,*APT] #e - ,DO ,CLASSES ,EXI/8 

#aigaig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALB]T ,MELTZ] 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#e ,DO ,CLASSES ,EXI/8 

  

,DO ! CLASSES ( :I* WE >E SPEAK+ REALLY EXI/8 ,IS IT ALL ONLY BAS$ ON ILLUSION8 ,HAVE ! MASS M$IA F9ALLY P]SUAD$ US ?AT IT IS ALL 0,M>XI/ J>GON0 & ?AT WE >E ALL WORK]S N[1 BECAUSE ,LADY ,M>Y SP5DS H] DAYS 9 A B\TIQUE & ! ,E>L HIMSELF HAS TO %[ VISITORS >\ND HIS /ATELY MANSION8 

,!RE IS SO MU* CONFUSION ?AT WE HAVE NOT ONLY TO SPELL \T :AT IS MEANT BY 0CLASSES01 BUT TO EXPLA9 IT BY DIAGRAMS4  

 FIG4#a E>LY SOCIETY  

,SOCIETY IS REPRES5T$ BY A CIRCLE1 & ! PRIMITIVE SOCIETY 7FIG #a7 IS AN EMPTY CIRCLE4 ,!RE >E NEI!R ,/ATE ORGANS NOR CLASSES4 ,IT MI<T HAVE A TITUL> *IEF1 BUT IF WE REPRES5T HIM BY A PO9T ON ! CIRCUMF]5CE1 IT MEANS NO?+ :ATSOEV] UNTIL 7FIG #b7 HE HAS CREAT$ SOME =M ( REPRESSIVE MA*9]Y4 ,:5 ! SLAVE-DRIV] HAS CRACK$ HIS :IP1 ! FIR/ DOM9ANT CLASS APPE>S2 ! FREE M5 ( ! TRIBE AS AGA9/ ! SLAVES4 ,TOGE!R ) ! W>RIORS !Y >E ! FIR/ =CE ?AT CAN BE US$ = 9T]NAL OPPRESSION AS WELL AS EXT]NAL AGGRESSION OR DEF5SE4  

 FIG4#b ! PRIMITIVE /ATE  

,9 ! M$IEVAL SOCIETY 7FIG #c7 WE CAN SEE ?AT ! RUL+ CLASS HAS BEGUN TO EM]GE4  

 FIG4#c M$IEVAL SOCIETY  

,IT =MS ! UPP] /RATA1 ) ! ,*UR* AS A CROSS-SEGM5T4 ,9 SOME SOCIETIES ! 0>M$ =CES0 SEGM5T CAN BE EXT5D$ TO 9CLUDE ! RE/ ( ! CIRCLE 7= ALL M5 >E W>RIORS74 ,9 SOME1 ! ,*UR* HAS TO BE EXT5D$1 = ALL >E 0BELIEV]S04 ,BUT EV5 SO1 !RE EM]GES ! DIVISION ( RULE 9 ! =M ( JUDICATURE & LEGISLATURE1 & ! 5=CEM5T ( DECISIONS MADE BY ! UPP] /RATA SEP>ATES (F ! L[] HORIZONTAL /RATA1 UNTIL MODEM CAPITALI/IC SOCIETY EM]GES 7FIG #d74  

 FIG4#d CAPITALI/ SOCIETY  

,9 ! TOP SEGM5T ( CAPITALI/IC SOCIETY IS ! 0GILD$ AMALGAM0 ( L&[N]S1 9DU/RIALI/S1 F9ANCI]S1 BANK]S4 ,! TOP SECTION CUTS ACROSS ! V]TICAL DIVISIONS1 & M>KS \T ! G5]ALS1 LEAD+ 9DU/RIALI/S1 TOP CIVIL S]VANTS1 JUDGES & SO ON4 ,BUT IT IS FIRMLY DIVID$ HORIZONTALLY FROM ! RE/ ( SOCIETY4 

,IT IS NOT ALL BUT IMPOSSIBLE TO PASS OV] ?AT FIRM L9E AS IT WAS 9 FEUDAL SOCIETY :5 ONLY ! ,*UR* PROVID$ A BRIDGE4 ,VICTORIAN & ,$W>DIAN NOVELS >E FULL ( ! DILEMMAS ( ?OSE :O DO PASS OV] ! L9E4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 SELF-MADE MILLIONAIRES & AMBITI\S POLITICIANS4 ,BUT ALL ! SAME1 !RE IS AT ALL TIMES -- SO F> AS ?IS FIRM L9E IS CONC]N$ -- A CLE> DI/9CTION AS TO :O IS 0ABOVE0 & :O IS 0BEL[01 EV5 UND] A DEMOCRATIC PROCESS ( ELECTION TO SOME ( ! RI<T-H& SECTIONS4 

,! MIDDLE CLASS IS DIVID$ 9 \R DIAGRAM FROM ! WORK+ CLASS BY A WAVY L9E4 ,NOT FIRM1 IT GOES UP & D[N LIKE A GEIG] C\NT] 7FIG #e74  

 FIG4#e ! 'GEIG]-C\NT]' ( CAPITALISM  

,! SO CALL$ 0L[] MIDDLE CLASS0 CAN BE D[N ON 0WORK+-CLASS0 LEVELS1 SU* AS ?OSE = 9/ANCE 9 CL]ICAL OCCUPATIONS :O1 AS A RESULT ( SNOBB]Y OR E/ABLI%M5T PROPAG&A1 IMAG9E !MSELVES TO BE B\RGEOIS1 OR >E TREAT$ AS SU* SOCIALLY1 )\T BE+ SO ECONOMICALLY4 ,!RE MAY BE %OPKEEP]S1 AFT] BANKRUPTCY SAY1 OR M>KET /ALLHOLD]S1 :O1 ACCORD+ TO ECONOMI/S1 W\LD BE 0MIDDLE-CLASS01 BUT MI<T REA* D[N 9TO ! SUBM]G$ LEVEL4 

,! EXI/5CE ( ?IS SUBM]G$ LEVEL IS A REPRESSIVE =CE JU/ AS MU* AS >E ! >M$ OR POLICE =CES4 ,! FE> ( FALL+ 9TO ! PIT MAY BE GREAT] ?AN ! ?REAT ( IMPRISONM5T4 ,CRIM9ALS C]TA9LY HAVE F\ND ?IS TO BE ! CASE4 ,! SUBM]G$ LEVEL MAY RISE 9 TIMES ( DEPRESSION4 ,IT MAY EV5 TAKE 9 :AT WE MI<T CALL ! BOTTOM ( ! CIVIL S]VICE1 PEOPLE EMPLOY$ BY ! ,/ATE ON ROAD DUTIES1 PUBLIC WORKS & EV5 CONSCRIPT SOLDI]S AT ! OLD P5NY A DAY LEVEL4 

,9 ! MIDDLE-CLASS HORIZONTAL LEVEL1 ON ! RI<T-H& SIDE1 WE F9D *IEF CON/ABLES1 BANK MANAG]S1 TRADE UNION LEAD]S4 ,ON ! SAME SIDE ( ! WORK+-CLASS /RATUM1 WE F9D POLICEM54 ,A HO>Y QUE/ION ASK$ ( ! LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION>Y IS :E!R HE CONSID]S POLICEM5 WORK]S8 ,CLE>LY YES2 BUT 9 ! RI<T-H& SEGM5T4 ,!IR ECONOMIC 9T]E/S >E ! SAME1 BUT !Y >E /ILL DIVID$ BY ! GOV]NM5TAL SY/EM 7V]TICAL L9E7 ?\< NOT BY ! HORIZONTAL 7CLASS7 ONE4 ,9 ?IS CASE1 IDEAS ( DUTY MAKE ! L9E IMPASSABLE4 ,! SOLDI]1 ESPECIALLY IF A CONSCRIPT1 MAY IGNORE ! L9E :5 ! SEQU5CE ( COMM&-&-OBEY IS BROK54 ,EV5 ! POLICE HAVE DONE SO 7! POLICE /RIKE7 BUT NORMALLY :5 !Y DO SO !Y >E DISMISS$ & CEASE TO BE POLICEM54 

,! /R5G!N+ ( ! POLICE ROLE1 BECAUSE ( ! DIFFICULTIES 9 ! 5=CEM5T ( GOV]NM5T1 MAY LEAD TO A POLICE /ATE4 ,BUT ?IS DOES NOT HAVE ANY EFFECT UPON ! SOCIAL ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY UND] ! ,/ATE O!R ?AN ONE ( MA9TA9+ DOM9ATION4 ,IT IS NOT 9 !IR RELIANCE UPON ! POLICE ?AT /ATE COMMUNISM & FASCISM DIFF] FROM DEMOCRACIES1 :I* MAY ALSO MOVE TO A POLICE /ATE 7! ,U,S,A HAS DONE SO MORE ?AN ONCE74 ,9 ! TOTALIT>IAN SY/EM 7FIG #f7 ! CIVIL S]VICE 9CLUDES ! :OLE CIRCLE2 SOON] OR LAT] EV]YONE BECOMES A S]VANT ( ! ,/ATE4  

 FIG4#f ! TOTALIT>IAN /ATE  

,UND] /ATE SOCIALISM OR COMMUNISM ! CLASS DIVISIONS 7/RAI<T & WAVY L9ES7 BECOME OBLIT]AT$ & MAY EV5 ULTIMATELY DISAPPE>4 ,NOT SO 9 FASCISM4 ,BUT 9 BO?1 ! RUL+ CLASS T5DS TO BECOME ID5TIFI$ ) ?AT P>T ( ! V]TICAL SEGM5TS LABEL$ 0! BUREAUCRACY01 :I* HAS TAK5 ! OLD] ROLE ( ! ,*UR*4 ,! HORIZONTAL LAY] AT ! BOTTOM DOES NOT DISAPPE>4 ,EV5 IF IT %\LD COME TO BE NO LONG] REQUIR$ BY ECONOMIC NECESSITY1 BECAUSE >TIFICIAL 0DEPRESSIONS0 >E CUR$1 IT IS ESS5TIAL TO HAVE A LIMBO TO :I* PRISON]S-(-W>1 POLITICAL PRISON]S1 =C$ LABOR1 P5AL BATTALIONS & ! LIKE1 CAN BE CONSIGN$4 

,! T5D5CY ( ! P>TY1 IF ! TOTALIT>IAN REGIME MOVES ON & IS NOT CUT %ORT 9 ITS PRIME1 IS TO /ABILIZE ! CIRCLE ) AN 9N] SEGM5T 7FIG #g74  

 FIG4#g ! TOTALIT>IAN P>TY 9 SOCIETY  

,! HEAD ( /ATE IS SUPREME4 ,IF CLASSES /ILL EXI/1 IT 9CLUDES A MIXTURE ( !M4 ,! BUREAUCRACY1 ?\< NOM9ALLY P>TY MEMB]S1 >E \TSIDE ANY CONTROL BY IT4 ,! SUBM]G$ LEVEL 9CLUDES ?OSE :O HAVE LO/ !IR P>TY C>DS & MAY EV5 RISE TO 9CLUDE ! L[] RANKS ( ! P>TY 7! DEVIATIONI/S74 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! DIVISIONS >E NOT SO CLE> 9 REALITY AS !Y >E 9 \R DIAGRAMS4 ,! >T ( E/ABLI%M5T & P>TY PROPAG&A ALIKE IS TO BLUR ! FACT ?AT !RE >E SU* DIVISIONS4 ,BECAUSE IT IS ON OCCASION POSSIBLE TO IGNORE !M1 & SOMETIMES TO BE G5U9ELY UNAW>E ( !IR EXI/5CE1 IT IS ASSUM$ ?AT !Y DO NOT EXI/4 ,A SELF-EMPLOY$ NEWSPAP] SELL] MAY H>BOR ! ILLUSION ?AT HE HAS MORE 9 COMMON ) ! DIRECTORS ( ,W4,H4 ,SMI? @& ,SONS ?AN HE HAS ) ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,LAISSEZ-FAIRE CAPITALISM W\LD BLUR ! SEGM5T>Y L9ES4 ,SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY W\LD REVISE !M4 ,9 A WELF>E /ATE1 ! GEIG] L9E W\LD V>Y & MI<T EV5 BE REGULAT$4 ,TORYISM W\LD MA9TA9 ! /RAI<T L9E4 ,K+S & PRESID5TS >E IMAG9>Y DOTS ON ! CIRCLE4 ,DICTATORS MA9TA9 !IR P[] ONLY :5 !Y CAN MA9TA9 !IR PLACE ON ! CIRCUMF]5CE :]E L9ES ( DIVISION MEET4 ,= P[] EXI/S :5 ! WILL ( ! PEOPLE & ! WI%ES ( ! RUL]S CO9CIDE4 ,FA%ION+ ! WILL ( ! PEOPLE IS ! FIR/ ESS5TIAL ( GOV]NM5T4 

,! SEGM5TS 9 !SE DIAGRAMS >E NOT1 ( C\RSE1 DRAWN PROPORTIONATELY4 ,:AT ! CORRECT PROPORTIONS %\LD BE IS P>T ( ! /UFF ( POLITICAL DEBATE4 ,%\LD WE CUT D[N ON ! CIVIL S]VICE8 ,CURB GOV]NM5T SP5D+8 ,DISE/ABLI% ! ,*UR*8 ,REVISE DEF5SE E/IMATES8 ,EXT5D ! LEGAL SY/EM8 ,:]E IS ! L9E BETWE5 ! CLASSES TO BE DRAWN8 

,BY REJECT+ ?IS DEBATE1 WE >E ADVOCAT+ ! RETURN TO A BLANK CIRCLE4 ,! FREE SOCIETY W\LD BE DIFF]5TIAT$ FROM PRIMITIVE SOCIETY BY ITS MODE ( PRODUCTION & ITS LEVEL ( CULTURE4 ,ITS LACK ( MA/]S OR REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS W\LD 5SURE ?AT MAN 0BORN FREE0 W\LD LIVE FREE4 

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