,! ,DEMOCRATIC ,MY/IFICATION 

#aifi 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,JACQUES ,CAMATTE 

,TEXT 3 

,! PROLET>IAT'S ASSAULT ON ! CITADELS ( CAPITAL ONLY HAS A *ANCE ( SUCCESS ON CONDITION ?AT ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T F9I%ES ) DEMOCRACY ONCE & = ALL4 ,DEMOCRACY IS ! LA/ REFUGE ( ALL DISAV[ALS & BETRAYALS1 BECAUSE IT IS ! FIR/ HOPE ( ?OSE :O BELIEVE 9 PURIFY+ & RE-9VIGORAT+ ! CURR5T MOVEM5T :I* IS ROTT5 TO ITS CORE4 

,I 

#e4#a4 ,! ,G5]AL HI/ORICAL PH5OM5ON 

0,SOCIAL LIFE IS ESS5TIALLY PRACTICAL4 ,ALL MY/]IES :I* MISL$ !ORY 9TO MY/ICISM F9D !IR RATIONAL SOLUTION 9 HUMAN PRACTICE & 9 ! COMPREH5SION ( ?IS PRACTICE40 

7,M>X1 ,EI<? !SIS ON ,FEU]BA*7 

#e4#a4#a4 ,BROADLY SPEAK+1 ONE CAN DEF9E DEMOCRACY AS ! BEHAVIOR ( HUMANS1 ! ORGANIZATION ( ?OSE :O HAVE LO/ !IR ORIG9AL ORGANIC UNITY ) ! COMMUNITY4 ,?US IT EXI/S DUR+ ! :OLE P]IOD :I* SEP>ATES PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM FROM SCI5TIFIC COMMUNISM4 

#e4#a4#b4 ,DEMOCRACY WAS BORN FROM ! MOM5T ?AT !RE WAS A DIVISION BETWE5 M5 & ! ALLOCATION ( POSSESSION4 ,?AT IS TO SAY1 IT >OSE ) PRIVATE PROP]TY1 9DIVIDUALS & ! CLASS DIVISION ( SOCIETY1 ) ! =MATION ( ! /ATE4 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT IT BECOMES 9CREAS+LY PURE AS PRIVATE PROP]TY BECOMES MORE G5]AL & AS CLASSES APPE> MORE DI/9CTLY 9 SOCIETY4 

#e4#a4#c4 ,IT PRESUPPOSES A COMMON GOOD :I* IS DIVID$-UP4 ,LIMIT$ DEMOCRACY 9 ANCI5T SOCIETY PRESUPPOS$ ! EXI/5CE ( ! AG] PUBLICUS & SLAVES :O W]E NOT M54 ,9 MOD]N SOCIETY ?IS COMMON GOOD IS MORE UNIV]SAL 7T\*ES A GREAT] NUMB] ( M574 ,IT IS ALSO MORE AB/RACT & ILLUSORY3 ! HOMEL&4 

#e4#a4#d4 ,DEMOCRACY 9 NO WAY EXCLUDES AU?ORITY1 DICTATOR%IP & ?US ! ,/ATE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT NE$S ! ,/ATE AS A F\NDATION4 ,:O CAN GU>ANTEE ! ALLOCATION1 :O CAN REGULATE ! RELATIONS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS & BETWE5 !M & ! COMMON GOOD1 IF NOT ! ,/ATE8 

,9 FULLY DEVELOP$ CAPITALI/ SOCIETY ! ,/ATE ALSO PRES5TS ITSELF AS ! GU>DIAN ( R$I/RIBUTION FROM TWO DIFF]5T ANGLES3 IT PREV5TS ! PROLET>IAT FROM NIBBL+ AWAY ! SURPLUS-VALUE & IT GU>ANTEES ! DI/RIBUTION ( ?IS SURPLUS VALUE AS PR(IT1 9T]E/1 R5T ETC41 AMONG ! DIFF]5T CAPITALI/ SPH]ES4 

#e4#a4#e4 ,DEMOCRACY ?US IMPLIES ! EXI/5CE ( 9DIVIDUALS1 CLASSES & ! ,/ATE2 ) ! RESULT ?AT IT IS SIMULTANE\SLY A MODE ( GOV]NM5T1 A MODE ( DOM9ATION BY ONE CLASS1 & A ME*ANISM ( UNION & CONCILIATION4 

,ACTUALLY1 9 ! BEG9N+ ! ECONOMIC PROCESSES DIVID$ M5 7PROCESS ( EXPROPRIATION7 :O HAD BE5 UNIT$ 9 ! PRIMITIVE COMMUNITY4 ,ANCI5T SOCIAL RELATIONS W]E DE/ROY$4 ,GOLD BECAME A REAL P[] REPLAC+ ! AU?ORITY ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,M5 W]E OPPOS$ TO EA* O!R BECAUSE ( MAT]IAL ANTAGONISMS ?AT C\LD BREAK UP SOCIETY & MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE4 ,DEMOCRACY APPE>$ TO BE A MEANS ( RECONCIL+ OPPOSITES1 AS ! MO/ SUITABLE POLITICAL =M TO UNITE :AT WAS DIVID$4 ,IT REPRES5T$ CONCILIATION BETWE5 ! OLD COMMUNITY & ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,! MY/IFY+ =M LAY 9 ! APP>5T RECON/RUCTION ( A LO/ UNITY4 ,MY/IFICATION WAS PROGRESSIVE4 

,9 \R DAY1 AT ! OPPOSITE POLE ( HI/ORY1 ! ECONOMIC PROCESS HAS L$ TO ! SOCIALIZATION ( PRODUCTION & M54 ,POLITICS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 T5DS TO DIVIDE !M1 TO MA9TA9 !M AS SIMPLE SURFACES ( EX*ANGE = CAPITAL4 ,! COMMUNI/ =M BECOMES MORE & MORE P[]FUL )9 ! OLD CAPITALI/ WORLD4 ,DEMOCRACY SEEMS LIKE A CONCILIATION BETWE5 ! PA/1 /ILL ACT+ ON \R ACTUAL PRES5T1 & ! FUTURE -- COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,MY/IFICATION IS REACTION>Y4 

#e4#a4#f4 ,IT IS (T5 SAID ?AT ! SE$S 7OR SOME EV5 SAY ! =MS7 ( DEMOCRACY >E TO BE F\ND 9 ! ORIG9S ( ! LIFE ( \R SPECIES1 9 PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM4 ,H[EV] IT IS A MISUND]/&+ TO SEE ! MANIFE/ATION ( ! SE$S ( A HI<] =M APPE>+ SPORADICALLY 9 AN 9F]IOR =M4 ,?IS 0DEMOCRACY0 APPE>$ 9 V]Y SPECIFIC CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,ONCE !SE HAD 5D$1 !RE WAS A RETURN TO ! =M] MODE ( ORGANIZATION4 ,= EXAMPLE3 MILIT>Y DEMOCRACY AT ITS BEG9N+S4 ,! ELECTION ( ! LEAD] TOOK PLACE AT A P>TICUL> TIME & = SPECIFIC TASKS4 ,ONCE !SE W]E ACCOMPLI%$1 ! LEAD] WAS REABSORB$ 9TO ! COMMUNITY4 ,! DEMOCRACY :I* APPE>$ TEMPOR>ILY WAS REABSORB$4 ,IT WAS ! SAME = ?OSE =MS ( CAPITAL :I* ,M>X CALL$ ANTE-DELUVIAN4 ,USURY WAS ! >*AIC =M ( MONEY-CAPITAL :I* C\LD APPE> 9 ANCI5T SOCIETIES4 ,BUT ITS EXI/5CE WAS ALWAYS PREC>I\S1 BECAUSE SOCIETY DEF5D$ ITSELF AGA9/ ITS SOLV5T EFFECTS & BANI%$ IT4 ,IT WAS ONLY :5 MAN BECAME A COMMODITY1 ?AT CAPITAL C\LD DEVELOP ON A SAFE F\NDATION1 & C\LD NO LONG] BE REABSORB$4 ,DEMOCRACY CAN ONLY REALLY APPE> FROM ! MOM5T :5 M5 HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY DIVID$1 & ! UMBILICAL CORD L9K+ !M ) ! COMMUNITY HAS BE5 CUT2 ?AT IS1 :5 !RE >E 9DIVIDUALS4 

,COMMUNISM CAN SOMETIMES MANIFE/ ITSELF 9 ?IS SOCIETY1 BUT IT IS ALWAYS REABSORB$4 ,IT WILL ONLY BE ABLE TO REALLY DEVELOP FROM ! MOM5T :5 ! MAT]IAL COMMUNITY HAS BE5 DE/ROY$4 

#e4#a4#g4 ,! DEMOCRATIC PH5OM5ON APPE>S ) CL>ITY 9 TWO HI/ORICAL P]IODS3 AT ! TIME ( ! DISSOLUTION ( ! PRIMITIVE COMMUNITY 9 ,GREECE2 & AT ! TIME ( ! DISSOLUTION ( FEUDAL SOCIETY 9 WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,IT IS 9CONTE/ABLE1 ?AT DUR+ ?IS SECOND P]IOD ! PH5OM5ON APPE>$ ) GREAT] 9T5SITY1 BECAUSE M5 HAD REALLY BE5 R$UC$ TO ! /ATUS ( 9DIVIDUALS & ! ANCI5T SOCIAL RELATIONS C\LD NO LONG] UNITE !M4 ,! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION ALWAYS APPE>S AS ! SETT+ 9 MOTION ( ! MASSES4 ,FROM :I* >ISES ! B\RGEOIS PROBLEM3 H[ TO UNIFY !M & FIX !M )9 NEW SOCIAL =MS4 ,H5CE1 ! 9/ITUTIONAL MANIA & ! \TBUR/ ( RI<T 9 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION IS A SOCIAL REVOLUTION ) A POLITICAL S\L4 

,DUR+ ! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION1 ! MASSES WILL HAVE ALREADY BE5 ORGANIZ$ BY CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,!Y WILL NOT SEEK NEW =MS ( ORGANIZATION BUT WILL /RUCTURE A NEW COLLECTIVE BE+1 ! HUMAN COMMUNITY4 ,?IS APPE>S CLE>LY :5 ! CLASS ACTS 9 TIME AS AN HI/ORICAL BE+1 :5 IT CON/ITUTES ITSELF AS P>TY4 

,IT HAS BE5 SAID A NUMB] ( TIMES 9 ! COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T ?AT ! REVOLUTION IS NOT A PROBLEM ( =MS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,= CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 EV]Y?+ IS AN ORGANIZATIONAL QUE/ION4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ITS DEVELOPM5T1 ?IS APPE>S AS ! SE>* = GOOD 9/ITUTIONS2 AT ! 5D AS ! SE>* = ! BE/ /RUCTURES TO 5CLOSE M5 9 ! PRISONS ( CAPITAL3 FASCISM4 ,AT BO? EXTREMES1 DEMOCRACY IS AT ! HE>T ( ?IS SE>*3 FIR/ POLITICAL DEMOCRACY1 !N SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 

#e4#a4#h4 ,MY/IFICATION IS NOT A PH5OM5ON PLANN$ BY ! MEMB]S ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 A HOAX ?AT !Y P]PETRATE4 ,IF SO IT W\LD BE 5\< TO HAVE A SIMPLE ADEQUATE PROPAG&A TO ]ADICATE IT FROM M5'S M9DS4 ,9 FACT IT ACTS 9 ! DEP?S ( ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE1 )9 SOCIAL RELATIONS3 

0,A SOCIAL RELATION ( PRODUCTION APPE>S AS SOME?+ EXI/+ AP>T FROM 9DIVIDUAL HUMAN BE+S1 & ! DI/9CTIVE RELATIONS 9TO :I* !Y 5T] 9 ! C\RSE ( PRODUCTION 9 SOCIETY APPE> AS ! SPECIFIC PROP]TIES ( A ?+ -- IT IS ?IS P]V]T$ APPE>ANCE1 ?IS PROSAICALLY REAL1 & BY NO MEANS IMAG9>Y1 MY/IFICATION ?AT IS *>ACT]I/IC ( ALL SOCIAL =MS ( LABOR POSIT+ EX*ANGE-VALUE40 

7,M>X -- ',CONTRIBUTION TO ! ,CRITIQUE ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY'1 ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS ,VOL #bi P4#b#h#i7 

,IT IS ?US NECESS>Y TO EXPLA9 9 :AT WAYS REALITY IS MY/IFY+ & H[ ?IS SIMPLE MY/IFICATION AT ! BEG9N+1 BECOMES GREAT] & GREAT] & REA*ES ITS MAXIMUM ) CAPITALISM4 

#e4#a4#i4 ,ORIG9ALLY1 ! HUMAN COMMUNITY WAS SUBJECT TO ! DICTATOR%IP ( NATURE4 ,IT HAD TO FI<T AGA9/ IT TO SURVIVE4 ,! DICTATOR%IP WAS DIRECT & ! COMMUNITY 9 ITS TOTALITY WAS SUBJECT$ IT4 

,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( CLASS SOCIETY1 ! /ATE PRES5TS ITSELF AS REPRES5T+ ! COMMUNITY & PRET5DS TO EMBODY MAN'S /RUGGLE AGA9/ NATURE4 ,H[EV]1 GIV5 ! WEAKNESS ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES1 NATURE'S DICTATOR%IP IS ALWAYS EFFECTIVE4 ,IT IS 9DIRECT & M$IAT$ BY ! /ATE & WEI<S ESPECIALLY ON ! MO/ UND]PRIVILIG$ /RATA4 ,:5 ! /ATE DEF9ES MAN1 IT TAKES ! MAN ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS AS ! SUB/RATUM ( ITS DEF9ITION4 ,MY/IFICATION IS COMPLETE4 

#e4#a4#a4 ,UND] CAPITALISM1 !RE IS A FIR/ P]IOD :51 AL?\< ! B\RGEOISIE HAS TAK5 P[]1 CAPITAL ONLY DOM9ATES =MALLY4 ,MANY REMA9D]S ( PREVI\S SOCIAL =MATIONS P]SI/1 H9D]+ CAPITAL'S DOM9ATION OV] ! :OLE ( SOCIETY4 ,?IS IS ! EPO* ( POLITICAL DEMOCRACY :5 !RE IS ! APOLOGY ( 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY & FREE COMPETITION4 ,! B\RGEOISIE PRES5TS ?IS AS A MEANS ( LIB]ATION = M54 ,H[EV] ?IS IS A MY/IFICATION BECAUSE3 

0,9 FREE COMPETITION1 IT IS CAPITAL ?AT IS SET FREE1 NOT ! 9DIVIDUALS40 

7,M>X ',GRUNDRISSE' ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS ,V4 #bi P4 #c#h7 

0,H5CE444! ABSURDITY ( REG>D+ FREE COMPETITION AS ! ULTIMATE DEVELOPM5T ( HUMAN FRE$OM1 & ! NEGATION ( FREE COMPETITION AS EQUIVELANT TO ! NEGATION ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & ( SOCIAL PRODUCTION BAS$ UPON 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM4 ,IT IS M]ELY ! K9D ( FREE DEVELOPM5T POSSIBLE ON ! LIMIT$ BASIS ( ! DOM9ATION ( CAPITAL4 ,?IS TYPE ( 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM IS !RE=E1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ! MO/ SWEEP+ ABOLITION ( ALL 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM & ! COMPLETE SUBJUGATION ( 9DIVIDUALITY TO SOCIAL CONDITIONS :I* ASSUME ! =M ( OBJECTIVE P[]S1 9DE$ ( OV]P[]+ OBJECTS -- OBJECTS 9DEP5D5T ( ! 9DIVIDUALS RELAT+ TO ONE ANO!R4 ,TO BR+ \T ! ESS5CE ( FREE COMPETITION IS ! ONLY RATIONAL ANSW] TO ITS GLORIFICATION BY ! PROPHETS ( ! MIDDLE CLASS & TO ITS ANA!MATIZ+ BY ! SOCIALI/S40 

7,M>X ',GRUNDRISSE' ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS ,V4 #bi P4 #d7 

#e4#a4#a#a4 

0,DEMOCRACY & P>LIAM5T>IANISM >E 9DISP5SABLE = ! B\RGEOISIE AFT] ITS VICTORY BY =CE & T]ROR BECAUSE ! B\RGEOISIE WANT TO RULE A SOCIETY DIVID$ 9TO CLASSES40 

7',BATTAGLIA COMMUNI/A' NO4 #a#h1 #a#i#e#a7 

,IT REQUIR$ CONCILIATION TO BE ABLE TO DOM9ATE = IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT DOM9ATION %\LD 5DURE SOLELY ?R\< T]ROR4 ,AFT] ITS CONQUE/ ( P[] BY VIOL5CE & T]ROR1 ! PROLET>IAT DOES NOT NE$ DEMOCRACY1 NOT BECAUSE CLASSES DISAPPE> FROM ONE DAY TO ! NEXT1 BUT BECAUSE !RE MU/ NO LONG] BE ANY MASK+ OR MY/IFICATION4 ,DICTATOR%IP IS REQUIR$ TO PREV5T ANY RETURN ( ! OPPOS+ CLASS4 ,MOREOV]1 ! ACCESSION ( ! PROLET>IAT TO ! ,/ATE1 IS ITS [N NEGATION AS A CLASS1 AS WELL AS ! NEGATION ( ! O!R CLASSES4 ,IT IS ! BEG9N+ ( ! UNIFICATION ( ! SPECIES1 ( ! =MATION ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,TO DEM& DEMOCRACY W\LD IMPLY ! NE$ = CONCILIATION BETWE5 CLASSES & ?AT W\LD AM\NT TO D\BT+ ?AT COMMUNISM IS ! SOLUTION TO ALL ANTAGONISMS1 ?AT IT IS ! RECONCILIATION ( MAN ) HIMSELF4 

#e4#a4#a#b4 ,) CAPITAL1 ! ECONOMIC MOVEM5T IS NO LONG] SEP>ATE FROM ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T4 ,! UNION TOOK PLACE ) ! PUR*ASE & SALE ( LABOR P[]1 BUT IT L$ TO ! SUBMISSION ( M5 TO CAPITAL4 ,CAPITAL CON/ITUTES ITSELF AS MAT]IAL COMMUNITY & !RE >E NO MORE POLITICS S9CE IT IS CAPITAL ITSELF :I* ORGANIZES M5 AS SLAVES4 

,UNTIL ?IS HI/ORICAL /AGE !RE WAS A MORE OR LESS CLE> SEP>ATION BETWE5 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 ,POLITICAL DEMOCRACY C\LD BE 5VISAG$ AS A MEANS ( DI/RIBUT+ PRODUCTS MORE EQUITABLY4 ,BUT :5 ! MAT]IAL COMMUNITY IS A*IEV$1 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION >E 9DISSOLUBLY L9K$4 ,! IMP]ATIVES ( CIRCULATION ?US CONDITION DI/RIBUTION4 ,H[EV] CIRCULATION IS NO LONG] SOME?+ COMPLETELY EXT]NAL TO PRODUCTION BUT IS1 = CAPITAL1 AN ESS5TIAL MOM5T ( ITS TOTAL PROCESS4 ,IT IS ?US CAPITAL ITSELF :I* CONDITIONS DI/RIBUTION4 

,ALL M5 FULFILL A FUNCTION = CAPITAL :I* FUNDAM5TALLY PRESUPPOSES !IR EXI/5CE4 ,9 RELATION TO !IR EXECUTION ( ?IS FUNCTION1 M5 RECEIVE A C]TA9 DI/RIBUTION ( PRODUCTS ?R\< ! 9T]M$I>Y ( A WAGE4 ,WE HAVE A SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,9COMES POLICY IS A MEANS ( A*IEV+ IT4 

#e4#a4#a#c4 ,9 ! P]IOD ( ! =MAL DOM9ATION ( CAPITAL 7POLITICAL DEMOCRACY7 DEMOCRACY IS NOT A =M ( ORGANIZATION OPPOS$ AS SU* TO CAPITAL1 IT IS A ME*ANISM US$ BY ! CAPITALI/ CLASS TO ATTA9 DOM9ATION OV] SOCIETY4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ALL ! ORGANIZATIONAL =MS 9CLUD$ 9 ?IS /RUGGLE A*IEV$ ?IS SAME RESULT4 ,?AT IS :Y ! PROLET>IAT CAN ALSO CAN = A C]TA9 TIME 9T]V5E ON ?IS T]RA94 ,ON ! O!R H&1 OPPOSITIONS CAN ALSO OCCUR )9 ! SAME CLASS1 BETWE5 ! 9DU/RIAL & F9ANCIAL B\RGEOISIES1 = EXAMPLE4 ,P>LIAM5T IS !RE=E AN >5A :]E !SE V>I\S 9T]E/S CLA%4 ,! PROLET>IAT CAN USE P>LIAM5T AS A PLAT=M TO D5\NCE ! DEMOCRATIC MY/IFICATION & CAN USE UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE AS A MEANS TO ORGANIZE ! CLASS4 

,:5 CAPITAL >RIV$ AT ITS REAL DOM9ATION1 & CON/ITUT$ ITSELF AS A MAT]IAL COMMUNITY1 ! QUE/ION WAS RESOLV$3 IT SEIZ$ ! ,/ATE4 ,! CONQUE/ ( ! /ATE FROM 9SIDE NO LONG] POSES ITSELF BECAUSE IT IS NO MORE ?AN3 

0A =MALITY 1 ! HAUT G\T ( POPUL> EXI/5CE1 A C]EMONIAL4 ,! E/ATES ELEM5T IS ! SANCTION$1 LEGAL LIE ( CON/ITUTIONAL /ATES1 ! LIE ?AT ! /ATE IS ! PEOPLE'S 9T]E/1 OR ?AT ! PEOPLE IS ! 9T]E/ ( ! /ATE40 

7,M>X1 ',CONTRIBUTION TO ! ,CRITIQUE ( ,HEGELS ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,LAW' ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS ,V4 #c P#f#e -- ! WORD 0PEOPLE0 IS SUB/ITUT$ = 0NATION0 TO MAT* ! FR5* TRANSLATION CIT$ 9 ! ORIG9AL7 

#e4#a4#a#d4 ,! DEMOCRATIC /ATE REPRES5TS ! ILLUSION ( CONTROL OV] SOCIETY BY MAN 7?AT MAN CAN DIRECT ! ECONOMIC PH5OM5ON74 ,IT PROCLAIMS MAN SOV]EIGN4 ,! FASCI/ ,/ATE IS ! REALIZATION ( ?IS MY/IFICATION 79 ?IS S5SE IT CAN APPE> AS ITS NEGATION74 ,MAN IS NOT SOV]EIGN4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ?IS IS 9 FACT1 ! REAL ACKN[L$G$ =M ( ! CAPITALI/ /ATE3 ! ABSOLUTE DOM9ATION ( CAPITAL4 ,SOCIAL UNITY CANNOT EXI/ ) A DIVORCE BETWE5 !ORY & PRACTICE4 ,!ORY SAID3 MAN IS SOV]EIGN2 PRACTICE AFFIRM$3 IT IS CAPITAL4 ,ONLY 9S(> AS ! LATT] HAD NOT COME TO DOM9ATE SOCIETY ABSOLUTELY1 WAS !RE POSSIBILITY ( IMBALANCE4 ,9 ! FASCI/ /ATE REALITY SUBJUGATES ! IDEA TO MAKE A REAL IDEA ( IT4 ,9 ! DEMOCRATIC /ATE ! IDEA SUBJUGATES REALITY TO MAKE AN IMAG9>Y REALITY ( IT4 ,! DEMOCRACY ( CAPITAL'S SLAVES SUPPRESSES MY/IFICATION ! BETT] TO A*IEVE IT4 ,! DEMOCRATS WI% TO HI<LI<T IT :5 !Y BELIEVE IT CAN RECONCILE ! PROLET>IAT ) CAPITAL4 

,SOCIETY HAV+ F\ND ! BE+ ( ITS OPPRESSION 7:I* ABOLI%ES ! DUALITY1 ! REALITY_/?\<T IMBALANCE71 IT IS NECESS>Y TO OPPOSE TO IT ! LIB]ATORY BE+ :I* REPRES5TS ! HUMAN COMMUNITY3 ! COMMUNI/ P>TY4 

#e4#a4#a#e4 ,H5CE MO/ N9ETE5? C5TURY !ORI/S W]E /ATI/S4 ,!Y ?\<T ?AT !Y C\LD RESOLVE ! SOCIAL FACTS AT ! LEVEL ( ! /ATE4 ,!Y W]E M$IATI/S4 

,ONLY !Y DID NOT UND]/& ?AT ! PROLET>IAT NOT ONLY HAD TO DE/ROY ! OLD /ATE MA*9E1 BUT ALSO HAD TO PUT ANO!R 9 ITS PLACE4 ,MANY SOCIALI/S BELIEV$ ?AT IT WAS POSSIBLE TO CONQU] ! /ATE FROM 9SIDE & ! AN>*I/S BELIEV$ ?AT ONE C\LD ABOLI% IT FROM ONE DAY TO ! NEXT4 

,TW5TIE? C5TURY !ORI/S >E CORPORATI/S BECAUSE !Y ?9K ?AT IT IS ONLY A MATT] ( ORGANIZ+ PRODUCTION & ( HUMANIZ+ IT TO RESOLVE ALL PROBLEMS4 ,!Y >E IMM$IATI/S4 ,?IS IS AN 9DIRECT PRO( ( ! !ORY ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,TO SAY ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO RECONCILE ! PROLET>IAT ) ! ECONOMIC MOVEM5T1 IS TO RECOGNIZE ?AT A SOLUTION CAN ONLY EM]GE ON ?IS T]RA94 ,?IS IMM$IATISM >ISES FROM ! FACT ?AT COMMUNI/ SOCIETY IS =EV] /R5G!N+ 9SIDE CAPITALISM ITSELF4 ,IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( RECONCIL+ ! TWO1 BUT ( DE/ROY+ ! P[] ( CAPITAL1 ITS ORGANIZ$ /R5G? 1 ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE1 :I* MA9TA9S PRIVATE MONOPOLY :5 ALL ECONOMIC ME*ANISMS T5D TO MAKE IT DISAPPE>4 ,! COMMUNI/ SOLUTION IS M$IATE4 ,REALITY SEEMS TO EVADE ! /ATE1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO HI<LI<T IT &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 TO 9DICATE ! NE$ = ANO!R TRANSITORY /ATE3 ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

#e4#a4#a#f4 ,! DEVELOPM5T T[>DS SOCIAL DEMOCRACY WAS DISC\NT$ FROM ! />T3 

0,:ILE ! P[] ( MONEY IS NOT ! RELATION ( ?+S & M51 SOCIAL RELATIONS HAVE TO BE ORGANIZ$ POLITICALLY & RELIGI\SLY40 

7,M>X7 

,M>X ALWAYS D5\NC$ ! SW9DLE ( POLITICS & LAID B>E ! REAL RELATIONS3 

0,!RE=E IT IS A NATURAL NECESSITY 1 ! ESS5TIAL HUMAN PROP]TIES H[EV] E/RANG$ !Y MAY SEEM TO BE1 & 9T]E/ ?AT HOLD ! MEMB]S ( CIVIL SOCIETY TOGE!R2 CIVIL 1 NOT POLITICAL LIFE IS !IR REAL TIE40 

7',! ,HOLY ,FAMILY' ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS ,VOL4 #d P4 #a#b7 

0,PRECISELY ! SLAV]Y ( CIVIL SOCIETY IS 9 APPE>ANCE ! GREATE/ FRE$OM BECAUSE IT IS 9 APPE>ANCE ! FULLY DEVELOP$ 9DEP5D5CE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 :O CONSID]S AS HIS [N FRE$OM ! UNCURB$ MOVEM5T1 NO LONG] B\ND BY A COMMON BOND OR MAN1 ( ! E/RANG$ ELEM5TS ( HIS LIFE1 SU* AS PROP]TY1 9DU/RY1 RELIGION1 ETC41 :]EAS ACTUALLY ?IS IS HIS FULLY DEVELOP$ SLAV]Y & 9HUMANITY4 ,LAW HAS H]E TAK5 ! PLACE ( PRIVILEGE40 

7',! ,HOLY ,FAMILY' ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS ,VOL4 #d P4 #a#a#f7 

,! QUE/ION ( DEMOCRACY ONLY REMA9S 9 ANO!R =M AS ! FALSE OPPOSITION BETWE5 COMPETITION & MONOPOLY4 ,! MAT]IAL COMMUNITY 9TEGRATES ! TWO4 ,) FASCISM 7"7 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY71 DEMOCRACY & DICTATOR%IP >E ALSO 9TEGRAT$4 ,IT IS A MEANS = OV]COM+ AN>*Y4 

0,AN>*Y IS ! LAW ( CIVIL SOCIETY EMANCIPAT$ FROM DIV]SE PRIVILEGES1 & ! AN>*Y ( CIVIL SOCIETY IS ! BASIS ( ! MOD]N PUBLIC SY/EM1 JU/ AS ! PUBLIC SY/EM 9 ITS TURN ITS ! GU>ANTEE ( ?AT AN>*Y4 ,TO ! SAME EXT5T ?AT ! TWO >E OPPOS$ TO EA* O!R !Y ALSO DET]M9E EA* O!R40 

7',! ,HOLY ,FAMILY' ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS ,VOL4 #d P4 #a#a#g7 

#e4#a4#a#g4 ,N[ ?AT ! B\RGEOIS CLASS1 :I* L$ ! REVOLUTION :I* ALL[$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITAL1 HAS DISAPPE>$1 & BE5 REPLAC$ BY ! CAPITALI/ CLASS :I* LIVES ON CAPITAL & ITS VALORIZATION PROCESS1 CAPITALS DOM9ATION HAS BE5 ASSUR$ 7FASCISM7 & BECAUSE ( ?IS !RE IS NO LONG] A NE$ = A POLITICAL CONCILIATION1 S9CE IT IS SUP]FLU\S1 BUT = AN ECONOMIC CONCILIATION 7CORPORATISM1 DOCTR9E ( NE$S ETC471 & IT IS ! MIDDLE CLASSES :I* >E ADEPTS ( DEMOCRACY4 ,ONLY ! MORE CAPITALISM GR[S1 ! MORE ! ILLUSION ( BE+ ABLE TO %>E MANAGEM5T ) CAPITAL VANI%ES4 ,ALL ?AT REMA9S IS ! DEM& = A SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ) POLITICAL PRET5SIONS3 DEMOCRATIC PLANN+1 FULL EMPLOYM5T ETC44 ,H[EV] BY CREAT+ SOCIAL SECURITY1 :ILE TRY+ TO MA9TA9 ! FULL EMPLOYM5T ?AT IT CLAIMS1 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY A*IEVES ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 QUE/ION3 ?AT ( SLAVES TO CAPITAL4 

,) ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! NEW MIDDLE CLASSES ! DEM& = DEMOCRACY TAKES ON A T+E -- ONLY -- ( COMMUNISM4 

#e4#a4#a#h4 ,:AT HAS BE5 WRITT5 ABOVE DEALS ) ! ,EUROPEAN_/,NOR? ,AM]ICAN >EA & HAS NO VALIDITY = ! C\NTRIES :]E ! ,ASIATIC MODE ( PRODUCTION = A LONG TIME PR$OM9AT$ 7,ASIA1 ,AFRICA7 OR :]E IT /ILL DOM9ATES 7E4G4 ,9DIA74 ,9 !SE C\NTRIES1 ! 9DIVIDUAL HAS NOT BE5 PRODUC$4 ,PRIVATE PROP]TY C\LD APPE> BUT IT C\LD NOT AUTONOMISE ITSELF2 IT IS ! SAME = ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,?IS IS RELAT$ TO ! GEO-SOCIAL CONDITIONS ( !SE C\NTRIES & EXPLA9S ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( CAPITAL DEVELOP+ ITSELF !RE1 AS LONG AS IT HAS NOT CON/ITUT$ ITSELF AS COMMUNITY4 ,TO PUT IT ANO!R WAY1 IT IS ONLY :5 IT HAS REA*$ ?IS /AGE ?AT CAPITALISM WILL BE ABLE TO REPLACE ! ANCI5T COMMUNITY & ?US CONQU] IMM5SE ZONES4 ,ONLY1 9 !SE C\NTRIES1 M5 CANNOT BEHAVE AS 9 ! ,WE/4 ,POLITICAL DEMOCRACY IS NECESS>ILY AVOID$4 ,ONE CAN HAVE1 AT MO/1 ONLY SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 

,?IS IS :Y 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES MO/ RACK$ BY ! IMPLANTATION ( CAPITALISM WE HAVE A D\BLE PH5OM5ON3 A CONCILIATION BETWE5 ! REAL MOVEM5T & ! ANCI5T COMMUNITY1 & ANO!R ) ! FUTURE COMMUNITY3 COMMUNISM4 ,H5CE ! DIFFICULTY 9 DEAL+ ) !SE SOCIETIES4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 A :OLE IMM5SE SECTION ( HUMANITY WILL NOT KN[ ! DEMOCRATIC MY/IFICATION AS IT IS KN[N 9 ! ,WE/4 ,?IS IS A POSITIVE FACT = ! COM+ REVOLUTION4 

,) REG>D TO ,RUSSIA1 WE HAVE AN 9T]M$IATE CASE4 ,WE CAN NOTE ) :AT DIFFICULTY CAPITALISM WAS E/ABLI%$ !RE4 ,IT NE$$ A PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,!RE TOO1 WE/]N POLITICAL DEMOCRACY DID NOT HAVE A BASIS = DEVELOPM5T & WE MAY NOTE ?AT IT CANNOT FL\RI% !RE4 ,AS 9 ! CONTEMPOR>Y ,WE/1 WE WILL HAVE SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,UN=TUNATELY OV] !RE ALSO1 ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION BR\<T POISON 9 ! =M ( PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY &1 = MANY1 ! 9VOLUTION ( ! REVOLUTION IS TO BE S\<T = 9 ! NON-REALIZATION ( DEMOCRACY4 

,! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION WILL BEG9 AGA91 BY RECOGNIZ+ !SE FACTS & GRANT+ !M !IR FULL IMPORTANCE4 ,! PROLET>IAT WILL RECON/ITUTE ITSELF AS CLASS & ?US AS P>TY1 9 ?IS WAY SUP]S$+ ! CRAMP$ LIMITS ( ALL CLASS SOCIETIES4 ,! HUMAN SPECIES WILL F9ALLY BE UNIFI$ & =M A S+LE BE+4 

#e4#a4#a#i4 ,ALL HI/ORICAL =MS ( DEMOCRACY CORRESPOND$ TO /AGES ( DEVELOPM5T :]E PRODUCTION WAS LIMIT$4 ,! V>I\S REVOLUTIONS :I* FOLL[$ ONE ANO!R W]E P>TIAL REVOLUTIONS4 ,ECONOMIC PROGRESS WAS UNABLE TO TAKE PLACE1 & TO ADVANCE1 )\T ! EXPLOITATION ( A CLASS OCCUR+4 ,WE MAY NOTE ?AT S9CE ANTIQUITY REVOLUTIONS HAVE CONTRIBUT$ TO ! EMANCIPATION ( AN 9CREAS+ SECTION ( HUMANITY4 ,FROM :I* >OSE ! IDEA ?AT WE >E MOV+ T[>DS P]FECT DEMOCRACY1 A DEMOCRACY GA!R+ TOGE!R ALL M54 ,AS A RESULT MANY >E 9 A HURRY TO MAKE ! EQUATION3 SOCIALISM "7 DEMOCRACY4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO SAY1 ?AT ) ! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION & ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT1 A GREAT] SECTION ( HUMANITY ?AN BE=E 5T]S ! DOMA9 ( ?IS IDEAL DEMORACY2 & ?AT BY G5]ALIZ+ ! PROLET>IAN CONDITION TO ! :OLE ( SOCIETY1 ! PROLET>IAT ABOLI%ES CLASSES & A*IEVES DEMOCRACY 7! ',COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O' /AT$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION IS ! CONQUE/ ( DEMOCRACY74 ,H[EV] IT IS NECESS>Y TO ADD1 ?AT ?IS PASSAGE TO ! LIMIT1 ?IS G5]ALIZATION1 IS AT ! SAME TIME ! DE/RUCTION ( DEMOCRACY4 ,BECAUSE AT ! SAME TIME1 ! HUMAN MASS DOES NOT REMA9 CON/ITUT$ ) ! /ATUS ( A SIMPLE SUM ( 9DIVIDUALS1 ALL EQUIVAL5TS 9 RI<T IF NOT 9 FACT4 ,?AT CAN ONLY BE A REALITY = A V]Y %ORT MOM5T ( HI/ORY1 DUE TO =C$ EQUALIZATION4 ,HUMANITY WILL CON/ITUTE ITSELF 9 A COLLECTIVE BE+1 ! ,GEME9WES54 ,?IS IS BORN \TSIDE ! DEMOCRATIC PH5OM5ON1 & IT IS ! PROLET>IAT CON/ITUT$ AS P>TY :I* TRANSMITS ?IS TO SOCIETY4 ,:5 ONE PASSES ON TO FUTURE SOCIETY1 !RE IS A QUALITATIVE *ANGE1 & NOT M]ELY A QUANTITATIVE ONE4 ,= DEMOCRACY IS 0! ANTI-M>XI/ RULE ( ?IS P[]LESS QUANTITY1 = ALL ET]NITY1 TO BECOME QUALITY04 ,TO DEM& DEMOCRACY = PO/-REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY IS TO DEM& IMPOT5CE4 ,9 ADDITION1 ! COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION IS NO LONG] A P>TIAL REVOLUTION4 ,) IT1 PROGRESSIVE EMANCIPATION F9I%ES1 & RADICAL EMANCIPATION IS A*IEV$4 ,H]E AGA9 !RE IS A QUALITATIVE LEAP4 

#e4#a4#b4 ,DEMOCRACY IS BAS$ ON A DUALISM1 & IS ! MEANS TO SURM\NT IT4 ,?US IT RESOLVES ! DUALISM BETWE5 SPIRIT & MATT]1 :I* IS EQUIVELANT TO ?AT BETWE5 GREAT M5 & MASS1 ?R\< DELEGATION ( P[]S2 ?AT BETWE5 CITIZ5 & MAN1 ?R\< ! BALLOT PAP] & UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,9 FACT UND] ! PRETEXT ( ! ACCESSION TO REALITY ( TOTAL BE+1 !RE IS A DELEGATION ( ! SOV]EIGNTY ( MAN TO ! /ATE4 ,MAN DIVE/S HIMSELF ( HIS HUMAN P[]4 

,! SEP>ATION ( P[]S REQUIRES !IR UNITY & ?IS IS ALWAYS DONE BY VIOLATION ( A CON/ITUTION4 ,?IS VIOLATION IS F\ND$ ON A DIVORCE BETWE5 SITUATION 9 FACT & SITUATION 9 RI<T4 ,! PASSAGE FROM ONE TO ! O!R BE+ ASSUR$ BY VIOL5CE4 

,! DEMOCRATIC PR9CIPLE 9 REALITY IS ONLY ! ACCEPTANCE ( A GIV5 FACT3 ! SCISSION ( REALITY1 ! DUALISM L9K$ TO CLASS SOCIETY4 

#e4#a4#b#a4 ,(T5 SOME WI% TO OPPOSE DEMOCRACY 9 G5]AL1 AN EMPTY CONCEPT1 TO A =M ( DEMOCRACY :I* W\LD BE ! KEY TO HUMAN EMANCIPATION4 ,N[ :AT IS A FACT1 :OSE *>ACT]I/IC IS NOT ONLY 9 CONTRADICTION ) ITS G5]AL CONCEPT1 BUT MU/ BE ITS NEGATION8 ,9 REALITY !ORIZ+ A P>TICUL> DEMOCRACY 7PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY = EXAMPLE7 /ILL EVADES ! QUANTITATIVE LEAP4 ,9DE$1 EI!R ! DEMOCRATIC =M 9 QUE/ION REALLY CONTRADICTS ! G5]AL CONCEPT ( DEMOCRACY1 & ?US IS REALLY SOME?+ ELSE 7:Y1 !N1 CALL IT DEMOCRACY871 OR IT IS COMPATIBLE ) ?IS CONCEPT1 & !RE CAN ONLY BE A CONTRADICTION ( A QUANTITATIVE NATURE 7= EXAMPLE ?AT IT 9CLUDES A GREAT] NUMB] ( M571 &1 BECAUSE ( ?IS1 IT DOES NOT GO BEYOND ! LIMITS ( ! CONCEPT1 EV5 IF IT T5DS TO PU% !M BACK4 

,?IS !SIS (T5 APPE>S 9 ! =M3 PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY IS NOT B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY1 & ONE WILL TALK ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY TO %[ ?AT :ILE ! SECOND NE$S A BREAK1 A DUALITY 7DELEGATION ( P[]S71 ! FIR/ D5IES ?IS4 ,! FUTURE SOCIETY IS ?US DEF9$ AS BE+ ! REALIZATION ( DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 

,?IS IS ONLY A NEGATIVE NEGATION ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 & NOT ITS POSITIVE NEGATION4 ,IT /ILL WANTS TO DEF9E COMMUNISM AS A MODE ( ORGANIZATION ?AT W\LD BE MORE ADEQUATE TO V>I\S HUMAN MANIFE/ATIONS4 ,BUT COMMUNISM IS ! AFFIRMATION ( A BE+1 ! TRUE ,GEME9WES5 ( MAN4 ,DIRECT DEMOCRACY APPE>S TO BE A MEANS = A*IEV+ COMMUNISM4 ,H[EV] COMMUNISM DOES NOT NE$ SU* A M$IATION4 ,IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( HAV+ OR ( DO+1 BUT ( BE+4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aifh 3 ,! ,DEMOCRATIC ,MY/IFICATION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#a1 #bb 3 ,! ,DEMOCRATIC ,MY/IFICATION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,DEMOCRATIC ,MY/IFICATION -- ,UPDAT$4 

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