,*APT] #c 
,! ,*>ACT]I/ICS ( ,AN>*ISM 

#aibeaibe 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI 

,TEXT 3 

,!SE AIMS >E *>ACT]I/IC ( AN>*ISM1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE ! :OLE AN>*I/ DOCTR9E RE/S UPON !M AS A FUNDAM5TAL BASIS1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE AN>*ISM ALONE PROMOTES !M & PURSUES !IR REALIZATION &1 !RE=E1 !Y CON/ITUTE ! ESS5CE ?AT DI/+UI%ES AN>*ISM FROM ALL ! O!R S*OOLS ( SOCIALISM4 

,IF WE R$UCE ! ANTI!SES EXI/+ 9 ! V>I\S S*OOLS ( SOCIALISM TO ?OSE ?AT DI/+UI% AN>*I/-COMMUNI/S FROM SOCIALI/-COLLECTIVI/S 7!SE BE+1 AFT] ALL1 ! ONLY VITAL TR5DS ( POPUL> SOCIALISM1 ! ONLY ONES 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS CONTROV]SY1 BECAUSE1 ACCORD+ TO ,M]L9O1 :AT IS ESS5TIAL 9 AN>*ISM HAS BE5 ABSORB$ BY SOCIALI/-COLLECTIVISM7 ?IS WILL EXPOSE 9 A MU* CLE>] WAY ! EXACT T]MS ( !IR DIFF]5CES4 

,9 ! COLLECTIVI/ SOCIETY1 PROMOT$ 7ALMO/ )\T EXCEPTIONS7 BY ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 WORK & SATISFACTION ( NE$S WILL BE DIRECT$ BY ! WORK]S' COLLECTIVE BY MEANS ( REPRES5TATIVES1 ADM9I/RATORS1 FUNCTION>IES -- 9 %ORT1 BY :AT ! SOCIALI/S LIKE TO CALL ! 'ADM9I/RATION GOV]NM5T' -- BECAUSE1 AFT] ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! EXI/+ DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9 CLASSES1 ! POLITICAL FUNCTIONS ( GOV]NM5T W\LD HAVE NO REASON TO EXI/1 & ! GOV]NM5T W\LD BE NO?+ BUT A C\NCIL *>G$ ) ! COLLECTIVE MANAGEM5T ( ! SOCIAL E/ATE4 

,9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 ! FREE 9DIVIDUAL )9 ! FREE SOCIETY W\LD PROCE$ TO TAKE C>E ( HIS 9T]E/S P]SONALLY4 ,TO CONCEIVE ( A GOV]NM5T -- EV5 IF IT W]E A SIMPLE ADM9I/RATIVE GOV]NM5T -- ONE MU/ IMPLICITLY AGREE ?AT 0,ALL ! 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE PEOPLE BE CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! H&S ( A FEW2 ?AT A SMALL NUMB] ( PEOPLE ACT = ! :OLE NATION2 ?AT 9/EAD ( LETT+ ! S+LE 9DIVIDUAL ?9K = HIMSELF1 HE BE =C$ TO SUBMIT TO ! WILL ( ?OSE :O ?9K = ALL ! PEOPLE04 

,N[ ALL ?IS IS 9CONSI/5T ) ! FREE & EGALIT>IAN SOCIETY ( :I* WE >E TALK+4 

,! CONTRA/ IS EV5 MORE VIOL5T IF ! /&>DS ) :I* A COLLECTIVI/ SOCIETY >RANGES EA* P]SON'S P>TICIPATION 9 WORK & 9 PLEASURE >E COMP>$ TO ! /&>DS :I* W\LD PREVAIL 9 AN AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 

,! COLLECTIVI/-SOCIALI/S DEM& FROM EA* ONE1 ACCORD+ TO HIS ABILITY1 REW>D+ EA* ABILITY 9 PROPORTION TO ITS WORK4 

,! COMMUNI/-AN>*I/S SAY 9/EAD ?AT ANYONE :O1 ( HIS FREE WILL1 TAKES P>T 9 ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS ACCORD+ TO HIS CAPACITY1 WILL RECEIVE ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$S4 

,:ILE ! COLLECTIVI/-SOCIALI/S LIMIT !IR DEM&S TO ! F9I%$ PRODUCT ( !IR WORK1 ! AN>*I/S PROCLAIM ?AT REG>DLESS ( ! VALUE ( ! PRODUCT1 ! 9DIVIDUAL WORK] WILL BE 5TITL$ TO ! FULL SATISFACTION ( HIS NE$S4  
  

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,! ANTI!SIS ( ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL AIMS ( ! TWO S*OOLS PO9TS AGA9 TO A CONTRA/ ( MEANS4 

,:ILE ! SOCIALI/ P>TY PROMOTES 0,A /RUGGLE BY TRADES TO OBTA9 IMM$IATE IMPROVEM5TS 9 ! WORK+ CONDITIONS -- H\RS1 WAGES1 %OP RULES1 ETC 7RE=MS7 & A WID] /RUGGLE ?AT AIMS TO CONQU] POLITICAL P[]1 /ATE & LOCAL ADM9I/RATIONS1 *>ITABLE 9/ITUTIONS = ! PURPOSE ( TRANS=M+ !M FROM TOOLS ( OPPRESSION 9TO TOOLS CAPABLE ( EXPROPRIAT+ ! RUL+ CLASS 7POLITICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE ELECTORAL COMPETITION70.<#b#a.> -- ! AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT NO EFFECTIVE CONQUE/ 9 ! ECONOMIC FIELD IS POSSIBLE SO LONG AS ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION REMA9 ! P]SONAL PROP]TY ( ! CAPITALI/S4 ,RE=MS CAN APPE> TO BE B5EFICIAL = A %ORT TIME4 ,! WORK] :O US$ TO WORK T5 H\RS A DAY 9 ! PA/ & WORKS N[ ONLY EI<T H\RS1 ! WORK] :O US$ TO E>N ?REE LIRE A DAY & N[ E>NS F\R LIRE1 FEELS ?AT HE HAS GA9$ SOME?+ UNTIL HE REALIZES ?AT ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+ -- 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( ! R$UCTION ( WORK+ TIME & RAISE ( PAY -- HAS REE/ABLI%$ ! EQUILIBRIUM TO ! EXCLUSIVE ADVANTAGE ( !444 CAPITALI/4 ,BUT ! AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT TO SOLICIT !SE RE=MS IS NOT & CANNOT BE A FUNCTION P]TA9+ EI!R TO ! PROLET>IAT OR !MSELVES4 

,! AN>*I/S1 LIKE ! SOCIALI/S1 WANT & URGE ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 BUT !Y DO NOT HOPE AT ALL = ITS G5]OSITY NOR ITS PHILAN?ROPY & JU/ICE4 ,CONFRONT$ ) ! VIOL5T PRESSURE ( ! MASSES TRY+ TO OV]?R[ IT1 ! B\RGEOISIE ?R[S \T EA* DAY A LITTLE ( ITS BALLA/2 IT GIVES UP SOME ( ITS >ROGANCE OR IT MAKES SOME 9ANE CONCESSION -- PAID HOLIDAYS1 LAWS PROTECT+ WOM5 & WORK+ *ILDR51 /ATE M$IC9E1 ETC1 BUT ONLY = ! PURPOSE ( SAV+ ITS BANKRUPT PRIVILEGES4 

,?AT IS !IR BUS9ESS3 RE=MS REMA9 -- & %\LD REMA9 -- A CONC]N & A FUNCTION ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 NOT ( ! AN>*I/S1 NOR ( ! SOCIALI/S EI!R1 IF !Y >E S9C]ELY CONV9C$ ?AT ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! RUL+ CLASS IS AN 9EVITABLE CONDITION ( !IR ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION4 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT RA!R ?AN %ORT-RANGE 9EFFECTUAL CONQUE/S1 TACTICS ( CORROSION & CONT9U\S ATTACK %\LD BE PREF]R$1 :I* DEM& FROM /RIKES ( AN OP5LY REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] MORE ?AN %ORT] H\RS OR PALTRY WAGE 9CREASES2 :I* DEM&1 9/EAD1 ! EXP]I5CE ( A MORE EXT5SIVE SOLID>ITY & AN EV] DEEP] AW>5ESS AS AN 9DISP5SABLE CONDITION = ! REALIZATION ( ! G5]AL ECONOMIC /RIKE ( A :OLE TRADE1 ( ALL ! TRADES1 9 ORD] TO OBTA91 ?R\< ! 9EVITABLE USE ( =CE & VIOL5CE1 ! UNCONDITIONAL SURR5D] ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,M]L9O1 HIMSELF1 KN[S ?AT !Y YIELD ONLY TO =CE4 ,?US1 9/EAD ( ! M]E PASSIVE & POLITE RESI/ANCE SO F]V5TLY RECOMM5D$ BY ! SOCIALI/S1 ! AN>*I/S PREF] BOYCOTT1 SABOTAGE1 &1 = ! SAKE ( /RUGGLE ITSELF1 IMM$IATE ATTEMPTS AT P>TIAL EXPROPRIATION1 9DIVIDUAL REBELLION & 9SURRECTION -- ACTIONS :I* USUALLY REAP SO MU* SOCIALI/ HORROR & CURS+1 BUT :I* EX]T ! MO/ SPIRIT$ 9FLU5CE OV] ! MASSES & RESOLVE !MSELVES 9 A MORAL ADVANTAGE ( ! HI<E/ ORD]4 

,! DIFF]5T /&>DS BY :I* SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S EVALUATE RE=MS LEAD TO A DIFF]5T & DIV]G5T POLITICAL ACTION4 

,! SOCIALI/S BELIEVE ?AT RE=MS >E AN 9DISP5SABLE & 9EVITABLE WAY TO ! GRADUAL ELEVATION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 & SO !Y DELUDE !MSELVES AB\T ! ADVANTAGES !Y MAY REALIZE4 ,!Y CONSID] ! W9N+ ( RE=MS AS A SPECIFIC FUNCTION ( !IR P>TY1 & = ?IS !Y HAVE GIV5 UP ! MO/ IMPORTANT & *>ACT]I/IC P>T ( !IR ECONOMIC AIMS4 ,UND]TAK+ A :OLE S]IES ( POLITICAL /RUGGLES & CONQUE/S1 !Y HAVE HAD TO RETREAT FROM ! C\RSE :I* !Y HAD SO C\RAGE\SLY TAK5 AT FIR/1 & !Y HAVE 5D$ BY CONFUS+ !MSELVES ) ! OLD RADICAL DEMOCRACY ?AT !Y HAD VIOL5TLY BROK5 AWAY FROM A SCORE ( YE>S BE=E4 

,!IR TRU/ 9 IMM$IATE IMPROVEM5TS1 9 GRADUAL GA9S1 & 9 LEGISLATIVE RE=MS1 WAS B\ND TO RECONCILE !M ) P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY1 S9CE !SE RE=MS C\LD BE 9ITIAT$1 APPROV$ & PROCLAIM$ ONLY AS LAWS ( ! ,/ATE4 ,?IS1 9 TURN1 HAD TO RECONCILE !M TO ! ,/ATE1 :I* W\LD BE 5TRU/$ ) ! APPLICATION & COMPLIANCE ( SU* RE=M LAWS4 ,& ?IS W\LD 9EVITABLY RECONCILE !M ) ! HAT$ B\RGEOISIE1 S9CE ONLY ) ! COOP]ATION ( ITS LESS BACKW>D SECTORS C\LD !Y HOPE TO ATTA9 ! P>LIAM5T>Y SANCTION = ! DESIR$ RE=MS4 

,NOT ONLY HAS ?IS DEVIATION L$ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY TO DISAV[ MANY ( ITS ORIG9AL T5ETS1 BUT IT HAS PU%$ ! P>TY D[N ! SLOPE ( SY/EMATIC CONCESSIONS1 REJECT+ ! ACTION & ESS5CE ( SOCIALISM ITSELF4 

,= DIRECT PRESSURE PUT AGA9/ ! RUL+ CLASSES BY ! MASSES1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY HAS SUB/ITUT$ REPRES5TATION & ! RIGID DISCIPL9E ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIALI/S1 :O HAVE ALWAYS SACRIFIC$ ! G5]AL 9T]E/ ( ! PROLET>IAT TO ! ADVANTAGE ( !IR [N POLITICAL & P>LIAM5T>IAN FUNCTION4 ,& 9/EAD ( FO/]+ ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 :I* WAS1 9 ! PA/1 ! *>ACT]I/IC M>K ( SOCIALI/ ORGANIZATION & ACTIVITY2 IT HAS ADOPT$ CLASS COLLABORATION 9 ! LEGISLATIVE >5A1 )\T :I* ALL RE=MS W\LD REMA9 A VA9 HOPE4 ,?US1 ! NE$ TO GA9 ! TRU/ ( ! RUL+ CLASSES1 :OSE COLLABORATION WAS NECESS>Y = ?IS WORK ( RE=M1 & ( ! ,/ATE1 :I* WAS TO SUP]VISE ITS APPLICATION1 COMPELL$ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY TO R5EGE ON ! ESS5TIAL AIMS ( SOCIALISM2 IE1 ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,!SE BECAME ON ! P>T ( 'SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM' ! FAVORITE T>GET = ! S>CA/IC LAU<T] & F]OCI\S IRONIES ( ITS BEM$AL$ PROPHETS4  
  

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,S9CE ! AN>*I/S VALUE RE=MS = :AT !Y >E -- ! BALLA/ ! B\RGEOISIE ?R[S OV]BO>D TO LI<T5 ITS OLD BOAT 9 ! HOPE ( SAV+ ! SAD C>GO ( ITS PRIVILEGES FROM S9K+ 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y /ORM -- !Y HAVE NO P>TICUL> 9T]E/ 9 !M EXCEPT TO DISCR$IT !IR DANG]\S MIRAGE1 = !Y >E SURE ?AT SOCIAL RE=MS WILL COME ANYWAY1 FA/]1 MORE (T5 & MORE RADICALLY1 AS ATTACKS AGA9/ ! EXI/+ SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS BECOME MORE =CEFUL & VIOL5T4 

,H5CE1 !Y HAVE ALWAYS FIRMLY RESI/$ APPEALS ?AT FAVOR LEGAL ACTION1 ESPECIALLY ELECTORAL & P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 BECAUSE AN>*I/S >E CONV9C$ ?AT3 0,9 ! ELECTORAL PROCESS1 ! WORK+ PEOPLE WILL ALWAYS BE *EAT$ & DECEIV$2 ?AT !Y WILL NEV] SUCCE$ 9 S5D+ !IR [N COMRADES TO ,P>LIAM5T1 BUT EV5 IF !Y DID MANAGE TO S5D ONE1 OR T51 OR FIFTY ( !M !RE1 !Y W\LD BECOME SPOIL$ & P[]LESS4 ,FUR!RMORE1 EV5 IF ! MAJORITY ( ,P>LIAM5T W]E COMPOS$ ( WORK]S1 !Y C\LD DO NO?+4 ,NOT ONLY IS !RE ! S5ATE1 ! K+1 ! C\RT1 ! M9I/]S1 ! *IEFS ( ! >M$ =CES1 ! HEADS ( ! JUDICI>Y & ( ! POLICE1 :O W\LD BE AGA9/ ! P>LIAM5T>Y BILLS ADVANC$ BY SU* A *AMB] & :O W\LD REFUSE TO 5=CE LAWS FAVOR+ ! WORK]S 7IT HAS HAPP5$72 BUT FUR!RMORE LAWS >E NOT MIRACUL\S2 NO LAW CAN PREV5T ! CAPITALI/S FROM EXPLOIT+ ! WORK]S2 NO LAW CAN =CE ! [N]S TO KEEP !IR FACTORIES OP5 & EMPLOY WORK]S AT SU* & SU* CONDITIONS1 NOR =CE %OPKEEP]S TO SELL AT A C]TA9 PRICE1 & SO ON40.<#b#b.> 

,CONTR>Y TO ELECTORAL & P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 :I* REQUIRES DISCIPL9$ AU?ORIT>IAN ORGANIZATIONS1 AN>*I/S FAVOR DIRECT ACTION BY ! WORK]S & AB/5TION FROM POLITICAL ACTIVITY4 

,! AN>*I/S' ELECTORAL AB/5TIONISM IMPLIES NOT ONLY A CONCEPTION ?AT IS OPPOS$ TO ! PR9CIPLE ( REPRES5TATION 7:I* IS TOTALLY REJECT$ BY AN>*ISM71 IT IMPLIES ABOVE ALL AN ABSOLUTE LACK ( CONFID5CE 9 ! ,/ATE4 ,& ?IS DI/RU/1 :I* IS 9/9CTIVE 9 ! WORK+ MASSES1 IS = ! AN>*I/S ! RESULT ( !IR HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE ) ! ,/ATE & ITS FUNCTION1 :I* HAS1 AT ALL TIMES & 9 ALL PLACES1 RESULT$ 9 A SELFI% & EXCLUSIVE PROTECTION ( ! RUL+ CLASSES & !IR PRIVILEGES4 ,FUR!RMORE1 AN>*I/ AB/5TIONISM HAS CONSEQU5CES :I* >E MU* LESS SUP]FICIAL ?AN ! 9]T APA?Y ASCRIB$ TO IT BY ! SNE]+ C>E]I/S ( 'SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM'4 ,IT /RIPS ! ,/ATE ( ! CON/ITUTIONAL FRAUD ) :I* IT PRES5TS ITSELF TO ! GULLIBLE AS ! TRUE REPRES5TATIVE ( ! :OLE NATION1 &1 9 SO DO+1 EXPOSES ITS ESS5TIAL *>ACT] AS REPRES5TATIVE1 PROCUR] & POLICEMAN ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 

,DI/RU/ ( RE=MS1 ( PUBLIC P[]S & ( DELEGAT$ AU?ORITY1 CAN LEAD TO DIRECT ACTION 9 ! /RUGGLES ( DEMOLITION & V9DICATION4 ,IT CAN DET]M9E ! REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( ?IS TWO-FOLD ACTION2 &1 ACCORD+LY1 AN>*I/S REG>D IT AS ! BE/ AVAILABLE MEANS = PREP>+ ! MASSES TO MANAGE !IR [N P]SONAL & COLLECTIVE 9T]E/S2 &1 BESIDES1 AN>*I/S FEEL ?AT EV5 N[ ! WORK+ PEOPLE >E FULLY CAPABLE ( H&L+ !IR [N POLITICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE 9T]E/S1 &1 MADE CONSCI\S BY ! EXP]I5CE ( PA/ MI/AKES1 !Y >E ADVANC+ T[>DS ! ULTIMATE =MS ( LIB]ATION -- SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 ECONOMIC COMMUNISM1 AN>*Y6 

,! ANTI!SIS BETWE5 SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S IS ALSO EVID5T 9 ! MEANS ( PROPAG&A & ACTION4 

,! SOCIALI/S NE$ AU?ORIT>IAN ORGANIZATIONS1 C5TRALIZ$ & DISCIPL9$1 = !IR LEGAL & P>LIAM5T>IAN ACTIVITIES4 ,!IR ACTION LIES 9 ! C$+ ( P[] BY ALL TO SOMEONE1 ! DELEGATE1 ! REPRES5TATIVE1 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P1 & !IR ACTION IS !RE=E CONDEMN$ TO BE CIRCUMSCRIB$ )9 ! *OK+ CONF9ES ( ! EXI/+ LAWS4 

,AN>*ISM REJECTS AU?ORITY 9 ANY =M3 TO ! PR9CIPLE ( REPRES5TATION1 IT OPPOSES ! DIRECT & 9DEP5D5T ACTION ( 9DIVIDUALS & MASSES3 TO EGALIT>IAN & P>LIAM5T>IAN ACTION1 IT OPPOSES REBELLION1 9SURRECTION1 ! G5]AL /RIKE1 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,HAV+ ?US BRIEFLY DEF9$ ! TRAITS ?AT DI/+UI% AN>*I/ !ORY & ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T FROM ?OSE ( ! SOCIALI/S1 WE HAVE ONLY TO RELATE !M TO ! NOTION ( PROGRESS4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,MET*NIK(F -- & WE REF] TO HIM BECAUSE WE ?9K ?AT NOBODY ELSE HAS DEF9$ PROGRESS 9 A BETT] WAY -- PROGRESS MEANS A CONT9U\S SUCCESSION ( PH5OM5A 9 :I* 5]GY MANIFE/S ITSELF AT EA* /AGE ( EVOLUTION ) AN EV]-GR[+ V>IETY & 9T5SITY2 ! S]IES IS CALL$ 'PROGRESSIVE' :51 AT EA* ONE ( ITS /AGES1 IT REPRODUCES ALL ITS PREVI\S TRAITS PLUS A NEW ONE ?AT DID NOT EXI/ 9 ! PREC$+ PHASES1 & :I* BECOMES1 9 ITS TURN1 ! G]M ( A NEW PLUS 9 ! FOLL[+ /AGES4 

,N[1 9 ! SUCCESSION ( ?OSE SOCIAL PH5OM5A :I* M>K ! EVOLUTION>Y /EPS ( PROP]TY & ! ,/ATE1 ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL =MS1 :AT PLACE DO AN>*I/-COMMUNISM & SOCIALI/-COLLECTIVISM OCCUPY8 ,:I* ( !SE TWO DOCTR9ES & MOVEM5TS REPRODUCES ALL ! TRAITS ( ! PREC$+ PHASES1 ADD+ A NEW TRAIT NON-EXI/5T 9 PREC$+ PHASES1 & WILL BE ! EMBRYO ( A NEW TRAIT APPE>+ 9 ALL SUBSEQU5T /AGES8 

,BY SOLV+ ?IS FIR/ PO9T WE WILL >RIVE AT ! SOLUTION ( ! MA9 PROBLEM4 

,OBVI\SLY1 IF IT CAN BE PROV5 ?AT AN>*I/-COMMUNISM CON=MS TO ?IS DEF9ITION ( PROGRESS MU* MORE ?AN DOES SOCIALI/-COLLECTIVISM1 ONE C\LD NO LONG] SPEAK AB\T DECAD5T & MORIBUND AN>*ISM2 ONE W\LD CONCLUDE 9/EAD ?AT SOCIALISM IS DECAD5T & MORIBUND4 ,AS VITALITY1 5]GY1 & ! POSSIBILITY ( REALIZATION1 >E ! CONDITIONS ( PROGRESS1 SO 9]TIA1 /ILLNESS & DEA? >E ITS CONTRADICTION & D5IAL4 

,= US ?IS DEMON/RATION SEEMS TO BE EASY4 ,A M]E GLANCE AT ! HI/ORICAL EVOLUTION ( PROP]TY IS 5\< TO SEE ! PROGRESSIVE SUCCESSION ( ! /EPS M>K+ ! WAY FROM SLAV]Y TO ECONOMIC FRE$OM4 

,GRE$Y & AUTOCRATIC AT ITS ORIG9S1 :I* W]E FRAUD & VIOL5CE1 PROP]TY2 IE1 ! RI<T TO USE & MISUSE ONE'S [N ?+S )\T RE/RA9T 7& IT IS WELL TO REMEMB] ?AT AT ?AT TIME HUMAN BE+S W]E AMONG ! ?+S [N$71 KNEW NO OPPOSITION NOR LIMITATIONS1 NOT EV5 ! NE$ TO EXPLA9 OR JU/IFY IT4 ,IT WAS ! RI<T SANCTION$ BY ! WELL-KN[N APHORISM3 0,BLESS$ BE ! [N]S1 = ASK$ :Y !Y [N1 !Y CAN REPLY SIMPLY3 ',BECAUSE WE DO6'0 

,BUT 9SOL5T1 >ROGANT ABUSE >\SES ANG]1 9/IGATES PROTE/S1 IGNITES REBELLION1 & DISPELS ! CURSE FROM ! HE>TS ( ! RESIGN$ S]FS4 ,! GOSPELS1 ! HOLY FA!RS ( ! *UR* ! *RI/IAN DOCTR9E1 BR& WEAL? AS A CRIME1 ! RI* AS GOD'S 5EMIES1 ADMONI%+ ?AT A CAMEL CAN MORE EASILY PASS ?R\< ! EYE ( A NE$LE ?AN A RI* P]SON ?R\< ! GATES ( HEAV52 ,*RI/IANITY OPPOSES ! ABSOLUTE RI<T ( PROP]TY ) *>ITY1 AS A PRIZE = R5UNCIATION1 AS A TOK5 ( GRACE4 

,HUMAN RI<TS -- B>ELY DAWN+ ON ! HORIZON ( ,ROME -- WILL1 ?R\< ,HADRIAN & ,M>CUS ,AURELIUS1.<#b#c.> TAKE FROM PROP]TY AS A FIR/ CONQUE/1 ! RI<T ( LIFE & DEA? OV] SLAVES1 & !N1 REA*+ MATURITY1 WILL REQUIRE ?AT IT LIVE ) HONE/Y1 NOT (F5D ANYONE1 & GIVE EA* P]SON HIS [N DUE4 

,NOT)/&+ ! BLOODY REBELLION ( ! ,ANABAPTI/S1 PROP]TY WILL REMA9 PRIVILEG$1 FEUDAL1 LORDLY DUR+ ! MIDDLE AGES1 BUT IT WILL HUMBLE ITSELF & WILL SEEK TO JU/IFY ITSELF4 ,!RE=E1 ! FIEF IS ! DUE & FITT+ REW>D = BRAV]Y 9 W>1 OR = ! POLITICAL WISDOM ONE'S =EBE>S HAVE DISPLAY$ 9 ! S]VICE ( K+'S CAUSE1 OR ! *UR*1 OR ! C\NTRY4 ,IT IS1 ABOVE ALL1 ! REW>D = ! CONT9U$ LOYALTY & DEVOTION ( !IR DESC5DANTS4 

,AFT] ! RI<TS ( MAN & CITIZ51 ! EQUALITY ( RI<TS & OBLIGATIONS HAVE BE5 PROCLAIM$ UPON ! RU9S ( ! ,BA/ILLE1 A MU* MORE PR(\ND REVOLUTION ?AN ! ONE ?AT SPR\T$ FROM ! ,5CYCLOP$I/S BEG9S1 ONE ?AT IS BAS$ UPON ! SUB/ITUTION ( 9DIVIDUAL EF=T ) ME*ANICAL & COLLECTIVE MEANS4 ,& PROP]TY NO LONG] SEEKS ITS JU/IFICATIONS FROM 9VE/ITURE1 LEGAL GIFTS1 OR RI<TS1 BUT FROM G5IUS1 FROM SAV+S1 FROM ! 9DISP5SABLE COOP]ATION ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE & ! CAPITALI/S HAVE GIV5 TO ! REVOLUTION1 FROM ! 9DISPUTABLE IMPROVEM5T ( ! G5]AL CONDITION ( LIFE4 

,?\< 9 REAL LIFE ?+S HAVE REMA9$ UN*ANG$ 9 !IR ESS5CE1 :AT A DI/ANCE HAS BE5 TRAVEL$ 9 ! E?ICAL & JURIDICAL FIELD FROM ! OLD ,ROMAN CONCEPT ( PROP]TY1 :I* GAVE ! [N] ABSOLUTE RI<T ( LIFE & DEA? OV] HIS SLAVES1 TO ! LAWS N[ EXI/+ 9 ! MORE DEVELOP$ ( \R NATIONS1 :I*1 BY RECOGNIZ+ ! WORK]S' RI<T TO SECURITY & P5SIONS1 SANCTION ! SOCIAL FUNCTION ( PROP]TY6 

,! SOCIAL FUNCTION ( PROP]TY1 :I* IS AFT] ALL ! PURE & PLA9 NEGATION ( ! RI<T TO PRIVATE PROP]LY1 WAS P]CEIV$ BY ! ,JACQUES1 :O ROSE UND] ,CAILLET'S LEAD]%IP 9 ! F\RTE5? C5TURY1 CRY+1 0,FIRE TO ! CA/LES602 BY ,?OMAS ,MU5TZ]'S ANABAPTI/S1 9 ! SIXTE5? C5TURY1 :O 9 !IR PROCLAMATION ( FAI? ADVOCAT$ 0,! P]FECT COMMUNITY ( PROP]TY1 R$EEM$ BY ! SPIRIT02.<#b#d.> BY ,BABEUF'S & ,BUON>ROTI'S EGALIT>IANS :O -- AFT] ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION HAD BE5 USURP$ ) IMPUNITY BY ! B\RGEOISIE1 0444 MA9LY BECAUSE IT HAD WANT$ TO IMPOSE ONE =M ( GOV]NM5T OV] ANO!R1 )\T C>+ AB\T ! CONDITIONS ( ?OSE = :OM ANY GOV]NM5T ?AT CONSID]S ITSELF LEGITIMATE IS SUPPOS$ TO LOOK AFT] & PROVIDE =0 -- PROCLAIM$ ?AT ! 0444 MA9 S\RCES ( ALL ! EVILS ?AT H>ASS MANK9D >E ! 9EQUALITY ( =TUNES & PRIVATE PROP]TY02.<#b#e.> & BY ! ,5GLI% ,LEVEL]S1 :O 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY MA9TA9$ ?AT 0,! L& [N]S >E ?IEVES & MURD]]S :O MU/ BE DE/ROY$ & PROCLAIM$ ?AT ALL L& IS ! COMMON PROP]TY ( MANK9D4.<#b#f.> 

,IT WAS ! TASK ( MOD]N SOCIALISM -- ! CLE> DIAGNOSIS & ! IMPLACABLE CRITICISM ( ,GODW9 & ,[51 ,SA9T-,SIMON & ,F\RI]1 ,PR\DHON1 ,M>X & ,BAKUN9.<#b#g.> -- TO PO9T \T ! HORRIBLE SYMPTOMS FROM :I* ALL K9DS ( MIS]IES & PA9S SPR+2 TO SE>* DEEPLY = !IR CAUSES2 TO ID5TIFY & DEF9E ! SOCIAL FUNCTION ( PROP]TY2 & TO DRAW FROM ?IS BOLD PREMISE ! UNBIAS$ CONCLUSION ?AT EV]Y?+ MU/ BELONG TO EV]YBODY & MU/ PRES5T ! HYPO!SIS ( A WORLD )\T GOD1 )\T K+1 )\T GOV]NM5T1 )\T MA/]S4 

,BUT ! T5D5CY TO BLUNT ! 9SOL5CE ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 7A T5D5CY ?AT IS NO?+ BUT ! LONG+ ( ?OSE :O PRODUCE TO BE FREE FROM CAPITALI/ OPPRESSION7 IS NOT EXT+UI%$ NOR ABAT$ BY ! ,/ATE & ! LAW AGREE+ TO & ACCEPT+ SOME SYMBOLIC CONCESSIONS ?AT SAY PROP]TY MU/ HAVE A SOCIAL FUNCTION4 

,9DE$1 9 ! SECOND HALF ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 FROM ?IS CONCESSION1 /RICTLY !ORETICAL & =MAL1 BEG9S A SL[ & REL5TLESS 9VE/IGATION ( ! 9/ITUTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 CONCLUD+ ) ITS UNAVOIDABLE CONDEMNATION4 ,PR\DHON IS ! MA9 UNREL5T+ 9VE/IGATOR1 &1 AL?\< HE HAS LAT] BE5 REPUDIAT$ BY HIS DISCIPLES 9 ALMO/ ALL ! BRAN*ES ( SOCIALISM1 ! PRO(S & ! ELEM5TS ( GUILT COLLECT$ BY HIM1 >ISE MOCK+LY EV]Y TIME ! CRITICISM ( PRIVATE PROP]TY RESUMES ITS DE/RUCTIVE TASK4.<#b#h.> ,FROM ,PR\DHON'S TRAGIC CONCLUSIONS1 ! IDEAL & ! MOVEM5T ( SOCIALISM W]E BORN TO PRES5T A NEW CONCEPT & TO BR+ TO ! S]IES ( PH5OM5A ?AT M>K ! PROGRESSIVE EVOLUTION FROM SLAV]Y TO FRE$OM 9 ! FIELD ( ECONOMY A NEW *>ACT]I/IC ?AT DID NOT EXI/ 9 ! PREC$+ PHASE & ?AT WILL BE ! G]M ( A NEW EVOLUTION>Y P]IOD 9 ! FOLL[+ PHASES4 

,! ,SOCIALI/ !ORY REA*$ ! CONCLUSION ?AT 0,BE+ ITSELF ! RESULT ( ! M9D & 5]GY ( M5 & WOM5 FROM ALL TIMES & ALL NATIONS1 CAPITAL1 A PROP]TY :I* R5EWS ITSELF P]PETUALLY ONLY BY VIRTUE ( ?IS UNIV]SAL ACTIVITY1 CANNOT BE A S\RCE ( P]SONAL P[] BUT %\LD BE A SOCIAL =CE ?AT !RE=E MU/ LOSE ITS CLASS *>ACT] & BECOME ! SOCIAL PROP]TY ( EV]Y HUMAN BE+40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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