,=EWORD 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 #a#h#i#h1 UND] ! TITLE ,DIE ,9DU/RIELLE ,5TWICKLUNG ,POL5S 9 ,LEIPZIG4 
,S\RCE3 #aigg BY ,CAMPAIGN] ,PUBLICATIONS1 ( ,NEW ,YORK 
,TRANSLAT$3 7FROM ! ,G]MAN7 ,TESSA ,DE,C>LO .<,TRANSLATOR'S ,NOTE.> ,UPDAT$ BY ,TESSA ,DE,C>LO 9 #bd = ! ,M>XI/S ,9T]NET ,>*IVE4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,T$ ,CRAW=D_/,BRIAN ,BAGG9S 
,COPYRI<T3 ,CAMPAIGN] ,PUBLI%]S #a#i#g#g2 PUBLI%$ ) P]MISSION FROM ,CAMPAIGN] ,PUBLI%]S4 

,AL?\< ! SUBJECT ( ! FOLL[+ TREATISE IS A V]Y SPECIALIZ$ ONE1 WE NONE!LESS BELIEVE ?AT IT MAY BE ( MORE ?AN SLI<T 9T]E/ TO ! ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN READ]1 = SEV]AL REASONS4 ,TODAY ECONOMIC QUE/IONS /& 9 ! =EFRONT ( ! 9TELLECTUAL LIFE ( ALL CIVILIZ$ C\NTRIES2 !Y HAVE ALREADY BE5 RECOGNIZ$ AS ! MA9SPR+ ( ALL SOCIAL BE+ & BECOM+4 ,! POLITICAL PHYSIOGNOMY1 ! HI/ORIC DE/9Y ( A C\NTRY IS A SEAL$ BOOK TO US IF WE DO NOT KN[ AB\T ITS ECONOMIC LIFE1 ) ALL ! RESULT+ SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES4 

,IT WAS NOT LONG AGO ?AT ,POL&'S NAME E*O$ ?R\<\T ! :OLE CIVILIZ$ WORLD1 ?AT ITS FATE /IRR$ EV]Y S\L & PROVOK$ EXCITEM5T 9 EV]Y HE>T4 ,LATELY ONE NO LONG] HE>S V]Y MU* AB\T ,POL& - S9CE ,POL& IS A CAPITALI/ C\NTRY4 ,DO WE N[ WANT TO KN[ :AT BECAME ( ! OLD REBEL1 :]E HI/ORIC DE/9Y /E]$ IT8 - ! ANSW] CAN ONLY BE GIV5 ?R\< 9VE/IGATION ( ITS ECONOMIC HI/ORY DUR+ ! LA/ DECADES4 ,! SO-CALL$ ,POLI% QUE/ION CAN BE OBS]V$ & DISCUSS$ FROM SEV]AL /&PO9TS1 BUT = ?OSE :O RECOGNIZE ?AT ! MAT]IAL DEVELOPM5T ( A SOCIETY IS ! KEY TO ITS POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T1 ! ,POLI% QUE/ION CAN ONLY BE SOLV$ ON ! BASIS ( ,POL&'S ECONOMIC LIFE & ITS T5D5CIES4 ,WE HAVE 5DEAVOR$ TO COLLECT ! EXI/+ MAT]IAL = ! SOLUTION ( ! PROBLEM 9 ! FOLL[+ DISCUSSION1 & TO >RANGE IT AS CLE>LY AS POSSIBLE1 AT ! SAME TIME P]MITT+ \RSELVES SOME DIRECT OBS]VATIONS ( A POLITICAL NATURE H]E & !RE4 ,SO ?IS TOPIC1 :I* AT FIR/ GLANCE MI<T APPE> DRY & SPECIALIZ$1 MAY BE ( SOME 9T]E/ TO ! POLITICIAN AS WELL4 

,BUT = /ILL O!R REASONS4 ,WE LIVE 9 A TIME :5 ! P[]FUL ,EMPIRE ( ! ,NOR? PLAYS AN EV] MORE IMPORTANT ROLE 9 ,EUROPEAN POLITICS4 ,ALL EYES >E TURN$ P]SI/5TLY T[>D ,RUSSIA1 & ! AL>M+ PROGRESS ( ,RUSSIAN POLICY 9 ,ASIA IS WAT*$ ) APPREH5SION4 ,PROBABLY IT WILL SOON BE A SECRET TO NO ONE ?AT EV5 ! MO/ IMPORTANT CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES MU/ SOON] OR LAT] PREP>E !MSELVES = A S]I\S ECONOMIC RIVALRY ) ,RUSSIA 9 ,ASIA4 ,!RE=E! ECONOMIC POLICY ( ! ,CZ>I/ EMPIRE SURELY CANNOT BE A MATT] ( COMPLETE 9DIFF]5CE TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPEANS4 ,POL&1 H[EV]1 CON/ITUTES ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT & MO/ PROGRESSIVE 9DU/RIAL DI/RICTS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,EMPIRE1 9 FACT ONE 9 :OSE HI/ORY ! ECONOMIC POLICY ( ,RUSSIA F9DS P]HAPS ITS CLE>E/ EXPRESSION4 

,! MAT]IAL = \R WORK LAY /REWN 9 C\NTLESS &1 9 MANY CASES1 CONTRADICTORY /ATI/ICAL WORKS1 POLEMICAL BRO*URES1 NEWSPAP] >TICLES1 (FICIAL & UN(FICIAL REPORTS2 A ?OR\< /UDY ( ! HI/ORY ( ,POLI% 9DU/RY AS A :OLE1 & 9 P>TICUL> ( ITS PRES5T POSITION1 IS TO BE F\ND 9 NEI!R ! ,POLI% NOR ! ,RUSSIAN OR ,G]MAN LIT]ATURE4 ,ACCORD+LY1 WE BELIEV$ ?AT ?IS RAW & FRAGM5T>Y MAT]IAL HAD TO BE DIGE/$ & PRES5T$ 9 ! MO/ F9I%$ POSSIBLE =M1 9 ORD] TO BR+ ! READ] TO G5]AL CONCLUSIONS AS SMOO?LY AS POSSIBLE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #e1 #bba 3 ,=EWORD -- ,ADD$4 

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