,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #b ,CONDITIONS ( ,9DU/RIAL ,PRODUCTION 9 ,POL& & 9 ,RUSSIA ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ,TEXT 3 ,P>T #b3 ,RUSSIA'S ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY 9 ,POL& #b4#b ,CONDITIONS ( ,9DU/RIAL ,PRODUCTION 9 ,POL& & 9 ,RUSSIA #a4 ,FUEL4 ,ONE ( ! BY F> MO/ IMPORTANT CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION = ANY FACTORY 9DU/RY IS FUEL4 ,= ,POLI% 9DU/RY ?IS FACTOR IS SE5 BY MANY RESE>*]S AS ! DECISIVE ONE 9 ITS DEVELOPM5T1 & IS REG>D$ AS ! MO/ IMPORTANT 9 ITS COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE ) ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY4 ,SO SAYS ! REPORT ( ! ABOVE-M5TION$ COMMISSION ( #a#h#h#f3 0,FUEL IS D\BTLESS ?AT FACTOR ( PRODUCTION :I* MAKES UP ! MO/ IMPORTANT DIFF]5CE 9 ! CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION ( ! C5TRAL GUB]NIAS & ! ,K+DOM ( ,POL&40 ,POLI% 9DU/RY POSSESSES L>GE & RI* COLLI]IES1 :ILE ! C5T] ( ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY1 ! ,MOSC[ DI/RICT1 LIES F> AWAY FROM ! COLLI]IES ( ! ,DONETS >EA & IS 9 ! MA9 =C$ TO RELY ON MORE EXP5SIVE WOOD OR PEAT4 0,! PRICE ( WOOD 9 ! ,MOSC[ GUB]NIA IS HI<] EV]Y DAY1 & ACCORD+ TO ! CALCULATION ( ,5G9E] ,BELIKOV1 CO/S ON ! AV]AGE #a#a4#f TO #a#c4#a KOPECKS P] POOD ( WOOD4 ,PEAT1 :OSE USE 9 ! FACTORIES IS GR[+ RAPIDLY & :I* IS ALREADY BE+ US$ 9 ,MOSC[ TO ! EXT5T ( #a1 CORDS ANNUALLY1 COMES TO #ab & EV5 #af KOPECKS P] POOD1 MA9LY DUE TO HI< TRANSPORT CO/S1 & ITS USE IS 9 ANY CASE ONLY TO A FACTORY'S ADVANTAGE IF IT IS 9 ! CLOSE VIC9ITY ( ! PEATBOG40 ,9 ,MOSC[1 ,RUSSIAN COAL CO/S #a#c4#c KOPECKS 7FROM ,TULA71 #a#g4#e 7FROM ,RIAZAN71 & #be 7FROM ! ,DONETS >EA74 ,5GLI% COAL ALSO CO/S #be KOPECKS P] POOD4 0,H[ MU* MORE RELATIVELY EXP5SIVE ! MO/-US$ FUELS1 WOOD & PEAT1 >E - GIV5 AT ! SAME TIME ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( REPLAC+ !M BY /ILL MORE EXP5SIVE COAL - & H[ VITAL ?IS QUE/ION IS = ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY1 CAN BE JUDG$ BY ! FOLL[+3 ,AV]AGE HEAT PRODUCTION1 ACCORD+ TO ! ACC\NT ( ! SAME ,5G9E] ,BELIKOV1 IS #b1#d#c DEGREES 7,F4,C47 TO #b1#g DEGREES = WOOD1 = ,MOSC[ PEAT #a1#i#b TO #b1#h DEGREES2 ! SAME HEAT PRODUCTION = COAL IS #c1#b#h DEGREES = ?AT FROM ,TULA1 BUT = COAL FROM ,DONETS & = ,5GLI% COAL IT GOES F> ABOVE #e1 DEGREES40 ,9 ?IS CONNECTION1 ,POLI% 9DU/RY F9DS ITSELF 9 A QUITE DIFF]5T SITUATION4 ,! AV]AGE PRICE ( COAL 9 ! MA9 C5T]S ( 9DU/RY - ,SOSN[IEC1 ,LODZ1 & ,W>SAW - >E3 #b4#d-#d4#i#e KOPECKS1 #a#a4#e KOPECKS1 & #ac KOPECKS P] POOD1 ?US LESS ?AN WOOD 9 ,MOSC[1 :ILE HEAT PRODUCTION IS ( C\RSE SIGNIFICANTLY GREAT]4 ,CALCULAT$ P] UNIT ( PRODUCT1 \TLAYS = FUEL AM\NT TO3 P] POOD ( COTTON Y>N 9 ,POL& 9 ,MOSC[ 9 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG #* KOPECKS #i KOPECKS #ec KOPECKS ,!SE FIGURES SUFFICE TO %[ ! GREAT ADVANTAGE ?AT ,POLI% 9DU/RY HAS 9 REG>D TO FUEL OV] ITS ,RUSSIAN COMPETITION4 ,PR(ESSOR ,S*ULZE-,GAV]NITZ NEV]!LESS BELIEVES IT POSSIBLE TO SAY ?AT 0NATURAL ADVANTAGES >E ( NO B5EFIT TO ,POLI% 9DU/RY4 ,C]TA9LY *EAP] FUEL IS PO9T$ TO1 BUT ACCORD+ TO ,M5DELEYEV'S DATA1 COMP>$ ) ! ABOVE-M5TION$ REPORT1 ?IS ADVANTAGE DECL9ES TO ! EXT5T ?AT ,MOSC[ GOES OV] TO NAPH?A FUEL 7ONE POOD ( BITUM9\S COAL 9 ,LODZ1 #a#b-#a#c KOPECKS1 ! SAME HEAT VALUE 9 NAPH?A1 #a#b4#g#e KOPECKS740 ,ON ?AT1 ! FOLL[+ %\LD BE NOT$4 ,FIR/1 A POOD ( BITUM9\S COAL DOES NOT CO/ #a#b-#a#c KOPECKS 9 ,LODZ1 AS ,PR(ESSOR ,S*ULZE-,GAV]NITZ SAYS1 BUT #h4#g#e-#a#c4#e 7OR #h4#c-#a#d4#g71 & A POOD ( NAPH?A COAL1 I4E41 A QUANTITY ( NAPH?A CORRESPOND+ CALORIFICALLY TO A POOD ( COAL1 CO/S NOT #a#b4#g#e KOPECKS BUT #a#c-#b KOPECKS1 ?US SIGNIFICANTLY MORE ?AN COAL 9 ,POL&4 ,SECOND1 = ! PRES5T NAPH?A MAKES UP ONLY #b4#e P] C5T ( ALL FUEL 9 ! ,MOSC[ DI/RICT - 9 P>TICUL>1 #b#i4#d P] C5T 9 ! COTTON 9DU/RY 9 ! ,MOSC[ & ,VLADIMIR GUB]NIAS - & SO CANNOT 9FLU5CE ! CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION AMONG ! OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( ! FACTORIES 9 !SE DI/RICTS4 ,BUT ?IRD1 AS F> AS ! FUTURE ( ?IS FUEL ME?OD1 ,PR(ESSOR ,M5DELEYEV SAYS 9 HIS ESSAY D$ICAT$ TO ! NAPH?A 9DU/RY3 ,! USE ( ?IS 7NAPH?A RESIDUE7 AS A FUEL TODAY1 :]E !RE IS NO POSSIBILITY ( UTILIZ+ ! BULK ( ! NAPH?A OBTA9$ 7AS A RESULT ( ! LACK ( A PIPEL9E TO C>RY NAPH?A FROM ,BAKU TO ,BATUM71 IS ! MO/ NATURAL PH5OM5ON1 AL?\< A UNIQUE & TEMPOR>Y ONE40 0,= NORMAL FUEL NE$S1 P>TICUL>LY = FUEL+ /EAM 5G9ES :]E ANY SORT ( FUEL IS SUITABLE1 ! USE ( A FUEL AS CO/LY AS NAPH?A RESIDUE CAN F9D WIDE CIRCULATION ONLY TEMPOR>ILY1 9 ?OSE TRANSITIONAL MOM5TS ( 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITY 9 ! NATION :]E 9DU/RY HAS NOT HAD ! TIME TO >RANGE A PROP] B$ = ITSELF2 BUT TODAY 9 ALL C\NTRIES ?AT PRESUMES AS ITS CONDITION - ! USE ( COAL40 ,& /ILL FUR!R4 0,! USE TODAY ( #ac MILLION POODS ( NAPH?A RESIDUE 9 ,RUSSIA MU/ BE REG>D$ AS A TEMPOR>Y PH5OM5ON1 :I* DEP5DS1 ON ! ONE SIDE1 ON ! LACK ( A M>KET = NAPH?A ON ! WORLD M>KET1 &1 ON ! O!R1 ON ! LACK ( PRODUCTIVITY 9 ! EXTRACTION ( COAL & ( ITS DI/RIBUTION ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! C5T] & ! S\!A/40 0,! CON/RUCTION ( RAILWAY L9ES FROM ! ,DONETS COAL DI/RICT TO ! ,VOLGA1 & V>I\S MEASURES DIRECT$ T[>D UTILIZATION ( NAPH?A SUPPLIES 9 ,BAKU & T[>D *EAP EXPORT ( COAL FROM ,DONETS1 =M ! CURR5T TASKS ( ,RUSSIA'S 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T1 & MU/ MAKE AN 5D TO TODAY'S IRRATIONAL1 WIDESPREAD USE ( NAPH?A RESIDUE FROM ,BAKU = /EAM BOIL]S40 ,! ABOVE QUOTATIONS1 :I* EXPRESS ! OP9ION ( ! BE/ JUDGES ON ?IS QUE/ION1 SUFFICE 9 \R OP9ION TO DEMON/RATE ?AT 9 ! COMP>ATIVE VALUATION ( FUELS 9 ,POL& & 9 ,MOSC[1 NAPH?A FUEL 9 ! LATT] MU/ BE DISREG>D$1 AS A TEMPOR>Y PH5OM5ON4 ,:AT IS N[ CALL$ 0NAPH?A RESIDUE0 IS NOT SOME ACTUAL PRODUCTION BYPRODUCT1 BUT ! PRODUCT ( ! NAPH?A EXTRACTION ITSELF1 :I* IS V]Y 9SUFFICI5TLY UTILIZ$ ONLY AS A RESULT ( ! LACK ( A M>KET1 & TO A GREAT EXT5T US$ = FUEL RA!R ?AN LI #ahia !RE CORRESPONDS #a4#d POODS ( NAPH?A RESIDUE1 & 9 #ahid AS MU* AS #b4#g#c POODS4 ,?US ! SO-CALL$ RESIDUE ACTUALLY =MS ! MA9 PRODUCT1 & NAPH?A ON ! O!R H& ! BYPRODUCT4 ,! ABNORMALITY ( ?IS PH5OM5ON APPE>S 9 ! QUALITY ( ! PRODUCT ITSELF4 ,! 0RESIDUE0 SO OBTA9$ EXPLODES AT #e DEGREES1 #d DEGREES1 & EV5 #c DEGREES ,C5TIGRADE1 :ILE ! NORMAL EXPLOSION TEMP]ATURE = ACTUAL NAPH?A RESIDUE CANNOT BE L[] ?AN #a#d-#a#b DEGREES4 ,?US ALSO ! CO/LY RESULTS ( *EAP FUEL3 9 ! C\RSE ( ! YE>S #ahic & #a#h#i#d1 #b VESSELS ( ! ,A/RAKHAN ,/EAM%IP ,COMPANY ?AT W]E FUEL$ ) 0RESIDUE0 W]E DE/ROY$ BY \TBREAKS ( FIRE4 ,ANO!R DISADVANTAGE ( NAPH?A FUEL IS ! FACT ?AT ?IS RESIDUE1 BECAUSE ( ITS *EMICAL COMPOSITION1 IS 9 FACT US$ 9 MU* GREAT] QUANTITIES TO PRODUCE A SPECIFIC EFFECTIVE HEAT ?AN %\LD BE ! CASE ) REAL NAPH?A RESIDUE4 ,! L>G] CONSUMPTION ( 0RESIDUE0 SOMETIMES AM\NTS TO #d P] C5T1 & WAS CONFIRM$ BY ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! ,PET]SBURG-,MOSC[ RAILWAY L9E AS AN E/ABLI%$ PH5OM5ON4 ,?IS MAKES ! MO/ IMPORTANT ADVANTAGE ( NAPH?A FUEL - ITS *EAPNESS - = ! MO/ P>T COMPLETELY ILLUSORY4 ,H]E & !RE SOME >E ALREADY BEG9N+ TO R5\NCE ! USE ( NAPH?A RESIDUE1 AS ) ! ,RUSSIAN ,S\?-,EA/ RAILWAY1 :I* REC5TLY RETURN$ TO COAL4 ,C]TA9LY ! CONSUMPTION ( NAPH?A RESIDUE 9 ! C5TRAL 9DU/RIAL DI/RICT WILL 9 ! NEXT FEW YE>S 9CREASE BE=E IT WILL DECREASE1 P>TICUL>LY AS A RESULT ( OV]PRODUCTION & L[] PRICES4 ,) ! ,RUSSIAN GOV]NM5T'S CURR5T VIGOR 9 PROMOT+ CAPITALISM & PU%+ ASIDE ALL OB/ACLES 9 ITS WAY1 H[EV]1 ! USE ( NAPH?A WILL SOON BE R$UC$ TO ITS RATIONAL PURPOSE1 & FACTORIES WILL BE R$UC$ TO US+ WOOD & COAL4 ,9 ! 5D1 H[EV]1 ,POL&'S ADVANTAGE REMA9S 9 FULL =CE1 = 09 G5]AL FUEL IS HALF AS EXP5SIVE 9 ,POL& AS 9 ,MOSC[40 #b4 ,LABOR P[]4 ,?IS ASPECT ( 9DU/RIAL ACTIVITY IS USUALLY CIT$ AS PRO( ?AT ,POL& HAS LESS FAVORABLE CONDITIONS ?AN DOES ,RUSSIA BECAUSE ITS LABOR IS MORE EXP5SIVE ?AN ! LATT]'S4 ,WAGES >E 9 FACT SIGNIFICANTLY HI<] 9 ,POL& ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA1 SPECIFICALLY3 ,COTTON ,SP9N+ ,COTTON ,WEAV+ ,F9I%+ ,WOOL ,SP9N+ = M5 #a#h4#g#e.0 #c#f.0 #a#i.0 #e#i.0 = WOM5 #d#b.0 #c#g.0 #a#g.0 #i#a.0 = *ILDR5 #a#d.0 #g#i.0 #h#e.0 #b#g.0 ,WOOL ,WEAV+ ,CLO? ,MAK+ ,HALF-WOOL ,WEAV+ ,AV]AGE = M5 #c#a.0 #a#c.0 #f.0 #c#b4#b.0 = WOM5 #a#e.0 #c#c.0 #a#b#b.0 #g#c4#i.0 = *ILDR5 #a#a#b.0 #d.0 #a#e.0 #f4.0 ,LABOR TIME1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS SIGNIFICANTLY LONG] 9 ,RUSSIA ?AN 9 ,POL&4 0,:ILE #a#c- TO #a#d-H\R-LONG LABOR IS V]Y WIDESPREAD 9 ,MOSC[ FACTORIES1 9 ,POL& IT IS TO BE F\ND ONLY 9 N9E FACTORIES1 & 9 ?REE ( !SE CASES ONLY 9 SEP>ATE FACTORY SECTIONS4 ,:ILE LABOR TIME LA/+ MORE ?AN #ad H\RS IS ABSOLUTELY NOT A R>ITY 9 ,MOSC[ FACTORIES & ITS \T] LIMIT IS #af H\RS1 #a#d-H\R LABOR TIME MU/ BE DESCRIB$ AS ! \T] LIMIT 9 ,POL&1 & 9 FACT ?IS WAS F\ND ONLY 9 TWO CLO? FACTORIES40 ,9 G5]AL1 #a TO #ab H\RS W]E WORK$ 9 #ge P] C5T ( ! FACTORIES2 ?US #aa H\RS CAN BE TAK5 AS ! AV]AGE LABOR TIME = ,POL&4 ,9 ,MOSC[1 ! AV]AGE LABOR TIME IS MORE ?AN #ab H\RS4 ,9 ,POL&1 NIE EXCEPTION2 9 ,MOSC[ IT IS WIDE-SPREAD4 ,& DESPITE ! FACT ?AT 9 ,POL& ! NUMB] ( WORK-DAYS 9 ! YE> IS #b#i#b1 :ILE 9 ,MOSC[ IT AM\NTS TO #b#h#f2 = ,POL& !RE >E NEV]!LESS ONLY #c1#b#a#b LABOR-H\RS P] YE>1 :ILE ! NUMB] 9 ,MOSC[ 7FIGUR$ ON ! BASIS ( ONLY #ab H\RS A DAY7 IS #c1#d#c H\RS1 ?US #bah H\RS MORE4 ,!SE TWO FACTORS1 L[] WAGES & LONG LABOR TIME1 >E USUALLY REG>D$ AS IMPORTANT ADVANTAGES = ,MOSC[ 9DU/RY 9 ITS COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE ) ,POLI% MANUFACTUR+4 ,YET WE BELIEVE ?AT ?IS OP9ION CAN BE %[N TO BE PREMATURE & SUP]FICIAL4 ,FIR/1 9 COMP>+ WAGES1 USUALLY ! WAGES ( MALE WORK]S 9 ,RUSSIA >E JUXTAPOS$ TO ?OSE ( MALE WORK]S 9 ,POL&1 :ILE LIKEWISE ! WAGES ( FEMALE WORK]S 9 ,RUSSIA >E COMP>$ TO ?OSE ( FEMALE WORK]S 9 ,POL&4 ,?IS IS H[ ! #ahhf COMMISSION = ! 9VE/IGATION ( ,POLI% 9DU/RY1 AMONG O!RS1 PROCE$$4 ,?IS IS WRONG1 AS FACTORY 9SPECTOR ,SVIATLOVSKI P]CEIV$1 9S(> AS1 9 ,POL&1 FEMALE & *ILD LABOR IS F> MORE EXT5SIVE ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA1 SO ?AT FREQU5TLY A FEMALE WORK] 9 ,POL& /&S C\NT]POS$ TO A MALE WORK] 9 ,RUSSIA2 !RE=E1 ! WAGES ( MALE ,RUSSIAN WORK]S MU/ FREQU5TLY BE COMP>$ ) NOT ?OSE ( MALE BUT ( FEMALE ,POLI% WORK]S4 ,9 FACT1 ! NUMB] ( WOM5 EMPLOY$ 9 ! ,POLI% TEXTILE 9DU/RY 7! 9DU/RY ( MO/ IMPORTANCE TO ! QUE/ION ( COMPETITION7 AM\NTS TO MORE ?AN #e P] C5T ( ALL FACTORY P]SONNEL1 :ILE 9 ! ,MOSC[ DI/RICT FEMALE LABOR AM\NTS TO ONLY #cg P] C5T 9 ! COTTON 9DU/RY & ONLY #bh P] C5T 9 ! WOOL 9DU/RY4 ,IF ! WAGES ( MALE WORK]S 9 ,RUSSIA >E COMP>$ ) ?OSE ( FEMALE WORK]S 9 ,POL&1 ! PICTURE %IFTS 9 MANY WAYS TO ! DISADVANTAGE ( ! ,MOSC[ DI/RICT1 OR 9 ANY CASE !RE IS AN EQUALIZATION ( CONDITIONS4 ,! AV]AGE MON?LY WAGES 9 ! TEXTILE 9DU/RY >E 79 RUBLES73 9 ,POL& 9 ,RUSSIA = M5 #b4#a #a#e4#b = WOM5 #a#e4#c #h4#h = *ILDR5 #h4#h #e4#e ,TO OBTA9 TRUE & EXACT DATA ON RELATIVE WAGE LEVELS 9 ,RUSSIA & ,POL&1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO CONSID] ! COMPOSITION ( ! LABOR =CE 9 T]MS ( AGE & SEX 9 BO? C\NTRIES AS WELL AS NOM9AL WAGES4 ,! RESULT ?US ATTA9$ WILL BE 9 MANY WAYS SIGNIFICANTLY DIFF]5T ?AN ! =EGO+4 ,?IS ABOVE ALL IS ! CORRECTIVE ?AT %\LD BE APPLI$ TO ! USUAL CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM ! COMP>ISON ( WAGES4 ,SECOND1 ! FACT ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN WORK] FREQU5TLY RECEIVES LODG+ 7& H]E & !RE EV5 BO>D7 FROM ! FACTORY IS (T5 DISREG>D$4 ,?IS APPLIES NOT ONLY TO S+LE BUT ALSO TO M>RI$ WORK]S1 :OSE FAMILIES USUALLY LIVE 9 ! SAME FACTORY B>RACKS4 ,H]E HEAT+ FUEL IS LIKEWISE PROVID$ BY ! FACTORY4 ,?IS %\LD BE FIGUR$ 9TO ! WAGES ( ,RUSSIAN WORK]S IF ONE WANTS TO MAKE AN EXACT COMP>ISON4 ,?US ! DIFF]5CE EV5 9 NOM9AL WAGES IS NOT SO GREATLY TO ,POL&'S DISADVANTAGE AS W\LD APPE> FROM A MORE SUP]FICIAL COMP>ISON4 ,BUT F> MORE IMPORTANT >E FUR!R FACTORS :I* %[ ?AT FACTORY LABOR 9 ,POL& IS SIGNIFICANTLY MORE 9T5SIVE ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! ,POLI% WORK] IS FIR/ ( ALL MORE 9TELLIG5T & BETT] $UCAT$1 ON ! AV]AGE4 ,9S(> AS ,PR(ESSOR ,YAN%UL 9VE/IGAT$ ?IS QUE/ION1 IT WAS %[N ?AT 9 ! C5TRAL DI/RICT ! NUMB] ( WORK]S :O C\LD READ & WRITE AM\NT$ TO #bb TO #cf P] C5T ( ! TOTAL1 9 ,POL& TO #de TO #fe P] C5T4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! ,POLI% WORK] IS BETT] F$ ?AN ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]1 & ?IS IS ESPECIALLY TRUE = WOM54 ,?IRD1 ! WORK=CE 9 ,POL& IS A /ABLE LAY] ( ! POPULATION1 DEVOT$ EXCLUSIVELY TO FACTORY LABOR4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 AN OBS]VABLE1 AL?\< GRADUALLY DECREAS+1 PORTION ( ! WORK=CE IS /ILL MADE UP ( PEASANTS :O RETURN TO ! L& 9 ! SUMM] & EX*ANGE PRECISE FACTORY WORK = CRUDE F>M LABOR4 ,F\R?1 ! ,POLI% WORK] IS F> MORE 9DIVIDUALIZ$ 9 HIS WAY ( LIFE ?AN ! ,RUSSIAN4 ,AS WAS ALREADY M5TION$1 ! LATT] 9 MANY CASES LIVES 9 FACTORY B>RACKS & IS ALLOTT$ BO>D BY ! FACTORY4 ,SU* A WAY ( LIFE1 UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 LEADS TO ! /UNT+ ( 9DIVIDUALITY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WORK] ?US REMA9S CON/ANTLY UND] ! CONTROL ( HIS MA/] & IS B\ND BY ! FACTORY RULES EV5 9 HIS PRIVATE LIFE4 ,! ,MOSC[ FACTORY 9SPECTOR KNEW ( FACTORIES :]E1 HE REPORT$1 S++ - :E!R 9 WORKPLACE OR LIV+ QU>T]S - IS IS PUNI%$ BY A F9E ( FIVE RUBLES2 LIKEWISE WORK]S 9CUR A HI< F9E :5 !Y PAY EA* O!R A VISIT1 & SO =?4 ,NOT 9FREQU5TLY1 WORK]S >E ASSIGN$ TO AN AP>TM5T 9 A DAMP FACTORY CELL>1 OR 9 ROOMS ?AT >E SO MEAN ?AT ONE ALMO/ HAS TO GO ON ALL F\RS TO GET 9TO !M4 ,9 ,POL& ! SITUATION IS DIFF]5T3 ! WORK] ALWAYS RUNS HIS [N H\SEHOLD1 & HIS H\S+ IS SIGNIFICANTLY BETT] OV]ALL4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! UNANIM\S OP9ION ( ALL RESE>*]S :O HAVE MADE WAGE LABOR ! SUBJECT ( !IR 9VE/IGATION1 ALL ! CIT$ FACTORS - $UCATION1 BETT] H\S+ & FOOD1 9DIVIDUAL H\SEHOLDS1 9 %ORT1 EV]Y?+ ?AT RAISES ! LIV+ /&>D ( ! WORK] - >E ( DECISIVE SIGNIFICANCE = ! 9T5SITY ( HIS ACTIVITY4 ,F9ALLY1 PIECE-RATE WAGES PR$OM9ATE 9 ,POL&1 :I*1 IT IS RECOGNIZ$1 RAISES ! 9T5SITY ( LABOR TO ! UTMO/1 :ILE 9 ,RUSSIA ! TIME WAGE PR$OM9ATES4 ,ALL ! ABOVE-M5TION$ FACTORS MAKE IT APP>5T ?AT ! LABOR ( ,POLI% FACTORY WORK]S IS F> MORE 9T5SIVE 9 COMP>ISON TO ?AT ( ,RUSSIAN WORK]S4 ,& ?IS *>ACT]I/IC ( ! ,POLI% WORK] SO GREATLY \TWEIN 9 ,POL& 4#g#g-#a4#e 4#f#f-#a4#b 9 ,RUSSIA #b & MORE 4#h-#a4#e ,! DIFF]5CE 9 ! L5G? ( ! WORKDAY 9 ,POL& & ,RUSSIA BELONGS TO ! PA/ N[ ?AT ! WORKDAY HAS REC5TLY BE5 R$UC$ BY LAW TO #a#a4#e H\RS4 ,H[EV]1 ! NEW MEASURE WILL PRIM>ILY BE TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ! ,POLI% 9DU/RIALI/S 9 !IR COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE1 P]HAPS = YE>S TO COME1 EV5 IF IT WILL1 9 TIME1 D\BTLESS BECOME A SPUR TO TE*NICAL DEVELOPM5T = ! ,MOSC[ DI/RICT4 ,= ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]'S PRODUCTIVITY1 :OSE L[] LEVEL DEP5DS ON SO MANY O!R FACTORS1 WILL OBVI\SLY NOT 9CREASE OV]NIT TO %[ A FRI5DLY FACE TO ! WORK]S1 :O 9 ,MAY ( ?AT YE> HAD M\NT$ AN IMPRESSIVE /RIKE 9 ,LODZ - W5T TO ! GOV]NM5T ) ! REQUE/ ?AT ! WORKDAY BE R$UC$ TO #aa H\RS ?R\<\T ! ,EMPIRE1 A PROJECT :I* F\ND]$ PRIM>ILY BECAUSE ( ! RESI/ANCE ( ! ,MOSC[ 9DU/RIALI/S4 #c4 ,COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL4 ,?IS IMPORTANT FACTOR IS ALSO DIFF]5TLY %AP$ 9 ,POL& ?AN 9 ,MOSC[4 ,9 ,POL&1 A FIRM'S SUM ( FIX$ CAPITAL IS 9 MO/ CASES EXCE$$ BY ! VALUE ( ITS YE>LY PRODUCTION1 SOMETIMES EV5 TWO OR ?REE TIMES1 BUT ON ! AV]AGE ! RELATION%IP ( FIX$ CAPITAL TO ! VALUE ( PRODUCTION IS #b3#c4#b4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ! C5TRAL DI/RICT1 ?IS RELATION%IP IS 9V]T$4 ,H]E ! VALUE ( PRODUCTION 79 ! SAME BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION7 IS (T5 SMALL] ?AN FIX$ CAPITAL1 AT MO/ ! SAME1 & ONLY SELDOM SIGNIFICANTLY HI<]4 ,?IS PH5OM5ON /EMS FROM TWO CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,FIR/1 F> MORE IS SP5T ON BUILD+S = 5T]PRISES 9 ,RUSSIA ?AN 9 ,POL&1 BECAUSE CON/RUCTION MAT]IALS >E V]Y SIGNIFICANTLY MORE EXP5SIVE4 ,SECOND1 H[EV]1 BECAUSE ! GREAT MAJORITY ( FACTORIES 9 ,RUSSIA 9CLUDE !IR [N FACTORY B>RACKS1 :I* NEV] OCCURS 9 ,POL&4 ,IF1 !RE=E1 :AT ,M>X CALLS ! 0ORGANIC COMPOSITION ( CAPITAL0 7! RELATION%IP ( ! CON/ANT TO ! V>IABLE PORTION ( CAPITAL7 IS 0HI<]0 9 ,RUSSIA ?AN 9 ,POL&1 ?IS HAS ABSOLUTELY NO?+ TO DO ) ! HI<] /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T ( ,RUSSIAN PRODUCTION1 BUT ON ! CONTR>Y ) ITS PRIMITIVE PLANT1 = ! MO/ P>T4 ,?IS MAKES NECESS>Y A S]IES ( EXP5DITURES ?AT HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ! ACTUAL PRODUCTION PROCESS4 ,AS A RESULT - ALL O!R CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION & SALE BE+ EQUAL - ! ,POLI% 9DU/RIALI/S >E ABLE TO REALIZE A SURPLUS PR(IT FROM ! SALE ( !IR GOODS ON ! ,RUSSIAN M>KET1 9 COMP>ISON ) ! ,RUSSIAN 5TREPR5EURS4 ,9 ADDITION1 ,POLI% LABOR1 AS WAS %[N1 IS F> MORE 9T5SIVE4 #d4 ,! TURNOV] P]IOD ( CAPITAL IS MU* %ORT] 9 ,POL& ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,FIR/1 RES]VES ( FUEL & RAW MAT]IALS >E /OCK$ = LONG P]IODS4 ,! HI< PRICES & ! G5]AL %ORTAGE ( FUEL 9 9N] ,RUSSIA MEAN1 = ! ,RUSSIAN 5TREPR5EUR1 ! NECESSITY ( LAY+ \T L>GE SUMS ( MONEY = ! PUR*ASE ( =E/S OR PEAT BOGS4 ,9 ?IS WAY ALMO/ EV]Y L>GE ,MOSC[ FACTORY HAS PUT MORE OR LESS CONSID]ABLE DEAD CAPITAL 9TO =E/S & BOGS4 ,9 ADDITION1 WOOD & ESPECIALLY PEAT >E *EAPLY & EASILY DELIV]$ ONLY 9 W9T]2 !RE=E EV]Y ,MOSC[ FACTORY LAYS 9 RES]VES ( !SE FUELS = A FULL YE>1 EV5 = TWO YE>S4 ,9 ,POL&1 BECAUSE ( ! %ORT DI/ANCES 9VOLV$1 /OCKS ( COAL >E LAID 9 = ONLY ONE TO F\R WEEKS1 AT MO/ = ?REE MON?S4 ,SIMIL>LY1 9 ,RUSSIA /OCKS ( RAW MAT]IALS1 P>TICUL>LY COTTON1 >E LAID 9 = L5G?Y P]IODS1 9 ,POL& ONLY = TWO TO SIX MON?S4 ,SECOND1 ! ,POLI% 9DU/RIALI/ REALIZES HIS PRODUCT MU* MORE QUICKLY ?AN DOES ! ,RUSSIAN 5TREPR5EUR4 ,! ,POLES GRANT !IR CU/OM]S ONLY ?REE TO SIX MON?S' CR$IT1 ! ,RUSSIANS #ab TO #ah MON?S4 ,! ,POLES - FOLL[+ ! ,5GLI% & ,G]MAN MODEL - PRODUCE PRODUCE ON ORD]S OBTA9$ BY !IR TRAVEL+ AG5TS2 ! ,RUSSIANS PRODUCE ACCORD+ TO !IR [N E/IMATES1 (T5 /OCK+ = TWO OR ?REE YE>S4 ,?IS FACTOR ALSO SIGNIFIES ?AT ,POLI% 9DU/RIAL CAPITAL - ALL O!R ?+S BE+ EQUAL - IS BETT] >M$ = COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE4 #e4 ,! CONC5TRATION ( PRODUCTION IS SIGNIFICANTLY GREAT] 9 ,POL& ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! VALUE ( PRODUCTION P] FACTORY 9 ?OSE BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY NOT LEVI$ ) EXCISE DUTIES AV]AG$ 9 RUBLES3 #ahhe #ahhf #ahhg #ahhh #ahhi #ahi 9 ,RUSSIA #e1#h#b#d #e#b1#b#d#h #e#d1#f#a #e#h1#b#c#g #e#h1#i#g#b #e#g1#e#g#h 9 ,POL& #e#g1#h#g#e #f#c1#h#f #g#a1#h#i#d #g#d1#e#a #g#a1#c#e #g#a1#b#d#h ,! DIFF]5CE IS /ILL GREAT] IF P>TICUL> BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION >E COMP>$4 ,9 ! COAL 9DU/RY1 = EXAMPLE1 ! SITUATION IS AS FOLL[S4 ,IF ! NUMB] ( PITS & %AFTS AS WELL AS ! QUANTITY ( PRODUCTION 9 ,RUSSIA >E TAK5 TO BE #a1 !N ONE F9DS 9 ,POL& 9 #ahi #f4#h P] C5T PITS1 #f4#b P] C5T %AFTS1 #g4#f P] C5T PRODUCTION4 ,) A NUMB] ( %AFTS #af TIMES SMALL]1 !RE=E1 COAL EXTRACTION 9 ,POL& EQUALS MORE ?AN ELEV5-SIXTE5?S ( ,RUSSIAN COAL EXTRACTION4 ,EILY PRODUCTION ( ! ,DABROVA DI/RICT 7#a#h#i#c7 IS YIELD$ BY FIVE FIRMS4 ,9 O!R BRAN*ES1 SU* AS ! COTTON 9DU/RY1 ! GROSS PRODUCT P] FACTORY IS GREAT] 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,! SMALL] CONC5TRATION ( ?IS SORT ( PRODUCTION 9 ,POL& HAS TO DO ) SPECIAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 H[EV]1 :I* TO GO 9TO H]E W\LD LEAD US 9TO TOO MU* DETAIL & :I* 9 ANY CASE HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) ! DEGREE ( TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T1 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 ,POL&1 AS WE WILL SOON SEE1 ! YE>LY VALUE ( PRODUCTION P] WORK] IS 9 ?IS AS 9 MO/ BRAN*ES GREAT] ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA4 #f4 ,! TE*NOLOGY ( PRODUCTION1 LA/LY1 =MS ! MO/ IMPORTANT DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,POLI% & ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY4 ,WE WILL COMP>E ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT BRAN*ES ( PRODUCTION 9 BO? C\NTRIES 9 T]MS ( TE*NOLOGY4 ,TO BEG9 ) ! TEXTILE BRAN*1 FIR/ ! COTTON 9DU/RY %[S3 #ahi ,FACTORIES ,SP9DLES ,LOOMS ,/EAM ,HORSEP[] ,RUSSIA #cea #b1#h#a#i1#c#b#f #i#a1#e#d#e #c#h1#g#e ,POL& #id #d#g#b1#h#i #a#a1#h#d #a#c1#g#a#d #ahi ,PRODUCTION 79 ?\S&S ( RUBLES7 ,WORK]S ,MALE ,FEMALE ,RUSSIA #b#h1#e#h#a #a#c1#i#a#f #h#c1#i#d#a ,POL& #c#a1#d#i#e #a1#d#g#d #i1#e#c#e ,! TE*NICAL SUP]IORITY ( ! ,POLI% COTTON 9DU/RY IS CLE> FROM ! ABOVE COMP>ISON4 ,9 COMP>ISON ) ! ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY1 IT HAS3 #a P] C5T ( ! WORK]S1 #ae P] C5T ( ! PRODUCTION4 #ce P] C5T ( ! /EAM P[]4 ,= EV]Y WORK] !RE IS #a1#a#a RUBLES PRODUCTION YE>LY 9 ,RUSSIA & #a1#e#g#d RUBLES 9 ,POL&1 ?AT IS1 #db P] C5T MORE4 ,/EAM P[] AM\NTS TO #bd = EV]Y #a1 WORK]S 9 ,RUSSIA1 TO #ahf = EV]Y #a MILLION RUBLES ( PRODUCTION2 IT AM\NTS TO #fhe = EV]Y #a1 WORK]S 9 ,POL&1 TO #dci = EV]Y #a MILLION RUBLES ( PRODUCTION1 ?US #bcf P] C5T & #acf P] C5T MORE1 RESPECTIVELY1 9 ,POL&4 ,F9ALLY4 ! USE ( FEMALE LABOR IS GREAT] 9 ,POL& ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,9 ! LATT]1 FEMALE WORK]S MAKE UP #d#d4#g P] C5T ( ! P]SONNEL1 9 ! =M] #d#g4#f P] C5T4 ,ACCORD+ TO O!R ACC\NTS :I* WE NOT$ ABOVE & :I* 9SPIRE MORE CONFID5CE BECAUSE !Y W]E DET]M9$ NOT BY SUMM>Y BUREAUCRATIC /ATI/ICS BUT BY A SPECIAL COMMISSION1 ! USE ( FEMALE LABOR 9 ,POL& IS MU* HI<]1 & 9 ,RUSSIA1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 MU* L[]4 ,R\+ ! WOOL 9DU/RY 9 ,POL& & 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,?IS %[S3 #ahi ,FACTORIES ,SP9DLES ,LOOMS ,/EAM ,HORSEP[] ,RUSSIA #afd #g#g1#d#g#d #a#a1#g#h#d #b1#b#c ,POL& #afh #b#d#e1#h#i#b #d1#a#f #f1#f#f#g #ahi ,PRODUCTION 79 ?\S&S ( RUBLES7 ,WORK]S ,MALE ,FEMALE ,RUSSIA #b#a1#e#h#e #a#d1#d#g#a #g1#e ,POL& #b#f1#a#i#i #h1#d#h#f #f1#f#g ,= ,POL&1 9 COMP>ISON ) ,RUSSIA1 ?IS COMES \T TO3 ,WORK]S #g4#d P] C5T1 PRODUCTION #aba P] C5T1 /EAM P[] #bii P] C5T2 ?US = EV]Y WORK] 9 ,RUSSIA #a1#c RUBLES PRODUCTION ANNUALLY1 = EV]Y WORK] 9 ,POL& #a1#g#b#i RUBLES1 ?AT IS1 #gb P] C5T MORE4 ,/EAM P[] AM\NTS TO #ad = EV]Y #a1 WORK]S 9 ,RUSSIA1 TO #ac = EV]Y #a MILLION RUBLES ( PRODUCTION2 IT AM\NTS TO #dd = EV]Y #a1 WORK]S 9 ,POL&1 TO #b$ = EV]Y #a MILLION RUBLES ( PRODUCTION4 ,?US IF WE TAKE #a AS ! NUMB] = ! /EAMP[] P] #a1 WORK]S OR #a MILLION RUBLES ( PRODUCTION 9 ,RUSSIA1 !N WE F9D ! SAME 9 ,POL& TO BE #cbc P] C5T & #adf P] C5T MORE1 RESPECTIVELY4 ,9 ! USE ( FEMALE LABOR1 WE SEE H]E AN EV5 GREAT] DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ,POL& & ,RUSSIA ?AN 9 ! COTTON 9DU/RY1 SPECIFICALLY #c#b4#g P] C5T FEMALE WORK=CE 9 ,RUSSIA1 #dd P] C5T 9 ,POL&4 ,! TE*NICAL SUP]IORITY ( ! ,POLI% TEXTILE 9DU/RY IS EV5 MORE EVID5T 9 ! FACT ?AT HI<] GRADES ( SP9N+ Y>N & F9] SORTS ( CLO? >E MANUFACTUR$ 9 ,POL& 9 MANY BRAN*ES ?AN 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,LET US TURN TO ! SECOND MO/ IMPORTANT BRAN* ( CAPITALI/ PRODUCTION1 ! COAL 9DU/RY4 ,WE HAVE ALREADY MADE M5TION ( ! /RONG CONC5TRATION ( ?IS BRAN* 9 ,POL&4 ,( ! PRODUCT EXTRACT$ ANNUALLY COMES3 ,COAL 9 POODS FROM #a PIT FROM #a %AFT 9 ! ,S\? ,RUSSIAN DI/RICT #f#g#h1 #b#d1 ,9 ,POL& #g1#e1 #b1#i#h#e1 7"4#a1#f.07 7"4 #a1#a#d#d.07 7,H]E & BEL[ WE COMP>E ! ,POLI% COALFIELDS ) ! ,S\? ,RUSSIAN FIELDS 9 P>TICUL>1 BECAUSE ?AT IS ,RUSSIA'S BIGGE/ RES]VOIR & ! MO/ IMPORTANT = ! FUTURE47 ,A CORRESPOND+ RELATION%IP IS DISCOV]$ :5 ! QUANTITY ( PRODUCTION1 ! NUMB] ( WORK]S EMPLOY$1 & ! /EAM P[] US$ >E COMP>$3 #ahi ,/EAMP[] ,WORK]S ,PRODUCTION 79 MILLIONS ( POODS7 ,RUSSIA #f1#g#a #c1#g#g #b#a#c4#d ,S\? ,RUSSIAN DI/RICT #e1#h#e#f #b#e1#a#f#g #a#h#c4#b ,POL& #a1#d#i#g #h1#f#i#b #a#e4#h ,?US1 :ILE 9 ,POL& 7#a#h#i7 ONE WORK] RAISES #a#g1#c#d#h POODS ( COAL A YE>1 9 ,RUSSIA ?IS COMES TO ONLY #g1#i#f POODS P] WORK] & 9 ! ,S\? ,RUSSIAN DI/RICT 9 P>TICUL>1 #g1#b#h#a POODS1 APPROXIMATELY TWO & HALF TIMES LESS ?AN 9 ,POL&4 = EV]Y #a1 WORK]S = EV]Y %AFT ,/EAM P[] AM\NTS TO3 ,RUSSIA #bbc #h ,S\? ,RUSSIAN DI/RICT #bcc 7#a.07 - ,POL& #a1#b#h 7"4#d#a#i.07 #bb ,FROM #ahi TO #a#h#i#d1 ! AM\NT ( /EAM-P[] 9 ,POLI% M9+ ROSE BY MORE ?AN #e P] C5T3 FROM #a1#d#i#g TO #a#e1#i#c#d4 ,( ! O!R IMPORTANT BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY WE WANT TO S+LE \T ! SUG> 9DU/RY4 ,SUG>-BEET GR[+ ITSELF IS C>RI$ ON 9 A SIGNIFICANTLY MORE RATIONAL WAY 9 ,POL& ?AN 9 ! TWO ,RUSSIAN SUG> PRODUCTION DI/RICTS4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! AV]AGE BEET H>VE/ P] DESYAT9 9 ! YE>S #a#h#h#b-#a#h#i WAS3 ,C5TRAL ,RUSSIA #g#c4#b-#a#b#e4#c B]KOVEZ ,S\?WE/]N ,RUSSIA #h4#a-#a#a#d4#d B]KOVEZ ,POL& #h#h4-#a#b#g4#f B]KOVEZ ,9 ! YE> #a#h#i#e3 ,C5TRAL ,RUSSIA #e#a4#a-#a#a#g4#dB]KOVEZ ,S\?WE/]N ,RUSSIA #i4-#a#b#a4#b B]KOVEZ ,POL& #i#d4#c-#a#d#d4#e B]KOVEZ ,LIKEWISE1 ! QUALITY ( ! ,POLI% BEET IS MU* HI<] ?AN ! ,RUSSIAN4 ,! SUG> CONT5T ( ! JUICE & ITS PURITY >E3 #a#h#i-#i#a ,SUG> CONT5T 9 JUICE ,PURITY ,S\?WE/]N DI/RICT #a#c4#d#i.0 #h4#h#e.0 ,C5TRAL DI/RICT #a#c4#f#c.0 #g#h4#i#d.0 ,POL& #a#d4#h#a.0 #h#e4#b.0 ,! SAME SUP]IORITY ( ,POLI% TE*NOLOGY IS %[N BY ! HI<] YIELD ( :ITE SUG> FROM ! BEET JUICE & ! L[] YIELD ( MOLASSES ,9 #a#h#h#a-#h#b-#a#h#i-#i#a ?IS WAS ON AV]AGE3 ,:ITE SUG> ,MOLASSES ,C5TRAL DI/RICT #g4- #i4#d#g.0 #c4#b#i-#d4#b#d.0 ,S\?WE/]N DI/RICT #g4#g-#a4#d#h.0 #c4#f-#d4#c#a.0 ,POL& #h4#b-#a#a4#c#i.0 #a4#e#c-#b4#b#h.0 ,F9ALLY1 ! UTILIZATION ( PROCESS+ BYPRODUCTS IS F> MORE 9T5SIVE & MORE WIDESPREAD 9 ! ,POLI% SUG> 9DU/RY ?AN 9 ! ,RUSSIAN4 ,9 #a#h#i-#i#a1 ( #ahb FACTORIES 9 ! C5TRAL & S\!RN DI/RICTS1 #a ) #abe OSMOSIS DEVICES CONDUCT$ ! EXTRACTION ( SUG> FROM MOLASSES BY OSMOSIS2 ( #d FACTORIES 9 ,POL&1 #bd ) #bf OSMOSIS DEVICES4 ,! ABOVE COMP>ATIVE ANALYSIS ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION %[S ?AT ,POLI% 9DU/RY IS CONSID]ABLY BETT] EQUIPP$ ?AN ,RUSSIAN & ESPECIALLY C5TRAL ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY4 ,C]TA9LY IT IS A WELL-E/ABLI%$ FACT ?AT ! ,MOSC[ DI/RICT = ITS P>T EXHIBITS AN IMPORTANT ADVANTAGE 9 ! COTTON 9DU/RY1 NAMELY ! ABUNDANCE ( WAT]1 :ILE 9 ?IS RESPECT ! ,LODZ DI/RICT SUFF]S FROM A TREM5D\S %ORTAGE1 AS WAS M5TION$4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ,POL& LAGS BEH9D 9 ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT BRAN*ES ( ! ECONOMY - ! IRON 9DU/RY - RELATIVE TO ! NATURAL WEAL? ( ,RUSSIA1 SO ?AT IT MU/ OBTA9 P>T ( ! ORE & LIKEWISE COKE = ITS IRONWORKS FROM ! ,S\? ,RUSSIAN REGION4 ,9 ADDITION1 METAL PRODUCTION 9 ! ,DONETS REGION IS ALSO MU* MORE CONC5TRAT$ ?AN 9 ,POL&4 ,IT IS FUR!RMORE TRUE ?AT ,MOSC[ IS LOCAT$ MU* CLOS] TO ! IMPORTANT M>KET \TLETS = ! TEXTILE 9DU/RY -- ! EA/]N P>T ( ,RUSSIA & ,ASIA -- ?AN ,POL& IS4 ,H[EV]1 ! ADVANTAGES :I* WE F9D 9 EV]Y BRAN* ON ! ,POLI% SIDE - MORE CAPABLE LABOR P[]1 *EAP] FUEL1 HI<] TE*NOLOGY 9 ! PRODUCTION PROCESS & TRADE - C\LD 9 \R OP9ION \TWEI< NUM]\S ADVANTAGES ( ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY4 ,= ALL ! CIT$ FACTORS HAVE AN 9V>IANT SIGNIFICANCE1 9DE$ BECOME MORE DECISIVE 9 ! COMPETITIVE /RUGGLE ) EV]Y PASS+ DAY4 ,H[ V]Y MU* ! SIGNIFICANCE ( 9DU/RY'S DI/ANCE FROM M>KETS HAS ALREADY REC$$ 9TO ! BACKGR\ND1 COMP>$ ) ITS TE*NICAL SUP]IORITY1 WAS REC5TLY PROV$ BY ! AMAZ+ SPREAD ( ! ,G]MAN M>KET 9 ,5GL&1 & EV5 9 ! ,5GLI% COLONIES4 ,)9 ONE & ! SAME CU/OMS ZONE1 ( C\RSE1 ! \TCOME ( COMPETITION 9 ! M>KET DEP5DS TO /ILL GREAT] DEGREE ON ! /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T ( PRODUCTION1 I4E41 ON JU/ ?OSE FACTORS :I* ,POLI% 9DU/RY HAS ON ITS SIDE4 ,?IS IS CORROBORAT$ BY1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 ! FACT ?AT ! ,POLI% IRON 9DU/RY1 = EXAMPLE1 DESPITE ! ABOVE-M5TION$ DE>? ( NATURAL ADVANTAGES1 IS M\NT+ SEV]E COMPETITION TO ! ,S\? ,RUSSIAN IRON 9DU/RY ITSELF1 & ?AT ! ,POLI% IRON 9DU/RY IS DEVELOP+ P>ALLEL TO ! ,S\? ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY1 AT ! EXP5SE ( EV]Y O!R DI/RICT 9 ! ,EMPIRE4 ,ASIDE FROM ! ,POLI% 9DU/RIAL SECTOR1 9DU/RY 9 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG IS ALSO %AP+ UP 9TO A PROGRESSIVE & RA!R HITICUL>LY FAVORABLE CIRCUM/ANCE = ,POL& ?AT 9 ! MO/ IMPORTANT M>KETS IT IS 9 COMPETITION ) ! ,MOSC[ DI/RICT - ! MO/ ANA*RONI/IC 9DU/RIAL DI/RICT 9 ,RUSSIA1 :I* IS UNIQUE 9 ! ,EMPIRE 9 ITS LONG WORKDAY1 L[ WAGES1 TRUCK SY/EM1 B>RACKS H\S+ ( ! WORK=CE1 5ORM\S /OCKS ( RAW MAT]IALS1 9 %ORT1 ITS ECONOMIC BACKW>DNESS4 ,! COEXI/5CE ( SU* DIV]SE LEVELS ( PRODUCTION1 AS REPRES5T$ BY ! ,POLI% & ,/4 ,PET]SBURG 9DU/RIES ON ! ONE SIDE & ,MOSC[ 9DU/RY ON ! O!R1 IS POSSIBLE ONLY BECAUSE ( TWO CIRCUM/ANCES3 FIR/1 ! SIZE ( ! ,RUSSIAN M>KET1 9 :I* ALL COMPETITORS CAN /ILL F9D ROOM = !MSELVES1 & SECOND1 ! HOT-H\SE ATMOSPH]E CREAT$ BY ! CU/OMS POLICY1 :I* HAS MADE ?IS 5ORM\S M>KET ! EXCLUSIVE MONOPOLY ( DOME/IC - ,RUSSIAN & ,POLI% - 5TREPR5EURS4 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #e1 #bba 3 ,P>T #b1 ,*APT] #b -- ,ADD$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/