,! ,ILLUSION ( ,UNIV]SAL ,SUFFRAGE #ahg ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 ,TEXT 3 ,M5 ONCE BELIEV$ ?AT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE W\LD GU>ANTEE ! FRE$OM ( ! PEOPLES4 ,?AT1 ALAS1 WAS A GREAT ILLUSION1 & ! REALIZATION ( ?AT ILLUSION HAS L$ 9 MANY PLACES TO ! D[NFALL & DEMORALIZATION ( ! RADICAL P>TY4 ,! RADICALS DID NOT WI% TO DECEIVE ! PEOPLE--OR SO ! LIB]AL PAP]S ASSURE US--BUT 9 ?AT CASE !Y W]E C]TA9LY !MSELVES DECEIV$4 ,!Y W]E G5U9ELY CONV9C$ :5 !Y PROMIS$ ! PEOPLE FRE$OM ?R\< UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 & 9SPIR$ BY ?AT CONVICTION !Y W]E ABLE TO >\SE ! MASSES & OV]?R[ ! E/ABLI%$ >I/OCRATIC GOV]NM5TS4 ,TODAY1 HAV+ LE>N$ FROM EXP]I5CE & P[] POLITICS1 !Y HAVE LO/ FAI? 9 !MSELVES & 9 !IR [N PR9CIPLES & 9 ?AT WAY !Y HAVE SUNK 9TO DEFEAT & CORRUPTION4 ,YET ! :OLE ?+ SEEM$ SO NATURAL & SO SIMPLE2 ONCE LEGISLATIVE & EXECUTIVE P[] EMANAT$ DIRECTLY FROM A POPUL> ELECTION1 MU/ IT NOT BECOME ! PURE EXPRESSION ( ! PEOPLE'S WILL1 & C\LD ?AT WILL PRODUCE ANY?+ O!R ?AN FRE$OM & WELL-BE+ AMONG ! POPULACE8 ,! :OLE DECEPTION ( ! REPRES5TATIVE SY/EM LIES 9 ! FICTION ?AT A GOV]NM5T & A LEGISLATURE EM]G+ \T ( A POPUL> ELECTION MU/ OR EV5 CAN REPRES5T ! REAL WILL ( ! PEOPLE4 ,9/9CTIVELY & 9EVITABLY ! PEOPLE EXPECT TWO ?+S3 ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE MAT]IAL PROSP]ITY COMB9$ ) ! GREATE/ FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T & ACTION3 ?AT MEANS ! BE/ ORGANIZATION ( POPUL> ECONOMIC 9T]E/S1 & ! COMPLETE ABS5CE ( ANY K9D ( P[] OR POLITICAL ORGANIZATION--S9CE ALL POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS DE/9$ TO 5D 9 ! NEGATION ( FRE$OM4 ,SU* >E ! BASIC LONG+S ( ! PEOPLE4 ,! 9/9CTS ( ! RUL]S1 :E!R !Y LEGISLATE OR EXECUTE ! LAWS1 >E--BY ! V]Y FACT ( !IR EXCEPTIONAL POSITION--DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE4 ,H[EV] DEMOCRATIC MAY BE !IR FEEL+S & !IR 9T5TIONS1 'ONCE !Y A*IEVE ! ELEVATION ( (FICE !Y CAN ONLY VIEW SOCIETY 9 ! SAME WAY AS A S*OOLMA/] VIEWS HIS PUPILS1 & BETWE5 PUPILS & MA/]S EQUALITY CANNOT EXI/4 ,ON ONE SIDE !RE IS ! FEEL+ ( SUP]IORITY ?AT IS 9EVITABLY PROVOK$ BY A POSITION ( SUP]IORITY2 ON ! O!R SIDE1 !RE IS ! S5SE ( 9F]IORITY :I* FOLL[S FROM ! SUP]IORITY ( ! TEA*]1 :E!R HE IS EX]CIS+ AN EXECUTIVE OR A LEGISLATIVE P[]4 ,:O-EV] TALKS ( POLITICAL P[] TALKS ( DOM9ATION2 BUT :]E DOM9ATION EXI/S !RE IS 9EVITABLY A SOME:AT L>GE SECTION ( SOCIETY ?AT IS DOM9AT$1 & ?OSE :O >E DOM9AT$ QUITE NATURALLY DETE/ !IR DOM9ATORS1 :ILE ! DOM9ATORS HAVE NO *OICE BUT TO SUBDUE & OPPRESS ?OSE !Y DOM9ATE4 ,?IS IS ! ET]NAL HI/ORY ( POLITICAL P[]1 EV] S9CE ?AT P[] HAS APPE>$ 9 ! WORLD4 ,?IS IS :AT ALSO EXPLA9S :Y & H[ ! MO/ EXTREME ( DEMOCRATS1 ! MO/ RAG+ REBELS1 BECOME4 ! MO/ CAUTI\S ( CONS]VATIVES AS SOON AS !Y ATTA9 TO P[]4 ,SU* RECANTATIONS >E USUALLY REG>D$ AS ACTS ( TREASON1 BUT ?AT IS AN ]ROR2 !IR MA9 CAUSE IS SIMPLY ! *ANGE ( POSITION & H5CE ( P]SPECTIVE444 ,9 ,SWITZ]L&1 AS ELSE:]E1 ! RUL+ CLASS IS COMPLETELY DIFF]5T & SEP>ATE FROM ! MASS ( ! GOV]N$4 ,H]E1 AS EV]Y:]E1 NO MATT] H[ EGALIT>IAN \R POLITICAL CON/ITUTION MAY BE1 IT IS ! B\RGEOISIE :O RULE1 & IT IS ! PEOPLE--WORK]S & PEASANTS--:O OBEY !IR LAWS4 ,! PEOPLE HAVE NEI!R ! LEISURE NOR ! NECESS>Y $UCATION TO OCCUPY !MSELVES ) GOV]NM5T4 ,S9CE ! B\RGEOISIE HAVE BO?1 !Y HAVE1 9 FACT IF NOT BY RIAT$ AS !Y >E FROM ! PEOPLE BY ALL ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL CIRCUM/ANCES ( !IR EXI/5CE1 CAN ! B\RGEOISIE EXPRESS1 9 LAWS & 9 GOV]NM5T1 ! FEEL+S1 IDEAS & WI%ES ( ! PEOPLE8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE1 & DAILY EXP]I5CE 9 FACT PROVES ?AT1 9 LEGISLATION AS WELL AS GOV]NM5T1 ! B\RGEOISIE IS MA9LY DIRECT$ BY ITS [N 9T]E/S & PREJUDICES1 )\T ANY GREAT CONC]N = ?OSE ( ! PEOPLE4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ALL \R LEGISLATORS1 AS WELL AS ALL ! MEMB]S ( CANTONAL GOV]NM5TS1 >E ELECT$1 DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY1 BY ! PEOPLE4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ON ELECT4ION DAY EV5 ! PR\DE/ ( B\RGEOISIE1 IF !Y HAVE ANY POLITICAL AMBITIONS1 >E OBLIG$ TO PAY C\RT TO ,H] ,MAJE/Y1 ! ,SOV]EIGN ,PEOPLE 444 ,BUT ONCE ! ELECTIONS >E OV]1 ! PEOPLE RETURN TO !IR WORK & ! B\RGEOISIE TO !IR PR(ITABLE BUS9ESSES & POLITICAL 9TRIGUES4 ,!Y NEI!R MEET NOR RECOGNIZE EA* O!R AGA94 ,& H[ CAN ONE EXPECT ! PEOPLE1 BURD5$ BY !IR WORK & IGNORANT = ! MO/ P>T ( CURR5T PROBLEMS1 TO SUP]VISE ! POLITICAL ACTIONS ( !IR REPRES5TATIVES8 ,9 REALITY1 ! CONTROL EX]CIS$ BY VOT]S ON !IR ELECT$ REPRES5TATIVES IS A PURE FICTION4 ,BUT S9CE1 9 ! REPRES5TATIVE SY/EM1 POPUL> CONTROL IS ! ONLY GU>ANTEE ( ! PEOPLE'S FRE$OM1 IT IS QUITE EVID5T ?AT SU* FRE$OM 9 ITS TURN IS NO MORE ?AN A FICTION4 7,S\RCE3 ,LIB,COM4ORG3 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,READ] BY ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK47 ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahfi 3 ,! ,ILLUSION ( ,UNIV]SAL ,SUFFRAGE -- ,PUBLICATION4 ,JULY #a#f1 #bb 3 ,! ,ILLUSION ( ,UNIV]SAL ,SUFFRAGE -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,ILLUSION ( ,UNIV]SAL ,SUFFRAGE -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/