE TOO MANY4 ,TO :I* ,M4 ,PONCE WILL PROBABLY ANSW] ?AT AS HE PAYS ! T]RIBLE SUM ( ,G,B,P#a R5T A YE> = HIS #b#g_/#a ACRES ( L&1 & ,G,B,P#a = MANURE B\<T 9 ! B>RACKS1 HE IS OBLIG$ TO EXPLOIT4 ,HE W\LD NO D\BT ANSW]1 0,BE+ EXPLOIT$1 ,I EXPLOIT 9 MY TURN40 ,HIS 9/ALLATION HAS ALSO CO/ HIM ,G,B,P#a1#b1 ( :I* C]TA9LY MORE ?AN HALF W5T AS TRIBUTE TO ! IDLE B>ONS ( 9DU/RY4 ,9 REALITY1 

 ?IS E/ABLI%M5T REPRES5TS AT MO/ #c WORK-DAYS1 PROBABLY MU* LESS4 

,BUT LET US EXAM9E HIS CROPS3 NE>LY #a TONS ( C>ROTS1 NE>LY #a TONS ( ONIONS1 RADI%ES1 & SMALL VEGETABLES1 #f1 HEADS ( CABBAGE1 #c1 HEADS ( CAULIFL[]1 #e1 BASKETS ( TOMATOES1 #e1 DOZ5 ( *OICE FRUIT1 #a#e#d1 SALADS2 9 %ORT1 A TOTAL ( #abc TONS ( VEGETABLES & FRUIT TO #b#g_/#a ACRES--#a#b Y>DS LONG BY #ai Y>DS BROAD1 :I* MAKES MORE ?AN #dd TONS ( VEGETABLES TO ! ACRE4 

,BUT A MAN DOES NOT EAT MORE ?AN #ff LB4 ( VEGETABLES & FRUIT A YE>1 & #b #a_/#b  ACRES ( A M>KET-G>D5 YIELD 5\< VEGETABLES & FRUIT TO RI*LY SUPPLY ! TABLE ( #ce ADULTS DUR+ ! YE>4 ,?US #bd P]SONS EMPLOY$ A :OLE YE> 9 CULTIVAT+ #b#g_/#a ACRES ( L&1 & ONLY WORK+ #e H\RS A DAY1 W\LD PRODUCE SUFFICI5T VEGETABLES & FRUIT = #ce ADULTS1 :I* IS EQUIVAL5T AT LEA/ TO #e 9DIVIDUALS4 

,TO PUT IT 9 ANO!R WAY3 9 CULTIVAT+ LIKE ,M4 ,PONCE--& HIS RESULTS HAVE ALREADY BE5 SURPASS$--#c#e ADULTS %\LD EA* GIVE A LITTLE MORE ?AN #a H\RS A YE> 7#a#c7 TO PRODUCE VEGETABLES & FRUIT NECESS>Y = #e PEOPLE4 

,LET US M5TION ?AT SU* A PRODUCTION IS NOT ! EXCEPTION4 ,IT TAKES PLACE1 UND] ! WALLS ( ,P>IS1 ON AN >EA ( #bbb ACRES1 BY #e M>KET-G>D5]S4 ,ONLY !SE M>KET-G>D5]S >E R$UC$ N[ADAYS TO A /ATE ( BEA/S ( BURD51 9 ORD] TO PAY AN AV]AGE R5T ( ,G,B,P#c#b P] ACRE4 

,BUT DO NOT !SE FACTS1 :I* CAN BE V]IFI$ BY EV]Y ONE1 PROVE ?AT #a#g1#c ACRES 7( ! #e#a#i1  REMA9+ TO US7 W\LD SUFFICE TO GIVE ALL NECESS>Y VEGETABLES1 AS WELL AS A LIB]AL AM\NT ( FRUIT TO ! #c #a_/#b  MILLIONS 9HABITANTS ( \R TWO DEP>TM5TS8 

,AS TO ! QUANTITY ( WORK NECESS>Y TO PRODUCE !SE FRUITS & VEGETABLES1 IT W\LD AM\NT TO #e MILLION WORK-DAYS ( #e H\RS 7#e DAYS P] ADULT MALE71 IF WE MEASURE BY ! M>KET-G>D5]S' /&>D ( WORK4 ,BUT WE C\LD R$UCE ?IS QUANTITY IF WE HAD REC\RSE TO ! PROCESS 9 VOGUE 9 ,J]SEY & ,GU]NSEY4 ,WE MU/ ALSO REMEMB] ?AT ! ,P>IS M>KET-G>D5] IS =C$ TO WORK SO H>D BECAUSE HE MO/LY PRODUCES E>LY SEASON FRUITS1 ! HI< PRICES ( :I* HAVE TO PAY = FABUL\S R5TS1 & ?AT ?IS SY/EM ( CULTURE 5TAILS MORE WORK ?AN IS REALLY NECESS>Y4 ,! M>KET-G>D5]S ( ,P>IS1 NOT HAV+ ! MEANS TO MAKE A GREAT \TLAY ON !IR G>D5S1 & BE+ OBLIG$ TO PAY HEAVILY = GLASS1 WOOD1 IRON1 AN 

COAL1 OBTA9 !IR >TIFICIAL HEAT \T ( MANURE1 :ILE IT CAN BE HAD AT MU* LESS CO/ 9 HO?\SES4 

,I,V 

,! M>KET-G>D5]S1 WE SAY1 >E =C$ TO BECOME MA*9ES & TO R5\NCE ALL JOYS ( LIFT TO OBTA9 !IR M>VEL\S CROPS4 ,BUT !SE H>D GR9D]S HAVE R5D]$ A GREAT S]VICE TO HUMANITY 9 TEA*+ US ?AT ! SOIL CAN BE 0MADE40 ,!Y MAKE IT ) OLD HOTB$S ( MANURE1 :I* HAVE ALREADY S]V$ TO GIVE ! NECESS>Y W>M? TO Y\NG PLANTS & TO E>LY FRUIT2 & !Y MAKE IT 9 SU* GREAT QUANTITY ?AT !Y >E COMPELL$ TO 

 SELL IT 9 P>T1 O!RWISE IT W\LD RAISE ! LEVEL ( !IR G>D5S BY ONE 9* EV]Y YE>4 ,!Y DO IT SO WELL 7SO ,B>RAL TEA*ES US1 9 HIS 0,DICTION>Y ( ,AGRICULTURE10 9 AN >TICLE ON M>KET-G>D5]S7 ?AT 9 REC5T CONTRACTS1 ! M>KET-G>D5] /IPULATES ?AT HE WILL C>RY AWAY HIS SOIL ) HIM :5 HE LEAVES ! BIT ( GR\ND HE IS CULTIVAT+4 ,LOAM C>RI$ AWAY ON C>TS1 ) FURNITURE & GLASS FRAMES--?AT IS ! ANSW] ( PRACTICAL CULTIVATORS TO ! LE>N$ TREATISES ( A ,RIC>DO1 :O REPRES5T$ R5T AS A MEANS ( EQUALIZ+ ! NATURAL ADVANTAGES ( ! SOIL4 0,! SOIL IS WOR? :AT MAN IS WOR?10 ?AT IS ! G>D5]S' MOTTO4 

,& YET ! M>KET-G>D5]S ( ,P>IS & ,R\5 LABOR ?REE TIMES AS H>D TO OBTA9 ! SAME RESULTS AS !IR FELL[-WORK]S 9 ,GU]NSCY OR 9 ,5GL&4 ,APPLY+ 9DU/RY TO AGRICULTURE !SE LA/ MAKE !IR CLIMATE 9 ADDITION TO !IR SOIL1 BY MEANS ( ! GRE5H\SE4 

,FIFTY YE>S AGO ! GRE5H\SE WAS ! LUXURY ( ! RI*4 ,IT WAS KEPT TO GR[ EXOTIC PLANTS = PLEASURE4 ,BUT N[ADAYS ITS USE BEG9S TO BE G5]ALIZ$4 ,A TREM5D\S 9DU/RY HAS GR[N UP LATELY 9 ,GU]NSEY & ,J]SEY1 :]E HUNDR$S ( ACRES >E ALREADY COV]$ ) GLASS--TO SAY NO?+ ( ! C\NTLESS SMALL GRE5H\SES KEPT 9 EV]Y LITTLE F>M G>D54 ,ACRES & ACRES ( GRE5H\SES HAVE LATELY BE5 BUILT ALSO AT ,WOR?+1 9 ! SUBURBS ( ,LONDON1 & 9 SEV]AL O!R P>TS ( ,5GL& & ,SCOTL&4 

,!Y >E BUILT ( ALL QUALITIES1 BEG9N+ ) ?OSE :I* HAVE GRANITE WALLS1 D[N TO ?OSE  :I* REPRES5T M]E %ELT]S MADE 9 PLANKS & GLASS FRAMES1 :I* CO/1 EV5 N[1 ) ALL ! TRIBUTE PAID TO CAPITALI/S & MIDDLEM51 LESS ?AN #cS4 #fD4 P] SQU>E Y>D UND] GLASS4 ,MO/ ( !M >E HEAT$ = AT LEA/ ?REE OR F\R MON?S EV]Y YE>2 BUT EV5 ! COOL GRE5H\SES1 :I* >E NOT HEAT$ AT ALL1 GIVE EXCELL5T RESULTS--( C\RSE1 NOT = GR[+ GRAPES & TROPICAL PLANTS1 BUT = POTATOES1 C>ROTS1 PEAS1 TOMATOES1 & SO ON4 

,9 ?IS WAY MAN EMANCIPATES HIMSELF FROM CLIMATE1 & AT ! SAME TIME HE AVOIDS ALSO ! HEAVY WORK ) ! HOT-B$S1 & HE SAVES BO? 9 BUY+ MU* LESS MANURE & 9 WORK4 ,?REE M5 TO ! ACRE1 EA* ( !M WORK+ LESS ?AN SIXTY H\RS A WEEK1 GR[ ON V]Y SMALL SPACES :AT =M]LY REQUIR$ ACRES & ACRES ( L&4 

,! RESULT ( ALL !SE REC5T CONQUE/S ( CULTURE IS1 ?AT IF ONE HALF ONLY ( ! ADULTS ( A CITY GAVE EA* AB\T FIFTY HALF-DAYS = ! CULTURE ( ! F9E/ FRUIT & VEGETABLES \T ( SEASON1 !Y W\LD HAVE ALL ! YE> R\ND AN UNLIMIT$ SUPPLY ( ?AT SORT ( FRUIT & VEGETABLES = ! :OLE POPULATION4 

,BUT !RE IS A /ILL MORE IMPORTANT FACT TO NOTICE4 ,! GRE5H\SE HAS N[ADAYS A T5D5CY TO BECOME A M]E KIT*5 G>D5 UND] GLASS4 ,& :5 IT IS US$ TO SU* A PURPOSE1 ! SIMPLE/ PLANK-&-GLASS UNHEAT$ %ELT]S ALREADY GIVE FABUL\S CROPS--SU* AS1 = 9/ANCE1 #e BU%ELS ( POTATOES P] ACRE AS A FIR/ CROP1 READY BY ! 5D ( ,APRIL2 AFT] :I* A SECOND & A ?IRD CROP >E  OBTA9$ 9 ! EXTREMELY HI< TEMP]ATURE :I* PREVAILS 9 ! SUMM] UND] GLASS4 

,I GAVE 9 MY 0,FIELDS1 ,FACTORIES1 & ,WORK%OPS10 MO/ /RIK+ FACTS 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 ,SUFFICI5T TO SAY H]E1 ?AT AT ,J]SEY1 #cd M51 ) ONE TRA9$ G>D5] ONLY1 CULTIVATE #ac ACRES UND] GLASS1 FROM :I* !Y OBTA9 #adc TONS ( FRUIT & E>LY VEGETABLES1 US+ = ?IS EXTRAORD9>Y CULTURE LESS ?AN #a1 TONS ( COAL4 

,& ?IS IS DONE N[ 9 ,GU]NSEY & ,J]SEY ON A V]Y L>GE SCALE1 QUITE A NUMB] ( /EAM]S CON/ANTLY PLY+ BETWE5 ,GU]NSEY & ,LONDON1 ONLY TO EXPORT ! CROPS ( ! GRE5H\SES4 

,N[ADAYS1 9 ORD] TO OBTA9 ?AT SAME CROP ( #e BU%ELS ( POTATOES1 WE MU/ PL[ EV]Y YE> A SURFACE ( #d ACRES1 PLANT IT1 CULTIVATE IT1 WE$ IT1 & SO ON2 :]EAS ) ! GLASS1 EV5 IF WE %ALL HAVE TO GIVE P]HAPS1 TO />T )1 HALF A DAY'S WORK P] SQU>E Y>D 9 ORD] TO BUILD ! GRE5H\SE--WE %ALL SAVE AFT]W>DS AT LEA/ ONE-HALF1 & PROBABLY ?REE-QU>T]S ( ! =M]LY REQUIR$ YE>LY LABOR4 

,!SE >E FACTS1 RESULTS :I* EV]Y ONE CAN V]IFY HIMSELF4 ,& !SE FACTS >E ALREADY A H9T AS TO :AT MAN C\LD OBTA9 FROM ! E>? IF HE TREAT$ IT ) 9TELLIG5CE4 

,V 

,9 ALL ! ABOVE WE HAVE REASON$ UPON :AT ALREADY )/OOD ! TE/ ( EXP]I5CE4 ,9T5SIVE CULTURE ( ! FIELDS1 IRRIGAT$ MEAD[S1 ! HO?\SE1 & F9ALLY ! KIT*5 G>D5 UND] 

 GLASS >E REALITIES4 ,MOREOV]1 ! T5D5CY IS TO EXT5D & TO G5]ALIZE !SE ME?ODS ( CULTURE1 BECAUSE !Y ALL[ ( OBTA9+ MORE PRODUCE ) LESS WORK & ) MORE C]TA9TY4 

,9 FACT1 AFT] HAV+ /UDI$ ! MO/ SIMPLE GLASS %ELT]S ( ,GU]NSEY1 WE AFFIRM ?AT1 TAK+ ALL 9 ALL1 F> LESS WORK IS EXP5D$ = OBTA9+ POTATOES UND] GLASS 9 ,APRIL1 ?AN 9 GR[+ !M 9 ! OP5 AIR1 :I* REQUIRES DIGG+ A SPACE F\R TIMES AS L>GE1 WAT]+ IT1 WE$+ IT1 ETC4 ,WORK IS LIKEWISE ECONOMIZ$ 9 EMPLOY+ A P]FECT$ TOOL OR MA*9E1 EV5 :5 AN 9ITIAL EXP5SE HAD TO BE 9CURR$ TO BUY ! TOOL4 

,COMPLETE FIGURES CONC]N+ ! CULTURE ( COMMON VEGETABLES UND] GLASS >E /ILL WANT+4 ,?IS CULTURE IS ( REC5T ORIG91 & IS ONLY C>RI$ \T ON SMALL >EAS4 ,BUT WE HAVE ALREADY FIGURES CONC]N+ ! FIFTY YE>S OLD CULTURE ( E>LY SEASON GRAPES1 & !SE FIGURES >E CONCLUSIVE4 

,9 ! NOR? ( ,5GL&1 ON ! ,SCOT* FRONTI]1 :]E COAL ONLY CO/S #cS4 A TON AT ! PIT'S M\?1 !Y HAVE LONG S9CE TAK5 TO GR[+ HO?\SE GRAPES4 ,?IRTY YE>S AGO !SE GRAPES1 RIPE 9 ,JANU>Y1 W]E SOLD BY ! GR[] AT #bS4 P] LB4 & RESOLD AT #dS4 P] LB4 = ,NAPOLEON ,I,I,I'S TABLE4 ,TO-DAY ! SAME GR[] SELLS !M AT ONLY #bS4 #fD4 P] LB4 ,HE TELLS US SO HIMSELF 9 A HORTICULTURAL J\RNAL4 ,! FALL IS CAUS$ BY TONS & TONS ( GRAPES >RIV+ 9 ,JANU>Y TO ,LONDON & ,P>IS4 

,?ANKS TO ! *EAPNESS ( COAL & AN 9TELLIG5T CULTURE1 GRAPES FROM ! NOR? TRAVEL N[ S\?W>DS1 9 A CONTR>Y DIRECTION TO ORD9>Y  FRUIT4 ,!Y CO/ SO LITTLE ?AT 9 ,MAY1 ,5GLI% & ,J]SEY GRAPES >E SOLD AT #aS4 #hD4 P] LB4 BY ! G>D5]S1 & YET ?IS PRICE1 LIKE ?AT ( #dS4 ?IRTY YE>S AGO1 IS ONLY KEPT UP BY SLACK PRODUCTION4 

,9 ,M>*1 ,BELGIUM GRAPES >E SOLD AT FROM #fD4 TO #hD41 :ILE 9 ,OCTOB]1 GRAPES CULTIVAT$ 9 IMM5SE QUANTITIES--UND] GLASS1 & ) A LITTLE >TIFICIAL HEAT+ 9 ! 5VIRONS ( ,LONDON-->E SOLD AT ! SAME PRICE AS GRAPES B\<T BY ! P\ND 9 ! V9EY>DS ( ,SWITZ]L& & ! ,RH9E1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 = A FEW HALFP5CE4 ,YET !Y /ILL CO/ TWO-?IRDS TOO MU*1 BY REASON ( ! EXCESSIVE R5T ( ! SOIL & ! CO/ ( 9/ALLATION & HEAT+1 ON :I* ! G>D5] PAYS A =MIDABLE TRIBUTE TO ! MANUFACTUR] & MIDDLEMAN4 ,?IS BE+ UND]/OOD1 WE MAY SAY ?AT IT CO/S 0NEXT TO NO?+0 TO HAVE DELICI\S GRAPES UND] ! LATITUDE (1 & 9 \R MI/Y ,LONDON 9 AUTUMN4 ,9 ONE ( ! SUBURBS1 = 9/ANCE1 A WRET*$ GLASS & PLA/] %ELT]1 #i FT4 #a 94 LONG BY #f #a_/#b  FT4 WIDE1 RE/+ AGA9/ \R COTTAGE1 GAVE US AB\T FIFTY P\NDS ( GRAPES ( AN EXQUISITE TA/E 9 ,OCTOB]1 = N9E CONSECUTIVE YE>S4 ,! CROP CAME FROM A ,HAMBURG V9E-/ALK1 SIX YE>S OLD4 ,& ! %ELT] WAS SO BAD ?AT ! RA9 CAME ?R\<4 ,AT NI<T ! TEMP]ATURE WAS ALWAYS ?AT ( \TSIDE4 ,IT WAS EVID5TLY NOT HEAT$1 = ?AT W\LD BE AS USELESS AS TO HEAT ! /REET6 ,& ! C>ES TO BE GIV5 W]E3 PRUN+ ! V9E HALF AN H\R EV]Y YE>2 & BR++ A :EELB>R[FUL ( MANURE1 :I* IS ?R[N OV] ! /ALK ( ! V9E1 PLANT$ 9 R$ CLAY \TSIDE ! %ELT]4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 IF WE E/IMATE ! AM\NT ( C>E GIV5 TO ! V9E ON ! BORD]S ( ! ,RH9E OR ,LAKE ,LEMAN1 ! T]RACES CON/RUCT$ /ONE UPON /ONE ON ! SLOPES ( ! HILLS1 ! TRANSPORT ( MANURE & ALSO ( E>? TO A HEI<T ( TWO OR ?REE HUNDR$ FEET1 WE COME TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ON ! :OLE ! EXP5DITURE ( WORK NECESS>Y TO CULTIVATE V9ES IS MORE CONSID]ABLE 9 ,SWITZ]L& OR ON ! BANKS ( ! ,RH9E ?AN IT IS UND] GLASS 9 ,LONDON SUBURBS4 

,?IS MAY SEEM P>ADOXICAL1 BECAUSE IT IS G5]ALLY BELIEV$ ?AT V9ES GR[ ( !MSELVES 9 ! S\? ( ,EUROPE1 & ?AT ! V9EGR[]'S WORK CO/S NO?+4 ,BUT G>D5]S & HORTICULTURI/S1 F> FROM CONTRADICT+ US1 CONFIRM \R ASS]TIONS4 0,! MO/ ADVANTAGE\S CULTURE 9 ,5GL& IS V9E CULTURE10 WROTE A PRACTICAL G>D5]1 $ITOR ( ! 0,5GLI% ,J\RNAL ( ,HORTICULTURE40 ,PRICES SPEAK ELOQU5TLY = !MSELVES1 AS WE KN[4 

,TRANSLAT+ !SE FACTS 9TO COMMUNI/ LANGUAGE1 WE MAY ASS]T ?AT ! MAN OR WOMAN :O TAKES TW5TY H\RS A YE> FROM HIS LEISURE TIME TO GIVE SOME LITTLE C>E--V]Y PLEASANT 9 ! MA9--TO TWO OR ?REE V9E-/ALKS %ELT]$ BY SIMPLE GLASS UND] ANY ,EUROPEAN CLIMATE1 WILL GA!R AS MANY GRAPES AS !IR FAMILY & FRI5DS CAN EAT4 ,& ?AT APPLIES NOT ONLY TO V9ES1 BUT TO ALL FRUIT TREES4 

,! ,COMMUNE ?AT WILL PUT ! PROCESSES ( 9T5SIVE CULTURE 9TO PRACTICE ON A L>GE SCALE WILL HAVE ALL POSSIBLE VEGETABLES1 9DIG5\S OR EXOTIC1 & ALL DESIRABLE FRUITS1 )\T EMPLOY+ MORE ?AN AB\T T5 H\RS A YE> P] 9HABITANT4 

,9 FACT1 NO?+ W\LD BE EASI] ?AN TO V]IFY ! ABOVE /ATEM5TS BY DIRECT EXP]IM5T4 ,SUPPOSE #a ACRES ( A LI<T LOAM 7SU* AS WE HAVE AT ,WOR?+7 >E TRANS=M$ 9TO A NUMB] ( M>KET G>D5S1 EA* ONE ) ITS GLASS H\SES = ! RE>+ ( ! SE$L+S & Y\NG PLANTS4 ,SUPPOSE ALSO ?AT #e MORE ACRES >E COV]$ ) GLASS1 H\SES1 & ! ORGANIZATION ( ! :OLE IS LEFT TO PRACTICAL EXP]I5C$ ,FR5* M>AI*]S1 & ,GU]NSEY OR ,WOR?+ GRE5H\SE G>D5]S4 

,9 BAS+ ! MA9T5ANCE ( !SE #ae ACRES ON ! ,J]SEY AV]AGE1 REQUIR+ ! WORK ( ?REE M5 P] ACRE UND] GLASS--:I* MAKES LESS ?AN #h1#f H\RS ( WORK A YE>--IT W\LD NE$ AB\T #a1#c1 H\RS = ! #ae ACRES4 ,FIFTY COMPET5T G>D5]S C\LD GIVE FIVE H\RS A DAY TO ?IS WORK1 & ! RE/ W\LD BE SIMPLY DONE BY PEOPLE :O1 )\T BE+ G>D5]S BY PR(ESSION1 W\LD SOON LE>N H[ TO USE A SPADE1 & TO H&LE ! PLANTS4 ,BUT ?IS WORK W\LD YIELD AT LEA/--WE HAVE SE5 IT 9 A PREC$+ *APT]--ALL NECESS>IES & >TICLES ( LUXURY 9 ! WAY ( FRUIT & VEGETABLES = AT LEA/ #d1 OR #e1 PEOPLE4 ,LET US ADMIT ?AT AMONG ?IS NUMB] !RE >E #a#c1#e ADULTS1 WILL+ TO WORK AT ! KIT*5-G>D52 !N1 EA* ONE W\LD HAVE TO GIVE #a H\RS A YE> DI/RIBUT$ OV] ! :OLE YE>4 ,!SE H\RS ( WORK W\LD BECOME H\RS ( RECREATION SP5T AMONG FRI5DS & *ILDR5 9 BEAUTIFUL G>D5S1 MORE BEAUTIFUL PROBABLY ?AN ?OSE ( ! LEG5D>Y ,SEMIRAMIS4 

,?IS IS ! BALANCE %EET ( ! LABOR TO BE SP5T 

 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO EAT TO SATIETY FRUIT :I* WE >E DEPRIV$ ( TO-DAY1 & TO HAVE VEGETABLES 9 ABUNDANCE1 N[ SO SCRUPUL\SLY RATION$ \T BY ! H\SEWIFE1 :5 %E HAS TO RECKON EA* HALFP5NY :I* MU/ GO TO 5RI* CAPITALI/S & L&[N]S 7#b74 

,IF ONLY HUMANITY HAD ! CONSCI\SNESS ( :AT IT ,C,A,N1 & IF ?AT CONSCI\SNESS ONLY GAVE IT ! P[] TO WILL6 

,IF IT ONLY KNEW ?AT C[>DICE ( ! SPIRIT IS ! ROCK ON :I* ALL REVOLUTIONS HAVE /R&$ UNTIL N[4 

,V,I 

,WE CAN EASILY P]CEIVE ! NEW HORIZONS OP5+ BE=E ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,EA* TIME WE SPEAK ( REVOLUTION ! WORK] :O HAS SE5 *ILDR5 WANT+ FOOD L[]S HIS BR[ & REPEATS OB/9ATELY--0,:AT ( BREAD8 ,WILL !RE BE SUFFICI5T IF EV]YONE EATS ACCORD+ TO HIS APPETITE8 ,:AT IF ! PEASANTS1 IGNORANT TOOLS ( REACTION1 />VE \R T[NS AS ! BLACK B&S DID 9 ,FRANCE 9 #a#g#i#c--:AT %ALL WE DO80 

,LET !M DO !IR WOR/6 ,! L>GE CITIES WILL HAVE TO DO )\T !M4 

,AT :AT1 !N1 %\LD ! HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( WORK]S1 :O >E ASPHYXIAT$ TO-DAY 9 SMALL WORK%OPS & FACTORIES1 BE EMPLOY$ ON ! DAY !Y REGA9 !IR LIB]TY8 ,WILL !Y CONT9UE LOCK+ !MSELVES UP 9 FACTORIES AFT] ! ,REVOLUTION8 ,WILL !Y CONT9UE TO MAKE LUXURI\S TOYS = EXPORT :5 !Y SEE !IR /OCK ( CORN GETT+  EXHAU/$1 MEAT BECOM+ SC>CE1 & VEGETABLES DISAPPE>+ )\T BE+ REPLAC$8 

,EVID5TLY NOT6 ,!Y WILL LEAVE ! T[N & GO 9TO ! FIELDS6 ,AID$ BY A MA*9]Y :I* WILL 5ABLE ! WEAKE/ ( US TO PUT A %\LD] TO ! :EEL1 !Y WILL C>RY REVOLUTION 9TO PREVI\SLY 5SLAV$ CULTURE AS !Y WILL HAVE C>RI$ IT 9TO 9/ITUTIONS & IDEAS4 

,HUNDR$S ( ACRES WILL BE COV]$ ) GLASS1 & M51 & WOM5 ) DELICATE F+]S1 WILL FO/] ! GR[? ( Y\NG PLANTS4 ,HUNDR$S ( O!R ACRES WILL BE PL[$ BY /EAM1 IMPROV$ BY MANURES1 OR 5RI*$ BY >TIFICIAL SOIL OBTA9$ BY ! PULV]IZATION ( ROCKS4 ,HAPPY CR[DS ( OCCASIONAL LABOR]S WILL COV] !SE ACRES ) CROPS1 GUID$ 9 ! WORK & EXP]IM5TS P>TLY BY ?OSE :O KN[ AGRICULTURE1 BUT ESPECIALLY BY ! GREAT & PRACTICAL SPIRIT ( A PEOPLE R\S$ FROM LONG SLUMB] & ILLUM9$ BY ?AT BRI<T BEACON--! HAPP9ESS ( ALL4 

,& 9 TWO OR ?REE MON?S ! E>LY CROPS WILL RELIEVE ! MO/ PRESS+ WANTS1 & PROVIDE FOOD = A PEOPLE :O1 AFT] SO MANY C5TURIES ( EXPECTATION1 WILL AT LEA/ BE ABLE TO APPEASE !IR HUNG] & EAT ACCORD+ TO !IR APPETITE4 

,9 ! MEAN:ILE1 POPUL> G5IUS1 ! G5IUS ( A NATION :I* REVOLTS & KN[S ITS WANTS1 WILL WORK AT EXP]IM5T+ ) NEW PROCESSES ( CULTURE ?AT WE ALREADY CAT* A GLIMPSE (1 & ?AT ONLY NE$ ! BAPTISM ( EXP]I5CE TO BECOME UNIV]SAL4 ,LI<T WILL BE EXP]IM5T$ )--?AT UNKN[N AG5T ( CULTURE :I* MAKES B>LEY RIP5 9  =TY-FIVE DAYS UND] ! LATITUDE ( ,YAKUTSK2 LI<T1 CONC5TRAT$ OR >TIFICIAL1 WILL RIVAL HEAT 9 HA/5+ ! GR[? ( PLANTS4 ,A ,M\*OT ( ! FUTURE WILL 9V5T A MA*9E TO GUIDE ! RAYS ( ! SUN & MAKE !M WORK1 SO ?AT WE %ALL NO LONG] SEEK SUN-HEAT /OR$ 9 COAL 9 ! DEP?S ( ! E>?4 ,!Y WILL EXP]IM5T ! WAT]+ ( ! SOIL ) CULTURES ( MICRO-ORGANISMS--A RATIONAL IDEA1 CONCEIV$ BUT YE/]DAY1 :I* WILL P]MIT US TO GIVE TO ! SOIL ?OSE LITTLE LIV+ BE+S1 NECESS>Y TO FE$ ! ROOTLESS1 TO DECOMPOSE & ASSIMILATE ! COMPON5T P>TS ( ! SOIL4 

,!Y WILL EXP]IM5T4444 ,BUT LET US /OP H]E OR WE %ALL 5T] 9TO ! REALM ( FANCY4 ,LET US REMA9 9 ! REALITY ( ACQUIR$ FACTS4 ,) ! PROCESSES ( CULTURE 9 USE1 APPLI$ ON A L>GE SCALE1 & ALREADY VICTORI\S 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ 9DU/RIAL COMPETITION1 WE CAN GIVE \RSELVES EASE & LUXURY 9 RETURN = AGREEABLE WORK4 ,! NE> FUTURE WILL %[ :AT IS PRACTICAL 9 ! PROCESSES ?AT REC5T SCI5TIFIC DISCOV]IES GIVE US A GLIMPSE (4 ,LET US LIMIT \RSELVES AT PRES5T TO OP5+ UP ! NEW PA? ?AT CONSI/S 9 ! /UDY ( ! NE$S ( MAN1 & ! MEANS ( SATISFY+ !M4 

,! ONLY ?+ ?AT MAY BE WANT+ TO ! ,REVOLUTION IS ! BOLDNESS ( 9ITIATIVE4 

,) \R M9DS ALREADY N>R[$ 9 \R Y\?1 5SLAV$ BY ! PA/ 9 \R MATURE AGE & TILL ! GRAVE1 WE H>DLY D>E TO ?9K4 ,IF A NEW IDEA IS M5TION$--BE=E V5TUR+ ON AN OP9ION ( \R [N1 WE CONSULT MU/Y BOOKS A HUNDR$ YE>S OLD1 TO KN[ :AT ANCI5T MA/]S ?\<T ON ! SUBJECT4 

,IT IS NOT FOOD ?AT WILL FAIL1 IF BOLDNESS ( ?\<T & 9ITIATIVE >E NOT WANT+ TO ! REVOLUTION4 

,( ALL ! GREAT DAYS ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL1 ! GREATE/1 WAS ! ONE ON :I* DELEGATES :O HAD COME FROM ALL P>TS ( ,FRANCE TO ,P>IS1 WORK$ ALL ) ! SPADE TO PLANE ! GR\ND ( ! ,*AMP DE ,M>S1 PREP>+ IT = ! FETE ( ! ,F$]ATION4 

,?AT DAY ,FRANCE WAS UNIT$3 ANIMAT$ BY ! NEW SPIRIT1 %E HAD A VISION ( ! FUTURE 9 ! WORK+ 9 COMMON ( ! SOIL4 

,& IT WILL AGA9 BE BY ! WORK+ 9 COMMON ( ! SOIL ?AT ! 5FRAN*IZ$ SOCIETIES WILL F9D !IR UNITY & WILL OBLIT]ATE HATR$ & OPPRESSION :I* HAD DIVID$ !M4 

,H5CE=?1 ABLE TO CONCEIVE SOLID>ITY--?AT IMM5SE P[] :I* 9CREASES MAN'S 5]GY & CREATIVE =CES A HUNDR$FOLD--! NEW SOCIETY WILL M>* TO ! CONQUE/ ( ! FUTURE ) ALL ! VIGOR ( Y\?4 

,LEAV+ (F PRODUCTION = UNKN[N BUY]S1 & LOOK+ 9 ITS MID/ = NE$S & TA/ES TO BE SATISFI$1 SOCIETY WILL LIB]ALLY ASSURE ! LIFE & EASE ( EA* ( ITS MEMB]S1 AS WELL AS ?AT MORAL SATISFACTION :I* WORK GIVES :5 FREELY *OS5 & FREELY ACCOMPLI%$1 & ! JOY ( LIV+ )\T 5CROA*+ ON ! LIFE ( O!RS4 

,9SPIR$ BY A NEW D>+--?ANKS TO ! S5TIM5T ( SOLID>ITY--ALL WILL M>* TOGE!R TO ! CONQUE/ ( ! HI< JOYS ( KN[L$GE & >TI/IC CREATION4 

,A SOCIETY ?US 9SPIR$ WILL FE> NEI!R DISS5SIONS )9 NOR 5EMIES )\T4 ,TO ! COALITIONS ( ! PA/ IT WILL OPPOSE A NEW H>MONY1 ! 9ITIATIVE ( EA* & ALL1 ! D>+ :I* SPR+S FROM ! AWAK5+ ( A PEOPLE'S G5IUS4 

,BE=E SU* AN IRRESI/IBLE =CE 0CONSPIR+ K+S0 WILL BE P[]LESS4 ,NO?+ WILL REMA9 = !M BUT TO B[ BE=E IT1 & TO H>NESS !MSELVES TO ! *>IOT ( HUMANITY1 ROLL+ T[>DS NEW HORIZONS OP5$ UP BY ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 

,?IS TEXT WAS TAK5 FROM A #a/ $ITION ( ,! ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD1 ,G4 ,P4 ,PUTNAM'S ,SONS1 ,NEW ,YORK & ,LONDON1 #a#i#f4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aie 3 ,*APT] #ag -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#c1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #ag -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/