,*APT] #b 
,! ,AN>*ISM ( ,M]L9O 

#aibeaibe 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI 

,TEXT 3 

,WE BELIEVE ?AT SU* A DEMON/RATION IS EASY1 EV5 FACE TO FACE ) ,FRANCESCO ,SAV]IO ,M]L9O1 :O IS A =MIDABLE DEBAT]1 WISE1 V]S$ 9 DIALECTICS1 LE>N$ -- PROVID$ ?AT TWO ESS5TIAL T]MS ( ! DEBATE >E DEF9$ ) PRECISION4 

,IF WE AGREE -- & ,I AM ALMO/ C]TA9 ?AT WE DO -- ON ! NOTION ( PROGRESS & IF WE AGREE ON ! FUNDAM5TAL & *>ACT]I/IC MEAN+ ( AN>*ISM1 !N WE HAVE ONLY TO TE/ ! CONT5T ( AN>*ISM AS A DOCTR9E1 ! MULTIPLE ASPECTS & SCOPE ( ITS MANIFE/ATIONS AS A MOVEM5T1 ON ! T\*/ONE ( \R MUTUAL NOTION ( PROGRESS 9 ORD] TO D$UCE -- P]HAPS AGA9 9 AGREEM5T -- :E!R IT /ILL CONTA9S ! BASIS ( A POSITIVE PROGRESSIVE ASPIRATION 7EV5 IF IT LIES 9 ! DI/ANT FUTURE71 :E!R IT C>RIES ! VIGOR\S ?ROBS ( EXUB]ANT VITALITY1 OR ! 9COH]5T CONVULSIONS ( DI/RESS & AGONY4 

,HOP+ TO REA* ! DESIR$ & NECESS>Y H>MONY ( !SE PREMISES1 WE WILL REF] = ! NOTION ( PROGRESS TO ,LEON ,MET*NIK(F1.<#a#h.> A PHILOSOPH] AS GREAT AS HE IS UNKN[N1 9 :OM ,M]L9O HAS UND\BT$LY ! GREATE/ REG>D & CONFID5CE4 ,WE F9D HIS DEF9ITION ( PROGRESS MO/ POSITIVE & CLE>4 ,= ! NOTION ( AN>*ISM WE %ALL REF] TO A MAN ( :OSE COMPET5CE ,M]L9O HAS ! HI<E/ OP9ION1 = ?AT MAN IS444 ,F4 ,S4 ,M]L9O HIMSELF4 ,9 ! NOT$ PAMPHLET ,P]*E SIAMO AN>*ICI8 .<,:Y >E WE AN>*I/S8.> & 9 ! 9CISIVE PRES5TATION ( \R PR9CIPLES1 WRITT5 BY HIM MANY YE>S AGO = ! POND]\S ,J\RNAL DES ,ECONOMI/ES1 HE \TL9ES ) BRIEF BUT SIMPLE CL>ITY ! NATURE & *>ACT] ( \R ASPIRATIONS4.<#a#i.> 

,9 HIS SPL5DID /UDY ( ,LA ,CIVILIZATION EL ,LES ,GR&S ,FLEUVES ,HI/ORIQUES1 .<,CIVILIZATION & ! ,GREAT ,RIV]S ( ,HI/ORY.> ,LEON ,MET*NIK(F WRITES AB\T PROGRESS3 

0,9 ! FIELD ( PURE SCI5CE1 'PROGRESS' IS UND]/OOD AS ! SEQU5CE ( NATURAL PH5OM5A :]E91 AT EA* /AGE ( EVOLUTION1 5]GY MANIFE/S ITSELF ) A GR[+ V>IETY & 9T5SITY4 ,! S]IES IS CALL$ 'PROGRESSIVE' :5 EA* ONE ( ITS /AGES REPRODUCES ! PREC$+ ONES PLUS SOME NEW TRAIT ?AT DID NOT EXI/ 9 ! PREC$+ PHASE1 &1 9 ITS TURN1 IT BECOMES ! EMBRYO ( A NEW PLUS 9 ! FOLL[+ /AGE4 ,A PLANT M>KS A 'PROGRESS' OV] ! M9]AL WORLD2 IT REPRES5TS ! PROCESS ( NON-ORGANIZ$ NATURE PLUS ! SPECIFIC PECULI>ITIES ( NUTRITION1 GR[?1 REPRODUCTION4 ,! ANIMAL1 9 ITS TURN1 %[S A PROGRESS BEYOND VEGETABLE LIFE1 BECAUSE IT ADDS ITS PECULI> FACULTIES ( MOVEM5T & S5SITIVITY TO ! ACQUISITIONS ( ! PLANT4 ,MAN IS A PROGRESS OV] ALL O!R V]TEBRATES BECAUSE HIS S5SITIVE & 9TELLECTUAL LIFE MAKE HIM CAPABLE ( 5JOY+ A WEAL? UNKN[N TO HIS PR$ECESSORS40 

,( AN>*ISM AS AN ASPIRATION & PHILOSOPHY1 ,M]L9O WRITES3 0,! ESS5CE ( AN>*ISM )9 ! EVOLUTION ( ?\<T & SOCIETY IS ! TOTAL IMAGE ( MAN1 HIS 9TEGRATION1 HIS NE$S1 HIS UNEXPLOR$ 5]GIES1 HIS 9F9ITE CAPACITY = DEVELOPM5T1 HIS SOCIABILITY1 HIS MANY RELATIONS ) HIS FELL[ MAN & ) ! \T] WORLD40 ,!RE=E1 FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! AIMS ( AN>*ISM >E3  

0,! ECONOMIC 9TEGRATION ( MAN1 :O IS AT PRES5T FRAGM5T>Y OR 9COMPLETE1 EI!R MA/] OR SLAVE1 M9D OR MUSCLE1 BY COMB9+ ! QUALITIES ( BO? PRODUC] & CONSUM] 9 EV]Y S+LE P]SON1 BY MAK+ ! TOOLS & MEANS ( PRODUCTION AVAILABLE TO ALL ! WORK]S40  

0,! 9TELLECTUAL 9TEGRATION ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE BY UNIT+ MAT]IAL & 9TELLECTUAL1 9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL WORK BY MEANS ( A V>IETY ( OCCUPATIONS1 SO ?AT ALL ! HUMAN FACULTIES MAY BE ACTIVAT$ 79T5SIVE CULTIVATION ( ! HUMAN BE+740  

0,! MORAL 9TEGRATION ( MAN2 SATISFACTION ( ALL HIS MORAL & MAT]IAL NE$S2 LIB]TY & LACK ( CO]CION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL2 SECURITY ( LIFE2 COMPLETE DEVELOPM5T ( LIFE = ALL HUMAN BE+S40  
  

,BUT1 9 ?IS SOCIETY1 :I* WANTS TO MAKE AVAILABLE TO ALL WORK]S ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & WANTS TO ASSURE EV]YONE ( ITS MEMB]S ! SATISFACTION ( ALL MAT]IAL & MORAL NE$S1 LIB]TY1 LACK ( CO]CION & 9TEGRAL DEVELOPM5T ( EA* P]SON --  

,:O WILL ORGANIZE WORK & ALL ITS REQUIREM5TS8  

,ON :AT PR9CIPLES WILL ORGANIZATION BE BUILT8  

,H[ WILL ! P>TICIPATION ( EV]YONE 9 WORK & 9 LEISURE BE MANAG$8  
  

,M]L9O REPLIES3  

,EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 AUTONOM\S )9 A FREE GR\P1 WILL MANAGE HIS [N 9T]E/S4  

,! BASIS ( ! ORGANIZATION ( AN>*I/ SOCIETY WILL BE 9 ! SOLID>ITY ( ALL 9T]E/S & ! MUTUAL AGREEM5T AMONG ! WORK]S4  

,EV]YONE WILL P>TICIPATE 9 BO? PRODUCTION & 5JOYM5T1 ACCORD+ TO HIS OR H] ABILITY & NE$S4  
  

0,W\LD !RE BE NE$ = A GOV]NM5T1 A P>LIAM5T1 A CAB9ET1 A POLICE =CE1 A JUDICI>Y80 ,NO?+ ( ?IS K9D W\LD EXI/ 9 ! AN>*I/ SY/EM4 0,& H[ CAN ALL ?IS COME AB\T80 

,! FIR/ /EP T[>DS ! FUTURE SOCIETY WILL BE REVOLUTION1 9EVITABLE BECAUSE ! RUL+ CLASSES WILL YIELD ONLY TO =CE4 ,! WORK+ MAN MU/ MAKE HIS [N REVOLUTION1 TAKE BACK :AT HAS BE5 TAK5 FROM HIM1 REPOSSESS EV]Y?+ HE HAS PRODUC$ & O!RS HAVE SEIZ$1 9 %ORT3 EXPROPRIATE ! [N]S & ! CAPITALI/S4 

0,C\LD NOT SOME GOOD BE ACCOMPLI%$1 A FEW /EPS =W>D TAK51 BY P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! ELECTIONS ) =MAL C&IDATES80 

,NO4 ,WE KN[ = C]TA9 ?AT WORK]S >E DECEIV$ & *EAT$ 9 ELECTIONS1 ?AT !Y WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO S5D !IR COMRADES TO ,P>LIAM5T &444 ?AT EV5 IF ! MAJORITY 9 ,P>LIAM5T W]E WORK]S1 !Y W\LD BE UNABLE TO DO ANY?+4 

,9/EAD ( HELP+ ! WORK]S1 ELECTIONS DAMAGE !IR [N CAUSE4 ,ONCE ELECT$ TO (FICE1 EV5 ! MORE ACTIVE & 9TELLIG5T AMONG !IR COMRADES BECOME R5EGADES OR IDL]S4 ,! PEOPLE >E L$ TO BELIEVE ?AT SALVATION WILL COME FROM ABOVE1 FROM ! GOV]NM5T1 FROM ! ,P>LIAM5T1 & !Y CEASE TO FI<T4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,?IS IS AN>*ISM1 DOCTR9E & TACTIC1 ACCORD+ TO ,FRANCESCO ,SAV]IO ,M]L9O4 

,WE C\LD HAVE BE5 MORE CONCISE &4 AT PO9TS1 MORE EXPLICIT1 BY DRAW+ ! FUNDAM5TALS ( AN>*ISM FROM ,KROPOTK91 FROM ,MALATE/A4 ,GRAVE1 ,T*]KES(F OR ,FAURE4.<#b.> ,BUT1 AS WE SAID AT ! BEG9N+1 WE WANT$ TO AVOID ANY POSSIBLE MISUND]/&+1 :I* MI<T MISDIRECT ! DEBATE1 MAK+ IT WOR?LESS1 5DLESS1 OR 9CONCLUSIVE2 !RE=E1 WE HAVE RE/RICT$ \RSELVES TO ,M]L9O'S [N CONCEPTION4 

,AFT] ALL1 HIS CONCLUSIONS >E ! ONES G5]ALLY ACCEPT$3 AN>*ISM IS ! POLITICAL DOCTR9E ?AT AIMS TO A*IEVE A SOCIETY :]E9 ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 TRANS=MATION1 OR EX*ANGE BE+ COMMON PROP]TY1 :]E EA* MEMB] ( SOCIETY WILL F9D FULL SATISFACTION ( HIS 7OR H]7 MAT]IAL & MORAL NE$S & CAN SPONTANE\SLY GIVE HIS CONTRIBUTION ACCORD+ TO HIS 7OR H]7 CAPACITY & ABILITY4 ,! SECURITY ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL 9 A FREE SOCIETY LIES 9 ! UNIV]SAL SOLID>ITY ( HUMAN 9T]E/S & 9 ! FREE AGREEM5T ( ! 9T]E/$ PEOPLE2 ALL =MS ( COMPULSION1 ( AU?ORITY1 ( EXPLOITATION >E REJECT$3 !SE >E ! FUNDAM5TAL T5ETS ( ! SOCIAL ORD] CALL$ ,AN>*Y4 

,IT IS COMMON KN[L$GE ?AT ,M]L9O DIS[N$ !SE IDEAS T5 YE>S AGO .<#a#h#i#g.>4 ,BUT ?AT DOESN'T MEAN ?AT1 IF HE HAS TO SPEAK AB\T AN>*ISM AS ?\<T & ACTION1 HE DOES NOT REF] 9 A SPECIAL WAY TO ! IDEAS & ! ME?ODS ?AT HE HELD = SO MANY YE>S ) CONVICTION1 ACTION & UNEQUAL$ SELF-D5IAL4 ,! *>ACT]I/IC ASPIRATIONS ( AN>*ISM >E !N1 9 ! ECONOMIC FIELD1 COMMUNISM2 9 ! POLITICAL FIELD1 ! ELIM9ATION ( ALL =MS ( AU?ORITY & COMPULSION4 

,BUT ?IS TWO-FOLD ASPIRATION ( AN>*ISM MU/ BE UND]/OOD 9 A L>G] & MORE COMPLEX MANN] ?AN ?IS SUMM>Y MI<T 9DICATE AT FIR/ SI<T4 

,BESIDES D5OT+ COMMON [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE 7AN EXPRESSION ?AT IS G5]ALLY US$ BY ALL BRAN*ES ( SOCIALISM71 COMMUNISM IMPLIES N[ADAYS A :OLE S]IES ( RELATIONS2 IT IMPLIES ?AT ! MAT]IAL & MORAL NE$S ( EV]YONE BE SATISFI$ )\T ANY RE/RICTION O!R ?AN ?AT :I* IS IMPOS$ BY NATURE2 & IT FUR!R IMPLIES ?AT ! CONTRIBUTION TO ! NECESS>Y TASK ( PRODUCTION %\LD BE GIV5 VOLUNT>ILY BY EV]YONE1 ACCORD+ TO !IR CAPACITY & APTITUDE4 

,?US1 ! ABS5CE ( AU?ORITY & CO]CION NOT ONLY IMPLIES ! ABOLITION ( GOV]NM5T1 LAWS & CON/ITUT$ SOCIAL ORD]S2 IT IMPLIES ALSO -- & ABOVE ALL -- ! ABOLITION ( ALL =MS ( C5TRALIZATION ( FUNCTIONS1 EV5 IF M]ELY ADM9I/RATIVE4442 IT IMPLIES ! NONEXI/5CE ( AU?ORITY1 BE IT ( ! MAJORITY OR ( A M9ORITY2 IT MEANS ! FRE$OM ( ! AUTONOM\S 9DIVIDUAL -- ALL 9DIVIDUALS -- )9 ! FREE SOCIETY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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