,! ,9TELLECTUALS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,PUBLI%$3 ,9T]NATIONAL ,C\NCIL ,CORRESPOND5CE1 VOL4 #a1 NO4 #a#b4 ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#e4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,MICAH ,MU]1 #b#a#g4 

,! 9TELLECTUAL MIDDLE CLASS1 ! 5G9E]S1 SCI5TI/S1 TE*NICAL 
EMPLOYES1 ETC4 >E A NECESS>Y P>T ( 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION1 QUITE AS 
9DISP5SABLE AS ! WORK]S !MSELVES4 ,TE*NICAL PROGRESS1 9 REPLAC+ 
WORK]S BY MA*9ES1 T5DS TO 9CREASE !IR NUMB]4 ,!RE=E !IR CLASS 
9T]E/S & !IR CLASS *>ACT] MU/ BE ( 9CREAS+ IMPORTANCE 9 ! 
SOCIAL /RUGGLES4 

,!IR GR[+ NUMB]S REFLECT ! GR[+ IMPORTANCE ( SCI5CE & !ORY 9 
! PRODUCTION ( LIFE NECESSITIES4 ,9 A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY ALL WILL P>TAKE ( 
SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE4 ,9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IT IS ! PRIVILEGE & ! 
SPECIALTY .<SIC.> ( A SEP>ATE CLASS1 ! 
9TELLECTUAL MIDDLE CLASS4 

,! MEMB]S ( ?IS CLASS1 CONTR>Y TO ! OLD 9DEP5D5T MIDDLE CLASS ( 
SMALL BUS9ESS M51 LIVE BY SELL+ !IR LABOR P[] TO ! CAPITALI/S4 ,!IR 
SAL>IES 9DICATE A HI<] CO/ ( LIV+ & A MORE EXP5SIVE $UCATION ?AN 
?AT ( ! COMMON WORK]S4 ,9 ! SOCIALI/ PRESS !Y >E CALL$ PROLET>IANS2 
79DE$1 !Y >E NOT [N]S ( 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION7 :O NE$ MU/ JO9 
! WORK]S4 ,BUT IT IS ONLY !IR L[] RANKS ?AT M]GE GRADUALLY 9TO SKILL$ 
LABOR2 ! HI<] RANKS1 BY ORIG9 & /&>D ( LIV+1 BY RELATION%IP1 
SOCIAL /&+ & CULTURE1 FEEL !MSELVES MIDDLE CLASS M51 :O CAN RISE EV5 
TO ! POSITION ( A DIRECTOR1 & ?US BE RANK$ ) ! BIG CAPITALI/S4 ,SOME 
( !M SYMPA?IZ$ ) SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 BUT ! BULK WAS FILL$ ) ! 
CAPITALI/ SPIRIT ( /RIV+ = A BETT] POSITION = !MSELVES ONLY4 ,9 
,ITALY & ,G]MANY !Y =M ! 9TELLECTUAL BACKBONE ( FASCISM4 

,:AT >E ! SOCIAL IDEALS ( ?IS CLASS8 

,!Y REALIZE ?AT CAPITALISM IS NOT ET]NAL2 !Y ALREADY P]CEIVE ! SIGNS 
( ITS DECL9E3 9 ECONOMIC CRISIS1 9 POLITICAL REVOLTS & REVOLUTIONS1 9 
SOCIAL /RUGGLES1 9 WORLD W>4 ,IT IS NOT ! EXPLOITATION ( LABOR ?AT ANNOYS 
!M 9 CAPITALISM2 IT IS ! DISORD] 9 CAPITALISM1 ! AN>*Y 9 PRODUCTION 
?AT PROVOKES !IR CRITICISM4 ,:]E !Y RULE 9 ! FACTORY1 ! EFFICI5CY ( 
LABOR BY MEANS ( /RICT ORD] & CONSCI\S REGULATION IS RAIS$ TO ! HI<E/ 
DEGREE4 ,BUT \TSIDE ! FACTORY1 9 SOCIETY1 :]E CAPITALI/S1 /OCK GAMBL]S 
& POLITICIANS RULE1 !Y SEE ! WOR/ DISORD] & 9EFFICI5CY1 A SC&AL\S 
WA/E ( HUMAN LABOR1 & ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE3 POV]TY & RU9 = ! 
:OLE ( SOCIETY4 

,:AT !Y WANT1 !RE=E1 IS ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION1 CONSICI\S .<SIC.> REGULATION ( LABOR OV] ! :OLE ( SOCIETY4 ,!Y 
FEEL !MSELVES ! SPIRITUAL LEAD]S1 ! CLASS ( 9TELLECT & KN[L$GE1 
DE/9$ TO TAKE OV] ! LEAD FROM ! 9CAPABLE H&S ( ! PRES5T RUL]S4 
,9 ,AM]ICA ! IDEAS ( 0TE*NOCRACY0 >E ! FIR/ TOK5S ( SU* A MODE ( 
?9K+4 ,BY A SCI5TIFIC MANAGEM5T ( ! :OLE ( PRODUCTION UND] A C5TRAL 
DIRECTION :I* DOES AWAY ) COMPETITION & :I* DIVE/S ! 9DIVIDUAL 
CAPITALI/S FROM !IR >BITR>Y P[]1 ! AM\NT ( PRODUCT CAN BE RAIS$ TO 
SU* A HEI<T1 ?AT !RE WILL BE ABUNDANCE = EV]YBODY4 

,?IS SOCIAL IDEAL ( ! 9TELLECTUAL MIDDLE CLASS IS A K9D ( SOCIALISM1 
BUT IT IS NOT NECESS>ILY DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,IT GEES NOT 
MEAN TO EXPROPRIATE !M OR TO TAKE !IR PR(ITS AWAY FROM !M4 ,ON ! 
CONTR>Y1 9 DEPRIV+ !M ( !IR >BITR>Y P[] TO DAMAGE ONE ANO!R1 9 
ABOLI%+ ! 5ORM\S WA/E1 IT WILL RAISE ! PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR TO SU* A 
DEGREE ?AT ! PR(ITS WILL 9CREASE CONSID]ABLY4 ,& AT ! SAME TIME IT 
R5D]S POSSIBLE AN 9CREASE & SECUR+ ( ! WORK]S' PORTION1 SO ?AT ALL 
REASON = REVOLT OR REVOLUTION IS TAK5 AWAY4 

,IT IS NOT A SOCIALISM ( ! WORK]S1 BUT A SOCIALISM = ! WORK]S2 A 
SOCIALISM MADE BY O!RS1 ALSO = ! B5EFIT ( ! WORK]S4 ,! EXPLOITATION 
( ! WORK]S WILL NOT CEASE1 IT WILL BE MADE MORE RATIONAL4 ,) EQUAL JU/ICE 
?IS SOCIAL SY/EM MAY BE CALL$ 0ORGANIZ$ CAPITALISM04 

,!RE IS1 ( C\RSE1 NO PLACE = DEMOCRACY 9 ?IS SY/EM4 ,DEMOCRACY MEANS1 
AT LEA/ =MALLY1 RULE ( ! MASS1 ( ! :OLE PEOPLE4 ,BUT ?IS SOCIALISM IS 
F\ND$ UPON ! RULE1 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! FEW1 ( ! 9TELLECTUAL M9ORITY4 
,9 PRES5T-DAY CAPITALISM ! TE*NICAL MIDDLE CLASS >E LEAD]S & DIRECTORS 
( ! LABOR PROCESS2 !Y COMM& ! WORK]S4 ,!Y CAN IMAG9E AN IDEAL 
SOCIETY ONLY ) ?IS LEAD+ & COMM&+ FUNCTION PRES]V$ & EXT5D$4 
,! 9TELLECTUAL CLASS DOES NOT ADMIT DIFF]5CES F\ND$ ON NOBLE BIR? OR 
RI*ES2 BUT IT ADMITS DIFF]5CES 9 BRA9S1 9 M5TAL CAPACITY & IT CONSID]S 
ITSELF AS ! CLASS ( M5 ) ! BE/ BRA9S1 SELECT$ TO LEAD ! GREAT 
MASSES ( ! UNGIFT$ COMMON PEOPLE1 DE/9$ TO BE COMMON WORK]S4 

,H5CE ! POLITICAL SY/EM BELONG+ TO ?IS MIDDLE CLASS SOCIALISM CAN NEV] 
BE DEMOCRACY2 IT MU/ BE ! DICTATOR%IP ( A LEAD+ BUREAUCRACY4 ,! 
SOCIALISM ONCE PROCLAIM$ AS !IR SOCIAL GOAL BY ! VANGU>D ( ! WORK+ 
CLASS1 WAS 9T]NATIONAL4 ,BECAUSE !Y SAW PRODUCTION AS A WORLDWIDE UNIT 
PROCESS & ! CLASS /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S AS ! COMMON CAUSE ( ! WORK+ 
CLASS ( ! :OLE WORLD4 ,! 9TELLECTUAL CLASS1 H[EV]1 [+ TO ITS MIDDLE 
CLASS ORIG9 TO ! CLOSE CONNECTION ) ! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 HAS A /RONG 
NATIONAL FEEL+4 ,MOREOV]1 ! 9/RUM5T NECESS>Y = ! REGULATION ( 
PRODUCTION EXI/S AS P[] ORGAN ( ! /ATE4 ,ITS SOCIALI/ GOAL !RE=E 
MEANS A NATIONAL /ATE SOCIALISM4 ,ITS RULE IS ! RULE ( A /ATE BUROCRACY1 ITS 
SY/EM ( PRODUCTION IS /ATE CAPITALISM4 ,9T]NATIONAL WORLD UNITY IS A 
F>-AWAY DREAM TO !M1 NOT A MATT] ( PRACTICAL IDEALS4 

,SOME *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! SOCIAL IDEALS ( ! 9TELLECTUAL CLASS >E F\ND 
9 SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY1 ESPECIALLY 9 ITS /ATE-SOCIALI/ PROGRAM1 ?\< ITS 
RELATION ( LEAD]S TO MASSES HAS A MORE DEMOCRATIC /AMP4 ,9 ,G]MAN ,NATIONAL 
,SOCIALISM SOME O!RS ( !SE *>ACT]I/ICS >E P]CEPTIBLE4 ,! T5D5CIES 
( A CLASS >E NEV] REPRODUC$ PURELY 9 A POLITICAL P>TY OR A POLITICAL 
MOVEM5T4 ,!Y >E ! UND]LY+ BASIS1 ! UND]GR\ND /REAM1 TAK+ ITS 
C\RSE & GR[+ AFT] FIX$ LAWS1 DET]M9$ BY CLASS 9T]E/S1 BY NE$S ( 
SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 BY ! DEEPE/ SUBCONSCI\S FEEL+S :I* ! SOCIAL 
CONDITIONS PRODUCE 9 A CLASS4 ,!Y >E NOT ADEQUATELY REPRES5T$ 9 ! 
SURFACE PH5OM5A1 9 ! POLITICAL EV5TS1 ! P>TY PLAT=MS1 ! 
GOV]NM5T'S *ANGES1 ! MEASURES TAK51 ! REVOLUTIONS1 ! 
PROGRAMMS--BECAUSE 9 ALL !SE ! TRADITIONS1 ! EXI/+ P[] FACTORS1 ! 
RELATIVE =CE ( CONTE/+ OR CO-OP]AT+ CLASSES1 GR\PS1 P>TIES1 PLAY A 
ROLE4 ,BUT !N ALWAYS ANEW1 ! REALITIES HIDD5 B5EA? ! SURFACE BREAK 
?R\<1 UPSET ! OLD & DET]M9E ! NEW IDEAS & POLITICAL EV5TS4 ,SO WE 
HAVE TO LOOK 9TO !SE EV5TS = ! CLASS =CES AT WORK 9 !M1 JU/ AS = 
! =CES ( NATURE WE LOOK 9TO ! NATURAL PH5OM5A4 

,9 FASCISM & NATIONAL SOCIALISM ! CLASS SPIRIT ( ! 9TELLECTUAL MIDDLE 
CLASSES APPE>S 9 ITS FIR/ G]MS4 ,WE SEE AS YET ONLY A COMMON REVOLT AGA9/ 
DEMOCRACY1 ) ONLY A FA9T & VAGUE DESIRE = AN ECONOMICALLY CON/RUCTIVE 
POLICY4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! SPIRITUAL =CE ( ! NATIONAL-SOCIALI/ SLOGANS ( 
! 9TELLECTUAL CLASS WAS SUFFICI5T TO C>RY AWAY NUMB]S ( WORK]S :O SAW 
9 IT AN ORGANIZ+ P[] AGA9/ CAPITALI/ DISORD]4 

,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT !SE P>TIES WILL REALIZE1 OR TRY TO REALIZE ! CLASS 
IDEALS ( ! 9TELLECTUAL CLASS8 ,?IS CLASS IS WELL-NI< P[]LESS AGA9/ ! 
CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,! SOCIAL P[] ( ! 9TELLECTUALS1 MEASUR$ BY !IR 
NUMB]1 !IR CLASS CONSCI\SNESS1 !IR SOCIAL FEEL+1 IS /ILL F> BEL[ ! 
P[] :I* ! WORK+ CLASS HAD LONG AGO ALREADY ATTA9$4 ,! CAPITALI/ 
CLASS 9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA IS SO P[]FUL ?AT IT DOES NOT NE$ TO TOL]ATE ANY 
ORGANIZATION OR REGULATION ( PRODUCTION BEYOND ITS [N 9T]E/S4 ,IT IS ONLY 
:5 CAPITALISM FEELS ITSELF EXTREMELY WEAK5$ & 5DANG]$1 BY H>D & LONG 
CRISIS1 BY WORK]'S REVOLTS1 BY WORLD W>1 ?AT CONDITIONS >E DIFF]5T4 ,!N 
! 9TELLECTUALS1 TOGE!R ) P>T ( ! WORK]S1 MAY BE CALL$ UPON TO 
9TRODUCE CON/RUCTIVE POLICY1 T5D+ T[>DS /ATE CAPITALI/IC 
EXP]IM5TS4 

,:51 H[EV]1 ! WORK+ CLASS1 RIS+ AGA9/ ! UNBE>ABLE OPPRESSION ( 
MONOPOLI/IC CAPITALISM1 BY MEANS ( REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS1 %\LD SUCCE$ 9 
BEAT+ D[N CAPITALI/ P[]1 :AT WILL ! 9TELLECTUAL CLASS DO8 ,!N ! 
POSITION WILL BE REV]S$2 ! WORK+ CLASS1 BY ITS MI<TY FI<T+ P[]1 
C>RIES ! O!R DISCONT5T$ CLASSES ALONG ) IT1 9 A COMMON ASSAULT ON 
CAPITALISM4 ,!N GREAT P>TS ( ! 9TELLECTUAL CLASS WILL JO9 !M1 WON OV] 
BY ! GREAT SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ IDEALS1 & WILL CONSID] !M AS !IR 
COMMON CAUSE4 ,9 EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 HI/ORY WE SEE GREAT NUMB]S 
JO9+ IT 9 A COMMON 5?USIASM = AIMS MORE RADICAL ?AN !IR [N IDEALS1 
!REBY MAK+ VICTORY MORE EASY4 ,BUT AFT]W>DS IT APPE>$ ?AT EA* ( ! 
ALLIES 9T]PRET$ ! SLOGANS & AIMS 9 HIS [N WAY1 ?US CAUS+ DISS5SIONS 
& NEW FI<TS BETWE5 ! =M] COMRADES4 ,! SAME WILL D\BTLESSLY BE ! 
CASE 9 FUTURE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS4 

,! SLOGANS3 AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 = SOCIALISM OR COMMUNISM1 WILL BE COMON 
.<SIC.> TO ! REVOLUTION>Y CLASSES4 ,BUT = EA* 
CLASS !Y MEAN A DIFF]5T =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,! WORK+ CLASS HAS 
TO BUILD UP PRODUCTION FROM BEL[1 BY !IR DIRECT HOLD OV] ! FACTORIES1 & 
TO ORGANIZE !M BY MEANS ( !IR WORK]S' C\NCILS 9TO A DEMOCRATIC 
COMMONWEAL?4 ,! 9TELLECTUAL CLASS WILL TRY TO 9/ALL A C5TRALLY ORGANIZ$ 
/ATE SOCIALISM1 DIRECT$ BY A LEAD+ BUROCRACY4 

,IS NOT ! 9TELLECTUAL CLASS RI<T 9 ?IS8 ,IS IT NOT NECESS>Y ?AT 9 
!SE MO/ DIFFICULT TIMES ( FI<T+ & SOCIAL RECON/RUCTION ! IGNORANT 
MASSES %\LD BE DIRECT$ BY ?OSE :O HAVE ! BE/ BRA9S8 ,IS IT NOT TRUE1 
?AT = ?AT P]IOD ?IS SELECT$ M9ORITY CLASS1 TRA9$ 9 SCI5CE1 9 
G5]AL & SPECIAL KN[L$GE1 >E ! NATURAL LEAD]S1 TILL UP TO ! TIME :5 
NEW G5]ATIONS HAVE BE5 BORN8 

,NO1 ?IS IS NOT TRUE4 ,! ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY IS NOT A MATT] ( 
TE*NICS1 ( SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE4 ,! TE*NICS ( PRODUCTION >E EXCELL5T 
ALREADY4 ,CAPITALISM HAS DEVELOP$ ! SCI5CE ( ! =CES ( NATURE & ITS 
APPLICATION TO A HI< LEVEL4 ,?IS IS ! DOMA9 ( ! SUP]IOR KN[L$GE ( ! 
9TELLECTUALS4 ,AS TE*NICAL EXP]TS 9 ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION !Y MAY APPLY 
!IR BRA9S = ! B5EFIT ( ! COMMUNITY4 

,BUT SOCIAL ORGANIZATION HAS TO DEAL ) O!R ?+S3 ) SOCIAL =CES & 
) ! KN[L$GE ( SOCIAL =CES4 ,IT IS AN ORGANIZATION ( M54 ,& H]E ! 
9TELLECTUALS HAVE NO SPECIAL CAPACITIES4 ,:AT !Y BR+ ALONG IS ONLY ! 
HAU<TY PREJUDICES ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,9 SOCIAL 9SI<T1 9 KN[L$GE ( 
! REAL CLASS RELATIONS ( SOCIETY ! 9TELLECTUALS /& BEL[ ! WORK+ 
CLASS4 ,BECAUSE !IR M9D CL+S TO IDEAS BELONG+ TO A PASS+ P]IOD4 ,BECAUSE 
\TSIDE ( !IR PHYSICAL MA*9ES1 9 MATT]S ( HUMAN RELATION%IP1 !Y >E 
WONT TO DEAL NOT ) ! REALITIES ( SOCIAL LIFE ITSELF1 BUT ) !IR 
SPIRITUAL IMAGES1 CONCEPTIONS1 !ORIES1 AB/RACTIONS4 

,SOCIAL ORGANIZATION DOES NOT DEP5D ON QUALITIES ( ! 9TELLECT ( A 
M9ORITY4 ,IT DEP5DS ON QUALITIES ( *>ACT] ( ! :OLE WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,IT 
IS ! CONSOLIDATION ( ! WORK]S 9TO ONE UNITY1 ?R\< /RONG MORAL & 
ECONOMIC =CES1 :I* CAN NOT BE COMM5D$ BY LEAD]S BUT MU/ GR[ UP 9 ! 
MASSES 9 !IR FI<T = FRE$OM4 

,?US ! SOCIAL IDEALS & AIMS ( ! 9TELLECTUALS & ( ! WORK+ CLASS 
OPPOSE ONE ANO!R4 ,! 9TELLECTUAL CLASS1 :5 IT %\LD TRY TO E/ABLI% SOME 
SOCIAL ORD]1 MU/ CALL UPON OLD 9/9CTS ( OB$I5CE1 UPON ! SLAVE FEEL+S 
( A BYGONE HUMANITY4 ,= ITS /ATE-SOCIALI/ AIMS IT WILL F9D ALLIES 9 
SOCIALDEMOCRATIC & P>TY-COMMUNI/ PLAT=MS1 9 UNION LEAD]S1 9 ! 
CAPITALI/IC IDEAS ( TIMID & BACKW>D WORK]S1 :O ?9K COMMUNI/ FRE$OM 
TOO HI< = !M1 & 9 ! BEAT5 REMNANTS ( ! CAPITALI/ =CE4 ,!N ! 
WORK+ CLASS1 F9D+ ITSELF OPPOS$ BY ?IS BLOCK1 TRY+ UND] ! BANN] ( 
0SOCIALISM AGA9/ AN>*Y0 TO PRES]VE ! DOM9ATION ( A RUL+ CLASS OV] 
! WORK+ CLASS1 WILL NE$ ALL ITS WISDOM & ALL ITS UNITY TO F9D & TO 
FI<T ITS WAY TO FRE$OM4 

,J4,H4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,! ,9TELLECTUALS -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,9TELLECTUALS -- ,UPDAT$4 

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