,*APT] #a 
,9TRODUCTION 

#aigdaigd 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,SAM ,DOLG(F 

,TEXT 3 

,BETWE5 REACTION>Y 0PRO-,BATI/IANOS0 & 0REVOLUTION>Y ,CA/ROITES10 
AN ADEQUATE ASSESSM5T ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION MU/ TAKE 9TO ACC\NT 
ANO!R1 L>GELY IGNOR$ DIM5SION1 I4E41 ! HI/ORY ( ,CUBAN ,AN>*ISM 
& ITS 9FLU5CE ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,CUBAN LABOR & SOCIALI/ 
MOVEM5TS1 ! POSITION ( ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ) RESPECT TO 
! PROBLEMS ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION1 & LIB]T>IAN ALT]NATIVES TO 
,CA/ROISM4 

,TODAY'S ,CUBAN 0SOCIALISM0 DIFF]S FROM ! HUMANI/IC & LIB]T>IAN 
VALUES ( TRUE SOCIALISM AS DOES TYRANNY FROM FRE$OM4 ,!RE IS NOT 
! REMOTE/ AFF9ITY BETWE5 AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALISM OR ITS ,CA/RO 
V>IETY & ! LIB]T>IAN TRADITIONS ( ! ,CUBAN LABOR & SOCIALI/ 
MOVEM5TS4 

,! *>ACT] ( ! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T -- LIKE ! ,SPANI% 
REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T FROM :I* IT D]IV$ ITS ORI5TATION -- WAS 
ORIG9ALLY %AP$1 NOT BY ,M>XISM1 BUT BY ! PR9CIPLES (  
AN>*O-SYNDICALISM WORK$ \T BY ,BAKUN9 & ! LIB]T>IAN W+ ( 
! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION -- ! 0,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL0 
-- F\ND$ 9 #a#h#f#d4 

,! ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN LABOR MOVEM5T WAS1 FROM ITS 9CEPTION1 GREATLY 
9FLU5C$ BY ! IDEOLOGY & REVOLUTION>Y TACTICS ( ! ,SPANI% 
AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,EV5 BE=E #a#h#g1 !RE W]E ORGANIZ$ 
AN>*I/ & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ GR\PS 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES1 ,>G5T9A2 
,MEXICO1 ,SANTIAGO1 ,*ILI2 ,MONTEVIDEO1 ,URUGUAY2 ,RIO DE ,JANEIRO &  
,SAO ,PAULO1 ,BRAZIL4 

,9 #a#h#i#a1 A CONGRESS ( TRADE UNIONS 9 ,BU5OS ,AIRES ORGANIZ$ ! 
,F$]ACION ,OBR]A ,>G5T9A :I* WAS 9 #aia SUCCE$$ BY ! 
,F$]ACION ,OBR]A ,REGIONAL ,>G5T9A 7,=,A-,REGIONAL ,LABOR ,F$]ATION 
( ,>G5T9A7 ) #d1 MEMB]S1 :I* 9 #ai* REA*$ #c14 
,! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ,LA ,PROTE/A1 ONE ( ! BE/ AN>*I/ 
P]IODICALS 9 ! WORLD1 F\ND$ AS A DAILY 9 #a#h#i#g1 (T5 =C$ TO 
PUBLI% CL&E/9ELY1 IS /ILL BE+ PUBLI%$ AS A MON?LY4 

,9 ,P>AGUAY1 AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ GR\PS =M$ 9 #ahib W]E 9 #aif 
ORGANIZ$ 9TO ! ,F$]ACION ,OBR]A ,REGIONAL ,P>AGUAYA4 ,! 
AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ UNIONS ( ,*ILI 9 #ahic PUBLI%$ ! PAP] ,EL 
,OPRIMIDO 7,! ,OPPRESS$74 ,9 ! LATE #a#i#bS ! ,*ILEAN ,ADM9I/RATION 
( ! ,I,W,W NUMB]$ #b1 WORK]S4 ,BE=E !N1 MANY P]IODICALS W]E 
PUBLI%$ & ! LABOR MOVEM5T FL\RI%$4 ,! J\RNAL ,ALBA1 ORGAN 
( ! ,SANTIAGO ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 WAS F\ND$ 9 #a#i#e4 ,! AN>*I/ 
& AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ GR\PS & !IR PUBLICATIONS W]E V]Y POPUL> 
) ! WORK]S 9 ,SAN ,SALVADOR1 ,GUATEMALA1 ,NIC>AGUA1 & ,CO/A ,RICA 
7:]E ! AN>*I/ PAP] ,R5OVACION FIR/ APPE>$ 9 #a#i#a#a74 

,TO ILLU/RATE ! SCOPE ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,LAT9 
,AM]ICA1 ATT5TION IS CALL$ TO ! ORGANIZATIONS P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! 
SYNDICALI/ GR\P+S1 CONV5$ BY ! ,=,A ( ,>G5T9A 9 ,BU5OS 
,AIRES4 ,BESIDES ! ,=,A1 !RE W]E REPRES5T$ ,P>AGUAY1 BY !  
,C5TRO ,OBR]A ,P>AGUAYA2 ,BOLIVIA1 BY ! ,F$]ACION ,LOCAL DE ,LA ,PAZ 
& ! GR\PS ,LA ,ANTOR*A & ,LUZ Y ,LIB]TAD2 ,MEXICO1 BY ! ,PRO-,ACCION 
,S9DICAL2 ,BRAZIL1 BY ! TRADE UNIONS FROM SEV5 CON/ITU5T PROV9CES2 
,CO/A ,RICA1 BY ! ORGANIZATION1 ,HACIA LA ,LIB]TAD2 & ! ,*ILEAN 
ADM9I/RATION ( ! ,I,W,W4 ,!SE EXAMPLES GIVE ONLY A SKET*Y IDEA ( 
! EXT5T ( ! MOVEM5T4 7S\RCES3 ,! ,AN>*I/ HI/ORIAN ,MAX ,NETTLAU'S 
S]IES ( >TICLES REPR9T$ 9 ,RECON/RUIR1 ,ROCK]'S ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM1 
,9DIA $ITION1 PGS4 #a#h#c-#a#h#d2 NO DATE7 

,9S(> AS ! HI/ORY ( AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5TS 9 ,>G5T9A1 
,*ILI1 ,URUGUAY1 ,BRAZIL1 & O!R ,LAT9 ,AM]ICAN L&S >E CONC]N$1 
!RE IS A VOLUM9\S LIT]ATURE 9 ,SPANI%1 & SOME1 ?\< BY NO MEANS 
5\<1 WORKS 9 ,5GLI%4 ,UN=TUNATELY !RE IS SC>CELY ANY?+1 9 
ANY LANGUAGE1 AB\T ! HI/ORY ( ,CUBAN ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM4 

,! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ORIG9S ( ! ,CUBAN LABOR MOVEM5T & ITS  
9FLU5CE IS SUB/ANTIAT$ BY ! ,REPORT ON ,CUBA1 ISSU$ BY ! 
CONS]VATIVE ,9T]NATIONAL ,BANK = ,RECON/RUCTION & ,DEVELOPM5T3 
 444 9 ! COLONIAL DAYS1 LABOR LEAD]%IP 9 ,CUBA CAME L>GELY 
 FROM AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S ( ! ,BAKUN9 S*OOL4 ,A /RONG ?READ 
 ( !IR IDEOLOGY ) ITS EMPHASIS ON 'DIRECT ACTION'1 ITS CONTEMPT 
 = LEGALITY1 ITS D5IAL ?AT !RE CAN BE COMMON 9T]E/S = 
 WORK]S & EMPLOY]S1 P]SI/S 9 ! ,CUBAN LABOR MOVEM5T 9  
 MOD]N TIMES 444 IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$ ?AT NE>LY ALL POPUL> 
 $UCATION ( WORK+ PEOPLE ON H[ AN ECONOMIC SY/EM WORKS 
 & :AT MI<T BE DONE TO IMPROVE IT1 CAME FIR/ FROM ! 
 AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S 444 7QUOT$ 9 ,BACKGR\ND TO ,REVOLUTION3 
 ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,MOD]N ,CUBA2 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#f#f1 P4 #c#a1 #c#b7 

,EV5 ! COMMUNI/ HI/ORIAN ,BORIS ,NIKIROV CONC$ES ?AT 

 444 ! LABOR MOVEM5T ( ,CUBA HAS HAD A LONG TRADITION ( RADICAL 
 ORI5TATION4 ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ 9FLU5CE WAS IMPORTANT FROM ! 
 LATE #a#h#iS TO ! #a#i#bS 7QUOT$ IBID4 P4 #a#c#e7 .<,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ 
 9FLU5CE C]TA9LY SPANS A LONG] P]IOD4.> 

,EV5 LESS IS KN[N AB\T ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ROOTS ( ! ,PU]TO 
,RICAN LABOR MOVEM5T1 :I* AS 9 ,CUBA1 TRACES BACK TO ! LATT] HALF 
( ! #a#i? C5TURY4 ,! $ITOR ( ! EXCELL5T AN?OLOGY ( LABOR 
/RUGGLES & SOCIALI/ IDEOLOGY 9 ,PU]TO ,RICO1 ,A4,G4 ,QU9T]O ,RIV]A 
ASKS3 

 444 :O EV5 9 ,PU]TO ,RICO KN[S AB\T READ]S 9 TOBACCO WORKROOMS8 
 .<AS 9 ,CUBA & ,FLORIDA1 WORK]S PAID READ]S TO READ WORKS ( 
 SOCIAL & G5]AL 9T]E/ TO !M :ILE !Y MADE CIG>S.> ,:O KN[S 
 ?AT ,PU]TO ,RICAN /UDY GR\PS 9 ! FIR/ DECADE ( ?IS C5TURY 
 /UDI$ ! WORKS ( ! .<AN>*I/S.> ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK91 ,RECLUS & 
 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION 444 
 ?AT AS E>LY AS #a#h#i1 ,BAKUN9'S ,F$]ALISM & ,SOCIALISM WAS  
 PUBLI%$ BY AN>*I/ GR\PS 9 ,PU]TO ,RICO & WIDELY READ BY ! 
 WORK]S8 444 

,QU9T]O 9=MS ! READ] ?AT 9 #a#h#i#g1 ! AN>*I/1 ,ROM]O ,ROSA1 A 
TYPOGRAPH]1 WAS ONE ( ! 0PR9CIPAL F\ND]S ( ! FIR/ NATIONWIDE 
UNION 9 ,PU]TO ,RICO -- ! ,F$]ACION ,REGIONAL ,OBR]A40 ,TOGE!R ) 
,F]N&O ,GOMEZ ,ACO/A1 A C>P5T]1 & ,JOSE ,F]R] Y ,F]R]1 ALSO A  
TYPOGRAPH]1 ,ROM]O ,ROSA F\ND$ ! WEEKLY ,5SAYO ,OBR]A TO SPREAD 
AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ IDEAS AMONG ! WORK]S4 

,L\ISA ,CAPETILLO1 ! ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN ( ,PU]TO ,RICO1 :OM ,QU9T]O CALLS 
A 0LEG5D>Y FIGURE 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,PU]TO ,RICAN LABOR MOVEM5T10 
WAS A GIFT$ SPEAK] & ORGANIZ] :O ADDRESS$ C\NTLESS MEET+S ALL 
OV] ,PU]TO ,RICO 9 ! LATE #a#h#iS & E>LY #a#iS4 ,%E *AMPION$  
WOM5'S RI<TS & PREA*$ FREE LOVE 7FUR!R DEFY+ CONV5TION BY 
WE>+ PANTALOONS74 

,A PROLIFIC WRIT]1 ,L\ISA ,CAPETILLO WROTE -- 9 ,SPANI% -- SU* LIB]T>IAN 
ESSAYS AS3 ,HUMANITY 9 ! ,FUTURE2 ,MY ,VIEW ( ,FRE$OM2 ,RI<TS & 
,DUTIES ( ,WOMAN AS ,COMRADE1 ,MO!R & ,FREE ,HUMAN ,BE+4 ,%E ALSO WROTE 
& SPOKE EXT5SIVELY ON >T & ! !AT] & C>RI$ ON AN 
EXT5SIVE CORRESPOND5CE ) =EIGN AN>*I/S4 

,BETWE5 ! YE>S #aia & #a#i#b1 AN>*I/ & SYNDICALI/ P]IODICALS 
W]E PUBLI%$ 9 ,PU]TO ,RICO & SYNDICALI/S C>RI$ ON AN 9T5SE 
AGITATION & MILITANT ACTION 9 LABOR /RUGGLES4 7S\RCE3 ,LU*A 
,OBR]A 5 ,PU]TO ,RICO2 #bND $ITION1 #a#i#g#d1 PGS4 #a1 #a#d1 #c#d1 #a#e#c1 #a#e#f1 #a#f#a47 

,! EXAMPLE ( ,PU]TO ,RICO ILLU/RATES H[ LITTLE IS KN[N AB\T ! 
AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ ORIG9S ( ! LABOR & SOCIALI/ MOVEM5TS 9 ! 
,C>IBBEAN >EA4 ,?IS WORK TRIES TO TRACE ! REM>KABLE 9FLU5CE ( 
AN>*ISM 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T & 
TO PRES5T ! AN>*I/ VIEW ( ! ,CUBAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigc 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #e1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

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