,! ,IDEA ( ,MAY ,DAY ON ! ,M>* 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,WRITT53 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ,LIEPZIG] ,VOLKSZEITUNG1 ,APRIL #c1 #a#i#a#c4 
,PUBLI%$3 ,FROM ,SELECT$ ,POLITICAL ,WRIT+S ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 TR4 ,DICK ,H[>D 7,N,Y3 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#a74 
,ONL9E ,V]SION3 M>XI/S4ORG ,APRIL #b#b4 

,9 ! MIDDLE ( ! WILDE/ ORGIES ( IMP]IALISM1 ! WORLD HOLIDAY ( ! PROLET>IAT IS REPEAT+ ITSELF = ! TW5TY-F\R? TIME4 ,:AT HAS TAK5 PLACE 9 ! QU>T] ( A C5TURY S9CE ! EPO*-MAK+ DECISION TO CELEBRATE ,MAY ,DAY IS AN IMM5SE P>T ( ! HI/ORICAL PA?4 ,:5 ! ,MAY DEMON/RATION MADE ITS DEBUT1 ! VANGU>D ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS1 WAS BREAK+ ! *A9S ( A %AMEFUL LAW ( EXCEPTION & SETT+ \T ON ! PA? ( A FREE1 LEGAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,! P]IOD ( ! LONG DEPRESSION ON ! WORLD M>KET S9CE ! CRA% ( ! #a#h#gS HAD BE5 OV]COME1 & ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY HAD JU/ BEGUN A PHASE ( SPL5DID GR[? :I* W\LD LA/ NE>LY A DECADE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 AFT] TW5TY YE>S ( UNBROK5 PEACE1 ! WORLD BREA!D A SI< ( RELIEF1 REMEMB]+ ! P]IOD ( W> 9 :I* ! MOD]N ,EUROPEAN /ATE SY/EM HAD RECEIV$ ITS BLOODY BAPTISM4 ,! PA? SEEM$ FREE = A PEACEFUL CULTURAL DEVELOPM5T2 ILLUSIONS1 HOPES ( A REASONABLE1 PACIFIC DISCUSSION BETWE5 LABOR & CAPITAL GREW ABUNDANTLY LIKE GRE5 CORN 9 ! RANKS ( SOCIALISM4 ,PROPOSITIONS LIKE 0TO HOLD \T ! OP5 H& TO ! GOOD WILL0 M>K$ ! BEG9N+ ( ! #a#h#iS2 PROMISES ( AN IMP]CEPTIBLE 0GRADUAL MOVE 9TO SOCIALISM0 M>K$ ITS 5D4 ,CRISES1 W>S1 & REVOLUTION W]E SUPPOS$ TO HAVE BE5 ?+S ( ! PA/1 ! BABY %OES ( MOD]N SOCIETY2 P>LIAM5T>ISM & UNIONS1 DEMOCRACY 9 ! /ATE & DEMOCRACY 9 ! FACTORY W]E SUPPOS$ TO OP5 ! DOORS ( A NEW1 BETT] ORD]4 

,! C\RSE ( EV5TS HAS SUBMITT$ ALL ( !SE ILLUSIONS TO A FE>FUL TE/4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! #a#h#iS1 9 PLACE ( ! PROMIS$1 SMOO?1 SOCIAL-RE=M+ CULTURAL DEVELOPM5T1 BEGAN A P]IOD ( ! MO/ VIOL5T & ACUTE %>P5+ ( ! CAPITALI/IC CONTRADICTIONS - A /ORM & /RESS1 A CRA%+ & COLLID+1 A WAV]+ & QUAK+ 9 ! F\NDATIONS ( ! SOCIETY4 ,9 ! FOLL[+ DECADE1 ! T5-YE> P]IOD ( ECONOMIC PROSP]ITY WAS PAID = BY TWO VIOL5T WORLD CRISES4 ,AFT] TWO DECADES ( WORLD PEACE1 9 ! LA/ DECADE ( ! PA/ C5TURY FOLL[$ SIX BLOODY W>S1 & 9 ! FIR/ DECADE ( ! NEW C5TURY F\R BLOODY REVOLUTIONS4 ,9/EAD ( ! SOCIAL RE=MS - CONSPIRACY LAWS1 P5AL LAWS1 & P5AL PRAXIS2 9/EAD ( 9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY - ! P[]FUL CONC5TRATION ( CAPITAL 9 C>TELS & BUS9ESS ASSOCIATIONS1 & ! 9T]NATIONAL PRACTICE ( GIGANTIC LOCK-\TS4 ,& 9/EAD ( ! NEW GR[? ( DEMOCRACY 9 ! /ATE - A MIS]ABLE BREAKD[N ( ! LA/ REMNANTS ( B\RGEOIS LIB]ALISM & B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,SPECIFICALLY 9 ! CASE ( ,G]MANY ! FATE ( ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES S9CE ! #a#h#iS HAS BR\<T3 ! RISE & IMM$IATE1 HOPELESS DISSOLUTION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/S2 ! SPLIT ( ! 0RADICAL0 OPPOSITION & ! REUNIFICATION ( ITS SPL9T]S 9 ! MORASS ( ! REACTION2 & F9ALLY ! TRANS=MATION ( ! 0C5T]0 FROM A RADICAL PEOPLES' P>TY TO A CONS]VATIVE GOV]NM5TAL P>TY4 ,! %IFT+ 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! P>TIES WAS SIMIL> 9 O!R CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 ,9 G5]AL1 ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK+ CLASS SEES ITSELF TODAY /&+ ALONE1 OPPOS$ TO A CLOS$1 HO/ILE REACTION ( ! RUL+ CLASSES & !IR MALICI\S TRICKS4 

,! SIGN UND] :I* ?IS :OLE DEVELOPM5T1 BO? ECONOMIC & POLITICAL1 HAS BE5 CONSUMMAT$1 ! =MULA BACK TO :I* ITS RESULTS PO9T1 IS IMP]IALISM4 ,?IS IS NO NEW ELEM5T1 NO UNEXPECT$ TURN 9 ! G5]AL HI/ORICAL PA? ( ! CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,>MAM5TS & W>S1 9T]NATIONAL CONTRADICTIONS & COLONIAL POLITICS ACCOMPANY ! HI/ORY ( CAPITALISM FROM ITS CRADLE4 ,IT IS ! MO/ EXTREME 9T5SIFICATION ( !SE ELEM5TS1 A DRAW+ TOGE!R1 A GIGANTIC /ORM+ ( !SE CONTRADICTIONS :I* HAS PRODUC$ A NEW EPO* 9 ! C\RSE ( MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,9 A DIALECTICAL 9T]ACTION1 BO? CAUSE & EFFECT ( ! IMM5SE ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL & ! HEI<T5+ & %>P5+ ( ! CONTRADICTIONS :I* GO ) IT 9T]NALLY1 BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR2 EXT]NALLY1 BETWE5 ! CAPITALI/ /ATES - IMP]IALISM HAS OP5$ ! F9AL PHASE1 ! DIVISION ( ! WORLD BY ! ASSAULT ( CAPITAL4 ,A *A9 ( UN5D+1 EXORBITANT >MAM5TS ON L& & ON SEA 9 ALL CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES BECAUSE ( RIVALRIES2 A *A9 ( BLOODY W>S :I* HAVE SPREAD FROM ,AFRICA TO ,EUROPE & :I* AT ANY MOM5T C\LD LI<T ! SP>K :I* W\LD BECOME A WORLD FIRE2 MOREOV]1 = YE>S ! UN*ECKABLE SPECT] ( 9FLATION1 ( MASS HUNG] 9 ! :OLE CAPITALI/ WORLD - ALL ( !SE >E ! SIGNS UND] :I* ! WORLD HOLIDAY ( LABOR1 AFT] NE>LY A QU>T] ( A C5TURY1 APPROA*ES4 ,& EA* ( !SE SIGNS IS A FLAM+ TE/IMONY ( ! LIV+ TRU? & ! P[] ( ! IDEA ( ,MAY ,DAY4 

,! BRILLIANT BASIC IDEA ( ,MAY ,DAY IS ! AUTONOM\S1 IMM$IATE /EPP+ =W>D ( ! PROLET>IAN MASSES1 ! POLITICAL MASS ACTION ( ! MILLIONS ( WORK]S :O O!RWISE >E ATOMIZ$ BY ! B>RI]S ( ! /ATE 9 ! DAY-TO-DAY P>LIAM5T>Y AFFAIRS1 :O MO/LY CAN GIVE EXPRESSION TO !IR [N WILL ONLY ?R\< ! BALLOT1 ?R\< ! ELECTION ( !IR REPRES5TATIVES4 ,! EXCELL5T PROPOSAL ( ! ,FR5*MAN ,LAVIGNE AT ! ,P>IS ,CONGRESS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ADD$ TO ?IS P>LIAM5T>Y1 9DIRECT MANIFE/ATION ( ! WILL ( ! PROLET>IAT A DIRECT1 9T]NATIONAL MASS MANIFE/ATION3 ! /RIKE AS A DEMON/RATION & MEANS ( /RUGGLE = ! EI<T-H\R DAY1 WORLD PEACE1 & SOCIALISM4 

,& 9 EFFECT :AT AN UPSW+ ?IS IDEA1 ?IS NEW =M ( /RUGGLE HAS TAK5 ON 9 ! LA/ DECADE6 ,! MASS /RIKE HAS BECOME AN 9T]NATIONALLY RECOGNIZ$1 9DISP5SABLE WEAPON ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,AS A DEMON/RATION1 AS A WEAPON 9 ! /RUGGLE1 IT RETURNS AGA9 9 9NUM]ABLE =MS & GRADATIONS 9 ALL C\NTRIES = NE>LY FIFTE5 YE>S4 ,AS A SIGN ( ! REVOLUTION>Y REANIMATION ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,RUSSIA1 AS A T5ACI\S MEANS ( /RUGGLE 9 ! H&S ( ! ,BELGIAN PROLET>IAT1 IT HAS JU/ N[ PROV$ ITS LIV+ P[]4 ,& ! NEXT1 MO/ BURN+ QUE/ION 9 ,G]MANY - ! ,PRUSSIAN VOT+ RI<TS - OBVI\SLY1 BECAUSE ( ITS PREVI\S SLIP%OD TREATM5T1 PO9TS TO A RIS+ MASS ACTION ( ! ,PRUSSIAN PROLET>IAT UP TO ! MASS /RIKE AS ! ONLY POSSIBLE SOLUTION4 

,NO WOND]6 ,! :OLE DEVELOPM5T1 ! :OLE T5D5CY ( IMP]IALISM 9 ! LA/ DECADE LEADS ! 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS TO SEE MORE CLE>LY & MORE TANGIBLY ?AT ONLY ! P]SONAL /EPP+ =W>D ( ! BROADE/ MASSES1 !IR P]SONAL POLITICAL ACTION1 MASS DEMON/RATIONS1 & MASS /RIKES :I* MU/ SOON] OR LAT] OP5 9TO A P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLES = ! P[] 9 ! /ATE1 CAN GIVE ! CORRECT ANSW] ( ! PROLET>IAT TO ! IMM5SE OPPRESSION ( IMP]IALI/IC POLICY4 ,9 ?IS MOM5T ( >MAM5T LUNACY & W> ORGIES1 ONLY ! RESOLUTE WILL TO /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ MASSES1 !IR CAPACITY & READ9ESS = P[]FUL MASS ACTIONS1 CAN MA9TA9 WORLD PEACE & PU% AWAY ! M5AC+ WORLD CONFLAGRATION4 ,& ! MORE ! IDEA ( ,MAY ,DAY1 ! IDEA ( RESOLUTE MASS ACTIONS AS A MANIFE/ATION ( 9T]NATIONAL UNITY1 & AS A MEANS ( /RUGGLE = PEACE & = SOCIALISM1 TAKES ROOT 9 ! /RONGE/ TROOPS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS1 ! GREAT] IS \R GU>ANTEE ?AT \T ( ! WORLD W> :I*1 SOON] OR LAT]1 IS UNAVOIDABLE1 WILL COME =? A DEF9ITE & VICTORI\S /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! WORLD ( LABOR & ?AT ( CAPITAL4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #f1 #bba 3 ,! ,IDEA ( ,MAY ,DAY ON ! ,M>* -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,! ,IDEA ( ,MAY ,DAY ON ! ,M>* -- ,UPDAT$4 

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