,! ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,LOVE @& ,RAGE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,*RI/OPH] ,DAY 

,TEXT 3 

,:5 PEOPLE ASK :AT ,LOVE & ,RAGE IS WE USUALLY (F] AN ANSW] LIKE 0! ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,F$]ATION IS MADE UP ( AN>*I/ GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS SCATT]$ ACROSS ! ,U4,S41 ,CANADA1 & ,MEXICO4 ,WE PUBLI% TWO NEWSPAP]S4 ,WE HAVE 5GAG$ 9 SU* & SU* ACTIONS4 ,& WE %>E SOME BASIC POLITICS :I* >E 4440 ,?IS SORT ( ANSW] IS NEV] SATISFACTORY4 ,! ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,F$]ATION1 LIKE ANY POLITICAL =MATION1 CAN NOT BE UND]/OOD SIMPLY AS A COLLECTION ( GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS1 NOR EV5 9 T]MS ( \R ACTIONS1 OR EV5 \R /AT$ POLITICS4 ,! ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,F$]ATION IS ! PRODUCT ( ITS HI/ORY4 ,UND]/&+ ?AT HI/ORY IS ! ONLY WAY TO UND]/& :Y ! ,F$]ATION IS ! WAY IT IS & H[ IT CAN MOVE =W>D4 

,?IS HI/ORY ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE IS A GREATLY REVIS$ V]SION ( AN E>LI] HI/ORY CIRCULAT$ AT ! #aiic ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,CONF]5CE 9 ,SAN ,DIEGO4 ,MU* ( ! HI/ORY IS ACTUALLY AN ACC\NT ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ! #a#i#hS4 ,?IS HI/ORY IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT %AP$ ! PEOPLE :O LAUN*$ ,LOVE & ,RAGE4 ,! HI/ORY S9CE ! ,SAN ,DIEGO CONF]5CE IS CONSID]ABLY LESS 9 DEP? = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT IT IS EASI] TO GET BY LOOK+ ?R\< REC5T ISSUES ( ! NEWSPAP]S & ! ,F$]ATION ,BULLET9 & BECAUSE IT IS ALWAYS MORE DIFFICULT TO WRITE A USEFUL HI/ORY ( REC5T EV5TS4 ,TIME HAS YET TO DET]M9E :I* EV5TS >E IMPORTANT & :I* >E EXTRANE\S4 ,AT ANY RATE ! ,SAN ,DIEGO ,CONF]5CE WAS TURN+ PO9T 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ORGANIZATION & MU* ?AT HAS HAPP5$ S9CE !N GR[S \T ( ! DECISIONS ?AT W]E MADE AT ?AT CONF]5CE4 

,! ,POLITICAL ,PRE-,HI/ORY ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE 

  

,:ILE A NUMB] ( PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 ,LOVE & ,RAGE HAVE HI/ORIES ?AT GO BACK F>!R IT IS G5]ALLY FAIR TO SAY ?AT ,LOVE & ,RAGE HAS ITS ROOTS 9 ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ( ! #a#i#hS4 ,UNLIKE ! #a#i#fS & #gS ! SOCIAL MOVEM5TS ( ! #a#i#hS W]E RELATIVELY WEAK4 ,:ILE MILLIONS ( PEOPLE P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! V>I\S MOVEM5TS 7AGA9/ NUCLE> WEAPONS1 AGA9/ ,U4,S4 9T]V5TION 9 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA1 = DIVE/M5T FROM ,S\? ,AFRICA1 & SO ON71 & !SE MOVEM5TS WON SOME IMPORTANT VICTORIES1 !Y DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 REV]S+ ! G5]AL POLITICAL TURN TO ! RI<T 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,:ILE MANY PEOPLE W]E RADICALIZ$ TO V>Y+ DEGREES1 !Y DID NOT E/ABLI% A BROAD RADICAL MOVEM5T1 & ! /RUGGLES ( ! #a#i#hS G5]ALLY RETA9$ A S+LE ISSUE *>ACT]4 

,LOVE & ,RAGE IS ONE ( ( ! V]Y FEW REVOLUTION>Y GR\PS >\ND TODAY ?AT DID NOT COME MA9LY \T ( ! MOVEM5TS ( ! #a#i#fS4 ,IT IS A =MATION ) AN EXPLICIT COMMITM5T TO REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS ?AT IS L>GELY ! CREATION ( ACTIVI/S :O BECAME POLITICALLY ACTIVE 9 ! #a#i#hS & #iS4 ,?IS HAS BE5 BO? A /R5G? & WEAKNESS4 ,WE HAVE B5EFITT$ FROM NOT BE+ DEF9$ BY EV5TS & /RUGGLES ?AT SEEM TO MANY Y\NG ACTIVI/S TO BE ANCI5T HI/ORY4 ,ON ! O!R H& ?AT LACK ( HI/ORICAL CONNECTION HAS COMPELL$ US TO RE-9V5T ! :EEL SOMETIMES4 ,MANY ( ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y FEATURES ( A FUNCTION+ ORGANIZATION WE HAD TO DISCOV] BY TRIAL & ]ROR4 ,AN>*ISM HAS A /RONG ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL CURR5T )9 IT ?AT EV5 9FLU5CES ! ?9K+ ( AN>*I/S :O HAVE A G5]AL APPRECIATION ( ! NE$ = SOME SORT ( ORGANIZATION4 ,CONSEQU5TLY !RE HAS BE5 CONSID]ABLE RESI/ANCE TO EA* /EP ,LOVE & ,RAGE HAS TAK5 TO BECOME A MORE EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION4 ,AN IMPORTANT P>T ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE'S HI/ORY IS ! PA9/AK+ PROCESS BY :I* WE DEVELOP$ 9TO A FUNCTION+ ORGANIZATION4 ,OBVI\SLY ?IS PROCESS IS AN ONGO+ ONE4 ,SO AS WE /RUGGLE TO IMPROVE ! ORGANIZATION IT IS USEFUL TO KN[ :]E ITS BE54 

,! ,E>LY #hS 

  
  

,! =MALLY LOOSE & UNAU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE ( ! AFF9ITY GR\PS & ! ORGANIZATION AS A :OLE IS COMP5SAT$ BY PROC$URES ( IDEOLOGICAL & SOCIAL PRE-SELECTION BAS$ ON ! CONS5SUS PROCESS444 ,! PROCESS IS =MALLY DEMOCRATIC LIKE M9ORITY_/MAJORITY SY/EMS1 DELEGATION SY/EMS1 & DECISION BY LOT4 ,BUT ON ! LEVEL ( CLASS REALITY1 IT EXCLUDES ! LESS QUALIFI$ LABOR =CE OR PEOPLE :O >E =C$ 9TO FULL-TIME JOBS OR >E EXHAU/$ BY WORK4 ,CONS5SUS1 !RE=E1 FAVORS PEOPLE ) PSY*OLOGICAL & SOCIOLOGICAL $UCATION S9CE PHYSICAL P[] IS NOT ALL[$ TO 5ET] GR\P DECISION MAK+4  
  

FROM ,/RANGE ,VICTORIES1  

 ,! ,ANTI-,NUCLE> ,MOVEM5T 9 ! ,U4,S4 & ,EUROPE  

 BY ,MIDNI<T ,NOTES1 #aigi  

  

,! L>GE/ SOCIAL MOVEM5T ( ! E>LY #a#i#hS WAS ! MOVEM5T = NUCLE> DIS>MAM5T ?AT ROSE UP 9 RESPONSE TO ! ESCALATION ( ! NUCLE> >MS RACE ?AT BEGAN UND] ,JIMMY ,C>T] & WAS DRAMATICALLY ACCEL]AT$ UND] ,RONALD ,REAGAN4 ,?IS MOVEM5T HAD ITS ROOTS 9 ! ANTI-NUCLE> P[] MOVEM5T ( ! LATE #a#i#gS BUT SUCCE$$ 9 MOBILIZ+ A MU* BROAD] COALITION ( =CES4 ,9 G5]AL ?IS MOVEM5T WAS LIB]AL & RE=MI/1 DEM&+ A FREEZE 9 ! PRODUCTION1 TE/+ & DEPLOYM5T ( NUCLE> WEAPONS4 ,! DIRECT ACTION W+ ( ! MOVEM5T WAS OV]:ELM+LY DOM9AT$ BY ! PACIFI/ IDEOLOGY ?AT HAD DRIV5 ! ANTI-NUCLE> P[] MOVEM5T4 

,9 ,WE/ ,G]MANY ! MOVEM5T DEVELOP$ A MU* MORE MILITANT W+ >\ND ! ,AUTONOM51 ! ANTI AU?ORIT>IAN Y\? MOVEM5T BAS$ MA9LY 9 ! FL\RI%+ SQUATT]S SC5E ( ,B]L9 & O!R CITIES4 ,DUR+ ! 0,HOT ,AUTUMN0 ( #aihc ! ,AUTONOM5 W]E ABLE TO C>RY \T MASSIVE1 MILITANT & ILLEGAL DEMON/RATIONS ?AT DRAMATICALLY *ALL5G$ ! DEPLOYM5T ( ,U4,S4 MISSILES 9 ,G]MANY4 ,! ,AUTONOM5 W]E AN IMPORTANT 9SPIRATION = ! Y\NG ACTIVI/S 9 ! ,U4,S4 & ,CANADA :O W\LD BE ATTRACT$ TO & :O W\LD RE9VIGORATE ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( ! #a#i#gS WAS P>T ( A L>G] RADICAL_/MILITANT SC5E ?AT WAS 9 MANY RESPECTS /ILL PROPELL$ BY ! SOCIAL EXPLOSIONS ( ! LATE #a#i#fS & E>LY #gS4 ,?AT RADICAL_/MILITANT SC5E WAS ABLE TO COMPOSE ITSELF AS A PRES5CE )9 ! ANTI-NUCLE> P[] MOVEM5T1 BUT WAS EFFECTIVELY ECLIPS$ BY ! RE=MISM ( ! ,NUCLE> ,WEAPONS ,FREEZE CAMPAIGN4 ,PACIFISM WAS A /RONG CURR5T AMONG ! AN>*I/S )9 ! ANTI-NUKE MOVEM5T & IT HEAVILY 9FLU5C$ ! ?9K+ ( Y\NG] PEOPLE ATTRACT$ TO ! ! DIRECT ACTION ORI5TATION ( ?AT SECTOR ( ! ANTI-NUKE MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS SEV]AL YE>S BE=E A NEW G5]ATION ( RADICAL ACTIVI/S1 NOT TI$ TO ! #fS1 WAS ABLE TO ASS]T ITSELF4 

,?IS NEW G5]ATION WAS MORE CULTURALLY ROOT$ 9 ! PUNK SC5E ( ! #hS ?AN 9 ! HIPPIE SC5E ( ! #fS ?AT /ILL HEAVILY 9FLU5C$ ! E?OS ( RADICAL POLITICS4 ,ONE ( ! E>LIE/ 9DICATIONS ?AT !RE WAS A NEW G5]ATION ( RADICAL Y\? WAS \TSIDE ! #aihd ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY CONV5TION 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO & ! ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY CONV5TION 9 ,DALLAS4 ,AT BO? CONV5TIONS 0,W>*E/ ,T\RS0 MOV$ ?R\< ! D[NT[N >EAS C>RY+ \T SPIRIT$ & !ATRICAL ATTACKS ON ! BUILD+S ( ! V>I\S CORPORATE SPONSORS ( ! CONV5TIONS4 ,ON SEV]AL OCCASIONS ! ,W>*E/ ,T\RS TURN$ 9TO RUNN+ BATTLES ) ! COPS4 ,! ,W>*E/ ,T\R BECAME A MODEL = ACTIONS ?AT W\LD %APE ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T = ! NEXT SEV]AL YE>S4 

,NO ,BUS9ESS ,AS ,USUAL 

  
 ,!Y ,WON'T ,LI/5 TO REASON 

 ,!Y ,WON'T ,BE ,B\ND ,BY ,VOTES 

 ,WORLD ,W> ,?REE ,MU/ ,BE ,/OPP$ 

 ,NO ,MATT] ,:AT IT ,TAKES0  

  
  

,FROM ! ,NO ,BUS9ESS ,AS ,USUAL ,CALL = ,ACTIONS ON ,APRIL #b#i1 #aihe  

  

,! ,DEMOCRATIC & ,REPUBLICAN ,CONV5TIONS ATTRACT$ HUNDR$S ( Y\NG1 MA9LY AN>*I/ Y\? FROM ACROSS ! ,U4,S4 :O CAME AWAY ) ! FEEL+ ?AT !Y W]E ON ! CUTT+ $GE ( A RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T & ?AT SIMIL> ACTIONS %\LD BE ORGANIZ$ EV]Y:]E4 ,! =M ?IS TOOK WAS ,NO ,BUS9ESS ,AS ,USUAL1 AN UNHOLY ALLIANCE ( AN>*I/S1 9DEP5D5T RADICALS & ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 7,R,C,P74 ,NO ,BUS9ESS ,AS ,USUAL 7,N,B,A,U7 />T$ AS A CALL = A DAY ( MILITANT DIRECT ACTION1 ,APRIL #b#i1 #a#i#h#e1 AGA9/ ! NUCLE> >MS RACE4 ,N,B,A,U WAS CONCEIV$ (1 AT LEA/ BY ITS AN>*I/ P>TICIPANTS1 AS AN AD HOC & AMORPH\S COLLECTION ( GR\PS COMMITT$ TO C>RY+ \T ?IS DAY ( ACTIONS4 ,!RE WAS V]Y LITTLE CONCEPTION ( ,N,B,A,U AS AN ONGO+ =MATION4 

,?AT'S NOT H[ ?+S W5T4 ,N,B,A,U QUICKLY FELL UND] ! DOM9ATION ( ! ,R,C,P4 ,9 ! L>G] CITIES :]E ,N,B,A,U WAS SOME?+ ( A COALITION !RE WAS A CON/ANT /RUGGLE ) ! AU?ORIT>IAN & ANTI-DEMOCRATIC ME?ODS ( ! ,R,C,P4 ,BUT JU/ AS IMPORTANT AS !IR ME?ODS WAS ! FACT ?AT ! ,R,C,P1 UNLIKE ANYBODY ELSE 9 ,N,B,A,U1 WAS A NATIONAL ORGANIZATION4 ,?AT MEANT !Y HAD ! RES\RCES TO SET UP (FICES = ,N,B,A,U1 ?AT !Y C\LD S5D TRAVEL+ ORGANIZ]S TO V>I\S CITIES1 & ?AT !Y C\LD USE !IR NEWSPAP]1 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,WORK]1 TO PROMOTE & REPORT ON ,N,B,A,U ACTIONS EV]Y:]E4 ,! EFFECT ( ?IS WAS ?AT :ILE ! AN>*I/S W]E 9CREAS+LY FRU/RAT$ BY ! AU?ORIT>IANISM ( ! ,R,C,P1 ,N,B,A,U WAS DEP5D5T ON !M = ITS SUCCESS AS A NATION WIDE ACTION4 

,& ,N,B,A,U WAS A SUCCESS4 ,ACTIONS TOOK PLACE ON ,APRIL #bi 9 DOZ5S ( CITIES & T[NS4 ,AFT] ,APRIL #bi ! ,R,C,P WAS ABLE TO QUICKLY CONSOLIDATE ITS CONTROL ( ,N,B,A,U4 ,! AN>*I/S :O HAD ! SKILLS TO RESI/ ! ,R,C,PS ANTICS AB&ON$ ,N,B,A,U 9 DROVES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ! ,R,C,P WAS ABLE TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! PR$ICTABLE QUE/IONS ( 0:AT NEXT0 AMONG ALL ! Y\NG RADICALS :O HAD BE5 BR\<T 9TO ,N,B,A,U1 & ,N,B,A,U BECAME AN ONGO+ ORGANIZATION4 ,LOTS ( Y\NG ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN RADICALS W\LD PASS ?R\< ,N,B,A,U4 ,SOME W\LD GO ON TO BECOME EFFECTIVE AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S1 BUT MANY W]E BURNT \T BY ! EXP]I5CE & W]E ALI5AT$ FROM POLITICS =EV]4 

,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T GOT BURNT BY ,N,B,A,U4 ,!RE W]E TWO MA9 WAYS ( LOOK+ AT ?IS EXP]I5CE4 ,! FIR/ ANALYSIS FOCUS$ ON ! AU?ORIT>IANISM ( ! ,R,C,P AS ! MA9 PROBLEM4 ,! MA9 CONCLUSION DRAWN FROM ?IS ANALYSIS WAS TO NOT WORK ) ! ,R,C,P4 ,A SECOND>Y \TCOME ( ?IS ANALYSIS WAS TO GIVE UP ON NATIONALLY COORD9AT$ ACTIONS4 ,SOME PEOPLE S\<T TO JU/IFY ?IS RETREAT BY >GU+ ?AT LOCAL WORK WAS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN COORD9AT$ NATIONAL ACTIONS4 ,BUT 9 G5]AL ! %IFT WAS NOT A CONSCI\S ONE4 

,! SECOND ANALYSIS FOCUS$ ON ! FAILURE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TO ORGANIZE ITSELF4 ,?IS ANALYSIS SAID ?AT COMPLA9+ AB\T ! ,R,C,P BE+ AU?ORIT>IAN WAS LIKE COMPLA9+ AB\T GRAVITY4 ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T %\LD NOT EXPECT TO BE TAK5 S]I\SLY IF IT C\LD BE ?W>T$ SO EASILY4 ,NATIONALLY COORD9AT$ ACTION WAS IMPORTANT 9 ORD] TO BROAD5 ! MOVEM5T & BR+ 9 PEOPLE :O W]E ISOLAT$ 9 SMALL] CITIES & T[NS4 ,TO RETREAT FROM IT W\LD BE A MI/AKE4 ,NATIONALLY COORD9AT$ ACTIONS %\LD NOT BE POS$ AGA9/ LOCAL ORGANIZ+4 ,N,B,A,U HAD ALREADY %[N H[ A NATIONALLY COORD9AT$ ACTION C\LD PROVIDE CRUCIAL SUPPORT = LOCAL ACTIVITY1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! MO/ ISOLAT$ COMMUNITIES4 ,:AT WE NE$$ TO DO WAS TO DEVELOP \R [N ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITIES SO ?AT WE W\LD NEV] BE DEP5D5T ON GR\PS LIKE ! ,R,C,P AGA94 

,! ,/UD5T ,MOVEM5T = ,DIVE/M5T FROM ,S\? ,AFRICA 

  

,9 ! SPR+ ( #aihe MAJOR DEMON/RATIONS BROKE \T ON CAMPUSES ACROSS ! ,U4,S4 DEM&+ ?AT ! V>I\S COLLEGES & UNIV]SITIES SELL (F1 OR DIVE/1 !IR /OCKS 9 CORPORATIONS DO+ BUS9ESS 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA4 

,!RE W]E SEV]AL IMPORTANT ELEM5TS TO ?IS /RUGGLE4 ,FIR/1 IT ACTIVELY 9VOLV$ L>GE NUMB]S ( ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN & O!R /UD5TS ( COLOR AS WELL AS :ITE /UD5TS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY IT =C$ MANY Y\NG :ITE RADICAL /UD5TS TO CONFRONT !IR [N RACI/ SOCIALIZATION & TO GRAPPLE ) ! ISSUES ( RACISM 9 ! ,U4,S4 

,SECOND1 ! /RUGGLE WAS FROM ! \TSET FAIRLY MILITANT4 ,! CAMPUS MOVEM5T BEGAN :5 /UD5TS AT ,COLUMBIA ,UNIV]SITY OCCUPI$ A CAMPUS ADM9I/RATION BUILD+4 ,SIMIL> ACTIONS TOOK PLACE ON CAMPUSES ACROSS ! C\NTRY 9 ! FOLL[+ WEEKS4 ,ON MANY CAMPUSES 0%ANTYT[NS0 ( T5TS & MAKE%IFT %ELT]S W]E ]ECT$ & /UD5TS LIV$ 9 !M1 (T5 9 DEFIANCE ( ! CAMPUS ADM9I/RATIONS4 ,AN>*I/S PLAY$ SIGNIFICANT ROLES 9 ! DIVE/M5T /RUGGLES ON MANY CAMPUSES4 ,9 ,B]KELEY1 :]E SOME ( ! MO/ MILITANT DEMON/RATIONS TOOK PLACE1 ! AN>*I/S W]E AMONG ! MO/ MILITANT /UD5TS4 

,! ?IRD SIGNIFICANT ELEM5T ( ! DIVE/M5T /RUGGLE WAS ?AT IT EXPOS$ ! DIRECT COMPLICITY ( LOCAL 9/ITUTIONS 7LIKE COLLEGES7 9 ! OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION ( ,?IRD ,WORLD PEOPLES 9 A WAY ?AT WAS MU* MORE IMM$IATE ?AN ! NUCLE> DIS>MAM5T MOVEM5T4 

,! DIVE/M5T /RUGGLE =C$ ! L>GELY :ITE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TO TRY TO ?9K ?R\< H[ IT W\LD RELATE TO ! ,BLACK COMMUNITY & TO COMMUNITIES ( COLOR 9 G5]AL1 & !IR POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS 9 P>TICUL>4 ,!RE W]E MANY HEAT$ DISPUTES ON MANY CAMPUSES AS MILITANT :ITE /UD5TS W]E ACCUS$ ( 5DANG]+ /UD5TS ( COLOR ) RECKLESS1 & POLITICALLY 9EFFECTIVE ACTIONS ?AT BR\<T D[N REPRESSION H>D] ON ! /UD5TS ( COLOR ?AN ON ! :ITE /UD5TS4 ,A C]TA9 NUMB] ( 0AN>*I/S0 LUMP$ TOGE!R ALL ! ,BLACK GR\PS !Y DIDN'T AGREE ) AS 0AU?ORIT>IAN0 9/EAD ( CONFRONT+ ! WAYS ?AT RACISM OP]AT$ )9 ! DIVE/M5T MOVEM5T4 ,S9CE AN>*I/S P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! DIVE/M5T MOVEM5T L>GELY AS 9DIVIDUALS & NOT AS MEMB]S ( A P>TICUL> AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION MANY F\ND !MSELVES LUMP$ TOGE!R ) PEOPLE !Y !MSELVES VIEW$ AS AT LEA/ UNCONSCI\SLY RACI/4 

,\T ( ?IS EXP]I5CE A NUMB] ( Y\NG AN>*I/S CAME TO SEE ! IMPORTANCE ( DI/+UI%+ !MSELVES BY EXPLICITLY SUPPORT+ ! ,BLACK COMMUNITIES' RI<T TO SET ITS [N POLITICAL AG5DA & BY TAK+ UP ! FI<T AGA9/ RACISM 9 ! :ITE COMMUNITY4 

,! ,*ICAGO ,AN>*I/ ,GA!R+ 

  
  

,PLANN+ GOT UND]WAY ) A ,MAY ,DAY #aihd PLANN+ MEET+ CALL$ BY ,IMPOSSIBLE ,BOOKS 7& 5DORS$ BY SEV]AL GR\PS >\ND ! C\NTRY71 HELD AT ,*ICAGO'S ,AUTONOMY ,C5T]1 & DRAW+ MAYBE #b DOZ5 AN>*I/S FROM ?R\<\T ! MIDWE/4 ,IT WAS A DISJO9T$ MEET+ ?AT SUFF]$ BADLY FROM ITS LACK ( ORGANIZATION -- A PROBLEM ?AT WAS TO CONT9UE1 ALBEIT NOT 9 QUITE SO EXTREME A FA%ION -- & /RUCTURE4  
  

FROM ,MOB ,ACTION ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE  

 ,HAYM>KET ,REMEMB]$ 444 AN ,AN>*I/ ,CONV5TION  

  

,FIVE HUNDR$ AN>*I/S GA!R$ 9 ,*ICAGO OV] ,MAY ,DAY WEEK5D 9 #aihf TO COMMEMORATE ! AN>*I/S 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,HAYM>KET 9CID5T #a YE>S E>LI]1 :I* HAD BE5 ! BEG9N+ ( ,MAY ,DAY AS AN 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS HOLIDAY4 ,! ORGANIZ]S ( ! ,GA!R+1 ,*ICAGO ,AN>*I/S ,UNIT$1 W]E L>GELY MOTIVAT$ BY ! DESIRE TO *ALL5GE ! LEFTI/S & LIB]ALS :O W]E ATTEMPT+ TO GLOSS OV] ! AN>*I/ *>ACT] ( ! ,HAYM>KET 9CID5T4 ,BUT MO/ ( ! AN>*I/S :O CAME W]E Y\NG] & ! QUE/ION ( SETT+ ! HI/ORICAL RECORD /RAI<T WAS A SECOND>Y CONC]N NEXT TO ! OPPORTUNITY TO MEET O!R AN>*I/S4 

,! F\R DAY ,GA!R+ CONSI/$ ( WORK%OPS1 MEALS1 5T]TA9M5T & TWO DEMON/RATIONS4 ,! FIR/ DEMON/RATION WAS ! (FICIAL ,MAY ,DAY M>* 9 :I* WE W]E ! S+LE L>GE/ CONT+5T BUT :I* WE BROKE (F FROM JU/ AS IT WAS AB\T TO 5D4 ,! BREAKAWAY LA/$ UNTIL WE GOT 9 A CONFRONTATION ) ! COPS4 ,! SECOND DEMON/RATION WAS A ,W>*E/ ,T\R ?R\< D[NT[N ,*ICAGO4 ,?IS DEMON/RATION WAS A SPIRIT$ & !ATRICAL ACTION ?AT 5D$ :5 A SECTION ( PEOPLE />T$ TRA%+ A RITZY HOTEL & A DEP>TM5T /ORE4 #cg PEOPLE W]E >RE/$ & A LOT ( 5]GIES ( ! ,GA!R+ W]E DIV]T$ 9TO GETT+ !M RELEAS$4 

,!RE W]E WORK%OPS ON EV]Y IMAG9ABLE SUBJECT4 ,ONE WORK%OP ON A CONT95TAL AN>*I/ NEWSPAP] ATTRACT$ PEOPLE FROM SEV]AL ( ! MAJOR AN>*I/ PAP]S ( ?AT TIME 7,FIF? ,E/ATE1 ,OP5 ,ROAD1 & ,BAY\ ,LA ,ROSE7 & REQUIR$ SEV]AL SESSIONS4 ,!RE WAS A /RONG S5SE ?AT ! MOVEM5T WAS GR[+ & NE$$ A VOICE & A =UM = COMMUNICATIONS ?AT WAS NOT BE+ MET BY ! SPORADIC PUBLICATION ( ANY ( ! EXI/+ NEWSPAP]S4 ,! Y\NG] AN>*I/S :O W]E ! MO/ EAG]1 W]E ALSO ! LEA/ EXP]I5C$ 9 PUBLI%+ A NEWSPAP] & HAD ! LEA/ RES\RCES TO ?R[ BEH9D IT4 ,9 ! 5D NONE ( ! MAJOR PAP]S1 ) ! POSSIBLE EXCEPTION ( ,OP5 ,ROAD1 WAS PREP>$ TO SACRIFICE !IR LOCAL AUTONOMY 9 ORD] TO MAKE A CONT95TAL PAP] ACC\NTABLE TO ! L>G] MOVEM5T4 

,! ,*ICAGO ,GA!R+ WAS AN IMPORTANT FIR/ /EP 9 DEVELOP+ L9ES ( COMMUNICATION )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,A LI/ ( MANY ( ! PEOPLE :O ATT5D$ WAS COMPIL$ & EV5TUALLY COPIES W]E S5T \T TO EV]YBODY ON IT4 ,A COLLECTION ( 9DIVIDUAL EXP]I5CES ( ! ,GA!R+1 ,MOB ,ACTION ,AGA9/ ,! ,/ATE1 WAS PUBLI%$4 ,BUT 9 T]MS ( ANY COORD9AT$ ACTIVITY = ! NEXT YE> OR ANY K9D ( /RUCTURE TO FACILITATE COORD9AT$ ACTIVITY1 !RE WAS NO?+4 ,& SO AFT] ! 9ITIAL 5?USIASM G5]AT$ BY ! ,GA!R+ ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T RETURN$ TO :]E IT HAD BE51 ON ! M>G9S ( MOVEM5TS CONTROLL$ BY O!R PEOPLE4 

,C5TRAL ,AM]ICAN ,SOLID>ITY 

  
  

,S&9O WAS NOT AN ORIG9AL POLITICAL ?9K]4 ,MO/ ( HIS POLITICAL !SE MAY BE F\ND 9 ,FLORES ,MAGON'S LETT]S1 POLITICAL MANIFE/OS1 & COMMUNIQUES4  
  

FROM ,9TELLECTUAL ,F\NDATIONS (  

 ! ,NIC>AGUAN ,REVOLUTION1 P4 #bh  

 BY ,DONALD ,C4 ,HODGES  

  
  

0,AL?\< ,S&9O REPUDIAT$ ,*RI/IANITY 9 ALL ITS =MS1 ! NEW !OLOGY ( LIB]ATION 5C\RAG$ BY ! ,F,S,L,N REPRES5TS ! S+LE MO/ IMPORTANT C>RI] ( HIS AN>*O-COMMUNISM40  
  

IBID4 P4 #bid  

  

,ONCE ! MISSILES W]E DEPLOY$ 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE ! NUCLE> DIS>MAM5T MOVEM5T W5T 9TO A G5]AL RETREAT4 ,MANY ( ! ACTIVI/S :O HAD BE5 ORIG9ALLY POLITICIZ$ 9 ! NUCLE> DIS>MAM5T MOVEM5T BEGAN TO WORK AGA9/ ,U4,S4 9T]V5TION 9 ,NIC>AGUA & ,EL ,SALVADOR4 ,! DIVE/M5T MOVEM5T ON CAMPUSES CONT9U$ ?R\< #aihf & WON SIGNIFICANT VICTORIES4 ,MANY CAMPUSES DIVE/$ & SO DID MANY CITY & /ATE GOV]NM5TS 7:I* [N$ /OCKS ?R\< !IR RETIREM5T FUNDS74 ,MANY ( ! CORPORATIONS DO+ BUS9ESS 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA PULL$ \T RA!R ?AN FACE ! LOSS ( CAPITAL FROM DIVE/M5T4 

,MANY ( ! /UD5TS :O W]E 9ITIALLY RADICALIZ$ 9 ! DIVE/M5T MOVEM5T W5T 9TO ! ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICAN SOLID>ITY MOVEM5TS4 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICAN SOLID>ITY WORK 9 ! ,U4,S4 HAD ITS ROOTS 9 ! SUPPORT = ! ,NIC>AGUAN ,REVOLUTION 9 #a#i#g#i1 BUT TOOK ON A P>TICUL>LY URG5T *>ACT] 9 ! MID-LATE #a#i#hS AS ! ,REAGAN ADM9I/RATION S\<T TO DE/ABILIZE ! ,S&9I/A REGIME ?R\< SUPPORT = ! ,CONTRAS4 ,:5 ,CONGRESS D5I$ FUND+ = ! ,CONTRAS IT WAS PROVID$ COV]TLY4 ,DIRECT ,U4,S4 MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION BECAME 9CREAS+LY AGGRESSIVE & ,HONDURAS1 :I* BORD]S BO? ,NIC>AGUA & ,EL ,SALVADOR1 WAS TRANS=M$ 9TO A MILIT>Y \TPO/ ( ! ,U4,S4 

,ON CAMPUSES1 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA ACTIVISM FOCUS$ ON ,C,I,A RECRUITM5T4 ,! ANTI-,C,I,A RECRUITM5T CAMPAIGN RETA9$ MU* ( ! MILITANT SPIRIT ( ! DIVE/M5T /RUGGLE4 ,C,I,A RECRUIT]S W]E DRIV5 (F ( A NUMB] ( CAMPUSES BY SPIRIT$ DEMON/RATIONS ?AT OCCASIONALLY TURN$ 9TO SKIRMI%ES ) ! POLICE4 ,BUT ! ANTI ,C,I,A CAMPAIGN WAS ! MORE MILITANT W+ ( A L>G] & MORE MOD]ATE (F-CAMPUS ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA MOVEM5T4 ,T5SIONS BETWE5 ! MILITANT /UD5TS & ! MORE MOD]ATE LIB]AL & RELIGI\S =CES 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA MOVEM5T CAME TO A HEAD 9 ! SPR+ ( #aihg ) A /UD5T 9ITIAT$ ATTEMPT TO BLOCKADE ,C,I,A ,HEADQU>T]S 9 ,LANGLEY1 ,VIRG9IA4 

,! BLOCKADE WAS CALL$ BY A GR\P ( /UD5TS RETURN+ FROM ,NIC>AGUA & TAK5 UP BY ! ,PROGRESSIVE ,/UD5T ,NETWORK1 A L>GELY MIDWE/]N LEFT W+ /UD5T ORGANIZATION4 ,IT WAS S*$UL$ = ! DAY AFT] A NATIONAL ,M>* ON ,WA%+TON AGA9/ ,U4,S4 9VOLVEM5T 9 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA & ,S\? ,AFRICA4 

,AT ! ,M>* ON ,WA%+TON TWO SPONTANE\S AN>*I/ CONT+5TS W]E ORGANIZ$4 ,SYMBOLIC ( ! G5]AL DISORGANIZATION ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 EF=TS TO UNITE ! CONT+5TS FAIL$ AS ! TWO CONT+5TS WEAV$ 9 & \T ( ! M>*4 ,LEAFLETS W]E PASS$ \T BY ,NEI!R ,EA/ ,NOR ,WE/ FROM ,NEW ,YORK CALL+ = 0,A ,M>* ,)\T ,M>%ALLS = A ,WORLD ,)\T ,BOSSES0 & AN>*I/S FROM ,M9NEAPOLIS W]E BUSY PROMOT+ ! UPCOM+ CONT95TAL AN>*I/ ,GA!R+ 9 ,M9NEAPOLIS4 ,NEI!R ,EA/ ,NOR ,WE/ WAS A COALITION ( ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN GR\PS FROM ,NEW ,YORK :O HAD 9ITIALLY =M$ AS AN AN>*I/ ALT]NATIVE TO ,NO ,BUS9ESS ,AS ,USUAL BUT :I* HAD BECOME A GR\P MA9LY D$ICAT$ TO SOLID>ITY ) ,EA/ ,BLOC SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 

,! ONLY ,NEI!R ,EA/ ,NOR ,WE/ MEMB]S :O C\LD MAKE IT TO ! ,M>* W]E ALSO MEMB]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE 7,R,S,L74 ,! ,R,S,L HAD ONCE BE5 A ,TROTSKYI/ ORGANIZATION BUT OV] ! #hS HAD BROK5 ) ! ?9K+ ( ,TROTSKY & ,L59 & DEF9$ ITSELF AS LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/4 ,MANY MEMB]S ( ! ,R,S,L ALREADY CONSID]$ !MSELVES AN>*I/S & ! ORGANIZATION HAD MADE A DECISION TO ATTEMPT TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,IT WAS 9 ! CONT+5TS ?AT MANY AN>*I/S HE>D = ! FIR/ TIME AB\T ! ,LANGLEY ACTION S*$UL$ = ! NEXT DAY4 

,! /UD5TS 9T5D$ TO C>RY OV] ! MILITANCY ?AT HAD BE5 US$ ON CAMPUS TO %UT D[N ! 5TRANCES TO ! ,C,I,A ,HEADQU>T]S4 ,BUT ! MORE MA9/REAM ANTI-W> GR\PS S\<T TO REPRESS ! MILITANCY ( ! /UD5TS BY ORGANIZ+ A HI<LY *OREOGRAPH$ 0CIVIL DISOB$I5CE0 ?AT W\LDN'T 9T]F]E ) ANYBODY GETT+ TO WORK AT ! ,C,I,A4 ,! RESULT+ SC5E \TSIDE ! MA9 5TRANCE TO ,C,I,A ,HEADQU>T]S WAS A ZOO4 ,! ,W> ,RESI/]S ,LEAGUE S\<T TO COORD9ATE A SYMBOLIC BLOCKADE ( ! ROAD :ILE ,WORK]S ,WORLD ,P>TY ATTEMPT$ TO BORE EV]YBODY TO SLEEP ) AN 5DLESS S]IES ( SPEE*ES ON ! S\ND SY/EM !Y CONTROLL$4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY AN ASSORTM5T ( /UD5TS1 AN>*I/S & MEMB]S ( ,N,B,A,U ATTEMPT$ TO REALLY BLOCK ! /REET )\T (F]+ !IR BODIES UP TO ! POLICE4 

,9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! ,LANGLEY ACTION1 AN>*I/S FROM A NUMB] ( CITIES BEGAN TO TALK 9=MALLY AB\T ! NE$ = SOME SORT ( /RUCTURE TO COORD9ATE \R P>TICIPATION 9 FUTURE ACTIONS ( ?IS SORT4 ,LANGLEY PROVID$ ONLY FUR!R EVID5CE ( :AT WE HAD LE>N$ FROM ,N,B,A,U1 ?AT AS LONG AS AU?ORIT>IAN & RE=MI/ GR\PS HAD A MONOPOLY ON ORGANIZATION & ! RES\RCES ORGANIZATION GAVE !M ACCESS TO1 WE W\LD BE PU%$ TO ! M>G9S ( RADICAL OPPOSITION & W\LD BE AT !IR M]CY 9 ANY K9D ( MASS MOVEM5T4 

,! ,M9NEAPOLIS ,AN>*I/ ,GA!R+ 

  

,! ORGANIZ]S ( ! ,*ICAGO ,GA!R+ HAD MADE NO PROVISIONS TO 9ITIATE ! ORGANIZ+ ( ANO!R ,GA!R+4 ,AFT] CONTACT+ GR\PS 9 SEV]AL CITIES ?AT HAD 9DICAT$ 9T]E/ 9 HOLD+ A GA!R+ & F9D+ \T ?AT NOBODY ACTUALLY WAS GO+ TO DO IT1 ,BACK ,ROOM ,AN>*I/ ,BOOKS 9 ,M9NEAPOLIS (F]$ TO HO/ A ,GA!R+ 9 #a#i#h#g4 ,! ,M9NEAPOLIS ,GA!R+ WAS ?REE DAYS ( WORK%OPS1 MEALS & MUSIC1 FOLL[$ BY A DAY ( ACTION1 A ,W>*E/ ,T\R ?R\< D[NT[N ,M9NEAPOLIS4 ,! ,W>*E/ ,T\R WAS DELIB]ATELY S*$UL$ ON ! LA/ DAY TO 5SURE ?AT ANY >RE/S W\LD NOT DISRUPT ! RE/ ( ! ,GA!R+4 

,! WORK%OPS W]E CONSCI\SLY S*$UL$ TO LEAD UP TO A F9AL SESSION ( WORK%OPS ?AT W\LD BE DEVOT$ TO MAK+ CONCRETE PLANS = ! COM+ YE>4 ,ONE WORK%OP WORK$ \T A PLAN TO PUBLI% AN 9T]NAL NEWSLETT] = ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ,MAYDAY4 ,A SECOND WORK%OP AFFIRM$ & DISCUSS$ ! PLANS ( ! ,TORONTO AN>*I/ COMMUNITY TO HO/ A ,GA!R+ 9 #a#i#h#h4 ,A ?IRD WORK%OP DECID$ TO HOLD A NETWORK MEET+ 9 ,ATLANTA 9 ! W9T] ?AT W\LD BE AIM$ AT 9CREAS+ COMMUNICATIONS & COORD9ATION )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,! ,M9NEAPOLIS ,GA!R+ REPRES5T$ A SIGNIFICANT /EP =W>D = ! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,IT ALSO %[$ ! FIR/ SIGNS ( A BASIC DIVISION )9 ! MOVEM5T BETWE5 ?OSE :O SAW ! NE$ = /RUCTURES BEYOND ! LOCAL LEVEL & ?OSE :O SAW SU* /RUCTURES AS ONLY COMPROMIS+ !IR *]I%$ LOCAL AUTONOMY4 ,SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ! ,R,S,L ATT5D$ ! ,GA!R+4 ,! ,R,S,L MEMB]S W]E ATTACK$ BY MEMB]S ( ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE COLLECTIVE & ACCUS$ ( ATTEMPT+ TO TAKE OV] ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,:ILE MANY PEOPLE W]E NOT SURPRIS+LY SUSPICI\S ( ! ,R,S,L GIV5 ! LONG HI/ORY ( ,L59I/ 9TRIGUES AGA9/ ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ! ,FIF? ,E/ATE ATTACKS W]E V]Y P]SONAL & BAS$ L>GELY ON UNSUB/ANTIAT$ SPECULATION4 ,! ,R,S,L MEMB]S1 = !IR P>T1 P>TICIPAT$ CON/RUCTIVELY ?R\<\T ! ,GA!R+ & WON ! RESPECT ( MANY PEOPLE 9 ?AT PROCESS4 ,! F9AL SESSIONS ( WORK%OPS W]E NOT ! MO/ CONTROV]SIAL1 BUT BECAUSE !Y HAD TO MAKE DECISIONS 9VOLV+ PEOPLE FROM LOTS ( PLACES & ( LOTS ( POLITICAL LEAN+S !Y W]E DIFFICULT4 ,! ,R,S,L MEMB]S W]E P>TICUL>LY HELPFUL DUR+ !SE MEET+S 9 DRAW+ \T ! FULL RANGE ( PEOPLES CONC]NS & 9 F9D+ A BASIS = CONS5SUS4 

,! ,9VASION ( ,HONDURAS 

  

,ON ,M>* #a#g1 #aihh ! ,U4,S4 S5T #c1#b TROOPS TO ,HONDURAS 9 APP>5T PREP>ATION = AN 9VASION ( ,NIC>AGUA4 ,! RESPONSE TO ?IS ACTION WAS MASSIVE4 ,9 EV]Y MAJOR CITY & 9 HUNDR$S ( T[NS PEOPLE TOOK TO ! /REETS4 ,! ACTIONS W]E MILITANT4 ,9 C\NTLESS CITIES GOV]NEM5T BUILD+S OR (FICES W]E OCCUPI$ 9 SIT 9S4 ,9 ?OSE CITIES ) /RONG ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA MOVEM5TS LIKE ,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 ,M9NEAPOLIS1 ,TORONTO1 & ,BO/ON DEMON/RATIONS ATTACK$ GOV]NEM5T BUILD+S1 BREAK+ W9D[S & FI<T+ ) ! POLICE4 ,! DEMON/RATIONS W5T ON DAY AFT] DAY = A WEEK UNTIL ,REAGAN ANN\NC$ ?AT ! TROOPS W\LD BE BR\<T HOME4 ,9 ALL ( ! MO/ MILITANT ACTIONS1 AN>*I/S PLAY$ SIGNIFICANT ROLES4 ,! WIDESPREAD RESI/ANCE TO ! 9VASION E/ABLI%$ A V]Y REAL LIMIT ON :AT ! ,P5TAGON C\LD GET AWAY ) 9 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA IF IT DIDN'T WANT TO RISK A S]I\S *ALL5GE TO DOME/IC /ABILITY4 

,A C\PLE MON?S LAT] A LEAK FROM ! ,P5TAGON 9DICAT$ ?AT PLANS TO 9VADE ,PANAMA W]E PUT ON ! BACK BURN] 9 ! WAKE ( ! RESI/ANCE TO ! 9VASION ( ,HONDURAS4 

,9 ,M9N-EAPOLIS1 ! ,HONDURAS ACTIONS ANN\NC$ ! EXI/5CE ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ ,B[L+ ,LEAGUE 7,R,A,B,L74 ,R,A,B,L WAS AN ACTION COLLECTIVE ?AT HAD GR[N \T ( ,BACK ,ROOM ,AN>*I/ ,BOOKS SEV5 MON?S E>LI]4 ,ITS NEWSPAP]1 ,R,A,B,L ,R\S]1 WAS 9SPIR$ BY ! ,5GLI% NEWSPAP]1 ,CLASS ,W>1 & AS A GR\P !Y PU%$ = MASS MILITANT DIRECT ACTION 9 ! /REETS AS OPPOS$ TO ! NONVIOL5T CIVIL DISOB$I5CE EMPLOY$ BY ! MA9/REAM ( ! ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA MOVEM5T & ! LATE NI<T LOCK GLU+ & W9D[ BREAK+ ?AT CON/ITUT$ ! DIRECT ACTION ( MU* ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,! ,HONDURAS ACTIONS GAVE MANY AN>*I/S ! S5SE ?AT A MASS RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T WAS POSSIBLE1 ?AT MANY ( ! PEOPLE WE HAD PREVI\SLY WRITT5 (F AS APA!TIC W]E CAPABLE ( V]Y BOLD DIRECT ACTION4 ,!RE WAS ALSO A S5SE ?AT ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T C\LD PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE 9 BR++ ?AT RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T 9TO BE+4 ,BUT 9 ORD] TO DO ?AT WE W\LD HAVE TO GET \RSELVES CONSID]ABLY BETT] ORGANIZ$ ?AN WE W]E4 ,AS IT WAS TO TURN \T ! ,HONDURAS ACTIONS W]E PROBABLY ! HI< PO9T ( ! MILITANT DIRECT ACTION MOVEM5T ( ! #a#i#hS4 ,ONLY ! ,GULF ,W> W\LD SUCCE$ 9 BR++ \T AS MANY PEOPLE 9TO ! /REETS4 ,BUT :]E ! ,HONDURAS ACTIONS RESULT$ 9 A CLE> VICTORY = ! MOVEM5T1 ! ,GULF ,W> LEFT ! MOVEM5T DEFEAT$ & DEMORALIZ$4 ,BUT AT ! TIME IT SEEM$ AS IF WE W]E ON ! V]GE ( A DECISIVE BREAK ) ! RI<TW>D POLITICAL DRIFT ( ! #hS & AT ! BEG9N+S ( A NEW UPSURGE 9 RADICAL POLITICS4 ,! 9DICATIONS ( ?IS POT5TIAL W]E NOT LIMIT$ TO ! ,HONDURAS ACTIONS4 ,A,C,T ,U,P WAS MAK+ ! LEAP FROM A ,NEW ,YORK BAS$ DIRECT ACTION GR\P TO AN 9T]NATIONAL MOVEM5T4 ,E>? ,FIR/6 WAS GR[+ RAPIDLY AS WELL & OBTA9+ ! ATT5TION ( ! MASS M$IA4 ,& 9 DOZ5S ( CITIES AN>*I/S W]E 9VOLV$ 9 AN 9CR$IBLE RANGE ( MILITANT LOCAL /RUGGLES4 

,! ,TORONTO ,AN>*I/ ,GA!R+ 

  

,SEV]AL MON?S AFT] ! ,HONDURAS ACTIONS AB\T #a1 AN>*I/S CAME TO ,TORONTO = :AT WAS BECOM+ AN ANNUAL EV5T4 ,! 9CREASE 9 SIZE OV] ! PREVI\S TWO ,GA!R+S 9DICAT$ A G5]AL GR[? 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,! WORK%OPS W]E ( A G5]ALLY HI<] QUALITY & BROAD] 9 SCOPE ?AN AT ! PREVI\S ,GA!R+S4 ,BUT ! NUM]ICAL GR[? ( ! MOVEM5T DID NOT MEAN ?AT !RE WAS AN IMPROVEM5T 9 ! LEVEL ( COORD9ATION )9 ! MOVEM5T4 

,A PROPOSAL TO E/ABLI% A DECISIONMAK+ /RUCTURE = ! NETWORK ( AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S ?AT HAD COME TOGE!R >\ND ,MAYDAY MET A L>GELY HO/ILE RESPONSE 7NO D\BT ! FACT ?AT !RE W]E ONLY A DOZ5 H>D TO READ COPIES ( ! PROPOSAL DID NOT MAXIMIZE ! *ANCES ?AT IT W\LD GET A POSITIVE RECEPTION74 ,! ,CONT95TAL ,NEWSPAP] ,PROJECT 9ITIAT$ AT ! ,ATLANTA MEET+ ATTRACT$ ONLY AB\T #b PEOPLE :O FELT ?AT LAUN*+ A MON?LY PAP] AT ?AT PO9T WAS PREMATURE & 9/EAD DECID$ TO PRODUCE A PILOT CALL$ ,R,A,G,E6 TO BE DI/RIBUT$ AT ! UPCOM+ ,P5TAGON ,BLOCKADE4 

,:ILE IT WAS APP>5T ?AT IT W\LD NOT BE POSSIBLE TO BUILD AN ORGANIZATIONAL /RUCTURE ?AT W\LD UNITE ! :OLE AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 IT WAS EQUALLY APP>5T ?AT !RE HAD EM]G$ A GR\P ( AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S ) SOME COMMON POLITICAL COMMITM5TS SCATT]$ ACROSS ,NOR? ,AM]ICA :O HAD A /RONG DESIRE TO E/ABLI% SOME SORT ( /RUCTURE TO COORD9ATE FUTURE ACTIONS4 ,IT W\LD BE AB\T A YE> BE=E ?IS GR\P COALESC$ >\ND ! PROPOSAL TO LAUN* A CONT95TAL AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]4 ,:AT HAD EM]G$ BY ?IS TIME WAS AN UND]/&+ ?AT ! BE/ WAY TO BR+ TOGE!R S]I\S & COMMITT$ AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S WAS >\ND COMMON PROJECTS4 ,?IS DIDN'T MEAN ?AT WE DIDN'T ?9K ?AT IT WAS IMPORTANT TO E/ABLI% :AT \R BASIS ( POLITICAL UNITY WAS4 ,RA!R WE WANT$ TO UNITE PEOPLE :O W]E ACTUALLY COMMITT$ TO WORK+ TOGE!R & BELIEV$ ?AT POLITICAL AGREEM5T C\LD BE BUILT ON A F\NDATION ( WORK+ TOGE!R BETT] ?AN ! O!R WAY >\ND4 

,ON ! ?IRD DAY ( ! ,GA!R+ ! ,U4,S4 MILIT>Y %OT D[N AN ,IRANIAN COMM]CIAL AIRL9]1 KILL+ #bef PEOPLE4 ,! ,DAY ( ,ACTION1 S*$UL$ = ! NEXT DAY1 :I* WAS 9T5D$ TO BE A ,W>*E/ ,T\R WAS TURN$ 9TO A RESPONSE TO ! D[N+ ( ! AIRL9]4 ,! DEMON/RATION BEGAN ) A M>* ( SEV]AL HUNDR$ PEOPLE ON ! ,U4,S4 ,CONSULATE4 ,BLOCK+ TRAFFIC & BURN+ ,U4,S4 FLAGS 9 FRONT ( ! ,CONSULATE ! DEMON/RATION QUICKLY TURN$ 9TO A RUNN+ FI<T ) ! COPS ?R\< D[NT[N ,TORONTO4 ,:5 WE LE>N$ ?AT ! ACTION WAS ! L>GE/ RESPONSE TO ! D[N+ ( ! AIRL9] 9 ALL ( ,NOR? ,AM]ICA ! IDEA ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AS ! FI<T+ W+ ( ! L>G] MOVEM5T SANK DEEP] ROOTS4 

,AT ?IS PO9T1 5GAG$ 9 ! CONCRETE PROJECTS ( ORGANIZ+ = ! ,P5TAGON BLOCKADE & PUBLI%+ ,R,A,G,E61 ! HI/ORY ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE BECOMES DI/9CT FROM ?AT ( ! L>G] AN>*I/ MOVEM5T FROM :I* IT EM]G$4 ,WE W]E NO LONG] BE+ B\NC$ >\ND BY =CES BEYOND \R CONTROL1 WE HAD BECOME CONSCI\S ( \RSELVES FIR/ AS AN>*I/S )9 ! L>G] SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 & !N AS ACTIVI/S )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T :O SAW ! NE$ = POLITICAL COH]5CE & ORGANIZATION BEYOND ! LOCAL LEVEL4 ,:ILE WE W\LD CONT9UE TO BE %AP$ BY DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! L>G] AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 AT ?IS PO9T WE BEGAN TO BE PROPELL$ JU/ AS MU* BY \R CONSCI\S ID5TITY AS A GR\P COMMITT$ TO REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION4 

,9 ! ,BEG9N+444 

  

,BE=E !RE WAS ,LOVE & ,RAGE !RE WAS A ?+ CALL$ ! ,CONT95TAL ,NEWSPAP] ,PROJECT4 ,! ,NEWSPAP] ,PROJECT WAS A LOOSE GR\P+ ( PEOPLE :O W]E COMMITT$ TO LAUN*+ A MON?LY CONT95TAL AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]4 ,! IDEA ( A CONT95TAL NEWSPAP] HAD BE5 B\NC+ >\ND 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T = A :ILE1 P>TICUL>LY S9CE ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION :I* PUBLI%$ ,! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,AN>*I/ 7KN[N AS ,/,R,I,K,E6 AFT] ! ,A,C,F'S COLLAPSE7 & ! 9CREAS+ IRREGUL>ITY ( PUBLICATION BY ,OP5 ,ROAD4 ,! 9ITIAL CALL = ! ,NEWSPAP] ,PROJECT CAME FROM ,BACK ,ROOM ,AN>*I/ ,BOOKS 9 ,M9NEAPOLIS 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#h#g4 ,IT WAS AT AN AN>*I/ NETWORK+ MEET+ 9 ,ATLANTA 9 BETWE5 ! ,M9NEAPOLIS & ,TORONTO ,GA!R+S ?AT A GR\P ( #e PEOPLE FROM DIFF]5T CITIES DECID$ TO 9ITIATE ! PROJECT4 

,AT ! ,TORONTO ,GA!R+ A GR\P ( AB\T #b PEOPLE DECID$ TO PUBLI% A PILOT ISSUE ( ! NEWSPAP] TO BE 5TITL$ ,R,A,G,E6 = DI/RIBUTION AT ! ,OCTOB] #a#g1 #aihh ,BLOCKADE ( ! ,P5TAGON4 ,A SECOND PILOT ISSUE1 ,WRIT+ ON ! ,WALL1 WAS PRODUC$ = ! #aihi ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,AN>*I/ ,GA!R+ :]E TWO MEET+S ( AB\T #d PEOPLE DECID$ TO CALL A CONF]5CE TO LAUN* ! MON?LY NEWSPAP]4 ,UP UNTIL ! F\ND+ CONF]5CE ! ,NEWSPAP] ,PROJECT HAD NO =MAL /RUCTURE4 ,! FEW DECISIONS ?AT W]E MADE W]E MADE 9=MALLY AMONG ! PEOPLE :O W]E MO/ 9VOLV$ AT ! TIME4 

,MAYDAY 

  

,MO/ ( ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS PROCESS HAD MET EA* O!R AT ! ANNUAL ,AN>*I/ ,GA!R+S & HAD WORK$ TOGE!R ON ,MAYDAY4 ,BECAUSE ( ITS BROAD MISSION IT WAS DIFFICULT TO E/ABLI% EXACTLY :O ,MAYDAY WAS ACC\NTABLE TO4 ,ONE CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS ABS5CE ( A CLE> /RUCTURE WAS ?AT A LOT ( 5]GY WAS SP5T ON FI<T+ OV] ,MAYDAY3 :O DECID$ :AT W5T 91 :O WAS ON ! MAIL+ LI/1 :O HAD ACCESS TO ! MAIL+ LI/1 :O PAID = IT1 & SO ON4 ,MO/ ( ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,NEWSPAP] ,PROJECT WANT$ TO AVOID REPEAT+ ! EXP]I5CE ) ,MAYDAY BY E/ABLI%+ A CLE> PROCESS = MAK+ DECISIONS CONC]N+ ! NEWSPAP]4 

,! ,P5TAGON ,BLOCKADE 

  

,ORGANIZ+ = ! ,P5TAGON BLOCKADE & PREP>+ ,R,A,G,E6 7$IT$ BY ,R,A,B,L & PRODUC$ US+ ! ,R,S,L'S EQUIPM5T71 OCCUPI$ MU* ( \R 5]GIES AFT] ! ,TORONTO ,GA!R+4 ,9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY AN ATTEMPT TO IMPOSE A CURFEW ON ,TOMPK9S ,SQU>E ,P>K ?AT SUMM] MET MASSIVE RESI/ANCE & IGNIT$ A POLICE RIOT 9VOLV+ HUGE SECTIONS ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ON ! ,L[] ,EA/ ,SIDE PLAY$ A SIGNIFICANT ROLE 9 ! RESI/ANCE TO ! CURFEW & ! MILITANCY ( ! MOVEM5T HELP$ OV]TURN ! CURFEW4 ,! ,TOMPK9S ,SQU>E RIOTS 9SPIR$ MANY AN>*I/ ACROSS ! ,U,S & !IR SPIRIT 9FLU5C$ ! *>ACT] ( ! ,P5TAGON BLOCKADE4 ,ALSO DUR+ ! SUMM] !RE W]E AN>*I/ ACTIONS AT BO? ! ,DEMOCRATIC & ,REPUBLICAN ,NATIONAL ,CONV5TIONS :]E ! ,P5TAGON BLOCKADE WAS DISCUSS$4 

,! ,P5TAGON BLOCKADE WAS ORIG9ALLY CALL$ BY ! ,COMMITTEE 9 ,SOLID>ITY ) ! ,PEOPLE ( ,EL ,SALVADOR 7,C,I,S,P,E,S7 & ! ,PL$GE ( ,RESI/ANCE AS AN ACTION AGA9/ ! ,U,S SUPPORT = ! RI<T W+ ,SALVADORAN GOV]NM5T4 ,AS AT ,LANGLEY !RE W]E TWO DI/9CT CONCEPTIONS ( ! BLOCKADE4 ,! ,NEW ,YORK & ,WA%+TON ,D,C LEAD]%IPS ( ,C,I,S,P,E,S & ! ,PL$GE BASICALLY WANT$ A SYMBOLIC CIVIL DISOB$I5CE & !RE=E PLANN$ A LEGAL RALLY & A CIVIL DISOB$I5CE AT A S+LE 5TRANCE ( ! ,P5TAGON4 ,! AN>*I/S 7TAK+ = ?IS S+LE ACTION ! NAME ,MAYDAY ,NETWORK ( ,AN>*I/S71 ! ,PROGRESSIVE ,/UD5T ,NETWORK1 & A NUMB] ( LOCAL ,C,I,S,P,E,S & ,PL$GE GR\PS 9FLU5C$ BY ! MILITANCY ( ! ,HONDURAS ACTIONS WANT$ TO 5GAGE 9 0MOBILE TACTICS0 BLOCK+ ACCESS TO ! ,P5TAGON P>K+ LOT & AVOID+ >RE/ AS LONG AS POSSIBLE TO PROLONG ! ACTUAL DISRUPTION ( WORK AT ! ,P5TAGON4 

,A COMPROMISE WAS WORK$ \T DESIGNAT+ ! P>K+ LOT AS A MOBILE TACTICS ZONE4 ,! RESULT WAS A V]Y 9T]E/+ ACTION4 ,AS ! FIR/ PEOPLE %[$ UP TO WORK BE=E ! SUN CAME UP ! MA9 5TRANCE TO ! P>K+ LOT WAS LIT ) BURN+ TIRES4 ,CONCRETE B>RI]S HAD BE5 DRAGG$ 9 FRONT ( O!R 5TRANCES & ,P5TAGON EMPLOYES TRY+ TO WALK ACROSS ! P>K+ LOT HAD !IR PA?S BLOCK$ BY ANGRY MASK$ DEMON/RATORS4 ,! SURR\ND+ WALLS W]E COV]$ ) GRAFITTI4 ,?IS W5T ON = SEV]AL H\RS MU* TO ! DISMAY ( ! ,EA/ ,COA/ ,PL$GE & ,C,I,S,P,E,S LEAD]S :OSE CIVIL DISOB$I5CE SEEM$ 5TIRELY SYMBOLIC BY COMP>ISON4 ,FEEL+ SILLY BLOCK+ ONLY ONE 5TRANCE ! CIVIL DISOB$I5CE WAS EXP&$ TO SEV]AL 5TRANCES4 ,SOME PEOPLE :O CAME = ! CIVIL DISOB$I5CE JU/ /OOD UP & JO9$ ! MILITANTS 9 ! P>K+ LOT4 

,! ,P5TAGON BLOCKADE G5]AT$ A BROAD DEBATE ON ! LEFT AB\T ! TACTICS ( 0! AN>*I/S40 ,?IS DEBATE WAS C>RI$ \T MO/LY 9 ! PAGES ( ! ,GU>DIAN & WAS TILT$ T[>DS ! MOD]ATE LEFTISM ( ! ,EA/ ,COA/ ,C,I,S,P,E,S & ,PL$GE LEAD]S4 ,R,A,G,E6 HAD ANN\NC$ :O WE W]E TO ! L>G] DEMON/RATION1 BUT LACK+ A REGUL> NEWSPAP] WE W]E DEP5D5T ON ! ,GU>DIAN TO C>RY \R SIDE ( ?IS DEBATE4 ,! NE$ = A REGUL> AN>*I/ NEWSPAP] ?AT C\LD SPEAK TO ! BROAD] SOCIAL MOVEM5TS BECAME MORE APP>5T4 

,! ,NEW ,]A 

  

,A C\PLE WEEKS AFT] ! ,P5TAGON BLOCKADE ,GEORGE ,BU% DEFEAT$ ,MI*AEL ,DUKAKIS1 PROMIS+ F\R MORE YE>S ( ,REPUBLICAN RULE4 ,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! ELECTION CAMPAIGN ,BU% WAS V]Y UNPOPUL> & ,DUKAKIS WAS PRESUM$ TO BE HEAD$ = ! ,:ITE ,H\SE4 ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( C\RSE L>GELY IGNOR$ ! ELECTIONS4 ,BUT ,BU%'S ELECTION HAD A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AS WELL AS ! BROAD] SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,! LA/ TWO YE>S ( ! ,REAGAN ADM9I/RATION HAD SE5 A RIS+ TIDE ( SOCIAL 9SURG5CY4 ,! ,IRAN ,CONTRA SC&AL HAD UND]M9$ ! LEGITIMACY ( ! ,REAGAN ADM9I/RATION4 ,AS A B>OMET] ( ! SOCIAL MOOD ! ELECTIONS W]E AN IMPORTANT 9DICATOR ( H[ DEEP ! DISCONT5T W5T4 ,VOT] TURN\T WAS L[1 BUT ! ,BU% VICTORY 9DICAT$ ?AT ! RADICALIZATION ( ! MOVEM5T DID NOT REFLECT A DRAMATIC %IFT 9 POPUL> FEEL+S4 

,BU% CONT9U$ ! ,REAGAN POLICY ( 9CREM5TALLY 9CREAS+ DIRECT ,U,S MILIT>Y 9VOLVEM5T OV]SEAS4 ,BUT UNLIKE ,REAGAN :O WAS FIXAT$ ON 0! ,COMMUNI/ ?REAT0 9 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA1 ,BU% *OSE T>GETS ?AT W]E DIFFICULT = ,U4,S4 RADICALS TO RALLY SUPPORT = AS !Y HAD = ! ,NIC>AGUAN ,S&9I/AS & ! ,SALVADORAN ,F,M,L,N4 ,! 9VASION ( ,PANAMA ?AT CAME 9 ,DECEMB] #aihi FAIL$ TO G5]ATE ! MASSIVE RESI/ANCE ?AT A SIMIL> ACTION AGA9/ ,NIC>AGUA OR ,EL ,SALVADOR W\LD HAVE4 ,MANUEL ,NORIEGA WAS A DESPOT & EV]YBODY KNEW IT4 ,! 9VASION HAD NO?+ TO DO ) 0RE/OR+ DEMOCRACY10 BUT ! ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA MOVEM5T WASN'T PREP>$ TO DO MU* TO OPPOSE ! 9VASION4 ,! ,GULF ,W> WAS TO HAVE A SIMIL> *>ACT]4 ,SADDAM ,HUSSE9'S REGIME HAD V]Y LITTLE POLITICAL CAPITAL AMONG ,U4,S4 RADICALS4 ,BUT BO? !SE MILIT>Y ACTIONS HAD DEVA/AT+ EFFECTS ( ! BROAD SOCIAL MOVEM5TS 9 ! ,U,S4 ,!Y HELP$ CREATE A PATRIOTIC PUBLIC ATMOSPH]E ?AT WAS UTT]LY HO/ILE TO ANY K9D ( RADICALISM4 ,!Y V]Y EFFECTIVELY CUT (F ! 9CREAS+ 9SURG5CY ( ! ! LATE #hS4 

#aihi SAW ! REBIR? ( A MILITANT REPRODUCTIVE RI<TS MOVEM5T AS ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT'S ,WEB/] DECISION UND]M9$ ,ROE V4 ,WADE4 ,R[DY DEMON/RATIONS BROKE \T 9 CITIES ACROSS ! C\NTRY AFT] ! DECISION & CREAT$ MOM5TUM = A ,NOVEMB] ,PRO ,*OICE ,M>* ON ,WA%+TON4 ,! ,WEB/] DECISION ALSO PROVOK$ A RESURG5T 9T]E/ 9 BREAK+ ! MONOPOLY ( ! M$ICAL E/ABLI%M5T ?R\< WOM5'S SELF HEAL?4 

,P]HAPS MO/ SIGNIFICANTLY #aihi BR\<T ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,SOVIET ,EMPIRE & ! G5]AL DEFEAT ( ,COMMUNISM4 ,! ,TI5 ,AN ,M5 ,SQU>E MASSACRE DISPLAY$ ! MORAL BANKRUPTCY ( ! ,*9ESE ,COMMUNI/ REGIME4 ,! RAPID DIS9TEGRATION ( ! ,SOVIET SATELLITE REGIMES 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE LEFT ,L59ISM COMPLETELY DISCR$IT$ AS A REVOLUTION>Y IDEOLOGY4 ,= ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T !SE EV5TS (F]$ AN OP5+1 AN OPPORTUNITY TO PUT =W>D AN ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ALT]NATIVE TO ! IDEOLOGIES ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN LEFT4 ,! ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,GA!R+1 COM+ ON ! HEELS ( ! EV5TS 9 ,*9A & ! RAGE AT ! ,WEB/] DECISION C\LD HAVE BE5 A PLACE TO PULL TOGE!R A BROAD ANTI AU?ORIT>IAN MOVEM5T4 

,AB\T #b1 PEOPLE ATT5D$ ! ,SAN ,FRANCISCO ,AN>*I/ ,GA!R+1 BUT IT W\LD BE ABSURD TO SUGGE/ ?AT MORE ?AN A FRACTION ( ?OSE ATT5D+ W]E S]I\S ACTIVI/S4 ,MANY W]E MORE 9TO !IR [N 0P]SONAL LIB]ATION0 ?AN ANY K9D ( POLITICAL 5GAGEM5T4 ,MANY O!RS W]E M]ELY CURI\SITY SEEK]S4 ,! ,RA9B[ ,GA!R+ WAS TAK+ PLACE ?AT SUMM] 9 ,NEVADA & SO ! ,AN>*I/ ,GA!R+ PICK$ UP SOME ( ! ACID CASUALTIES FROM ! ,RA9B[ ,GA!R+ :O HADN'T F\ND !IR WAY HOME YET4 ,! POLITICS W]E ALL OV] ! MAP3 EV]Y SCREWBALL CONSPIRACY !ORI/ SEEM$ TO HAVE A WORK%OP4 ,! ,GA!R+ WAS HELD 9 A S*OOL BUILD+ 9 A PR$OM9ANTLY ,SPANI% SPEAK+ NEI<BORHOOD1 YET NONE ( ! ,GA!R+ MAT]IALS W]E AVAILABLE 9 ,SPANI%4 

,! ,DAY ( ,ACTION 9 ,B]KELEY AT ! 5D ( ! ,GA!R+ TURN$ 9TO A FIASCO :5 ! AB&ON$ ,B]KELEY ,9N ?AT WE HAD PLANN$ TO TAKE OV] & OP5 UP AS A SQUAT WAS B>RICAD$ 9 ADVANCE BY ! POLICE & ! DEMON/RATION TURN$ 9TO A MILITANT BUT L>GELY UNDIRECT$ EXPRESSION ( AN>*I/ FRU/RATION4 ,GREAT FUN WAS HAD BREAK+ W9D[S1 BEAT+ UP A RACI/ SK9HEAD1 & ATTACK+ A ,COCA ,COLA TRUCK 7UNTIL ! FLEE+ ,BLACK DRIV] TOLD ,T,V CAM]AS ?AT ! CR[D WAS %\T+ RACI/ COMM5TS74 ,9 ! MID/ ( ?IS SEV]AL DOZ5 PEOPLE GA!R$ = A C\PLE MEET+S TO PLAN A CONF]5CE TO LAUN* A MON?LY CONT95TAL AN>*I/ NEWSPAP]4 

,! ,F\ND+ ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE 

  

,! F\ND+ CONF]5CE ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE TOOK PLACE OV] ,?ANKSGIV+ WEEK5D 9 ,*ICAGO 9 #a#i#h#i4 ,AB\T #fe PEOPLE ATT5D$ ! CONF]5CE FROM AB\T #ab CITIES4 ,!RE W]E SIX MA9 GR\PS REPRES5T$ AT ?IS CONF]5CE3 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ ,B[L+ ,LEAGUE FROM ,M9NEAPOLIS1 ! ,HAYDAY ,AN>*I/ ,COLLECTIVE FROM ,*ICAGO1 =M] MEMB]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE 7FROM ,NEW ,YORK1 ,DETROIT1 ,*ICAGO1 & ,LOS ,ANGELES71 ,BAY ,>EA ,ANTI ,RACI/ ,ACTION1 ,! ,ALT]NATIVE FROM ,KNOXVILLE1 & ! ,CIRCLE ,A ,COLLECTIVE FROM ,ATLANTA4 ,9 ADDITION TO !SE GR\PS !RE W]E 9DIVIDUAL ACTIVI/S FROM A NUMB] ( CITIES & !RE WAS A L>G] BODY ( PEOPLE :O SUPPORT$ ! PROJECT BUT :O W]E UNABLE TO ATT5D ! CONF]5CE4 

,! /RUCTURE E/ABLI%$ AT ! CONF]5CE WAS DESIGN$ TO 5ABLE US TO PUBLI% A NEWSPAP] UNTIL \R NEXT CONF]5CE4 ,IT WAS MADE UP ( A PAID FACILITATOR & A VOLUNTE] ,PRODUCTION ,GR\P 9 ,NEW ,YORK & AN ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL ( #ab PEOPLE ELECT$ AT ! CONF]5CE ?AT WAS EMP[]$ TO ADD NEW MEMB]S 9 ORD] TO MAKE IT MORE REPRES5TATIVE ( :AT WE RI<TLY EXPECT$ W\LD BE A GR[+ BODY ( SUPPORT]S4 ,! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL WAS TO BE ! HI<E/ DECISION MAK+ BODY BETWE5 CONF]5CES4 ,! DECISION TO MAKE ! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL A BODY ELECT$ AT ! CONF]5CE 9/EAD ( A BODY ( DELEGATES FROM LOCAL GR\PS WAS A CONSCI\S DECISION BAS$ ON A P>TICUL> ASSESSM5T ( ! /ATE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,!RE W]E ?REE MA9 PO9TS TO ?AT ASSESSM5T4 ,FIR/1 :ILE !RE W]E A NUMB] ( COLLECTIVES ?AT HAD DECID$ TO SUPPORT ! PROJECT1 A SIGNIFICANT AM\NT ( SUPPORT CAME FROM 9DIVIDUALS :O EI!R W]E NOT MEMB]S ( LOCAL GR\PS OR :OSE LOCAL GR\PS HAD NOT YET DECID$ TO SUPPORT ! NEWSPAP]4 ,SECOND1 ! /RUCTURE NE$$ TO BE SIMPLE & UND]/&ABLE IF WE W]E TO 5C\RAGE ! FULLE/ P>TICIPATION 9 DECISION MAK+4 ,?IRD1 WE UND]/OOD ?AT LOCAL GR\PS T5D TO COME & GO4 ,:ILE WE TOOK CONSID]ABLE PA9S TO 5SURE ?AT ! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL 9CLUD$ MEMB]S ( ALL ! MAJOR LOCAL GR\PS WE DIDN'T WANT !IR P>TICIPATION CONT+5T ON ! HEAL? ( ?OSE GR\PS4 

,IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT ALL SIX ( ! GR\PS ?AT W]E ! F\NDATION ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE >E N[ DEFUNCT1 BUT MANY ( ! ACTIVI/S FROM ?OSE GR\PS REMA9 ACTIVE 9 ! ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,NETWORK EI!R AS 9DIVIDUALS OR AS MEMB]S ( NEW LOCAL GR\PS4 ,9 SETT+ UP ! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL WE W]E NOT UNAW>E ( ! QUE/ION ( MAK+ ?AT BODY ACC\NTABLE TO ! BASE ( LOCAL GR\PS4 ,! ELECTION ( ! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL FOLL[$ A L5G?Y DISCUSSION ( ! NE$ = BALANCE 9 ITS COMPOSITION & ! BODY ?AT WAS *OS5 9CLUD$ REPRES5TATIVES FROM EA* ( ! LOCAL GR\PS1 WAS G5D] BALANC$ & WAS AS MULTI RACIAL AS POSSIBLE4 ,OV] ! C\RSE ( ! YE> & A HALF UNTIL ! SECOND CONF]5CE ! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL WAS 5L>G$ TO #b AS NEW GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS CAME >\ND ! NEWSPAP]4 

,AT ! FIR/ MEET+ ( ! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL 9 ,KNOXVILLE 9 ,JANU>Y #aii IT WAS DECID$ TO TRY TO E/ABLI% A REGIONAL /RUCTURE4 ,! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL MEMB]S W]E DIVID$ 9TO F\R REGIONS :I* W]E SUPPOS$ TO FUNCTION SOMEH[ AUTONOM\SLY4 ,?IS REGIONAL /RUCTURE DIDN'T TAKE (F BECAUSE !RE WASN'T REALLY ANY PO9T TO IT4 ,!RE WASN'T ANY EXCLUSIVELY REGIONAL ACTIVITY TO SUPPORT SU* A /RUCTURE4 ,IT WAS MORE AN EXPRESSION ( DESIRE = DEC5TRALIZATION ?AN A USEFUL ADDITION TO ! /RUCTURE ?AT HAD BE5 SET UP 9 ,*ICAGO4 ,REGIONALIZATION W\LD HAVE TO WAIT UNTIL !RE WAS SOME?+ = REGIONAL /RUCTURES TO DO4 

,! ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,/RUCTURE 9 ,PRACTICE 

  

,! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL WAS SET UP1 AS ! NAME SUGGE/S1 TO MAKE $ITORIAL DECISIONS = ! NEWSPAP] ?AT SEEM$ BEYOND ! SCOPE ( ! ,PRODUCTION ,GR\P4 ,BUT ALMO/ IMM$IATELY ! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL WAS ASK$ TO MAKE POLITICAL DECISIONS \TSIDE ! SPH]E ( PRODUC+ ! NEWSPAP]4 ,WE W]E ASK$ TO R5T DESK SPACE TO & TO 5DORSE ! ,E>? ,DAY ,WALL ,/REET ,ACTION ORGANIZ$ PRIM>ILY BY ! ,Y\? ,GRE5S & ! ,LEFT ,GRE5 ,NETWORK4 ,WE DECID$ TO R5T ! DESK SPACE & TO HOLD (F ON ! 5DORSEM5T UNTIL WE C\LD DISCUSS :E!R OR NOT WE WANT$ TO MAKE 5DORSEM5TS ( ACTIONS AT ALL4 ,AN ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL MEET+ 9 ,NEW ,YORK 9 ! SUMM] ( #aii CONFRONT$ ! QUE/ION ( ! RELATION%IP ( ! NEWSPAP] TO LOCAL GR\PS BY E/ABLI%+ ! CATEGORY ( ,SUPPORT+ ,GR\PS ?AT W\LD BE LI/$ ) CONTACT ADDRESSES 9 EA* ISSUE ( ! NEWSPAP] TO 5C\RAGE COMMUNICATIONS BETWE5 GR\PS & TO HELP PUT 9DIVIDUALS 9 CONTACT ) GR\PS4 

,9 ,AUGU/ #aii ,IRAQ 9VAD$ ,KUWAIT & ! ,U4,S4 />T$ TO PREP>E = ! ,GULF ,W>4 ,?IS CRISIS =C$ ! QUE/ION ( :E!R OR NOT ,LOVE & ,RAGE %\LD 5DORSE ACTIONS4 ,AT ! ,NOVEMB] #aii ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL MEET+ IT WAS DECID$ ?AT WE W\LD CALL = AN AN>*I/ CONT+5T TO :AT WE EXPECT$ W\LD BE A SPR+ ,M>* ON ,WA%+TON4 ,IT WAS FELT ?AT A CONT+5T WAS NECESS>Y1 ?AT ,LOVE & ,RAGE HAD MORE CR$IBILITY TO CALL = ONE ?AN ANY S+LE LOCAL GR\P1 & ?AT ! IMPORTANCE ( BUILD+ RESI/ANCE TO ! W> MEANT ?AT IT W\LD BE IRRESPONSIBLE = ,LOVE & ,RAGE NOT TO CALL = A CONT+5T4 ,IT WAS ALSO FELT ?AT S9CE !RE W]E TWO NATIONAL ANTI-W> COALITIONS WE MI<T HAVE TO *OOSE BETWE5 MORE ?AN ONE ACTION & ?AT WE DIDN'T WANT TO F9D \RSELVES WORK+ AT CROSS PURPOSES4 ,ALSO ,LOVE & ,RAGE HAD ! RES\RCES TO PR9T UP A LOT ( PO/]S & MAIL !M \T ON RELATIVELY %ORT NOTICE TO ALL ! GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS ?AT DI/RIBUT$ ! PAP] 7AS WELL AS LOTS ( FOLKS ?AT DIDN'T74 ,US+ ! COLLECTIVE RES\RCES ( ! NEWSPAP] REQUIR$ ! APPROVAL ( SOMEBODY4 ,! ONLY APPROPRIATE BODY TO MAKE SU* A DECISION SEEM$ TO BE ! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL4 

,TO MAKE A LONG /ORY %ORT ! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL DECID$ TO CALL = A ,BLACK ,BLOC AT ! ,JANU>Y #bf ,M>* ON ,WA%+TON & NOT AT ! ! ,JANU>Y #ai ONE4 ,:ILE ! ,BLACK ,BLOC HAD ITS PROBLEMS !RE WAS LITTLE D\BT ?AT IT %\LD HAVE BE5 CALL$ & LITTLE D\BT ?AT *OOS+ A S+LE DATE 5ABL$ AN>*I/S TO HAVE A L>G] IMPACT ?AN IF \R 5]GIES HAD BE5 DIVID$ BETWE5 ! TWO DEMON/RATIONS4 

,! DECISION TO CALL ! ,BLACK ,BLOC MEANT ACKN[L$G+ ?AT ,LOVE & ,RAGE WAS 0MORE ?AN JU/ A NEWSPAP]40 ,?IS ( C\RSE WAS NOT A BIG SURPRISE TO ! PEOPLE :O HAD F\ND$ ! NEWSPAP]4 ,FROM ! BEG9N+ WE SAW ! NEWSPAP] AS A VEHICLE = RAIS+ ! LEVEL ( COORD9AT$ ACTIVITY )9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,! PROBLEM WAS ?AT ! /RUCTURE WE HAD 9 PLACE WAS DESIGN$ = 0JU/ A NEWSPAP]40 ,WE EXPECT$ ?AT WE W\LD HAVE TO *ANGE ! /RUCTURE WE HAD />T$ ) EV5TUALLY4 ,MO/ ( US HAD IDEAS AB\T :AT A NEW /RUCTURE MI<T LOOK LIKE4 ,WE DIDN'T KN[ :5 ! NE$ = ONE W\LD OCCUR4 ,IT WAS \R VIEW ?AT ! NEWSPAP] W\LD ATTRACT A LOT ( NEW PEOPLE & ?AT ?OSE PEOPLE %\LD BE ALL[$ TO P>TICIPATE AS FULLY AS POSSIBLE 9 *ANG+ ! /RUCTURE4 ,!RE IS AN IMPORTANT PR9CIPLE H]E3 ,NO /RUCTURE IS P]FECT = EV]Y PURPOSE4 ,! /RUCTURE WE DECID$ ON WAS DESIGN$ TO 5ABLE ! PEOPLE :O ORIG9ALLY CAME TOGE!R TO C>RY \T C]TA9 TASKS 7PUBLI%+ A MON?LY NEWSPAP]7 & TO ACCOMMODATE SOME EXPECT$ GR[? 9 ! CIRCLE ( SUPPORT = ?IS PROJECT4 ,BUT WE CONSCI\SLY DECID$ AGA9/ TRY+ TO ANTICIPATE ALL ( ! NEW K9DS ( ACTIVITY WE FULLY EXPECT$ WE W\LD EV5TUALLY BE 9VOLV$ 94 ,! ORIG9AL /RUCTURE WAS NOT ! BE/ POSSIBLE ONE = ORGANIZ+ A ,BLACK ,BLOC1 BUT IT WORK$ WELL 5\< TO GET US ?R\< UNTIL WE C\LD *ANGE \R /RUCTURE4 

,! ,GULF ,W> 

  

,IT WASN'T IMM$IATELY APP>5T1 BUT ! ,GULF ,W> RADICALLY *ANG$ ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* ,LOVE & ,RAGE EXI/$4 ,PRIOR TO ! ,GULF ,W>1 ,LOVE & ,RAGE AIM$ TO BE ! EXPRESSION ( ! MILITANT ANTI AU?ORIT>IAN W+ ( ! V>I\S SOCIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,! ,GULF ,W> BR\<T AB\T ! G5]AL COLLAPSE ( !SE MOVEM5TS4 ,MILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O HAD P\R$ 9TO ! /REETS :5 ! ,U4,S4 BEGAN BOMB+ ,BA<DAD W]E DEEPLY DEMORALIZ$ & IT BECAME 9CREAS+LY DIFFICULT TO TURN PEOPLE \T = ANY SORT ( ACTION4 ,IF ! K9D ( MASSIVE OPPOSITION ?AT WAS BUILT UP 9 SU* A %ORT P]IOD ( TIME C\LDN'T /OP ! SLAU<T] ( #a1 ,IRAQIS1 ANY O!R EXPRESSION ( OPPOSITION TO ! SY/EM SEEM$ FUTILE4 ,! MOVEM5T AGA9/ ! ,GULF ,W> L>GELY EVAPORAT$ BE=E ! TWO MON? W> WAS OV]4 

,EV]Y NEW MOVEM5T POLITICIZES & RADICALIZES A NEW GR\P ( ACTIVI/S :OSE EXP]I5CES 9=M ! NEXT P]IOD4 ,! NUCLE> DIS>MAM5T MOVEM5T 5]GIZ$ A GR\P ( Y\NG AN>*I/S4 ,! DIVE/M5T /RUGGLE BUILT ON ?AT 5]GY & MADE A G5]ATION ( /UD5TS MU* MORE CONSCI\S ( RACISM4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA SOLID>ITY MOVEM5T BUILT ON ?OSE E>LI] /RUGGLES & GAVE ! GR[+ BODY ( Y\NG RADICAL ACTIVI/S ! S5SE ?AT !Y C\LD BUILD A MASSIVE POPUL> RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T4 

,! ,GULF ,W> HAD ! REV]SE EFFECT ON ! ?\S&S ( NEW ACTIVI/S IT MOBILIZ$4 ,DEFEAT$ & DEMORALIZ$1 ! ACTIVI/S POLITICIZ$ BY ! ,GULF ,W> :O CONT9U$ ON ) POLITICAL WORK W]E P]HAPS MORE CAUTI\S & CONS]VATIVE ?AN ANY G5]ATION ( ACTIVI/S S9CE ! #a#i#eS4 ,?AT IS NOT TO SAY ?AT !Y HAT$ ! SY/EM ANY LESS ?AN ANY O!R ACTIVI/S1 RA!R ?AT !IR EXP]I5CES HAD BURN$ 9TO !IR CONSCI\SNESS A PR(\ND SKEPTICISM AB\T ! POT5TIAL ( MASS 9SURG5CY4 

,?IS WAS JU/ AS TRUE = ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T :I* TOOK A BEAT+ ) EV]YBODY ELSE4 ,! CONS]VATISM & CAUTI\SNESS EXPRESS$ ITSELF AS A RETREAT 9TO ! MO/ N>R[LY DEF9$ CONCEPTS ( 0COMMUNITY40 ,ONE'S H\SEHOLD1 OR FOOD CO OP1 OR Z9E BECAME ! FOCUS ( POLITICAL WORK4 ,! RE/ ( ! WORLD SEEM$ IMPOSSIBLE TO TACKLE & SO IT WAS IGNOR$4 ,AN>*I/ GR\PS FELL AP>T ALL OV] ! PLACE4 

,9 SPITE ( ?IS G5]AL RETREAT ,LOVE & ,RAGE GREW4 ,BUT IT WAS NOT GR[? BAS$ ON AN OPTIMISM AB\T ! VISION ( A MASS RESI/ANCE MOVEM5T ?AT HAD BR\<T ,LOVE & ,RAGE TOGE!R4 ,IT WAS MORE LIKE ! POPULATION GR[? ( A LIFE BOAT PICK+ UP EXHAU/$ WAT]LOGG$ SURVIVORS ( A %IPWRECK4 ,SO :ILE ! TASKS ( ORGANIZ+ AGA9/ ! ,GULF ,W> COMPELL$ ,LOVE & ,RAGE TO RAISE ITS LEVEL ( ORGANIZATION1 ! DEFEAT ( ! ANTI-W> MOVEM5T MEANT ?AT ,LOVE & ,RAGE WAS FLOOD$ ) NEW PEOPLE :O DID NOT NECESS>ILY %>E ! UND]/&+ ( ! NE$ = ORGANIZATION ?AT HAD ORIG9ALLY BR\<T US TOGE!R TO F\ND ,LOVE & ,RAGE4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT EA* /EP T[>DS A TI<T] MORE EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION 9VOLV$ CONSID]ABLE HESITATIONS & QUALIFICATIONS4 ,NO SOON] W\LD A DECISION BE MADE ?AN IT W\LD HAVE TO BE MADE AGA9 BECAUSE ITS ORIG9AL IMPLICATIONS W]E NOT FULLY UND]/OOD ! FIR/ TIME4 

,! ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,NETWORK 

  

,! FIR/ OPPORTUNITY TO *ANGE ! /RUCTURE ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE WAS ! ,M9NEAPOLIS ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,AN>*I/ ,ORGANIZ+ ,CONF]5CE 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#i#a4 ,SEV]AL KEY *ANGES 9 ! /RUCTURE ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE TOOK PLACE AT ?IS CONF]5CE4 ,FIR/1 WE ACKN[L$G$ ?AT WE W]E MORE ?AN A NEWSPAP] & CALL$ \RSELVES ! ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,NETWORK4 ,SECOND1 ! ,$ITORIAL ,C\NCIL WAS REPLAC$ ) A #a MEMB] ,COORD9AT+ ,GR\P POPUL>LY ELECT$ BY ! CONF]5CE4 ,?IRD1 WE SET UP A BR& NEW DECISION MAK+ BODY1 ! ,NETWORK ,C\NCIL ?AT W\LD BE MADE UP ( TWO DELEGATES FROM EA* LOCAL ,SUPPORT+ ,GR\P PLUS ! MEMB]S ( ! ,COORD9AT+ ,GR\P4 

,! ,NETWORK ,C\NCIL WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE ! HI<E/ DECISION MAK+ BODY BETWE5 CONF]5CES1 BUT IT WAS UND]/OOD ?AT PUTT+ 9 PLACE SU* A DELEGATE /RUCTURE W\LD TAKE TIME & ?AT 9 ! MEAN TIME ! ,COORD9AT+ ,GR\P WAS NE$$ TO MAKE DECISIONS QUICKLY4 ,! ,NETWORK ,C\NCIL NEV] REALLY GOT (F ! GR\ND4 ,!RE WAS A ,NETWORK ,C\NCIL MEET+ 9 ,HAMILTON1 ,ONT>IO 9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#i#b4 ,BUT IT WASN'T REALLY CLE> :O W]E ! TWO DELEGATES FROM EA* GR\P & 9 ! SPIRIT ( 5C\RAG+ P>TICIPATION BY EV]YONE NO EF=T WAS MADE TO MORE %>PLY DEF9E :O WAS & :O WASN'T ON ! ,NETWORK ,C\NCIL4 ,! RESULT ( ?IS WAS ?AT ! ,COORD9AT+ ,GR\P CONT9U$ TO MAKE ! DECISIONS ?AT WE HOP$ W\LD BE TAK5 UP BY ! ,NETWORK ,C\NCIL :I* DIDN'T REALLY EXI/4 ,! EFFECT ( ?IS WAS ORGANIZATIONAL P>ALYZES3 NO S]I\S DECISIONS C\LD BE MADE )\T ! APPROVAL ( ! ,NETWORK ,C\NCIL1 BUT ! ,NETWORK ,C\NCIL DIDN'T REALLY EXI/4 ,?IS WAS ! SITUATION GO+ 9TO ! ,ATLANTA ,CONF]5CE 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#i#b4 

,! ,REBIR? ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*ISM 9 ,MEXICO 

  

,%ORTLY AFT] ! ,M9NEAPOLIS ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,CONF]5CE AN ,AN>*I/ ,GA!R+ 9 ,CU]NAVACA1 ,MEXICO SET 9 MOTION EV5TS ?AT W\LD EV5TUALLY LEAD TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE 9 ,MEXICO4 ,ORIG9ALLY ! ,CU]NAVACA ,GA!R+ WAS GO+ TO BE A CONT9UATION ( ! ,CONT95TAL ,GA!R+S BUT ! ,MEXICANS QUICKLY CAME TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT !Y W]E NOT PREP>$ TO PLAY HO/ TO AN AN>*I/ 9VASION FROM ! NOR?1 & ?AT !RE WAS A CRUCIAL NE$ = A GA!R+ ( ,MEXICAN AN>*I/S4 

,! ,CU]NAVACA ,GA!R+ 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aiia SUFF]$ FROM MANY ( ! SAME PROBLEMS AS ! ,GA!R+S 9 ! ,U,S & ,CANADA 9 ! LATE #a#i#hS3 DISORGANIZATION1 PETTY SQUABBLES & SO ON4 ,9 P>TICUL> !RE WAS CONSID]ABLE RESI/ANCE TO ! DEM&S ( ! WOM5 PRES5T ?AT ! ,GA!R+ CONFRONT ! PR(\ND SEXISM )9 ! ,MEXICAN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,GU/AVO ,RODRIGUEZ1 ACTIVE ) ,LOVE & ,RAGE 9 ,MIAMI1 WAS ONE ( ! FEW M5 :O SID$ ) ! WOM54 ,AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! ,CU]NAVACA ,GA!R+ ! WOM5 =M$ ! ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN ,COLLECTIVE & ,GU/AVO ,RODRIGUEZ RELOCAT$ TO ,MEXICO ,CITY TO ASSI/ 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( A ,LOVE & ,RAGE GR\P4 

,! ,LOS ,ANGELES ,REBELLION 

  

,%ORTLY AFT] ! ,HAMILTON ,NETWORK ,C\NCIL MEET+ ,LOS ,ANGELES EXPLOD$ 9 RESPONSE TO ! ACQUITAL ( ! F\R COPS *>G$ ) ! BEAT+ ( ,RODNEY ,K+4 ,! REBELLION SPREAD TO SEV]AL O!R CITIES & MASSIVE PROTE/S TOOK PLACE ACROSS ! ,U,S & >\ND ! WORLD4 ,! ,LOS ,ANGELES REBELLION WAS ! S+LE L>GE/ REBELLION 9 ,U,S HI/ORY S9CE ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,AT A MOM5T :5 ! ORGANIZ$ LEFT WAS 9 A /ATE ( ALMO/ COMPLETE DIS>RAY ! ,LOS ,ANGELES REBELLION REVEAL$ ! DEP? ( UNORGANIZ$ POPUL> DISCONT5T 9 ! ,U,S P>TICUL>LY AMONG ,BLACK & ,LAT9O POOR FOLK4 

,! ,LOS ,ANGELES REBELLION PO9T$ TO ! CRY+ NE$ = EFFECTIVE REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS ?AT C\LD TURN ! SPONTANE\S \TRAGE ( ! REBELLION 9TO A SU/A9$ & REVOLUTION>Y *ALL5GE TO ! EXI/+ ORD]4 ,OBVI\SLY ,LOVE & ,RAGE WAS 9 NO POSITION TO EFFECTIVELY TAKE ON ?AT TASK YET4 ,BUT ! ,LOS ,ANGELES REBELLION UND]L9$ ! IMPORTANCE ( A PROJECT WE W]E 9VOLV$ 93 ! ,ANTI-,RACI/ SUMM] ,PROJECT 7,>,S,P74 

,! ,>,S,P WAS A PROJECT ( CONC5TRAT+ Y\NG ANTI-RACI/ ACTIVI/S 9 AN >EA :]E ! RACI/ RI<T WAS ORGANIZ+ TO ATTEMPT TO BUILD AN ANTI-RACI/ MOVEM5T ?AT C\LD COMBAT !M4 ,! NEI<BORHOOD ( ,EA/ ,/4 ,PAUL4 ,M9NESOTA WAS *OS5 = A PILOT PROJECT ?AT WE HOP$ W\LD BE A MODEL = SIMIL> PROJECTS ! NEXT SUMM]4 

,BY ALMO/ EV]Y MEASURE ! ,>,S,P WAS A FAILURE4 ,AB\T A DOZ5 FOLKS FROM ACROSS ! ,U,S & ,CANADA W]E PACK$ 9TO A S+LE H\SE = MO/ ( ! SUMM] ( #aiib TO ORGANIZE ! NEI<BORHOOD AGA9/ ! ACTIVITIES ( A GR\P ( RACI/ SK9HEADS4 ,:ILE A FEW EV5TS & DEMON/RATIONS W]E ORGANIZ$1 CONSID]ABLE AM\NTS ( 5]GY W]E EXP5D$ ON 9T]NAL FI<TS4 ,! PROJECT WAS ORGANIZ$ ) ! ,TW9 ,CITIES ,ANTI-,RACI/ ,ACTION GR\P4 ,BUT RA!R ?AN BUILD ! GR\P1 ! ,>,S,P EXAC]BAT$ EXI/+ DIVISIONS )9 ! GR\P LEAD+ TO ITS 7ULTIMATELY TEMPOR>Y7 COLLAPSE4 ,! NAZI'S = !IR P>T KEPT !IR HEADS L[ = ! SUMM] MAK+ IT P>TICUL>LY DIFFICULT TO CONV9CE !IR NEI<BORS ( ! URG5CY ( /OPP+ !M4 

,IT WAS HOP$ ?AT ! ,>,S,P W\LD TRA9 A CORE ( ORGANIZ]S :O W\LD WORK ON SIMIL> PROJECTS 9 O!R CITIES4 ,MO/ ( ! P>TICIPANTS CONT9U$ !IR ACTIVISM AFT] ! SUMM]1 BUT ! BAD FEEL+S G5]AT$ MEANT ?AT ! ,>,S,P W\LD NOT CONT9UE4 

,:AT ! ,>,S,P DID TEA* US WAS ?AT !RE WAS NO %ORTCUT TO BUILD+ AN ORGANIZATION ( S]I\S & TRA9$ ACTIVI/S4 ,)\T MU* MORE C>EFUL ADVANCE PLANN+ ) ! LOCAL GR\PS AFFECT$ A NATIONAL OR CONT95TAL PROJECT LIKE ! ,>,S,P C\LD HAVE V]Y BAD EFFECTS = A LOCAL GR\P4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( AN EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL /RATEGY W\LD BE A LONG & PA9/AK+ ONE BAS$ ON A SL[ PROCESS ( TRIAL & ]ROR ) FEW PEOPLE & FEW] RES\RCES4 

,CRISIS 9 ! ,ORGANIZATION 

  

,! FAILURE ( ! ,>,S,P WAS %ORTLY FOLL[$ BY A MORE G5]AL CRISIS )9 ,LOVE & ,RAGE4 ,:ILE ?IS CRISIS F\ND ITS %>PE/ EXPRESSION 9 AN EFFECTIVE SPLIT )9 ! ,NEW ,YORK GR\P1 IT REFLECT$ A BASIC CONTRADICTION )9 ! ORGANIZATION AS A :OLE4 ,! CRISIS FIR/ BECAME APP>5T AT ! ,NOVEMB] #aiib ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,NETWORK CONF]5CE 9 ,ATLANTA4 ,A PROPOSAL FROM ! \TGO+ FACILITATOR1 ,MATT ,BLACK1 ?AT PUT ! EXI/+ /RUCTURE 9TO ! =M ( A SET ( WRITT5 BY-LAWS SEEM$ TO COME FROM \T ( ! BLUE4 7,PUBLICATION ( ! ,NETWORK ,DISCUSSION ,BULLET9 S*$UL$ TO APPE> BE=E ! CONF]5CE HAD BE5 DELAY$ UNTIL IMM$IATELY BE=E47 ,) A FEW RELATIVELY M9OR *ANGES ,MATT'S PROPOSAL WAS SIMPLY AN ATTEMPT TO PUT 9TO A COH]5T WRITT5 =M ! /RUCTURE & DECISION MAK+ PROCESS WE ALREADY HAD 9 PLACE4 ,BUT TO MANY ( ! PEOPLE 9 ATT5DANCE ! PROPOSAL SEEM$ OV]LY C5TRALIZ$4 

,! NEGATIVE RESPONSE TO ! PROPOSAL 9 SOME WAYS ILLU/RAT$ H[ IMPORTANT IT WAS TO HAVE A SET ( WRITT5 BY-LAWS BECAUSE SO MANY PEOPLE W]E UNAW>E ( ! ACTUAL WORK+ /RUCTURE ( ! ,NETWORK ?AT IT WAS 9T]PRET$ AS AN ATTEMPT TO IMPOSE SOME?+ NEW ON ! ,NETWORK4 ,BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY1 ! RESPONSE 9DICAT$ ?AT ! ,NETWORK HAD REA*$ A PO9T :]E A LOT MORE PEOPLE C>$ AB\T ! /RUCTURE & WANT$ TO P>TICIPATE MORE FULLY 9 ! DISCUSSIONS & DECISIONS >\ND :ATEV] /RUCTURE WE W]E TO HAVE4 ,! FAILURE TO MAKE ! ,NETWORK ,C\NCIL WORK HAD MEANT ?AT A LOT ( PEOPLE :O FELT LIKE !Y W]E P>T ( ! ,NETWORK W]E NOT P>T ( ! 9=MAL DISCUSSIONS ( /RUCTURE ?AT TOOK PLACE BE=E ! CONF]5CE4 ,! ,ATLANTA ,CONF]5CE DID MAKE SOME /RUCTURAL *ANGES 9 ! ,NETWORK1 BUT ! RATIFICATION ( ANY =MAL SET ( BY-LAWS WAS PUT (F BY ! CRISIS 9 ! ORGANIZATION = ALMO/ TWO YE>S4 

,ONE V]Y SIGNIFICANT DECISION WAS MADE AT ,ATLANTA H[EV]1 TO LAUN* A ,SPANI% LANGUAGE $ITION ( ! NEWSPAP] \T ( ,MEXICO ,CITY4 

,TWO ,VISIONS 

  

,! NEGATIVE RESPONSE TO ! BY-LAWS PROPOSAL PRECIPITAT$ ! EM]G5CE ( TWO OPPOS$ CONCEPTIONS ( ! ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,NETWORK4 ,! FIR/ CONCEPTION WAS ( A V]Y LOOSE NETWORK ( LOCAL GR\PS ?AT W\LD MA9TA9 A /RUCTURE PRIM>ILY = PURPOSES ( COMMUNICATIONS & MUTUAL AID4 ,! SECOND CONCEPTION WAS ( A TI<T] ORGANIZATION1 ) A CLE>LY DEF9$ MEMB]%IP & POLITICS ?AT W\LD /RATEGICALLY C>RY \T COORD9AT$ ACTIVITY ACROSS ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 

,!SE TWO CONCEPTIONS EM]G$ :5 SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ! NEWSPAP] ,PRODUCTION ,GR\P 9 ,NEW ,YORK AU?OR$ A PROPOSAL TO 0DEC5TRALIZE0 ,LOVE & ,RAGE4 ,! PROPOSAL CALL$ =1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 TURN+ ! NEWSPAP] 9TO AN AUTONOM\S PROJECT ( ! ,NEW ,YORK GR\P ?AT W\LD BE ON AN EQUAL /&+ ) ! V>I\S O!R AUTONOM\S PROJECTS ( DIFF]5T LOCAL GR\PS4 

,9 OPPOSITION TO ?IS POSITION SEV]AL MEMB]S ( ! ,NEW ,YORK GR\P POS$ AN ALT]NATIVE POSITION 9 A BRIEF /ATEM5T ( FIVE PO9TS4 ,! KEY PO9TS W]E ?AT ,LOVE & ,RAGE %\LD BECOME AN ORGANIZATION ) CLE>LY DEF9$ MEMB]%IP1 A /ATEM5T ( \R COMMON POLITICS1 & AN EXPECTATION ?AT MEMB]S WORK ON ! PROJECTS ( ! ORGANIZATION4 ,FUR!RMORE WE >GU$ = DEC5TRALIZ+ SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS !N CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! ,NEW ,YORK (FICE BY DELEGAT+ !M TO FUNCTION+ LOCAL GR\PS4 ,?IS WAS 9 CONTRA/ TO A NOTION ( DEC5TRALIZATION ?AT WE ?\<T W\LD MEAN DISMANTL+ ! FEW ORGANIZATIONAL ADVANCES WE HAD MADE S9CE ,LOVE & ,RAGE HAD BE5 F\ND$4 

,! ADVOCATES ( ! FIVE PO9TS >GU$ ?AT ! CALL = DEC5TRALIZATION WAS ULTIMATELY1 IF P]HAPS UN9T5TIONALLY1 ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL4 ,IT WAS A PROPOSAL TO RETURN TO ! ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL ( ,MAYDAY4 ,WE >GU$ ?AT )\T CLE>LY DEF9+ MEMB]%IP 9 ,LOVE & ,RAGE POLICIES W\LD BE SET1 NOT BY ?OSE MO/ COMMITT$ TO ! ORGANIZATION1 BUT BY :OEV] FELT LIKE & WAS ABLE TO %[ UP = A CONF]5CE4 

,WE HAD ALREADY SE5 ! CONSEQU5CES ( ?IS >RANGEM5T4 ,CONF]5CES CONSI/5TLY 5DORS$ & TOOK ON A DIZZY+ NUMB] ( PROJECTS ?AT ! ,NETWORK WAS 9 NO POSITION TO C>RY \T 9/EAD ( SETT+ PRIORITIES & /RATEGICALLY FOCUS+ \R LIMIT$ RES\RCES ON ?+S WE ACTUALLY C\LD DO4 ,WE ALSO FELT ?AT )\T A /ATEM5T ( \R COMMON POLITICS IT W\LD CONT9UE TO BE IMPOSSIBLE TO DEVELOP ANY SORT ( WORK+ /RATEGY ?AT W\LD 9=M !SE DECISIONS4 

,! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! TWO POSITIONS CAME TO A HEAD AT ! SUMM] #aiic ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,NETWORK ,CONF]5CE 9 ,SAN ,DIEGO4 ,! CONF]5CE ITSELF ILLU/RAT$ ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! DIV]G5CE ( ! TWO POSITIONS4 ,OV] HALF ( ! P>TICIPANTS 9 ! CONF]5CE W]E NEW TO ,LOVE & ,RAGE4 ,MO/ ( !SE PEOPLE W]E NOT DEEPLY COMMITT$ TO ,LOVE & ,RAGE4 ,!Y W]E !RE TO *ECK IT \T4 ,BUT !IR NUMB]S MEANT ?AT !Y W\LD PLAY A DECISIVE ROLE 9 ANY DECISIONS AB\T ! FUTURE ( ! ORGANIZATION EV5 IF !Y HAD LITTLE 9T5TION ( WORK+ )9 IT 9 ! FUTURE4 

,AS IT TURN$ \T ! CRITICAL DECISIONS TO BASE MEMB]%IP ON AGREEM5T ) A 7SO F> UNF9I%$7 POLITICAL /ATEM5T1 PASS$ BY ! N>R[E/ MAJORITIES4 ,:ILE WE FELT ?AT WE HAD NOT YET REA*$ ! PO9T :]E WE C\LD CALL \RSELF A FUNCTION+ F$]ATION WE DECID$ TO *ANGE ! NAME ( ! ORGANIZATION FROM ! ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,NETWORK TO ! ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION AS A GE/URE ( CONCILIATION TO ?OSE N[ \TSIDE ! ORGANIZATION :O ?\<T ?AT ! WORD 0,NETWORK0 WAS 9CONSI/5T ) \R TURN T[>DS A TI<T] ORGANIZATION4 ,SOME ( ! FOLKS :O OPPOS$ ! DECISIONS MADE AT ! ,SAN ,DIEGO CONF]5CE HAVE GONE ON TO DO VALUABLE WORK BUILD+ ! ,AN>*I/ ,BLACK ,CROSS & ! LOOS] ,NETWORK ( ,AN>*I/ ,COLLECTIVES4 

,! ,F$]ATION 

  

,LOVE & ,RAGE WAS 5]GIZ$ BY ! DECISIONS MADE 9 ,SAN ,DIEGO4 ,A :OLE S]IES ( UNRESOLV$ QUE/IONS ?AT HAD HUNG OV] ! ORGANIZATION W]E N[ SETTL$ & IT BECAME POSSIBLE TO JUMP 9TO ORGANIZ+ WORK ) A NEW LEVEL ( 5]GY4 ,:ILE A NUMB] ( V]Y COMMITT$ PEOPLE LEFT ,LOVE & ,RAGE AT ?IS TIME BECAUSE ( !IR OPPOSITION TO ! DECISIONS MADE 9 ,SAN ,DIEGO WE PICK$ UP JU/ AS MANY NEW MEMB]S :O HAD UP TO ?AT PO9T AVOID$ JO9+ ! ORGANIZATION BECAUSE ( ITS LACK ( ORGANIZATIONAL COH]5CE4 

,! ,MEXICO GR\P HAD :OLEHE>T$LY SUPPORT$ ! TURN T[>DS TI<T] ORGANIZATION4 ,!Y W]E PUTT+ \T ,AMOR Y ,RABIA ON A REGUL> BASIS & W]E P>TICIPAT+ 9 A NUMB] ( /RUGGLES TAK+ PLACE 9 ,MEXICO4 ,!Y W]E 9VOLV$ 9 A ,MAY #a/ DEMON/RATION ( 9DEP5D5T WORK]S ORGANIZATIONS AT :I* ! ,MEXICAN POLICE OP5$ FIRE4 

,! FALL FOLL[+ ! ,SAN ,DIEGO CONF]5CE SAW ,LOVE & ,RAGE 9VOLV$ 9 A S]IES ( ANTI-FASCI/ MOBILIZATIONS 9 ! ,S\?1 ! ,MIDWE/ & ON ! ,EA/ ,COA/4 ,WE PUT \T A CALL = ANTI-FASCI/ ACTIONS ON 0,KRI/ALNA*T0 7,NOVEMB] #i7 & ACTIONS TOOK PLACE ACROSS ! ,U,S & ,CANADA4 

,! ANTI-FASCI/ WORK WAS ONE ( TWO >EAS ( WORK1 REPRES5T$ BY TWO 0,WORK+ ,GR\PS10 WE HAD DECID$ TO FOCUS ON AT ! ,SAN ,DIEGO CONF]5CE4 ,! SECOND WAS ,IMMIGRATION4 ,ANTI-IMMIGRANT HY/]IA WAS ONLY JU/ />T+ TO PICK UP /EAM AT ! TIME1 BUT WE SAW IT AS LIKELY TO EXP&4 ,ACCORD+LY WE CALL$ = AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,DAY ( ,ACTIONS ,AGA9/ ,IMMIGRATION ,CONTROLS & ,ANTI-,IMMIGRANT ,VIOL5CE ON ,MAY #i1 #a#i#i#d4 ,UN=TUNATELY ! ,MAY #i ACTIONS W]E BEYOND \R ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITIES4 

,VIVA ,ZAPATA6 

  

,! FIR/ MEET+ ( ,LOVE & ,RAGE'S ,F$]ATION ,C\NCIL TOOK PLACE 9 MID-,JANU>Y #aiid 9 ,NEW ,YORK4 ,! SPACE WE HAD OBTA9$ = ! MEET+ WAS FREEZ+ COLD & ! MEET+ WAS G5]ALLY NOT V]Y PRODUCTIVE4 ,ONE S\RCE ( W>M? H[EV] WAS ! NEWS FROM ,MEXICO4 ,ON ,JANU>Y #a1 #aiid ! ,ZAPATI/A UPRIS+ 9 ,MEXICO HAD BEGUN4 ,! ,MEXICAN ,LOVE & ,RAGE GR\P ?REW ITSELF 9TO ! TASK ( GETT+ \T ! WORD ON ! UPRIS+1 & ?IS WORK WAS QUICKLY TAK5 UP BY ,LOVE & ,RAGE 9 ! ,U,S AS WELL4 

,! ,ZAPATI/A UPRIS+ PRES5T$ ,LOVE & ,RAGE ) A :OLLY UNEXPECT$ SITUATION4 ,:ILE ! ,ZAPATI/AS W]E NOT EXPLICITLY AN>*I/1 !IR POLITICS W]E V]Y CLOSE TO \R [N4 ,! ,ZAPATI/A UPRIS+ PUT REVOLUTION ON ! AG5DA 9 ,MEXICO4 ,IT HAS ALSO COMPELL$ ,LOVE & ,RAGE TO S]I\SLY CONFRONT QUE/IONS ( :AT IT WILL TAKE TO MAKE AN>*I/ REVOLUTION 9 ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 

,LOVE & ,RAGE 9ITIAT$ PRODUCTION ( A BOOK ( ,5GLI% TRANSLATIONS ( ,ZAPATI/A COMMUNIQUES & JO9$ 9 A RANGE ( SOLID>ITY ACTIVITIES ) ! ,ZAPATI/AS4 ,! ,ZAPATI/A SOLID>ITY WORK ECLIPS$ \R ORIG9AL COMMITM5T TO ! IMMIGRATION /RUGGLE :I* WE HAVE ONLY REC5TLY BE5 /RUGGL+ TO RE9CORPORATE 9TO \R WORK4 

,GETT+ ,ORGANIZ$ 

  

,! ,OCTOB] #aiid ,LOVE & ,RAGE ,F$]ATION ,CONF]5CE 9 ,M9NEAPOLIS F9ALLY APPROV$ A SET ( BY-LAWS = ! ORGANIZATION ?AT HAVE S9CE S]V$ AS ! BASIS = MAK+ DECISIONS & C>RY+ !M \T )9 ,LOVE & ,RAGE4 ,! ,M9NEAPOLIS ,CONF]5CE ALSO EXP&$ ! NUMB] ( ,WORK+ ,GR\PS TO ?REE3 ,ANTI-,FASCI/1 ,PRISON ,ABOLITION1 & ,MEXICO ,SOLID>ITY4 

#aiie SAW ANO!R UPSURGE 9 ANTI-FASCI/ WORK & ! ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,WORK+ ,GR\P PLAY$ A V]Y ACTIVE ROLE 9 GETT+ ! MIDWE/ BAS$ ,ANTI-,RACI/ ,ACTION ,NETWORK ORGANIZ$4 

,IT WAS HOP$ ?AT ! #aiie ,CONF]5CE 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY W\LD F9ALIZE ! NEW POLITICAL /ATEM5T4 ,:ILE CONSID]ABLE PROGRESS WAS MADE 9 DEVELOP+ A DRAFT DOCUM5T1 ! F9AL DOCUM5T REMA9S UNF9I%$4 

,CONSI/5CY444 & ,GR[? 

  

,! #aiig ,CONF]5CE REAFFIRM$ ! ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,WORK+ ,GR\P & ! ,>,A ,NETWORK ORI5TATION4 ,AT IT WE ALSO DECID$ TO DROP \R O!R TWO ,WORK+ ,GR\PS3 ,ANTI-,PRISON & ,MEXICO ,SOLID>ITY4 ,9 !IR PLACE WE CREAT$ TWO NEW ,WORK+ ,GR\PS3 ,ANTI-,COP & ,ANTI-,POV]TY4 

,:ILE RECOGNIZ+ ?AT \R /RUCTURE HAS BE5 BASICALLY /ABLE S9CE ! #aiid ,M9NEAPOLIS CONF]5CE1 WE F9E-TUN$ ?+S SOME:AT AT ! #aiig ,CONF]ECE4 ,WE MA9TA9$ ! BASIC /RUCTURE ( ,LOCALS1 ,WORK+ ,GR\PS1 ,F$]ATION ,C\NCIL & ,COORD9AT+ ,COMMITTEE4 ,BUT ) ! APPE>ANCE ( A FEW NEW LOCALS1 WE RETOOL$ ! ,F$]ATION ,C\NCIL SO ?AT IT IS COMPOS$ ( TWO DELEGATES ELECT$ BY EA* LOCAL4 ,! ,F$]ATION ,C\NCIL WILL N[ MEET AT LEA/ ONCE 7& HOPEFULLY MORE (T57 BETWE5 CONF]5CES4 ,!SE *ANGES >E DESIGN$ TO EMPHASIZE ?AT WE >E A F$]ATION BAS$ ON LOCALS1 & ?OSE LOCALS >E ! BASIS ( ! ORGANIZATION4 

,ADDITIONALLY1 WE TI<T5$ UP MEMB]%IP EXPECTATIONS AT ! #aiig ,CONF]5CE4 ,N[ ALL MEMB]S >E 5C\RAG$ TO FULFILL SEV5 ACTIVITIES3 7#a7 ,P>TICIPATE 9 OR CREATE AN ,L@&,R LOCAL2 7#b7 ,P>TICIPATE 9 MASS ORGANIZ+2 7#c7 ,P>TICIPATE 9 ONGO+ /UDY ( POLITICS1 HI/ORY1 & !ORY2 7#d7 ,P>TICIPATE 9 9T]NAL DISCUSSION 9 F$BULL &_/OR LOCAL 7#e7 ,PAY DUES REGUL>LY2 7#f7 ,DI/RIBUTE & SELL ,L@&,R LIT]ATURE2 & 7#g7 ,HAVE G5]AL AGREEM5T ) ! ,L@&,R ,POLITICAL ,/ATEM5T4 ,?IS IS DESIGN$ TO REPLACE ! PREVI\SLY VAGUE EXPECTIATIONS ( MEMB]S1 & TO 5SURE ?AT ,LOVE @& ,RAGE IS AN ORGANIZATION ( ACTIVI/S :O >E 5GAG$ 9 MASS ORGANIZ+ & 5GAG$ 9 ! LIFE ( ! ORGANZATION4 ,WE ALSO1 = ! FIR/ TIME1 ADOPT$ A PROGRESSIVE DUES /RUCTURE1 :I* REPLACES \R PREVI\S 0FLAT-TAX0 DUES ( #d.0 = ALL MEMB]S :O CAN AF=D IT4 

,! DEVELOPM5T ( SEV]AL NEW LOCALS1 ! ORGANIZATIONAL TI<T5+1 & ! RIS+ LEVEL ( POLITICAL DEBATE 9 ! ORGANIZATION %[ ?AT ?R\< CONSI/5T & PATI5T ORGANIZ+1 WE CAN & WILL CONT9UE TO GR[4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON #b#a#f-#f-#a#c FROM ! ,9T]NET ,>*IVE CA*E ( LOVE&RAGE4ORG47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,LOVE @& ,RAGE -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/