,*APT] #e ,AN>*ISM 9 ,CUBA3 ! ,=]UNN]S #aigdaigd ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,SAM ,DOLG(F ,TEXT 3 ,BO? AN>*I/ IDEAS & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,CUBAN LABOR MOVEM5T TRACE BACK TO ! MIDDLE ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,EV5 TODAY'S ,CUBAN COMMUNI/S RECOGNIZE ?AT3 4449 SPITE ( ! EF=TS ( ,PAUL ,LAF>GUE 7,M>X'S SON-9-LAW1 /ATION$ 9 ,SPA97 & O!R ,M>XI/S1 ! PROLET>IAT ( ! P59SULA 7,SPA9 & ,PORTUGAL7 W]E /RONGLY 9FLU5C$ BY AN>*I/ & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ IDEAS4 ,& !SE IDEAS C>RI$ OV] TO ,CUBA 9 ! LA/ QU>T] ( ! #a#i? & FIR/ QU>T] ( ! #b? C5TURY1 DECISIVELY 9FLU5C+ ! ,CUBAN LABOR MOVEM5T :I* WAS 9V>IABLE AN>*I/4 4 4 0 7,S]GE ,AGUIRRE2 ,CUBA ,SOCIALI/A--A ,CA/ROITE MON?LY--,SEPTEMB]1 #a#i#f#e47 4 4 4 ,DUR+ ! :OLE EPO* 7FROM ! #a#h#iS UNTIL AFT] ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION7 IT WAS ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S :O L$ ! CLASS /RUGGLES 9 ,CUBA1 & ! AN>*I/ IDEOLOGICAL 9FLU5CE ?AT PREVAIL$4 4 470 7,JULIO DE ,RIV]5D1 ,CUBA ,SOCIALI/A1 ,FEB4 #a#i#f#e7 ,AN>*ISM 9 ! ,COLONIAL ,P]IOD ,9 ,CUBA ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T DID NOT1 AS 9 SOME C\NTRIES1 DEVELOP 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,!Y GREW SO CLOSELY TOGE!R ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO TRACE ! HI/ORY ( ONE )\T ! O!R ! =]UNN]S & ORGANIZ]S ( ! ,CUBAN LABOR MOVEM5T W]E ! ,SPANI% AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ EXILES :O 9 ! #a#h#hS CAME TO ,CUBA4 ,IT WAS !Y :O GAVE ! ,CUBAN LABOR MOVEM5T ITS DI/9CT SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y ORI5TATION1 SPREAD+ ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ IDEAS ( ,BAKUN9 & ! ,SPANI% 9T]NATIONALI/S--M5 LIKE ,5RIQUE ,MESS9I]1 ,5RIQUE ,ROIG ,SAN ,M>T91 & ,5RIQUE ,CRESCI4 ,ONE ( ! E>LY LABOR ORGANIZATIONS WAS ! ,SOCI$ADES ,ECONOMICOS DE ,AMIGOS DEL ,PAIS 7,ECONOMIC ,SOCIETY ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ! ,C\NTRY74 ,WE LACK DETAIL$ 9=MATION AB\T ! IDEOLOGY ( ! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,TOBACCO ,WORK]S ( ,HAVANA ORGANIZ$ 9 #a#h#f#f--BUT IT WAS VAGUELY SYNDICALI/IC4 ,! WORK]S W]E PASSIONATELY 9T]E/$ 9 SELF-$UCATION4 ,! TOBACCO WORK]S ( ,HAVANA 7LIKE !IR C\NTRYM5 9 ,FLORIDA7 PAID READ]S TO READ WORKS ( G5]AL 9T]E/ TO !M :ILE !Y WORK$4 ,DUR+ ! READ]'S RE/ P]IOD !Y AVIDLY DISCUSS$ :AT !Y HAD LE>N$4 ,AN EMPLOY] RA% 5\< TO 9T]F]E ) !SE PROCE$+S W\LD BE UNC]EMONI\SLY ESCORT$ FROM HIS PREMISES4 ,9 #a#h#h#e1 AN 9=MAL F$]ATION ( UNIONS1 ,CIRCUL> DE ,TRABAJADORES DE LA ,HABANA 7WORK]S' CLUBS7 WAS ORGANIZ$4 ,TWO YE>S LAT]1 IT HELD A ,CONGRESS 9 :I* TWO OPPOS+ GR\PS1 0RE=MI/S V]SUS RADICALS0 HEAT$LY DEBAT$ ! FUTURE ORI5TATION ( !IR ORGANIZATION4 ,! AN>*I/ PROPAG&A GR\PS /RESS$ ! NECESSITY = ORGANIZATION ALONG AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ L9ES1 REJECT+ ,M>XIAN IDEAS ON ! NECESSITY = P>LIAM5T>Y-POLITICAL ACTION BY SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,9 #a#h#h#f1 ! ,WORK]S' ,C5T] WAS F\ND$ TO SPREAD ! IDEAS ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM ?R\< ITS ORGAN ,EL ,PRODUCTOR1 7,! ,PRODUC]7 F\ND$ & $IT$ BY ! AN>*I/ ,5RIQUE ,ROIG ,SAN ,M>T94 ,9 #a#h#i#b1 ! FIR/ ,WORK]S' ,CONGRESS CELEBRAT$ ! ,FIR/ ( ,MAY BY DEMON/RATIONS = ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,CUBA1 :I* PROVOK$ ! PREMATURE CLOS+ ( ! ,CONGRESS BY ! ,SPANI% AU?ORITIES4 ,! RESOLUTIONS = ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,CUBA W]E DRAFT$ BY ! AN>*I/S ,5RIQUE ,CRESCI1 ,5RIQUE ,SU>EZ & ,$U>DO ,GONZALEZ4 ,! CONGRESS APPROV$ A RESOLUTION /AT+ ?AT 0 4 4 4 ! WORK+ CLASS WILL NOT BE EMANCIPAT$ UNTIL IT EMBRACES REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM1 :I* CANNOT BE AN OB/ACLE = ! TRIUMPH ( ! 9DEP5D5CE ( \R C\NTRY4 4 40 7QUOT$ BY ,MAURICE ,HALP]93 ,! ,RISE & ,FALL ( ,FIDEL ,CA/RO1 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA #a#i#g#b1 P4 #d7 ,>\ND #ahgd ! REV]$ 0APO/LE0 ( ,CUBAN 9DEP5D5CE1 ,JOSE ,M>TI1 FREQU5TLY REF]R$ TO AN>*I/ GR\PS NAM$ = ,F]M9 ,SALVO*EA1 ,BAKUN9 & O!RS4 ,9 HIS PAP]1 ,LA ,PATRIA1 HE PR9T$ >TICLES BY ! AN>*I/ ,ELISEE ,RECLUS & O!RS4 ,M>TI WROTE3 04 4 4 WE LIVE 9 A P]IOD ( /RUGGLE BETWE5 CAPITALI/S & WORK]S4 4 4 A MILITANT ALLIANCE ( WORK]S WILL BE A TREM5D\S EV5T4 ,!Y >E N[ CREAT+ IT4 4 4 0 7QUOT$ ,HALP]91 IBID4 P4 #f-#g7 ,! AN>*I/ ,C>LOS ,M4 ,BAL9O1 ACTIVE AMONG ! TOBACCO WORK]S ( ,FLORIDA1 WAS AN ASSOCIATE ( ,JOSE ,M>TI4 ,& ! ,5RIQUE ,ROIG ,CLUB 9CLUD$ ! AN>*I/ & SOCIALI/ SUPPORT]S ( ,M>TI4 ,WE CITE !SE FACTS TO DEMON/RATE ! SOCIAL-REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( ! 9DEP5D5CE MOVEM5T :I* WAS NOT M]ELY NATIONALI/IC4 ,5RIQUE ,MESS5I] BECAME ! FIR/ PRESID5T ( ! ,LIGA ,G5]AL DE ,TRABAJADORES1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! AN>*I/S 9 ! #a#h#iS4 ,?IS P]IOD ALSO M>K$ G5]AL /RIKES ( LONG%OREM5 9 ,C>D5AS1 ,REGLA & ,HAVANA4 ,! ,LIGA CONDUCT$ ! FIR/ G5]AL /RIKE = ! EIY 9TIMATE ACC\NT ( ! /ATE ( ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T DUR+ ! CRUCIAL YE>S PREC$+ 9DEP5D5CE CAN BE GLEAN$ FROM ! REPORT ( ,P$RO ,E/EVE1 A PIONE] ( ! #b? C5TURY AN>*I/ MOVEM5T :I* FL\RI%$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 7,A ,LOS ,AN>QUI/AS DE ,ESPANA Y ,CUBA2 ,REPORT$ TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS1 ,*ICAGO #a#h#i#c2 PUBLI%$ BY ,EL ,DESP]T>1 ,PAT]SON1 ,NEW ,J]SEY1 #a#i47 ,E/EVE WAS 9 CLOSE T\* ) ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/S 9 ,CUBA & ) ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ EXILES 9 ,CUBA4 ,! FOLL[+ REM>KS W]E BAS$ UPON A FRU/RAT$ PROPAG&A T\R CUT %ORT BY ! POLICE AFT] A ?REE MON? /AY4 ,! AU?ORITIES TRI$ TO CRIPPLE1 & IF POSSIBLE1 EXTIRPATE \R MOVEM5T1 NOT BY \TRI\S$ A /ORM ( PROTE/--BUT BY A NO LESS EFFECTIVE1 P]SI/5T & DEVILI%LY CLEV] CAMPAIGN ( PETTY H>ASSM5TS 7L&LORDS W]E PRESSUR$ NOT TO R5T PREMISES = \R MEET+S47 ,:ILE NOT RESORT+ TO OP5 C5SOR%IP1 \R WEEKLY ,LA ,AL>MA WAS =C$ TO SUSP5D PUBLICATION4 ,IT REAPPE>$ UND] ! NAME ,>*IVO ,SOCIAL & WAS AGA9 SUPPRESS$4 ,\R ,CIRCULO DE ,TRABAJADORES ,WORK]S' ,C5T] WAS CLOS$ D[N ON FALSE *>GES CONCOCT$ BY ! 0SANITATION 9SPECTORS0 ETC41 ETC47 ,! ATT5TATS ( ,EMIL ,H5RY & O!R AN>*I/ T]RORI/S :I* PRECIPITAT$ ! BRUTAL P]SECUTION ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,EUROPE1 LIKEWISE BECAME ! PRETEXT = ! ,CUBAN GOV]NM5T'S CRACKD[N ON \R MOVEM5T444 ,E/EVE REC\NTS ! EFFECTS ( RACISM ON ! HEAL?Y DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,CUBAN LABOR & SOCIALI/ MOVEM5TS1 =1 9 SPITE ( ! ABOLITION ( SLAV]Y & PROCLAMATION ( EQUAL RIY CONDUCT ( ! AN>*I/S :O UNFAIL+LY WELCOM$ ! NEGROES ON EQUAL T]MS AT MEET+S1 S*OOLS & ALL O!R FUNCTIONS ON A P]SON TO P]SON BASIS1 SUFFIC$ = A LONG TIME TO %AKE ! BELIEF ?AT ALL :ITES W]E !IR NATURAL 5EMIES444 ,NEV]!LESS WE CONT9U$ \R AGITATION ) D$ICATION & ATTRACT$ TO \R RANKS G5U9E PROLET>IAN ELEM5TS4 ,WE HELD MEET+S 9 V>I\S ,HAVANA NEI S*OOLS1 & 9 \R ,C5T]1 WE GAVE POPUL> C\RSES 9 SOCIOLOGY & O!R SUBJECTS444WE ALSO 9ITIAT$ O!R PROJECTS ( WORK]S' $UCATION444AT ! 9VITATION ( WORK]S 9 ! ,LA ,ROSA DE ,SANTIAGO CIG> FACTORY1 ,I GAVE A WELL RECEIV$ TALK ON AN>*ISM 4 4 4 !SE >E ONLY A FEW EXAMPLES444LITTLE BY LITTLE1 AN>*I/S :O HAD BE5 9ACTIVE = A LONG TIME RETURN$1 & NEW ADH]5TS CAME TO US 4 4 4 \R MOVEM5T REVIV$ SL[LY1 BUT ON FIRM] F\NDATIONS444 ,/RUGGLE = ,9DEP5D5CE3 #a#h#f#h-#a#h#i#e #ahfh M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( ! T5-YE> GU]RILLA W> = 9DEP5D5CE FROM ,SPANI% COLONIAL DOM9ATION1 0,EL ,GRITO DE ,Y>A4 0 ,ON ,OCTOB] #a1 #a#h#f#h1 ,C>LOS ,MANUEL DE ,CESP$ES1 A WEAL?Y SUG> PLANTATION [N] 9 ,ORI5TE PROV9CE ATTACK$ ! VILLAGE ( ,Y>A ) LESS ?AN #d M54 ,! ATTACK WAS REPULS$ & ONLY #ab M5 SURVIV$4 0,EL ,GRITO DE ,Y>A10 70,! ,CALL ,TO ,REBELLION07 BECAME ! SYMBOL & WAT*WORD ( ! /RUGGLE = 9DEP5D5CE4 ,MORE ?AN #b1 MILITANTS W]E KILL$ 9 ! T5-YE> W>1 UNC\NT$ ?\S&S W]E W\ND$4 ,TOTAL CASUALTIES C\LD NOT BE E/IMAT$4 ,! MO/ PROM95T MILIT>Y LEAD]S ( ! 9DEP5D5CE MOVEM5T W]E ,G5]AL ,MAXIMO ,GOMEIZ ,GOMEZ & ,ANTONIO ,MACEO4 ,9 #ahfi ,CESP$ES WAS ELECT$ ,PRESID5T ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REPUBLIC4 ,?IS1 & ,EL ,GRITO DE ,Y>A E>N$ HIM ! TITLE 0,FA!R ( ,9DEP5D5CE40 ,SPA9 S5T ,G5]AL ,VAL]IANO ,WEYL]1 0,! ,BUT*]10 TO EXTIRPATE ! 9DEP5D5CE MOVEM5T4 ,HE LOCK$ HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( M5 WOM5 & *ILDR5 9TO CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,9 ,HAVANA ALONE1 #e#b1 PEOPLE P]I%$4 ,9 REBEL >EAS1 CATTLE & CROPS W]E DE/ROY$ TO />VE \T ! FRE$OM FI PLANTATIONS4 ,WEYL] WAS RECALL$ TO ,SPA9 9 #a#h#g#i4 ,AFT] ! ABOLITION ( SLAV]Y 9 #a#h#h1 ! BIG L&LORDS EXPECT$ ! ,SPANI% GOV]NM5T TO COMP5SATE !M = ! LOSSES 5TAIL$ BY ! EMANCIPATION ( ! SLAVES4 ,BUT ! CONDITION ( ! WORK]S REMA9$ PRACTICALLY UN*ANG$4 ,! ,REVI/A DE ,AGRICULTURA WROTE3 4 4 4 ,A WORK] 9 A SUG> MILL CAMP AWOKE AT #b A4M41 DRANK A GLASS ( HOT WAT] = BREAKFA/1 WORK$ TILL #aa A4M4 ,AFT] A TWO H\R LUN* BREAK ! WORK] W5T BACK & WORK$ TILL #f P4M41 ATE SUPP] & !N WORK$ SEV]AL H\RS MORE4 4 4 7QUOT$ 9 ,CA/RO ORGAN ,CUBA ,SOCIALI/A CLIPP+--NO DATE7 ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,/RUGGLE = ,9DEP5D5CE ,! MO/ MILITANT ELEM5TS 9 ! 9SURRECTIONS ( #ahie = ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ,CUBA W]E PRIM>ILY ! PEASANTS 7& TO A RELATIVELY LESS] EXT5T ! NUM]ICALLY 9F]IOR URBAN WORK]S74 ,FROM ! BEG9N+ TO ! 5D ( ! W> = 9DEP5D5CE ! 9T]NATIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T SUPPORT$ ! REVOLTS1 & MANY Y\NG AN>*I/S CAME TO ,CUBA TO FI*I/S W]E 9 ! =EFRONT ( !SE /RUGGLES1 AMONG !M ,RAFAEL ,G>CIA1 ,>M&O ,&RE 7ONE ( ! COMM&]S ( ! REBEL >MY1 LAT] MURD]$ BY ! ,MA*ADO ASSASS9S7 & ,5RIQUE ,CRESCI4 ,AN>*I/ P>TICIPATION 9 ! 9DEP5D5CE /RUGGLES WAS BAS$ UPON ! FOLL[+ CONSID]ATIONS3 ,= ! EXPLOIT$1 OPPRESS$ MASSES1 B\RGEOIS 9DEP5D5CE WAS ( SECOND>Y IMPORTANCE4 ,= !M1 ABOLITION ( COLONIAL DESPOTISM ALSO SIGNIFI$ ! 5D ( !IR AGE-LONG S]VITUDE1 & ) IT1 ! 9AUGURATION ( A NEW ]A ( ECONOMIC EQUALITY1 SOCIAL JU/ICE & P]SONAL FRE$OM4 ,! PEOPLE'S /RUGGLE = 9DEP5D5CE SIMULTANE\SLY TOOK ON A SOCIAL-REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT]4 ,AN>*I/ PROPAG&A1 & ABOVE ALL ,A,C,T,I,O,N1 5C\RAG$ ! MASSES TO TURN ! /RUGGLE = POLITICAL 9DEP5D5CE 9TO ! /RUGGLE = ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,CUBAN ,9DEP5D5CE3 ,! ,EXPANSION ( ,U4,S4 ,IMP]IALISM ,! ,U4,S4 IMP]IALI/S FE>$ ! SOCIAL-REVOLUTION ( ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE AS MU* AS !IR ,SPANI% COLONIAL & DOME/IC EXPLOIT]S4 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION ! VIEWS ( TWO WELL QUALIFI$ HI/ORIANS >E WELL WOR? QUOT+3 4 4 4 DUR+ ! NEGOTIATIONS = ! TREATY ( PEACE AFT] ! VICTORY OV] ,SPA9 .<9 ! ,SPANI%-,AM]ICAN ,W>1 #a#h#i#h.> ,SPA9 EXPRESS$ FE> ?AT IF LEFT TO ITSELF ! ISL&444MI$ ,SPA9'S FE> ( ,REVOLUTION 9 ,CUBA & AGRE$ TO 0444DIS*>GE ITS OBLIGATIONS UND] 9T]NATIONAL LAW4 4 4 0 7P4 #f#d7 ,& ,PR(ESSOR ,WILLIAM ,APPLETON ,WILLIAMS SUMS UP ! TRUE MOTIVATIONS ( ,U4,S4 IMP]IALISM 9 RESPECT TO ,CUBAN 9DEP5D5CE3 4 4 4 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES S\Y CONTROL4 4 4 & FACILITATE & SAFEGU>D ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ECONOMIC PR$OM9ANCE 444 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES !REBY SET ITSELF 9 OPPOSITION TO ! ,CUBAN REVOLUTION>IES AS WELL AS ! ,SPANI% GOV]NM5T 444 ,CUBA WAS TO BE RECON/RUCT$ ALONG L9ES SATISFACTORY TO ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & ONLY F9ALLY H&$ OV] TO ! ,CUBANS AFT] SU* VITAL LIMITS ON !IR FRE$OM ( ACTION & DEVELOPM5T HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$ TO 9SURE 9DEF9ITE ,AM]ICAN PR$OM9ANCE 444 7QUOT$ 9 AN?OLOGY ,BACKGR\ND TO ,REVOLUTION2 PGS4 #a#h#h-#a#i7 ,9DEP5D5CE TO ! ,\TBREAK ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I3 #a#h#i#h-#a#i#a#d ,) ! DEFEAT ( ,SPA9 9 ! ,SPANI%-,AM]ICAN ,W>1 ,CUBA BECAME AN 9DEP5D5T REPUBLIC4 ,IT WAS ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES ( ,CUBA1 ! HUMBLE PEASANTS & URBAN WORK]S1 :O BY !IR H]OISM UND]M9$ ,SPANI% RULE & MADE POSSIBLE ! EASY VICTORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,BETWE5 #ahih & #a#i#b1 ! ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y OCCUPI$ & GOV]N$ ,CUBA ON ! PRETEXT ?AT A TRANSITION P]IOD WAS NECESS>Y TO PREP>E ,CUBA = SELF-RULE4 ,! ,AM]ICAN TROOPS LEFT AFT] ! FIR/ PRESID5TIAL ELECTION4 ,BUT ! ,PLATT AM5DM5T ( #aia GRANT$ ! ,U4,S4 ! RIKS3 0 44) A SMILE1 ,GOMEZ EMPTI$ ! TREASURY & ALL[$ HIS ,CUBAN & ,AM]ICAN CRONIES TO FATT5 ON CONCESSIONS4 4 4 0 7,HI/ORY ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA2 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#e#e1 P4 #d#a7 ,! NEW 9DEP5D5T REPUBLIC TURN$ \T TO BE JU/1 OR ALMO/ AS REACTION>Y AS ! DEPOS$ COLONIAL DESPOTISM ( ,SPA94 ,SC>CELY LESS BITT] WAS ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! OPPRESS$ PEOPLE ( ,CUBA & ! CORRUPT NEW ,/ATE ) ITS BUREAUCRACY & ITS MILIT>Y & POLICE =CES4 ,9 ! ,SPR+ ( #a#i1 DUR+ ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES OCCUPATION1 ! GR\P PUBLI%+ ,EL ,MUNDO ,IDEAL 7,! ,IDEAL ,SOCIETY71 9VIT$ ! WELL KN[N AN>*I/ ,]RICO ,MALATE/A TO T\R ,CUBA & SPEAK TO ! WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,BUT ! ,GOV]NM5T EXPELL$ HIM4 ,UPON LEAV+ ,CUBA ,MALATE/A WROTE A F>EWELL LETT] TO HIS ,CUBAN COMRADES1 FROM :I* WE EXC]PT ! FOLL[+ PASSAGES3 04 4 4 ,UPON LEAV+ ?IS C\NTRY = :I* ,I H>BOR A /RONG AFFECTION P]MIT ME TO SALUTE ! VALIANT ,CUBAN WORK]S1 BLACK & :ITE1 NATIVE & =EIGN1 :O EXT5D$ ME SO CORDIAL A WELCOME 444 04 4 4 ,I HAVE1 = A V]Y LONG TIME1 ADMIR$ ! SELF-SACRIFICE & H]OISM ) :I* Y\ HAVE F\N$ TO APPRECIATE Y\R CLE> 9TELLIG5CE1 Y\R SPIRIT ( PROGRESS & Y\R TRULY REM>KABLE CULTURE1 SO R>E 9 PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 SO CRUELLY OPPRESS$4 ,& ,I LEAVE ) ! CONVICTION ?AT Y\ WILL SOON TAKE Y\R PLACE AMONG ! MO/ ADVANC$ ELEM5TS 9 ALL C\NTRIES FIIANS FI = 9DEP5D5CE ?IS SPIRIT ( HO/ILITY TO ALL GOV]NM5TS 9C>NAT$ 9 EV]Y LIB]T>IAN1 WILL N[ MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE TO IMPOSE UPON ! ,CUBAN PEOPLE ! SAME ,SPANI% LAWS1 :I* M>TYRS LIKE ,M>TI1 ,CRESCI1 ,MACEO1 & ?\S&S ( O!R ,CUBANS DI$ TO ABOLI%4440 7,SOLID>IDAD ,GA/RONOMICA--,AN>*O-,SYNDICALI/ FOOD WORK]S UNION ORGAN1 ,AUG4 #a#e1 #a#i#e#e7 ,9 #a#i#b1 ,HAVANA TOBACCO WORK]S1 ORGANIZ$ BY ,GONZALES ,LOZANA & O!R AN>*I/S1 CALL$ A G5]AL /RIKE1 ! FIR/ UND] ! ,REPUBLIC4 ,?IS ACTION1 ! FAM\S 0/RIKE ( ! APPR5TICES10 S\K$ BY MANY /RIKES 9 :I* ! AN>*I/ ACTIVELY P>TICIPAT$4 ,AMONG ! MORE IMPORTANT WE LI/3 #a#i#c4 ,DUR+ A MAJOR /RIKE ( SUG> WORK]S1 ! AN>*I/S ,CASANAS & ,MONT]O Y ,S>RIA W]E MURD]$ BY ORD] ( ! !N ,GOV]NOR ( ,LAS ,VILLAS ,PROV9CE1 ,JOSE ,MIGUEL ,GOMEZ1 LAT] ,PRESID5T ( ,CUBA4 ,! LONG ,MON$A ,G5]AL ,/RIKE1 L$ BY ! AN>*I/S 7,FEB4 #b? TO ,JULY #a#e?7 WAS CALL$ BECAUSE ! WORK]S REFUS$ TO ACCEPT PAYM5T 9 DEVALU$ ,SPANI% PESETAS4 ,!Y DEM&$ PAYM5T 9 ,AM]ICAN DOLL>S WOR? MORE 9 PUR*AS+ P[]4 ,ALSO 9 #a#i#g1 ! AN>*I/ WEEKLY ,TI]RA6 WAS SEV]ELY P]SECUT$ = 9CIT+ A RAILWAY /RIKE = ! EIITIME1 CON/RUCTION & O!R WORK]S4 #a#i#a-#a#i#a#b4 ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S PLAY$ AN IMPORTANT P>T 9 ! /RIKE ( ,HAVANA & ,CI5FUEGOS SEW] WORK]S ( ,JUNE #a#i#a4 ,! BITT] #aiab RE/AURANT & CAFE WORK]S /RIKE ALSO 9VOLV$ AN>*I/ MILITANTS4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ ACTIVE /RIK]S WAS ,HIL>IO ,ALONSO4 ,O!R /RIKES ( ! P]IOD 9CLUD$ ! BRICKLAY]S /RIKE = ! EI*I/S & SYNDICALI/S :O W]E P>TICUL>LY MILITANT4 ,DUR+ !SE YE>S ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T FL\RI%$4 ,! WEEKLY ,TI]RA6 ) ITS EXCELL5T >TICLES FROM ! P5 ( ! MO/ DI/+UI%$ ,CUBAN & ,SPANI% WRIT]S2 ! LIB]T>IAN J\RNAL1 ,EL ,IDEAL1 & ! WIDESPREAD CIRCULATION ( WORKS BY ,ELISEE ,RECLUS1 ,KROPOTK9 & O!R AN>*I/S 9 POPUL> PRIC$ $ITIONS4 ,?IS P]IOD ALSO M>K$ ! SIGNIFICANT GR[? ( ! WORK]S' COOP]ATIVE MOVEM5T 9 :I* ! AN>*I/S W]E V]Y ACTIVE4 ,PAYM5T ( A MOD]ATE MON?LY FEE GAVE WORK]S ! USE ( RECREATION & CULTURAL FACILITIES1 M$ICAL S]VICES & O!R B5EFITS4 ,! MOVEM5T REA*$ A TOTAL ( #b1 MEMB]S4 ,9 SPITE ( ! OPPOSITION ( 9DU/RIALI/S1 ! WORK]S ORGANIZ$ PRODUC]S' & CONSUM]S' H\S+ & O!R COOP]ATIVES4 ,! AN>*I/S ALSO SPE>HEAD$ ! ORGANIZATION ( AGR>IAN COOP]ATIVES1 A MOVEM5T :I* ! ,CA/RO GOV]NM5T CRU%$ 9 FAVOR ( ,/ATE F>MS4 ,! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T ( ,CUBA HAD ALWAYS GIV5 TOP PRIORITY1 NOT ONLY TO ! ORGANIZATION ( URBAN WORK]S1 BUT ALSO TO PEASANT /RUGGLES4 ,!Y BUILT UP PEASANT ORGANIZATIONS ?R\<\T ,CUBA--9 ,SAN ,CRI/OBAL1 ,LAS ,PLACIOS1 ,P9> DEL ,RIO--:]EV] !RE WAS ! SLI*I/ MILITANTS LIKE ,M>CELO ,SAL9AS1 ,MODE/O ,B>BIETO1 ,ALFR$O ,P]EZ & MANY O!RS F\IES 9 ! IMM5SE SUG> PLANTATIONS ( ,SANTA ,LUCIA1 & 9 ,CAMAGUEY4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD1 & AT LEA/ UP TO #a#i#b#e1 AN>*I/S W]E ! ONLY MILITANTS 9FLU5TIAL AMONG SUG> WORK]S4 ,MILLAN WAS MURD]$ ,OCTOB] #b1 #a#i#d#e1 BY PAID ASSASS9S ( ! ,MONATI ,SUG> ,COMPANY = /IRR+ PEASANT RESI/ANCE & ORGANIZ+ PEASANT COOP]ATIVES4 ,P]EZ WAS ALSO ASSASS9AT$2 ! ,PEASANT ,F$]ATION ( ,CUBA COMMEMORAT$ ! DATE ( HIS MURD] AS 0,! ,DAY ( ! ,PEASANT3 A DAY ( /RUGGLE = ! DEM&S ( ! HUNGRY & EXPLOIT$ AGRICULTURAL WORK]S40 ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TO ! ,MA*ADO ,DICTATOR%IP3 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#e ,! T]M9ATION ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I & ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION FIR$ ! IMAG9ATION ( ! ADVANC$ SECTIONS ( ! LABOR & RADICAL MOVEM5TS >\ND ! WORLD4 ,MANY AN>*I/S EXPECT$ AN IMM$IATE REVOLUTION & ! REALIZATION ( ! JU/ SOCIETY WORLDWIDE4 ,9 #aiai A NUMB] ( ,CUBAN AN>*I/S1 SUCCUMB+ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y EUPHORIA1 ISSU$ A MANIFE/O 9 FAVOR ( JO9+ ! COMMUNI/ ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 DOM9AT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY4 ,BUT ) MORE COMPLETE & RELIABLE 9=MATION1 & A MORE SOB] OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS ( ,RUSSIAN EV5TS1 ! ,CUBAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 5T]$ A NEW PHASE4 ,5?USIASM = ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION DI$ \T AS ! DICTATORIAL \TRAGES ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS BECAME OBVI\S & AS CRITICAL COMM5TS FROM ,KROPOTK91 ,VOL9E1 ,B]KMAN & O!R AN>*I/ REFUGEES 9 ,EUROPE & ELSE:]E REA*$ ,CUBA4 ,! YE>S BETWE5 #aiag & #aic M>K$ BITT] & WIDESPREAD CLASS /RUGGLES3 LOCAL & NATIONAL /RIKES = MORE WAGES1 ! EIY S]VICE2 TREM5D\S DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ SC>CITY & ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+1 ETC4 ,ALL !SE MANIFE/ATIONS ( POPUL> REBELLION CALL$ =? GOV]NM5T P]SECUTION ( ! RADICAL MOVEM5T4 ,SPANI% AN>*I/S W]E DEPORT$1 HALLS CLOS$ D[N ONE DAY BY ! POLICE W]E REOP5$ ! NEXT2 PAP]S SUSP5D$ ONE DAY1 REAPPE>$ ! NEXT DAY UND] ANO!R NAME4 ,9 SPITE ( ! REPRESSIONS1 HUNDR$S ( Y\NG M5 & WOM5 JO9$ ! AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! AN>*I/S W]E FEV]I%LY ACTIVE1 ABOVE ALL 9 ! LABOR UNIONS AMONG ! TOBACCO WORK]S1 BRICKLAY]S & MASONS1 GYPSUM WORK]S1 BAK]S1 5G9E]S1 RAILROAD WORK]S1 FACTORIES ETC4 ,! LIB]T>IANS PUBLI%$ ! WEEKLIES1 ,NUEVA ,AURORA & ,LABOR ,SANA2 ! MAGAZ9ES1 ,EL ,PROGRESO1 ,VOZ DEL ,DEP5DI5TE 7CL]KS71 ,EL ,PRODUCTOR ,PANAD]O 7BAK]S71 ,NUEVA ,LUZ 7,NEW ,LIIO1 & O!R P]IODICALS4 ,?IS AGITATION & /RIKE ACTIVITY RESULT$ 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( ! ,HAVANA ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR1 & MU* LAT]1 ! ,NATIONAL ,LABOR ,F$]ATION ( ,CUBA4 ,BO? !SE ORGANIZATIONS ADOPT$ AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ =MS ( /RUGGLE & ORGANIZATION4 ,H]E IS A P>TIAL LI/+ ( ! MA9 EV5TS3 #a#i#a#h--,BLOODY /RIKE ( ! ,HAVANA CON/RUCTION WORK]S4 ,9VOK+ ! #ahic ANTI-AN>*I/ LAW1 ! GOV]NM5T TRI$ TO EXTIRPATE ! AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE 9 LABOR ORGANIZATIONS BY IMPRISON+ AN>*I/ ORGANIZ]S & ACTIVI/S ON TRUMP$-UP *>GES ( S$ITION & CONSPIRACY TO OV]?R[ ! /ATE4 ,! POLICE OP5$ FIRE ON A DEMON/RATION CALL$ BY WORK]S1 UNIONS AGA9/ ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+4 #a#i#b--,9 ,APRIL A NATIONAL CONGRESS WAS CALL$ UND] ! AUSPICES ( ! ,HAVANA & ,P9AL ,P9> DEL ,RIO ,F$]ATION ( ,WEAV]S1 9 :I* MANY AN>*I/S HELD IMPORTANT PO/S4 ,CORRUPTION 9 GOV]NM5T WAS RIFE4 7,9 #a#i#b#a1 = EXAMPLE1 ,ALFR$O ,ZAYAS1 NICKNAM$ 0! ,PESETA ,SNAT*]0 BY HIS VICTIMS1 WAS ELECT$ ,PRESID5T ( ,CUBA47 #a#i#b#d--,A CONGRESS ( AN>*I/ GR\PS UNIT$ ALL ! AN>*I/ T5D5CIES 9TO ! NEWLY ORGANIZ$ ,F$]ACION DE ,GRUPOS ,AN>QUI/AS DE ,CUBA4 ,! T9Y SCATT]$ PAP]S W]E CONSOLIDAT$ 9TO ONE REALLY ADEQUATE1 WELL $IT$1 WELL PRODUC$ P]IODICAL4 ,! NEW J\RNAL ,TI]RA6 7,L&7 ATTA9$ A WIDE CIRCULATION1 UNTIL =C$ TO SUSP5D PUBLICATION BY ! ,MA*ADO DICTATOR%IP4 7,TI]RA6 CONT9U$ PUBLICATION 9T]MITT5TLY TILL ! LATE #a#i#cS74 ,ONE ( ,TI]RA'S MO/ BRILLIANT COLLABORATORS1 ,PAUL9O ,DIAZ1 TOOK A V]Y PROM95T P>T 9 A WORK]S' CONGRESS HELD 9 ,CI5FUEGOS1 :I* LAID ! BASIS = :AT LAT] 7#a#i#c#h7 BECAME ! ,CONF$]ATION ( ,CUBAN ,WORK]S 7,C,T,C74 ,BUT ! AN>*I/S NEV] CONTROLL$ ! ,C,T,C1 :I* BECAME1 & REMA9S TO ?IS DAY1 A QUASI-GOV]NM5TAL AG5CY1 DOM9AT$ SUCCESSIVELY BY ! ,GRAU ,SAN ,M>T91 ,BATI/A1 & ,CA/RO GOV]NM5TS4 ,! FIR/ ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,CUBAN ,WORK]S 7,C,N,O,C7 WAS ! AN>*I/ TYPOGRAPH]1 ,ALFR$O ,LOPEZ4 ,!RE W]E ALSO SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ GR\PS 9 ! ,C,N,O,C4 ,! GR[? ( ! AN>*I/S HAD BE5 SEV]ELY CURTAIL$ AS A RESULT ( ! /RUGGLES UND] ! REGIME ( ,PRESID5T ,M5OCAL1 BY DEPORTATIONS TO ,SPA91 & BY POLICE REPRESSION4 ,RECOGNIZ+ ! NE$ = A BETT] ORGANIZ$ & MORE EFFICI5T LABOR MOVEM5T1 ! AN>*I/S REORGANIZ$ ! CRAFT UNIONS ON AN 9DU/RIAL BASIS--BAS$ ON FACTORIES & 9DU/RIES--REG>DLESS ( CRAFTS4 ,! AN>*I/S & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S PRACTICALLY CONTROLL$ ONE ( ! /RONGE/ UNIONS 9 ,CUBA1 ,S9DICATO DE LA ,9DU/RIA ,FABRIL 7,BREW]Y ,UNION--,S,I,F74 ,) ! COOP]ATION ( ! AN>*I/ GR\PS1 ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S ALSO ORGANIZ$ SUG> CANE & RAILWAY WORK]S' UNIONS 9 ! PROV9CE ( ,CAMAGUEY4 #a#i#b#e--,A VICI\S CAMPAIGN TO OBLIT]ATE PREPOND]ANT AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,S,I,F WAS LAUN*$ BY ! ,MA*ADO GOV]NM5T :I* ACCUS$ ! AN>*I/ MILITANTS ,$U>DO ,VIVAS & ,LUIS ,QUIROS ( POISON+ ! BE] 9 A /RIKE AGA9/ ! ,POL> ,BREW+ ,COMPANY4 ,! ,SUBSEQU5T SC&AL PREP>$ ! WAY = AN ALL-\T (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! UNION & ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,ALL ( ! ORGANIZ]S W]E P]SECUT$4 ,SOME AN>*I/ ORGANIZ]S W5T 9TO HID+4 ,O!RS W]E JAIL$ & =EIGN-BORN AN>*I/S DEPORT$4 ,A FEW W]E DRIV5 TO COMMIT SUICIDE4 ,BUT 9 SPITE ( ALL ! ATROCITIES1 ! GREAT MASS ( WORK]S1 :O DUR+ ! YE>S /ILL RETA9$ !IR LIB]T>IAN SPIRIT & APPROA* TO PROBLEMS1 CONT9U$ TO ORGANIZE & SPREAD AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ IDEAS4 ,:5 9 #a#i#b#e1 AT ! ,CONGRESS ( ! ,CUBAN ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR 7,C,N,O,C71 9 ,CAMAGUEY1 SOME AG5TS ( ! EMPLOY]S PROPOS$ ! EXPULSION ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 ! ,CONGRESS1 F> FROM APPROV+ EXPULSION1 EXPELL$ ?OSE :O MADE ! MOTION = EXPULSION ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S4 ,9 ! SAME YE> 7#a#i#b#e71 PAID ASSASS9S ( ! EMPLOY]S %OT & KILL$ ! AN>*I/ ,5RIQUE ,V>ONE1 ! MO/ EFFECTIVE ORGANIZ] ( SUG> & RAILWAY WORK]S 9 ,CAMAGUEY & ,ORI5TE PROV9CES4 ,! AN>*I/S ALSO ORGANIZ$ ! PEASANTS & RURAL 9DU/RIAL WORK]S 9TO ! ,S9DICATO ,G5]AL DE ,TRABAJADORES DE ,SAN ,CRI/OBAL1 ,PROV9CE ( ,P9> DEL ,RIO4 ,! ,DICTATOR%IP ( ,MA*ADO3 #a#i#b#e-#a#i#c#c3 ,ON ,MAY #b? #a#i#b#e1 ,G5]AL ,G]>DO ,MA*ADO1 A SEMI-LIT]ATE P[]-MAD DESPOT 7LAT] KN[N AS ! NOTORI\S 0,BUT*] ( ,LAS ,VILLAS07 BECAME ,PRESID5T ( ,CUBA4 ,HIS ELECTION CAMPAIGN WAS A WELL ORGANIZ$ BRA9WA%+ PUBLICITY /UNT4 ,POS+ AS A PAT]NALI/IC1 B5EVOL5T DEMOCRAT1 HE WAS1 AT FIR/1 IMM5SELY POPUL>4 ,SC>CELY A DISS5T+ NOTE M>R$ ! *ORUS ( UNIV]SAL ACCLAIM4 ,BUT ! AN>*I/ WEEKLY ,TI]RA6 PUBLI%$ A MAGNIFIC5T $ITORIAL 5D+ ) ! WORDS3 444 ,WE GO ) ! COMMON PEOPLE1 ) ! MASSES2 BUT :5 !Y FOLL[ A TYRANT3 !N WE GO ALONE6 ,]ECT6 ,) EYES RAIS$ HI< T[>D ! LUM9\S AURORA ( \R IDEAL6 ,9 CONJUNCTION ) ! AGITATION 9 ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,HAVANA1 T5 PEOPLE F\ND$ ! ,CUBAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,! ,P>TY ATTRACT$ 9TELLECTUALS1 /UD5TS1 & FEW WORK]S4 ,UNTIL ! MID-#a#i#cS IT HAD LITTLE 9FLU5CE 9 LABOR CIRCLES4 ,! ,P>TY WAS TEMPOR>ILY \TLAW$ 9 #a#i#b#g4 ,! ,MA*ADO REGIME =M$ A GOV]NM5T-SPONSOR$ UNION1 ,UNION ,F$]ATIVA ,OBR]A ,NACIONAL 7,UNIT$ ,NATIONAL ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR--,U,F,O,N7 & =C$ ALL ! LEGITIMATE LABOR ORGANIZATIONS UND]GR\ND4 ,! AN>*I/ LABOR MOVEM5T WAS SADI/ICALLY SUPPRESS$4 ,ALFR$O ,LOPEZ1 ! ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,O,C 7M5TION$ ABOVE7 WAS ?R[N 9TO ! SEA TO BE DEV\R$ BY %>KS4 ,! LONG /RUGGLE = CONTROL ( ! ,C,N,O,C 5D$ 9 #a#i#c-#c#a1 :5 ! COMMUNI/S1 9 LEAGUE ) ! ,MA*ADO GOV]NM5T1 CONNIV$ BY ! F\LE/ MEANS TO SEIZE ,CONTROL ( ! ,C,N,O,C & ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,NEV]!LESS' ?R\<\T ! MANY POPUL> UPHEAVALS ( ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS1 ! AN>*I/S & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S PLAY$ A SIGNIFICANT ROLE4 ,AFT] ! GOV]NM5T SUPPRESSION ( ! ,C,N,O,C !Y W]E AMONG ! PR9CIPAL ORGANIZ]S ( ! 9DEP5D5T & MILITANT ,CONF$]ACION ,G5]AL DE ,TRABAJADORES 7,G5]AL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR47 ,! BLOODY DICTATOR%IP ( ,MA*ADO WAS OV]?R[N BY A G5]AL /RIKE & 9SURRECTION4 ,! /RIKE BEGAN ) ! WALK\T ( ! TROLLEY & BUS UNIONS4 ,:ILE ! COMMUNI/S CONTROLL$ ! BUS UNION1 ! TROLLEY WORK]S' UNION WAS /RONGLY 9FLU5C$ BY ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S4 ,! ,HAVANA ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR CALL$ A MEET+ ( ALL UNIONS TO ORGANIZE ! G5]AL /RIKE & ELECT$ A NUMB] ( AN>*I/S TO ! /RIKE COMMITTEE1 AMONG !M ,NICOSIO ,TRUJILLO & ,ANTONIO ,P5I*ET4 ,DAY BY DAY ! /RIKE GREW 9TO A =MIDABLE ?REAT TO ! GOV]NM5T4 ,9 A LA/ DIT* ATTEMPT TO /AY 9 P[] & BREAK ! /RIKE1 ,MA*ADO GA9$ ! SUPPORT ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY & 9 EX*ANGE = ITS COOP]ATION ,MA*ADO PROMIS$ TO LEGALIZE ! ,P>TY & ALL[ ITS BUREAUCRATS TO CONTROL SEV]AL LABOR UNIONS4 ,! COMMUNI/S ACCEPT$ ,MA*ADO'S (F] & TRI$ TO BREAK ! /RIKE4 ,!Y FAIL$4 ,! /RIKE PRECIPITAT$ ! FALL ( ,MA*ADO 9 SPITE ( ! EF=TS ( ! COMMUNI/S & !IR LEAD] ,CES> ,VIL>1 TO HELP HIM /AY 9 P[]4 ,! ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,GR\PS ISSU$ A MANIFE/O EXPOS+ ! TREASON ( ! COMMUNI/S & URG+ ! WORK]S TO /& FA/ 9 !IR DET]M9ATION TO OV]?R[ ! TYRANT & HIS LIEUT5ANTS4 ,WE REPR9T EXTRACTS FROM ! MANIFE/O AS TRANSLAT$ 9 ! ORGAN ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD1 ,! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]1 ,*ICAGO1 ,OCTOB] #c1 #a#i#c#c4 ,MANIFE/O TO ! ,CUBAN ,WORK]S & ! ,PEOPLE 9 ,G5]AL ,! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,CUBA1 CONSCI\S ( ITS RESPONSIBILITY 9 !SE TIMES ( CONFUSION1 FEELS OBLIG$ TO EXPOSE BE=E ! WORK]S--& PUBLIC OP9ION--! BASE ACTIONS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 4 4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT ! TRU? IS ! MO/ P[]FUL WEAPON1 & ?AT IS ! WEAPON WE USE4 ,WE WANT EV]YBODY TO KN[ ! TRU?4 ,H]E IT IS444 ,ON ,AUGU/ #g? 7#a#i#c#c71 :5 ! G5]AL /RIKE AGA9/ ,MA*ADO & HIS REGIME HAD ! :OLE ISL& 9 ITS GRIP1 ,MA*ADO WAS FRITY CONTROLL$ PUPPET UNION1 ,NATIONAL ,LABOR ,CONF$]ATION .<,C,N,O,C.> 4 4 4 ) ! FULL AU?ORITY ( ITS ,COMMUNI/ LEAD]S (F]$ & >RANG$ AN AGREEM5T ) ! ,MA*ADO GOV]NM5T4 4 4 ,! DAY AFT] ! MA*9E GUN MASSACRE ( UN>M$ PEOPLE BY ! ,MA*ADO ASSASS9S ! ,COMMUNI/ LABOR FAK]S W]E TRANSPORT$ 9 LUXURI\S C>S PROVID$ BY ! MILIT>Y (FIC]S & ,MA*ADO'S ,SECRET>Y ( ,W> TO A BANQUET ) ,MA*ADO 9 ! MO/ EXP5SIVE LUXURY RE/AURANT 9 ,HAVANA--,EL ,C>MELO4 ,AT ! BANQUET1 ,MA*ADO AGRE$ TO RECOGNIZE ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEGALLY1 & GRANT O!R REQUE/S4 4 4 ,! COMMUNI/S MADE FRANTIC APPEALS TO ! WORK]S TO GO BACK TO WORK BECAUSE ! EMPLOY]S GRANT$ !IR DEM&S ,BUT ! WORK]S 79CLUD+ EV5 ! ,HAVANA BUS & TRANSPORTATION UNION1 CONTROLL$ BY ! COMMUNI/S7 REFUS$4 ,!Y DECID$ TO OBEY ONLY !IR [N CONSCI5CE & TO CONT9UE RESI/ANCE UNTIL ! ,MA*ADO REGIME IS OV]?R[N OR =C$ TO FLEE4 ,MA*ADO & HIS COMMUNI/ ALLIES RETALIAT$4 ,NO LABOR UNION WAS ALL[$ TO MEET4 ,! ,HAVANA ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR .<,F,O,H1 F\ND$ BY ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S.>1 TO :I* ! L>GE/ NUMB] ( NONPOLITICAL LABOR UNIONS W]E AFFILIAT$1 C\LD NOT MEET BECAUSE IT DID NOT HAVE A SIGN$ AU?ORIZATION FROM ! GOV]NM5T4 ,ONLY ! COMMUNI/S1 ?ANKS TO !IR BETRAYAL1 W]E ALL[$ TO MEET4 ,>M$ ) REVOLV]S :ILE ALL O!RS W]E =BIDD5 TO HOLD OR C>RY >MS & CON/ITUTIONAL RIMY BECAUSE ! FILL+ /ATIONS W]E CLOS$ BY ! /RIKE444 4 4 9 CONCLUSION WE WANT ! WORK]S & ! PEOPLE ( ,CUBA TO KN[ ?AT ! R5T = ! (FICES ( ! COMMUNI/ P>TY LABOR FRONT ! ,C,N,O,C IS PAID BY ! ,MA*ADO REGIME1 ?AT ! FURNITURE WAS =CIBLY TAK5 AWAY FROM ! ,HAVANA ,F$]ATION ( ,LABOR (FICES ) ! P]MISSION & ACTIVE HELP ( ,MA*ADO'S ,SECRET>Y ( ,W>444 ,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigc 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,FEBRU>Y #e1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/