,! ,FILL+ & ,BUR/+ ( ,B\RGEOIS ,CIVILISATION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,BATTAGLIA ,COMUNI/A ,NO4#b#c1 #a#i#e#a2 
,S\RCE3 HTTP3_/_/WWW4GEOCITIES4COM_/,CAPITOL,HILL_/,LOBBY_/#c#i#i_/BORDIGA4HTML2 
,H,T,M,L ,M>KUP3 ,&Y ,BLUND5 #b#c4 

,! FLOODS 9 ! ,PO VALLEY & ! CONFUS$ DEBATE OV] !IR CAUSES & 
OV] ! RESPONSIBILITY ( ORGANIZATIONS & PUBLIC BODIES ?AT DID NOT KN[ 
H[ TO C>RY \T PROTECTION WORK1 ) ALL ! DISGU/+ MUTUAL ACCUSATIONS ( 
0SPECULAT+0 ON MIS=TUNE1 PUTS 9TO QUE/ION ONE ( ! MO/ 
WIDESPREAD FALSE OP9IONS %>$ BY ALL ! CONT5D]S4 ,?IS IS ?AT 
CONTEMPOR>Y CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 ) ! CORRESPOND+ DEVELOPM5T ( SCI5CE1 
TE*NOLOGY & PRODUCTION1 PLACES ! HUMAN SPECIES 9 ! BE/ POSSIBLE 
POSITION TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! DIFFICULTIES ( ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T4 ,H5CE 
! CONT+5T FAULT ( ! GOV]NM5T OR ( ,P>TY ,A & ,B1 :I* LIES 9 NOT 
KN[+ H[ TO EXPLOIT ?IS MAGNIFIC5T POT5TIAL AT H&1 & 9 ! ]RONE\S 
& CULPABLE ADM9I/RATIVE & POLITICAL MEASURES4 ,H5CE ! NO LESS CLASSIC3 
0,MOVE OV]1 ,I WANT TO TAKE OV] N[60 

,IF IT IS TRUE ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL & ECONOMIC POT5TIAL ( ! CAPITALI/ 
WORLD IS 9CREAS+ & NOT DIM9I%+1 IT IS EQUALLY TRUE ?AT ! MORE 
VIRUL5T IT IS1 ! WORSE ! LIV+ CONDITIONS ( ! HUMAN MASS >E 9 
REG>DS TO NATURAL & HI/ORICAL CATACLYSMS4 ,UNLIKE ! P]IODIC SPATES ( 
RIV]S1 ! SPATE ( FR5ETIC CAPITAL ACCUMULATION KN[S NO P]SPECTIVE ( A 
0DECREASE01 ( A FALL+ CURVE FROM ! HYDROMET] READ+S1 BUT 
ONLY ! CATA/ROPHE ( ! RIV] BANKS BUR/+4 

,YE/]DAY 

,! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ?\S&S ( YE>S LONG DEVELOPM5T ( 
MAN'S PRODUCTION TE*NIQUE & RELATIONS ) ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T IS 
V]Y CLOSE4 ,PRIMITIVE MAN1 LIKE AN ANIMAL1 GA!R$ & ATE WILD FRUIT US+ A 
SIMPLE GRASP+ ACTION &1 LIKE AN ANIMAL1 FL$ HEADLONG FROM ! DISRUPTION 
( NATURAL PH5OM5A ?AT ?REAT5$ HIS LIFE4 ,AS ! >TIFICIAL PRODUCTION ( 
PRODUCTS = CONSUMPTION & ! ACCUMULATION ( RES]VES ( !SE PRODUCTS & 
( TOOLS =C$ HIM TO SETTLE1 SO TOO !Y =C$ HIM TO DEF5D HIMSELF FROM 
SU* ?REATS AS ! WEA!R.<#a.> 
& NATURAL DEVA/ATION4 ,SU* A DEF5SE1 NOT UNLIKE ?AT AGA9/ O!R GR\PS 
COMPET+ = ! BE/ SITE1 OR PR$ATORS ON ! ACCUMULAT$ RES]VE1 C\LD 
ONLY BE COLLECTIVE4 ,FROM !SE COLLECTIVE NE$S >OSE1 AS WE HAVE SE5 MANY 
TIMES1 CLASS DIVISION & EXPLOITATION BY RUL]S4 

,9 ,M>X 0! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION 444 IS BAS$ ON ! 
DOM9ION ( MAN OV] NATURE40.<#b.> ,IT ALSO PRESUPPOSES ! W> ( NATURE ON MAN4 ,A TOO G5]\S 
& LAVI% NATURE W\LD NOT BE ! FAVORABLE 5VIRONM5T :I* CAPITALISM 
C\LD SPR+ FROM4 

0,IT IS NOT ! M]E F]TILITY ( ! SOIL1 BUT ! DIFF]5TIATION ( 
! SOIL1 ! V>IETY ( ITS NATURAL PRODUCTS1 ! *ANGES ( ! SEASONS1 
:I* =M ! PHYSICAL BASIS = ! SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR444 ,IT IS ! 
NECESSITY ( BR++ A NATURAL =CE UND] ! CONTROL ( SOCIETY1 ( 
ECONOMIZ+1 ( APPROPRIAT+ OR SUBDU+ IT ON A L>GE SCALE BY ! WORK ( 
MAN'S H&1 ?AT FIR/ PLAYS ! DECISIVE P>T 9 ! HI/ORY ( 
9DU/RY4 ,EXAMPLES >E1 ! IRRIGATION WORKS 9 ,EGYPT1 ,LOMB>DY1 ,HOLL&1 OR 9 
,9DIA & ,P]SIA :]E IRRIGATION BY MEANS ( >TIFICIAL CANALS1 NOT ONLY 
SUPPLIES ! SOIL ) ! WAT] 9DISP5SABLE TO IT1 BUT ALSO C>RIES D[N TO 
IT1 9 ! %APE ( S$IM5T FROM ! HILLS1 M9]AL F]TILIZ]S4 ,! SECRET 
( ! FL\RI%+ /ATE ( 9DU/RY 9 ,SPA9 & ,SICILY UND] ! DOM9ION ( 
! ,>ABS LAY 9 !IR IRRIGATION WORKS444 ,ONE ( ! MAT]IAL BASES ( ! 
P[] ( ! /ATE OV] ! SMALL DISCONNECT$ PRODUC+ ORGANISMS 9 ,9DIA1 
WAS ! REGULATION ( ! WAT] SUPPLY4 ,! ,MAHOMETAN RUL]S ( ,9DIA 
UND]/OOD ?IS BETT] ?AN !IR ,5GLI% SUCCESSORS4 ,IT IS 5\< TO RECALL TO 
M9D ! FAM9E ( #a#h#f#f1 :I* CO/ ! LIVES ( MORE ?AN A MILLION ,H9DUS 9 
! DI/RICT ( ,ORISSA1 9 ! ,B5GAL PRESID5CY40 

,IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT SIMIL> FAM9ES HAVE RAG$ REC5TLY1 DESPITE ! 
TREM5D\S POT5TIAL ( WORLD CAPITALISM444 ,! /RUGGLE AGA9/ NATURE 
G5]ATES 9DU/RY2 MAN LIVES ON TWO SACR$ ,DANTESQUE ELEM5TS1 NATURE & >T 
7! ?IRD IS ,GOD74 ,CAPITALISM G5]ATES ! EXPLOITATION ( MAN FROM 9DU/RY4 
,! B\RGEOISIE WILL NOT BE REVOLT$ BY VIOL5CE AGA9/ ,GOD1 NATURE & 
>T4 

,V]Y MOD]N HI< CAPITALISM %[S S]I\S CASES ( RETREAT 9 ! /RUGGLE 
TO DEF5D AGA9/ ATTACKS BY ! =CES ( NATURE ON ! HUMAN SPECIES1 & ! 
REASONS >E /RICTLY SOCIAL & CLASS ONES1 SO MU* SO AS TO 9V]T ! 
ADVANTAGE D]IV$ FROM ! PROGRESS ( !ORETICAL & APPLI$ SCI5CE4 ,LET US 
WAIT !N TO BLAME IT = HAV+ 9CREAS$ ! RA9FALL 9T5SITY ) ATOMIC 
EXPLOSIONS OR1 TOMORR[1 ) HAV+ 0MESS$ AB\T0 ) NATURE SO 
MU* AS TO RISK MAK+ ! E>? & ITS ATMOSPH]E UN9HABITABLE & EV5 TO 
MAKE ! SKELETON EXPLODE BY PRIM+ 0*A9 REACTIONS0 ( ALL ! 
ELEM5TS 9 NUCLE> COMPLEXES4 ,= N[ LET US E/ABLI% A SOCIAL & ECONOMIC 
LAW = ! P>ALLEL BETWE5 ITS GREAT] EFFICI5CY 9 EXPLOIT+ LABOR & 
! LIFE ( M5 & ! EV] DECREAS+ EFFICI5CY 9 ! RATIONAL DEF5SE 
AGA9/ ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T1 9 ! WIDE/ S5SE4 

,! E>?'S CRU/ IS MODIFI$ BY GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES :I* MAN 
9CREAS+LY LE>NS TO DI/+UI% & DECREAS+LY ATTRIBUTES TO MY/]I\S 
WI%ES ( ANGRY =CES & :I*1 )9 C]TA9 LIMITS1 HE LE>NS TO CORRECT 
& CONTROL4 ,:51 9 PRE-HI/ORY1 ! ,PO VALLEY WAS A HUGE LAGOON ?R\< 
:I* ! ,ADRIATIC ,SEA LAPP$ ! FOO?ILLS ( ! ,ALPS1 ! FIR/ 9HABITANTS1 
:O EVID5TLY W]E NOT LUCKY 5\< TO BEG 0AMPHIBI\S CRAFT0 FROM 
SELF-9T]E/$ ,AM]ICAN *>ITY1 OCCUPI$ PILE-DWELL+S RIS+ ABOVE ! 
WAT]4 ,IT WAS A 0T]RAM>A0 CIVILIZATION ( :I* ,V5ICE IS A 
DI/ANT DEVELOPM5T2 IT WAS TOO SIMPLE = A 0RECON/RUCTION 
BUS9ESS0 TO BE BAS$ ON IT ) CONTRACTS TO SUPPLY TIMB]6 ,! 
PILE-DWELL+S DID NOT COLLAPSE DUR+ FLOODS3 MOD]N BRICK H\SES DO4 ,H[EV]1 
:AT MEANS EXI/ TODAY TO BUILD RAIS$ H\SES1 ROADS & RAILWAYS6 ,!Y W\LD 
SUFFICE TO PROTECT ! POPULATION4 ,UTOPIA6 ,! SUMS DO NOT TALLY1 :ILE ! 
ACC\NT ( #b BILLION LIRE = REPAIR WORKS & RECON/RUCTION IS QUITE 9 
ORD]4 

,9 ! PA/1 ! BUILD+ ( ! FIR/ EMBANKM5TS DATES BACK TO ! 
,ETRUSCANS4 ,! NATURAL PROCESS ( M\NTA9SIDE DEGRADATION & ! TRANSPORT ( 
MAT]IAL SUSP5D$ 9 RIV] WAT]S FROM ! M\NTA9S AT FLOOD TIME HAS =M$ 
A HUGE1 F]TILE L[L& REGION OV] ! C5TURIES4 ,?IS CONV5I5CE ASSUR$ ! 
SETTLEM5T ( AGRICULTURAL PEOPLES4 ,! SUBSEQU5T POPULATIONS & REGIMES 
CONT9U$ TO RAISE HI< EMBANKM5TS ALONG ! BANKS ( ! L>GE RIV]S1 :I* 
W]E 9SUFFICI5T TO /OP HUGE CATACLYSMS :5 ! RIV] %IFT$ ITS C\RSE4 
,! %IFT ( ! ,PO NE> ,GUA/ALLA ONTO A NEW C\RSE1 :I* WAS UNTIL !N ! 
L[E/ REA* ( ! ,OGLIO1 DATES FROM ! FIF? C5TURY4 

,9 ! ?IRTE5? C5TURY1 ! GREAT RIV] AB&ON$ ! S\!RN 
DI/RIBUTORY ( ! HUGE DELTA1 ! PRES5T-DAY SECOND>Y 0,PO DI 
,VOLANO01 9 ! REA* NE> ITS M\? & ADOPT$ ! PRES5T C\RSE FROM 
,PONTELAGOSCURO TO ! SEA4 ,! FRI<T5+ 0%IFTS0 HAVE ALWAYS 
BE5 FROM S\? TO NOR?4 ,A G5]AL LAW ASSUMES A T5D5CY = ALL ! 
WORLD'S RIV]S TO MIGRATE NOR?W>DS = GEOPHYSICAL REASONS4 ,H[EV]1 9 
! CASE ( ! ,PO1 ?IS LAW IS EVID5T DUE TO ! GREAT DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ITS 
NOR? & S\? BANK TRIBUT>IES4 ,! =M] RISE 9 ! ,ALPS & HAVE CLE> 
WAT] EI!R BECAUSE !Y PASS ?R\< L>GE LAKES1 OR BECAUSE !Y DO NOT HAVE 
A MAXIMUM REGIME DUR+ P]IODS ( HEAVY RA9FALL1 BUT 9/EAD DUR+ ! 
SPR+TIME MELT+ ( GLACI]S4 ,!RE=E !SE RIV]S DO NOT C>RY MUD & 
S& DEPOSITS 9TO ! C\RSE ( ! MA9 RIV] :5 9 FLOOD4 ,H[EV]1 FROM 
! S\?1 FROM ! ,AP5N9ES1 ! %ORT & TORR5TIAL RI<T BANK TRIBUT>IES 
) !IR HUGE V>IATIONS BETWE5 MAXIMUM & M9IMUM FL[ P\R D[N ! 
DEBRIS ( M\NTA9 ]OSION1 FILL+ 9 ! RI<T BANK SECTION ( ! ,PO'S 
*ANNEL1 :I* EV]Y SO (T5 ESCAPES ?IS DAMM+ BY TURN+ ,NOR?4 

,*AUV9ISM IS NOT REQUIR$ TO KN[ ?AT ! SCI5CE ( RIV] HYDRAULICS 
>OSE FROM ?IS PROBLEM3 = C5TURIES ! PROBLEM HAS BE5 POS$ ( ! 
UTILITY & FUNCTION+ ( EMBANKM5TS1 OR ! CONNECTION ) ! PROBLEM ( 
! DI/RIBUTION ( IRRIGATION WAT] VIA CANALS1 & F9ALLY ( RIV] 
NAVIGATION4 ,AFT] ! ,ROMAN WORKS1 9=MATION IS AVAILABLE AB\T ! FIR/ 
CANALS 9 ! ,PO VALLEY 9 #a#c#g4 ,AFT] ! VICTORY ( ,LEGNANO1.<#c.> ! ,MILANESE BUILT ! ,NAVIGLIO ,GR&E TO 
,ABBIATEGRASSO1 :I* WAS MADE NAVIGABLE 9 #a#b#g#a4 ,) ?IS >OSE CAPITALI/ 
AGRICULTURE1 ! FIR/ 9 ,EUROPE1 & ! GREAT HYDRAULIC WORKS W]E UND]TAK5 
BY /ATE BODIES3 FROM ! CANALS & BAS9S ( ,LEON>DO1 :O ALSO PROVID$ 
NORMS = ! RIV] REGIMES1 TO ! ,CAV\R ,CANAL1 BEGUN 9 #a#h#f4 

,! CON/RUCTION ( EMBANKM5TS TO CONTA9 RIV]S RAIS$ A MAJOR PROBLEM3 
?AT ( RAIS$ RIV]S4 ,:ILE ! ,ALP9E RIV]S1 SU* AS ! ,TIC9O & ,ADDA1 
RUN L>GELY BETWE5 NATURAL BANKS1 ! RI<T BANK TRIBUT>IES & ! ,PO BEL[ 
,CREMONA >E RAIS$3 ?IS MEANS ?AT NOT ONLY ! WAT] LEVEL1 BUT ALSO ! B$ 
( ! WAT] C\RSE IS HI<] ?AN ! SURR\ND+ C\NTRYSIDE4 ,! EMBANKM5TS 
SAVE IT FROM BE+ FLOOD$ & A COLLECTOR CANAL RUNS P>ALLEL TO ! RIV] TO 
COLLECT LOCAL WAT] :I* IT C>RIES TO ! RIV] D[N/REAM3 !SE >E ! 
GREAT RECLAMATION WORKS1 & AS !Y APPROA* ! SEA1 ! TRANSF] ( WAT] TO 
! RIV] IS P]=M$ ME*ANICALLY SO ?AT ! DI/RICTS :I* >E BEL[ NOT 
ONLY ! RIV]1 BUT ALSO ! SEA1 >E KEPT DRY4 ,! 5TIRE ,POLES9E IS A HUGE 
L[-LY+ >EA4 ,ADRIA IS #d MET]S ABOVE SEA LEVEL4 ,ROVIGO IS #e MET]S3 !RE 
! ,PO'S B$ IS HI<] & ! ,ADIGE'S EV5 MORE SO4 ,CLE>LY A 
BREA* 9 ! EMBANKM5TS W\LD TURN ! :OLE ( ,ROVIGO PROV9CE 9TO A HUGE 
LAKE4 

,!RE IS A MAJOR DEBATE AMONG HYDROLOGI/S AS TO :E!R ! RISE 9 ! 
B$S ( SU* RIV]S IS PROGRESSIVE4 ,FR5* HYDROLOGI/S SAID YES A C5TURY AGO 
:ILE ! LEAD]S ( ,ITALIAN HYDROLOGY OPPOS$ !M1 & ! MATT] IS /ILL 
DISCUSS$ 9 CONGRESSES TODAY4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ONE CANNOT D5Y ?AT ! RIV] 
LOAD & ITS DEPOSITION EXT5DS ! M\? \T TO SEA1 EV5 IF ?IS DOES NOT 
COLLECT 9 ! F9AL REA*ES ( ! RIV]'S B$4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS 
9CESSANT PROCESS1 ! GRADI5T ( ! B$ & ! WAT] SURFACE CAN ONLY 
DECREASE &1 ACCORD+ TO HYDROLOGICAL LAW1 ! SPE$ ( ! CURR5T EQUALLY 
FALLS3 H5CE ! NE$ TO RAISE EMBANKM5TS SEEM$ HI/ORICALLY 5DLESS & 
UNAVOIDABLE4 ,! DISA/R\S NATURE ( ! BREA*ES OCCURR+ IS ALSO 
PROGRESSIVE4 

,! AVAILABILITY ( MOD]N ME*ANICAL MEANS HAS CONTRIBUT$ 9 ?IS FIELD TO 
EXT5D+ ! ME?OD ( EXPLOIT+ L>GE >EAS ( ! MO/ F]TILE L&1 
KEEP+ !M DRY BY CONT9U\S PUMP+4 ,! RISK TO ! T5ANTS & WORK]S 
WORRIES A PR(IT ECONOMY1 BUT ! DAMAGE CAUS$ :5 ! WORKS FALL CAN BE 
BALANC$ AGA9/ ! F]TILIZATION BY ! 9VAD+ MUD ON ! ONE H& & ! 
ECONOMIC FACTOR ON ! O!R3 C>RY+ \T WORKS IS ALWAYS GOOD CAPITALI/ 
BUS9ESS4 

,! CLASSIC RECLAMATIONS BY ALLUVIATION W]E WIDESPREAD 9 ! MOD]N P]IOD 
ALONG ! 5TIRE ,ITALIAN L[L& COA/3 RIV] WAT] WAS ALT]NATELY ALL[$ TO 
FLOOD 9TO & DEPOSIT 9 ! GREAT BAS9S1 ! LEVEL ( :I* ROSE SL[LY ) 
! D\BLE ADVANTAGE ( NOT LETT+ USEFUL & F]TILE SOIL WA% \T TO SEA & 
( PROVID+ EV] GREAT] SECURITY FROM FLOOD+ & FUTURE DANG]4 ,?IS 
RATIONAL SY/EM WAS F\ND TO BE TOO SL[ = ! REQUIREM5TS ( CAPITAL 
9VE/M5T4 ,ANO!R T5D5TI\S >GUM5T WAS & IS DRAWN FROM ! CONT9U\SLY 
RIS+ POPULATION D5SITY :I* CANNOT P]MIT A LOSS ( F]TILE L&4 ,SO ALMO/ 
ALL ! OLD POLD]S1 C>EFULLY SURVEY$ ) PRECISION BY ! HYDROLOGI/S ( 
! ,AU/RIAN1 ,TUSCAN & ,B\RBON REGIMES1 HAVE BE5 DE/ROY$4 

,CLE>LY1 IF TODAY ONE HAD TO *OOSE FROM ! V>I\S RADICAL SOLUTIONS TO 
!SE PROBLEMS1 NOT ONLY W\LD ONE CLA% ) ! 9CAPACITY ( CAPITALISM TO 
LOOK TO ! DI/ANT FUTURE AS REG>DS ! H&+ D[N ( 9/ALLATIONS FROM 
G5]ATION TO G5]ATION1 BUT ONE W\LD ALSO CLA% ) ! /RONG LOCAL 
9T]E/S ( F>M]S & 9DU/RIALI/S :O HAVE AN 9T]E/ 9 NOT HAV+ 
V>I\S ZONES ]OD$ & :O PLAY ON ! ATTA*M5T ( POOR PEOPLE TO !IR 
9HOSPITABLE HOMES4 ,S9CE A :ILE BACK1 NEW SOLUTIONS HAVE BE5 PROPOS$ TO 
CREATE 0LAT]AL *ANNELS0 = ! ,PO4 

,?IS TYPE ( /UDY IS ALWAYS UNPOPUL> BECAUSE ! RESULTS =ECA/ >E 
UNC]TA91 SOME?+ :I* CREATES GREAT ANNOYANCE 9 BUS9ESS CIRCLES4 ,ONE 
SOLUTION1 ON ! RI<T1 CONSI/S 9 A CUT FROM ,PONTELAGOSCURO TO ! VALLEYS OR 
LAGOONS ( ,COMAC*IO3 ! >TIFICIAL CANAL W\LD CUT AB\T ONE ?IRD (F ! 
L5G? ( ! PRES5T RIV] C\RSE TO ! SEA4 ,SU* A SOLUTION CLA%ES ) ! 
BIG 9VE/M5TS 9 ,F]R>ESE RECLAMATION WORKS & ) FI% F>M+1 SO IT 
W\LD BE RESI/$4 ,BUT ! SOLUTIONS ) MORE =ESI<T & :I* P]HAPS >E 
MORE 9 CON=MITY ) NATURAL PROCESSES CALL = ! REUNIT+ ( ! ,PO & 
,ADIGE C\RSES BETWE5 :I* LIES ! L[] ,POLESANA1 CREAT+ 9 ITS ,?ALWEG1.<#d.> PRES5TLY CRISS-CROSS$ BY SMALL 
WAT] C\RSES1 A HUGE COLLECTOR &1 P]HAPS1 9 ! F9AL C\NT1 A SIDE CANAL 
= ONE IF NOT BO? RIV]S W\LD 5C\NT] NO LESS RESI/ANCE4 

,9 ! B\RGEOIS P]IOD1 SU* A /UDY DOES NOT LEAD TO POSITIVE RESE>*1 
BUT TO TWO 0POLICIES01 RI<T & LEFT1 AS REG>DS ! ,PO1 ) ! 
RELAT$ CONFLICT BETWE5 SPECULAT+ GR\PS4 

,TODAY 

,!RE IS DISCUSSION AS TO :E!R ! PRES5T CATA/ROPHE1 9 :I* SOME 
HAVE ALREADY SE5 ! NATURAL =MATION ( A L>GE /ABLE SWAMP & A %IFT+ 
( ! ,PO'S C\RSE ) ! TOTAL DE/RUCTION ( ! NOR? BANK1 IS DUE 
TO EXCEPTIONAL RA9FALL & ! COMPLICITY ( NATURAL CAUSES1 OR TO ! 
9EXP]I5CE & ! ]ROR ( M5 & DIRECTORS4 ,9DISPUTABLY ! SUCCESSION ( 
W>S & CRISES HAVE CAUS$ DECADES ( NEGLECT 9 ! DIFFICULT S]VICE ( 
TE*NICAL 9SPECTION & EMBANKM5T MA9T5ANCE1 DR$G+ ( RIV] B$S :]E 
NECESS>Y & ! SY/EMATIZATION ( HI< M\NTA9 BAS9S1 ! DE=E/ATION ( 
:I* CAUS$ GREAT] & MORE RAPID RA9 WAT] RUN-(F DUR+ HI< WAT] & 
GREAT] FL[S ( SUSP5D$ MAT]IAL TO ! RIV] C\RSES ON ! PLA94 

,) ! BAD TR5D ?AT N[ PREVAILS 9 SCI5CE & (FICIAL TE*NICAL 
ORGANIZATION1 IT IS EV5 DIFFICULT TO COLLECT & TO COMP>E UDOMETRIC DATA 
7AM\NT ( RA9FALL ON V>I\S DATES 9 ! BAS9 :I* FE$S ! RIV]7 & 
HYDROMETRIC DATA 7WAT] LEVELS AT ! HYDROMET]S1 MAXIMUM FL[7 ) ?OSE ( 
! PA/4 ,(FICES & SCI5TI/S ) SELF-RESPECT N[ (F] REPLIES 9 L9E 
) POLITICAL REQUIREM5TS & REASONS ( /ATE1 ?AT IS1 ACCORD+ TO ! 
EFFECT ?AT !Y WILL HAVE1 ! FIGURES HAV+ BE5 MASSAG$ 9 EV]Y POSSIBLE 
WAY4 ,ONE CAN ALSO WELL BELIEVE ! CURR5T ( CRITICISM :I* /ATES ?AT NOT 
EV5 ! OBS]VATION /ATIONS DE/ROY$ DUR+ ! W> HAVE BE5 REPLAC$1 & 
IT IS ALSO CR$IBLE ?AT \R PRES5T TE*NICAL BUREAUCRACY WORKS ) OLD MAPS1 
PASS$ ALONG COPY BY COPY1 DRAGG+ ALONG SL[LY OV] ! DRAW+ TABLES ( ! 
LAZY TE*NICAL P]SONNEL1 & ?AT IT DOES NOT UPDATE ! SURVEYS ) NEW 
ALTITUDE SURVEYS1 :I* >E DIFFICULT1 & ) OP]ATIONS ( GEODETIC 
PRECISION1 :I* ALL[ ONE TO COLLATE ! V>I\S DATA ( ! PH5OM5ON4 ,IT 
LIVES 9 MASSES ( MAPS :I* >E 9 L9E ) APPROVALS GIV5 9 CIRCUL>S 9 
T]MS ( =MAT & COLOR1 BUT DO NOT GIVE A T9K]'S CUSS = PHYSICAL 
REALITY4 ,! FIGURES H&$ \T H]E & !RE = ! POPUL> PRESS 
DON'T ADD UP1 BUT IT IS TOO EASY TO BLAME ! J\RNALI/S :O KN[ ALL 
AB\T NO?+4 

,IT !RE=E REMA9S TO BE SE5 -- & ?OSE MOVEM5TS ) WIDE 
SUPPORT & PL5TIFUL MEANS C\LD WELL TRY TO DO ?IS -- IF ! 9T5SITY 
( RA9FALL REALLY WAS ! HI<E/ 9 A C5TURY ( OBS]VATION3 IT IS CORRECT 
TO D\BT IT4 ,! SAME GOES = ! HYDROMET] READ+S = ! MAXIMUM LEVELS 
& FL[S3 IT IS EASY TO SAY ?AT ! HI/ORICAL MAXIMUM WAS RECORD$ AT 
,PONTELAGOSCURO AT #a#a1 CUBIC MET]S P] SECOND BUT N[ HAS PRES5TLY RIS5 TO 
#a#c14 ,9 #aiag & #aibf !RE W]E V]Y L>GE MAXIMA ( MU* LESS] 
CONSEQU5CE1 ALWAYS 9 SPR+1 UP TO #a#c1#h CUBIC MET]S P] SECOND PASS+ 
?R\< ,PIAC5ZA4 

,LET US SAY )\T DWELL+ FUR!R ON ! MATT] ?AT ! RA9FALL WAS 
C]TA9LY NOT ( UNHE>D ( PROPORTIONS & ! *IEF RESPONSIBILITY = ! 
DISA/] LIES 9 ! LONG LACK ( NECESS>Y S]VICES & 9 ! OMISSION ( 
MA9T5ANCE & IMPROVEM5T WORKS1 :I* IS RELAT$ TO ! SMALL] PUBLIC 
BUDGET = SU* WORKS & ! WAY MONEY WAS SP5T COMP>$ TO ! PA/4 

,IT IS A MATT] ( PROVID+ A CAUSE = !SE FACTS1 :I* MU/ BE A SOCIAL 
& HI/ORICAL CAUSE1 & IT IS PU]ILE TO BR+ UP AGA9 ! 0BAD 
MANAGEM5T0 ( ?OSE :O W]E OR >E AT ! HELM ( ! ,ITALIAN %IP ( 
/ATE4 ,BESIDES1 ?IS IS NOT A UNIQUELY ,ITALIAN PH5OM5ON1 BUT OCCURS 9 ALL 
C\NTRIES4 ,ADM9I/RATIVE *AOS1 ?IEV+1 ! P5ETRATION ( SPECULATION 9TO 
PUBLIC DECISION MAK+ >E N[ D5\NC$ BY ! CONS]VATIVES !MSELVES1 & 
9 ,AM]ICA !Y HAVE BE5 RELAT$ TO PUBLIC DISA/]S3 EV5 !RE ULTRA-MOD]N 
CITIES 9 ,KANSAS & ,MISS\RI HAVE FALL5 VICTIM TO BADLY REGULAT$ RIV]S4.<#e.> 

,TWO MI/AK5 IDEAS UND]LIE A CRITIQUE LIKE ! ONE WE HAVE JU/ M5TION$4 
,ONE IS ?AT ! /RUGGLE TO RETURN FROM ! FASCI/ DICTATOR%IP )9 ! 
B\RGEOISIE 7! DICTATOR%IP ( ! B\RGEOISIE HAS EXI/$ S9CE IT WON 
FRE$OM7 TO ! EXT]NAL MULTIP>TY DEMOCRACY HAD AS ITS AIM A BETT] 
ADM9I/RATION1 :]EAS IT IS CLE> ?AT IT HAD TO LEAD1 & HAS L$1 TO A 
WORSE ADM9I/RATION4 ,?IS IS ! FAULT COMMON TO ,A,L,L %ADES 9 ! GREAT BLOCK 
( ! ,C,L,N4.<#f.> 

,! O!R 9CORRECT IDEA IS ! BELIEF ?AT ! TOTALIT>IAN =M ( ! 
CAPITALI/ REGIME 7( :I* ,ITALIAN FASCISM WAS ! FIR/ GREAT EXAMPLE7 GAVE 
OV]:ELM+ P[] TO ! /ATE BUREAUCRACY AGA9/ ! AUTONOM\S 9ITIATIVES 
( 5T]PRISES & PRIVATE SPECULATION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?IS =M IS VITAL = 
CAPITALISM'S SURVIVAL & ?AT ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASS AT A C]TA9 /AGE4 
,IT CONC5TRATES C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y P[]S 9 ! /ATE MA*9E1 BUT R5D]S 
! ADM9I/RATIVE MA*9E WEAK] & MORE OP5 TO MANIPULATION BY SPECULATIVE 
9T]E/S4 

,H]E WE NE$ A HI/ORICAL SKET* ( ! ,ITALIAN ADM9I/RATIVE MA*9E FROM 
! EPO* ( ! A*IEVEM5T ( NATIONAL UNITY4 ,9ITIALLY IT WORK$ WELL & 
HAD /RONG P[]S4 ,ALL ! FAVORABLE CONDITIONS CONTRIBUT$ TO ?IS4 ,! Y\NG 
B\RGEOISIE HAD TO PASS ?R\< ! H]OIC PHASE & TO MAKE SACRIFICES 9 
ORD] TO SEIZE P[] & TO AFFIRM ITS 9T]E/S4 ,!RE=E ! 9DIVIDUAL 
ELEM5TS W]E /ILL PREP>$ TO (F] !IR ALL & W]E LESS ATTRACT$ BY 
IMM$IATE HIDD5 GA94 ,FUR!R RESOLUTE 5?USIASM WAS NE$$ TO LIQUIDATE ! 
RESI/ANCE ( ! OLD P[]S & ( ! RU/$ /ATE MA*9ES ( ! V>I\S 
P>TS 9TO :I* ! C\NTRY WAS ORIG9ALLY DIVID$ POLITICALLY4 

,!RE WAS NO NOTABLE DIVISION 9TO P>TIES AS ! SOLE P>TY ( ! LIB]AL 
REVOLUTION GOV]N$ 7VIRG9 9 #a#h#f1 OLD SLAG 9 #a#i#d#c7 ) ! CLE> 
ACQUIESC5CE ( ! FEW REPUBLICANS & ) ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T YET TO 
APPE>4 ,! SW9DLES BEGAN ) ! BI-P>TY TRANS=MISMO ( #a#h#g#f4.<#g.> ,! SKELETON ( ! BUREAUCRACY 
COM+ FROM ,PI$MONT FOLL[+ CLOSE ON ! HEELS ( ! MILIT>Y =CES ( 
OCCUPATION 5JOY$ A REAL DICTATOR%IP OV] ! LOCAL ELEM5TS & ! 
>I/OCRATIC1 & CL]ICAL1 OPPON5TS W]E REPRESS$ BY EM]G5CY P[]S444 AS 
!Y W]E GUILTY ( ANTI-LIB]ALISM4 ,UND] SU* CONDITIONS1 A Y\NG1 
CONSCI5TI\S & HONE/ ADM9I/RATIVE MA*9E WAS CON/RUCT$4 

,! BUREAUCRACY SUFF]$ A TW9 ATTACK ON ITS UNCORRUPT DOM9ANCE ) ! 
CAPITALI/ SY/EM'S DEVELOPM5T 9 DEP? & EXT5SION4 ,! GREAT 
5TREPR5EURS ( PUBLIC WORKS & ( PRODUCTIVE SECTORS AID$ BY ! /ATE 
EM]G$ 9 ! ECONOMIC FIELD1 :ILE 9 ! POLITICAL FIELD1 ! SPREAD ( 
CORRUPTION TO P>LIAM5T>Y BUS9ESS BECAME SU* ?AT EV]Y DAY 0! 
PEOPLE'S REPRES5TATIVES0 9T]V5$ TO IMP+E ON ! DECISIONS ( 
! EXECUTIVE SY/EM & G5]AL ADM9I/RATION1 :I* PREVI\SLY HAD 
FUNCTION$ ) SCRUPUL\S IMP]SONALITY & IMP>TIALITY4 

,PUBLIC WORKS1 :I* PREVI\SLY HAD BE5 PUT 9 PLACE BY ! MO/ COMPET5T1 
:O W]E NAIVELY PLEAS$ TO HAVE A REGUL> SAL>Y AS GOV]NM5T FUNCTION>IES1 
& :O W]E :OLLY 9DEP5D5T 9 !IR JUDGM5TS & ADVICE1 BEGAN TO BE 
IMPOS$ BY ! EXECUTION]S3 WE MEAN ! CLASSICAL ,C>ROZONI.<#h.> BEGAN TO DO ! R\NDS4 ,! MA*9E ( /ATE 
EXP5DITURE BECAME DECREAS+LY USEFUL = ! COMMUNITY1 BUT ALL ! MORE 
F9ANCIALLY BURD5SOME4 

,?IS PROCESS ACCEL]AT$ DUR+ ! ,GIOLITTIAN P]IOD.<#i.>1 BUT NEV]!LESS 9CREAS+ ECONOMIC 
PROSP]ITY MADE ! DAMAGE LESS OBVI\S4 ,?IS SY/EM1 AS ITS POLITICAL 
MA/]PIECE1 SL[LY 5TANGL$ ! EM]G+ WORK]S' P>TY4 ,PRECISELY 
BECAUSE ,ITALY HAS AN ABUNDANCE ( LABOR P[] & A LACK ( CAPITAL1 ALL SIDES 
CALL ON ! /ATE TO PROVIDE WORK1 & ! ,M,P :O SEEKS VOTES 9 AN 9DU/RIAL 
OR AGRICULTURAL CON/ITU5CY DOES ! R\NDS ( ! M9I/RIES HUNT+ = ! 
PANACEA3 PUBLIC WORKS4 

,AFT] ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 ! ,ITALIAN B\RGEOISIE1 EV5 ?\< !Y CAME 
\T 0W9N]S01 SAW ! FAVORABLE W9D ( ! H]OIC P]IOD *ANGE 
TOO DRA/ICALLY & SO !RE WAS FASCISM4 ,! CONC5TRATION ( ! POLIC+ 
/R5G? ( ! /ATE ALONG ) ! CONC5TRATION ( ! CONTROL ( ALMO/ ALL 
! ECONOMIC SECTORS SIMULTANE\SLY ALL[$ IT TO AVOID ! EXPLOSION ( 
RADICAL REVOLTS AMONG ! MASSES & TO ASSURE FREE SPECULATIVE MANEUV]+ = 
! WELL-(F CLASS1 ON CONDITION ?AT ! LATT] =M$ ITSELF 9TO A S+LE 
CLASS C5T] )9 ! FRAMEWORK ( GOV]NM5T POLICY4 ,EV]Y M$IUM OR SMALL 
EMPLOY] WAS COMPELL$ TO MAKE RE=MI/ CONCESSIONS1 CALL$ = DUR+ ! 
LONG /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS :I* 7AS USUAL7 !Y 
DE/ROY$1 /EAL+ !IR PROGRAM1 SO ?AT :ILE A HI< DEGREE ( CAPITALI/ 
CONC5TRATION WAS FAVOR$1 ! 9T]NAL SITUATION WAS PACIFI$4 ,! 
TOTALIT>IAN =M ALL[S CAPITAL TO SET 9 MOTION ! RE=MI/ TRICK ( ! 
PREVI\S DECADES1 LAT*+ ON TO ! CLASS COLLABORATION PROPOS$ BY ! 
TRAITORS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY4 

,! LEAD]%IP ( ! /ATE MA*9E & ABUNDANT SPECIAL LAWS W]E CLE>LY 
PLAC$ 9 ! S]VICE ( BUS9ESS 9ITIATIVES4 ,! TE*NICAL LEGISLATION 
-- TO RETURN TO \R />T+ PO9T1 DEAL+ ) RIV]S -- :I* 
>\ND #ahfe HAD PRODUC$ SEV]AL MA/]PIECES1 WAS N[ R$UC$ TO A TOTAL 
HOT*POT* OP5 TO ALL POSSIBLE MANEUV]S1 ! FUNCTION>Y BE+ R$UC$ TO A 
PUPPET ( ! L>GE FIRMS4 ,! HYDROLOGICAL S]VICES W]E PRECISELY ?OSE 
CLA%+ ) ! FAM\S IDEA ( PRIVATE 9ITIATIVE4 ,!Y REQUIRE A S+LE 
9/ITUTION & FULL P[]S -- !Y HAD A V]Y LONG TRADITION4 ,JAC9I 
WROTE 9 #a#h#e#d4 ,! CIVIL PROBLEM ( ! WAT]S F\ND 9 ,GI&OM5ICO ,ROMAGNOSI 
AN IMMORTAL WRIT] ( TREATISES4.<#a.> ,ALL 9 ALL1 B\RGEOIS ADM9I/RATION & TE*NOLOGY HAD EV5 
!N CLASS GOALS1 BUT !Y W]E S]I\S1 :ILE TODAY !Y >E M]E 
BAGATELLE4 

,?IS L$ TO ! BAD TR5D :I* HAS CAUS$ ! DEGRADATION & NOT ! 
IMPROVEM5T ( ! HYDRAULIC DEF5SES 9 ! ,PADUAN PLA91 />T+ FROM A 
PROCESS NOT CONC]N+ JU/ ONE P>TY OR NATION1 BUT ! C5TURIES LONG UPS & 
D[NS ( A CLASS REGIME4 

,9 %ORT1 IF ONCE ! BUREAUCRACY1 9DEP5D5T BUT NOT OMNIPOT5T1 LAID \T 
ITS PROJECT ON ! DRAW+ BO>D & !N CALL$ 9 BIDS FROM PUBLIC WORKS 
05T]PRISES01 COMPELL+ !M1 REFUS+ EV5 ! (F] ( A CUP ( 
C(FEE1 TO COMPLETE !M RIGOR\SLY1 ?US AT MO/ ! SELECTION ( ! FUND$ 
WORKS WAS MADE ACCORD+ TO G5]AL PR9CIPLES1 TODAY ! RELATION%IP IS 
9V]T$4 ,! WEAK & S]VILE TE*NICAL BUREAUCRACY LETS ! 5T]PRISES 
!MSELVES DRAW UP ! PLANS & APPROVES !M ALMO/ UNSE51 & ! 
5T]PRISES OBVI\SLY SELECT ! PR(ITABLE WORKS & DROP ! DELICATE 
OP]ATIONS :I* REQUIRE MORE DILIG5CE & (F] LESS *ANCE ( REPETITION 9 
! FUTURE4 

,?IS DOES NOT HAPP5 BECAUSE ( MORALITY1 NOR EV5 BECAUSE 9 G5]AL ! 
FUNCTION>Y GIVES WAY TO COMPETITION & L>GE BRIBES4 ,IT IS ?AT IF A 
FUNCTION>Y RESI/S1 NOT ONLY DOES HIS WORKLOAD 9CREASE T5-FOLD1 BUT ALSO ! 
9T]E/S AGA9/ :OM HE CLA%ES MOBILIZE AGA9/ HIM ) DECISIVE P>TY 
9FLU5CE 9 ! HI<] E*ELONS ( ! M9I/RY ?AT EMPLOYS HIM4 ,ONCE ! 
MO/ CAPABLE TE*NICIAN GA9$ PROMOTION1 N[ IT IS ! ONE MO/ ABLE TO MOVE 
9 SU* A SY/EM4 

,:5 S+LE P>TY FASCISM GAVE WAY TO ! MULTI-P>TY SY/EM UNKN[N EV5 9 
,GIOLITTIAN ,ITALY1 EV5 9 ! CON/ITUTIONAL MODEL ( P]FECT ,5GL&1 & SO 
ON 7:]E WE HAVE NEV] HAD T5 P>TIES DECL>$LY READY TO GOV]N ACCORD+ TO 
! CON/ITUTION1 BUT AT MO/ TWO OR ?REE71 ?+S W5T FROM BAD TO WORSE4 
,!Y W]E SUPPOS$ TO RE/ORE ! EXP]TS & ! HONE/ M5 ) ! ,ALLI$ 
>MIES4 ,:AT A SILLY HOPE SO MANY HAD3 ! NEW *ANG+ ( ! GU>D HAS 
PRODUC$ ! WOR/ ( ALL GU>DS1 AS ON ! ,PO EMBANKM5TS4 

,IT IS SYMPTOMATIC 5\< 9 DIAGNOS+ ! PRES5T PHASE ( ! CAPITALI/ 
REGIME ?AT A S5IOR (FICIAL 9 ! ,M9I/RY ( ,WORKS LET SLIP ?AT ! FLOOD 
SURVEILLANCE S]VICES WORK$ WELL RI<T UP TO ! FATAL MOM5T3 ! ONLY MOM5T 
= :I* !Y >E PAID A REGUL> SAL>Y4 ,?IS IS ! /YLE ( MOD]N 
BUREAUCRACY 7= SOME ! NEW RUL+ CLASS6 ,RUL+ CLASSES >RIVE ) GAP+ 
M\?S1 BUT NOT ) A FAIL+ HE>T74 

,NO LESS 9T]E/+ IS :AT ,ALB]TO DE ,/EFANI WROTE1 5TITL$ 0,! 
,MANAGEM5T ( ! ,PO04.<#a#a.> ,AFT] \TL9+ ! HI/ORY ( MEASURES TAK51 HE CIT$ ! 
JUDGM5T ( AU?ORS 9 TE*NICAL J\RNALS3 0,ONE CAN NEV] 9SI/ TOO 
MU* ON ! NE$ TO REACT AGA9/ ! SY/EM ( CONC5TRAT+ ! ACTIVITY ( 
! (FICES EXCLUSIVELY1 OR NE>LY SO1 ON ! PROJECTION & EXECUTION ( MAJOR 
WORKS40 

,DE ,/EFANI DID NOT SEE ! RADICAL IMPLICATION ( SU* A CRITIQUE4 ,HE 
DEPLOR$ ! NEGLECT ( CONS]VATION & MA9T5ANCE ( EXI/+ WORKS1 :ILE 
NEW WORKS W]E BE+ PLANN$4 ,HE CIT$ O!R PASSAGES3 0,ONE SP5DS T5S 
( BILLIONS 7& TOMORR[ HUNDR$S7 = EXT5SIONS AFT] SY/EMATICALLY 
GRUDG+ & )HOLD+ ?OSE SMALL AM\NTS REQUIR$ = MA9T5ANCE & EV5 
TO CLOSE BREA*ES40 

,?AT SEEMS TO HAVE HAPP5$ ON ! ,R5O4 ,AN ECONOMI/ ( ,DE ,/EFANI'S 
CALIB] SCRAPES BY ) SAY+3 0,WE HAVE TOO LITTLE CONS]VATIVE SPIRIT 
DUE TO TOO MU* UNCONTROLL$ FANTASY40 

,IS IT ?US P]HAPS A FACTOR ( NATIONAL PSY*OLOGY8 ,NEV]3 ( CAPITALI/ 
PRODUCTION4 ,CAPITAL HAS BECOME 9CAPABLE ( ! SOCIAL FUNCTION ( TRANSMITT+ 
! LABOR ( ! PRES5T G5]ATION TO ! FUTURE ONES1 UTILIZ+ ! LABOR 
( PA/ G5]ATIONS 9 ?IS4 ,IT DOES NOT WANT MA9T5ANCE CONTRACTS1 BUT HUGE 
BUILD+ DEALS4 ,TO 5ABLE ?IS1 HUGE NATURAL CATACLYSMS >E 9SUFFICI5T 
-- CAPITAL CREATES HUMAN ONES ) 9ELUCTABLE NECESSITY1 & MAKES 
PO/W> RECON/RUCTION 0! BUS9ESS DEAL ( ! C5TURY04 

,!SE CONCEPTS HAVE TO BE APPLI$ TO ! CRITIQUE ( ! BASE1 DEMAGOGIC 
POSITION ( ! ,ITALIAN SO-CALL$ WORK]S' P>TIES4 ,:5 SPECULATION & 
CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE >E GIV5 ! CAPITAL TO 9VE/ 9 HYDRAULIC WORKS :I* 
IS N[ COMMITT$ TO >MAM5TS1 CAPITALI/ 5T]PRISE 7EXCEPT TO CAUSE A CRISIS 
AMONG ! PSEUDO-R$S ( ! METALLURGICAL C5T]S1 IF ! BUS9ESS W]E REALLY 
TO BE UND]TAK57 WILL USE ?AT CAPITAL 9 ! SAME WAY3 *EAT+ & 
SPECULAT+ AT ONE ?\S& P]C5T1 RAIS+ !IR GLASSES HI< TO ! COM+ 
IF NOT ( ! NEXT W>1 !N ( ! NEXT FLOOD4 

,! HUGE RIV] ( HUMAN HI/ORY ALSO HAS ITS IRRESI/IBLE & ?REAT5+ 
SWELL+S4 ,:5 ! WAVE RISES1 IT WA%ES AGA9/ ! TWO RETA9+ 
EMBANKM5TS3 ON ! RI<T ! CON=MI/ ONE1 ( ,CONS]VATION ( EXI/+ & 
TRADITIONAL =CES2 ALONG IT PRIE/S *ANT 9 PROCESSION1 POLICEM5 & 
G5D>MES PATROL1 ! TEA*]S & CANTORS ( (FICIAL LIES & /ATE-S*OOL+ 
PRATE4 

,! LEFT BANK IS ?AT ( ! RE=MI/S1 H$G$ ) 
0PEOPLE'S0 REPRES5TATIVES1 ! DEAL]S 9 OPPORTUNISM1 ! 
P>LIAM5T>IANS & PROGRESSIVE ORGANIZ]S4 ,EX*ANG+ 9SULTS ACROSS ! 
/REAM1 BO? PROCESSIONS CLAIM TO HAVE ! RECIPE TO MA9TA9 ! FA/-FL[+ 
RIV] 9 ITS RE/RA9$ & 5=C$ *ANNEL4 

,BUT AT GREAT TURN+ PO9TS1 ! CURR5T BREAKS FREE & LEAVES ITS C\RSE1 
0%IFT+0 LIKE ! ,PO AT ,GUA/ALLA & ,VOLANO ONTO AN UNEXPECT$ 
C\RSE1 SWEEP+ ! TWO SORDID B&S 9TO ! IRRESI/IBLE FLOOD ( ! 
REVOLUTION :I* SUBV]TS ALL OLD =MS ( RE/RA9T1 MOLD+ A NEW FACE ON 
SOCIETY LIKE ON ! L&4 

,FOOTNOTES 

.<#a.> 
,PUBLI%]'S NOTE -- IT ACTUALLY SAYS 0METEORE0 
7METEORITES7 9 ! ORIG9AL ,ITALIAN4 ,WE CANNOT BELIEVE ?AT ,BORDIGA 
& HIS COMRADES C\LD HAVE BE5 /UPID 5\< TO WRITE ?IS -- 
EV5 HUMANS TODAY CANNOT DEF5D !MSELVES AGA9/ METEORITES1 & IT 
IS NOT JU/ BECAUSE ( ! IRRATIONALITIES ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM6 ,WE 
!RE=E HAVE ASSUM$ ?AT A MI/AKE WAS MADE & ! ORIG9AL 9T5T 
WAS TO MAKE SOME REF]5CE TO 0METEOROLOGICO0 
7METEOROLOGICAL7 PH5OM5A4 

.<#b.> 
,CAPITAL1 ,VOL ,I1 ,*APT] #af 7,! ,5GLI% $ITION ( #a#h#h#g74 ,! 
FOLL[+ QUOTATION IS FROM ! SAME SECTION 

.<#c.> 
,9 #aagf ! ,LOMB>D ,COMMUNES DEFEAT$ ! ,EMP]OR ,B>B>OSSA AT ,LEGNANO4 

.<#d.> 
,L9E :]E OPPOSITE SLOPES  

.<#e.> ,FLOODS 9 ,JUNE & ,JULY 9 ,KANSAS & 
,MISS\RI CAUS$ DOZ5S ( DEA?S & LEFT MANY HOMELESS4 

.<#f.> 
,COMITATO DI ,LIB]AZIONE ,NAZIONALEA ! ANTIFASCI/ FRONT T[>DS ! 
5D ( ! SECOND WORLD W>1 GO+ FROM ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO ! 
MON>*I/S4 

.<#g.> 
,ON #ah ,M>* #a#h#g#f1 ! LA/ 0DE/RA0 GOV]NM5T FELL & ! 
0S9I/RA01 BAS$ ON REGIONAL 9T]E/S1 TOOK OV]4 ,!RE 
WAS1 H[EV]1 LITTLE POLITICAL DIFF]5CE AS ! TWO P>TIES 
TRANS=M$ 9TO TWO ALMO/ ID5TICAL S*OOLS ( ?\<T4 

.<#h.> 
,PLATONIC & WA/EFUL BODY OR 5T]PRISE1 ESPECIALLY PUBLIC4 

.<#i.> 
,R\<LY #aia TO #a#i#a#d4 

.<#a.> 
,LA PROPRIETA FOND>IA E LA P\LAZIONE AGRICOLA 9 ,LOMB>DIA 7,MILAN1 
#ah$ - NOT #aheg AS 9 ! ORIG9AL74 ,/EFANO ,JAC9I 7#a#h#g#b-#i#a7 
AGRONOMI/1 HEAD ( ! ,9*IE/A ,AGR>IA E SULLE CONDIZIONI DELLA 
CLASSE AGRICOLA 7#a#h#h#d74 ,M9I/] ( PUBLIC WORKS UND] ,CAV\R 7#a#h#f7 
& AGA9 9 #ahfd & #a#h#f#g4 ,GIAN ,DOM5ICO ,RORNAGNOSI 7#a#g#f#a-#a#h#c#e7 JURI/ 
& PHILOSOPH]4 ,CONSID]$ TO BE ! MA9 9SPIRATION BEH9D ! 
JURIDICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE SY/EM ADOPT$ BY ! ,K+DOM ( ,ITALY 
7#a#h#f#a-#a#i#d#f74 

.<#a#a.> 
,ALB]TO ,DE ,/EFANI WAS ! ,M9I/] ( ,F9ANCE & ! ,TREASURY FROM 
#aibb TO #aibe :5 HE WAS REMOV$ AFT] PRESSURE FROM F9ANCIAL & 
9DU/RIAL GR\PS4 ,HE REMA9$ A FASCI/ & WAS TRI$ AFT] ! W> 
= ?IS1 BE+ ACQUITT$4 ,! >TICLE QUOT$ WAS PUBLI%$ 9 ,IL ,TEMPO 
7,ROME7 ON #ba ,NOVEMB] #a#i#e#a4 ,IT REIT]ATES :AT HE HAD PREVI\SLY 
WRITT5 :5 /ILL A M9I/]3 0,AS ONE READS ON1 ONE WILL SEE ! 
PA? TAK5 S9CE ! ,K+DOM'S F\NDATION TO ! PRES5T ( ! 
V>I\S LEGISLATIVE ATTEMPTS1 ( CITIZ5S' SACRIFICES & !IR 
REAL VALUE1 ( ! EXCELL5CE ( PROVISION & EXECUTION1 ( ! 
DEFECTIV5ESS & DEVIATIONS :I* ! 9T]E/ ( ! /ATE & NATION 
SOMETIMES HAD TO SUFF] BECAUSE ( ! UPP] H& GA9$ BY POLITICAL 
OR P>TICUL> OR SPECIAL 9T]E/S40 7,L'AZIONE DELLO ,/ATO 
P] LE ,OP]E ,PUBBLI*E #a#h#f#b-#a#i#b#d1 ,ROME #aibe P4 VII7 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,FILL+ & ,BUR/+ ( ,B\RGEOIS ,CIVILISATION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,FILL+ & ,BUR/+ ( ,B\RGEOIS ,CIVILISATION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/