,*APT] #eg 
,! ,EXHAU/ION ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SPIRIT 

#aiiaii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,*RI/IAN C1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,REVOLUTION>Y LEAD]S AFRAID TO MOVE -- ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS -- ,MONTAGN>DS -- ,9ACTIVITY ( ,CONV5TION -- ,COMMISSION]S ( ,CONV5TION WORK ONLY TO /R5G!N ,MONTAGN>D REGIME 

,! MOVEM5T ( ,MAY #c#a1 #a#g#i#c1 HAD MADE IT POSSIBLE = ! ,REVOLUTION TO COMPLETE ! WORK :I* PROV$ TO BE ITS PR9CIPAL A*IEVEM5T3 ! F9AL ABOLITION1 )\T R$EMPTION1 ( FEUDAL RI<TS1 & ! ABOLITION ( ROYAL DESPOTISM4 ,BUT1 ?IS DONE1 ! ,REVOLUTION WAS COM+ TO A /&/ILL4 ,! MASS ( ! PEOPLE W]E WILL+ TO GO FUR!R2 BUT ?OSE :OM ! TIDE ( ,REVOLUTION HAD C>RI$ TO ! HEAD ( ! MOVEM5T D>$ NOT ADVANCE4 ,!Y DID NOT WI% ! ,REVOLUTION TO LAY H&S ON ! WEAL? ( ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 AS IT HAD ?AT ( ! NOBILITY & CL]GY1 & !Y /RA9$ ALL !IR P[] TO MOD]ATE1 TO >RE/1 & EV5TUALLY TO CRU% ! MOVEM5T ?AT WAS BEG9N+ 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 ,EV5 ! MORE ADVANC$ & ! MORE S9C]E AMONG !M1 AS !Y GRADUALLY NE>$ P[]1 DEVELOP$ ! GREATE/ CONSID]ATION = ! MIDDLE CLASSES1 AL?\< !Y HAT$ !M4 ,!Y /IFL$ !IR [N ASPIRATIONS T[>DS EQUALITY1 !Y EV5 CONSID]$ :AT ! ,5GLI% MIDDLE CLASSES MI<T SAY ( !M4 ,9 !IR TURN !Y BECAME 0/ATESM510 & LABOR$ TO BUILD UP A /RONG C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5T1 :OSE COMPON5T P>TS %\LD OBEY !M BL9DLY4 ,!Y SUCCE$$ 9 ]ECT+ ?IS P[] OV] ! CORPSES ( ?OSE :OM !Y HAD F\ND TOO ADVANC$1 BUT !Y REALIZ$1 :5 !Y !MSELVES M\NT$ ! SCAFFOLD1 ?AT 9 DE/ROY+ ! ADVANC$ P>TY1 !Y HAD KILL$ ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,AFT] HAV+ SANCTION$ BY LAW :AT ! PEASANTS HAD DEM&$ DUR+ ! LA/ F\R YE>S1 & HAD ALREADY A*IEV$ H]E & !RE1 ! ,CONV5TION WAS 9CAPABLE ( UND]TAK+ ANY?+ MORE ( IMPORTANCE4 ,EXCEPT 9 MATT]S ( NATIONAL DEF5SE & $UCATION1 ITS WORK H5CE=? WAS /]ILE4 ,! LEGISLATORS SANCTION$1 IT IS TRUE1 ! =MATION ( REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEES & DECID$ TO PAY ?OSE ( ! POOR SANS-CULOTTES :O GAVE !IR TIME TO S]VE ON ! SECTIONS & ! COMMITTEES2 BUT !SE MEASURES1 APP>5TLY SO DEMOCRATIC1 W]E NOT MEASURES ( REVOLUTION>Y DEMOLITION OR CREATION4 ,!Y W]E BUT MEANS = ORGANIZ+ ! P[] ( ! ,/ATE4 

,IT WAS \TSIDE ! ,CONV5TION & ! ,JACOB9 ,CLUB--9 ! ,COMMUNE ( ,P>IS1 9 C]TA9 SECTIONS ( ! CAPITAL & ( ! PROV9CES1 & 9 ! ,CORDELI]S' ,CLUB1 ?AT A FEW M5 W]E TO BE F\ND :O UND]/OOD ?AT TO SECURE ! VICTORIES ALREADY GA9$1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO M>* FUR!R /ILL1 & !Y 5DEAVOR$ !RE=E TO =MULATE ! ASPIRATIONS ( A SOCIAL *>ACT] :I* W]E BEG9N+ TO APPE> AMONG ! MASSES4 

,!Y MADE A BOLD ATTEMPT AT ORGANIZ+ ,FRANCE AS AN AGGREGATE ( =TY ?\S& COMMUNES1 REGUL>LY CORRESPOND+ AMONG !MSELVES1 & REPRES5T+ SO MANY C5T]S ( EXTREME DEMOCRACY1#a :I* %\LD WORK TO E/ABLI% ! REAL EQUALITY--L'EGALITE DE FAIT1 AS US$ !N TO BE SAID1 ! 0EQUALIZATION ( 9COMES40 ,!Y S\<T TO DEVELOP ! G]MS ( MUNICIPAL COMMUNISM :I* ! LAW ( MAXIMUM HAD RECOGNIZ$2 !Y ADVOCAT$ ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! TRADE 9 PRIME COMMODITIES AS ! BE/ MEANS = COMBAT+ ! MONOPOLI/S & ! SPECULATORS4 ,& !Y ATTEMPT$1 F9ALLY1 TO PREV5T ! =MATION ( L>GE =TUNES1 & TO DI/RIBUTE ?OSE ALREADY AMASS$4 ,BUT1 ONCE !Y HAD REA*$ P[]1 ! REVOLUTIONI/S FROM ! MIDDLE CLASSES TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ! =CE ?AT HAD BE5 CON/ITUT$ 9 ! H&S ( ! TWO ,COMMITTEES ( ,PUBLIC ,WELF>E & ,G5]AL ,SAFETY1 :OSE AU?ORITY GREW ) DANG]S ( ! W>1 & !Y CRU%$ ?OSE :OM !Y NAM$ ! ,5RAGES--ONLY TO SUCCUMB 9 !IR TURN1 9 ! MON? ( ,!RMIDOR1 TO ! ATTACKS ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y MIDDLE CLASSES4 

,SO LONG AS ! ,MONTAGN>DS HAD TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,GIROND9S1 !Y S\<T ! SUPPORT ( ! POPUL> REVOLUTIONI/S4 ,9 ,M>* & 9 ,APRIL #a#g#i#c1 !Y APPE>$READY TO GO F> 9 COMPANY ) ! PROLET>IANS4 ,BUT HAV+ 5T]$ 9TO P[]1 MO/ ( !M ?\<T ONLY ( E/ABLI%+ A 0MIDWAY0 P>TY1 TAK+ A /& BETWE5 ! ,5RAGES & ! C\NT]-REVOLUTIONI/S1 & !Y TREAT$ AS 5EMIES ?OSE :O /OOD = ! ASPIRATIONS ( ! PEOPLE T[>DS EQUALITY4 ,!Y CRU%$ !M BY FRU/RAT+ ALL !IR ATTEMPTS AT ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES 9 ! SECTIONS & ! COMMUNES4 

,! FACT IS ?AT ! ,MONTAGN>DS1 ) ONE OR TWO EXCEPTIONS1 HAD NOT EV5 ! COMPREH5SION ( POPUL> NE$S 9DISP5SABLE 9 CON/ITUT+ A P>TY ( DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION4 ,!Y DID NOT UND]/& ! PROLET>IAN1 ) HIS TR\BLES1 HIS (T5 />V+ FAMILY1 & HIS /ILL VAGUE & =MULAT$ ASPIRATIONS AFT] EQUALITY4 ,IT WAS RA!R ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! AB/RACT1 ! UNITY ( A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY ?AT 9T]E/$ !M4 

,) ! EXCEPTION ( A FEW ADVANC$ ,MONTAGN>DS1 :5 A COMMISSION] ( ! ,CONV5TION >RIV$ 9 A PROV9CIAL T[N1 ! QUE/IONS ( EMPLOYM5T & PROSP]ITY )9 ! ,REPUBLIC & ! EQUAL 5JOYM5T ( AVAILABLE COMMODITIES BY ALL 9T]E/$ HIM BUT LITTLE4 ,HAV+ BE5 S5T TO ORGANIZE RESI/ANCE TO ! 9VASION & TO R\SE ! PATRIOTIC FEEL+1 HE ACT$ AS A DEMOCRATIC (FICIAL = :OM ! PEOPLE W]E BUT ! TOOLS :I* W]E TO HELP HIM TO C>RY \T ! PLANS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T4 

,IF HE PRES5T$ HIMSELF AT ! LOCAL ,POPUL> ,SOCIETY1 IT WAS BECAUSE1 ! MUNICIPALITY BE+ 0WORM-EAT5 ) >I/OCRACY10 ! ,POPUL> ,SOCIETY W\LD HELP HIM TO 0PURIFY MUNICIPALITY10 ) A VIEW TO ORGANIZ+ ! NATIONAL DEF5SE & >RE/+ ! TRAITORS4 

,IF HE IMPOS$ TAXES ON ! RI*1 (T5 V]Y HEAVY ONES1 IT WAS BECAUSE ! RI*1 0WORM-EAT5 ) COMM]CIALISM10 W]E 9 SYMPA?Y ) ! ,FEUILLANTS OR ! ,F$]ALI/S & W]E HELP+ ! 5EMY4 ,IT WAS ALSO BECAUSE BY TAX+ !M1 MEANS W]E PROVID$ TO FE$ & CLO! ! >MIES4 

,IF HE PROCLAIM$ EQUALITY 9 SOME T[N1 IF HE =BADE ! BAK+ ( :ITE BREAD & RECOMM5D$ ! 9HABITANTS TO USE BLACK OR BEAN-BREAD ONLY1 HE DID SO 9 ORD] ?AT ! SOLDI]S MI<T BE F$4 ,& :5 SOME AG5T ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,WELF>E ORGANIZ$ A POPUL> FETE1 & WROTE AFT]W>DS TO ,ROBESPI]RE ?AT HE HAD UNIT$ A C]TA9 NUMB] ( Y\NG WOM5 & Y\NG PATRIOTS 9 W$LOCK1 IT WAS YET ANO!R /ROKE MILIT>Y PATRIOTISM4 ,IT IS REM>KABLE1 !RE=E1 :5 WE N[ READ ! LETT]S ( ! DEPUTY COMMISSION]S ( ! ,CONV5TION1 ADDRESS$ TO ! ,CONV5TION OR ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,WELF>E1 ?AT WE F9D NO?+ 9 !M AB\T ! GREAT QUE/IONS :I* W]E !N SO 9T]E/+ TO ! PEASANTS & ! WORK+ M54#b ,?AT MILIT>Y MATT]S & ?OSE ( PROVISION+ ! >MIES %\LD PR$OM9ATE 9 ?IS CORRESPOND5CE IS QUITE NATURAL4 ,BUT ! TIME WAS ONE ( REVOLUTION1 & ! COMMISSION]S MU/ HAVE CONT9UALLY COME ACROSS SUBJECTS ( VITAL IMPORTANCE TO ! ,REVOLUTION--! MORE SO AS !Y SPOKE 9 !IR LETT]S ( PUBLIC FEEL+1 ( ! RECEPTION GIV5 TO ! ,MONTAGN>D ,CONV5TION & ITS ,CON/ITUTION1 ( ! DIFFICULTIES ( F9D+ PROVISIONS = ! >MIES1 & ( ! SC>CITY ( AVAILABLE MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE4 ,& YET ! GREAT ECONOMIC QUE/IONS1 :I* W]E ( SU* IMM5SE IMPORTANCE OR ! POOR1 SEEM TO HAVE 9T]E/$ ONLY ?REE OR F\R ( ! COMMISSION]S4 

,! ,CONV5TION HAD AT LA/ ABOLI%$ ! FEUDAL RI<TS1 & HAD ORD]$ ! BURN+ ( ! TITLE-DE$S--AN OP]ATION :I* AS C>RI$ \T ) MU* ILL-WILL2 & IT HAD AU?ORIZ$ ! VILLAGE COMMUNITIES TO RECOV] POSSESSION ( ?OSE L&S :I* HAD BE5 TAK5 FROM !M1 UND] V>I\S PRETEXTS1 DUR+ ! PA/ TWO HUNDR$ YE>S4 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT TO C>RY \T !SE MEASURES1 & TO C>RY !M \T AT ONCE1 W\LD HAVE BE5 ! WAY TO R\SE ! 5?USIASM ( ! MASSES = ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT 9 ! LETT]S ( ! COMMISSION]S SC>CELY ANY?+ CAN BE F\ND ON ?IS SUBJECT4#c ,! Y\NG] ,JULLI51 9 HIS MO/ 9T]E/+ LETT]S1 ADDRESS$ TO ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,WELF>E & TO HIS FRI5D & PATRON1 ,ROBESPI]RE1 ONLY ONCE M5TIONS ?AT HE HAS HAD ! FEUDAL TITLE-DE$S BURNT4#d ,9 ! SAME WAY ONLY A PASS+ M5TION ( ?IS SUBJECT IS MADE ONCE BY ,COLLOT D',H]BOIS4#e 

,EV5 :5 ! COMMISSION]S SPEAK ( ! SUPPLIES ( FOOD--& !Y HAVE (T5 TO DO SO--!Y DO NOT GO TO ! ROOT ( ! QUE/ION4 ,!RE IS BUT ONE LETT] ( ,JEANBON ,SA9T-,&RE1 DAT$ ,M>* #b#f1 #a#g#i#c1 :I* IS AN EXCEPTION2 BUT EV5 ?AT LETT] IS ANT]IOR TO ! MOVEM5T ( ,MAY #c#a3 LAT] ON1 HE TOO TURN$ AGA9/ ! ADVANC$ REVOLUTIONI/S4#f 

,WRIT+ FROM ! ,LOT-ET-,G>ONNE1 ONE ( ! DEP>TM5TS MO/ 9 SYMPA?Y ) ! ,REVOLUTION1 ,JEANBON BEGG$ HIS COLLEAGUES 9 ! COMMITTEE NOT TO BL9D !MSELVES TO DANG]S ( ! SITUATION3 0,IT IS SU*10 SAID HE1 0?AT IF \R C\RAGE DOES NOT BR+ =? ONE ( ?OSE EXTRAORD9>Y EV5TS :I* R\SE PUBLIC OP9ION 9 ,FRANCE & GIVE IT NEW /R5G?1 !RE IS NO MORE HOPE4 ,! DI/URBANCES 9 ,LA ,V5DEE & 9 ! NEI<BOR+ DEP>TM5TS >E NO D\BT SU* AS TO CAUSE ANXIETY1 BUT !Y >E REALLY DANG]\S ONLY BECAUSE ! SACR$ 5?USIASM = LIB]TY IS BE+ /IFL$ 9 EV]Y HE>T4 ,EV]Y:]E M5 >E WE>Y ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! RI* HATE IT1 POOR LACK BREAD4440 & 0ALL ?OSE :O W]E UNTIL N[ T]M$ 'MOD]ATES1' :O MADE SOME SORT ( COMMON CAUSE ) ! REPUBLICANS1 & :O AT LEA/ DESIR$ SOME K9D ( REVOLUTION1 NO LONG] WI% = IT N[4444 ,LET US SAY IT OP5LY1 !Y DESIRE A C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,%\LD A NEW ,CONV5TION BE SUMMON$1 ! ,FR5* PEOPLE W\LD EI!R REFUSE TO ELECT IT1 OR !Y W\LD ELECT ONE 5TIRELY OPPOS$ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( LIB]TY4 ,EV5 ! MUNICIPAL C\NCILS >E WEAK OR CORRUPT$40 ,SU*1 AT LEA/1 !Y W]E F\ND TO BE 9 ALL ! DI/RICTS ?AT !SE TWO REPRES5TATIVES HAD VISIT$4 

,JEANBON ?US DEM&$ BROAD & RIGOR\S MEASURES4 ,& AT ! 5D ( HIS LETT] HE AGA9 REF]R$ TO ?IS SUBJECT 9 A PO/SCRIPT4 0,! POOR MAN10 SAID HE1 0HAS NO BREAD4 ,AL?\< GRA9 IS NOT LACK+1 IT HAS BE5 HO>D$4 ,IT IS IMP]ATIVE TO HELP ! POOR TO LIVE1 IF Y\ WANT !M TO HELP Y\ TO UPHOLD ! ,REVOLUTION4444 ,WE ?9K ?AT A DECREE ORD]+ A G5]AL LEVY ( ALL K9DS ( GRA9 W\LD BE V]Y GOOD1 ESPECIALLY IF A CLAUSE BE ADD$ E/ABLI%+ PUBLIC GRAN>IES1 =M$ ) ! SUP]FLU\S /OCK ( PRIVATE P]SONS40 ,JEANBON ,SA9T-,&RE IMPLOR$ ,B>]E TO TAKE ! LEAD 9 !SE MATT]S4#g ,BUT H[ WAS IT POSSIBLE TO >\SE 9T]E/ 9 ! ,CONV5TION = SU* ?+S8 

,! /R5G!N+ ( ! ,MONTAGN>D REGIME WAS :AT MO/ ( ALL 9T]E/$ ! COMMISSION]S4 ,H[EV]1 LIKE ALL /ATESM5 :O PREC$$1 LIKE ALL :O WILL SUCCE$ !M1 IT WAS NOT 9 ! G5]AL WELL-BE+ & HAPP9ESS = ! GREAT MASS ( ! PEOPLE ?AT !Y S\<T A F\NDATION4 ,IT WAS 9 ! WEAK5+ &1 AT NE$1 9 ! EXT]M9ATION NATION ( ! 5EMIES ( ?IS REGIME4 ,!Y SOON WELCOM$ ! ,T]ROR1 AS A MEANS ( CRU%+ ! 5EMIES ( ! DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLIC2 BUT NEV] DO WE SEE !M WELCOM+ BROAD MEASURES ( GREAT ECONOMIC *ANGE1 NOT EV5 ?OSE = :I* !Y HAD !MSELVES VOT$ UND] ! PRESSURE ( CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,! MUNICIPAL FUNCTION WAS 0! LA/ T]M ( ! ,REVOLUTION10 AS ,MIGNET HAS SO WELL SAID 7,HI/OIRE DE LA ,REVOLUTION FRANCAISE1 #a#i? $ITION1 VOL4 II4 P4 #c#a74 0,OPPOS$ 9 ITS AIMS TO ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,PUBLIC ,WELF>E1 IT DESIR$1 9 LIEU ( ! ORD9>Y DICTATOR%IP1 ! MO/ EXTREME LOCAL DEMOCRACY1 & 9 ! PLACE ( CRE$S ! CONSECRATION ( ! GROSSE/ DISBELIEF4 ,AN>*Y 9 POLITICS & A!ISM 9 RELIGI\S AFFAIRS1 SU* W]E ! DI/9CTIVE FEATURES ( ?IS P>TY & ! MEANS BY :I* !Y C\NT$ ON E/ABLI%+ ITS P[]40 ,IT MU/1 H[EV]1 BE REM>K$ ?AT ONLY A P>T ( ! 0AN>*I/S0 FOLL[$ ,HEB]T 9 HIS ANTI-RELIGI\S CAMPAIGN1 :ILE MANY LEFT HIM ON REALIZ+ ! =CE ( RELIGI\S SPIRIT 9 ! VILLAGES4 

#b,!SE LETT]S MAY BE F\ND 9 ! ,RECUEIL DES ,ACTES DU ,COMITE DE ,SALUT ,PUBLIC1 PUBLI%$ BY ,T4 ,AUL>D4 ,P>IS1 #ahhi & FOLL[+ YE>S2 SO 9 ,LEGROS1 ,LA ,REVOLUTION TELLE QU'ELLE E/3 ,CORRESPONDANCE DU ,COMITE DE ,SALUT ,PUBLIC AVEC SES G5]AUX1 #b VOLS41 ,P>IS1 #a#h#c#g4 

#c,! LETT]S PUBLI%$ 9 ! COLLECTION ( ,AUL>D1 OR 9 ?AT ( ,LEGROS1 >E PALPITAT+ ) 9T]E/ 9 EV]Y WAY2 BUT ,I HAVE S\<T 9 VA9 = TRACES ( ACTIVITY ( ! COMMISSION]S 9 ?IS DIRECTION4 ,ONLY ,JEANBON ,SA9T-,&RE1 ,COLLOT D',H]BOIS1 ,F\*E1 & ,DUBOIS ,CRANCE SOMETIMES T\* ON ! GREAT QUE/IONS :I* SO 9T]E/$ ! PEASANTS & ! PROLET>IANS 9 ! T[NS4 ,IT MAY BE ?AT !RE >E O!R LETT]S ( COMMISSION]S :I* ,I DO NOT KN[2 BUT :AT SEEMS TO ME C]TA9 IS ?AT ! GREAT] P>T ( ! ,COMMISSION]S TOOK BUT LITTLE 9T]E/ 9 !SE MATT]S4 

#d,UNE ,MISSION 5 ,V5DEE4 

#e,AUL>D1 ,RECUEIL DES ,ACTES DU ,COMITE DE ,SALUT ,PUBLIC1 VOL4 V4 P4 #e#e4 

#f,?IS LETT] IS SIGN$ BY ! TWO COMMISSION]S1 ,JEANBON & ,LACO/E1 :O HAD BE5 S5T TO ?IS DEP>TM5T2 BUT IT IS 9 ! WRIT+ ( ! =M]4 

#g,ACTES DU ,COMITE DE ,SALUT ,PUBLIC1 PUBLI%$ BY ,AUL>D1 VOL4 III4 PP4 #e#c#c-#e#c#d4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aih 3 ,*APT] #eg -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#i1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #eg -- ,ADD$4 

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