,! ,CONT9U+ ,APPEAL ( ,NATIONALISM AMONG ,AN>*I/S 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANONYM\S 

,TEXT 3 

,A REVIEW ( ,HAKIM ,BEY'S ,MILL5IUM 

,ACCORD+ TO ,HAKIM ,BEY1 HE WROTE ,MILL5NIUM TO ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION ( :E!R HE /ILL HOLDS ! POSITION HE /AK$ \T 9 ,T,A,Z4 ,BY READ+ ,MILL5NIUM WE CAN BO? UND]/& ,BEY'S CURR5T !ORETICAL POSITION & H[ HE PLAC$ ,T,A,Z 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,FIR/ (F1 ,BEY NOTES ?AT BETWE5 ! TWO BOOKS ! WORLD *ANG$3 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION FELL AP>T4 ,?IS HAS RADICAL IMPLICATIONS = AN>*I/S4 ,BE=E ! FALL1 AN>*I/S W]E ! 0?IRD WAY0 7NOT TO BE CONFUS$ ) ,TONY ,BLAIR'S ,?IRD ,WAY7 & ! REAL OPPOSITION TO ,CAPITAL WAS ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,) ! ,SOVIET DISSOLUTION1 AN>*ISM HAS BECOME ! O!R ( ,CAPITAL4 ,:]E AS :5 AN>*ISM WAS ! ?IRD WAY1 AN>*I/S C\LD HANG \T 9 ! CRACKS CREAT+ ,TEMPOR>Y ,AUTONOM\S ,ZONES & NOT REALLY CONFRONT+ ,CAPITAL OR ! ,/ATE1 WE NO LONG] HAVE ?AT LUXURY4 ,BEY ADMITS ?AT IT TOOK HIM SOME TIME TO REALIZE ! DIFF]5CE ?AT ?IS MADE2 9 FACT1 9 ! E>LY N9ETIES HE /ILL C\NSEL$ AN>*I/S ?AT ! PRES5T WAS LIKE ! ,D>K ,AGES &1 AS ) ! MY/ICS & MONKS ,BEY SO LOVES1 WE %\LD HANG \T & M$ITATE 9 ! MONA/]IES UNTIL !Y >E OV]4 ,IT SEEMS ?AT IT TOOK ! ,ZAPATI/AS TO WAKE ,BEY TO ! IMPLICATIONS ( AN>*ISM BECOM+ ! PRIM>Y OPPOSITION TO ,CAPITAL4 ,9 ,MILL5NIUM1 ,BEY CONCLUDES ?AT ,T,A,Z IS NO LONG] AN OPTION1 N[ WE MU/ LEAVE ! MONA/]IES & BEG9 ! ,JIHAD 7! REVOLUTION74 

,BUT :AT IS ?IS ,JIHAD ,BEY HAS DECL>$8 ,) A JUMBLE ( BADLY DIGE/$ ACADEMIC1 PO/-COLONIAL !ORY1 ! WRIT+S ( ,DELEUZE & ,GUATT>I1 ,ISLAM & ! S\ND-BYTES ( ,SUBCOMM&] ,M>COS1 ,BEY PA9TS A COLONIAL PICTURE ( \R 'NEWLY' GLOBALIZ$ WORLD4 ,9 ,BEY'S WORLD1 CAPITALISM & ! /ATE >E NO LONG] ! C5TRAL 5EMIES 79 FACT1 !Y BEG9 TO DROP \T ( ,BEY'S ANALYSIS1 AS CAPITAL NO LONG] EXPLOITS OR ALI5ATES1 IT ONLY PRODUCES 'SAM5ESS'72 9/EAD1 COLONIALISM 9 ! =M ( GLOBALIZATION ?AT PRODUCES 'SAM5ESS' 7HOMOG5IZATION7 IS :AT WE MU/ CONFRONT ) A REVOLUTION ( 'DIFF]5CE4' ,) ?IS LOGIC1 ! =M REVOLUTION MU/ TAKE TO PROTECT DIFF]5CE1 TO FI<T COLONIALISM1 IS NATIONAL LIB]ATION4 ,?US1 ,BEY'S ACRITICAL SUPPORT = ! ,E,Z,L,N REVOLT 7A REVOLT ,BEY JOYFULLY CALLS ! FIR/ PO/MOD]N REVOLUTION74 

,= ,BEY1 DIFF]5CE IS CON/ITUT$ BY E?NIC NATIONALISM4 ,ACCORD+LY1 WE NE$ TO UND]/& ! 0REVOLUTION>Y IMPLICATION ( CULTURE40 7#d#c7 ,OR1 MORE DIRECTLY1 ,BEY /ATES1 0444TRUE ORGANIC 9TEGRAL DIFF]5CE IS REVOLUTION>Y1 N[4 ,IT HAS TO BE1 BECAUSE IT'S OPPOS$ TO ! S+LE WORLD1 ! MONO-WORLD1 ! MONO-CULTURE ( CAPITAL40 7#b#e7 ,WE HAVE TO ASK1 H[EV]1 :AT IS 0TRUE0 OR 0ORGANIC0 AB\T E?NIC NATIONALITIES8 ,ONE ( ! C5TRAL PROBLEMS ) ,BEY'S ANTI-COLONIAL \TLOOK IS ?AT IT T5DS TO NATURALIZE NATIONALITIES & ?US NATIONALISM4 ,IT MAKES !M SEEM NATURAL & ET]NAL 9/EAD ( HI/ORICALLY SPECIFIC & SOCIALLY CON/RUCT$4 ,CONTRA ,BEY'S READ+1 NATIONALITIES >E PRODUC$ AT C]TA9 TIMES & BY C]TA9 =CES4 ,&1 9/EAD ( JU/ ASSUM+ !Y >E ET]NAL & FIX$1 AS ,BEY SIMPLI/ICALLY DOES1 WE NE$ TO PAY ATT5TION TO H[ SU* E?NIC DIFF]5CES COME TO BE CREAT$ & >TICULAT$ BY POLITICAL & SOCIAL ACTORS = P>TICUL> REASONS4 

,BEY DOES ALL[ = 0POSITIVE0 & 0NEGATIVE0 DIFF]5CE OR P>TICUL>ITIES 7NATIONALITIES74 ,POSITIVE OR 0TRUE0 NATIONALITIES >E ?OSE ?AT >5'T IMP]IALI/IC 7?OSE ?AT /AY 9 !IR BORD]S & DON'T DOM9ATE !IR M9ORITIES74 ,BEY (F]S ! EXAMPLES ( ! ,ZAPATI/AS1 ,BOSNIA1 ,SLOV5IA1 ,MAC$ONIA1 ! ,UKRA9E1 ! ,KURDS & ! ,*E*5S AS POSITIVE NATIONALITIES & NATIONALISMS2 &1 HE CITES ! ,S]BS & ,RUSSIA AS NEGATIVE OR HEGEMONIC P>TICUL>ITIES4 ,YET 9 F9E ,NEW ,YORK ,TIMES /YLE1 !SE NATIONALITIES 9 & ( !MSELVES REMA9 UNQUE/ION$4 ,?IS IS ! WEAKNESS ( ,BEY'S SAM5ESS_/DIFF]5CE DI*OTOMY1 9 :I*1 HE TELLS US1 WE HAVE TO *OOSE ONE OR ! O!R4 ,?US 9/EAD ( ACT+ 9 REVOLUTION>Y SOLID>ITY ) ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! /ATE & CAPITAL1 WE %\LD *OOSE DIFF]5CE OR NATIONALISM 7V]SUS GLOBALIZATION71 & TRY TO 9FLU5CE IT TO TAKE ! NON-IMP]IALI/1 NICE =M ( NATIONALISM4 

,! ,POV]TY ( ,*OICE 

,BEY'S EI!R_/OR *OICE IS AN EXPRESSION ( ! POV]TY ( IMAG9ATION 9H]5T 9 MU* ANTI-GLOBALIZATION RHETORIC3 SAM5ESS OR DIFF]5CE1 GLOBALIZATION OR NATIONALISM4 ,?US ,BEY SAYS1 0444ONE CANNOT HELP BUT SUPPORT+ ,*E*NYA & ! ,KURDS40 7#a7 ,WE CAN'T HELP IT1 OR AS HE ALSO SAYS1 0WE HAVE TO *OOSE44440 ,9 ,*E*NYA NATIONALI/S HAVE BEGUN TO 9/ITUTE ,%>IAT LAW & ! DEA? P5ALTY 7( C\RSE1 = ,BEY1 LAW & ! ,%>IAT HAVE BE5 R$EF9$ AS NO LESS ?AN 0! OP5 ROAD ( ! AIMLESS W&]]407#d#a774 ,KURDI% NATIONALI/S HAVE BE5 CRU%+ ALL 9T]NAL DISS5T = YE>S2 P]HAPS ,BEY %\LD SPEAK ) ,KURDI% AN>*I/S BE=E JUMP+ ON ! NATIONALI/ B&WAGON4 ,ONE WOND]S :]E ,BEY W\LD /& 9 RELATION TO ! W> 9 ,KOSOVO4 ,HE HAS ALREADY /AT$ ?AT ,S]BIAN NATIONALISM IS BAD & ,BOSNIAN IS GOOD1 SO ,I SUPPOSE HE W\LD /& ) ! ,K,L,A NATIONALI/ GOV]NM5T 9 WAIT+ 7= ,BEY1 !RE IS ! ADD$ B5EFIT ?AT ! ,KOSOVO ,ALBANIANS >E = ! MO/ P>T ,MUSLIMS74 ,UN=TUNATELY = ,BEY1 ! ,K,L,A >E N[ ALIGN$ ) ,N,A,T,O1 A =CE = 'SAM5ESS' IF !RE EV] WAS ONE4 ,! CONTRADICTIONS ( NATIONALISM BEG9 TO M\NT4 

,! ,/ATE V]SUS ,GLOBALIZATION 

,BEY'S ANTI-GLOBALIZATION IDEOLOGY GOES AS F> AS TO SET UP A FACILE OPPOSITION BETWE5 GLOBALIZATION 7'SAM5ESS'7 & ! NATION-/ATE 7'DIFF]5CE'88874 ,BEY /ATES3 0,LIKE RELIGION1 ! ,/ATE HAS SIMPLY FAIL$ TO 'GO AWAY' -- 9 FACT1 9 A BIZ>RE EXT5SION ( ! !SIS ( ',SOCIETY AGA9/ ! ,/ATE1' WE CAN EV5 REIMAG9E ! ,/ATE AS AN 9/ITUTIONAL TYPE ( 'CU/OM & RI<T' :I* ,SOCIETY CAN WIELD 7P>ADOXICALLY7 AGA9/ AN EV5 MORE 'F9AL' %APE ( P[] -- ?AT ( 'PURE ,CAPITALISM4'0 7#i#f7 ,:ILE 9 ,T,A,Z ,BEY1 UNLIKE MANY O!R AN>*I/S1 WAS SIMPLY WAIT+ = ! /ATE TO 'GO AWAY' ON ITS [N1 9 ,MILL5NIUM HE HAS DECID$ ?AT1 S9CE IT DIDN'T DISAPPE>1 WE C\LD USE IT TO FI<T ,CAPITALISM4 ,( C\RSE1 9 ORD] TO DO SO1 WE NE$ TO TAKE OV] ! /ATE1 TO CONTROL IT3 ,HAKIM ,BEY = ,PRESID5T6 ,ONCE \R TRU/$ COMRADES >E FIRMLY 9 P[] !Y WILL DISMANTLE ,CAPITALISM & %ORE UP ! NATIONALI/ V5TURE4 ,YET1 :ILE ,CLA/RES' ',SOCIETY ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE0 %[S ?AT SOCIETY DEVELOP$ CU/OMS TO OPPOSE ! CONC5TRATION & 9/ITUTIONALIZATION ( P[]1 ! NATION-/ATE GREW UP WORK+ ) CAPITAL FROM ITS BIR?4 ,UNLIKE ! CU/OMS ( GA!R]_/HUNT] SOCIETIES ?AT WORK TO DEFUZE P[]1 ! NATION-/ATES LAWS & 9/ITUTIONS >E ORGANIZ$ TO FACILITATE & PROTECT ! ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL4 

,ONE ( ! C5TRAL MY?S ?AT MU* ( ! CURR5T TALK AB\T 'GLOBALIZATION' PROPAGATES IS ?AT ! /ATE IS OPPOS$ TO ! GLOBAL ACCUMULATION & EXPANSION ( CAPITAL4 ,SOMEH[ !RE EXI/S A 0PURE ,CAPITALISM0 :I* NE$S NO /ATE TO PROTECT ITS PROP]TY SY/EM1 GU>ANTEE ITS CURR5CY1 M$IATE ITS DISPUTES & CONTA9 SOCIAL CONFLICT4 ,BUT TO REALIGN \RSELVES ) ! /ATE & NATIONALISM IS TO ALIGN \RSELVES ) ! REPRODUCTION ( CAPITALISM AS A SY/EM & AGA9/ A C]TA9 SET ( CAPITALI/S4 ,!RE IS NO 0PURE ,CAPITALISM0 ?AT WI%ES ! /ATE W\LD DISAPPE>4 ,! LOGIC ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION CONT9UALLY WORKS TO REFA%ION ! /ATE AS IT DEVELOPS & *ANGES ITS NE$S4 ,BEY SEEMS TO ?9K ?AT GLOBALIZATION IS AB\T TO DO AWAY ) BORD]S & ! /ATE4 ,YET ! REALITY IS QUITE ! OPPOSITE4 ,:ILE BORD]S >E BECOM+ MORE POR\S TO ! MOVEM5T ( GOODS & CAPITAL1 !Y >E BECOM+ MORE CONTROLL$ 9 T]MS ( ! MOVEM5T ( PEOPLE4 ,?IS WORKS TO CAPITAL'S ADVANTAGE AS CAPITAL NE$S TO CONTROL & DIVIDE LABOR 9 ORD] TO 9CREASE EXPLOITATION4 ,)\T BORD]S ! POOR C\LD MOVE FROM ! ?IRD WORLD :]E ! RATE ( CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION IS HI<E/ & TO >EAS :]E ! LIV+ /&>DS ( ! WORK+ CLASS >E MU* HI<]4 ,?US ,BEY'S NATIONALISM ACTUALLY WORKS H&-9-H& ) CAPITALISM TO 9SURE ! MA9T5ANCE ( BORD]S & ! CONTROL & DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,IT IS NO SURPRISE1 !RE=E1 ?AT E?NIC-NATIONALISM HAS BECOME ONE ( ! ORGANIZ+ N>RATIVES ( ! '#i'S4 ,IT IS ! FLIPSIDE ( ! N>RATIVE ( GLOBALIZATION4 ,!SE HEGEMONIC N>RATIVES LIMIT ! IMAG9ATION'S CAPACITY TO ?9K ( A DIFF]5T WORLD4 ,?US !Y CONTA9 & RECUP]ATE OPPOSITIONAL =CES4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT WE MU/ ALWAYS BE C>EFUL ( SETT+ UP SU* SIMPLE DI*OTOM\S *OICES SU* AS ,BEY'S 'SAM5ESS' V]SUS 'DIFF]5CE' OR GLOBALIZATION V]SUS NATIONALISM4 ,WE MU/ DEM& :AT HAS BE5 MADE TO SEEM AS IMPOSSIBLE 9/EAD (F FALL+ 9TO READY-MADE CATEGORIES ( ?\<T4 

,POETIC ,HI/ORY 

,BEY'S !ORIES >E GR\ND$ 9 HI/ORY2 UN=TUNATELY1 HIS PO/-MOD]N 0POETIC HI/ORY0 HAS MORE AK9 TO MY? ?AN TO A RADICAL1 CRITICAL HI/ORY4 ,! PIRATES ( ,NOR? ,AFRICA BECOME 0PIRATE UTOPIAS0 )\T M5TION ( ! FACT ?AT !IR %IPS W]E1 = ! MO/ P>T1 P[]$ BY SLAVES AT ! O> 7S\NDS LIKE ,BOOK*9'S UTOPIC SLAVE SOCIETY ( ! ,ANCI5T ,GREEK CITY /ATES74 ,COL4 ,QADDAFI'S 0,GRE5 ,PA?0 IS P>T NEO-,SUFISM1 P>T AN>*O-SYNDICALISM47#d#d7 ,! HI]>*ICALLY ORGANIZ$1 E?NIC-NATIONALI/ ,TONG 9 ,*9A BECOMES AN 9SPIRATION4 ,& RELIGION BECOMES REVOLUTION>Y4 ,BEY GOES SO F> TO /ATE ?AT 0444IT SEEMS CLE> ?AT )\T RELIGION !RE WILL BE NO RADICAL REVOLUTION40 7#h#d7 ,! HI/ORY ( ! ,TONG IS REWRITT5 OR BADLY READ BY ,BEY TO MAKE !M ,TAOI/S :O SUPPOS$LY COLLABORAT$ ) AN>*I/S 9 ! #aiaa REVOLUTION 9 ,*9A4 7#h#d7 ,! WEAK CONNECTION BETWE5 ! ,TONG & ,TAOISM IS AB\T AS WEAK AS ! CONNECTION BETWE5 ! ,TONG & ! AN>*I/S4 ,WE ALSO %\LDN'T =GET ?AT ! #aiaa REVOLUTION WAS A NATIONALI/ REVOLUTION1 SOME?+ ?AT DOESN'T BO!R ,BEY AT ALL4 ,& FROM ?IS >GUM5T WE >E SUPPOS$ TO REALIZE ?AT RELIGION IS NECESS>Y TO REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS BY SU* POETIC REWRIT+ ( HI/ORY ?AT ,BEY CLAIMS TO BE ABLE TO SAVE ! CONCEPT ( 'VOLK' OR 'NATIONALITY4' 0,?IS CONCEPT WAS LOOT$ BY BASE REACTION & DI/ORT$ 9TO HEGEMONISM ( ! WOR/ SORT1 BUT IT TOO CAN BE RESCU$ 7AN 'ADV5TURE' 9 ITSELF74 .<,WE NE$ TO RE-READ ,PR\DHON1 ,M>X1 ,NIETZS*E1 ,L&AU]1 ,F\RI]1 ,B5JAM91 ,BAKHT91 ! ,I,W,W1 ETC4 -- ! WAY ! ,E,Z,L,N RE-READS ,ZAPATA6.>0 7#d#e7 

,BEY'S POETIC HI/ORY ROMANTICIZES CULTURAL DIFF]5CE4 ,BEY HAS CALL$ = A ROMANTIC ,ORI5TALISM 7>E !RE O!R TYPES87 ?AT /RESSES ! DIFF]5CE ( ! ',ORI5T' FROM ! ,WE/4 ,!Y W]E SPIRITUAL & WE >E SECUL> & RATIONAL4 ,?IS IS ! SAME >GUM5T ?AT ,EUROPEAN ,ORI5TALISM MADE OV] #a YE>S AGO TO JU/IFY ITS CONQUE/S4 ,BEY'S FAVORITES >E ROMANTIC ,ISLAM & ,TAOISM4 ,9 ?IS POETIC HI/ORY ( FIRM CULTURAL DIFF]5CE1 ! 9DIVIDUAL T5DS TO DISAPPE>1 AS DO SOME ( ?OSE ANNOY+ FACTS4 

,SU* ROMANTICIZATION1 H[EV]1 HAS LITTLE TO (F] A TRULY REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,9/EAD1 WE NE$ A CRITICAL HI/ORY ?AT EXPOSES SU* ROMANTICIZATIONS ?AT HELP NATIONALI/ HI/ORY MA9TA9 ITS DOM9ANCE4 ,POETIC HI/ORY WORKS ) NATIONALI/1 MY?IC HI/ORY 9 MAK+ E?NIC-DIFF]5CE SEEM NATURAL1 FIX$1 & ET]NAL4 ,CRITICAL HI/ORY D5ATURALIZES HEGEMONIC HI/ORY & ALL[S US TO IMAG9E A TRULY DIFF]5T WORLD AS OPPOS$ TO SETT+ UP ! SIMPLI/IC *OICE BETWE5 GLOBALIZATION & NATIONALISM4 ,WE MU/ ?9K \TSIDE ( ! DOM9ANT N>RATIVES ?AT CAPITALISM PUTS =? TO US1 & BL9DS US )4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 JU/ AS ,T,A,Z1 ) ITS IMPLICIT SUGGE/ION ?AT AN>*I/S WAIT 9 ! CRACKS = ! /ATE TO CRUMBLE1 WAS AN EXPRESSION ( ! WEAKNESS ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! LATE '#h'S1 ,MILL5NIUM1 ) ITS MORE EXPLICIT DEM&S ?AT AN>*I/S ALIGN !MSELVES ) NATIONALISM1 RELIGION1 & ! /ATE1 IS A MEASURE ( ITS WEAKNESS 9 ! E>LY '#i'S4 ,HOPEFULLY1 ) ! REC5T UPSW+ 9 DIRECT ACTION BY AN>*I/S SU* EXPRESSIONS ( WEAKNESS MAY BE LEFT BEH9D AS HI/ORICAL RELICS ( A MOVEM5T ?AT HAD TEMPOR>ILY LO/ ITS ABILITY TO IMAG9E & DEM& ! IMPOSSIBLE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#i1 #bba 3 ,! ,CONT9U+ ,APPEAL ( ,NATIONALISM AMONG ,AN>*I/S -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,CONT9U+ ,APPEAL ( ,NATIONALISM AMONG ,AN>*I/S -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/