,*APT] #aa - ,VIOL5CE & ,T]RORISM 

#aigaig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,MELTZ] 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#aa ,VIOL5CE & ,T]RORISM 

  

,WE ALL DEPLORE EA* O!R'S VIOL5CE4 ,MO/ PEOPLE1 :E!R !Y ADMIT IT OR NOT1 >E CONDITION$ BY ! MASS M$IA1 ! NEO-,*UR*1 & !Y DEPLORE ! TYPE ( VIOL5CE ?AT ! ,/ATE DEPLORES1 & APPLAUD ! VIOL5CE ?AT ! ,/ATE PRACTICES4 ,DE> OLD LADIES1 9CAPABLE ( UPSETT+ ! FEEL+S ( A CAT SITT+ ON ! *AIR !Y WI% TO OCCUPY1 PASSIONATELY DEM& FLOGG+1 HANG+ & DISEMB[ELM5T1 SOMETIMES EV5 = DEMON/RATORS4 ,LYN*-LAW IS NOT 0AN>*Y04 ,IT IS ?AT DEGREE ( LAW BEYOND ! ,/ATE1 TO :I* AU?ORIT>IAN ?9K+ CAN LEAD4 ,! ,/ATE ITSELF CAN 9VOKE VIGILANTES1 OR FASCI/ ?UGS4 ,IT CAN GIVE C>TE BLAN*E TO ! POLICE :5 ITS AU?ORITY IS BYPASS$ OR FL\T$1 OR :]E IT APPE>S ?AT ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS IS 9SUFFICI5T4 ,:5 IT DOES NOT DO SO1 LYN*-LAW >ISES4 ,YET ! SAME PEOPLE1 FROM ! 9DIGNANT OLD LADIES TO ! LYN*]S & ! FASCI/S1 WILL BE MORALLY \TRAG$ BY ASSASS9ATION1 S9CE ! MASS M$IA HAVE NOT PREP>$ !M = ?IS4 

,AFT] ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 ! PRESS HAD B>ELY CEAS$ ! CAMPAIGN AGA9/ RE9/AT+ CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS 9 !IR JOBS1 :5 !Y W]E DEPLOR+ ! 0VIOL5CE0 ( ! WORK]S OCCUPY+ ! FACTORIES 9 ,ITALY4 ,!Y WELCOM$ ,MUSSOL9I'S MASS VIOL5CE1 & DEPLOR$ AS 0VIOL5CE0 ! ATTEMPTS TO %OOT HIM4 ,TO ! PACIFI/ CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTOR1 ! CRIT]ION BE+ 0VIOL5CE0 & NOT FRE$OM ! M5 :O TRI$ TO %OOT ,MUSSOL9I W]E 0ON A P>0 ) ! FASCI/S-0,!Y W]E US+ ! SAME ME?ODS40 ,YET COMMON S5SE %[$ ?AT ?OSE :O W]E NE>] TO ,MUSSOL9I W]E NOT ?OSE :O W]E TRY+ TO %OOT HIM1 BUT ?OSE :O1 BECAUSE !Y DEPLOR$ VIOL5CE1 S\<T TO MAKE ! POPULATION TRANQUIL1 & W\LD SOON] COOP]ATE ?AN RESI/2 :O1 AL?\< !Y W]E NOT FASCI/S1 FELT ?AT ANY?+ WAS BETT] ?AN REVOLUTION>Y 0VIOL5CE04 ,YET ?AT W\LD HAVE BE5 9DIVIDUAL4 ,FASCI/ VIOL5CE WAS MASS4 

,WE F9D !RE IS1 DESPITE ! CYNICISM ( ! PACIFI/1 A DI/9CTION BETWE5 \R VIOL5CE & !IRS4 ,WE ADMIRE ! REBEL :O TRI$ TO ASSASS9ATE ,MUSSOL9I1 OR ?OSE :O DID1 9 FACE ( AN ANGRY CR[D1 KILL ! K+ ( ,ITALY1 ! PRESID5T ( ,FRANCE1 ! ,CZ> ( ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE TO UND]/& ! ACTION ( ONE MAN AGA9/ A TYRANT4 ,WE F9D IT IMPOSSIBLE TO SEE A P>ALLEL ) ! VIOL5CE US$ BY ! ,/ATE3 ! MURD]S 9 ! CONC5TRATION CAMPS1 ! SL[ DEA?S 9 ,SIB]IA1 ! JUDICIAL KILL+S1 ! USE ( FASCI/ SQUADS TO REMOVE POLITICAL OPPON5TS1 ! FIR+ SQUAD1 ! MASS BOMB+S1 ! USE ( ME?ODS ( :OLESALE SLAU<T]4 

,A RETIR$ MILIT>Y MAN1 :O MAY HAVE S5T ?\S&S TO !IR DEA?S1 WILL BE MORALLY \TRAG$ AT SO NONVIOL5T AN EX]CISE AS ! OCCUPATION ( HOMES BY SQUATT]S1 & WILL WRITE TO ! ,PRESS CONDEMN+ IT AS 0VIOL5CE04 ,HIS VIOL5CE WAS LEGITIMATE1 SO HE DOES NOT REG>D IT AS BE+ VIOL5T4 ,A /REET DEMON/RATION OB/RUCT+ HIS C> W\LD NOT BE LEGITIMATE4 ,HE 9VEI<S AT ! VIOL5CE4 ,:AT REALLY DI/URBS HIM IS ! LEGITIMACY4 ,LEGITIMATE VIOL5CE IS A ,/ATE MONOPOLY1 = ! ,/ATE MAKES ! LAWS4 ,IT IS NOT POSSIBLE = ! REVOLUTION>Y TO %IFT PEOPLE FROM DELIB]ATELY 9DUC$ APA?Y1 )9 A FRAMEWORK ACCEPTABLE TO ! ,METROPOLITAN ,POLICE OR ! CAPITALI/ PRESS4 ,NOR IS !RE ANY WAY ( REBELL+ DISCREETLY1 ( *ALL5G+ PUBLIC OP9ION ?\< REFRA9+ FROM (F5D+ PEOPLE'S CONCEPTION ( GOOD TA/E4 ,NOR CAN ONE *ANGE ! ECONOMIC BASIS ( SOCIETY TO APPROV+ NODS FROM ! JUDICI>Y4 

,NO SU* MEANS EXI/$ 9 ,NAZI ,G]MANY4 ,IT IS NOT POSSIBLE 9 ,RUSSIA TODAY4 ,IT IS UNKN[N H]E4 ,POLITE P]SUASION IS P]MITT$ 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 BUT ONLY ON T]MS ?AT R5D] IT 9EFFECTIVE4 ,! PUBLIC CAN BE TICKL$ ) FEA!RS1 :5 :AT IT NE$S1 9 ,HE9E'S PHRASE1 IS A VIOL5T %OVE 9 ! RIBS ) A LAMPPO/4 ,TRADITIONAL NONVIOL5T PROTE/S1 SU* AS ,ALD]MA/ON1 BECOME 9/ITUTIONALIZ$4 ,!IR PROTAGONI/S 9 DUE C\RSE 5T] GOV]NM5T4 ,! TE/ ( DEMON/RATIONS IS NOT1 H[EV]1 :E!R OR NOT !Y >E NONVIOL5T4 ,?AT IS A CRIT]ION 9TRODUC$ BY ,*RI/IAN SOCIALI/ TRADITION & 9H]IT$ BY ! 0,NEW ,LEFT04 ,IT IS NOT A REVOLUTION>Y TE/1 :I* IS :E!R OR NOT SU* DEMON/RATIONS DI/URB ! *A9 ( OB$I5CE BY :I* ORD]S >E TRANSMITT$ & OBEY$4 

,! USE ( =CE IS 9CONSI/5T ) FRE$OM & ! MORE A REGIME EMPLOYS VIOL5CE1 ! MORE REPRESSIVE IT IS4 ,RESI/ANCE TO =CE1 H[EV]1 IS ! FIR/ ESS5TIAL TO A*IEVE FRE$OM1 EV5 IF ONE HAS TO EMPLOY VIOL5CE TO DO SO4 ,! VIOL5CE ?AT IS PRACTIC$ BY ! ,/ATE IS ! ANTI!SIS ( FRE$OM1 BECAUSE IT IS ! MEANS BY :I* RULE IS MA9TA9$4 ,IF ONE CAN ONLY RESI/ ! IMPOSITION ( ! ,/ATE'S COMM&S BY VIOL5CE1 !N SU* VIOL5CE MU/ BE A PR]EQUISITE ( FRE$OM1 H[EV] ILLEGITIMATE IT MAY BE DUBB$4 

,NO CRIME COMMITT$ 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! HUMAN RACE C\LD MAT* ! CRIMES ( GOV]NM5TS4 ,TO SU* AN EXT5T >E PEOPLE T]RORIZ$ BY CAPITALISM & ! ,/ATE ?AT !Y >E PREP>$ TO BELIEVE ! LAWS IMPOS$ UPON !M >E NECESS>Y = !IR EXI/5CE4 ,:5 IT BECOMES PLA9 ?AT !SE LAWS ?REAT5 SOCIETY1 IT IS PRET5D$ ?AT SOME?+ ILLEGAL IS 9VOLV$4 ,FAC$1 = 9/ANCE1 ) ! ANNIHILATION ( ! ,G]MAN ,JEWS1 ! CON/ITUTIONALI/ CANNOT BE> TO ADMIT ?AT ! :OLE OP]ATION1 FROM ,HITL]'S P>LIAM5T>Y TACTICS 9 A*IEV+ P[]1 TO ! LAWS PASS$ BY ! ,REI*/AG & DUTIFULLY ADM9I/]$ BY ! JUDICI>Y1 W]E AT ! TIME P]FECTLY LEGAL & CON/ITUTIONAL4 

,IF A FASCI/ OR A /ATE COMMUNI/ REGIME A*IEV$ P>LIAM5T>Y P[] H]E1 OR IF ITS VIOL5T TAKEOV] W]E SUBSEQU5TLY LEGITIMIZ$1 ! SAME POLICE =CE AS EXI/S N[ W\LD OP]ATE4 ,ITS (FIC]S W\LD NOT SACRIFICE A NI<T'S SLEEP1 LET ALONE A P5SION1 AT \R FATE -- YET ! MASS M$IA ASKS US TO BE SORRY = ,P,C ,JONES IF HE IS JO/L$ BY DEMON/RATORS4 

,BUT ! MORAL CODE 9V5T$ BY ! NEO-,*UR* IS NO MORE B9D+ UPON ! REVOLUTION>Y ?AN ! RELIGI\S CODE 9V5T$ BY ! OLD ,*UR* WAS B9D+ UPON ! B\RGEOISIE ONCE !Y REJECT$ ITS AU?ORITY4 0,PUBLIC OP9ION01 ! M>KETABLE COMMODITY CREAT$ BY P[]1 W\LD BE %OCK$ AT ANY 9DIVIDUAL ACT ( A REVOLUTION>Y4 ,H[EV] DESPOTIC A TYRANT MI<T BE 7& EV5 IF HE W]E A RIVAL ONE7 !RE W\LD BE TE>S = HIS WEEP+ WIFE & B]EAV$ *ILDR51 & A HOMILY ON ! FUTILITY ( VIOL5CE4 ,NO?+ W\LD BE SAID ( HIS VICTIMS4 ,IT IS 9 ! NATURE ( ! ,/ATE ?AT ! TYRANT'S VICTIMS %\LD BE NUM]\S1 & ! TYRANNICIDE'S P>TICUL>4 ,= ! P[] MANIAC CANNOT C>E :O OR :AT /&S 9 HIS WAY4 ,SCRUPLES >E A H&ICAP TO HIM1 ?\< IF HE CAN TURN O!R PEOPLE'S SCRUPLES TO HIS ADVANTAGE1 HE WILL C]TA9LY DO SO4 

,IF1 P]HAPS1 9 /RIK+ A BL[ AGA9/ ! VILE/ AUTOCRAT1 SU* AS HAPP5$ 9 ?R[+ A BOMB AT ! K+ ( ,SPA9 ON HIS W$D+ DAY1 A FLUNKY W]E ACCID5TALLY 9JUR$1 ! PRESS W\LD BE 0\TRAG$0 ?\< ! SAME PRESS FAIL$ TO UND]/& ! LACK ( PATRIOTISM %[N BY ?OSE ,SPANI>DS :O OBJECT$ TO :OLESALE SLAU<T] 9 ! ,MOROCCAN W>4 ,9 #a#i#a1 DUR+ AN 0\TRAGE0 AT ,TOTT5HAM1 A BOY WAS %OT DEAD1 EI!R BY ! P]PETRATORS OR ! POLICE1 C]TA9LY BY ACCID5T4 ,NO?+ C\LD MAT* ! HORROR ( ! PRESS UNTIL F\R YE>S LAT]1 :5 ! ,G]MANS %OT A LOT MORE1 BY DESIGN RA!R ?AN BY ACCID5T4 ,! ,BRITI%1 ( C\RSE1 DID ! SAME ?+1 BUT ?IS WAS 0ACCID5TAL0 & IT WAS H>D LUCK UPON ! CIVILIANS2 AN EXCUSE ! ,TOTT5HAM GUNM5 C\LD H>DLY HAVE GIV54 ,HORROR AT VIOL5CE 9 ?IS TYPE ( CONTEXT IS PURE CANT4 ,IT IS OBJECTION TO P]SONS DO+ 9DIVIDUALLY :AT ! ,/ATE LEGITIMIZES :OLESALE4 

,! PEACE-TIME PR(ESSION ( NONVIOL5CE HELD BY ALL RESPECTABLE CITIZ5S %\LD NOT BE CONFUS$ ) ! IDEALIZ$ NONVIOL5CE HELD BY ! PEACE MOVEM5T4 ,EV5 H]E1 ?IS DOCTR9E CONTA9S SOME ELEM5T ( HYPOCRISY1 = ?9K+ ( SPECIFIC LEAD]S ( ! DECL>$ PACIFI/ MOVEM5T & EV5 EXCLUD+ ! ,QUAK]S :O GIVE NONCOMBATANT S]VICE 9 TIME ( IMP]IALI/ W>1 ONE F9DS MO/ ( !M OPPOSE ALL W> UNTIL !Y F9D A CAUSE !Y CAN SUPPORT BY W>4 ,BUT !Y WILL NEV] ACCEPT CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,G&HI/ PACIFISM1 ON ! O!R H&1 MAY BE REVOLUTION>Y BUT IS COMPLETELY AU?ORIT>IAN4 ,?OSE :O LOOK ON VIOL5CE AS ! WOR/ CRIME ( ! ,/ATE -- BECAUSE !Y JUDGE EV]Y?+ ON ITS DEGREE ( VIOL5CE -- MAY BE RI<T1 BUT IT DOES NOT FOLL[ AT ALL ?AT IF ! ,/ATE C\LD RULE )\T VIOL5CE -- IF ! RUL+ CLASS C\LD CONQU] )\T =CE ( >MS -- ?IS W\LD BE ! SAME ?+ AS FRE$OM4 

,ON ! CONTR>Y1 A SAMURAI CLASS :I* C\LD IMPOSE ITS WILL BY MORAL AU?ORITY & G5TLE P]SUASION W\LD NOT BE LESS AU?ORIT>IAN ?AN ONE :I* NE$$ TO USE ! SWORD & ! :IP4 ,IT MI<T BE LESS 9TOL]ABLE TO LIVE UND]4 ,BUT !RE IS NO DIFF]5CE1 9 ! COMPULSION !Y USE1 BETWE5 A ,G&HI & A ,MAO ,TSE ,TUNG4 ,G&HI1 BY HIS MORAL P]SUASION1 MI<T HAVE BE5 ! MORE EFFECTIVE DICTATOR4 

,! MO!R :O SAYS TO H] *ILDR5 0,I WILL NOT PUNI% Y\ BUT Y\ HAVE BROK5 MY HE>T0 IS NO LESS MATRI>*AL ?AN ! ONE :O SMACKS !M 9 TEMP] & =GETS IT4 ,?\< ON BALANCE ONE PREF]S ! YOGI TO ! COMMISS>1 IT IS ONLY :ILE ONE IS NOT BRA9WA%$ BY ! YOGI ?AT HE IS H>MLESS4 ,?OSE :O1 BY MORAL P]SUASION & SUP]IOR VIRTUE1 CAN 9DUCE ! VIRTUES EXEMPLIFI$ BY NONVIOL5CE >E NOT GIV+ US FRE$OM4 ,!Y >E FAKIR-NAZIS4 

,NEI!R ! P>TY NOR ! A%RAM %\LD BE 9 A POSITION TO TAKE OV] GOV]NM5T 9 AN OV]?R[ ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,IF !Y %\LD DO SO1 IT %\LD BE A HAZ>D\S 5T]PRISE 9 ! FACE ( A REBELLI\S PEOPLE4 ,DICTATORS %\LD ALWAYS HAVE TO RECKON ) ! FACT ?AT ASSASS9ATION IS !IR PR(ESSIONAL HAZ>D4 ,ALL =MS ( GOV]NM5T %\LD HAVE TO RECKON ON ! FACT ( A CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,UNLESS IT IS AN UNMITIGAT$ TYRANNY OR IS REPRES5TATIVE ( A CLASS T]RIFI$ BY A TRAUMATIC EXP]I5CE ( REVOLUTION1 IT SELDOM WI%ES TO DO SO4 ,:5 A GOV]NM5T ADMITS ! EXI/5CE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! POLICE /ATE IS SAID TO EXI/4 ,SOCIAL CONQUE/1 NO LONG] DISGUIS$1 IS C>RI$ \T BY ! POLICE 7OR1 IF !RE IS NO TRADITION ( PUBLIC S]VICE1 BY ! >M$ =CES ACT+ 9 A POLICE CAPACITY74 

,:5 A /ATE NO LONG] NE$S TO ADMIT ?IS BRUTAL FACT ( EXI/5CE1 IT DOES NOT CEASE TO EMPLOY POLICE3 IT SETS \T1 H[EV]1 TO MAKE ITSELF MORE LOV$ BY MEANS ( P]SUASION AT ITS DISPOSAL & BY GIV+ ! POLICE SOME USEFUL TASKS ) :I* TO OCCUPY !MSELVES4 ,! POLICE BECOME CONC]N$ ) TRAFFIC CONTROL1 = 9/ANCE1 :I* H[EV] MORE SOCIALLY USEFUL IT MI<T BE1 W\LD H>DLY BE H&$ TO A ,GE/APO ) ITS H&S FULL4 ,IT IS LIKE US+ ! >MY = FLOOD RELIEF4 

,:5 ! ,/ATE RE/S UPON NATIONAL CONQUE/ AS WELL AS SOCIAL CONQUE/ 7OCCUPI$ ,FRANCE1 ,BRITI% ,9DIA71 OR :5 ! SOCIAL CONQUE/ IS ( REC5T ORIG9 & MILIT>Y =CE 7,FRANCO'S ,SPA971 ! POLICE /ATE IS ESS5TIAL4 ,ONCE ! FACT ( SOCIAL CONQUE/ IS G5]ALLY ACCEPT$1 ! ,/ATE SEEKS TO P]SUADE ! COMMUNITY ?AT IT IS P>T ( A NATURAL ORD] & EV5 ?AT IT IS ( DIV9E ORIG94 

,:5 ! ,*UR* WAS ! CU/ODIAN ( MORAL VALUES1 ITS FUNCTION WAS TO P]SUADE SOCIETY ( ! LEGITIMACY & DIV9ITY ( SOV]EIGN RUL]S4.<#b.> ,! NEO-,*UR*1 VIA ! MASS M$IA & NEW SCI5CE ( SOCIOLOGY & PSY*OLOGY1 HAS TAK5 ?IS TASK OV]4 ,IT PROVES TO US ?AT REBELLION IS ILLEGAL & EV5 UNFA%IONABLE1 OR ?AT REVOLUTION>IES HATE !IR FA!RS 7AS AGA9/ ! HAPPY FAMILY LIFE ( ! CON=MI/S71 & WILL EV51 GIV5 !IR HEAD1 PROVE ?AT CRIM9ALS >E A RACIAL TYPE OR ?AT RACIAL TYPES >E CRIM9ALS4 ,DEVIATION FROM ,/ATE DOGMAS MAY BE %[N AS DEG5]ACY4 ,GIV5 SUFFICI5T FUNDS1 !Y WILL TEA* US ALL H[ WE MAY FIT 9TO A SICK SOCIETY4 

,AN ,AM]ICAN PSY*OLOGI/ HAS /UDI$ ! MOTIVES ( ?OSE :O TRI$ TO KILL PRESID5TS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,?IS TYPE ( /UDY IS BECOM+ A NEW NATIONAL SPORT4 ,HE HAS COME UP ) ! CONCLUSION ?AT IT IS 0A WI% = IMMORTALITY04 ,NO D\BT -- BUT :AT LIES BEH9D ! DESIRE TO BECOME PRESID5T8 ,MANY W\LD-BE ASSASS9S VIEW$ !IR ACT 0AS A /ROKE ( NATIONAL POLICY OR PATRIOTIC H]OISM04 ,H[ DID ! ,PRESID5TS VIEW !IR ACTS8 ,IT COMPLETELY ESCAP$ ! VISION ( ! PSY*IATRI/ ?AT ! GREAT] ! TYRANT1 ! GREAT] ! NE$ = ASSASS9ATION4 ,?OSE REBELS :O TRI$ TO KILL ,EUROPEAN DICTATORS MAY HAVE BE5 LESS DEL9QU5T ?AN ! PILOTS :O BOMB$ ,G]MANY & ,ITALY4 ,! LATT] MAY HAVE VIEW$ !IR MURD]S AS NATIONAL POLICY & PATRIOTIC H]OISM -- !RE WAS A GREAT DEAL ( 5C\RAGEM5T TO DO SO AT ! TIME4 

,BUT IT IS1 ( C\RSE1 COMPLETELY BEYOND ! PROV9CE ( ! PSY*IATRI/ TO 9QUIRE 9TO ! CAUSES ( W>4 ,! SOCIOLOGI/ HAS NO SU* QUALMS & HE WILL EV5 5D[ ! IMP]SONAL ,/ATE ) HUMAN QUALITIES 9 ! WAY ?AT ! E>LY ,*UR* 9VOK$ ITS DIV9ITY4 ,A 0C\NTRY0 IS LOOK$ ON AS A REAL P]SON1 ) AN?ROPOMORPHIC ATTRIBUTES4 ,*ILDR5 GR[+ UP AFT] ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> F\ND IT H>D TO UND]/& ?AT ,BELGIANS W]E REALLY NOT NECESS>ILY 0POOR0 NOR 0LITTLE02 & AFT] ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> IT WAS DIFFICULT = !M TO UND]/& ?AT ,POL& WAS NOT1 9 FACT1 A 0SMALL0 C\NTRY4 ,/ILL LESS WAS IT POSSIBLE TO UND]/& ?AT ALL ,AM]ICANS W]E NOT RI* & P[]FUL4 ,MORE IMPORTANTLY1 ! T]M 0AGGRESSION0 APPLI$ TO A NATIONAL ACT HAS COMPLETELY MISL$ EV]YONE4 ,MANY RE=M]S S9C]ELY BELIEVE ?AT 0AGGRESSIV5ESS0 CAUSES W>S4 ,IT IS ONE ( ! REASONS ?AT ! SPORT ( BOX+ GETS SO MANY CRITICS 7ESPECIALLY ?OSE :O1 LIKE ,B>ONESS ,SUMM]SKILL1 BEGAN AS PACIFI/S & 5D$1 ?\< POLITICALLY COMMITT$ TO ! ATOM BOMB1 /ILL OPPOS$ TO 0AGGRESSIV5ESS074 ,YET ! PR(ESSIONAL BOX] IS LUCKY TO BECOME A ,P4,T4 CORPORAL 9 TIME ( W> -- HE IS MORE LIKELY TO BE 9 ! GLAS%\SE = HIS AGGRESSIV5ESS4 ,IT IS NOT ! ,ROCKY ,M>CIANOS :O >E ! GOOD SOLDI]S4 ,! MEEK1 PR(ESSIONAL DIPLOMAT ) ! B[L] HAT & UMBRELLA1 :O BEGS ONE'S P>DON IF HE IS BUMP$ 9TO ON ! /AIRCASE1 WILL EMBROIL ! NATION 9 W>1 & ! CIVIL S]VANT ,EI*MANN IS ! PROTOTYPE ( H[ HE WILL !N BEHAVE4 

,! M]E 0AGGRESSIV5ESS0 ( A ,NAPOLEON OR A ,HITL] C\LD NOT CAUSE A W>4 ,ONE CAN F9D !IR LIKE AT ANY /REET CORN]4 ,:AT CAUSES W> IS ! MEEKNESS ( ! MANY4 ,OB$I5CE 5ABLES LEAD]S TO PURSUE AN AGGRESSIVE C\RSE4 

,IT WAS NOT 0! ,G]MAN *>ACT]0 NOR EV5 ! NAZI IDEOLOGY ?AT CAUS$ ! ,G]MAN >MY 9 ! LA/ W> TO BEHAVE 9 A WAY ?AT PROVOK$ RESI/ANCE4 ,IT WAS CONQUE/ ITSELF1 MADE MORE OBVI\S BY ! FACT ?AT ! CONQU]OR WAS =EIGN1 & MORE PA9FUL BY ! FACT ( ITS BE+ NAZI4 ,! DIPLOMATS TRI$ TO HIDE ! PLA9 FACT ( CONQUE/ BY CREAT+ 0LEGITIMATE GOV]NM5TS0 ?AT P>AD$ ! %ABBY OLD PATRIOTIC COLORS4 ,9 OCCUPI$ ,RUSSIA ! ,G]MANS HAD ! *ANCE ( BE+ REG>D$ AS LIB]ATORS1 BUT NAZI IDEOLOGY REG>D$ ! CONQU]OR AS A SUP]IOR CLASS & ACT$ ACCORD+LY4 ,IT WAS PA9FULLY OBVI\S 9 ! ,UKRA9E ?AT ! ,SOVIET RUL+ CLASS HAD BE5 REPLAC$ BY AN 9VAD+ RUL+ CLASS ?AT REG>D$ ! ,UKRA9IANS AS NATURAL HELOTS4 ,NAZI IDEOLOGY PREV5T$ ,G]MANY FROM DISGUIS+ ! NAK$ FACT ( A POLICE /ATE 9 >MS4 

,RESI/ANCE ?R\<\T ,EUROPE WAS GIV5 A NATIONAL-PATRIOTIC IDEOLOGY L>GELY BY ! ,LONDON-BAS$ PROPAG&I/S :OSE ACTIVE P>T 9 ! /RUGGLE CONSI/$ ( 5C\RAG+ RADIO SPEE*ES & 9TRIGUES ) ,BRITI% DIPLOMACY4 ,SO F> AS ?OSE ON ! SPOT W]E CONC]N$1 RESI/ANCE TO ! POLICE /ATE WAS UNAVOIDABLE4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 TALK+ 9 ! LANGUAGE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE BUT 9 PRACTICE OBEY+ ! POLITICAL NECESSITIES ( ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T1 WAS ABLE TO P]SUADE ! UND]GR\ND MOVEM5TS ?AT !SE TWO OPPOS+ MATT]S W]E ID5TICAL4 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( TODAY DOES NOT 5TIRELY D5Y ?AT !RE IS A CLASS /RUGGLE1 BUT IT DOES ITS BE/ TO ADAPT ITS T]MS TO ?OSE ( NATIONAL PATRIOTISM1 S9CE IT S]VES ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,KREML94 ,! LIB]AL1 & USUALLY EV5 ! PACIFI/1 W\LD D5Y !RE IS A CLASS /RUGGLE AT ALL1 :I* WE F9D A /RANGE ATTITUDE4 ,MU* AS WE OPPOSE NATIONAL W>1 WE W\LD H>DLY PRET5D IT DID NOT EXI/4 ,IT IS H>D TO DEF9E A NATION1 & IMP]IALISM HAS MADE ! L9ES BLURR$4 ,NOR >E RACIAL DIFF]5CES CONF9$ TO OPPOS+ NATION-/ATES4 ,IT IS HI<LY DESIRABLE ?AT SU* W>S %\LD NOT EXI/4 ,YET !Y DO1 NOT)/&+ \R DISAPPROVAL4 ,IT IS MORE DIFFICULT TO DEF9E A CLASS W> BECAUSE !RE IS A DEGREE ( VOLUNT>ISM4 

,! NATION-/ATE CAN SAY1 9 REG>D TO NATIONAL W>1 :AT ! LAW IS2 :O >E ITS SUBJECTS & :OM = ! TIME BE+ IT CONSID]S NOT TO BE ITS SUBJECTS4 ,EV5 TO PRESS A NATIONAL CLAIM BAS$ ON RACE1 AS AGA9/ P[]1 IS TO COMMIT TREASON 7AS ,SIR ,ROG] ,CASEM5T DISCOV]$74 ,UNLESS ! ,/ATE *OOSES1 EV5 IDEOLOGICAL AFF9ITY IS NOT RECOGNIZ$ BUT AS TREASON4 7,JOYCE & ,AM]Y W]E HANG$1 ?\< SEV]AL HUNDR$ ,G]MANS1 9 ,BRITI% EMPLOY1 HAD COMMITT$ EXACTLY ! SAME 0(F5SE0 AS !Y47 ,SUCCESSFUL TREASON IS IMPOSSIBLE1 S9CE IT !N BECOMES ! HI<E/ PATRIOTISM4 ,MANY ( ! 0,OLD ,BOL%EVIKS0 W]E EXECUT$ = 0COLLABORAT+ ) FASCISM0 A FEW YE>S TOO SOON4 ,ALL ?IS IS P>T & P>CEL ( ! T]RORISM ( ! ,/ATE4 

,! /ATE CANNOT1 H[EV]1 NORMALLY ADMIT ! FACT ( A CLASS W>1 BECAUSE ?IS W\LD BE TO SANCTION C\NT]-T]RORISM BY ! PEOPLE4 ,ONCE IT IS OBLIG$1 BY ! CREATION ( A POLICE /ATE1 TO ADMIT ! FACT ( A CLASS W>1 ! RESPONSE IS ALWAYS ! SAME4 ,IT CAN BE SE5 9 ,CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA :5 ! ,POLICE ,/ATE WAS OPPOS$ BY 9DIVIDUAL ACTS ( VIOL5CE1 :I* W]E ! ONLY MEANS ( PROTE/4 ,ACTS ( 0T]ROR0 AGA9/ ! ,SPANI% POLICE /ATE HAVE ANN\NC$ TO ! WORLD ?AT !RE CAN BE NO COMPROMISE ) ! ,FRANCO REGIME4 

,! MANN] ( !SE ACTS CAUSES AN ALLIANCE BETWE5 ! 0CON/ITUTIONAL & DEMOCRATIC0 POLICE =CES1 & ?OSE POLICE =CES :I* >E ACKN[L$G$ TO BE NO MORE ?AN AN >M$ CONSPIRACY AGA9/ ! PEOPLE4 ,!RE WAS AN 5T5TE BETWE5 ! ,WE/]N POLICE & ?OSE ( ,CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA1 :5 ! ,KREML9 E/ABLI%$ A POLITICAL POLICE BUREAU COMB9+ DIPLOMATIC 9TRIGUE1 ESPIONAGE & ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY1 :I*1 ) ITS LAVI% BRIBES & EMPLOYM5T ( AG5TS-PROVOCATEURS1 CORRUPT$ EV]Y?+ IT T\*$4 

,PUBLIC CONC]N PREV5T$ ! NAZI COOP]ATION ) ! DEMOCRATIC POLICE =CES BE+ TOO WELL PUBLICIZ$1 ?\< IT IS EXEMPLIFI$ BY ! HEAD ( ! ,FR5* POLICE1 ,M4 ,*IAPPE1 H&+ OV] ! DOSSI]S ( ! REVOLUTION>IES TO ! ,GE/APO 9 #a#i#d4 ,! ,BRITI% POLICE !N1 & S9CE1 DECL9$ TO GIVE AN ASSURANCE ?AT !Y W\LD NOT DO ! SAME ?+ 9 ! SAME CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,:5 ! B\RGEOISIE BECOMES 0T]RORIZ$0 IT IS 0PROVOK$0 9TO US+ ! POLICE & %[S ! TRUE IMAGE ( SOCIAL CONQUE/4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ! BUREAUCRACY IS SO EFFICI5T 9 ! SIL5T >T ( MASS DE/RUCTION ?AT ! Y\NG REBELS HAVE SPAT UPON B\RGEOIS CULTURE & TAK5 ! RESPONSIBLE ATTITUDE ( 0IRRESPONSIBILITY0 -- BO? FROM REVOLUTION>Y HOPE & FROM NEW DESPAIR !Y 0PROVOKE0 ! POLICE SO ?AT P]SUASION HAS TO /OP & IS REPLAC$ BY =CE4 

,EV5 BACK 9 ! LEG5D>Y DAYS ( ,ROB9 ,HOOD1 VIOL5CE WAS JU/IFI$ ONCE SOCIAL CONQUE/ WAS RECOGNIZ$4 ,IT NOT ONLY JU/IFIES ! REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT ALSO1 AT ANY RATE TO HIMSELF1 ! CRIM9AL4 ,:AT IS WEAL? BUT ! ACCUMULAT$ !FTS ( ! PA/8 ,H[ DID ! TITLES & ! [N]%IP ( L& >ISE8 ,ONCE IT IS APPRECIAT$ ?AT ! ACCUMULATION ( PROP]TY IS DUE TO !FT1 BUT ?AT ! ROBB]Y GOES BACK 9 TIME1 IT IS H>D = ANYONE TO UND]/& ! >GUM5T ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMICS ?AT ROBB]Y HAS GOT TO CEASE N[4 ,:Y8 ,BECAUSE ! LAW SAYS SO4 ,! T9HORN GAMBL] WANTS TO QUIT ! GAME BECAUSE HE IS W9N+4 ,! MORAL SANCTIONS AGA9/ DISOB$I5CE ( ! ,/ATE NE$ A LOT ( HONEY$ WORDS FROM ! NEO-,*UR* TO MAKE !M CONV9C+4 

,! PRES5T VALUES N[ DESCRIB$ AS 0B\RGEOIS0 >E ?OSE E/ABLI%$ 9 ,VICTORIAN TIMES1 & >E A JU/IFICATION ( P[] REMA9+ :]E IT IS4 ,! SAME E?ICS & MORALS EXI/ 9 ,RUSSIA1 ?\< 9 ! ECONOMIC S5SE !RE IS NO B\RGEOISIE1 = !Y >E ?OSE ( ! P[]-HOLD+ M9ORITY4 ,AN EXAGG]AT$ FEEL+ ( DE/9Y1 *AUV9ISM1 SEXUAL PURITANISM & ! O!R FEEL+S >IS+ FROM P[] ON ! ONE H& & ABNEGATION TO ! ,/ATE ON ! O!R1 >E *>ACT]I/IC ( RIS+ CAPITALISM & ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,9 BO? CASES A /ABLE RUL+ M9ORITY IS 9 TRIUMPH OV] A SUCCESSFUL ,/ATE ?AT ACTS AS A FACADE TO HUMAN MIS]Y4 ,9 BO? CASES SOME =M ( MASS T]ROR BECAME NECESS>Y4 ,9 ,VICTORIAN ,5GL& IT WAS POV]TY1 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 POLITICAL REPRESSION4 ,9 BO? CASES1 ! ONLY ANTIDOTE1 9DIVIDUAL T]ROR1 BECAME APP>5TLY ANA*RONI/IC BECAUSE ( ! SUCCESS ( ! M$IA ( P]SUASION4 ,9 ONE1 SU* ACTION SEEM$ UNNECESS>Y BECAUSE ( ! 0CONT9U\S ADVANCE ( SUFFRAGE0 & 9 ! O!R BECAUSE IT HAS BE5 ID5TIFI$ ) 0CAPITALI/ & FASCI/ SABOTAGE ( SOCIALISM04 ,RESI/ANCE 9 BO? CASES BECAME SULL51 NONVIOL5T1 RESIGN$4 

,9 ALL POLITICAL HI/ORY !RE IS A FEEL+ ?AT 0,?+S MAY BE BAD1 BUT LET !M NOT GET WORSE40 ,IT 9CREASES AS ONE GETS OLD]1 & BRE$S ON DEFEAT4 ,IT IS ! CASE AGA9/ MILITANT ACTION1 & AGA9/ HOLD+ 9DIVIDUAL AUTOCRATS RESPONSIBLE ( ACTS ( TYRANNY 0= FE> ( ! BACKLA%04 

,=TUNATELY1 !RE IS R5EW$ HOPE ) EV]Y G5]ATION4 ,DISA/R\SLY = HUMANITY1 ! ,/ATE IS W9N+ ! RACE -- ITS P[]S ( DE/RUCTION GR[ FA/] ?AN ! =CES ( REBELLION AGA9/ IT4 

,! ,/ATE1 AS 9/ITUTIONALIZ$ CONQUE/1 LEADS TO DE/RUCTION4 ,AP>T FROM ! PHILOSOPHICAL DISCUSSION ( 5DS & MEANS1 IT IS COMMON S5SE ?AT ONE'S ACTIONS %\LD BE CONDITION$ ACCORD+ TO ONE'S AIMS4 ,\R AIMS >E NOT ! CONQUE/ ( P[]1 BUT ! ACC\NTABILITY ( 9DIVIDUALS = !IR ACTIONS4 ,! 5EMIES ( FRE$OM %\LD NOT ESCAPE !IR RESPONSIBILITY BY PLEAD+ ! FACT ?AT !Y ACT$ UND] ORD]S4 ,AT ! PO9T :]E !Y >E HELD P]SONALLY LIABLE = !IR DE$S ( VIOL5CE1 !Y ON ! PLEA ?AT VIOL5CE 7BY ANYONE ELSE7 IS 0FUTILE04 

,PACIFISM CEASES TO BE RANK$ ) BOL%EVISM & AN>*Y1 & UNTIL ! ,/ATE *OOSES O!RWISE1 ! PUBLIC IS COMPLETELY SOLD ON ! FUTILITY ( 0VIOL5CE01 ?\< MO/ ( ! 0VIOL5CE0 AGA9/ :I* IT 9VEI<S IS 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ MASS MURD]4 ,IT IS G5U9ELY H>D = ! AV]AGE P]SON TO UND]/&1 9 ! FACE ( MASS CONDITION+1 ?AT A P]SON MI<T BE VEHEM5TLY OPPOS$ TO MASS MURD] & = ?AT V]Y REASON ALL ! MORE 9CL9$ TO MAKE A VIOL5T PROTE/4 ,ONE ( ! PRES5T AU?ORS1 FAC+ A ,SPANI% C\RT-M>TIAL AS ! RESULT ( HIS BELIEF 9 ! REMOVAL ( DICTATORS1 F\ND ?AT SOME ( HIS FRI5DS & RELATIVES G5U9ELY PROTE/$ HIS 9NOC5CE1 CIT+ HIS KN[N OPPOSITION TO NUCLE> >MAM5T4 0,HE IS A PACIFI/1 NOT A T]RORI/10 !Y SAID1 & IT WAS 9EXP$I5T1 :IL/ ON A CAPITAL *>GE1 TO UND]TAKE ! OBVI\S EXPLANATION4 ,ONE OR TWO AFT]W>DS FELT !Y HAD BE5 MISL$4 ,! O!R ( ! PRES5T WRIT]S1 FAC+ A ,BRITI% C\RT-M>TIAL1 WAS REBUK$ = HIS 09CONSI/5CY0 9 OPPOS+ MASS MURD] :5 IT WAS NOTORI\S HE SUPPORT$ 9DIVIDUAL VIOL5CE 70& Y\ CANNOT D5Y ?IS FROM Y\R ACTIONS074 ,IT APPE>$ CLE> TO !M ?AT IF ONE DID NOT SUPPORT ,/ATE VIOL5CE1 OR OBJECT$ TO SACRIFICE = ! RUL+ CLASS1 ONE C\LD NOT SU/A9 ANY =M ( VIOL5CE & PROBABLY NOT EAT MEAT EI!R4 ,?OSE :O ?9K ?IS IS AN EXAGG]ATION NE$ ONLY REF] TO SOME ( ! IMBECILIC COMM5TS MADE AT CONSCI5TI\S OBJECTORS' TRIBUNALS4 

,BUT VIOL5CE IS NOT ! Y>D/ICK4 ,IT IS NOT EV5 RELEVANT TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 :I* HAS TO DO ) ! ECONOMIC *ANGE-OV] ( ! SY/EM4 ,VIOL5CE IS ONLY NE$$ TO ANSW] T]ROR FROM ABOVE BY ! IMPOSITION ( P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY FROM BEL[4 ,HI/ORICALLY1 ONE SEES MO/ RUL+ CLASSES WILL FI<T ON TO ! 5D RA!R ?AN GIVE UP P[]1 & AT ?AT PO9T ANO!R RUL+ M9ORITY WANTS TO TAKE OV]4 ,?IS CANNOT BE ANSW]$ BY MASS T]ROR1 = G5]ALLY ! >MY ( ?OSE HAV+ OR SEEK+ P[] WILL BE SUP]IOR TO ANY >MY ( ?OSE OPPOS+ P[]4 ,IT CANNOT BE DEFEAT$ BY NONRESI/ANCE1 = ?IS IS EXACTLY :AT IT WANTS4 ,IT CANNOT BE OPPOS$ BY NONVIOL5T RESI/ANCE1 = ?IS PRESUPPOSES A TRA9$ CLASS ( LEAD]S :OSE RULE WILL BE ONLY QUALITATIVELY DIFF]5T4 ,F9ALLY IMPOS$ P[] BY =CE CAN ONLY BE ANSW]$ BY 9DIVIDUAL VIOL5CE4 ,NO DICTATOR IS SO P[]FUL AS TO BE 9VULN]ABLE TO ANYONE ) AN ELEM5T>Y KN[L$GE ( *EMI/RY4 ,?OSE DICTATORS :O UND]/& ?IS 7LIKE ,PORTUGAL'S ,SALAZ>7 BECOME 9VISIBLE RUL]S1 & !IR MODE/Y & LACK ( FLAMBOYANCY IS IDEALIZ$4 ,!Y /AY 9 P[]1 & !IR LONGEVITY BECOMES ANO!R VIRTUE UNTIL !Y COMMIT ! 9DISCRETION ( DY+4 

,POLITICS IS B$EVIL$ BY ! MY? ( ! 0/RONG MAN04 ,JU/ AS ! ,/ATE IS GIV5 ! QUALITIES ( A P]SON1 ! P]SON IS GIV5 ! QUALITIES ( ! ,/ATE4 ,LITTLE ,HITL]1 :O NEV] RAIS$ HIS H& = A BL[ 9 ANG] DUR+ HIS LIFE1 WAS ONE 0/RONG MAN04 ,*UR*ILL1 DODD]+ 9 ! C>E ( VALETS1 WAS ANO!R4 ,UN=TUNATE1 P>ALYZ$1 NEUROTIC ,ROOSEVELT2 CRAFTY PRIE/-TRA9$ ,/AL9 -- !SE W]E ! GREAT M5 ( ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>4 ,!Y W]E ADMIR$ = !IR 0/R5G?01 MEAN+ ?AT NONE ( !M W]E AV]SE TO SETT+ 9TO MOTION ! TE*NIQUES ( MASS MURD]4 ,NEVILLE ,*AMB]LA9'S B\RGEOIS SCRUPLES AT DO+ SO MADE HIM 0WEAK04 ,! PUBLIC AT ! TIME W]E BRA9WA%$ BY ?IS TYPE ( PRES5TATION 9TO BELIEV+ ?AT ,HITL] WAS 9 FACT1 ! PHYSICALLY /RONG] ( ! TWO4 ,ONE BL[ ) ! FAM\S GAMP & ,ADOLF W\LD HAVE COLLAPS$4 ,BUT ?AT IS NOT H[ POLITICS >E CONDUCT$4 ,?OSE :O1 9 #a#i#c#i1 BELIEV$ ! (FICIAL /ORY ?AT W> WAS DUE 0TO ONE MAN ONLY0 DID NOT SEE ! SIMPLE ALT]NATIVE TO W>4.<#b#a.> ,!Y ACCEPT$ ?AT ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE WAS SUBMISSION4 

,:Y DO ! MASS M$IA BECOME HY/]ICAL AT ! IDEA ( MANH&L+ /ATESM58 ,IS IT BECAUSE ?IS DE/ROYS ! IMAGE8 ,H]O FIGURES MU/1 H[EV]1 BE R$UC$ TO SIZE4 0,! GREAT >E ONLY GREAT BECAUSE WE >E ON \R KNEES40 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aifi 3 ,*APT] #aa - ,VIOL5CE & ,T]RORISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JULY #a#g1 #bai 3 ,*APT] #aa - ,VIOL5CE & ,T]RORISM -- ,ADD$4 

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