,! ,5D ( ! ,AGE 
,AN ,ESSAY ON ! ,APPROA*+ ,REVOLUTION 

#aif 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TAGS 3 RI<T TO USE ! L&1 MAJORITY ( ! RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 NATIONS ( ! *RI/IAN WORLD1 M5 ( ! RUL+ CLASSES1 CAUSE ( ! IMP5D+ REVOLUTION1 LAW COMMON TO ALL MANK9D1 CAUSE ( ! APPROA*+ REVOLUTION1 CALAMITY ( ! L& SLAVE1 HUMAN RI<TS & CIVIL LIB]TIES1 LAW ( MUTUAL S]VICE4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY VAL]IA PETR9I1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,I 

,9 ,GOSPEL LANGUAGE 0! AGE0 & 0! 5D ( ! AGE0 DOES NOT SIGNIFY ! 5D & BEG9N+ ( A C5TURY1 BUT ! 5D ( ONE VIEW ( LIFE1 ( ONE FAI?1 ( ONE ME?OD ( SOCIAL 9T]C\RSE BETWE5 M51 & ! COMM5CEM5T ( ANO!R VIEW ( LIFE1 ANO!R FAI?1 ANO!R ME?OD ( SOCIAL 9T]C\RSE4 .<444.> ,EV]Y REVOLUTION BEG9S :5 ,SOCIETY HAS \TGR[N ! VIEW ( LIFE ON :I* ! EXI/+ =MS ( SOCIAL LIFE W]E F\ND$1 :5 ! CONTRADICTIONS BETWE5 LIFE SU* AS IT IS1 & LIFE AS IT %\LD BE1 & MI<T BE1 BECOME SO EVID5T TO ! MAJORITY ?AT !Y FEEL ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( CONT9U+ EXI/5CE UND] =M] CONDITIONS4 ,! REVOLUTION BEG9S 9 ?AT NATION :]E9 ! MAJORITY ( M5 BECOME CONSCI\S ( ?IS CONTRADICTION4 ,AS TO ! REVOLUTION>Y ME?ODS !SE DEP5D ON ! OBJECT T[>DS :I* ! REVOLUTION T5DS4  

,9 #agic ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! IDEA ( BUREAUCRACY WAS FELT NOT ONLY BY ! NATIONS SUFF]+ FROM OPPRESSION1 BUT ALSO BY ! BE/ M5 ( ! RUL+ CLASSES 9 ALL ,*RI/5DOM4 ,BUT NO:]E W]E !SE CLASSES SO S5SITIVE TO ?IS 9EQUALITY1 NO:]E WAS ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PEOPLE SO LITTLE /ULTIFI$ BY ! S]VITUDE AS 9 ,FRANCE1 & !RE=E ! REVOLUTION ( #agic ACTUALLY BEGAN 9 ,FRANCE4 ,! MO/ ADEQUATE MEANS ( REALIZ+ EQUALITY NATURALLY SEEM$ TO BE TO TAKE BACK ?AT :I* ! AU?ORITIES POSSESS$1 & !RE=E ?OSE REVOLUTION>IES REALIZ$ !IR AIMS BY VIOL5CE4  

,AT ! PRES5T DATE1 #a#i#e1 ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! POSSIBILITY1 & ! LAWFULNESS1 ( FREE LIFE ON ! ONE H&1 & ! UNREASON & DISA/] ( OB$I5CE TO CO]CIVE AU?ORITY1 >BITR>ILY DEPRIV+ PEOPLE ( ! PRODUCT ( !IR LABOR = >MAM5TS :I* CAN HAVE NO 5D1 ( AU?ORITY CAPABLE AT ANY MOM5T ( COMPELL+ NATIONS TO P>TICIPATE 9 9S5SATE & CRUEL MANSLAU<T] ON ! O!R IS FELT NOT ONLY BY ! MASSES SUFF]+ FROM ?IS CO]CION1 BUT ALSO BY ! BE/ M5 ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,NO:]E IS ?IS CONTRADICTION FELT SO /RONGLY AS 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,?IS IS P>TLY DUE TO ! 9SANE & HUMILIAT+ W> 9TO :I* !Y HAVE BE5 DRAWN BY ! ,GOV]NM5T & TO ! AGRICULTURAL LIFE YET RETA9$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 BUT ABOVE ALL TO ! P>TICUL>LY VITAL ,*RI/IAN CONSCI\SNESS ( ?IS PEOPLE4 ,?IS IS :Y ,I ?9K ?AT ! REVOLUTION ( #aie HAV+ AS ITS OBJECTIVE ! LIB]ATION ( M5 FROM CO]CION MU/ BEG9 & HAS ALREADY BEGUN 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! MEANS ( REALIZ+ ! OBJECTIVES ( A REVOLUTION = ! FRE$OM ( M5 OBVI\SLY MU/ BE O!R ?AN ?AT VIOL5CE BY :I* M5 HAVE HI!RTO ATTEMPT$ TO RAISE EQUALITY4 ,! M5 ( ! GREAT ,FR5* REVOLUTION WI%+ TO RETA9 EQUALITY MI<T MAKE ! MI/AKE ( ?9K+ ?AT EQUALITY IS ATTA9ABLE BY CO]CION1 AL?\< IT W\LD SEEM EVID5T ?AT EQUALITY CANNOT BE SECUR$ BY CO]CION1 AS CO]CION IS 9 ITSELF ! KE5E/ MANIFE/ATION ( 9EQUALITY4 ,BUT ! FRE$OM CON/ITUT+ ! *IDE AIM ( ! PRES5T REVOLUTION CANNOT 9 ANY CASE BE ATTA9$ BY VIOL5CE4 ,YET AT PRES5T ! PEOPLE :O >E PRODUC+ ! REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA ?9K ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 HAV+ REPEAT$ ALL ?AT HAS TAK5 PLACE 9 ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS ) SOLEMN FUN]AL PROCESSIONS1 DE/RUCTION ( PRISONS1 BRILLIANT SPEE*ES1 ,ALLEZ DIRE A VOTRE MAITRE1 CON/ITUTIONAL ASSEMBLIES & SO =?1 & HAV+ OV]?R[N ! EXI/+ ,GOV]NM5T & 9/ITUT$ CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*Y OR EV5 A SOCIALI/IC REPUBLIC1 WILL ATTA9 ! OBJECTIVE AT :I* ! REVOLUTION AIM$4  

,BUT HI/ORY DOES NOT REPEAT ITSELF4 ,VIOL5T REVOLUTION HAS \TLIV$ ITS TIME4 ,ALL IT CAN GIVE M51 IT HAS ALREADY GIV5 !M1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME IT HAS %[N :AT IT CANNOT ATTA94 ,! REVOLUTION N[ BEG9N+ 9 ,RUSSIA AMONG A POPULATION ( ONE HUNDR$ MILLION S\LS ( QUITE A PECULI> M5TAL ATTITUDE1 & TAK+ PLACE NOT 9 #agic BUT 9 #a#i#e1 CANNOT POSSIBLY HAVE ! SAME OBJECTIVES1 & BE REALIZ$ BY ! SAME ME?ODS1 AS ! REVOLUTIONS ( SIXTY1 EI<TY1 A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO AMONG ,G]MAN & ,LAT9 NATIONS QUITE DIFF]5TLY CON/ITUT$4  

,! ,RUSSIAN AGRICULTURAL NATION1 :I*1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 MEANS ! :OLE NATION1 REQUIR$ NOT A ,DUMA & NOT ! GRANT ( A C]TA9 K9D ( RI<TS1 ! 5UM]ATION ( :I* MORE ?AN ANY?+ CLE>LY DEMON/RATES ! ABS5CE ( SIMPLE TRUE FRE$OM1 NOT ! SUB/ITUTION ( ONE =M ( CO]CIVE P[] = ANO!R1 BUT A TRUE & COMPLETE FRE$OM FROM ALL CO]CIVE P[]4 

,! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! REVOLUTION BEG9N+ 9 ,RUSSIA & HANG+ OV] ALL ! WORLD DOES NOT CONSI/ 9 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( 9COME TAX OR ( O!R TAXES1 NOR ! SEP>ATION ( ,*UR* FROM ,/ATE1 NOR 9 ACQUISITION BY ! ,/ATE ( SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS1 NOR 9 ! ORGANIZATION ( ELECTIONS & ! IMAG9>Y P>TICIPATION ( ! PEOPLE 9 ! RUL+ P[]1 NOR 9 ! F\ND+ ( ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC1 OR EV5 SOCIALI/IC REPUBLIC ) UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,9 CONSI/S ONLY 9 ACTUAL FRE$OM4  

,FRE$OM NOT IMAG9>Y1 BUT ACTUAL1 IS ATTA9$ NOT BY B>RICADES OR MURD]S1 NOR BY ANY K9D ( NEW 9/ITUTION CO]CIVELY 9TRODUC$1 BUT ONLY BY ! CESSATION ( OB$I5CE TO ANY HUMAN AU?ORITY :ATEV]4  

,I,I 

,! FUNDAM5TAL CAUSE ( ! IMP5D+ REVOLUTION1 AS ( ALL PA/ & FUTURE REVOLUTIONS IS A RELIGI\S ONE4 ,BY ! WORD RELIGION IS USUALLY UND]/OOD EI!R C]TA9 MY/ICAL DEF9ITIONS ( ! UNSE5 WORLD1 C]TA9 RITES1 A CULT SUPPORT+1 CONSOL+ & 9SPIR+ M5 9 LIFE1 OR ELSE ! EXPLANATION ( ! ORIG9 ( ! UNIV]SE1 OR MORAL RULES ( LIFE SANCTION$ BY DIV9E COMM&2 BUT TRUE RELIGION IS BE=E ALL ELSE ! DISCLOSURE ( ?AT LAW COMMON TO ALL M5 :I* AT ANY GIV5 TIME AF=DS !M ! GREATE/ WELF>E4 

 ,AMONG V>I\S NATIONS1 EV5 BE=E ! ,*RI/IAN TEA*+1 !RE WAS EXPRESS$ & PROCLAIM$ A SUPREME RELIGI\S LAW1 COMMON TO ALL MANK9D & CON/ITUT+ 9 ?IS1 ?AT M5 = !IR WELF>E %\LD LIVE NOT EA* = HIMSELF1 BUT EA* = ! GOOD ( ALL1 = ! MUTUAL S]VICE 7,BUDDHA1 ,ISAIAH1 ,CONFUCIUS1 ,LAOTZE1 ! ,/OICS74 ,! LAW WAS PROCLAIM$1 & ?OSE :O KNEW IT C\LD NOT BUT SEE ALL ITS TRU? & B5EFIC5CE4 ,BUT CU/OM F\ND$ NOT UPON MUTUAL S]VICE BUT ON VIOL5CE HAD P5ETRAT$ TO SU* AN EXT5T 9TO ALL 9/ITUTIONS & HABITS ?AT1 :IL/ PEOPLE RECOGNIZ$ ! B5EFIC5CE ( ! LAW ( MUTUAL S]VICE1 ! CONT9U$ TO LIVE ACCORD+ TO ! LAWS ( VIOL5CE1 JU/IFY+ ?IS BY ! NECESSITY ( ?REATS & RETRIBUTION4 ,IT SEEM$ TO !M ?AT )\T ?REATS1 & )\T RETURN+ EVIL = EVIL1 SOCIAL LIFE WAS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,C]TA9 PEOPLE = ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ORD] & ! CORRECTION ( M5 TOOK UPON !MSELVES ! DUTY ( APPLY+ LAWS1 & :ILE !Y COMM&$1 O!RS OBEY$4 ,BUT ! RUL]S W]E 9EVITABLY DEPRAV$ BY ! P[] !Y US$4 ,!N BE+ !MSELVES DEPRAV$1 9/EAD ( CORRECT+ M51 !Y TRANSMITT$ TO !M !IR [N DEPRAVITY4 ,MEAN:ILE ?OSE :O OBEY$ W]E DEPRAV$ BY P>TICIPATION 9 ! CO]CIVE ACTIONS ( ! RUL]S BY ! IMITATIONS ( ! RUL]S & BY S]VILE SUBMISSION4 ,ONE ?\S& N9E HUNDR$ YE>S AGO ,*RI/IANITY APPE>$4 ,*RI/IANITY CONFIRM$ ) NEW =CE ! LAW ( MUTUAL S]VICE & FUR!R EXPLA9$ ! REASONS :Y ?IS LAW HAD NOT BE5 FULFILL$4  

 ,) EXTRAORD9>Y CL>ITY ! ,*RI/IAN TEA*+ %[$ ?AT ?IS REASON WAS ! FALSE IDEA AB\T ! LAWFULNESS & ! NECESSITY ( CO]CION = RETRIBUTION4 ,HAV+ DEMON/RAT$ FROM V>I\S SIDES ! UNLAWFULNESS & H>MFULNESS ( RETRIBUTION IT %[$ ?AT ! GREATE/ CALAMITIES ( M5 PROCE$$ FROM ACTS ( VIOL5CE :I* UND] ! EXCUSE ( RETRIBUTION >E COMMITT$ BY SOME M5 UPON O!RS4 ,! ,*RI/IAN TEA*+ DEMON/RAT$ NOT ONLY ! 9JU/ICE BUT ! H>MFULNESS ( V5GEANCE1 IT %[$ ?AT ! ONLY MEANS ( DELIV]ANCE FROM VIOL5CE IS ! SUBMISSIVE & PEACEFUL 5DURANCE ( IT4  

 ',YE HAVE HE>D ?AT IT WAS SAID1 AN EYE = AN EYE1 & A TOO? = A TOO?3 BUT ,I SAY UNTO Y\1 ?AT YE RESI/ NOT HIM ! O!R ALSO4 ,& IF ANY MAN W\LD GO TO LAW ) !E & TAKE AWAY ?Y BOAT1 LET HIM HAVE ?Y CLOAK ALSO4 ,& :OSOEV] %ALL COMPEL !E TO GO ONE MILE1 GO ) HIM TWA94 ,GIVE TO HIM ?AT ASKE? !E1 & FROM HIM ?AT W\LD BORR[ ( !E TURN NOT ?\ AWAY4' 7,MATT4 ,V4 #c#h-#d#b74 

 ,?IS TEA*+ PO9T$ \T ?AT IF ! JUDGE AS TO ! CASES :5 =CE IS ADMISSIBLE1 IS ! MAN :O USES =CE1 !N !RE WILL BE NO LIMIT TO VIOL5CE1 & !RE=E1 ?AT !RE MAY NOT BE VIOL5CE IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT NO-ONE UND] ANY PRETEXT :ATEV] %\LD USE VIOL5CE1 ESPECIALLY UND] ! MO/ USUAL PRETEXT ( RETRIBUTION4 

 ,?IS TEA*+ CONFIRM$ ! SIMPLE SELF-EVID5T TRU? ?AT EVIL CANNOT BE ABOLI%$ BY EVIL1 & ?AT ! ONLY MEANS ( DIM9I%+ ! EVIL ( VIOL5CE IS AB/95CE FROM VIOL5CE4  

 ,?IS TEA*+ WAS CLE>LY EXPRESS$ & E/ABLI%$4 ,BUT ! FALSE IDEA ( ! JU/ICE ( RETRIBUTION AS A NECESS>Y CONDITION ( HUMAN LIFE HAD BECOME SO DEEPLY ROOT$1 & SO MANY PEOPLE DID NOT KN[ ! ,*RI/IAN TEA*+1 OR KNEW IT ONLY 9 A DI/ORT$ =M1 ?AT ?OSE :O HAD ACCEPT$ ! LAW ( ,JESUS YET CONT9U$ TO LIVE ACCORD+ TO ! LAW ( VIOL5CE4 ,! LEAD]S ( ! ,*RI/IAN WORLD ?\<T ?AT IT WAS POSSIBLE TO ACCEPT ! TEA*+ ( MUTUAL S]VICE )\T ?AT TEA*+ ( NONRESI/ANCE :I* CON/ITUTES ! KEY-/ONE ( ! :OLE TEA*+ ( ! MUTUAL LIFE ( MANK9D4 ,TO ACCEPT ! LAW ( MUTUAL S]VICE )\T ACCEPT+ ! COMM&M5T ( NONRESI/ANCE WAS ! SAME AS TO BUILD & >* )\T SECUR+ IT :]E IT MEETS4 

 ,*RI/IAN PEOPLE1 IMAG9+ ?AT )\T HAV+ ACCEPT$ ! COMM&M5T ( NONRESI/ANCE1 !Y C\LD >RANGE A LIFE BETT] ?AN ! PAGAN1 CONT9U$ TO DO NOT ONLY :AT NON-,*RI/IAN NATIONS DID1 BUT ?+S MU* WORSE1 & 9CREAS+LY DEP>T$ FROM ! ,*RI/IAN LIFE4 ,! ESS5CE ( ,*RI/IANITY1 [+ TO ITS 9COMPLETE ACCEPTANCE1 BECAME MORE & MORE CONCEAL$1 & ,*RI/IAN NATIONS AT LA/ ATTA9$ ! POSITION 9 :I* !Y >E N[1 NAMELY1 ! TRANS=MATION ( ,*RI/IAN NATIONS 9TO 9IMICAL CAMPS GIV+ ALL !IR P[]S TO >M+ !MSELVES AGA9/ EA* O!R1 & READY AT ANY MOM5T TO DEV\R EA* O!R2 & !Y HAVE REA*$ ! POSITION ?AT !Y NOT ONLY >M !MSELVES AGA9/ EA* O!R1 BUT HAVE ALSO >M$ & >E >M+ AGA9/ !MSELVES ! NON-,*RI/IAN NATIONS :O HATE !M & HAVE RIS5 AGA9/ !M2 & ABOVE ALL !Y HAVE REA*$ ! COMPLETE REPUDIATION ( ,*RI/IANITY BUT ( ANY HI<] LAW 9 LIFE :ATEV]4 

 ,! FUNDAM5TAL RELIGI\S CAUSE ( ! IMP5D+ REVOLUTION LIES 9 ! DI/ORTION ( ! HI<] LAW ( MUTUAL S]VICE1 & ( ! COMM&M5T ( NONRESI/ANCE GIV5 BY ! ,*RI/IAN TEA*+ :I* R5D]S ?IS LAW POSSIBLE4  

,I,I,I 

,NOT ONLY DID ! ,*RI/IAN TEA*+ %[ ?AT V5GEANCE1 & ! RETURN ( EVIL = EVIL1 IS DISADVANTAGE\S & UNREASONABLE S9CE IT 9CREASES ! EVIL- IT %[$1 MOREOV]1 ?AT NONRESI/ANCE TO EVIL BY /RUGGL+ AGA9/ IT1 IS ! ONLY MEANS = ! ATTA9M5T ( ?AT FRE$OM :I* IS NATURAL TO MAN4 ,! TEA*+ %[$ ?AT ! MOM5T A MAN 5T]S 9TO /RIFE AGA9/ VIOL5CE HE !REBY DEPRIVES HIMSELF ( FRE$OM1 = BY ADMITT+ VIOL5CE ON HIS P>T T[>DS O!RS1 HE !REBY ADMITS ALSO ! VIOL5CE ON HIS P>T T[>DS O!RS1 HE !REBY ADMITS ALSO ! VIOL5CE AGA9/ :I* HE HAS /RIV52 & EV5 IF HE REMA9 ! VICTOR YET 5T]+ 9TO ! SPH]E ( EXT]NAL /RIFE HE IS ALWAYS 9 DANG] ( BE+ 9 ! FUTURE CONQU]$ BY A YET /RONG] VIOL5CE4  

,?IS TEA*+ %[$ ?AT ONLY ?AT MAN CAN BE FREE :O SETS AS HIS AIM ! FULFILLM5T ( ! HI<] LAW1 COMMON TO ALL MANK9D1 & = :I* !RE CAN BE NO OB/ACLE4 ,! TEA*+ %[$ ?AT ! ONE MEANS TO A*IEVE BO!R ! DIM9UTION ( VIOL5CE 9 ! WORLD & ! ATTA9M5T ( COMPLETE FRE$OM IS ! SUBMISSIVE PEACEFUL 5DURANCE ( ALL VIOL5CE :ATSOEV]4  

,! ,*RI/IAN TEA*+ PROCLAIM$ ! LAW ( ! COMPLETE FRE$OM ( MAN1 BUT UND] ! NECESS>Y CONDITION ( SUBMITT+ TO ?IS HI<] LAW 9 ALL ITS SIGNIFICANCE4 

0,& FE> NOT !M :I* KILL ! BODY1 BUT >E NOT ABLE TO KILL ! S\L3 BUT RA!R FE> HIM :I* IS ABLE TO DE/ROY BO? ! S\L & BODY 9 HELL40 7,MATT4 ,X4 #b#h74 

,?OSE :O ACCEPT$ ?IS TEA*+ 9 ALL ITS SIGNIFICANCE1 OBEY+ ! HI<] LAW1 W]E FREE FROM ANY O!R OB$I5CE4 ,!Y SUBMISSIVELY BORE VIOL5CE FROM M51 BUT !Y DID NOT OBEY M5 9 ?+S 9COMPATIBLE ) ! HI<] LAW4  

,?US ACT$ ! FIR/ ,*RI/IANS :5 !Y W]E A SMALL NUMB] AMONG PAGAN NATIONS4 

,!Y REFUS$ TO OBEY ,GOV]NM5TS 9 MATT]S 9COMPATIBLE ) ! HI<] LAW :I* !Y CALL$ ! LAW ( ,GOD2 !Y W]E P]SECUT$ & EXECUT$ = ?IS1 BUT ! DID NOT OBEY MAN & W]E FREE4 ,BUT :5 ! :OLE NATIONS LIV+ 9 E/ABLI%$ ,/ATE ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORT$ BY VIOL5CE W]E BY MEANS ( ! ET]NAL RITE ( BAPTISM RECOGNIZ$ AS ,*RI/IANS1 ! RELATION ( ! ,*RI/IANS TO ! AU?ORITIES COMPLETELY ALT]$4 ,GOV]NM5TS BY ! HELP ( A S]VILE PRIE/HOOD 9CULCAT$ 9TO !IR SUBJECTS ?AT VIOL5CE & MURD] MI<T BE P]PETRAT$ :5 !Y W]E RESORT$ TO = JU/ RETRIBUTION & 9 DEF5SE ( ! OPPRESS$ & WEAK4 ,BESIDE ?IS1 BY =C+ M5 TO SWE> ALLEGIANCE TO ! AU?ORITIES1 TO V[ BE=E ,GOD ?AT !Y W\LD UNRES]V$LY FULFILL ALL ?AT MI<T BE COMM&$ BY ! AU?ORITIES1 ! ,GOV]NM5TS R$UC$ !IR SUBJECTS TO SU* A /ATE ?AT PEOPLE REG>D+ !MSELVES AS ,*RI/IANS CEAS$ TO LOOK UPON A VIOL5CE & MURD] AS =BIDD54 ,COMMITT+ VIOL5CE & MURD] !MSELVES1 !Y NATURALLY SUBMITT$ TO ! SAME :5 P]PETRAT$ UPON !M4 ,& IT CAME TO ?IS1 ?AT ,*RI/IAN M51 9/EAD ( ! FRE$OM PROCLAIM$ BY ,JESUS1 9/EAD ( AS =M]LY REG>D+ AS A DUTY ! 5DURANCE ( EV]Y VIOL5CE :ILE OBEY+ NO-ONE EXCEPT ,GOD BEGAN TO UND]/& !IR DUTIES 9 A DIRECTLY OPPOSITE S5SE4 ,!Y BEGAN TO FEEL ?AT PEACEFUL 5DURANCE WAS HUMILIAT+ & TO REG>D !IR MO/ SACR$ DUTY OB$I5CE TO ! AU?ORITY ( ,GOV]NM5TS1 & BECAME SLAVES4 ,$UCAT$ 9 !SE TRADITIONS !Y W]E NOT ONLY UNA%AM$ ( !IR SLAV]Y1 BUT W]E PR\D ( ! P[] ( !IR ,GOV]NM5TS AS SLAVES >E ALWAYS PR\D ( ! GREATNESS ( !IR MA/]S4 

,FROM ?IS DI/ORTION ( ,*RI/IANITY !RE HAS LATT]LY DEVELOP$ YET A NEW DECEIT :I* SECUR$ ! ,*RI/IAN NATIONS 9 !IR OPPRESSION4 ,?IS DECEIT CONSI/S ( 9CULCAT+ 9 A GIV5 NATION --- BY MEANS ( A COMPLICAT$ ORGANIZATION ( SUFFRAGE & REPRES5TATION 9 GOV]NM5TAL 9/ITUTIONS --- ?AT BY ELECT+ ! ONE :O WILL !N ) O!RS ELECT ?IS OR ?AT SCORE ( C&IDATES UNKN[N TO HIM1 OR BY DIRECTLY ELECT+ !IR REPRES5TATIVES1 !Y BECOME P>TICIPATORS 9 GOV]NM5TAL P[]1 & ?AT !RE=E 9 OBEY+ ! ,GOV]NM5T !Y >E BUT OBEY+ !MSELVES & SO >E PRESUMABLY FREE4 ,?IS DECEIT1 IT W\LD SEEM1 \<T TO HAVE BE5 OBVI\S BO? !ORETICALLY & PRACTICALLY1 AS EV5 ) ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION & UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE ! PEOPLE CANNOT EXPRESS !IR WILL2 !Y CANNOT EXPRESS IT1 FIR/1 BECAUSE !RE DOES NOT EXI/ SU* A UNIV]SAL WILL ( A NATION ( MANY MILLIONS2 & SECONDLY1 BECAUSE EV5 IF SU* A UNIV]SAL WILL ( ! :OLE PEOPLE DID EXI/1 A MAJORITY ( VOTES C\LD NEV] EXPRESS IT1 & !Y DO NOT !MSELVES KN[ NOR CAN KN[ :AT !Y REQUIRE4 ,?IS DECEIT1 AP>T FROM ! CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT ! ELECT$ REPRES5TATIVES :O P>TICIPATE 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T1 9/ITUTE LAWS & RULE PEOPLE1 NOT ) A VIEW TO !IR WELF>E1 BUT 9 MO/ CASES >E GUID$ ONLY BY ! AIM ( RETA9NG !IR POSITION & P[] AMID ! /RIFE ( P>TIES4 ,NOT TO M5TION ! CORRUPTION ( ! NATION BY EV]Y K9D ( FRAUD1 /ULTIFICATION & BRIB]Y PRODUCES BY ! DECEIT1 ! DECEIT IS ESPECIALLY P]NICI\S 9 ! VOLUNT>Y SLAV]Y TO :I* IT R$UCES M5 :O FALL UND] ITS 9FLU5CE4 ,?OSE FALL5 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ?IS DECEIT IMAG9E ?AT 9 OBEY+ ! ,GOV]NM5T !Y OBEY !MSELVES1 & NEV] MAKE UP !IR M9DS TO DISOBEY ! ORD9ANCES ( HUMAN AU?ORITY1 EV5 ?\< ! LATT] BE CONTR>Y NOT ONLY TO !IR P]SONAL TA/ES1 9T]E/ & DESIRES1 BUT ALSO TO ! HI<] LAW & TO !IR CONSCI5CES4 ,YET ! ACTIONS & MEASURES ( ! ,GOV]NM5TS ( SU* PSEUDO-SELF GOV]N+ NATIONS DET]M9$ BY ! COMPLEX /RIFE ( AMBITION & GRE$1 DEP5D AS LITTLE UPON ! WILL & DESIRE ( ! :OLE NATION AS ! ACTION & MEASURES ( ! MAJORITY IMAG9+ ?AT !Y >E FREE IF !Y HAVE ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 ! ELECTION ( ! JAIL]S & = ! 9T]NAL ADM9I/RATIVE MEASURES 9 ! PRISON4  

,A SUBJECT ( ! MO/ DESPOTIC ,GOV]NM5T CAN BE COMPLETELY FREE AL?\< HE MAY BE SUBJECT$ TO CRUEL VIOL5CE ON ! P>T ( ! AU?ORITIES HE HAS NOT E/ABLI%$2 NIT A MEMB] ( A CON/ITUTIONAL ,/ATE IS ALWAYS A SLAVE BECAUSE1 IMAG9+ ?AT HE HAS P>TICIPAT$ OR CAN P>TICIPATE 9 HIS ,GOV]NM5T1 HE RECOGNIZES ! LEGALITY ( ALL VIOL5CE P]PETRAT$ UPON HIM2 HE OBEYS ALL ! ORD]S ( ! AU?ORITIES4 ,SO ?AT PEOPLE 9 CON/ITUTIONAL ,/ATES IMAG9+ ?AT !Y >E FREE1 [+ TO ?IS V]Y IMAG9ATION LOSE ! IDEA ITSELF ( :AT TRUE FRE$OM IS1 & MORE & MORE SURR5D] !MSELVES 9TO 9CREAS+ SLAV]Y TO !IR ,GOV]NM5TS4 ,NO?+ DEMON/RATES SO CLE>LY ! 9CREAS+ 5SLAVEM5T ( NATIONS AS ! GR[?1 SPREAD & SUCCESS ( SOCIALI/IC !ORIES3 ?AT IS1 ! T5D5CY T[>DS GREAT] & GREAT] SLAV]Y4 

,AL?\< ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE 9 ?IS RESPECT >E PLAC$ 9 MORE ADVANTAGE\S CONDITIONS S9CE HI!RTO !Y NEV] HAVE P>TICIPAT$ 9 P[]1 & SO HAVE NOT YET BE5 DEPRAV$ BY SU* P>TICIPATION1 /ILL ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE LIKE O!R NATIONS HAVE BE5 SUBJECT$ TO ALL ! DECEITS ( ! GLORIFICATION ( AU?ORITY1 ( OA?S1 ( ! PRE/IGE & GREATNESS ( ! /ATE & ( ! ,FA!RL&1 & !Y ALSO REG>D IT AS !IR DU/Y TO OBEY ! ,GOV]NM5T 9 EV]Y?+4 ,LATT]LY1 TOO1 %ORTSI<T$ M5 ( ,RUSSIAN SOCIETY HAVE 5DEAVOR$ TO R$UCE ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE ALSO TO ?AT CON/ITUTIONAL SLAV]Y 9 :I* ! O!R ,EUROPEAN NATIONS F9D !MSELVES4  

,SO ?AT ! *IEF CONSEQU5CE TO ! NON-ACCEPTANCE ( ! LAW ( NONRESI/ANCE1 BESIDES ! CALAMITY ( UNIV]SAL >MAM5T & ( W>1 HAS BE5 ! GREAT] LOSS ( FRE$OM = ?OSE :O PR(ESS ! DI/ORT$ LAW ( ,JESUS4  

,I,V 

,! DI/ORTION ( ! TEA*+ ( ,JESUS ) ! NON-ACCEPTANCE ( ! COMM&M5T ( NONRESI/ANCE HAS BR\<T ,*RI/IAN NATIONS TO MUTUAL 5MITY & TO CONSEQU5T CALAMITIES AS WELL AS TO CONT9UALLY 9CREAS+ SLAV]Y1 & PEOPLE ( ! ,*RI/IAN WORLD >E BEG9N+ TO FEEL ! WEI<T ( ?IS SLAV]Y4 ,?IS IS ! FUNDAM5TAL G5]AL CAUSE ( ! APPROA*+ REVOLUTION4 ,! P>TICUL> & TEMPOR>Y CAUSES1 [+ TO :I* ?IS REVOLUTION IS BEG9N+ AT ?IS V]Y TIME1 CONSI/S FIR/ 9 ! 9SANITY ( GR[+ MILIT>ISM ( ! PEOPLES ( ! ,*RI/IAN WORLD AS IT /&S REVEAL$ 9 ! ,JAPANESE W>1 & SECONDLY1 9 ! 9CREAS+ /ATE ( CALAMITY & DISSATISFACTION ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE PROCE$+ FROM !IR BE+ DEPRIV$ ( !IR LEGITIMATE & NATURAL RI<T TO USE ! L&4  

,!SE TWO CAUSES >E COMMON TO ALL ,*RI/IAN NATIONS1 BUT [+ TO SPECIAL HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS ( ! LIFE ( ! ,RUSSIAN NATION !Y >E FELT BY IT MORE ACUTELY ?AN BY O!R NATIONS & AT ?IS P>TICUL> TIME4 ,?IS MIS]Y ( ITS POSITION FL[+ FROM OB$I5CE TO ! ,GOV]NM5T HAS BECOME ESPECIALLY EVID5T TO ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 NOT1 ,I ?9K1 ONLY ?R\< ! DREADFUL 9SANE W> 9TO :I* !IR ,GOV]NM5T HAS DRAWN !M1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE ! ATTITUDE ( ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE TO ! RUL+ P[]S HAS ALWAYS BE5 DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ,EUROPEAN NATIONS4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE HAVE NEV] /RUGGL$ ) !IR RUL]S1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 HAV+ NEV] P>TICIPAT$ 9 P[]1 HAVE NOT BE5 DEPRAV$ BY SU* P>TICIPATION4  

,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE HAVE ALWAYS REG>D$ P[]1 NOT AS A GOOD ?+ T[>DS :I* IT IS NATURAL = EV]Y MAN T /RIVE1 AS ! MAJORITY ( ,EUROPEAN NATIONS REG>D P[] 7AS UN=TUNATELY SOME CORRUPT PEOPLE ( ! ,RUSSIAN NATION >E ALREADY REG>D+ IT71 BUT IT HAS ALWAYS LOOK$ UPON P[] AS AN EVIL :I* MAN %\LD AVOID4 ,! MAJORITY ( ! PHYSICAL MIS]Y PROCE$+ FROM VIOL5CE RA!R ?AN ACCEPT ! SPIRITUAL RESPONSIBILITY ( P>TICIPATION 9 IT4 ,SO ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE 9 ITS MAJORITY HAS SUBMITT$ TO P[]1 & IS SUBMITT+ TO IT1 NOT BECAUSE !Y CANNOT OV]?R[ IT AS ! REVOLUTION>IES ) TO TEA* !M TO DO1 & NOT BECAUSE !Y CANNOT ATTA9 SU* P>TICIPATION AS ! LIB]ALS WI% TO TEA* !M TO ATTA91 BUT BECAUSE 9 !IR MAJORITY ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE HAVE ALWAYS PREF]R$1 & DO PREF]1 SUBMISSION TO VIOL5CE RA!R ?AN /RIFE ) IT OR P>TICIPATION 9 IT4 ,?IS IS H[ A DESPOTIC ,GOV]NM5T WAS E/ABLI%$ & HAS MA9TA9$ ITSELF 9 ,RUSSIA1 ?AT IS1 ! SIMPLE VIOL5CE ( ! /RONG & PUGNACI\S OV] ! WEAK OR ?OSE NOT DESIR\S ( /RUGGL+4  

,! LEG5D ( ! CALL ( ! ,V>ANGIANS 7"971 OBVI\SLY COMPOS$ AFT] ! ,V>ANGIANS HAD ALREADY CONQU]$ ! ,SLAVONIANS1 FULLY EXPRESSES ! RELATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE T[>DS P[] EV5 BE=E ,*RI/IANITY4 0,WE \RSELVES DO NO WI% TO P>TICIPATE ,I ! S9S ( PW]4 ,IF Y\ DO NOT REG>D IT AS A S91 COME & GOV]N US40 ,BY ?IS SAME ATTITUDE T[>DS P[] CAN BE EXPLA9$ ! SUBMISSION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE TO ! MO/ CRUEL & 9SANE AUTOCRATS (T5 NOT EV5 ,RUSSIAN1 FROM ,IVAN ,I,V D[N TO ,NI*OLAS ,I,I4  

 ,?US 9 OLD] TIMES DID ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE REG>D P[] & !IR RELATION T[>DS IT4 ,EV5 N[ ! MAJORITY LOOK UPON IT 9 ! SAME WAY4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT AS 9 O!R ,/ATES1 ! SAME DECEITS1 BY :I* ,*RI/IAN PEOPLE HAVE BE5 UNCONSCI\SLY COMPELL$ NOT ONLY TO SUBMIT BUT TO OBEY 9 DE$S CONTR>Y TO ,*RI/IANITY1 HAVE BE5 P]PETRATES ALSO 9 RELATION TO ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,BUT !SE DECEITS REA*$ ONLY ! UPP]1 CORRUPT LAY]S ( ! PEOPLE1 :]EAS ! MAJORITY HAVE RETA9$ ?AT VIEW ( P[] BY :I* MAN REG>DS IT AS BETT] TO BE> SUFF]+ FROM VIOL5CE ?AN TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! VIOL5CE4  

 ,! CAUSE ( SU* AN ATTITUDE ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE T[>DS P[] CONSI/S1 ,I ?9K1 9 ?IS3 ?AT 9 ! ,RUSSIAN NATION MORE ?AN 9 O!R NATIONS HAS BE5 CONS]V$ TRUE ,*RI/IANITY :I* SEES A RADICAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 SUBMITT+ TO VIOL5CE & OBEY+ IT4 ,A TRUE ,*RI/IAN MAY SUBMIT1 HE CANNOT EV5 BUT SUBMIT )\T /RIFE TO EV]Y VIOL5CE1 BUT HE CANNOT OBEY IT1 ?AT IS1 RECOGNIZE ITS LAWFULNESS4 ,H[EV] MU* ,GOV]NM5TS 9 G5]AL1 & ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T 9 P>TICUL>1 HAVE /RICK51 & >E /RIV+ TO REPLACE ?IS TRULY ,*RI/IAN ATTITUDE T[>DS P[] BY ! OR?ODOX 0,*RI/IAN0 TEA*+1 ! ,*RI/IAN SPIRIT & ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 'SUBMISSION0 TO P[] & 0 OB$I5CE0 CONT9UES TO LIVE 9 ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ PEOPLE4  

 ,! 9COMPATIBILITY ( GOV]NM5TAL CO]CION & ,*RI/IANITY HAS NEV] CEAS$ TO BE FELT BY ! MAJORITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 & ?IS CONTRADICTION HAC BE5 ESPECIALLY KE5LY & DI/9CTLY FELT BY ! MORE S5SITIVE ,*RI/IANS1 :O DID NOT EMBRACE ! DI/ORT$ TEA*+ ( OR?ODOXY1 ?AT IS1 BY ! SO-CALL$ SECT MEMB]S4 ,!SE ,*RI/IANS ( C>I\S D5OM9ATIONS DID NOT RECOGNIZE ! LAWFULNESS ( GOV]NM5TAL P[]4 ,FROM FE> ! MAJORITY SUBMITT$ TO ,GOV]NM5T DEM&S AL?\< !Y KNEW !M TO BE UNLAWFUL1 BUT SOME ( ! M9ORITY CIRCUMV5T$ !M BUT V>I\S DEVICES1 OR ELSE FL$ FROM !M4 ,:51 ) ! 9TRODUCTION ( UNIV]SAL CONSCRIPTION1 ,/ATE CO]CION !N1 AS IT W]E1 A *ALL5GE TO ALL TRUE ,*RI/IANS1 DEM&+ FROM EV]Y MAN READ9ESS TO KILL1 MANY OR?ODOX ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE BEGAN TO UND]/& ! 9COMPATIBILITY ( ,*RI/IANITY ) P[]4 ,AT ! SAME TIME NON-OR?ODOX ,*RI/IANS BECAME SOLDI]S4"9"9 ,AL?\< !RE W]E NOT MANY SU* REFUSALS 7H>DLY ONE 9 A ?\S& CONSCRIPTS71 /ILL !IR SIGNIFICANCE WAS GREAT1 S9CE !SE REFUSALS1 :I* CALL$ =? CRUEL EXECUTIONS & P]SECUTIONS ON ! P>T ( ! ,GOV]NM5T1 OP5$ ! EYES NO LONG] ( SECT MEMB]S ONLY1 BUT ( ALL ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE TO ! UN-,*RI/IAN DEM&S ( ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,AN 5ORM\S MAJORITY ( PEOPLE :O PREVI\SLY HAD NOT ?\<T AB\T ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! DIV9E & HUMAN LAW SAW ?IS CONTRADICTION1 & AMONG ! MAJORITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN NATION !RE BEGAN ! 9VISIBLE1 P]SI/5T1 9CALCULABLE1 WORK ( ! LIB]ATION ( CONSCI\SNESS4 ,SU* WAS ! POSITION ( ! ,RUSSIAN NATION :5 ! UTT]LY UNJU/IFIABLE ,JAPANESE W> BROKE \T4 ,IT IS ?IS W>1 C\PL$ ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( READ+ & WRIT+ ) ! UNIV]SAL DISSATISFACTION1 & ABOVE ALL ) ! NECESSITY ( CALL+ \T = ! FIR/ TIME HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( MIDDLE-AG$ M5 DISP]S$ ALL OV] ,RUSSIA1 & N[ TORN FROM !IR FAMILIES & RATIONAL LABOR 7! RES]VI/S7 = A GL>+1 9SANE & CRUEL PURPOSE1 :I* HAS S]V$ AS ! F9AL IMPETUS TO TRANS=M ! 9VISIBLE & P]SI/5T 9N] DEVELOPM5T 9TO A CLE> CONSCI\SNESS ( ! UNLAWFULNESS & S9FULNESS ( OB$I5CE TO A ,GOV]NM5T REQUIR+ SU* ACTIONS4  

 ,?IS CONSCI\SNESS HAS EXPRESS$ ITSELF1 & IS N[ EXPRESS+ ITSELF1 9 ! MO/ V>I$ & MOM5T\S EV5TS3 9 ! CONSCI\S REFUSALS ( ! RES]VI/S TO 5T] ! >MY1 9 ! DES]TIONS FROM ! >MY2 9 EQUALLY CONSCI\S REFUSALS TO %OOT & FI<T1 ESPECIALLY 9 REFUSALS TO %OOT AT ONE'S COMRADES DUR+ SUPPRESSION ( REVOLTS2 & ABOVE ALL1 9 ! CONT9UALLY 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( CASES ( REFUSAL TO TAKE ! OA? & 5T] ! MILIT>Y S]VICE4 ,SU* >E ! CONSCI\S MANIFE/ATIONS ( ! UNLAWFULNESS & NE$LESSNESS ( OBEY+ ! ,GOV]NM5T2 :IL/ ! UNCONSCI\S MANIFE/ATIONS ( IT >E TO BE F\ND 9 ALL ?AT :I* IS N[ BE+ ACCOMPLI%$ BO? BY ! REVOLUTION>IES & BY !IR 5EMIES3 SU* AS ! SAILORS0 REVOLTS 9 ! ,CLACK ,SEA & 9 ,KRON/ADT1 ! MILIT>Y REVOLTS 9 ,KIEL & O!R PLACES1 WRECK+1 SELF-CON/ITUT$ VIOL5CE1 PEASANTS0 RIOTS4 ,! PRE/IGE ( ! AU?ORITIES IS DE/ROY$1 & BE=E ! 5ORM\S MAJORITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE ( \R TIME !RE HAS >IS5 9 ALL ITS GREAT SIGNIFICANCE ! QUE/ION AS TO :E!R ONE %\LD- :E!R IT IS ONE'S DUTY TO- OBEY ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ?IS QUE/ION >IS5 AMONG ! ,RUSSIAN NATION CONSI/S ONE ( ! CAUSES ( ! GREAT REVOLUTION :I* IS APPROA*+ & P]HAPS HAS ALREADY BEGUN4  

,V 

,! SECOND EXT]NAL CAUSE ( ! APPROA*+ REVOLUTION CONSI/S 9 ?IS3 ?AT ! WORK+ PEOPLE >E DEPRIV$ ( !IR NATURAL & LAWFUL RI<T TO ! USE ( ! L&1 & ?AT ?IS DEPRIVATION HAS BR\<T TO ! NATIONS ( ! ,*RI/IAN WORLD ! CONT9UALLY 9CREAS+ MIS]Y ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE & !IR 9CREAS+ EXASP]ATION AGA9/ ?OSE :O EXPLOIT !IR LABOR4 ,?IS IS ESPECIALLY P]CEPTIBLE 9 ,RUSSIA BECAUSE IT IS ONLY 9 ,RUSSIA ?AT ! MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE /ILL LIVE AN AGRICULTURAL LIFE1 & ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 [+ TO ! 9CREASE ( ! POPULATION & ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( ! L&1 >E ONLY N[ PLAC$ UND] ! NECESSITY EI!R ( AB&ON+ !IR ACCU/OM$ AGRICULTURAL LIFE 9 :I* !Y SEE ! POSSIBILITY ( ! REALIZATION ( ! ,*RI/IAN COMMONWEAL?1 OR ELSE ( CEAS+ TO OBEY ! ,GOV]NM5T :I* KEEPS 9 ! H&S ( ! L&[N]S ! L& TAK5 FROM ! PEOPLE4  

,IT IS G5]ALLY ?\<T ?AT ! CRUELE/ SLAV]Y IS P]SONAL SLAV]Y3 :5 ONE MAN CAN DO ANY?+ HE LIKES :I* ANO!R1 TORTURE MUTILATE1 KILL HIM1 :ILE ?AT :I* WE DO NOT EV5 CALL SLAV]Y1 ! DEPRIVATION ( ! POSSIBILITY ( US+ ! L&1 IS ?\<T M]ELY A C]TA9 SOME:AT UNJU/ ECONOMICAL 9/ITUTION4  

,BUT ?IS VIEW IS QUITE FALSE4 ,?AT :I* ,JOSEPH DID ) ! ,EGYPTIANS1 :I* ALL CONQU]ORS HAVE DONE ) ! VANQUI%$ NATIONS1 :I* IS N[ BE+ DONE BY M5 TO M5 9 ! DEPRIVATION ( ! POSSIBILITY ( US+ ! L&- IS ! MO/ DREADFUL & CRUEL SLAV]Y4 ,! P]SONAL SLAVE IS ! SLAVE ( ONE1 BUT ! MAN DEPRIV$ ( ! RI<T TO USE ! L& IS ! SLAVE ( ALL4 ,EV5 ?IS IS NOT ! PR9CIPAL CALAMITY ( ! L& SLAVE4 ,H[EV] CRUEL MI<T HAVE BE5 ! [N] ( ! P]SONAL SLAVE1 9 CIEW ( HIS [N ADVANTAGE & ?AT HE MI<T NOT LOSE ! SLAVE1 HE DID NOT />VE HIM1 :]EAS ! MAN DEPRIV$ ( L& IS ALWAYS OBLIG$ TO WORK BEYOND HIS /R5G?1 TO SUFF]1 & TO />VE1 & CAN NEV] = ONE M9UTE BE COMPLETELY PROVID$ = & BE SET FREE FROM ! >BITR>Y WILL ( M51 ESPECIALLY FROM ?AT ( EVIL & AV>ICI\S M54 ,YET EV5 ?IS IS NOT ! *IEF CALAMITY ( ! L& SLAVE4 ,! WOR/ IS ?AT HE CANNOT LIVE A MORAL LIFE4 ,NOT LIV+ BY LABOR ON ! L&1 NOT /RUGGL+ ) NATURE1 HE IS 9EVITABLY OBLIG$ TO /RUGGLE ) M51 TO 5DEAVOR TO TAKE FROM !M BY =CE OR CUNN+ ?AT :I* !Y HAVE ACQUIR$ FROM ! L& & FROM ! LABOR ( O!RS4  

,L& SLAV]Y IS NOT1 AS IS ?\<T EV5 BY ?OSE :O RECOGNIZE DEPRIVATION ( L& AS SLAV]Y1 ONE ( ! REMA9+ =MS ( SLAV]Y1 FROM :I* HAS GR[N & GR[S EV]Y =M ( SLAV]Y1 & :I* IS 9COMP>ABLY MORE PA9FUL ?AN P]SONAL SLAV]Y4 ,P]SONAL SLAV]Y IS M]ELY ONE ( ! P>TICUL> CASES ( EXPLOITATION BY L& SLAV]Y1 SO ?AT ! EMANCIPATION ( M5 FROM P]SONAL SLAV]Y )\T !IR EMANCIPATION FROM L& SLAV]Y1 IS NOT EMANCIPATION1 NUT M]ELY ! CESSATION ( EXPLOITATION BY ONE =M ( SLAV]Y1 & 9 MANY CASES1 AS IT WAS 9 ,RUSSIA 7:5 ! S]FS W]E EMANCIPAT$ ) BUT A SMALL PORTION ( L&71 IS DECEIT :I* CAN ONLY = A TIME CONCEAL FROM ! SLAVES !IR TRUE POSITION4  

,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE ALWAYS UND]/OOD ?IS1 DUR+ S]FDOM1 SAY+1 0,WE >E Y\RS1 BUT ! L& IS \RS01 & DUR+ ! EMANCIPATION ( ! L&4 ,DUR+ ! EMANCIPATION FROM S]FDOM ! PEOPLE W]E CAJOL$ BY A LITTLE L& BE+ GIV5 !M1 & = A TIME !Y SUBSID$1 BUT ) 9CREASE ( POPULATION ! QUE/ION ( ! 9SUFFICI5CY ( L& AGA9 >OSE BE=E  !M1  & ?AT 9 ! CLE>E/ & MO/ DEF9ITE =M4 

,:ILE ! PEOPLE W]E S]FS !Y US$ ! L& AS MU* AS WAS NECESS>Y = !IR EXI/5CE4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T & ! L&[N]S HAD ! C>E ( DI/RIBUT+ ! 9CREAS+ POPULATION ON ! L&1 & SO ! PEOPLE DID NOT SEE ! ESS5TIAL 9JU/ICE ( ! SEIZURE ( ! L& BY PRIVATE 9DIVIDUALS4 ,BUT AS SOON AS S]FDOM WAS ABOLI%$ ! C>E ( ! ,GOV]NM5T & L&[N]S CONC]N+ ! PEOPLE'S ECONOMIC AGRICULTURAL --- ,I %ALL NOT SAW WELF>E BUT- POSSIBILITY ( EXI/5CE WAS ALSO ABOLI%$4 ,! QUANTITY ( L& :I* ! PEASANTS MI<T POSSESS WAS ONCE & = ALL DET]M9$ )\T ! POSSIBILITY ( 9CREAS+ IT AS ! POPULATION 9CREAS$1 & ! PEOPLE SAW MORE & MORE CLE>LY ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO LICE ?US4 ,!Y WAIT$ = ! ,GOV]NM5T TO RESC9D ! LAWS :I* DEPRIV$ !M ( ! L&4 ,!Y WAIT$ T51 TW5TY1 ?IRTY1 =TY YE>S1 BUT ! L& HAS BE5 SEIZ$ EV5 MORE & MORE BY PRIVATE L&[N]S1 & BE=E ! PEOPLE WAS PLAC$ ! *OICE3 ( />V+1 CEAS+ TO MULTIPLY1 OR ALTOGE!R AB&ON+ RURAL LIFE & =M+ G5]ATION ( NAVIES1 WEAV]S OR LOCKSMI?S4 ,HALF A C5TURY PASS$1 !IR POSITIONS KEPT BECOM+ WORSE & WORSE1 & REA*$ SU* A /ATE ?AT ! ORD] ( LIFE :I* !Y REG>D$ AS NECESS>Y = ,*RI/IAN LIFE BEGAN TO FALL TO PIECES1 & ! ,GOV]NM5T NOT ONLY DID NOT FIVE !M L&1 BUT GAVE IT TO ITS M9IONS1 &1 SECUR+ IT = ! LATT]1 9TIMAT$ TO ! PEOPLE ?AT !Y NE$ NEV] HOPE = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! L&1 :ILE ON ! ,EUROPEAN MODEL IT ORGANIZ$ = !M AN 9DU/RIAL LIFE1 ) LABOR 9SPECTION1 :I* ! PEOPLE REG>D$ AS BAD & S9FUL4  

,! DEPRIVATION ( ! PEOPLE ( !IR LEGITIMATE RI<T TO ! L& IS ! PR9CIPAL CAUSE ( ! CALAMIT\S POSITION ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,! SAME CAUSE LIES AT ! BASIS ( ! MIS]Y & DISCONT5T ) !IR POSITION FELT BY ! WORK+ PEOPLE ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA1 ! DIFF]5CE IS ONLY ?IS3 ?AT ! SEIZURE ( ! L& FROM ! ,EUROPEAN PEOPLE BY RECOGNITION ( ! LAWFULNESS ( L&$ PROP]TY HAS TAK5 PLACE LONG AGO2 SO MANY NEW RELATIONS HAVE COV]$ UP ?IS 9JU/ICE ?AT ! M5 ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA DO NOT SEE ! TRUE CAUSE ( !IR POSITION1 BUT SE>* = IT EV]Y:]E3 9 ! ABS5CE ( M>KETS1 9 T>IFFS1 9 UNFAIR TAXATION1 9 CAPITALISM1 9 EV]Y?+ SAVE 9 ! DEPRIVATION ( ! PEOPLE ( !IR RI<T TO ! L&4"9"9"9 

,TO ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE ! RADICAL 9JU/ICE --- NOT HAV+ YET BE5 COMPLETELY P]PETRAT$ UPON !M --- IS CLE>LY SE54 

,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE LIV+ ON ! L& CLE>LY SEE :AT PEOPLE WI% TO DO ) !M1 & !Y CANNOT RECONCILE !MSELVES TO IT4 

,S5SELESS & RU9\S >MAM5TS & W>S1 & ! DEPRIVATION ( ! PEOPLE ( !IR COMMON RI<T TO ! L& --- !SE1 9 MY OP9ION1 >E ! CAUSES ( ! REVOLUTION IMP5D+ OV] ! :OLE ( ,*RI/5DOM4 ,& ?IS REVOLUTION IS BEG9N+ 9 NO O!R PLACE BUT 9 ,RUSSIA1 BECAUSE NO:]E EXCEPT AMONG ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE HAS ! ,*RI/IAN VIEW ( LIFE BE5 PRES]V$ 9 SU* /R5G? & PURITY1 & NO:]E SAVE 9 ,RUSSIA HAS BE5 SO F> CONS]V$ ! AGRICULTURAL CONDITION ( ! MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE4  

,V,I 

,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE BE=E O!R NATIONS ( ! ,*RI/IAN WORLD1 [+ TO !IR SPECIAL QUALITIES & CONDITIONS ( LIFE1 HAVE BE5 BR\<T TO ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! DISA/]S PROCE$+ FROM OB$I5CE TO CO]CIVE ,/ATE P[]4 ,9 ?IS CONSCI\SNESS & 9 ! ASPIRATION TO FREE !MSELVES FROM ! CO]CION ( !IR RUL]S LIES1 9 MY OP9ION1 ! ESS5CE ( ! REVOLUTION :I* IS APPROA*+1 NOT ONLY = ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 BUT ALSO = ALL NATIONS ( ! ,*RI/IAN WORLD4 ,BUT TO PEOPLE LIV+ 9 ,/ATES F\ND$ UPON VIOL5CE1 IT SEEMS ?AT ! ABOLITION ( ! P[] ( ,GOV]NM5T WILL NECESS>ILY 9VOLVE ! GREATE/ ( DISA/]S4 

,BUT ! ASS]TION ?AT ! DEGREE ( SAFETY & WELF>E :I* M5 5JOY IS 5SUR$ BY ,/ATE P[] IS ALTOGE!R AN >BITR>Y ONE4 ,WE KN[ ?OSE DISA/]S & SU* WELF>E AS EXI/ AMONG PEOPLE LIV+ UND] ,/ATE ORGANIZATION1 BUT WE DO NOT KN[ ! POSITION 9 :I* PEOPLE W\LD BE W]E !Y TO GET CLE> ( ! ,/ATE4 ,IF ONE TAKES 9TO CONSID]ATION ! LIFE ( ?OSE SMALL COMMUNITIES :I* HAPP5 TO HAVE LIV$ & >E LIV+ \TSIDE GREAT ,/ATES1 SU* COMMUNITIES1 :IL/ PR(IT+ FROM ALL ! ADVANTAGES ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 YET BE+ FREE FROM ,/ATE CO]CION1 DO NOT EXP]I5CE ONE-HUNDR$? P>T  ( ! DISA/]S :I* >E UND]GONE BY PEOPLE :O OBEY ,/ATE AU?ORITY4 

,! PEOPLE ( ! RUL+ CLASSES = :OM ! ,/ATE ORGANIZATION IS ADVANTAGE\S SPEAK MO/ AB\T ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( LIV+ )\T ,/ATE ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT ASK ?OSE :O BE> ONLY ! WEI<T ( ! ,/ATE P[]1 ASK ! AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S1 ! ONE HUNDR$ MILLION PEASANTS 9 ,RUSSIA1 & Y\ WILL F9D !Y FEEL ONLY ITS BURD51 &1 F> FROM REG>D+ !MSELVES AS SAF] = ,/ATE P[]1 !Y C\LD ALTOGE!R DISP5SE ) IT4 ,9 MANY ( MY WRIT+S ,I HAVE REPEAT$LY 5DEAVOR$  TO %[ ?AT :AT 9TIMIDATES M5 --- ! FE> ?AT )\T GOV]NM5TAL P[] ! WOR/ M5 W\LD TRIUMPH :IL/ ! BE/ W\LD BE OPPRESS$ --- IS  PRECISELY :AT HAS LONG AGO HAPP5$1 & IS /ILL HAPP5+1 9 ALL ,/ATES1 S9CE EV]Y:]E ! P[] IS 9 ! H&S ( ! WOR/ M52 AS1 9DE$1 CANNOT BE O!RWISE1 BECAUSE ONLY ! WOR/ M5 C\LD DO ALL !SE CRAFTY1 DA/>DLY & CRUEL ACTS :I* >E NECESS>Y = P>TICIPATION 9 P[]4 ,MANY TIMES ,I HAVE 5DEAVOR$ TO EXPLA9 ?AT ALL ! *IEF CALAMITIES FROM :I* M5 SUFF] SU* AS ! DEEP POV]TY ( ! MAJORITY1 ! SEIZURE ( ! L& BY ?OSE :O DO NOT FL[ ONLY FROM ! RECOGNITION ( ! LAWFULNESS ( GOV]NM5TAL CO]CION2 ,I HAVE  5DEAVOR$  TO %[ ?AT BE=E ANSW]+ ! QUE/ION :E!R ! POSITION ( M5 W\LD BE ! WORSE OR ! BETT] )\T ,GOV]NM5TS1 ONE %\LD SOLVE ! PROBLEM AS TO :O MAKES UP ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,>E ?OSE :O CON/ITUTE IT BETT] OR WORSE ?AN ! AV]AGE LEVEL ( MAN8 ,IF !Y >E BETT] ?AN ! AV]AGE RUN1 !N ! ,GOV]NM5T WILL BE B5EFIC5T2 BUT IF !Y >E WORSE IT WILL BE P]NICI\S4 ,& ?AT !SE M5 --- ,IVAN ,I,V1 ,H5RY ,V,I,I,I1 ,M>AT1 ,NAPOLEON1 ,>AK*EYEF1 ,METT]NI*1 ,TALLYR&1 & ,NI*OLAS --- >E WORSE ?AN ! G5]AL RUN IS PROV$ BY HI/ORY4 

,9 EV]Y HUMAN SOCIETY !RE >E ALWAYS AMBITI\S1 UNSCRUPUL\S1 CRUEL M51 :O1 ,I HAVE ALREADY 5DEAVOR$ TO %[1 >E EV] READY TO P]PETRATE ANY K9D ( VIOL5CE1 ROBB]Y1 MURD] = !IR [N ADVANTAGE2 & ?AT 9 A SOCIETY )\T ,GOV]NM5T !SE M5 W\LD BE ROBB]S1 RE/RA9$ 9 !IR ACTIONS P>TLY BY /RIFE ) ?OSE 9JUR$ BY !M 7SELF-9/ITUT$ JU/ICE1 LYN*+71 BUT P>TLY & *IEFLY BY ! MO/ P[]FUL WEAPON ( 9FLU5CE UPON M5 --- PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,:]EAS 9 A SOCIETY RUL$ BY CO]CIVE AU?ORITY1 !SE SAME M5 >E ?OSE :O WILL SEIZE AU?ORITY & WILL MAKE USE ( IT1 NOT ONLY )\T ! RE/RA9T ( PUBLIC OP9ION1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 SUPPORT$1 PRAIS$ & EXTOLL$ BY A BRIB$ & >TIFICIALLY MA9TA9$ PUBLIC OP9ION4  

,IT IS SAID3 0,H[ CAN PEOPLE LIVE )\T ,GOV]NM5TS & CO]CION80 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ONE W\LD SAY3 0 ,H[ CAN PEOPLE1 IF !Y >E RATIONAL BE+S1 LIVE RECOGNIZ+ VIOL5CE & NOT RATIONAL AGREEM5TS AS ! 9N] CONNECT+ L9K ( !IR LIFE80 

,WI!R ONE OR ! O!R3 M5 >E EI!R RATIONAL OR IRRATIONAL BE+S4 ,IF !Y >E NOT RATIONAL BE+S1 !N ALL MATT]S BETWE5 !M CAN & %\LD BE DECID$ BY VIOL5CE4 ,BUT IF M5 >E RATIONAL BE+S1 !N !IR RELATIONS %\LD BE F\ND$1 NOT ON VIOL5CE1 BUT ON REASON4  

,ONE W\LD ?9K ?AT ?IS CONSID]ATION W\LD BE CONCLUSIVE TO M5 RECOGNIZ+ !MSELVES AS RATIONAL BE+S4 ,BUT ?OSE :O DEF5D ,/ATE P[] DO NOT ?9K ( MAN1 ( HIS QUALITIES1 ( HIS RATIONAL NATURE2 !Y SPEAK ( A C]TA9 COMB9ATION ( M5 TO :I* 7SIC47 !Y APPLY A K9D ( SUP]NATURAL OR MY/ICAL SIGNIFICATION4 

,:AT WILL HAPP5 TO ,RUSSIA1 ,G]MANY1 SAY !Y1 IF PEOPLE CEASE TO OBEY ,GOV]NM5TS8 ,:AT WILL HAPP5 TO ,RUSSIA8 ,:AT IS ,RUSSIA8 ,:]E IS ITS BEG9N+ OR ITS 5D8 ,POL&8 ,! ,BALTIC ,PROV9CES8 ,! ,CAUCASES ) ALL ITS NATIONALITIES8 ,! ,KAZAN ,T>T>S8 ,F]<ANA ,PROV9CE8 ,ALL !SE >E NOT ONLY NOT ,RUSSIA1 BUT ALL !SE >E =EIGN NATIONALITIES DESIR\S ( BE+ FRE$ FROM ! COMB9ATION :I* IS CALL$ ,RUSSIA4 ,! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT !SE NATIONALITIES >E REG>D$ AS P>TS ( ,RUSSIA IS AN ACCID5TAL & TEMPOR>Y ONE1 CONDITION$ 9 ! PA/ BY A :OLE S]IES ( HI/ORICAL EV5TS1 PR9CIPALLY ACTS ( VIOL5CE1 9JU/ICE & CRUELTY1 :IL/ 9 ! PRES5T ?IS COMB9ATION IS MA9TA9$ ONLY BY ! P[] :I* SPREADS OV] !SE NATIONALITIES4 ,DUR+ \R MEMORY1 ,NICE WAS 9 ,ITALY & SUDD5LY BECAME ,FRANCE2 ,ALSACE WAS ,FRANCE & BECAME ,PRUSSIA4 ,! ,TRANS-,AMUR ,PROV9CE WAS ,*9A & BECAME ,RUSSIA4 ,SAKHAL9 WAS ,RUSSIA & BECAME ,JAPAN4 ,AT PRES5T ! P[] ( ,AU/RIA SPREADS OV] ,HUNG>Y1 ,BOHEMIA & ,GALICIA1 & ?AT ( ! ,BRITI* ,GOV]NM5T OV] ,IREL&1 ,CANADA1 ,AU/RALIA1 ,EGYPT1 & ,9DIA1 ?AT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T OV] ,POL& & ,GURIA4 ,BUT TOMORR[ ?IS P[] MAY CEASE4 ,! ONLY =CE UNIT+ ALL !SE ,RUSSIAS1 ,AU/RIAS1 ,BRITA9S & ,FRANCES IS CO]CIVE P[]1 :I* IS ! CREATION ( M5 :OM CONTR>Y TO !IR RATIONAL NATURE & ! LAW ( FRE$OM AS REVEAL$ BY ,JESUS1 OBEY ?OSE :O DEM& ( !M EVIL WORKS ( VIOL5CE4 ,M5 NE$ ONLY BECOME CONSCI\S ( !IR FRE$OM1 NATURAL TO RATIONAL BE+S1 & CEASE TO COMMIT ACTS CONTR>Y TO !IR CONSCI5CE & ! ,LAW1 & !N !SE >TIFICIAL COMB9ATIONS ( ,RUSSIA1 ,BRITA91 ,G]MANY1 ,FRANCE1 :I* APPE> SO SPL5DID1 WILL NO LONG] EXI/1 & ?AT CAUSE1 9 ! NAME ( :I* PEOPLE SACRIFICE NOT ONLY !IR LIFE BUT ! LIB]TY PROP] TO RATIONAL BE+S WILL DISAPPE>4 

,IT IS USUAL TO SAY ?AT ! =MATION ( GREAT ,/ATES \T ( SMALL ONES CONT9UALLY /RUGGL+ ) EA* O!R1 BY SUB/ITUT+ A GREAT EXT]NAL FRONTI] = SMALL B\ND>IES1 DIM9I%ES /RIFE & BLOOD%$ & !IR ATT5DANT EVILS4 ,BUT ?IS ASS]TION ALSO IS QUITE >BITR>Y1 AS NO-ONE HAS WEI<$ ! QUANTITIES ( EVIL 9 ! ONE & ! O!R POSITIONS4 ,IT IS DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE ?AT ALL ! W>S ( ! CONF$]ATE P]IOD 9 ,RUSSIA1 OR ( ,BURGUNDY1 ,FL&]S & ,NORM&Y 9 ,FRANCE1 CO/ AS MANY VICTIMS AS ! W>S ( ,ALEX&] OR ( ,NAPOLEON OR AS ! ,JAPANESE W> LATELY 5D$4 

,! ONLY JU/IFICATION = ! EXPANSION ( ! ,/ATE IS ! =MATION ( A UNIV]SAL MON>*Y1 ! EXI/5CE ( :I* W\LD REMOVE ALL POSSIBILITY ( W>4"9"9"9"9 ,BUT ALL ATTEMPTS AT =M+ SU* A MON>*Y BY ,ALEX&] ( ,MAC$ON1 BUT ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 OR BY ,NAPOLEON NEV] ATTA9$ ?IS OBJECTIVE ( PACIFICATION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y !Y W]E ! CAUSE ( ! GREATE/ CALAMITIES = ! NATIONS4 ,SO ?AT ! PACIFICATION ( M5 CANNOT POSSIBLY BE ATTA9$ EXCEPT ONLY BUT ! OPPOSITE MEANS3 ! ABOLITION ( ,/ATES ) !IR CO]CIVE P[]4  

,!RE HAVE EXI/$ CRUEL & P]NICI\S SUP]/ITIONS1 HUMAN SACRIFICES1 BURN+S = WIT*CRAFT1 0RELIGI\S0 W>S1 TORTURES --- ,BUT M5 HAVE FRE$ !MSELVES FROM !SE2 :]EAS ! SUP]/ITION ( ! ,/ATE AS SOME?+ SACR$ CONT9UES ITS HOLD UPON M51 & TO ?IS SUP]/ITION >E (F]$ P]HAPS MORE CRUEL & RU9\S SACRIFICES ?AN TO ALL ! O!RS4 ,! ESS5CE ( ?IS SUP]/ITION IS ?IS3 ?AT M5 ( DIFF]5T LOCALITIES1 HABITS & 9T]E/S >E P]SUAD$ ?AT !Y ALL COMPOSE ONE :OLE BECAUSE ONE & ! SAME VIOL5CE IS APPLI$ TO ALL ( !M1 & !SE M5 BELIEVE ?IS1 & >E PR\D ( BELONG+ TO ?IS COMB9ATION4  

,?IS SUP]/ITION HAS EXI/$ = SO LONG & IS SO /R5U\SLY MA9TA9$ ?AT NOT ONLY ?OSE :O PR(IT BY IT --- K+S1 M9I/]S1 G5]ALS1 ! MILIT>Y & (FICIALS --- >E C]TA9 ?AT ! EXI/5CE1 CONFIRMATION & EXPANSION ( !SE >TIFICIAL COMB9ATIONS IS FOOD1 BUT EV5 ! GR\PS )9 ! COMB9ATIONS BECOME SO ACCU/OM$ TO ?IS SUP]/ITION ?AT !Y >E PR\D ( BELONG+ TO ,RUSSIA1 ,FRANCE1 ,BRITA9 OR ,G]MANY1 AL?\< ?IS IS NOT AT ALL NECESS>Y TO !M1 & BR+S !M NO?+ BUT EVIL4  

,!RE=E IF !SE >TIFICIAL COMB9ATIONS 9TO GREAT ,/ATES W]E TO BE ABOLI%$ BU PEOPLE1 MEEKLY & PEACEFULLY SUBMITT+ TO EV]Y K9D ( VIOL5CE1 :ILE CEAS+ TO OBEY ! ,GOV]NM5T1 !N SU* AN ABOLITION W\LD ONLY LEAD TO !RE BE+ AMONG SU* M5 LESS CO]CION1 LESS SUFF]+1 LESS EVIL1 & TO ITS BECOM+ EASI] = SU* M5 TO LIVE ACCORD+ TO ! HI<] LAW ( MUTUAL S]VICE1 :I* WAS REVEAL$ TO M5 TWO ?\S& FIVE HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 & :I* GRADUALLY 5T]S MORE & MORE 9TO ! CONSCI\SNESS ( MANK9D4 

,9 G5]AL = ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 BO? ! T[N & ! C\NTRY POPULATION IT IS1 9 SU* A CRITICAL TIME AS ! PRES5T1 IMPORTANT ABOVE ALL NOT TO LIVE BUT ! EXP]I5CE ( O!RS1 NOT BY O!RS0 ?\<TS1 IDEA1 WORDS1 NOT BY V>I\S SOCIAL DEMOCRACIES1 CON/ITUTIONS1 EXPROPRIATIONS1 BUEAUX1 DELEGATES1 C&IDATURES & M&ATES1 BUT TO ?9K ) !IR [N M9D1 TO LIVE !IR [N LIFE1 CON/RUCT+ \T ( !IR [N PA/1 \T ( !IR [N SPIRITUAL F\NDATIONS NEW =MS ( LIFE PROP] TO ?IS PA/ & !SE F\NDATIONS4  

,V,I,I 

,! REVOLUTION N[ IMP5D+ OV] MANK9D CONSI/S 9 !IR LIB]ATION FROM ! DECEIT ( OB$I5CE TO HUMAN P[]4 ,AS ! ESS5CE ( ALL =M] REVOLUTIONS 9 ! ,*RI/IAN WORLD1 !RE=E ALSO ! ACTIVITY ( ?OSE P>TICIPAT+ 9 ?IS REVOLUTION MU/ BE QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ! ACTIVITY ( ?OSE :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 =M] REVOLUTIONS4  

,! ACTIVITY ( ?OSE 9VOLV$ 9 =M] REVOLUTIONS CONSI/$ 9 ! VIOL5T OV]?R[ ( P[] & 9 ITS RESEIZURE4 ,! ACTIVITY ( ?OSE PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 ! PRES5T REVOLUTION %\LD1 & CAN1 CONSI/ 9 ! CESSATION ( ?AT OB$I5CE TO ANY VIOL5T P[] :ATEV]1 :I* HAS N[ LO/ ITS MEAN+1 & 9 ! ORD]+ ( ONE'S LIFE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ,GOV]NM5T4  

,BESIDES ! ACTIVITY ( ?OSE 5GAG$ 9 ! COM+ REVOLUTION BE+ DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ! PEOPLE :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 =M] REVOLUTIONS1 ! PR9CIPAL P>TICIPANTS 9 ?IS REVOLUTION >E !MSELVES ALSO QUITE DIFF]5T1 AS IS ! LOCALITY :]E IT MU/ TAKE PLACE1 & ! NUMB] ( P>TICIPANTS4 

,! P>TICIPANTS 9 =M] REVOLUTIONS W]E PR9CIPALLY PEOPLE ( ! HI<] PR(ESSIONS1 FREE FROM PHYSICAL LABOR1 & ! URBAN WORK]S L$ BY !SE M52 :]EAS ! P>TICIPANTS 9 ! COM+ REVOLUTION MU/1 & WILL1 BE *IEFLY AGRICULTURAL MASSES4 ,! LOCALITIES :]E =M] REVOLUTIONS BEGAN W]E T[N2 ! LOCALITY ( ! PRES5T REVOLUTION MU/ BE *IEFLY ! C\NTRY4 ,! NUMB] ( P>TICIPANTS 9 =M] REVOLUTIONS WAS T5 OR TW5TY P] C5T ( ! :OLE NATION2 N[ ! NUMB] ( P>TICIPANTS 9 ! REVOLUTION :I* IS TAK+ PLACE 9 ,RUSSIA MU/ BY EI<TY OR N9ETY P]C5T4  

,!RE=E ALL ! ACTIVITY ( ! AGITAT$ URBAN POPULATION ( ,RUSSIA1 :O1 IMITAT+ ,EUROPE1 COMB9E 9TO UNIONS1 PREP>E /RIKES1 DEMON/RATIONS & REVOLTS1 & 9V5T NEW =MS ( ,GOV]NM5T1 NOT TO M5TION ?OSE UN=TUNATE BRUTALIZ$ M5 :O COMMIT MANSLAU<T]1 ?9K+ !REBY TO S]VE ! DAWN+ REVOLUTION1 ! ACTIVITY ( ALL !SE M51 F> FROM BE+ 9 H>MONY ) ! IMP5D+ REVOLUTION1 >RE/S ITS PROGRESS MU* MORE EFFECTUALLY ?AN ,GOV]NM5TS DO 7=1 )\T KN[+ IT !MSELVES1 !Y >E ! TRUE/ ASSI/ANTS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T71 & FALSELY DIRECTS & IMP$ES IT4 

,! DANG] N[ ?REAT5+ ! ,RUSSIAN NATION IS NOT ?AT ! EXI/+ CO]CIVE ,GOV]NM5T MAY NOT BE VIOL5TLY OV]?R[N & ?AT 9 ITS PLACE MAY NOT BE E/ABLI%$ ANO!R ,GOV]NM5T ALSO CO]CIVE1 H[EV] DEMOCRATIC OR EV5 SOCIALI/IC1 BUT ?AT ?IS /RUGGLE ) ! ,GOV]NM5T MAY DRAW ! NATION ITSELF 9TO AN ACTIVITY ( VIOL5CE4  

,! DANG] LIES 9 ?IS3 ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 CALL$ BY PECULI> CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* IT IS PLAC$ TO PO9T \T A PEACEFUL & C]TA9 WAY ( LIB]ATION1 9/EAD ( ?IS MAY1 BY ?OSE :O DO NOT UND]/& ALL ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! REVOLUTION TAK+ PLACE1 BE ATTRACT$ 9TO A S]VILE IMITATION ( =M] REVOLUTIONS1 & ?AT1 AB&ON+ ! AYE ( SALVATION ON :I* !Y >E N[ /&+1 !Y MAY ADVANCE ALONG ! FALSE WAY BY :I* O!R NATIONS ( ,*RI/5DOM >E ADVANC+ TO !IR C]TA9 RU94 

,9 ORD] TO AVOID ?IS DANG] ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE %\LD FIR/ ( ALL BE !MSELVES2 !Y %\LD NOT SEEK TO ASC]TA9 H[ !Y %\LD ACT & :AT !Y %\LD DO FROM ,EUROPEAN NATIONS & ,AM]ICAN CON/ITUTIONS1 OR FROM SOCIALI/IC PROGRAMS4 ,!Y %\LD 9QUIRE & SEEK ADVICE ONLY FROM !IR [N CONSCI5CE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 9 ORD] ?AT !Y MAY FULFILL ! GREAT WORK N[ BE=E !M1 %\LD NOT ONLY REFRA9 FROM CONC]N+ !MSELVES ) ! POLITICAL GOV]NM5T ( ,RUSSIA & ) ! SECUR+ ( FRE$OMS TO ! CITIZ5S ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE1 BUT %\LD FIR/ ( ALL FREE !MSELVES FROM ! V]Y IDEA ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,/ATE1 & CONSEQU5TLY ALSO FROM ALL CONC]N 9 ! RI<TS ( ! CITIZ5S ( SU* A /ATE4"9"9"9"9"9 ,AT ! PRES5T MOM5T ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 SO ?AT !Y MAY OBTA9 FRE$OM1 %\LD NOT ONLY REFRA9 FROM TAK+ ?IS OR ?AT ACTION1 BUT %\LD REFRA9 FROM ALL UND]TAK+S1 FROM ?OSE 9TO :I* ! ,GOV]NM5T IS LUR+ !M AS WELL AS FROM ?OSE 9TO :I* ! REVOLUTION>IES & LIB]ALS DESIRE TO DRAW !M4 ,! PEASANTS1 ! MAJORITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 %\LD CONT9UE TO LIVE AS !Y HAVE ALWAYS LIV$1 9 !IR AGRICULTURAL1 COMMUNAL LIFE1 5DUR+ ALL VIOL5CE1 BO? GOV]NM5TAL & NON-GOV]NM5TAL1 )\T /RUGGLE1 BUT NOT OBEY+ DEM&S TO P>TICIPATE 9 ANY K9D ( GOV]NM5TAL CO]CION2 !Y %\LD NOT WILL+LY PAY TAXES1 !Y %\LD NOT WILL+LY S]VE 9 ! POLICE1 ! ADM9I/RATION1 ! CU/OMS1 9 ! >MY1 9 ! NAVY1 NOR 9 ANY CO]CIVE ORGANIZATION :ATEV]4 ,LIKEWISE1 & /ILL MORE /RICTLY1 ! PEASANTS %\LD REFRA9 FROM ! VIOL5CE TO :I* !Y >E BE+ 9CIT$ BY ! REVOLUTION>IES4 ,ALL VIOL5CE ( PEASANTS T[>DS ! L&[N]S WILL CALL =? /RIFE ) REACT+ VIOL5CE1 & WILL 5D 9 ANY CASE BY TE E/ABLI%M5T ( A ,GOV]NM5T ( ?IS OR ?AT K9D1 BUT UNAVOIDABLY CO]CIVE4 ,& ) ANY CO]CIVE ,GOV]NM5T1 AS HAPP5S 9 ! FREE/ C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA1 ! SAME S5SELESS & CRUEL W>S CONT9UE TO BE ! PROP]TY ( ! WEAL?Y4 ,IT IS ONLY ! NONP>TICIPATION ( ! PEOPLE 9 ANY VIOL5CE :ATEV] :I* CAN ABOLI% ALL CO]CION FROM :I* !Y SUFF]1 & PREV5T ALL POSSIBILITY ( 5DLESS >MAM5TS & W>S1 & ALSO ABOLI% PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 L&4  

,?US %\LD ! AGRICULTURAL PEASANTS ACT 9 ORD] ?AT ! REVOLUTION N[ TAK+ PLACE MAY PRODUCE GOOD RESULTS4 
 ,AS TO ! URBAN CLASSES1 ! NOBLES1 M]*ANTS1 DOCTORS1 SCI5TI/S1 WRIT]S1 ME*ANICS & SO ON1 :O >E N[ OCCUPI$ ) ! REVOLUTION1 !Y %\LD FIR/ ( ALL UND]/& !IR 9SIGNIFICANCE1 BE IT ONLY NUM]ICAL1 ( ONE TO A HUNDR$ 9 COMP>ISON TO ! AGRICULTURAL POPULATION2 !Y %\LD UND]/& ?AT ! OBJECTIVE ( ! REVOLUTION N[ TAK+ PLACE CANNOT1 & %\LD NOT1 CONSI/ 9 ! F\NDATION ( A NEW POLITICAL CO]CIVE ORD]1 ) :ATEV] UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 :ATEV] IMPROV$ SOCIALI/IC 9/ITUTIONS1 BUT ?AT ?IS OBJECTIVE CAN1 & %\LD1 CONSI/ 9 ! LIB]ATION ( ! :OLE PEOPLE & ESPECIALLY ( !IR MAJORITY1 ! ONE HUNDR$ MILLION AGRICULTURAL WORK]S1 FROM EV]Y K9D ( CO]CION3 FROM MILIT>Y CO]CION --- SOLDI]Y2 FROM ECONOMIC CO]CION- TAXES & T>IFFS2 & FROM AGR>IAN CO]CION --- ! SEIZURE ( ! L& BY ! L&[N]S4 ,= ?IS PURPOSE ?AT FRETFUL1 UNREASONABLE & UNK9D ACTIVITY ) :I* ,RUSSIAN LIB]ALS & REVOLUTION>IES >E N[ OCCUPI$ IS NOT AT ALL NECESS>Y1 BUT SOME?+ QUITE DIFF]5T4 ,!SE M5 %\LD UND]/& ?AT ,REVOLUTION CANNOT BE MADE TO ORD]4 0,LET US ORGANIZE A REVOLUTION03 ?AT REVOLUTION CANNOT BE PRODUC$ BY IMITAT+ ! READY-MADE PATT]NS ( :AT HAS TAK5 PLACE A HUNDR$ YE>S PRECI\SLY UND] UTT]LY DIFF]5T CONDITIONS4 ,ABOVE ALL1 !SE M5 %\LD UND]/& ?AT A REVOLUTION CAN IMPROVE ! CONDITION ( A PEOPLE ONLY :5 !Y1 HAV+ RECOGNIZ$ ! UNREASONABL5ESS & CALAMITY ( =M] F\NDATIONS ( LIFE1 /RIVE TO >RANGE A LIFE ON NEW F\NDATIONS CAPABLE ( GIV+ !M TRUE WELF>E1 :5 PEOPLE POSSESS IDEALS ( A NEW BETT] LIFE4  

,?OSE :O >E N[ 5DEAVOR+ TO PRODUCE 9 ,RUSSIA A POLITICAL REVOLUTION ACCORD+ TO ! MODEL ( ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS1 H[EV]1 POSSESS NEI!R ANY NEW F\NDATIONS NOR ANY NEW IDEALS4 ,!Y /RIVE M]ELY TO SUB/ITUTE = ONE OLD =M ( CO]CION ANO!R NEW ONE1 ALSO TO BE REALIZ$ BY CO]CION1 & C>RY+ ) IT ! SAME CALAMITIES AS ?OSE FROM :I* ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE N[ SUFF]1 AS WE SEE 9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA1 GROAN+ UND] ! SAME MILIT>ISM1 ! SAME TAXATION1 ! SAME SEIZURE ( ! L&4  

,! MAJORITY ( REVOLUTION>IES PUT =W>D AS !IR IDEAL A SOCIALI/IC ORGANIZATION :I* C\LD BE OBTA9$ ONLY B ! CRUELE/ CO]CION1 & :I*1 IF IT EV] W]E ATTA9$1 W\LD DEPRIVE M5 ( ! LA/ REMNANTS ( LIB]TY4  

,9 ORD] TO FREE !MSELVES FROM ALL ! EVILS :I* N[ OPPRESS !M1 ! WORK+ M5 %\LD1 )\T /RIFE1 )\T CO]CION4 ,CEASE TO OBEY ! AU?ORITIES4 ,& ?IS SAME IS ALSO NECESS>Y = ! FULFILLM5T ( ! LAW :I* ,*RI/IAN NATIONS PR(ESS4 ,A ,*RI/IAN1 AS A ,*RI/IAN1 CANNOT OBEY 7& OBEY+ !REBY NECESS>ILY BY P>TICIPATE 97 7SIC7 & AU?ORITY :I* IS 5TIRELY BAS$ ON VIOL5CE1 MA9TA9$ BY VIOL5CE1 & UNCEAS+LY COMMITT+ ACTS ( VIOL5CE ! MO/ CONTR>Y TO ! ,*RI/IAN LAW3 SODLI]Y1 W>S1 PRISONS1 EXECUTIONS1 ! DEPRIV+ ( ! PEOPLE ( ! POSSIBILITY ( US+ ! L&4 ,SO1 BO? ! BODILY WELF>E ( MAN1 AS WELL AS ! HI<] SPIRITUAL WELF>E1 CAN ONLY BE ATTA9$ 9 ONE WAY3 BY ! SUFF]+ )\T /RUGGLE ( ALL VIOL5CE1 BUT AT ! SAME TIME BY ! AB/95CE FROM P>TICIPATION 9 IT1 BY DISOB$I5CE TO ! AU?ORITIES4 

,SO1 IF PEOPLE ( ! URBAN CLASSES REALLY DESIRE TO S]VE ! GREAT REVOLUTION :I* IS TAK+ PLACE1 ! FIR/ ?+ !Y %\LD DO IS TO DESI/ FROM ! CRUEL1 REVOLUTION>Y1 UNNATURAL1 >TIFICIAL ACTIVITY ) :I* !Y >E N[ OCCUPI$1 & TO SETTLE D[N 9 ! C\NTRY & %>E ! PEOPLE'S LABOR1 LE>N+ FROM ! PEOPLE !IR PATI5CE1 !IR 9DIFF]5CE & CONTEMPT T[>DS ! EX]CISE ( P[]1 &1 ABOVE ALL4 ,!IR HABITS ( 9DU/RY 5DEAVOR+ NOT ONLY TO REFRA9 FROM 9CIT+ PEOPLE1 AS !Y N[ DO1 TO VIOL5CE1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 RE/RA9+ !M FROM ALL P>TICIPATION 9 ACTS ( VIOL5CE & FROM ANY OB$I5CE TO CO]CIVE P[] ( :ATEV] K9D1 & TO S]VE !M1 %\LD IT BE NECESS>Y1 ) !IR SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE1 TO CL>IFY ?OSE QUE/IONS :I* WILL 9EVITABLY >ISE ) ! ABOLITION ( ,GOV]NM5T4  

,V,I,I,I 

,BUT H[ & 9 :AT =MS CAN M5 ( ! ,*RI/IAN WORLD LIVE IF !Y WILL NOT LIVE 9 ! =M ( ,/ATES OBEY+ ,GOV]NM5T RULE8 

,! ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION LIES 9 ?OSE V]Y QUALITIES ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 [+ TO :I* ,I ?9K ?AT ! IMP5D+ REVOLUTION MU/ BE+ & MU/ HAPP5 9 ,RUSSIA RA!R ?AN 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 

,! ABS5CE ( ,GOV]NM5T P[] 9 ,RUSSIA HAS NEV] PREV5T$ ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( AGRICULTURAL COMMUNES4 ,ON ! CONTR>U1 ! 9T]V5TION ( ,GOV]NM5T P[] ALWAYS H9D]$ ?IS 9N] ORGANIZATION NATURAL TO ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 LIKE ! MAJORITY ( AGRICULTURAL NATIONS1 NATURALLY COMB9E LIKE BEES 9 A HAVE 9TO DEF9ITE SOCIAL RELATIONS FULLY SATISFY+ ! DEM&S ( ! COMMON LIFE ( M54 ,:]EV] ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE SETTLE D[N )\T ! 9T]V5TION ( ,GOV]NM5T !Y HAVE ALWAYS E/ABLI%$ AN ORD] NOT CO]CIVE BUT F\ND$ UPON MUTUAL AGREEM5T1 COMMUNAL1 & ) COMMUNAL POSSESSION ( L&1 :I* HAS COMPLETELY SATISFI$ ! DEM&S ( PEACEFUL SOCIAL LIFE4 ,)\T ! AID ( ! ,GOV]NM5T SU* COMMUNES HAVE EMIGRAT$ TO ,TURKEY1 LIKE ! ,NEKRASSOVISI1 & RETA9+ !IR ,*RI/IAN COMMUNAL ORGANIZATION1 QUIETLY HAVE LIV$1 & >E LIV+ !RE1 UND] ! P[] ( ! ,TURKI% ,SULTAN4 ,SU* COMMUN$ HAVE )\T KN[+ IT PASS$ 9TO ,*9ESE T]RITORY1 9TO ,C5TRAL ,ASIA1 & HAVE LIV$ !RE = A LONG TIME1 )\T NE$+ ANY ,GOV]NM5T BEYOND !IR [N 9N] ORGANIZATION 7,N,O,T,E ,NO #b74 ,9 PRECISELY ! SAME WAY DO ! ,RUSSIAN AGRICULTURAL PEOPLE1 ! 5ORM\S MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION ( ,RUSSIA LIVE )\T NE$+ ! ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT M]ELY SUFF]+ IT4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T = ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE HAS NEV] BE5 A NECESSITY BUT ALWAYS A BURD54  

,! ABS5CE ( ,GOV]NM5T1 ( ?AT SAME ,GOV]NM5T :I* RETA9S BY =CE ! RI<T ( PUTT+ ! L& 9TO ! H&S ( ! NON-LABOR+ L&[N]S1 CAN ONLY CONTRIBUTE TO ?AT COMMUNAL AGRICULTURAL LIFE :I* ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE REG>D AS A NECESS>Y CONDITION ( GOOD LIFE4 ,IT WILL CONTRIBUTE TO IT1 9 ?AT P[] ( MA9TA9+ PROP]TY 9 L& BE+ ABOLI%$1 HE L& WILL BE FRE$ & ALL WILL HAVE EQUAL RI<T TO IT4 

,!RE=E ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 :5 ABOLI%+ ,GOV]NM5T1 NE$ NOT 9V5T ANY NEW =MS ( COMB9$ LIFE ) :I* TO REPLACE ! =M]4 ,SU* =MS ( COMB9$ LIFE EXI/ AMONG ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 HAVE ALWAYS BE5 NATURAL TO !M1 & HAVE SATISFI$ !IR SOCIAL DEM&S4 

,!SE =MS >E COMMUNAL ORGANIZATION ) ! EQUALITY ( ALL ! MEMB]S1 A COOP]ATIVE SY/EM 9 9DU/RIAL UND]TAK+S1 & A COMMON POSSESSION ( ! L&4 ,! REVOLUTION :I* IS IMP5D+ OV] ,*RI/5DOM & IS N[ BEG9N+ AMONG ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 IS DI/+UI%$ FROM =M] REVOLUTIONS PRECISELY BY ?IS1 ?AT ! LATT] DE/ROY$ )\T SUB/ITUT+ ANY?+ = ?AT :I* WAS DE/ROY$ BY !M1 OR ELSE REPLAC$ ONE =M ( VIOL5CE BY ANO!R2 9 ! IMP5D+ REVOLUTION NO?+ NE$ BE DE/ROY$1 IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y TO CEASE P>TICIPAT+ 9 VIOL5CE1 NOT TO ROOT UP ! PLANT1 PUTT+ 9 ITS PLACE SOME?+ >TIFICIAL & LIFELESS1 BUT M]ELY TO REMOVE ALL :I* HAS H9D]$ ITS GR[?4 ,!RE=E !SE HA/Y1 BOLD-FAC$ & SELF-ASSUR$ PEOPLE :O1 )\T UND]/&+ ! CAUSE ( ! EVIL ) :I* !Y >E VIOL5TLY /RUGGL+1 & :O1 )\T ADMITT+ ! REALITY ( ANY =M ( LIE )\T VIOL5CE1 BL9DLY & ?\<TLESSLY OV]?R[ ! EXI/+ VIOL5CE 9 ORD] TO REPLACE IT Y NEW VIOL5CE4 ,?OSE :O WILL CONTRIBUTE TO IT >E ?OSE :O1 )\T OV]?R[+ ANY?+1 )\T BREAK+ ANY?+1 WILL ORGANIZE !IR LIFE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! ,GOV]NM5T1 WILL PEACEFULLY 5DURE ANY VIOL5CE 9FLICT$ UPON !11 BUT WILL NOT P>TICIPATE 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T & WILL NOT OBEY IT4  

,! ,RUSSIAN NATION1 ! AGRICULTURAL NATION1 ! 5ORM\S MAJORITY1 NE$ ONLY CONT9UE TO LIVE AS IT LIVES N[1 AN AGRICULTURAL COMMUNAL LIFE1 ONLY ) NO P>TICIPATION 9 ! WORKS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T & ) \T OB$I5CE TO IT4  

,! CLOS] ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE WILL /ICK TO ! COMB9$ LIFE :I* IS NATURAL TO !M1 ! LESS POSSIBLE WILL BE ! 9T]F]5CE ( GOV]NM5TAL CO]CIVE RULE 9 !IR LIFE1 & ! MORE EASILY WILL ?IS BE REMOV$1 F9D+ FEW] & FEW] OCCASIONS = 9T]F]5CE1 & FEW] & FEW] ASSI/ANTS 9 ! DO+ ( ITS DE$S ( VIOL5CE4 

,!RE=E TO ! QUE/ION AS TO :AT CONSEQU5CES WILL FOLL[ ! CESSATION ( OB$I5CE TO ,GOV]NM5T1 ONE CAN SAY = C]TA9 ?AT ! CONSEQU5CE WILL BE ! ABOLITION ( ! CO]CION :I* COMPELL$ M5 TO FI<T ) EA* O!R & DEPRIVE !M ( ! RI<T TO USE ! L&4 ,M5 LIB]AT$ FROM VIOL5CE1 NO LONG] PREP>+ = W> NOR FI<T+ ) EA* O!R1 BUT POSSESS+ ACCESS TO ! L&1 WILL NATURALLY RETURN TO ! MO/ JOY\S1 HEAL?Y & MORAL AGRICULTURAL LABOR PROP] TO ALL M51 9 :I* MAN'S EF=T WILL BE DIRECT$ TO A /RUGGLE ) NATURE & NOT ) M52 TO A LABOR ON :I* RE/ ALL O!R BRAN*ES ( LABOR1 & :I* CAN BE AB&ON$ ONLY BY ?OSE :O LIVE BY VIOL5CE4 ,! CESSATION ( OB$I5CE TO ,GOV]NM5T MU/ BR+ M5 TO AGRICULTURAL LIFE1 & AGRICULTURAL LIFE 9 ITS TURN WILL BR+ !M TO ! COMMUNAL ORGANIZATION MO/ NATURAL UND] ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE 9 SMALL COMMUNITIES PLAC$ 9 SIMIL> AGRICULTURAL CONDITIONS4  

,IT IS V]Y PROBABLE ?AT !SE COMMUNITIES WILL NOT LIVE 9 ISOLATION1 BUT [+ TO UNITY ( ECONOMICAL1 RACIAL OR RELIGI\S CONDITIONS1 WILL 5T] 9TO NEW FREE MUTUAL COMB9ATIONS1 COMPLETELY DIFF]5T1 H[EV]1 FROM ! =M] ,/ATE COMB9ATIONS F\ND$ UPON VIOL5CE4 ,! REPUDIATION ( CO]CION DOES NO DEPRIVE M5 ( ! POSSIBILITY ( COMB9ATION1 BUT COMB9ATION F\ND$ UPON MUTUAL AGREEM5T CAN BE =M$ ONLY :5 ?OSE F\ND$ UPON VIOL5CE >E ABOLI%$4 

,9 ORD] ?AT ONE MAY BUILD A NEW & DURABLE H\SE 9 ! PLACE ( ONE FALL+ 9TO RU9S1 ONE MU/ TAKE D[N ! OLD WALL1 /ONE BY /ONE1 & BUILD IT ANEW4 

,SO IT IS ) ?OSE COMB9ATIONS :I* MAY DEVELOP AMONG M5 AFT] ! ABOLITION ( ! COMB9ATIONS F\ND$ ON VIOL5CE4  

#b7 ,IT WAS 9 VISIT+ SU* COMMUNITIES 9 ,C5TRAL ,ASIA ?AT ,KROPOTK9 DEVELOP$ HIS !ORIES LAT] PUBLI%$ 9 ,MUTUAL ,AID 7#a#i#b71 9 :I* ,KROPOTK9 REF]R$ TO ,TOL/OY'S CONCEPTION ( VILLAGE COMMUNITIES4 ,SU* PRIMITIVE AN>*I/ SOCIETIES /ILL EXI/3 9 ,APRIL #a#i#i1 OIL PROSPECTORS EXPLOR+ ,*9A'S REMOTE ,TAKLEMAKAN DES]T 9 ,X9JIANG PROV9CE DISCOV]$ A TRIBE :I* HAD REMA9$ ISOLAT$ FROM ! \TSIDE WORLD = OV] #ce YE>S4 ,! TRIBE1 NUMB]+ OV] #b PEOPLE1 LIV$ )\T GOV]NM5T1 MONEY OR PRIVATE PROP]TY3 SEE PRESS REPORTS ( ,APRIL #b#f?1 #a#i#i4 

,I,X 

,BUT :AT IS TO BECOME ( ALL :I* MANK9D HAS ELABORAT$8 ,:AT WILL BECOME ( CIVILIZATION8 

0,! RETURN ( MONKEYS0- ,VOLTAIRE'S LETT] TO ,R\SSEAU AB\T LE>N+ TO WALK ON ALL F\RS- 0! RETURN TO SOME K9D ( PRIMITIVE1 NATURAL LIFE01 SAY ?OSE :O >E SO C]TA9 ?AT ! CIVILIZATION !Y POSSESS IS SO GREAT A GOOD ?AT !Y CANNOT EV5 ADMIT ! IDEA ( ! LOSS ( ANY?+ :I* HAS BE5 ATTA9$ BY CIVILIZATION4 

0,:AT6 ,A CO>SE AGRICULTURAL COMMUNE 9 RURAL SOLITUDE LONG AGO \TLIV$ BY MANK9D 9/EAD ( \R CITIES ) UND]GR\ND & OV]GR\ND ELECTRIC WAYS1 ) ELECTRIC SUNS1 MUSEUMS1 !AT]S & MONUM5TS8 0CRY !SE PEOPLE4 0,YES1 & ) PAUP]S0 QU>T]S1 ) ! SLUMS ( ,LONDON1 ,NEW ,YORK & ALL L>GE CITIES1 ) ! H\SES ( PRO/ITUTION1 ! USURY1 EXPLOSIVE BOMBS AGA9/ EXT]NAL & 9T]NAL FOES1 ) PRISONS1 GALL[S & MILLIONS ( MILIT>Y01 ,I SAY4 

0,CIVILIZATION1 \R CIVILIZATION1 IS A GREAT BOON01 PEOPLE SAY4 ,BUT ?OSE :O >E SO C]TA9 ( ?IS >E ! FEW PEOPLE :O NOT ONLY LIVE 9 ?IS CIVILIZATION1 BUT LIVE BY IT1 !Y LIVE 9 COMPLETE CONT5T1 ALMO/ IDLY 9 COMP>ISON ) ! LABOR ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE1 JU/ BECAUSE ?IS CIVILIZATION DOES EXI/4 

,ALL !SE PEOPLE --- K+S1 EMP]ORS1 PRESID5TS1 PR9CES1 M9I/]S1 (FICIALS1 ! MILIT>Y1 L&[N]S1 M]*ANTS1 ME*ANICS1 DOCTORS1 SCI5TI/S1 >TI/S1 TEA*]S1 PRIE/S1 WRIT]S --- !Y KN[ = C]TA9 ?AT \R CIVILIZATION IS SU* A GREAT BOON ?AT ONE CANNOT ADMIT ! IDEA NOT ONLY ( ANY POSSIBILITY ( ITS DISAPPE>ANCE1 BUT EV5 ( ITS ALT]ATION4 ,BUT ASK ! 5ORM\S MASS ( ! ,SLAV1 ,*9ESE1 ,9DIAN1 ,RUSSIAN AGRICULTURAL PEOPLE1 N9E-T5?S ( HUMANITY1 :E!R ! CIVILIZATION :I* APPE>S SO PRECI\S TO ! NONAGRICULTURAL PR(ESSIONS IS 9DE$ A BOON OR NOT4"9"9"9"9"9"9 

,/RANGE TO SAY1 N9E-T5?S ( HUMANITY WILL ANSW] QUITE DIFF]5TLY4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT !Y REQUIRE L&1 MANURE1 WAT]1 IRRIGATION1 ! SUN1 RA91 WOODS1 H>VE/S1 C]TA9 SIMPLE IMPLEM5TS ( LABOR :I* CAN BE MANUFACTUR$ )\T 9T]RUPT+ AGRICULTURAL PURSUITS2 BUT AS TO CIVILIZATION1 EI!R !Y >E NOT ACQUA9T$ ) IT OR ELSE :5 IT APPE>S TO !M 9 ! =M ( T[N DEPRAVATION OR UNJU/ LAW-C\RTS ) !IR PRISONS & H>D LABOR2 OR 9 ! =M ( CU/OMS IMP$+ ! FREE EX*ANGE ( PRODUCTS2 OR ( GUNS1 IRONCLADS1 >MIES DEVA/AT+ :OLE C\NTRIES1 !Y WILL SAY ?AT IF CIVILIZATION CONSI/S 9 !SE ?+S !N IT IS NOT ONLY UNNECESS>Y BUT EXCE$+LY H>MFUL TO !M4 ,BY  

,?OSE :O PR(IT BY ! ADVANTAGES ( CIVILIZATION SAY ?AT IT IS A BOON = ! :OLE ( MANK9D1 BUT !N 9 ?IS QUE/ION !Y >E NOT ! JUDGES1 NOR ! WITNESSES1 BUT ONE ( ! LITIGANTS4 

,IT IS BEYOND D\BT ?AT GREAT ADVANCES HAVE BE5 MADE ALONG ! ROAD ( TE*NICAL PROGRESS1 BUT :O HAS ADVANC$ ALONG ?IS ROAD8 ,?AT SMALL M9ORITY :I* LIVES ON ! %\LD]S ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE2 :IL/ ! WORK+ PEOPLE !MSELVES1 ?OSE :O S]VE !SE O!R M5 :O PR(IT BY CIVILIZATION1 CONT9UE 9 ALL ,*RI/5DOM TO LIVE EV5 AS !Y LIV$ FIVE OR SIX C5TURIES AGO1 PR(IT+ ONLY AT TIMES & 9 R>E CASES BY ! EFFUSE ( CIVILIZATION4 ,IF !Y DO LIVE BETT] !N ! DIFF]5CE SEP>AT+ !M FROM ! WEAL?Y CLASSES IS NOT LESS1 BUT IT IS RA!R GREAT]1 ?AN ! ONE :I* SEP>AT$ !M FROM ! WEAL?Y SIX C5TURIES AGO4 ,I DO NOT SAY ?AT :5 WE HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT CIVILIZATION IS NOT ! ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE ?AT SO MANY ?9K IT IS1 WE %\LD ?R[ ASIDE ALL ?AT CAN KN[ ?AT :AT HAS BE5 ATTA9$ BY M5 DOES 9DE$ S]VE !IR WELF>E1 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT ALL %\LD PR(IT BY !SE ADVANTAGES1 & NOT A SMALL NUMB]2 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT PEOPLE %\LD NOT BE COMPULSORILY DEPRIV$ ( !IR [N WELF>E = O!R PEOPLE'S B5EFIT 9 ! HOPE ?AT ! SAME ADVANTAGES %ALL SOME DAY REA* !IR DESC5DANTS4  

,WE LOOK UPON ! ,EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS & >E HORRIFI$ BY ! CRUELTY & 9SANITY ( ?OSE :O ORD]$ !IR ]ECTION1 AS WELL AS ( ?OSE :O FULFILL$ !SE ORD]S4 ,BUT H[ MU* MORE CRUEL & 9SANE >E ?OSE ?AN ! ?IRTY-SIX /ORY H\SES :I* M5 ( \R TIME ]ECT 9 CITIES & >E PR\D (4 ,>\ND LIES ?AT L& ) ITS GRASS1 ITS WOODS1 ITS PURE WAT]1 PURE AIR1 SUN1 BIRDS1 ANIMALS1 BUT M5 ) DREADFUL EF=T %UT ! FUN FROM O!RS & ]ECT ?IRTY-SIX /ORY H\SES1 ROCK$ BY ! W9D1 :]E !RE IS NEI!R GRASS NOR TREES1 & :]E EV]Y?+1 BO? WAT] & AIR1 IS CONTAM9AT$1 ALL ! FOOD ADULT]AT$ & SPOIL$1 & LIFE ITSELF IS T$I\S & UNHEAL?Y4 ,IS NOT ?IS A SIGN ( MANIFE/ MADNESS 9 A :OLE SOCIETY ( M51 NOT ONLY TO ACCOMPLI% SU* 9SANITIES BUT ALSO TO PRIDE !MSELVES UPON DO+ SO8 ,?IS IS NOT ! ONLY EXAMPLE3 LOOK >\ND Y\ & Y\ WILL SEE AT EV]Y /EP :AT EQUALS ?IRTY-SEX /ORY H\SES & ,EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS4  

,! JU/IFI]S ( CIVILIZATION SAY3 0,WE >E READY TO CORRECT ! EVIL1 BUT ONLY ON ! CONDITION ?AT ALL :I* MANK9D HAS ATTA9$ %\LD REMA9 9TACT40 ,:Y1 ?IS IS :AT A DISSIPAT$ MAN :O HAS RU9$ HIS LIFE1 HIS POSITION & HIS HEAL?1 SAYS TO HIS DOCTOR4 ,HE IS READY TO AGREE ) ALL ! DOCTOR WILL PRESCRIBE1 BUT ONLY ON CONDITION ?AT HE MAY CONT9UE HIS DEPRAV$ LIFE4 ,TO SU* A MAN1 WE SAY ?AT IS HE IS TO IMPROVE HIS /ATE1 HE MU/ CEASE TO LIVE AS HE IS LIV+4 ,IT IS TIME = ,*RI/IAN HUMANITY TO SAY & UND]/& ! SAME4 ,! UNCONSCI\S MI/AKE :I* ?OSE :O DEF5D CIVILIZATION MAKE IS ?AT !Y REG>D CIVILIZATION1 :I* IS ONLY A MEANS1 AS AN 5D OR A RESULT1 & DEEM IT ALWAYS AN ADVANTAGE4 ,IT MI<T BE AN ADVANTAGE IF ONLY ! RUL]S ( SOCIETY W]E FOOD4 ,EXPLOSIVE GASES >E V]Y USEFUL = OP5+ MEANS ( COMMUNICATION BY BLA/+ ROCK1 BUT !Y >E P]NICI\S 9 BOMBS4 ,IRON IS USEFUL = PL[S BUT P]NICI\S = %ELLS & = PRISON B>S4  

,! ,PRESS MAY DISSEM9ATE GOOD FEEL+S & WISE ?\<TS BUT ) YET MORE SUCCESS1 ?AT :I* IS IMMORAL & FALSE4 ,! QUE/ION AS TO :E!R CIVILIZATION IS USEFUL OR O!RWISE DEP5DS UPON :E!R 9 A GIV5 SOCIETY GOOD PREVAILS OR EVIL4 ,9 \R SOCIETY :]E ! M9ORITY CRU%ES ! MAJORITY1 CIVILIZATION IS A GREAT EVIL4 ,IT IS M]ELY AN EXTRA WEAPON = ! OPPRESSION ( ! MASSES BY ! RUL+ M9ORITY4  

,IT IS TIME = US TO UND]/& ?AT \R SALVATION LIES1 NOT 9 CONT9U+ ALONG ! ROAD ON :I* WE HAVE BE5 MOV+1 & NOT 9 ! RET5TION ( :AT WE HAVE ELABORAT$1 BUT 9 ! RECOGNITION ?AT WE HAVE ADVANC$ ALONG A FALSE ROAD & HAVE 5T]$ A BOG \T ( :I* WE MU/ EXTRICATE \RSELVES1 & ?AT WE %\LD BE CONC]N$1 NOT 9 RETA9+ ?AT :I* WE HAVE1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 %\LD BOLDLY ?R[ ASIDE ALL ! MO/ USELESS ?+S WE HAVE BE5 DRAGG+ UPON \RSELVES1 SO ?AT 9 SOME WAY 7BE IT ON ALL F\RS7 WE MAY SCRAMBLE \T UPON A FIRM BANK4  

,A RATIONAL & RI<TE\S LIFE CONSI/S ONLY 9 MAN *OOS+ AMONG ! MANY ACTIONS OR PA?S BE=E HIM ! MO/ RATIONAL & GOOD4 ,*RI/IAN HUMANITY 9 ITS PRES5T CONDITION HAS BE=E IT ! *OICE ( TWO ?+S2 EI!R TO CONT9UE ON ! PA? 9 :I* EXI/+ CIVILIZATION WILL GIVE ! GREATE/ WELF>E TO ! FEW1 KEEP+ ! MANY 9 WANT & S]VITUDE1 OR ELSE AT ONCE1 )\T PO/PONEM5T TO SOME F> FUTURE1 TO AB&ON A PORTION OR EV5 ALL ?OSE ADVANTAGES :I* CIVILIZATION HAS ATTA9$ = ! FEW1 IF SU* ADVANTAGES H9D] ! LIB]ATION ( ! MAJORITY FROM S]VITUDE4 

,X 

,?AT M5 ( \R TIME TALK AB\T SEP>ATE LIB]TIES1 ! FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 ( ! ,PRESS1 ( CONSCI5CE1 ( ASSEMBLY1 ( ?IS OR ?AT K9D ( ELECTIONS1 ( ASSOCIATIONS1 ( LABOR1 & ( MU* ELSE1 CLE>LY DEMON/RATES ?AT SU* PEPLE- AS AT ! PRES5T TIME \R ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES2 POSSESS A V]Y FALLACI\S IDEA1 OR HAVE NO IDEA :ATEV] ( FRE$OM 9 G5]AL4 ,?AT SIMPLE FRE$OM1 :I* IS COMPREH5SIBLE TO ALL1 CONSI/S 9 !RE BE+ NO P[] OV] MAN DEM&+ FROM HIM ACTIONS CONTR>Y TO HIS DESIRES & ADVANTAGES4 

,9 ?IS NON-COMPREH5SION ( :AT CON/ITUTES FRE$OM & 9 ! CONSEQU5T IDEA ?AT ! P]MISSION ( C]TA9 PEOPLE TO DO C]TA9 ACTIONS IS FRE$OM1 LIES A GREAT & P]NICI\S ]ROR4 ,?IS ]ROR IS ?AT M5 ( \R TIMES IMAG9E ?AT ! S]VILE SUBJECTION TO VIOL5CE 9 :I* !Y /&1 9 RELATION TO ! ,GOV]NM5T1 IS A NATURAL POSITION & ?AT ! AU?ORIZATION BY GOV]NM5TAL P[] ( C]TA9 ACTIONS DEF9$ BY ?IS P[]1 IS FRE$OM2 SOME:AT AS IF SLAVES W]E TO REG>D AS FRE$OM ! P[]1 IS FRE$OM2 SOME:AT AS IF SLAVES W]E TO REG>D AS FRE$OM ! P]MISSION TO GO TO *UR* ON ,SUNDAYS1 OR TO BA! 9 HOT WEA!R1 OR 9 !IR LEISURE TIME TO M5D !IR CLO!S1 & SO =?4  

,ONE NE$ ONLY = ONE M9UTE REJECT E/ABLI%$ CU/OMS1 HABITS & SUP]/ITIONS1 & EXAM9E ! POSITION ( EV]Y MAN 9 ,*RI/5DOM1 :E!R BELONG+ TO ! MO/ DESPOTIC OR TO ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC ,/ATE1 9 ORD] TO BE HORRIFI$ AT ! SLAV]Y UND] :I* M5 >E N[ LIV+ :ILE IMAG9+ ?AT !Y >E FREE4 

,OV] EV]Y MAN1 :]EV] HE MAY HAVE BE5 BORN1 !RE EXI/S A GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS COMPLETELY UNKN[N TO HIM1 :O E/ABLI% ! LAW ( HIS LIFE4 ,:AT HE %\LD & :AT HE %\LD NOT DO4 ,! MORE P]FECT ! ,/ATE ORGANIZATION1 ! CLOS] IS ! NET ( !SE LAWS4 ,IT IS DEF9$ TO :OM & H[ HE %ALL SWE> ALLEGIANCE- TO :OM HE %ALL PROMISE TO FULFILL ANY LAWS ?AT MAY BE 9V5T$ & PROCLAIM$4 ,IT IS DEF9$ H[ & :5 HE %\LD M>RY 7HE MAY M>RY ONLY ONE WOMAN BUT HE MAY MAKE USE ( PRO/ITUTION72 IT IS DEF9$ H[ HE MAY DIVORCE HIS WIFE1 H[ HE %\LD MA9TA9 HIS *ILDR51 :I* ( !M HE %\LD REG>D AS LEGITIMATE1 :I* AS ILLEGITIMATE1 & FROM :OM & H[ HE %\LD 9H]IT & TO :OM TRANSMIT HIS PROP]TY4 ,IT IS DEF9$ = :AT TRANSGRESSIONS ( ! LAW & H[ & BY :OM HE %ALL BE JUDG$ & PUNI%$4 ,IT IS DEF9$ :5 HE MU/ HIMSELF APPE> 9 C\RT1 9 ! CAPACITY ( JUROR OR WITNESS4 ,! AGE AT :I* HE MAY MAKE USE ( ! LABOR ( ASSI/ANTS ( WORKM51 IS DEF9$1 & EV5 ! NUMB] ( H\RS A DAY :I* HIS ASSI/ANTS MAY WORK1 & ! FOOD HE MU/ GIVE !M2 IT IS DEF9$ :5 & H[ HE %\LD 9OCULATE PREV5TIVE DISEASES 9TO HIS *ILDR54 ,! ME?ODS >E DEF9$ :I* HE MU/ UND]TAKE1 & TO :I* HE MU/ SUBMIT 9 CASE ( ?IS OR ?AT DISEASE AFFLICT+ HIM1 HIS FAMILY OR HIS CATTLE4 ,! S*OOLS 9TO :I* HE MU/ S5D HIS *ILDR5 >E DEF9$ AS WELL AS ! PROPORTION & ! /ABILITY ( ! H\SE :I* HE MU/ BUILD1 ,IT IS DEF9$ H[ HE %\LD MA9TA9 HIS ANIMALS1 HORSES & DOGS1 H[ HE MU/ MAKE USE ( WAT]1 & :]E HE MAY WALK )\T A ROAD4 ,= ! NON-FULFILLM5T ( ALL !SE & MANY O!R LAWS ! PUNI%M5TS >E DEF9$4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO 5UM]ATE ALL ! LAWS UPON LAWS & RULES UPON RULES TO :I* HE MU/ SUBMIT1 & ! IGNORANCE ( :I* 7AL?\< IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO KN[ !M7 IS1 MOREOV]1 PLAC$ 9 SU* A POSITION ?AT 9 BUY+ EV]Y >TICLE :I* HE CONSUMES3 SALT1 BE]1 W9E1 CLO?1 IRON1 OIL1 TEA1 SUG>1 & SO ON1 HE MU/ SURR5D] A GREAT PORTION ( HIS LABOR = C]TA9 UND]TAK+S UNKN[N TO HIM1 & = ! PAY+ ( 9T]E/ ON DEBT CONTRACT$ BY SOMEBODY OR SURR5D] A P>T ( HIS LABOR ON ! OCCASION ( ANY REMOVAL FROM PLACE TO PLACE1 OR ( ANY 9H]ITANCE HE MAY COME 9TO1 OR ( ANY TRANSACTION :ATEV] ) HIS NEI<BOR4 ,FUR!R1 = ! PORTION ( ! L& HE OCCUPIES1 EI!R BY HIS ABODE OR BY CULTIVATION1 A YET MORE CONSID]ABLE P>T ( HIS LABOR IS DEM&$ FROM HIM1 SO ?AT IF HE LIV$ BY HIS [N LABOR & NOT BY ?AT ( O!RS ! GREAT] P>T ( HIS LABOR1 9/EAD ( BE+ US$ = ?AT ALLEVIATION & IMPROVEM5T ( HIS [N POSITION & ?AT ( HIS FAMILY1 GOES TO PAY !SE TAXES1 T>IFFS1 & MONOPOLIES4 

,MORE ?AN ?IS6 ,?IS MAN1 9 SOME ,/ATES 7! MAJORITY71 AS HE COMES ( AGE1 IS ORD]$ TO 5T] = SEV]AL YE>S ! MILIT>Y S]VICE1 ! MO/ CRUEL S]VITUDE1 & TO GO & FI<T1 & 9 O!R ,/ATES 7,BRITA9 & ,AM]ICA71 HE MU/ HIRE O!R PEOPLE = ?IS SAME PURPOSE4 ,YET PEOPLE PLAC$ 9 ?IS POSITION NOT ONLY FAIL TO SEE !IR [N SLAV]Y BUT >E PR\D ( IT1 REG>D+ !MSELVES AS FREE CITIZ5S ( ! GREAT ,/ATES ( ,BRITA91 ,FRANCE OR ,G]MANY2 !Y >E PR\D ( ?IS JU/ AS LACKEYS >E PR\D ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ! MA/]S !Y S]VE4  

"9,! ,V>ANGIANS W]E ,SW$I% ,VIK+S1 :OSE LEAD] ,RURIK WAS 9VIT$ BY ! ,SLAVONIC TRIBES ( ,RUSSIA TO RULE OV] !M 9 #h#f#b4 

"9"9,TOL/OY IS ?9K+ P>TICUL>LY ( ! ,D\KHOBORS1 CRUELLY P]SECUT$ = !IR REFUSAL TO OBEY ! ,/ATE1 P>TICUL>LY 9 RELATION TO MILIT>Y S]VICE4 ,HELP$ BY ,TOL/OY1 OV] SEV5 ?\S& ,D\KHOBORS EMIGRAT$ FROM ! ,CAUCASUS TO ,CANADA 9 #a#h#i#h4 ,KROPOTK9 ALSO TOOK UP !IR CAUSE4 

"9"9"9 ,TOL/OY HAD EVID5TLY NOT HE>D ( ! ,DIGG]S1 A DISSID5T RELIGI\S GR\P DUR+ ,CROMWELL'S COMMONWEAL? :O ALSO 9T]PRET$ ,*RI/IANITY FROM A HUMANI/ & AN>*I/ ANGLE4 ,9 HIS BOOK ,! ,NEW ,LAW ( ,RI<TE\SNESS1 ! ,DIGG]S0 LEAD]4 ,G]R>D  ,W9/ANLEY1 CALL$ UPON ! POOR TO OCCUPY & F>M ! COMMON L&1 & ATTEMPT$ TO PUT ?IS 9TO PRACTICE BY OCCUPY+ ,/ ,GEORGE'S ,HILL NE> ,WALTON-ON-,?AMES 9 #a#f#d#i1 A MOVE ?AT WAS QUICKLY REPRESS$ BY ,CROMWELL'S >MY4  

"9"9"9"9 ,SEE ,H4,G4 ,WELLS' DREAM ( A ,WORLD ,/ATE 9 ,M5 LIKE ,GODS & ,! ,%APE ( ,?+S TO ,COME 

"9"9"9"9"9,AGA91 IT W\LD BE POSSIBLE TO MISUND]/& ,TOL/OY'S 9T5TIONS & SEE ?IS PASSAGE AS A SIGN ( COMPLETE LACK ( CONC]N = CIVIL LIB]TIES4 ,TOL/OY H[EV] WROTE MANY LETT]S TO ! ,CZ> & O!R (FICIALS AB\T ! P]SECUTION ( CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS & AGA9/ ! DEA? P5ALTY = ?OSE CONDEMN$ = REVOLUTION>Y ACTS4 ,HIS 9T5TION H]E1 & 9 MANY ( HIS O!R ESSAYS1 IS TO %[ ?AT ! CON/ITUTIONAL OR RE=MI/ APPROA* --- HOP+ TO PRESSURE ! ,/ATE 9TO CONC$+ POLITICAL LIB]TIES --- IS DOOM$ TO FAILURE1 AS ! ,/ATE WILL NOT GIVE UP ITS P[] VOLUNT>ILY1 & 9 P>TICUL> WILL NOT ALL[ PUBLIC CONTROL ( ITS /RONGE/ >M1 ! SECRET POLICE4 ,TOL/OY >GUES 9 ! F9AL *APT] ( ?IS ESSAY ?AT !RE IS ONLY ONE FUNDAM5TAL FRE$OM --- ! FRE$OM TO LIVE )\T ,GOV]NM5T CO]CION1 IT IS ! ,/ATE1 & NOT PRIVATE 9DICIDUALS1 :I* MO/ VIOLATES ! FRE$OM & SECURITY ( ! CITIZ5S4 ,\R REC5T PA/ HAS CONFIRM$ ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( VIOLATIONS ( HUMAN RI<TS & CIVIL LIB]TIES ?R\<\T ! WORLD >E COMMITT$ BY (FICIAL 7BUT USUALLY D5IABLE OR UNACC\NTABLE7 ,/ATE BODIES1 FROM ! DEA? SQUADS ( ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA TO ! SECURITY & 9TELLIG5CE AG5CIES ( ! P[]FUL ,WE/]N ,AM]ICA NATIONS4 ,AS !SE BODIES >E ! ULTIMATE SUMMIT ( ! ,/ATE PYRAMID1 & C]TA9LY CONTROL & MANIPULATE ! ELECT$ GOV]NM5TS1 IT IS FUTILE TO EXPECT P>LIAM5T>Y PRESSURE TO SUCCE$ 9 CURB+ ! VIOLATIONS ( HUMAN RI<TS & CIVIL LIB]TIES --- SU* VIOLATIONS BE+ 9 ! V]Y NATURE ( ! ,/ATE4  

"9"9"9"9"9"9 ,:5 ASK$ :AT HE ?\<T ( ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION1 ,G&HI REPLI$3 0,I ?9K IT W\LD BE A V]Y GOOD IDEA4 

7,S\RCE3 ,PUBLI%$ BY ,WILLIAM ,HE9EMANN1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#f47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aie 3 ,! ,5D ( ! ,AGE -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bag 3 ,! ,5D ( ! ,AGE -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,5D ( ! ,AGE -- ,UPDAT$4 

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