,*APT] #d 
,ORIG9S ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI2 ,! ,OPPOSITION TO ,MILIT>IZATION & ,BALIUS'S ,J\RNALI/IC ,C>E] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AGU/9 ,GUILLAMON 

,TEXT 3 

#d4 ,ORIG9S ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI2 ,! ,OPPOSITION TO ,MILIT>IZATION & ,BALIUS'S ,J\RNALI/IC ,C>E] 

,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ,GR\P WAS =MALLY LAUN*$ ON ,M>* #a#g1 #a#i#c#g1 AL?\< ITS ORIG9S CAN BE TRAC$ BACK TO ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#f4 ,! ,GR\P WAS ! CONFLU5CE ( TWO MA9 CURR5TS3 ! OPPOSITION ON ! P>T ( AN>*I/ MILITIANS FROM ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN 7& ! ,IRON ,COLUMN.<#c#f.>7 TO MILIT>IZATION ( ! PEOPLE'S MILITIAS1 & ! OPPOSITION TO GOV]NM5TALISM1 BE/ >TICULAT$ 9 ! WRIT+S ( ,JAIME ,BALIUS 7?\< NOT ,JAIME ,BALIUS ONLY7 9 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A BETWE5 ,JULY & ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#f1 9 ,IDEAS1 BETWE5 ,DECEMB] #aicf & ,APRIL #a#i#c#g1 & 9 ,LA ,NO*E BETWE5 ,M>* & ,MAY #a#i#c#g4 

,BO? CURR5TS1 ! 0MILITIA0 CURR5T REPUDIAT+ MILIT>IZATION ( ! PEOPLE'S MILITIAS1 AS REPRES5T$ BY ,PABLO ,RUIZ1 & ! 0J\RNALI/IC0 CRITIQUE ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I'S COLLABORATION ) ! GOV]NM5T1 AS SPE>HEAD$ BY ,JAIME ,BALIUS1 OPPOS$ ! ,C,N,T'S CIRCUM/ANTIALI/ IDEOLOGY 7:I* PROVID$ ! ALIBI = ! JETTISON+ ( AN>*ISM'S QU9TESS5TIAL & FUNDAM5TAL *>ACT]I/ICS7 AS EMBODI$1 TO V>Y+ DEGREES1 BY ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN OR ,JUAN ,PEIRO1 AMONG O!RS4 

,REPUDIATION ( MILIT>IZATION ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,MILITIAS CAUS$ GRAVE UNEASE 9 SEV]AL AN>*I/ MILITIA UNITS1 & WAS >TICULAT$ AT ! PL5UM ( CONF$]AL & AN>*I/ COLUMNS HELD 9 ,VAL5CIA FROM ,FEBRU>Y #e TO #h1 #a#i#c#g4.<#c#g.> ,PABLO ,RUIZ ATT5D$ AS DELEGATE FROM ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN'S MILITIANS ( ! ,GELSA SECTOR :O W]E RESI/ANT TO MILIT>IZATION1 & ,FRANCISCO ,PELLIC].<#c#h.> WAS PRES5T TO REPRES5T ! MILITIANS ( ,! ,IRON ,COLUMN4 ,! ,GELSA SECTOR EV5 WITNESS$ A DEFIANT REFUSAL TO COMPLY ) ! ORD]S RECEIV$ FROM ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEES ?AT MILIT>IZATION BE ACCEPT$4 ,! ACRIMONY BETWE5 ?OSE ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN MILITIANS :O AGRE$ TO ! MILIT>IZATION & ?OSE :O REJECT$ IT CAUS$ S]I\S PROBLEMS1 LEAD+ 9 ! 5D TO ! =MATION ( A COMMISSION FROM ! ,COLUMN1 HEAD$ BY ,MANZANA1 :I* RAIS$ ! PROBLEM ) ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,! UP%OT ( !SE DISCUSSIONS WAS ! DECISION ?AT ALL MILITIANS BE GIV5 A =TNI<T TO *OOSE ONE ( TWO C\RSES ( ACTION3 ACCEPT ! MILIT>IZATION IMPOS$ BY ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T1 OR QUIT ! FRONT4.<#c#i.> 

,BALIUS'S J\RNALI/IC TRAJECTORY BETWE5 ,JULY #aicf & ! 5D ( ! W> IS V]Y TELL+4 ,HIS POLITICAL /ANCE ( ADVOCACY ( P]MAN5T REVOLUTION REMA9$ VIRTUALLY UN*ANG$ :]EAS HIS PR(ESSIONAL & P]SONAL /&+ UND]W5T RAPID *ANGE ) ! 9COM+ TIDE ( C\NT]REVOLUTION4 

,BETWE5 ,JULY & E>LY ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#f1 ,BALIUS1 :O1 ) NO HELP O!R ?AN HIS FRI5D ,GILAB]T1 SAW TO IT ?AT ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A HIT ! /REETS ON ,JULY #b1.<#d.> PUBLI%$ NUM]\S >TICLES 9 ?AT PAP]1 ! *IEF ORGAN ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,SOME W]E PURELY 9=MATIVE.<#d#a.> 9 *>ACT]1 AS WAS APPROPRIATE = J\RNALI/IC REPORTAGE3 BUT MANY ( !M1 & )\T D\BT ! MO/ 9T]E/+ AMONG !M1 W]E EXPRESSIONS ( POLITICAL OP9ION4 ,!SE >TICLES1 :I* FILL$ A REGUL> COLUMN 9 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 .<#d#b.> OCCASIONALLY APPE>$ ON ! COV] BY WAY ( $ITORIAL COMM5T BY ! PAP]4.<#d#c.> ,& !RE IS EV]Y LIKELIHOOD ?AT ,BALIUS WAS ! WRIT] ( SEV]AL $ITORIALS 79 ,SEPTEMB]-,OCTOB] #a#i#c#f71 PUBLI%$ )\T BYL9E.<#d#d.> AS EXPRESSIONS ( ! ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A POLICY L9E4 ,BUT :ATEV] ! EXT5T ( HIS 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! DRAFT+ ( !SE $ITORIALS1 IT CAN BE AFFIRM$ BEYOND D\BT ( ANY SORT ?AT ,BALIUS1 ?R\< ! PAGES ( ! ,C,N,T'S ORGAN 9 ,CATALONIA1 9 ,SEPTEMB] & ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#f1 DUR+ ,LIB]TO ,CALLEJAS'S TIME AS MANAG+ $ITOR1 PLAY$ A V]Y PROM95T IDEOLOGICAL ROLE AS MOLD] & %AP] ( ! POLITICAL /ANCE ( ! ,C,N,T'S MA9 DAILY NEWSPAP]4 ,EV] PRES5T 9 HIS >TICLES WAS 9SI/5CE UPON DEF5SE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y GA9S ( ,JULY & ! NE$ TO PRESS !SE HOME TO :I* 5D HE URG$ T\<1 DECISIVE REPRESSIVE MEASURES OR1 AS ,BALIUS LIK$ TO CALL !M1 9VOK+ ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 0PUBLIC SAFETY0 MEASURES AGA9/ ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ?REAT FROM ! B\RGEOISIE4.<#d#e.> 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#f1 ,LIB]TO ,CALLEJAS WAS /OOD D[N AS MANAG+ $ITOR ( ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A4 ,JAC9TO ,TORYHO WAS APPO9T$ 9 HIS PLACE4.<#d#f.> ,BE> 9 M9D ?AT AT ! BEG9N+ ( ,NOVEMB] ,DURRUTI HAD GONE TO ! ,MADRID FRONT & F\R CONF$]AL M9I/]S HAD JO9$ ! ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T4 ,TORYHO'S APPO9TM5T WAS 9 RESPONSE TO ! NE$ = ! DIRECTOR ( ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A TO BE AN ADAMANT *AMPION ( ! ,C,N,T'S CIRCUM/ANTIALI/ & COLLABORATIONI/ POLICY4 ,BY ! 5D ( ,DECEMB]1 ,TORYHO HAD MANAG$ TO GET RID ( ,LIB]TO ,CALLEJAS'S OLD $ITORIAL TEAM ( ,JAIME ,BALIUS1 ,M+O1 ,ALEJ&RO ,GILAB]T1 ,P9TADO1 ,GALIPI5ZO1 ,BORRAS1 ,GAMON1.<#d#g.> ETC41 :O W]E AGA9/ ! (FICIAL ,C,N,T POLICY1 & !IR PLACE WAS TAK5 BY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM PROM95T AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ LEAD]S SU* AS ,PEIRO1 ,MONTS5Y & ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN1 FAI?FUL FRI5DS ( ,TORYHO1 SU* AS ,LE&RO ,BLANCO 7]/:ILE $ITOR ( A MON>*I/ NEWSPAP]7 & ! PRE/IGI\S BYL9ES ( 0PROGRESSIVES0 LIKE ,CANOVAS ,C]VANTES & ,ZAMACOIS4.<#d#h.> 

,ONE ( ! LA/ >TICLES ,BALIUS PUBLI%$ 9 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A 7ON ,DECEMB] #f1 #a#i#c#f7 UND] ! TITLE 0,DURRUTI'S TE/AM5T10 IS DES]V+ ( A DETAIL$ M5TION4 ,! >TICLE IS A COMM5T>Y UPON ! RADIO BROADCA/ MADE BY ,DURRUTI FROM ,MADRID ON ,NOVEMB] #e1.<#d#i.> ONLY DAYS BE=E HE DI$3 WRITT5 9 :AT MI<T HAVE APPEAL$ TO MANY AN>*I/S A PROVOCATIVE MANN]1 ?IS >TICLE GIVES US AN 9KL+ ( :AT WAS TO BECOME ONE ( ! BASIC IDEOLOGICAL PILL>S ( ! FUTURE ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ,GR\P1 NAMELY1 ! TOTALIT>IAN *>ACT] ( ANY PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION3 

,DURRUTI BLUNTLY /AT$ ?AT WE AN>*I/S REQUIRE ?AT ! REVOLUTION BE ( A TOTALIT>IAN NATURE4 ,& ?AT ! COMRADES /&+ UP TO FASCISM SO DOGG$LY ON ! FIELDS ( BATTLE >E NOT PREP>$ TO LET ANYONE TAMP] ) ! REVOLUTION>Y & LIB]AT+ IMPORT ( ?IS PRES5T H\R4 

74447 ,DURRUTI'S TE/AM5T LIVES ON4 ,IT L+]S ) EV5 GREAT] =CE ?AN ON ! NI<T HE H>ANGU$ US4 ,WE %ALL SEE TO IT ?AT HIS LA/ WI%ES >E MADE A REALITY4 

,DECEMB] #b#i1 #aicf SAW ! APPE>ANCE ( ! FIR/ ISSUE ( ,IDEAS ! M\?PIECE ( ! ,C,N,T F$]ATION 9 ! ,BAJO ,LLOBREGAT COM>CA4 ,BALIUS HAD AN >TICLE PUBLI%$ 9 VIRTUALLY EV]Y $ITION ( ,IDEAS4 ,HIS >TICLES 9SI/5TLY D5\NC$ ! ADVANCE ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION4.<#e.> ,\T/&+ AMONG !M WAS ! ATTACK UPON ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD1 ,LUIS ,COMPANYS1 :I* WAS C>RI$ 9 ,IDEAS ,NO4 #ae ( ,APRIL #h1 #a#i#c#g1 UND] ! TITLE 0,LET'S MAKE REVOLUTION40.<#e#a.> 

,IDEAS WAS A DIRECT ANTEC$5T ( ,EL ,AMIGO DEL ,PUEBLO4 ,AL?\< NOT EV]Y CONTRIBUTOR TO ,IDEAS.<#e#b.> WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI1 WE CAN /ATE ?AT1 ALONG ) ,ACRACIA 9 ,L]IDA1.<#e#c.> ,IDEASWAS ! MO/ \T/&+ M\?PIECE ( ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>Y CURR5T PRIOR TO ,MAY4 

,BALIUS WAS APPO9T$ DIRECTOR ( ,LA ,NO*E ON ,JANU>Y #b#f1 #aicg BY ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,UNIONS4 ,LA ,NO*E WAS AN EV5+ DAILY1 RUN BY A COOP]ATIVE ( WORK]S1 MO/ ( :OM BELONG$ TO ! ,C,N,T1 AL?\< IT WAS NOT P>T ( ! ORGANIZATIONAL PRESS ( ! ,C,N,T4 

,IT WAS 9 ,LA ,NO*E ( ,M>* #b1 #aicg ?AT ! FIR/ REPORT CAME ( ! AIMS & MEMB]%IP CONDITIONS ( A NEW AN>*I/ GR\P+ :I* HAD TAK5 ! NAME ( ! 0,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ,GR\P40.<#e#d.> ,BETWE5 E>LY ,M>* & ! ,MAY EV5TS1 ,LA ,NO*E1 :ILE IT NEV] BECAME ! ,GR\P'S (FICIAL M\?PIECE1 BECAME1 ?ANKS TO ITS NOT BE+ AN ORGANIZATIONAL PAP]1 ! PAP] 9 :I* ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI W]E ABLE TO GIVE FREE EXPRESSION TO !IR CRITICISMS ( ! (FICIAL POLICY ( ! ,C,N,T4 

,)\T D\BT ! MO/ \T/&+ >TICLES >E ?OSE FROM ,BALIUS1 BUT WE CANNOT FAIL TO M5TION ?OSE ABOVE ! SIGNATURE ( ,M+O1 ON ! SUBJECT ( ! ,MUNICIPALITY & TRADE UNION MANAGEM5T ( ! ECONOMY1 BECAUSE !SE REPRES5T A V]Y SIGNIFICANT FACTOR 9 ! POLITICAL !ORY ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI4 

,9 ! ,M>* #b1 #aicg $ITION1 ,BALIUS PUBLI%$ AN >TICLE 5TITL$ 0,C>EFUL1 WORK]S1 ,NOT A S+LE /EP BACKW>DS10 :I* HAD ! M]IT ( CAT*+ ! EYE ( ,N91 :O1 9 ! ,M>* #d? $ITION ( ,LA ,BATALLA 1 GAVE A GL[+ WELCOME TO ! VIEWS SET \T BY ,BALIUS1 & ALSO TO ! LAUN*+ ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ,GR\P ANN\NC$ 9 ! SAME $ITION1 ON ACC\NT ( ! *ANCES ?AT IT MI<T GIVE A REVOLUTION>Y FILLIP TO ! ,C,N,T MASSES1 :OM ! AN>*I/ LEAD]S W]E LEAD+ D[N ! PA? ( ! CRASSE/ & MO/ %ORT-SI<T$ RE=MISM4 

,9 ?AT >TICLE1 ,BALIUS RAIL$ AGA9/ ! VIEW1 9CREAS+LY WIDESPREAD 9 SOME AN>*I/ CIRCLES1 ?AT1 IF ! W> WAS TO BE WON1 ! REVOLUTION HAD TO BE ABJUR$4 ,& HE BLUNTLY CIT$ AN >TICLE SIGN$ BY ! PROM95T TRE9TI/A MILITANT ,JUAN ,PEIRO4 ,AFT] NOT+ ! ONSLAU<T ( C\NT]REVOLUTION1 :I* WAS N[ DEM&+ ?AT ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS BE DISB&$1 HE PLAC$ ! BLAME = ?IS UPON ! ONGO+ POLICY ( APPEASEM5T PURSU$ BY ! ,C,N,T4 ,! >TICLE CALL$ = AN AM5DM5T ( ?IS POLICY1 = ONLY IF ! REVOLUTION MADE HEADWAY 9 ! RE>GU>D C\LD ! W> BE WON ON ! BATTLE-FRONTS4 ,! >TICLE'S TITLE1 0,NOT A S+LE /EP BACKW>DS60 WAS !RE=E A V]Y TELL+ ONE4 

,ON ,M>* #f1 #a#i#c#g1 ,BALIUS HAD AN >TICLE 9 ,LA ,NO*E5TITL$ 0,C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y ,PO/URES4 ,NEUTRAL POSITIONS >E DAMAG+10 9 :I* HE CATALOG$ ! FEATURES ( ! NEW SECURITY =CE SET UP BY ! ,G5]ALIDAD GOV]NM5T1 ID5TIFY+ IT AS A B\RGEOIS CORPS 9 ! S]VICE ( ! CAPITALI/ ,/ATE & 9IMICAL TO ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S4 

,M>* #h1 #aicg SAW ! PUBLICATION 9 ,LA ,NO*E ( ONE ( ?OSE >TICLES SO TYPICAL ( ,BALIUS'S /YLE1 :]E1 ?R\< AN A/UTE ADMIXTURE ( NEWS & OP9ION1 HE RECORD$ ! SPECTACLE ( TRA9S CRAMM$ ) RESID5TS ( ,B>CELONA (F 9TO ! C\NTRYSIDE 9 SE>* ( FOOD/UFFS4 ,BY MEANS ( A DESCRIPTION ( ! FOLK ?RONG+ ! C>RIAGES1 ,BALIUS LA%$ \T AT ! NEW APPROA* BE+ ADOPT$ 9 ! PROVISION ( SUPPLIES1 AN APPROA* 9TRODUC$ BY ! ,/AL9I/ LEAD]1 ,COMOR]A4 

,9 ITS ,M>* #a#a1 #aicg $ITION1 ,LA ,NO*E C>RI$ AN >TICLE PAY+ TRIBUTE TO ! FIGURE ( ,DURRUTI4 ,BALIUS RECALL$ ! ADDRESS GIV5 BY ,DURRUTI OV] ! RADIO FROM ! ,MADRID FRONT JU/ DAYS BE=E HE DI$1 AN ADDRESS 9 :I* HE HAD DEPLOR$ ! FAILURES ( ! RE>GU>D TO TAKE ! W> TO ITS HE>T4 ,! SOLUTION1 AS ,DURRUTI SAW IT1 LAY 9 WAG+ W> PROP]LY1 5ROLL+ ! B\RGEOIS 9TO =TIFICATION BATTALIONS & PLAC+ ALL WORK]S ON A W> FOOT+4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,BALIUS1 ,DURRUTI'S DEA? HAD BE5 FOLL[$ BY A FUN]AL FIT = A K+1 BUT NO ONE HAD TAK5 HIS REASON+ TO HE>T4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! J\RNALI/ CONCLUD$1 ! >GUM5T WAS BEG9N+ TO BE HE>D ?AT ! CIVIL W> WAS A W> ( 9DEP5D5CE & NOT ! CLASS W> ?AT ,DURRUTI HAD CALL$ =4 ,BALIUS CLOS$ ! >TICLE BY ASS]T+ ?AT ,DURRUTI WAS MORE RELEVANT ?AN EV]1 & ?AT !RE C\LD BE NO LOYALTY TO HIS MEMORY ?AT DID NOT 9CLUDE SUBSCRIPTION TO HIS IDEAS4 

,! FOLL[+ DAY1 ,M>* #a#b1 ,BALIUS HAD A PIECE 9 ,LA ,NO*E 5TITL$ 0,COMM5TS BY ,L>GO ,CABALL]O3 ,C\NT]-REVOLUTION ON ! M>*10 9 :I* HE WAS CRITICAL ( /ATEM5TS BY ! ,U,G,T LEAD]1 DESCRIB+ !M AS C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y1 9 ?AT !Y CONFIRM$ AN 9T5TION TO REV]T TO ! SITUATION :I* HAD OBTA9$ PRIOR TO ,JULY #a#i1 ) ! COLLECTIVIZATIONS & SOCIALIZATIONS ( FIRMS BE+ DISMANTL$ JU/ AS SOON AS ! W> WAS WON4 

,9 ,LA ,NO*E ( ,M>* #a#c1 #a#i#c#g1 ,BALIUS HAD AN >TICLE 5TITL$ 0,WE MU/ WAGE W>4 ,\R FUTURE REQUIRES IT10 CALL+ = A W> ECONOMY & CRITICIZ+ ! ,G5]ALIDAD'S ECONOMIC POLICY4 

,BALIUS'S >TICLE1 0,FASCI/ B>B>ISM4 ,WE MU/ USE ! MAIL$ FI/0 79 ,LA ,NO*E ( ,M>* #a#f1 #a#i#c#g7 REF]R$ TO ! AIR RAIDS ON ,B>CELONA1 ATTACK$ ! EX*ANGES ( REFUGEES ?R\< ! EMBASSIES & CALL$ = ! /AMP+ \T ( ! FIF? COLUMN4 ,HE EV5 RECOMM5D$ ?AT NEI<BORHOOD WAT* COMMITTEES BE SET UP4 ,! WRIT]'S CONCLUSION WAS ?AT AN IMM$IATE PURGE ( ! RE>GU>D WAS IMP]ATIVE & A NECESS>Y PR]EQUISITE = SUCCESS 9 ! W>3 

,NO PURGE HAS BE5 MADE ( ! RE>GU>D4 74447 ,FASCI/S >E /ILL AT L>GE 9 HUGE NUMB]S4 74447 ,\R 5EMIES MU/ BE R\ND$ UP & ELIM9AT$ 74447 ,ANYONE ATTEMPT+ TO DAMP5 ! FIRES ( POPUL> JU/ICE IS AN 5EMY ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,LET US ACT ) ! UTMO/ VIGOR4 ,HE$LESS ( \R S(T HE>TS1 LET US %[ ! MAIL$ FI/4 

,! ,M>* #a#h? $ITION ( ,LA ,NO*E C>RI$ AN 9S]TION REPORT+ ! =MAL LAUN*+ ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI4 ,FELIX ,M>T97EZ7 WAS LI/$ AS ! GR\P'S SECRET>Y & ,JAIME ,BALIUS AS VICE-SECRET>Y4 ,JOSE ,PANIAGUA1 ,ANTONIO ,PUIG1 ,FRANCISCO ,C>R5O1 ,PABLO ,RUIZ1 ,ANTONIO ,ROM]O1 ,S]AF9 ,SOBIAS & ,$U>DO ,C]V]A W]E LI/$ AS MEMB]S ( ! /E]+ COMMITTEE4 

,ON ,TUESDAY1 ,M>* #b#c1 #a#i#c#g1 ,BALIUS HAD A PIECE PUBLI%$ 9 ,LA ,NO*E UND] ! TITLE 0,TIME TO BE SPECIFIC3 ,CATALONIA'S ROLE 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION10 :]E9 HE *AMPION$ ! ,CATALAN PROLET>IAT'S ROLE AS ! DRIV+ =CE ( A ?OR\<-GO+ SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 :I* WAS NOT1 AS 9 ,MADRID & O!R REGIONS 9 ,SPA91 HOBBL$ BY ! IMM$IATE NE$S ( ! W>4 

,9 ! ,M>* #b#d? $ITION1 ! PAP] C>RI$ A L5G?Y 9T]VIEW ) ,PABLO ,RUIZ1 A MEMB] ( ! ,GR\P & SPOKESMAN = ! ,GELSA MILITIAS OPPOS$ TO MILIT>IZATION ( ! COLUMNS4 ,WE >E (F]$ A %ORT BUT 9TRIGU+ BIOGRAPHICAL SKET* ( ,PABLO ,RUIZ1 ?ANKS TO :I* WE KN[ ?AT HE WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,FIGOLS REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE BACK ON ,JANU>Y #h1 #a#i#c#c1 ?AT HE F\<T AT ! HEAD ( =TY M5 9 ,LAS ,RONDAS & ! ,P>ALELO 9 ! ,JULY EV5TS1 ?AT HE HAD A H& 9 ! SIEGE & F9AL ASSAULT UPON ! ,AT>AZANAS B>RACKS1 ALONGSIDE ,DURRUTI & ,ASCASO1 & ?AT HE HAD SET (F = ! ,>AGON FRONT 9 ! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN1 & HAD BE5 ON ACTIVE S]VICE !RE 9 ! ,GELSA SECTOR EV] S9CE4 ,AFT] A PEAN TO ! VIRTUES & ADVANTAGES ( ! AN>*I/ PEASANT COLLECTIVIZATIONS 9 ,>AGON1 ! 9T]VIEW] ASKS HIS VIEWS ON MILIT>IZATION4 ,HIS ANSW] WAS CONSID]$1 PRUD5T & NUANC$3 BUT AT ! SAME TIME QUITE COH]5T & RADICAL1 AS IF TO UND]L9E ! 9COMPATIBILITY BETWE5 AN>*I/,IDEAS& ! W>'S BE+ DIRECT$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE & ! ,REPUBLICAN ,/ATE3 

TO REORGANIZATION ( ! ,>MY1 WE HAVE NO OBJECTION1 = IT \<T TO BE REMEMB]$ ?AT WE W]E ! FIR/ TO CALL = A S+LE1 COMMON COMM& 74447 9 ! C>E ( DELEGATES FROM ! V>I\S COLUMNS BY WAY ( 5SUR+ HOMOG5EITY 9 ! P]=MANCE ( !M ALL4 ,LET RE/RUCTUR+ PROCE$1 BUT LET ! PEOPLE'S ,>MY NOT BE 9 ?RALL TO ! ,G5]ALIDAD1 NOR TO ! ,C5TRAL ,GOV]NM5T4 ,IT MU/ BE UND] ! ,CONF$]ATION'S CONTROL40 

,9 ! 9T]VIEW1 ,PABLO ,RUIZ ALLUDES TO ! CON/ANT RETREAT FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y GA9S ( ,JULY & TO ! 9CEPTION ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI3 

,:5 WE LEFT = ! FRONT WE LEFT IT TO \R COMRADES TO 5SURE ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION W\LD M>* ON TO VICTORY1 9 ! AN>*I/ S5SE4 ,BUT1 9 ! ELABORATION ( ?AT ,REVOLUTION1 A ROLE HAS BE5 ASSIGN$ TO ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES :I* HAD NO FEEL+ = ! REVOLUTION1 9 ?AT !IR TASK WAS TO *AMPION ! 9T]E/S ( ! PETITE B\RGEOISIE & ( ! ,U,G,T :I* HAD A V]Y T9Y FOLL[+ 9 ,CATALONIA COMP>$ TO \RS4 74447 ,BY 5T]+ 9TO A COMPACT ) !M1 WE HAVE LO/ HEGEMONY OV] ! ,REVOLUTION & HAVE F\ND \RSELVES REQUIR$ TO COMPROMISE DAY AFT] DAY1 ) ! RESULT ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION HAS BE5 DISFIGUR$ AS ! 9ITIAL REVOLUTION>Y GA9S HAVE BE5 :ITTL$ AWAY4 

,\T ( ?IS HAS >IS5 ! =MATION ( ! 0,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI10 9 ?AT ?IS NEW ORGANIZATION HAS AS ITS PRIM>Y OBJECT ! PRES]VATION1 9TACT1 ( ! PO/ULATES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I4 

,PABLO ,RUIZ CONCLUD$ ! 9T]VIEW BY SETT+ \T HIS [N VIEW ( H[ ! REVOLUTION MI<T BE SET BACK ON ! RI<T TRACK3 #a4 ,PROPAG&A %\LD BE C>RI$ \T )9 ! ,C,N,T1 )\T REC\RSE TO VIOL5CE4 #b4 ,!RE %\LD BE PRESSURE = TRADE UNION 7,C,N,T7 DIRECTION ( ! ECONOMY4 #c4 ,! POLITICAL P>TIES %\LD BE PU%$ ASIDE4 #d4 ,NO ALLIANCE & NO COMPROMISE ) ! =CES H>BOR+ ! C\NT]REVOLUTION1 ?AT IS1 ! ,P,S,U,C & ! ,U,G,T3 

,! DIRECTION ( ! ECONOMY & ( SOCIETY \<T TO BE VE/$ 9 ! TRADE UNION ORGANIZATION .<! ,C,N,T.>1 ) NO PLACE = ! POLITICAL P>TIES1 ON ! BASIS ?AT !SE DO NOT MEET ! CRIT]IA TO BE REG>D$ AS R5OVATIVE4 ,NONE ( :I* IMPLIES IMPOSITION ?R\< =CE1 BUT RA!R ?R\< PROPAG&A )9 ,C,N,T RANKS4 .<444.> ,& ,I AM OPPOS$ TO 9VOLV+ ! POLITICAL P>TIES1 BE+ CONV9C$ ?AT ?AT W\LD 5TAIL LOSS ( ! REVOLUTION1 :I* HAS TO BE PROSECUT$ BY EV]Y MEANS %ORT ( COMPROMISE ) GR\PS ?AT NOT ONLY HAVE NO FEEL+ = ! REVOLUTION BUT >E ALSO 9 ! M9ORITY4 

,BALIUS PUBLI%$ 79 ! ,M>* #b#g1 #aicg $ITION ,LA ,NO*E7 AN >TICLE 5TITL$ 0,! REVOLUTION HAS ITS REQUIREM5TS4 ,ALL P[] TO ! UNIONS10 9 :I* HE DEALT ) ! PROTRACT$ CRISIS 9 ! ,G5]ALIDAD GOV]NM5T4 ,HIS VIEW ( ! TRADE UNIONS AS ORGANS ( ! REVOLUTION IS V]Y 9T]E/+4 ,HE CLASSIFI$ ! ,G5]ALIDAD GOV]NM5T CRISIS AS ! PRODUCT ( ! T5SIONS *>ACT]IZ+ A SITUATION ( DUAL P[]3 ! ,G5]ALIDAD MADE LAWS & PASS$ DECREES1 BUT ! UNIONS PAID NO HE$ TO ! ,G5]ALIDAD'S DECISIONS4 ,9 ,BALIUS'S VIEW1 = ! REVOLUTION TO MOVE =W>D & CONSOLIDATE1 P[] HAD TO PASS TO ! WORK+ CLASS1 & ?IS WAS 5CAPSULAT$ 9 ! SLOGAN3 ',ALL P[] TO ! UNIONS4' 

,BALIUS ALSO P5N$ AN 9TRIGU+ >TICLE 5TITL$ 0,A HI/ORICAL MOM5T4 ,A CATEGORICAL DILEMMA0 7,LA ,NO*E ,APRIL #e1 #a#i#c#g71 9 :I* HE PROB$ ! SIGNIFICANCE ( ! CRISIS 9 ! ,G5]ALIDAD GOV]NM5T4 ,AS F> AS ,BALIUS WAS CONC]N$1 ! ,G5]ALIDAD WAS A RELIC FROM ! PA/1 ONE ?AT WAS 9CONGRU5T ) ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y NE$S3 

,! ,G5]ALIDAD GOV]NM5T IS A HANG-OV] FROM ! PA/1 FROM A PETIT-B\RGEOIS SY/EM ?AT 9VOLVES ALL SORTS ( 9CONGRU5CIES1 VACILLATION & HYPOCRISY4 

,?US1 ACCORD+ TO ,BALIUS1 !RE C\LD BE ONLY ONE RESOLUTION ( ! ,G5]ALIDAD GOV]NM5T CRISIS4 ,A *ANGE ( GOV]NM5T P]SONNEL W\LD A*IEVE NO?+4 ,& ,BALIUS EV5 MADE A VEIL$ APPEAL = ! ,C,N,T TO REPLACE ! ,G5]ALIDAD ) ! P[] ( ! WORK]S1 & SWEEP ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES \T ( EXI/5CE3 

,WE >E NOT PESSIMI/S1 BUT WE HONE/LY BELIEVE ?AT WE HAVE NOT BE5 EQUAL TO ! *ALL5GE4 

,! DILEMMA CANNOT BE SIDE/EPP$4 ,! FUTURE ( ! PROLET>IAT REQUIRES H]OIC DECISIONS4 ,IF !RE >E SOME ORGANIZATIONS ATTEMPT+ TO /RANGLE ! REVOLUTION1 WE MU/ BE READY TO %\LD] ! RESPONSIBILITY ( A MOM5T 9 HI/ORY :I*1 BY REASON ( ITS V]Y GR&EUR1 PRESUPPOSES A S]IES ( MEASURES & DECISIONS ?AT >E NOT \T ( TUNE ) ! PRES5T H\R4 

,) ! ,REVOLUTION1 OR L9$ UP AGA9/ IT4 ,!RE CAN BE NO MIDDLE GR\ND4 

,9 ,LA ,NO*E ( ,APRIL #g?1 ,BALIUS HAD AN >TICLE 5TITL$ 0,9 ?IS GRAVE H\R4 ,! SOV]EIGN WILL RESIDES 9 ! PEOPLE10 9 :I* HE REIT]AT$ ! VIEWPO9T HE HAD SPELL$ \T 9 HIS ,APRIL #e? >TICLE & REPEAT$ HIS ATTACKS ON ,COMPANYS4 

,ALSO 9 ,LA ,NO*E1 !RE W]E SEV]AL >TICLES BY ,M+O1.<#e#e.> REM>KABLE = !IR VEHEM5CE1 S\ND+ ! AL>M AB\T ! ADVANCE ( ! C\NT]REVOLUTION1 EULOGIZ+ AN>*ISM'S REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT 7:I* WAS HELD TO BE 9COMPATIBLE ) GOV]NM5TAL COLLABORATIONISM1 :I* HAD TO BE 5D$ =?)71 ATTACK+ ! ,U,G,T1 ! ,P,S,U,C1 ,COMOR]A & ,COMPANYS OV] !IR CON/ANT DEFAMATION ( ! ,CONF$]ATION1 AGREE+ ?AT !RE WAS AN OV]RID+ NE$ 7AS SPELL$ \T BY ,BALIUS7 TO DO AWAY ) ! ,G5]ALIDAD1 & E*O+ ! GR[+ MALAISE AMONG ! PEOPLE4 ,BUT ! MO/ 9T]E/+ ( !SE >TICLES WAS ! ONE GIV5 OV] TO ! MUNICIPALITIES1 BECAUSE HIS ?9K+ 7M]ELY \TL9$ H]E7 WAS TO BE SPELL$ \T 9 FULL 9 ! PROGRAM SET \T BY ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI 9 ,EL ,AMIGO DEL ,PUEBLO AFT] ,MAY4 ,9 ?AT >TICLE1.<#e#f.> ,M+O /AT$3 

,! MUNICIPALITY IS ! AU!NTIC REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T4 

,ACCORD+ TO ,M+O1 EV] S9CE ,JULY #a#i1 #a#i#c#f1 ! ,G5]ALIDAD GOV]NM5T HAD BE5 R$UNDANT4 ,! ONLY POLICY N[ WAS ECONOMIC POLICY1 & ?AT WAS ! PROV9CE ( ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,SO1 ACCORD+ TO ,M+O1 ! MUNICIPALITY1 RUN BY ! WORK]S1 ) ECONOMIC POLICY SUP]VIS$ BY ! WORK]S1 C\LD & %\LD HAVE /EPP$ 9TO ! %OES ( ! ,/ATE4 

,9 ! ,APRIL #a#d1 #aicg $ITION ( ! DAILY ,LA ,NO*E1 ,BALIUS HAD AN >TICLE1 0,A HI/ORIC DATE3 ,APRIL #a#d10 M>K+ ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! PROCLAMATION ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 9 :I* HE UND]L9$ ! PETIT-B\RGEOIS *>ACT] ( ! DAY :5 ! ,REPUBLIC WAS PROCLAIM$1 ATTACK$ ,CATALANISM1 :E!R RI<T-W+ OR LEFT-W+1 ,MACIA OR ,CAMBO1 9 ?AT BO? HAD =SWORN !IR NATIONALISM 9 ! FACE ( ?REATS FROM ! ,CATALAN PROLET>IAT4 

,)\T ! SLI<TE/ D\BT1 !SE >TICLES ( ,BALIUS'S1 7& ( O!R MEMB]S ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI71 T\*+ UPON SU* A WIDE V>IETY ( TOPICS1 G5]ALLY POLITICAL OP9ION1 BUT ALSO ) A NEWS CONT5T1 W]E ! MORT> B9D+ TOGE!R A CRITICAL CURR5T ( OPPOSITION TO ! ,C,N,T'S COLLABORATIONI/ POLICY4 ,BALIUS WAS NOT ! SOLE CRITIC1 BUT HE WAS ONE ( ! MO/ \T/&+ & ( C\RSE ! ONE MO/ CONSI/5T1 COH]5T & RADICAL4 ,BALIUS'S M]IT RESIDES 9 HIS HAV+ SECUR$ ! BACK+ ( A SIZABLE GR\P ( MILITIANS OPPOS$ TO ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! ,MILITIAS4 ,! CONJUNCTION ( !SE MILITIANS1 L$ BY ,PABLO ,RUIZ1 ) O!R AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S OPPOS$ TO ! ,C,N,T'S COLLABORATIONI/ POLICY F\ND ITS POLITICAL VIEWS >TICULAT$ 9 !ORETICAL T]MS 9 ,BALIUS'S >TICLES & CRITICISMS4 ,?OSE VIEWS W]E TO CRY/ALLIZE 9 ! PROGRAM SET \T ON ! PO/] DAT+ FROM LATE ,APRIL #aicg & W\LD BE SPELL$ \T 9 GREAT] DETAIL 9 ,EL ,AMIGO DEL ,PUEBLO NEWSPAP]1 PUBLI%$ AFT] ! ,MAY ,EV5TS4 

,SO1 TO SUM UP3 AL?\< ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ,GR\P+ WAS =MALLY LAUN*$ ON ,M>* #a#g1 #a#i#c#g1 ITS ORIG9S CAN BE TRAC$ TO ! DEEP-SEAT$ MALAISE CREAT$ 9 MILITIANS' RANKS BY ! ,G5]ALIDAD DECREE ON MILIT>IZATION ( ! ,PEOPLE'S ,MILITIAS1 :I* IS TO SAY1 TO LATE ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#f1 :5 ,DURRUTI WAS /ILL ALIVE4 ,!N AGA91 ,BALIUS HAD COME TO PROM95CE AS E>LY AS #aice AS A J\RNALI/ & AN>*I/ IDEOLOGUE1 KN[N = HIS 9T]E/+ !ORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS ON NATIONALISM1 HIS SAVAGE CRITICISMS ( ! ,CATALAN B\RGEOISIE'S POLITICAL ACTIVITIES1 HIS ATTACKS ON ,MACIA & ,COMPANYS1 HIS EXPOSE ( ! ,CATALANI/ FASCISM EMBODI$ 9 ,D5CAS & ,BADIA1 AS WELL AS HIS ANALYSIS ( ! EV5TS ( ,OCTOB] #aicd 9 ,CATALONIA FROM A ,C,N,T P]SPECTIVE4 ,NOR WAS COLLABORATION BETWE5 ,JAIME ,BALIUS & ,PABLO ,RUIZ ANY?+ NEW1 S9CE !Y HAD JO9TLY WRITT5 A PAMPHLET.<#e#g.> & HAD BO? BELONG$ TO ! SAME AN>*I/ AFF9ITY GR\P1 0,R5AC]0 -- ?AT BE+ ! NAME ( ! PUBLI%+ H\SE :I* HAD ISSU$ ,BALIUS'S PAMPHLETS PRIOR TO ,JULY #a#i#c#f4.<#e#h.> ,9 ADDITION TO ,JAIME ,BALIUS & ,PABLO ,RUIZ1 ! 0,R5AC]0 GR\P 9CLUD$ ,FRANCISCO ,PELLIC] 7:O W\LD BE ! ,IRON ,COLUMN'S DELEGATE DUR+ ! CIVIL W>7 & ,BRUNO ,LLADO 7:O WAS A ,SABADELL CITY C\NCILOR DUR+ ! W> & ! ,G5]ALIDAD ,DEP>TM5T ( ,ECONOMY'S COM>CAL DELEGATE74.<#e#i.> 

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