,*APT] #e 
,AN>*I/-,COMMUNISM & ,9DIVIDUALISM 

#aibeaibe 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI 

,TEXT 3 

,?IS CONCLUSION IS SO F> FROM BE+ RA% ?AT IT IS %>$1 MORE OR LESS S9C]ELY1 BY EV5 ! MO/ QUALIFI$ EXPON5TS ( SOCIALI/-COLLECTIVISM4 ,9 ADDITION TO ,MORG>I1 :O1 AS WE HAVE SE51 ADMITS ?AT SOCIALI/-COLLECTIVISM REPRES5TS A L[] /AGE 9 SOCIAL EVOLUTION ?AN AN>*I/-COMMUNISM1 !RE IS NO O!R APO/LE ( SOCIALISM :O1 :5 PRESS$1 W\LD NOT BE WILL+ TO CALL HIMSELF A COMMUNI/.<#c#g.>1 EV5 IF1 9 SO DO+1 HE =GETS ?AT EV]Y PREMISE IMPLIES A D$UCTION & ?AT ONLY AN>*ISM CAN CORRESPOND TO ! ECONOMIC PREMISE ( COMMUNISM4 

,NO1 IF WE PAY ATT5TION TO ! TEXT ( ! ,M]L9O 9T]VIEW1 &1 IF WE REMEMB] HIS REPEAT$ CRITICISMS ( COLLECTIVISM1 & REMEMB] ! CORDIAL ANTIPA?Y HE HAS P]SI/5TLY EXPRESS$ = ! PROGRAM & ACTION ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 WE W\LD HAVE TO CONCLUDE ?AT HE TOO W\LD AGREE ) \R !ORETICAL D$UCTIONS4 ,9 FACT1 HE BASES HIS JUDGM5TS & FUN]EAL PROPHECIES MORE UPON ! \TW>D MANIFE/ATIONS ( AN>*ISM 'AS A MOVEM5T'1 RA!R ?AN ON ! ESS5TIAL SUB/ANCE ( AN>*I/ DOCTR9E4 

,WE ?9K ?IS IRREM$IABLY UND]M9ES HIS [N !SIS4 

,= ,M]L9O TO BE RI<T1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO CONCLUDE ?AT ! DOCTR9E :I* HAS ! GREAT] CONT5T ( LOGIC1 ( TRU?1 ( PROGRESS1 ( FUTURE1 IS FAT$ TO P]I% IGNOM9I\SLY FROM />VATION1 :ILE ! O!R1 ) ! FLORID COMPLEXION ( A SUDD5 -- TOO SUDD5 -- GR[? 7P>S MAJOR SAEPE PEJOR .<! GREAT] P>T IS (T5 ! WOR/ P>T.>1 AS OLD ,S5ECA US$ TO SAY71 ! ONE CUDDL+ ! WORMS ( ! MO/ PUTRID CONV5TIONALISMS & ! MO/ ABSURD CONTRADICTIONS1 IS FAT$ TO SURVIVE4 

,& ,M]L9O1 :O IS AN 9TELLIG5T MAN1 KN[S ?AT ?IS HYPO!SIS IS WORSE ?AN NONS5SE3 IT IS A D[NRI<T AB]RATION4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,ONE1 AMONG O!RS1 ( ,M]L9O'S >GUM5TS DES]VES SPECIAL CONSID]ATION3 0 ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T IS DIVID$ BY ! 9T]NAL /RUGGLE BETWE5 9DIVIDUALI/S & ORGANIZATIONALI/S4 ,! LATT] CANNOT F9D AN ORGANIZATION COMPATIBLE ) AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES2 ! =M]1 AFT] ! IDEA ( REPRISAL1 :I* HAD BE5 ! S\L ( AN>*I/ ACTION1 CEAS$ TO EXI/1 CANNOT F9D A MANN] ( ACT+1 & CANNOT EXI/ )\T ! ORGANIZATION !Y /RIVE TO REJECT0 4 

,?IS /ATEM5T BY ,M]L9O CONTA9S SOME?+ D[NRI<T ABSURD3 IT IS ?AT ! S\L ( AN>*I/ ACTION WAS ! NOTION ( REPRISAL & ?AT ?IS HAS CEAS$ TO EXI/4 

,! S\L ( AN>*I/ ACTION 7& NO ONE HAS UND]/OOD ?IS BETT] ?AN ,M]L9O 9 ! GOOD OLD TIMES1 :5 HE BELIEV$ 9 AN>*Y & AN>*ISM & WAS PR\D TO SUFF] P]SECUTION = HIS FAI? & ) US ?R\<\T ! JAILS ( ,EUROPE7 IS NOT REPRISAL1 :I* IS A M]E EPISODE & :OSE CAUSES >E F> FROM HAV+ CEAS$ TO EXI/4 ,! S\L ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T IS ! >D5T DESIRE = A SOCIETY ( FREE & EQUAL PEOPLE1 :I* ! AN>*I/S KN[ CANNOT BE ATTA9$ )\T ! 9EVITABLY VIOL5T DE/RUCTION ( ! EXI/+ ORD] ( ?+S1 )\T ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION :I*1 9 SPITE ( !IR LIMIT$ =CES1 !Y FO/] BY !IR CRITICISM ( ! 9IQUIT\S EXI/+ SOCIAL ORD] & BY !IR WORK 9 $UCAT+ ! MASSES TO A CLE> COMPREH5SION ( ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL ORGANISMS RESPONSIBLE = !IR BONDAGE4 ,9 SUPPORT+ ! MASSES AGA9/ ! ABUSES ( CAPITALISM & ,/ATE AS WELL AS AGA9/ ! SUP]/ITIONS & PREJUDICES 9 :I* ! TYRANNY ( ! B\RGEOISIE F9DS ITS MO/ P[]FUL /RON<OLD1 !Y >E PREP>+ !M = ! REVOLUTION :I* IS ! 9DISP5SABLE WAY TO ! F9AL R$EMPTION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,!RE >E1 ALONG ) !SE PREVI\SLY M5TION$ ABSURDITIES1 SOME %ALL[ TRU?S 9 ,M]L9O'S /ATEM5T2 AMONG !M1 ! DISAGREEM5T BETWE5 AN>*I/S1 SO-CALL$ '9DIVIDUALI/' AN>*I/S1 & ! PRESUM$ 'ORGANIZATIONAL' AN>*I/S4 ,BUT DOES ?IS DISAGREEM5T HAVE A REALLY IMPORTANT BASIS1 OR IS IT ONLY ! RESULT ( 9COMPREH5SION & EQUIVOCATION1 CAUS$ MORE (T5 BY 9ACTION & 9DOL5CE ?AN BY BAD FAI?1 & :I* H>D EXP]I5CE IS B\ND TO DISPEL8 

,:AT IS AN>*ISM BY DEF9ITION8 

,IT IS ! /RUGGLE = A CONDITION ( SOCIETY :]E ! ONLY L9K AMONG 9DIVIDUALS IS SOLID>ITY1 BASICALLY ! SOLID>ITY ( MAT]IAL & MORAL 9T]E/S1 :I* LEADS TO ! ELIM9ATION ( ! VICI\S DAILY COMPETITIONS BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS & AMONG PEOPLES4 7,A V]Y SAD ]A1 & ONE ?AT1 EXCEPT DUR+ P]IODS ( FAM9E OR ( LOVE1 ! SO-CALL$ 9F]IOR ANIMALS HAVE SURPASS$ A LONG TIME AGO1 TO \R %AME47 ,& IT CALLS UPON !M TO UNITE = A GREAT] & MORE NOBLE /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ADV]SE =CES ( NATURE 9 ORD] TO REALIZE SUP]IOR1 MORE COMPLETE & MORE SECURE =MS ( SOCIAL LIFE4 

,! CONDITION & *>ACT] ( SOLID>ITY >E SPONTANEITY & FRE$OM4 ,BUT :]EAS ! B\RGEOIS REGIME IS ! DOM9ATION ( A MAJORITY OV] ! M9ORITY1 WE ASPIRE TO REALIZE ! AUTONOMY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL )9 ! FRE$OM ( ASSOCIATION1 ! 9DEP5D5CE ( HIS ?\<T1 ( HIS LIFE1 ( HIS DEVELOPM5T1 ( HIS DE/9Y1 FRE$OM FROM VIOL5CE1 FROM CAPRICE & FROM ! DOM9ATION ( ! MAJORITY1 AS WELL AS ( V>I\S M9ORITIES2 & :5 WE REF] TO LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM1 A T]M :I* \R DESC5DANTS WILL TAKE C>E TO AM5D1 WE >E TRY+ TO F9D AN ECONOMIC UBI CONSI/AM .<:]E %\LD ,I /&.> 9 :I* ?IS POLITICAL AUTONOMY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL MAY F9D AN 5LI<T5$ & HAPPY REALITY4 

,IT SELDOM HAPP5S ?AT \R COMRADES /OP TO CONSID] ?IS DUAL ASPECT1 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL1 ( EV]Y 9/ITUTION 9 ALL ! ]AS ( HI/ORY4  
  

"9 "9 "9 

,IS PROP]TY UN/ABLE1 W&]+1 =TUIT\S -- LIKE CROPS & H]DS1 EXPOS$ TO ALL K9DS ( DANG]S8 ,!N IT CAN BE PROTECT$ ONLY BY GOD -- ! GOD :O ?UND]S 9 ! /ORM & %9ES 9 ! SUN & GLITT]S 9 ! />S1 :I* >E ! COMPASS ( ! TRIBES MIGRAT+ 9TO ! UNKN[N4 ,ONLY GOD COMM&S1 OR 9 HIS NAME1 ! HI< PRIE/1 ! PROPHET1 ! WIZ>D2 ?AT IS1 HI]ATIC DESPOTISM4 

,DOES PROP]TY PRES5T ITSELF AS OMNIPOT5T4 LEGALI/IC1 EXACT+1 SANCTUM JUS .<! LETT] ( ! LAW.> EV5 IF SUMMA 9JURIA .<! GREATE/ 9JU/ICE.>8 ,!N ! POLITICAL ADVOCATES ( ?IS ECONOMIC REGIME WILL REQUIRE H>% LAWS1 G5]AL DEP5D5CE UPON A S+LE SUPREME P[]1 :I* WILL LONG = EXPANSION & COLONIES1 :I* WILL LIVE = W>1 & WILL BE =C$ TO C>RY IT TO ! LA/ CORN]S ( ! WORLD3 ?IS WILL BE EMPIRE1 OR BETT]4 ,ROMAN IMP]IALISM1 >ROGANT1 VORACI\S1 9SATIABLE4 

,IS IT >I/OCRATIC8 ,!N ! ECONOMY1 ! :OLE ECONOMY ( ! MIDDLE AGES WILL FL[ 9TO ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( FEUDALISM & S]FDOM ) ! 9EVITABLE S]VITUDE ( ! MASSSES4 

,WILL PROP]TY FREE ITSELF FROM ! ?ICK NET ( BONDAGE1 TRIBUTES1 B>RI]S1 FRONTI]S1 ) NO O!R LIMIT BUT ! COMPETITION ( O!R ECONOMIC =CES1 EQUALLY UN*ECK$8 ,!N1 ! CORRESPOND+ POLITICAL REGIME CAN ONLY BE ! MOD]N ,/ATE1 ! CON/ITUTIONAL & REPRES5TATIVE REGIME :]E1 ) GOD'S GRACE CONF9$ TO ! ATTIC & ! NATION'S WILL UND] ITS FEET1 ! B\RGEOISIE1 EMP[]$ BY ITS SOLE [N]%IP ( ! NATIONAL WEAL?1 WILL SEIZE ! RE9S ( ! ,/ATE1 MAKE & 5=CE ALL ! LAWS BY EV]Y MEANS4 

,WILL ! COMMON [N]%IP ( ALL ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE BE ! ECONOMIC SUB/RATUM ( ! SOCIAL LIFE ( ! FUTURE8 

,HAV+ REALIZ$1 ?R\< ! FUNDAM5TAL SOLID>ITY ( 9T]E/S1 ! SUSP5SION ( ! RIVALRIES :I* HAVE TORN MANK9D ASUND] = C5TURIES1 ! FIR/ EXP]IM5T ( A SOCIETY UND]/OOD TO MEAN A UNION ( 9DIVIDUALS UNIT$ BY ! SAME 9T]E/S = ! SAME PURPOSE'7 WILL SET AS ITS CORRESPOND+ GOAL1 ! FIR/ OPPORTUNITY TO REALIZE A SOCIAL ORD]1 ONE ?AT HAS BE5 LOOK$ = 9 VA9 UP TO ?IS DAY BY ! WISDOM ( LEGISLATORS1 ! %REWDNESS ( LAWS1 OR ! VIOL5CE ( ! POLICE -- 9 SUM ! USELESSNESS ( ! ,/ATE ) ITS CO]CIVE & MON/R\S HI]>*IES4 ,& !N WE %ALL HAVE AN>*Y4 

,BETWE5 COMMUNISM 7( C\RSE1 UND]/OOD1 NOT AS ANO!R ASPECT ( ! ,/ATE1 COMPELL$ TO REPRODUCE 9 ITSELF ALL ! 9IQUITIES ( ! PREC$+ GOV]NM5TS1 BUT AS A FREE1 UNIT$ COOP]ATION ( ALL PEOPLE = PRODUCTION7 & 9DIVIDUALISM 79 ! S5SE ?AT NO 9/ITUTIONAL AU?ORITY1 NEI!R ?AT ( ! MAJORITY NOR ( A M9ORITY1 CAN 9T]F]E ) ! DEVELOPM5T & FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL OR 9 ANY WAY DIM9I% HIS AUTONOMY7 !RE IS NO CONTRADICTION1 NO 9COMPATIBILITY4 ,COMMUNISM IS SIMPLY !2F\NDATION BY :I* ! 9DIVIDUAL HAS ! OPPORTUNITY TO REGULATE HIMSELF & C>RY \T HIS FUNCTIONS4 

,!Y >E TWO T]MS :I* COMPLEM5T EA* O!R4 

,EV]Y AN>*I/ :O IS FAI?FUL TO HIS D5IAL ( ANY PRIVILEGE1 ESPECIALLY ( ! MO/ FUNDAM5TAL & NEF>I\S ( ALL PRIVILEGES1 ?AT ( ! PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE1 & :O1 = ?IS REASON1 ASPIRES TO REALIZE AN ECONOMIC REGIME :]E L&1 M9ES1 FACTORIES & EV]Y O!R ,LABOR OR EX*ANGE TOOL1 ALL MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 WILL BE 9DIVISIBLE COMMON PROP]TY1 IS1 9 HIS ECONOMIC ASPIRATIONS1 A COMMUNI/4 ,LIKEWISE1 IF HE IS FAI?FUL TO HIS D5IAL ( AU?ORITY & SUPPORTS A REGIME :I* WILL REALIZE ! COMPLETE 9DEP5D5CE & AUTONOMY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL FROM ANY ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & MORAL BOSS1 HE IS 9EVITABLY AN 9DIVIDUALI/4 

,ANTI!SIS8 ,NO1 9TEGRATION4 

,AN>*Y IS NOT A METAPHYSIC AB/RACTION4 ,! AN>*I/ IDEA DID NOT SPR+ ALIVE1 COMPLETE1 P]FECT FROM ! M9DS ( ,BABEUF1 ,PR\DHON1 OR ,BAKUN91 ! WAY ,M9]VA1 ACCORD+ TO ! MY?1 IS SAID TO HAVE SPRUNG FROM ,JOVE'S BRA94 ,IT HAS BUDD$1 GR[N1 RIP5$1 SL[LY & PA9FULLY BY ! EXP]I5CE ( C5TURIES1 DUR+ :I* ! COMMON PEOPLE HAVE BES\<T FROM TIME TO TIME1 GOD1 ! ,/ATE1 ! LAW1 OR UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE TO GIVE !M A GOOD MA/]1 A GOOD JUDGE1 A LITTLE PIECE ( BREAD1 A LITTLE COMPASSION1 A LITTLE RE/1 A LITTLE LI<T & LOVE -- ALWAYS 9 VA94 

,AS !IR TRU/ 9 GODS & DEMIGODS WAS FAD+1 UND] CONT9UAL MOCK+ & REPULSIONS1 9TO ! TWILI<T ( DIS5*ANTM5T & DEFEAT2 AS !IR /R5G? WAS REVEAL+ ITSELF 9 !IR H]OIC & GLORIES1 BUT UN=TUNATE /RUGGLES1 & AS !Y W]E GA9+ SOLID>ITY -- 9/9CTIVE AT FIR/1 !N ?R\< SACRIFICES & DISA/] -- ! COMMON PEOPLE CAME TO UND]/& ?AT ! FAI? !Y HAD SP5T 9 VA9 ON ! ?RE%OLD ( TEMPLES1 ?RONES1 P>LIAM5TS & MA/]S WAS TO BE REVIV$ 9 !IR [N RI<T & 9 !IR [N /R5G?4 ,!Y BEGAN TO BELIEVE 9 !MSELVES & C\LD SEE !MSELVES FRE$ FROM !IR *A9S4 

,!Y ALONE KNEW H[ TO CREATE WEAL?2 & !Y ALONE1 ) ! 9EXHAU/IBLE F]TILITY ( !IR LABOR & SWEAT1 W]E SEEK+1 PROTECT+1 SUPPORT+ LIFE444 = ! O!RS1 = ?OSE :O1 CONCEIT$ AS !Y W]E USELESS1 W]E DEGRAD+ IT 9 IDL5ESS & ORGY4 

,S9CE ! SOCIAL WEAL? WAS GR[+ & 9CREAS+ ONLY BECAUSE ( & 9 PROPORTION TO ?IS PATI5T1 C\RAGE\S & NECESS>Y HUMAN EF=T2 ! IDLE1 ! 9DOL5T & ! POLTROONS1 MANY & SUP]FLU\S1 HAD NO RI<T TO ?AT WEAL?4 ,?US ! PROP]TI$ CLASS CAME TO BE CONSID]$ BY ! COMMON PEOPLE1 OR AT LEA/ BY ! PEOPLES VANGU>D1 NOT ONLY AS 9IQUIT\S & %AMEFUL1 BUT ALSO AS A MON/R\SLY P>ASITIC1 HATEFUL & EXP5SIVE CLASS1 FROM :I* IT WAS URG5T TO BE FRE$4 

,?IS JUDGM5T WAS TAK+ =M E>LY1 EV5 :ILE ! B\RGEOISIE WAS /ILL UNSURE ON ITS NEWLY-CONQU]$ ?RONE & NE$$ ! COMMON PEOPLE 9 ORD] TO DEFEAT ! >I/OCRACY'S REPEAT$ ATTEMPTS TO REGA9 ITS LO/ P[]4 ,IT WAS READY TO PAY = ?AT ALLIANCE BY ACKN[L$G+ ! RI<T & ! COMPET5CE ( ! PEOPLE TO SELECT !IR [N RUL]S1 EV5 FROM ?OSE \TSIDE ! DUBI\S SANCTIONS ( DIV9E RI<T4 

,BUT :OEV] HAS ! POLITICAL COMPET5CE TO *OOSE HIS [N RUL]S IS1 BY IMPLICATION1 ALSO COMPET5T TO DO )\T !M1 ESPECIALLY :5 ! CAUSES ( ECONOMIC 5MITY >E UPROOT$4 ,LIKEWISE ! BITT]NESS1 HATR$1 DISCORD & DISORD] ?AT BRAN* \T FROM ?AT FATAL TRUNK MU/ YIELD BE=E ! EV] MORE CONSCI\S & WIDESPREAD SOLID>ITY ?AT R5D]S ! ROLE ( ! /ATE & ITS HI]>*IES TOTALLY SUP]FLU\S1 & CONF]S ON EV]YBODY ! FULL CONSCI\SNESS & ! 9CONTE/ABLE RI<T ( SELF-RULE4 

,?US1 9 ! M9D ( ! PROLET>IAN VANGU>D1 ! REJECTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY BECAME 5ME%$ ) & COMPLET$ BY ! REJECTION ( AU?ORITY 9 ALL ITS V>I$ & UN=TUNATE =MS4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! FIR/ LIB]T>IAN ASPIRATION BAS$ ON EXP]I5CE & CRITICAL ?\<T WAS ASS]T$ AS A DOCTR9E :I* =ESAW LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM AS ! 9DISP5SABLE CONDITION = ! DEVELOPM5T & SECURITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL'S AUTONOMY 9 A FREE SOCIETY4 0 ,ISN'T IT SO80 ,IF IT W]E SO1 !RE W\LD BE NO DISAGREEM5T4 ,BUT 9 ! REAL WORLD ! 9T]PRETATIONS ( COMMUNISM AS WELL AS ( 9DIVIDUALISM1 >E QUITE DIFF]5T & >BITR>Y1 V>Y+ )\T 5D1 A CONFUSION6 0 ,CL>IFICATION IS NE$$1 & !N AGREEM5T WILL F9D ITS GU>ANTEES1 ITS S\RCES1 & ITS BASIS 9 AN HONE/ & MUTUAL COMPREH5SION4 ,%ALL WE TRY80 

,LET US BEG9 BY MAK+ AN UNCONTE/$ PO9T3 AN>*Y IS ! ANTI!SIS ( AU?ORITY4 ,AMONG AN>*I/S1 AT LEA/1 !RE IS NO POSSIBILITY ( DISAGREEM5T ON ?IS PO9T4 

,& N[1 LET US ASK \RSELVES IF COMMUNI/S1 ON ! ONE H&1 & 9DIVIDUALI/S1 ON ! O!R1 CAN DEVIATE FROM ?IS FUNDAM5TAL DEF9ITION TO ! PO9T ( =GETT+ IT1 PLAC+ !MSELVES AGA9/ ?IS FIR/ T5ET1 AGA9/ !IR [N CONSCI5CE1 AGA9/ ALL ! POSITIONS IT IMPLIES1 & F9ALLY AGA9/ !MSELVES4 

,9 ! FIELD ( ECONOMICS1 9DIVIDUALI/S >E 9CONCEIVABLE4 

,WE MU/ BE> 9 M9D ?AT WORK IS AN UNAVOIDABLE NECESSITY1 BECAUSE NATURE DOES NOT YIELD ! ABUNDANCE ( ITS PRODUCTS )\T ! /RONG & PRODUCTIVE GRIP ( LABOR4 ,& S9CE IT IS NECESS>Y TO WORK 9 ORD] TO LIVE1 & ! ACT ( LIV+ PHYSICALLY IS ! 9DISP5SABLE CONDITION = ATTA9+ ! HI<] LIFE ( KN[L$GE1 BEAUTY1 H>MONY2 WORK MU/ BE P]=M$ ) ALL POSSIBLE ECONOMY1 )\T PA91 )\T /RA91 )\T ! HUMILIATIONS & DEGRADATION :I* >E N[ ITS SAD FATE & PALTRY WAGE4 

,IF ! %E] CRAV+ = SPECULATION1 L>GE 9T]E/ RATES1 FA/ & FABUL\S PR(IT1 HAS PROMPT$ ! B\RGEOISIE TO ADOPT ME*ANICAL MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 SUB/ITUT+1 :]EV] IT WAS POSSIBLE1 ! /EEL-LUNG$ MA*9E OP]AT+ AT A RHY?MIC TIRELESS PACE1 = ! FRAIL >MS ( MAN2 IT IS C]TA9LY BELIEVABLE ?AT :5 PRODUCTION -- 9/EAD ( BE+ AT ! M]CY ( A BUN* ( 5TR5*$ PIRATES1 :O HAVE SUNK !IR F]OCI\S CLAWS 9TO ! L&1 ITS CROPS & H]DS1 ITS M9ES & TREASURES1 ITS FACTORIES1 RAILROADS & %IPS -- IS /E]$ ) MORE CONC]N & EAG]NESS BY ALL ! WORK]S1 >IS5 FROM VILE S]VITUDE TO ! FULL CONSCI\SNESS ( !IR WOR? & DE/9Y1 DISCOV]IES1 9V5TIONS1 NEW ECONOMY ( PHYSICAL 5]GY 9 PRODUCTION WILL BE GA9$1 & MORE ( ! DAY WILL BE LEFT = SCI5TIFIC1 TE*NICAL1 LIT]>Y1 OR ES!TIC CULTURE4 

,IS IT CONCEIVABLE ?AT :]E IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBTA9 MAXIMUM SATISFACTION ) M9IMUM EF=T1 SOME ECC5TRIC WILL P]SI/ 9 *OOS+ TO LIVE \TSIDE ( SOCIETY &1 T]RIFI$ BY ! FE> ( SOCIAL CONTACT & ! TYRANNY ( REGIM5TATION1 HE WILL WANT TO DO EV]Y?+ BY HIMSELF1 ONLY = HIMSELF3 H\SE1 CLO!S1 LIBR>Y1 COOK+8 ,& UND] ! ILLUSION ( LIV+ 9DIVIDUALI/ICALLY1 HE WILL SACRIFICE ! TW5TY-F\R H\RS ( EA* DAY 7:I* W\LD NOT BE 5\<7 = ! SATISFACTION ( ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y NE$S1 )\T TAK+ A M9UTE = RECREATION1 RE/ OR RESPITE8 

,!RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ECC5TRICS1 & MO/ PROBABLY !Y WILL ALSO EXI/ 9 AN AN>*I/ REGIME444 BUT SU* A SOCIETY WILL HAVE NO REASON = APPREH5SION1 S9CE IT WILL BE ABLE TO PROVIDE ODD & ECC5TRIC P]SONS1 :O >E G5]ALLY 9TELLIG5T1 A PLACE TO LIVE 9 & A WORK SPACE ) ALL ! 9/RUM5TS & TOOLS = /UDY1 OBS]VATION1 RESE>* & WORK !Y MI<T WANT TO P]=M 9 !IR DISDA9FUL & MISAN?ROPIC SOLITUDE4 

,BUT ?IS IS NOT AN ISSUE 9VOLV+ ECONOMIC 9DIVIDUALISM2 A LIMB1 A MEMB] CANNOT1 EXCEPT UND] PA9 ( IMM$IATE DEA?1 BE CUT (F FROM ! MA9 ORGANISM4 

,! ONLY ECONOMIC 9DIVIDUALISM WE KN[ IS ! ONE ]ECT$ UPON ! PRIVATE [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE2 IE1 ! B\RGEOIS REGIME1 ) :I* WE >E N[ SO BLESS$ & FROM :I* WE >E TRY+ TO F9D REFUGE & SAFETY 9 COMMUNISM & AN>*Y1 BY MEANS ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,9 !ORY ,I DO NOT F9D ANY O!R 9DIVIDUALI/ T5D5CY444 

0,BRAVO6 ,& :AT AB\T ?OSE :O PROCLAIM ! 9EVITABILITY ( P[]8 ,& ?OSE :O YELL ?AT TOMORR[1 IF URG$ BY NE$1 !Y W\LD1 )\T A MOM5T'S HESITATION1 SNAT* FROM A MO!R'S H& ! LA/ BITE ( BREAD MEANT = H] HUNGRY *ILD80 

,SOME ( !SE ,I HAVE HE>D ALSO1 BUT ,I AM SORRY TO HAVE TO ADMIT ?AT ,I WAS NOT IMPRESS$ AT ALL4 

,I KN[1 & Y\ KN[ AS WELL1 ?AT :ATEV] WE DO1 H[EV] MU* WE TRY TO %>P5 \R 9SI<T & \R WISDOM 9 ORD] TO REA* ! NEW SOCIETY -- R$EEM$ FROM ! MA/] & EXPLOITATION1 FROM ! /ATE & OPPRESSION1 FROM SUP]/ITION & HUMILIATION -- & WANT TO BE WOR?Y ( IT1 WE SUCCE$ ONLY TO A V]Y SMALL DEGREE4 ,WE >E ! (F%OOTS ( ! B\RGEOIS TRUNK1 & WE C>RY ITS VICI\S & MALIGNANT /IGMA4 ,AT BE/1 WE C>RY 9SIDE US ONLY ! 9T5TION1 ! AIM TO BE BETT]1 TO WI% ?AT ?OSE :O SURR\ND US1 SUFF]+1 UNHAPPY1 WILD1 OR WICK$1 %\LD BE BETT] (F4 

,BUT1 TO !SE PEOPLE1 :OM WE LOVE & TO :OM WE W\LD LIKE TO GIVE \R MO/ S]I\S & ASSUR+ TRU/1 WE CAN (F] ONLY A MAGNIFIC5T PR(ILE ( ! FREE SOCIETY1 DRAWN FROM HOPE1 IMAG9ATION1 & SOME POSITIVE LOGICAL D$UCTION1 RA!R ?AN A C]TA9 MA!MATICAL REALITY4 ,BESIDES1 WE C\LD NOT PRODUCE A MORE ACCURATE & COMPLETE >*ITECTURE )\T BE+ >BITR>Y & RIDICUL\S4 ,! MO/ IDEAL CON/RUCTION MI<T APPE> %ABBY OR EV5 GROTESQUE TO \R DESC5DANTS1 :O W\LD HAVE TO LIVE 9 IT -- & :O WILL BE ABLE TO BUILD !IR [N H\SES1 SUITABLE TO !IR [N NE$S1 ACCORD+ TO !IR [N TA/E1 WOR?Y ( ! MORE ADVANC$ & SUP]IOR CIVILIZATION 9 :I* !Y WILL LIVE4 

,\R TASK IS MORE MODE/ & EV5 MORE P]EMPTORY4 ,WE MU/ LEAVE !M A CLE> GR\ND1 )\T ! GLOOMY RU9S1 ! FIL?Y JAILS1 ! GRE$Y PRIVILEGES1 ! PR$ATORY MONOPOLIES1 ! EUNU* FE>S1 & ! POISON$ PREJUDICES AMONG :I* WE ROAM LIKE %AD[S 9 PA94 ,WE MU/ LEAVE !M AN E>? CLE> ( *UR*ES1 B>RACKS1 TRIBUNALS1 BRO!LS &1 ABOVE ALL1 CLE> ( IGNORANCE & FE>1 :I* PRES]VE !SE E/ABLI%M5TS MU* MORE FAI?FULLY ?AN ! SANCTIONS ( LAWS & POLICE =CES 

,WE CAN LOOK AT ! FUTURE ONLY ?R\< ! PRISM ( ! PRES5T1 & \R VISION IS OBSCUR$ BY ! MUDDY REALITY ?AT SURR\NDS US4 ,SO1 IS IT SURPRIS+ ?AT ANY ONE ( ! POOR WRET*ES :O HAVE KN[N FOODLESS DAYS1 SLEEPLESS NI<TS & ! BITT]NESS ( EV]-9CREAS+ UNSATISFI$ DESIRES1 %\LD SUPPOSE ?AT EV5 9 AN>*Y ! SAME HUNG] MAY EXI/ ?AT TURNS ! CITIZ5 ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY 9TO A SAVAGE TROGLODYTE1 A BL9D PUPPET ( HIS BE/IAL 9/9CTS8 ,BUT1 IF TOMORR[ PEOPLE %\LD /ILL SLAU<T] ONE ANO!R = A CRU/ ( BREAD1 ?IS ONE S+LE TRU?1 H[EV] SAD1 W\LD HAVE TO BE ADMITT$3 ?AT NOT ONLY HAVE WE FAIL$ TO MAKE ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 BUT WE HAVE ALSO TURN$ MANY C5TURIES BACKW>D4 ,& !N C]TA9 SURVIVALS C\LD BE EXPLA9$4 

,H[EV] MY EXP]I5CE -- & P]HAPS EV5 BETT] = Y\1 Y\R [N EXP]I5CE -- TELLS ME ?AT C]TA9 BIG WORDS1 UTT]$ P\R EPAT] LE B\RGEOIS1 TO /UN ! CLUMSY CR[D1 >E G5]ALLY CONTRADICT$ BY ! :OLE ACTIVITY ( !SE 9NOCU\S MATAMOROS1.<#c#h.> :O KN[1 P]HAPS MORE PR(\NDLY ?AN ANYBODY ELSE1 ! SATISFACTION ( HAV+ RE/OR$ ! SMILE ON ! LIPS ( !IR SUFF]+ NEI<BOR1 BY (F]+ HIM !IR [N PIECE ( BREAD4 

,IT IS SELDOM1 9 FACT1 ?AT ! WEAL?Y GIVE MORE ?AN CRUMBS1 :ILE ! *RONICLES ( POV]TY HAVE NEV] TOLD ( A /RONG HEAL?Y BUT POOR MAN :O HAS SNAT*$ A CRU/ ( BREAD FROM A *ILD4 ,G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 ! POOR :O HAVE ONLY RAGS & TORM5TS1 :O KN[ ONLY HUNG] & PA91 GIVE !IR P5NY )\T REGRET = ANY WOR?Y CAUSE & >E 9CL9$ TO B5D M]CIFULLY & DELICATELY OV] ANY ANGUI% OR W\ND4 

,ONLY ! POOR GIVE 9 SU* A MANN] -- BY IMPULSE1 ) G5]OSITY & G5TLE K9DNESS4 ,AT LEA/1 ,I HAVE SE5 !M ?IS WAY DUR+ MY :OLE LIFE1 ALWAYS4 ,ALL ! RE/ IS SOPHI/RY -- ORIG9AL1 WITTY1 /UNN+ AT TIMES -- BUT %E] SOPHI/RY4 

,NO LESS SOPHI/ICAL IS ! T5D5CY ( ?OSE :O1 UND] ! COM=TABLE CLOAK ( AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALISM1 W\LD WELCOME ! IDEA ( DOM9ATION4 ,!Y /RET* ,RABELAIS'S APHORISM3 FAIS CE QUE VEUX6 BEYOND ITS REASONABLE MEAN+1 & !Y IGNORE ?AT HE DID NOT SUGGE/ HIS M]RY1 0 ,DO :AT Y\ WI%0 TO A FEW RI* PEOPLE OR LOAF]S1 BUT TO EV]YBODY1 ) NO EXCEPTIONS4.<#c#i.> ,HE WAS C]TA9 ?AT NO?+ BUT COOP]ATION & H>MONY CAN RESULT FROM ! FREE PLAY ( 9ITIATIVES1 ATTITUDES & MULTI=M 5]GIES 7LIKE ! NATURAL COHESION ( ! CELLS ( AN ORGANISM1 VIGOR\SLY C>RY+ \T !IR UNCEAS+ FUNCTION ( N\RI%+ & R5EW+ TISSUES & ORGANS4 ,?US1 !Y KEEP ! TOR* ( LIFE IGNIT$1 ) NO 9C5TIVE O!R ?AN !IR *EMI/RY74 ,BUT ! H]ALDS ( DOM9ATION PRESUME TO PRACTICE 9DIVIDUALISM 9 ! NAME ( !IR EGO1 OV] ! OB$I5T1 RESIGN$1 OR 9]T EGO ( O!RS4.<#d.> 

,& AGA9/ SU* PRET5SE -- :I* MI<T 5C\NT] MORE ?AN ONE OB/ACLE AT ! TIME ( ITS PRACTICE -- WE W\LD HAVE NO?+ TO OPPOSE1 IF IT DID NOT CLAIM FROM AN>*Y ITS RI<T1 ITS 9VE/ITURE1 ITS JU/IFICATION4 

,NO6 ,9 AN>*Y ONLY ONE DOM9ATION IS JU/IFIABLE1 LEGITIMATE & DESIRABLE1 & IT IS ! DOM9ATION EA* ONE EX]TS ON HIMSELF4 ,TO EXCE$ ?IS IS AU?ORITY1 COMM&1 DESPOTISM &1 AS AN>*Y IS BY DEF9ITION ABS5CE ( AU?ORITY1 ANYONE :O CALLS = OR SU/A9S DOM9ATION1 ?AT IS AU?ORITY1 PLACES HIMSELF1 BY HIS [N ACTION1 AGA9/ & \TSIDE AN>*Y1 )\T ! BO!R ( EXCOMMUNICATION OR ANA!MA BY C\NCILS OR POPES4 

,WE DO NOT EXCOMMUNICATE ANYBODY4 ,WE ACKN[L$GE ANYBODY'S RI<T TO SEEK P[] IF HE HAS A TA/E = IT1 TO OBTA9 IT IF HE CAN1 & TO WIELD IT IF !RE >E EUNU*S :O SUBMIT TO IT4 ,WE ONLY F9D ! DISGUISE UNFAIR & GROTESQUE4 ,BUT :AT PLEASURE CAN !RE BE 9 MASK+ SU* DESIRE -- A DEV\T1 P]HAPS P]PETUAL DESIRE = P[] & AU?ORITY -- AS AN>*ISM8 

,ALAS6 ,FUNDAM5TALLY !RE IS ALWAYS ! S\L ( ! SLAVE :O DESPAIRS ( EMANCIPATION1 :O C>RIES 9 HIS MEMORY &1 EV5 MORE1 9 HIS SC>S1 ! EXP]I5CE ( HIS SUFF]+1 A TRAG$Y 9 :I* HE SEES ONLY TWO *>ACT]S -- HIMSELF1 *A9$ TO ! MILL5>IAN COLUMN ( S]FDOM1 &1 9 FRONT ( HIM1 HIS MA/]1 DULL1 H]CULEAN1 BE/IAL1 SC\RG+ & *OK+ HIM4 

,:5 WE M5TION TO \R PEASANTS -- ! OLD ONES1 ESPECIALLY -- ! RADIANT HYPO!SIS ( A BRO!RLY SOCIETY ( EQUALS1 :]E !Y WILL BE ABLE TO RE/1 !IR WOM5 BE ABLE TO SMILE & !IR *ILDR5 CAN GR[-FREE1 5LI<T5$ & /RONG1 ! OLD PEASANTS %AKE !IR HEADS P]PLEX$4 ,!IR LOOK1 :I* HAD BE5 = A MOM5T 5LIV5$ BY HOPE1 FADES & VANI%ES AS !Y MURMUR1 0,!RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 RI* & POOR1 & !RE ALWAYS WILL BE04 ,& BECAUSE BE+ RI* OR POOR IS ! FATAL CROSSROAD ( LIFE1 !Y DON'T EAT1 & !Y YOKE !IR WOM5 & *ILDR5 9TO A S]VITUDE EV5 WORSE ?AN !IR [N 9 ORD] TO SAVE ! FEW CO9S :I*1 !Y +5I\SLY HOPE 7A HOPE ?AT WILL DIE ) ! DREAM 9 A SQUALID HOSPITAL B$71 WILL PLACE !M SOME DAY ON ! SIDE ( ! BLESS$ POSSID5TES1 ! WEAL?Y & FROM :]E !Y WILL1 9 TURN1 EX]T ! SAME SAVAGE EXPLOITATION ( :I* !Y >E N[ ! VICTIMS4 

,!Y CANNOT REALIZE ?AT ! MA/] DOES NOT HAVE TO EXI/4 ,9 ! SAME WAY1 ! PROPON5TS ( P[] >E UNABLE TO CONCEIVE ( A SOCIETY )\T GOV]NM5T4 ,CALL$ TO *OOSE BETWE5 BE+ GOV]N$ & GOV]N+1 !Y DREAM ( ALIGN+ !MSELVES ) ! LATT]1 NOT N[1 BECAUSE NOBODY 9 GOV]NM5T HAS ANY USE = !M1 BUT :5 AN>*Y HAS COME 9TO EXI/5CE1 :5 EA* ONE WILL BE ABLE TO DO ANY?+ HE PLEASES4 ,!Y SUPPOSE1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT ! MASSES1 HAV+ REJECT$ ! REF9$ & PROGRESSIVE POLITICAL WISDOM ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 WILL WANT TO SUBMIT TO !IR WILL & TO !IR ROD -- 9 VA91 IF ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION HAS PREVAIL$ & AN>*Y HAS BE5 REALIZ$4 ,ONE CAN ONLY SMILE & GO ON6 

,YET1 WE HAVE MET SOME :O W]E ABLE TO COV] !IR SOPHISMS ) A LESS VULG> APPE>ANCE & ) MORE +5I\S TRICKS -- !Y OBJECT ?AT P]SONALITIES EM]GE FROM ! MASSES1 :O >E 5D[$ BY NATURE ) AN EXTRAORD9>ILY P[]FUL M9D1 OR >E FAVOR$ ) SPECIAL MEANS ( $UCATION & LE>N+1 KE5NESS 9 /UDY1 P]SEV]ANCE 9 RESE>*4 ,AS A RESULT !Y SUCCE$ 9 P5ETRAT+ 5IGMAS1 9 DISCOV]+ NATURAL LAWS :I* W]E UNKN[N BE=E1 DRAW+ FROM !M APPLICATIONS ( GREAT & UNCONTE/$ VALUE = ! ADVANCEM5T ( CIVILIZATION AS WELL AS = ! WELL-BE+ ( MANK9D4 ,!Y SUCCE$ 9 GRASP+ A TRU? :I* SURPASSES NOT ONLY ALL USUAL & NORMAL KN[L$GE1 BUT ALSO ?AT :I*1 P]TA9S TO ! SPECIALIZ$ TE*NOLOGY ( A P>TICUL> BRAN* ( LE>N+1 BECOM+ ! TEA*]S ( IT1 PIONE]S1 MA/]S1 IF Y\ PLEASE1 BECAUSE NO ONE ELSE CAN COMPETE ) !M OR %>E 9 !IR EM95CE4 ,:5 ,GALILEO1 = 9/ANCE1 OR ,PASCAL1 OR ,NEWTON 5UNICIAT$ ! LAW CONC]N+ UNIV]SAL GRAVITATION1 ! EQUILIBRIUM ( FLUIDS1 OR ! IMMOBILITY ( ! SUN AT ! C5T] ( ITS SY/EM ) ! ,E>? & O!R PLANETS CIRCL+ >\ND IT & REFLECT+ ITS LI<T1 :]E C\LD !Y F9D COMPET5T1 CONSCI5TI\S & WOR?Y OPPON5TS8 -- ,) ! EXCEPTION ( ! ,HOLY ,9QUISITION1 :I* HAS ! SPECIAL1 UN5VIABLE TASK & MISSION ( DEF5D+ ! DOGMATIC ABSURDITY ( ! ,G5ESIS AGA9/ ! RI<TS ( REASON4 

,WE >E COMPELL$ TO BELIEVE 9 & TO SWE> 9 V]BA MAGI/RI .<9 ! WORDS ( ! MA/].> TO ! TRU?S !Y HAVE REVEAL$ & :I* WE CANNOT V]IFY NOR CONTE/4 ,ISN'T ?IS1 9 MANY BRAN*ES ( ! HUMAN KN[L$GE1 AN ABSOLUTE & 9CONTE/ABLE AU?ORITY8 

,! AU?ORITY ( G5IUS8 ,WELL1 ONE IS ALMO/ TEMPT$ TO ACC$E4 ,BUT1 IF1 ACCORD+ TO ,BOVIO 7& SO F> NO ONE HAS SAID IT ) MORE S]I\SNESS & CL>ITY71 G5I\S IS ! HI<E/ DEGREE ( SYN!SIS ) :I* HUMAN ?\<T DISCOV]S TRU? 9 AN ORIG9AL MANN] & 9 REMOTE RELATION%IPS1 H[ MU* WILL ?IS SYN!SIS 7IE1 ! ME?OD :I* 9 PHILOSOPHY AS WELL AS 9 *EMI/RY PROCE$S FROM CAUSES TO EFFECTS1 FROM PR9CIPLES TO CONSEQU5CES1 FROM ! ELEM5TS TO ! :OLE7 [E TO ANALYSIS & TO ?OSE :O1 ) !IR LABOR1 ) !IR P]SI/5CE &1 EQUALLY1 ) !IR 9TUITION1 HAVE COLLECT$ ! ELEM5TS1 DISCOV]$ & >RANG$ ! CAUSES1 E/ABLI%$ ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLES FROM :I* ! NEW DISCOV]Y HAS TAK5 ITS />T1 & )\T :I* ! NEW RELATION%IP C\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 GRASP$1 NOR ! SUP]IOR TRU? BE5 ABLE TO REVEAL & ASS]T ITSELF8 ,H[ MU* DOES ,M>CONI [E ,GALVANI1 ,VOLTA1 ,RI<I1 ,H]TZ1 ,MAXWELL1 ,CROOKES1 = HIS WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY8.<#d#a.> 

,! ?\<T1 :I* UNCOV]S A NEW TRU? 9 AN ORIG9AL MANN] & 9 A REMOTE RELATION%IP1 HAS >IS5 FROM ! ?\<T1 ! /UDY1 ! WORK1 ! PA91 ! TRAGIC DIS5*ANTM5T ( ALL ?OSE :O TOOK ! FIR/ /EPS ON ! H>% ROAD ( RESE>*1 :O DISSIPAT$ ! FIR/ CL\DS ( D>KNESS1 :O OV]CAME ! FIR/ & MO/ >DU\S OB/ACLES1 BOLDLY *ALL5G+ MOCK]Y1 CONTEMPT1 ! ANGRY CONS]VATISM ( ! VULG>1 & ! EV5 MORE FURI\S HATR$ ( ! 5TR5*$ 9T]E/S1 & :O1 9 SO DO+1 OP5$ A GLEAM 9TO ! FUTURE4 

,:O CAN SAY1 ?AT HE1 ALONE1 EQUIPP$ EXCLUSIVELY ) HIS LIMIT$ KN[L$GE1 HAS GONE V]Y F> ON ! /EEP PA? ( PROGRESS8 ,?AT HE HAS CREAT$ SOME?+ FROM NO?+1 )\T US+ ! WORK ( HIS =]UNN]S1 ! PIONE]S :O PROCE$$ HIM8 

,SO1 IT APPE>S ?AT ! RI<T TO COMM& BEG9S TO LOSE SOME ( ITS ABSOLUTE & AUTOCRATIC *>ACT]4 ,AT ! V]Y LEA/1 WE >E ON ! LEVEL ( A CON/ITUTIONAL REGIME6 

,H]E AGA9 -- EV]Y?+ BELONGS TO EV]YBODY 

,BUT H]E WE DO NOT 9T5D TO DEAL ) G5IUS1 ! DEBATE W\LD TAKE US TOO F>4 

,\R SUBJECT IS MORE MODE/3 DOES ! P]SON :O HAS A WEAL? ( KN[L$GE UNKN[N TO MO/ PEOPLE EX]T A REAL & EXCLUSIVE DOM9ATION OV] IGNORANT LAYM58 ,OR DOES HE NOT8 

,\R ANSW] IS1 CATEGORICALLY & )\T HESITATION1 NO6 ,EV5 IF IT BE ,GALILEO1 ,PASCAL1 OR ,NEWTON1 :O 9 ! D>KNESS ( PA/ C5TURIES RAIS$ ! TOR* ( HOPE1 ( TRU?1 ( R$EMPTION4 

,AGA9/ ! BIBLICAL TRADITION ( CREATION1 :I* CLAIM$ ?AT ! ,E>? IS ! C5T] ( ! UNIV]SE1 ,GALILEO AFFIRM$ & PROV$ 7& HIS DEMON/RATION HAS S9CE !N BE5 VALIDAT$ BY MANY CLE> PRO(S :I* >E N[ ACCESSIBLE TO ! UNSKILL$ 9 A/RONOMY7 ?AT ! SUN IS ! IMMOBILE C5T] ( \R PLANET>Y SY/EM1 & ?AT ,E>? IS ONLY ONE ( MANY SATELLITES :I* REVOLVE >\ND ! SUN AT A RHY?M ?AT CAN N[ BE CALCULAT$ EXACTLY TO ! SECOND4 

,N[6 ,EI!R ,GALILEO HAS CONV9C$ ME ?AT HIS !ORY IS RI<T1 &1 IF SO1 HE HAS CEAS$ TO DOM9ATE ME BECAUSE ,I AM ABLE TO UND]/& & V]IFY IT -- & TODAY1 EV5 ) ! HELP ( DATA & MEANS ?AT W]E NOT KN[N 9 HIS TIME4 ,!N1 AS F> AS ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! SUN & ITS SATELLITES IS CONC]N$1 !RE IS SU* COMPLETE AGREEM5T BETWE5 ,GALILEO & ME -- P>DON ! COMP>ISON ?AT IT EXCLUDES ANY =M ( HI]>*Y1 SUPREMACY1 OR DOM9ATION4 

,OR ,GALILEO HAS NOT CONV9C$ ME4 ,& !N1 AS F> AS ,I AM CONC]N$1 ! SUN CONT9UES TO REVOLVE AS IT DID 9 ! TIME ( ,JO%UA1 :O ALL[$ HIMSELF ! PLEASURE ( /OPP+ IT 9 ORD] TO GIVE HIM TIME TO DE/ROY ,A-DO-NI-ZE-DEC1 K+ ( ,J]USALEM4 ,! ,E>? /&S /ILL 7& IT MU/ /& /ILL -- AS SOME PEASANTS ,I WAS TRY+ TO P]SUADE TO ! ,GALILEAN !ORY US$ TO SAY -- BECAUSE O!RWISE ALL ( US W\LD GO UPSIDE D[N71 & ! ,BIBLE & ,MOSES >E RI<T4 

,BUT1 !N1 :AT K9D ( P[] W\LD ,GALILEO HAVE OV] MY BELIES1 MY IDEAS & MY $UCATION1 IF ,I REMA9 UNMOV$ 9 MY PREJUDICE1 & IF HE HASN'T ! SLI<TE/ 9FLU5CE OR M5TAL JURISDICTION OV] ME8 ,I'D REMA9 A /RANG]1 \TSIDE HIS DOM9ION4 

,&1 SADLY1 ?AT SU* IS ! CASE IS PROV$ BY ! G5]AL ALLEGIANCE1 7?ANKS TO ! IGNORANCE & SUP]/ITION CULTIVAT$ ) RELI% AMONG ! COMMON PEOPLE BY ?OSE 9SEP>ABLE ACCOMPLICES1 ! ,/ATE & ! *UR*7 ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY CONT9UES TO PAY TO ,G5ESIS & ! ,MOSAIC TRADITION4 ,& BY ! RA!R ?9 RANKS ( SUSPICI\S '*>ACT]S' & 'REPROBATES' :O ACCEPT & TRU/ ,GALILEO'S SCI5TIFIC !ORY4 

,ONE MI<T1 ) SOME SUCCESS1 C>RY ! DEBATE 9TO A WID] FIELD2 IE1 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ?OSE :O DISCOV] A NEW SCI5TIFIC APPROA* TO 9DU/RY & LIFE1 ITSELF1 & ?OSE :O1 ) ! NECESS>Y 9TELLIG5CE & COOP]ATION1 MAKE POSSIBLE ITS REALIZATION & B5EFIT4 ,WE >RIVE !N AT ! CONCLUSION ( ! EQUIVAL5CE ( FUNCTIONS1 :I* WE HAVE M5TION$ BE=E1 & 9 :I* ! S\RCES & ! SECURITY ( LIB]T>IAN EQUALITY >E F\ND4 

,BUT WE FEEL ?AT WE HAVE SP5T TOO MU* TIME >GU+ AB\T AN OBJECTION ?AT REFUTES ITSELF AUTOMATICALLY FROM ! AN>*I/ /&PO9T ! REJECTION ( ALL AU?ORITY4 

,YET1 9 \R OP9ION1 ,M]L9O SEES ! DIS9TEGRATION1 ! AGONY ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 NOT 9 !SE QU>RELS1 BUT 9 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! ORGANIZATIONALI/S & ! 9DIVIDUALI/S ON ! GR\NDS ( IMM$IATE ACTION1 & 9 ! TWO TR5DS' RESPECTIVE 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS30444 ! =M]1 ! ORGANIZATIONALI/S1 >E UNABLE TO F9D A =M ( ORGANIZATION COMPATIBLE ) !IR AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES0 2 ! LATT]1 ! 9DIVIDUALI/S1 

04 4 ) ! FAILURE ( ! IDEA ( REPRISAL1 :I* HAD BE5 ! S\L ( AN>*I/ ACTION1 CANNOT F9D A WAY TO ACTION & CANNOT EXI/ )\T ! ORGANIZATION !Y /RIVE TO REJECT0 4 

,?AT ! ORGANIZATIONALI/S CANNOT F9D A =M ( ORGANIZATION COMPATIBLE ) !IR AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES IS P]FECTLY NATURAL & LOGICAL1 &1 ON ?IS PO9T1 WE >E 9 TOTAL AGREEM5T ) ,M]L9O4 ,BUT1 WE DO NOT UND]/& :Y ! 9DIVIDUALI/S CANNOT EXI/ )\T AN ORGANIZATION1 S9CE1 ACCORD+ TO ,M]L9O HIMSELF1 AN ORGANIZATION COMPATIBLE ) AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES IS NOT TO BE F\ND4 

,/ILL1 IT SEEMS TO US ?AT A DI/9CTION %\LD BE MADE CONC]N+ ?IS DESIGNATION ( ORGANIZATIONALI/ AN>*I/S1 :5 WE CONSID] ! FREQU5T /ATEM5TS & ! PRACTICAL ATTITUDES !Y EXPRESS & ADOPT4 

,ORGANIZATIONALI/S >E1 IF WE DO NOT ]R1 ?OSE AN>*I/S :O DEEM IT DESIRABLE1 NECESS>Y & POSSIBLE TO ORGANIZE SY/EMATICALLY1 ON ! BASIS ( PREVI\SLY AGRE$ PROGRAMS1 AS A POLITICAL P>TY1 DI/+UI%ABLE FROM ALL O!R PROLET>IAN P>TIES1 & ABLE1 :5EV] ! OPPORTUNITY APPE>S1 TO MAKE ITSELF HE>D 9 B>GA9+S1 ALLIANCES & COALITIONS ?AT MI<T BE SUGGE/$ BY ! NECESSITIES ( ! MOM5T1 ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! RUL+ CLASS1 AGA9/ ANY 9TOL]ABLE MISDE$ ?AT MI<T HAVE OCCURR$4 

,O!R AN>*I/S CALL !MSELVES ORGANIZATIONALI/S1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE !Y PROMOTE ! SPECIFIC E/ABLI%M5T ( A POLITICAL P>TY1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE !Y BELIEVE ?AT ! BASIS ( AN>*I/ MOVEM5T %\LD BE ! EXI/+ LABOR ORGANIZATIONS &1 EV5 MORE1 ?OSE ?AT W\LD >ISE UND] !IR AUSPICES1 ) !IR /IMULUS1 & HAVE AN OP5 REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT]4 

,TO !SE TWO TR5DS1 :I* DIFF] ONLY BY DEGREE1 & :OSE ACTION %\LD ALWAYS BE COLLECTIVE 9 *>ACT]1 ,M]L9O -- IF WE DO NOT MISUND]/& HIS ?\<T -- OPPOSES ?OSE AN>*I/S :O PREF] 9DIVIDUAL ACTIVITY BO? 9 ! FIELD ( PROPAG&A & REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 

,MODE/LY1 BUT FIRMLY1 WE >E OPPOS$ TO ?OSE AN>*I/S :O CALL !MSELVES ORGANIZATIONALI/S1 :E!R !Y WI% TO ORGANIZE AN AN>*I/ P>TY POLITICALLY1 OR :E!R1 9 ORD] TO /R5G!N IT1 !Y AIM TO BASE IT ON LABOR ORGANIZATIONS AS !Y EXI/ N[1 OR ON O!R ONES !Y MI<T ORGANIZE ?AT CORRESPOND MORE TO !IR AIMS4 

,A POLITICAL P>TY1 ANY POLITICAL P>TY1 HAS ITS PROGRAM2 IE1 ITS CON/ITUTIONAL *>T]3 9 ASSEMBLIES ( GR\P REPRES5TATIVES IT HAS ITS P>LIAM5T3 9 ITS MANAGEM5T1 ITS BO>DS & EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES1 IT HAS ITS GOV]NM5T4 ,9 %ORT1 IT IS A GRADUAT$ SUP]/RUCTURE ( BODIES A TRUE HI]>*Y1 NO MATT] H[ DISGUIS$1 9 :I* ALL /AGES >E CONNECT$ BY A S+LE BOND1 DISCIPL9E1 :I* PUNI%ES 9FRACTIONS ) SANCTIONS ?AT GO FROM C5SURE TO EXCOMMUNICATION1 TO EXPULSION4 

,! AN>*I/ P>TY CANNOT HELP BUT BE A P>TY LIKE ! O!RS4 ,WORSE6 ,A GOV]NM5T LIKE ANY O!R GOV]NM5T1 5SLAV$1 LIKE ALL ! O!RS1 BY ITS CON/ITUTION :I*1 LIKE ALL O!R CON/ITUTIONS1 LAWS & CODES1 W\LD BE OV]TAK51 ON ! DAY AFT] ITS PROMULGATION1 BY EV5TS & NE$S1 BY ! PRESS+ NECESSITIES ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,A GOV]NM5T1 ABSURD & ILLEGITIMATE LIKE ! O!RS1 BAS$ ON DELEGATION & REPRES5TATION1 ?\< IT W\LD BE ONLY TOO CLE> & OBVI\S1 ESPECIALLY FROM ! EXP]I5CE ( ! AN>*I/S1 ?AT EV]Y DELEGATE & DEPUTY C\LD REPRES5T ONLY HIS [N IDEAS & FEEL+S1 NOT ?OSE ( HIS CON/ITU5TS1 :I* >E 9F9ITELY V>IABLE ON ANY SUBJECT4 ,A GOV]NM5T1 9TRUSIVE & >BITR>Y1 LIKE ANY O!R GOV]NM5T1 BECAUSE ITS PREOCCUPATION ) DIRECTORIAL RESPONSIBILITY WILL1 AT EV]Y DEVELOPM5T1 9 EV]Y /AGE ( ITS HI]>*Y1 PU% IT TO ADOPT -- ALWAYS MOV$1 ( C\RSE1 BY ! MO/ NOBLE & G5]\S PURPOSE -- PROVISIONS1 DECISIONS1 MEASURES TO :I* ! C>D-C>RY+ MEMB]S WILL SUBMIT = ! SAKE ( DISCIPL9E1 EV5 ?\< !Y MAY BE CONTR>Y TO !IR OP9ION & !IR 9T]E/4 ,A GOV]NM5T1 ALL-ABSORB+ LIKE ANY O!R1 BECAUSE IT WANTS & HAS AN ORGAN = EV]Y FUNCTION1 ( LITTLE OR NO USE1 BUT ?R\< :I* EV]YBODY MU/ PASS1 AGA9/ :I* ALL 9ITIATIVES WILL HAVE TO COLLIDE1 & BE=E :I* ALL ORIG9AL & UNOR?ODOX PROJECTS WILL APPE> SUSPICI\S1 IF NOT \TRI<T SUBV]SIVE4 

,IS IT NECESS>Y TO DO ?IS OR ?AT = PROPAG&A8 ,A COMMITTEE EXI/S = ?AT PURPOSE & WILL TAKE C>E ( IT4 ,IS IT URG5T TO DO ?IS OR ?AT = SOLID>ITY8 ,:AT DOES ?IS APPROPRIATE COMMITTEE EXI/ =1 IF NOT = ?AT PURPOSE8 ,IS !RE AN 9ITIATIVE = AFFIRMATION OR ACTION8 ,ISN'T !RE A COMMITTEE *>G$ ) !SE TASKS & MU/N'T Y\ GO ?R\< IT1 UND] ! ?REAT ( REPUDIATION1 BLAME1 OR PUNI%M5T = LACK ( DISCIPL9E8 

,MANY :O HAVE BE5 ) AN ORGANIZATION ( ANY K9D HAVE HAD ! BITT] OCCASION TO WAT* ITS 9DOL5CE & ITS NEGLIG5CE4 ,!Y 5D UP D\BT+ :E!R ! ORGANIZATION IS SET UP TO DEF5D ! WORK]S & SUPPORT !IR ASPIRATIONS1 WOND]+ :E!R IT ISN'T AT ! CRITICAL MOM5T1 AN OB/ACLE OR IMP$IM5T1 9/EAD4 ,!Y CAN TELL Y\ IF WE >E EXAGG]AT+4 

,IT W\LD NOT HELP TO OBJECT ?AT H]E WE DEAL ) AN>*I/S1 SELECT$ PEOPLE1 :O KN[ :AT !Y WANT1 :O >E ABLE TO *OOSE !IR ROAD1 & :O HAVE ! GOOD LEGS & /R5G? TO CLIMB IT4 ,LIKE ! MEMB]S ( ALL ! VANGU>D P>TIES1 AN>*I/S >E *ILDR5 ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 C>RY+ ITS /IGMA1 &1 UND]/&ABLY1 ! CR[DS ?AT JO9 !M >E NOT BETT] & EXPECT ! MAXIMUM RESULT FROM ! LEA/ EF=T4 ,WE HAVE BE5 =C$ 9TO TOO MANY COMPROMISE >RANGEM5TS TO BE WILL+ TO SEEK MORE4 ,AS WE ACCEPT WAGES1 AS WE PAY = ! H\SE WE R5T1 \R REVOLUTION>Y CLAIMS & \R AN>*I/ ASPIRATIONS NOT)/&+1 WE RECOGNIZE & WE LEGITIMIZE 9 ! MO/ CONCRETE & PA9FUL WAY1 CAPITAL1 R5T1 PR(IT -- ! TRIBUTE ?AT \R EXPLOIT]S IMPOSE ON \R LABOR & ON \R DESPIS$ SWEAT4 

,COMPROMISE1 R5UNCIATION1 BETRAYAL6 BUT !RE IS NO O!R WAY \T2 ! YOKE IS ON \R NECKS & \R H&S >E TI$4 

,BUT1 :]EV] POSSIBLE1 WE MU/ AVOID1 WE MU/ %UN1 WE MU/ REJECT COMPROMISE & R5UNCIATION4 ,WE MU/ BE \RSELVES1 ACCORD+ TO ! /RICT *>ACT] \TL9$ BY \R FAI? & \R CONVICTIONS4 ,!SE C]TA9LY W\LD NOT DRAW =? A GOOD OM5 = ! LIB]T>IAN FUTURE IF WE C\LD NOT PROCE$ ON \R [N1 )\T ! PROXIES & ! TUTORS1 :I* >E 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! NOTION ( ORGANIZATION1 BE IT EI!R ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! AN>*I/ P>TY OR ! ORGANIZATION ( ! CRAFT & TRADE UNIONS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibd 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #b#d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/