,9TRODUCTION 

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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,ROSE ,/RUNSKY 

,TEXT 3 

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,! ULTIMATE MEAN+ ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION :I* TOOK PLACE 9 ,M>*1 #a#i#a#g1 CAN BE BE/ UND]/OOD ?R\< ! PAGES ( ! ,J\RNAL ( ,LEO ,TOL/OY :I* IS H]E PR9T$4 ,! SPIRITUAL QUALITIES :I* MAKE UP ! M9D & P]SONALITY ( ,TOL/OY >E ! SPIRITUAL QUALITIES :I* MAKE UP ! NEW ]A AMONG M5 :I* IS BE+ WAG$ SO PA9FULLY & SO UNCOMPROMIS+LY AT ! PRES5T MOM5T ON ! SOIL ( ,RUSSIA4 ,ONE HOLDS ! KEY TO ! O!R1 = NO L& BUT ,RUSSIA C\LD HAVE PRODUC$ A ,TOL/OY1 & 9 NO L& BUT ,RUSSIA C\LD ,TOL/OY HAVE BE5 SO EMBRAC$ & SO ABSORB$4 

,!Y >E BO? FLE% ( EA* O!R'S FLE%1 & ,I PLACE !M EQUALLY 9 GREATNESS AGA9/ EA* O!R4 ,GREAT & WOND]FUL AS IS ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE1 SO ,TOL/OY WAS AS GREAT & WOND]FUL AS ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE4 ,I SAY ?IS KN[+ WELL ! PA9 & IMPATI5CE BO? FELT = EA* O!R 9 ! LONG EI<TY-TWO YE>S ( ,TOL/OY'S LIFE H]E1 BUT IT WAS ! PA9 & ! IMPATI5CE ( GREAT LOVE & 9F9ITE UND]/&+1 ( FEEL+ & KN[+ EA* O!R'S PULSE-BEATS1 & NOT ! MISUND]/&+ ( /RANG]S4 ,IT WAS ! WISE FA!R D\BT+ ! IMPATI5T ME?ODS ( HIS *ILDR52 IT WAS ! >D5T *ILDR5 DESIR+ & /RUGGL+ TO ACCOMPLI% ! WI%ES ( ! FA!R & BE+ LO/ 9 ! MAEL/ROM ( AN 9SI/5T REALITY4 

,! Y\? W5T FA/] ?AN ! FA!R1 & YET SO 9F9ITE & UNIV]SAL W]E ! WORDS ( ! LATT] ?AT :5 ! LA/ SUMM+S-UP >E MADE BO? /& TOGE!R 9 TOTAL H>MONY & AGREEM5T4 ,TOL/OY AT ?IRTY TOOK NO P>T 9 ! GREAT $UCATIONAL AGR>IAN MOVEM5T ( ! LATT] ,FIFTIES1 & EV5 HAD A F9E SCORN = !IR EXPON5TS :I* DID NOT LEAVE HIM 9 HIS LAT] YE>S--WITNESS ! PHRASE AGA9/ ,H]Z5 & ,*]NI%EVSKY1 0RAIS$ TO GREAT M510 HE SAID1 0& :O \<T TO BE GRATEFUL TO ! GOV]NM5T & ! C5SOR%IP1 )\T :I* !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 ! MO/ UNNOTIC$ ( SKET*-WRIT]S40 ,& YET IT WAS ,H]Z5 & ,*]NI%EVSKY & ,DOBROLUBOV1 !SE 0SKET*-WRIT]S10 :O KEPT UP ! FIRE ( AGR>IAN RE=M & :O PRACTICALLY =C$ ! ISSUE UPON ,ALEX&] ,I,I4 ,TOL/OY IGNOR$ ! :OLE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ?AT TIME2 EV5 MORE ?AN IGNOR$ IT2 ?REW HIMSELF SEEM+LY 9TO ! OPPOSITE CAMP1 LEAD+ ! LIFE ( A GAY FET$ H]O RETURN$ FROM ! ,CRIMEAN ,W>4 ,BUT HIS ,MORN+ ( A ,L&$ ,PROPRIETOR %[S ?AT HE WAS ?9K+ DEEPLY EV5 AT ?AT TIME ( ! SOCIAL PROBLEMS >\ND HIM1 ONLY HE WAS ?9K+ MORE SL[LY ?AN ! RE/4 ,HE WAS JU/ WAK+ UP TO ! FACT ?AT ! PEASANT CONDITIONS NE$$ IMPROVEM5T1 AT ! TIME :5 ALL >\ND HIM ! Y\? HAD PASS$ TO ! IDEA ?AT IT WAS NOT AN IMPROVEM5T ?AT !Y NE$$1 BUT AN ABSOLUTE *ANGE 9 ! FUNDAM5TAL IDEAS ( PROP]TY4 ,IT TOOK HIM =TY YE>S TO SAY1 ?AT Y\ MI<T AS WELL ASK HIM H[ TO MAKE USE ( ! [N]%IP1 OR ! LABOR OR ! R5T ( A BOND$ SLAVE AS TO ASK HIM = ADVICE AS TO ! PROBLEM ( [N+ ( L&4 ,H]E WAS NO RE=M] SPEAK+1 BUT ONE :O WAS UNIT$ ) ! REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T >\ND HIM4 

,BUT :5 ! M5 ( ! ,SIXTIES W]E MAK+ ?AT ANSW] = !MSELVES1 & HAD WON ! FIR/ GREAT /EP T[>D ! *ANGE--! ABOLITION ( S]FDOM--,TOL/OY WAS AWAY ALTOGE!R FROM HIS NATIVE L& WRIT+ ?AT GREAT EPO* ( ! ,W> ( #a#h#a#b--,W> & ,PEACE4 ,IT WAS BECAUSE ?IS GREAT S\L WAS UNDOGMATIC1 & REA*$ \T 9TO ! WORLD NOT BY MASS ?9K+1 BUT M>VEL\SLY 5\< 5TIRELY BY HIMSELF1 LAY+ HIS ROOTS F> & DEEP1 ?AT HE SEEM$ SO SL[ MOV+4 ,YET IT WAS ! DIRECTION & ! 5D ?AT C\NT$1 & ! 5D F9DS HIM1 LIKE ! RACE BETWE5 ! TORTOISE & ! H>E--?AT HE IS /ILL AHEAD4 

,EV5 ,RUSSIA WILL HAVE F> & LONG TO TRAVEL TO COME TO ?AT K+DOM ( ,GOD ON E>?1 TO ?AT CONCEPTION ( ! MANIFE/ATION ( ! WILL ( ,GOD ON E>?1 :I* IS ! SPIRITUAL IDEAL ( ,TOL/OY1 T[>D :I*1 EXPRESS IT 9 ANY MAT]IALI/IC OR NATURALI/IC T]MS IT MAY1 ! ,RUSSIAN NATION HAS ) ONE M9D BE5 WORK+ ) SU* M>VEL\S SELF-CONSCI\SNESS4 

,AGA91 AFT] ! EMANCIPATION ( ! S]FS1 ,TOL/OY SEEM$ TO FAIL ! ,NEW ,RUSSIA1 9T]E/+ HIMSELF ONLY AT ?IS MOM5T ) ! $UCATION ( ! Y\? & ! NE$ ( RE=M--EV] ! NE$ ( RE=M1 :5 ALREADY = OV] A DECADE ! CRY ( ,RUSSIA WAS = NEW =MS 5TIRELY1 NEW L& >RANGEM5TS1 NEW RELATIONS BETWE5 MAN & MAN1 & MAN & HIS PROP]TY4 ,! TIME HAD COME1 !Y SAID1 = ! ,WILL ( ! ,PEOPLE TO BE MADE MANIFE/4 

,BUT BE=E ,TOL/OY C\LD DECIDE ON ?AT1 HE HAD TO DECIDE ON A MORE FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEM ( :AT HIS RELATION WAS TO ,GOD1 AS WELL AS :AT HIS RELATION WAS TO MAN4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 :AT W]E ! TRUE SPIRITUAL RELATIONS BETWE5 MAN & MAN1 NOT ONLY ! ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL ONES4 ,& IT IS ?IS ATTEMPT TO SOLVE ! REAL FUNDAM5TAL MEAN+ TO ALL RELATION%IP1 ! V]Y REASON = ! Y\?'S \TBUR/S AGA9/ ! ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL 9JU/ICES ?AT EXI/$1 ?AT KEPT HIM MOV+ =W>D SO SL[LY4 ,= HE MOV$ :OLE WORLDS AT A /EP4 

,! ONLY REASON = LIFE1 HE SAID1 IS ! UNIV]SAL DESIRE = WELL BE+1 :I* 9 MAN1 :OSE REASON HAS AWAK5$1 IS EXP&$ 9TO A DESIRE = UNIV]SAL WELF>E2 9 O!R WORDS1 = LOVE4 ,= HE KN[S ?AT HE IS NOT A SEP>ATE BE+1 BUT A P>T ( A :OLE1 & !RE=E IT IS MEAN+LESS TO ?9K ?AT HE CAN OBTA9 ANY?+ = HIMSELF ALONE4 ,IT IS ONLY 9 /RUGGL+ & ATTA9+ = ! ,:OLE ?AT HE CAN F9D HIS TRUE LIFE4 

,! ,RUSSIAN Y\? AGRE$ ) HIM 5TIRELY4 ,TO !IR LOGIC1 ! /RUGGLE = UNIV]SAL WELF>E L$ TO T]RORISM2 TO ,TOL/OY1 TO ! ABSOLUTE NONRESI/ANCE TO EVIL BY VIOL5CE4 ,! Y\? SAID ! WILL ( ,GOD IS BE+ ?W>T$ BY A B& ( OPPRESSORS4 ,IF WE DO AWAY ) ! OPPRESSORS WE CAN GET TOGE!R 9 MUTUAL LOVE4 ,TOL/OY SAID ?AT HE :O ?9KS HE CAN VIOLATE ! WILL ( ,GOD = AN IMM$IATE GOOD IS ONLY %ORT-SI<T$4 ,NEV] AT ANY MOM5T CAN ! WILL ( ,GOD BE ?W>T$ & ! GOOD ATTA9$4 

,= A :ILE ! ,RUSSIAN ,GOV]NM5T RA!R APPROV$ ( ! ,TOL/OYAN ATTITUDE ( NONRESI/ANCE TO EVIL4 ,! ONE :O US$ ! GREATE/ AM\NT ( VIOL5CE & EVIL ( ALL1 WAS PLEAS$ TO MEET ! PHILOSOPHY :I* ADVIS$ NONRESI/ANCE TO IT4 ,BUT ,TOL/OY GREW & TRAVEL$ 9 HIS LONG YE>S & HE HAD TO *ANGE HIS CONCLUSIONS1 SO ?AT HIS LOGIC L$ HIM TO ?AT MO/ SELF-CONSCI\S & DIFFICULT ( ALL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS1 PASSIVE-RESI/ANCE4 ,TAKE NO P>T 9 VIOL5CE1 HE SAID2 !RE=E1 PAY NO TAXES ?AT SUPPORT A GOV]NM5T :I* VIOLATES1 & DO NOT S]VE 9 ! >MY :I* IS AN ACT ( VIOL5CE 9 ITSELF4 ,IT WAS !N ?AT ,TOL/OY WAS LOOK$ UPON ) ASKANCE BY ! ,RUSSIAN AU?ORITIES & =M]LY ANA!MATIZ$ FROM ! *UR*4 ,IT WAS TO HIS FOLL[]S ?AT ! MORE DRA/IC PUNI%M5T ( IMPRISONM5T & EXILE WAS MET$ \T4 

,T[>D ! LATT] YE>S ( HIS LIFE1 HIS GREAT HUMAN HE>T C\LD NOT REMA9 QUITE CLOS$ TO ! VIOL5CE >\ND HIM1 & RELIGI\S ?9K] ?AT HE WAS1 HE HAD TO /OP HIS M$ITATIONS TO CRY \T AGA9/ ! ,KI%9EFF MASSACRES ( ! ,JEWS & AGA9/ ! RAIS+ ( ! SCAFFOLDS & ! TY+ ( ! 0,/OLYP9E'S NECK-TIES10 ?AT MO/ TELL+ NICK-NAME ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE = ! NOOSE1 :I* WAS TI$ EV5 = S*OOL *ILDR5 ON ! CROSSROADS ( ,RUSSIA AFT] ! BITT] FAILURE ( ! REVOLUTION ( #a#i#e4 

,IT WAS ONLY 9 ,:AT ,IS ,>T8 ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE & ,TOL/OY W]E UNANIM\SLY AT ONE4 ,>T IS TO S]VE ! PEOPLE1 TO BE ( ! PEOPLE1 TO BE SOME?+ UND]/&ABLE BY ALL PEOPLE4 ,!RE W]E TO BE NO DOGMAS = >T1 NO ,G]MAN METAPHYSICS = >T4 ,IT WAS M]ELY ! MEANS ( EXPRESS+ TO HIS NEI<BOR ! MY/]IES ?AT W5T ON 9 ! S\L ( ! >TI/4 ,!RE WAS NO QU>REL H]E BETWE5 HIS FELL[ C\NTRYM5 & ! GREAT ?9K]4 ,EV]Y?+ WAS TO BE = ! PEOPLE2 ! SPIRITUAL MANIFE/ATIONS ( LIFE AS WELL AS ! MAT]IAL4 

,H[ TO MAKE CLE> ?AT = ALL ?IS SEEM+ LACK ( H>MONY1 !RE EXI/$ ! GREATE/ BOND ( ALL BETWE5 ?IS TEA*] & HIS *ILDR54 ,?\S&S 9 ,RUSSIA TOOK HIS LIFE AS AN EXAMPLE & LEFT ! VA+LORIES ( ! CITY ) ALL ITS FALSE /&>DS & W5T TO LIVE AMONG ! PEOPLE4 ,!Y W5T NOT ONLY TO S]VE !M BUT TO BE ONE ( !M1 TO LIVE BY ! SWEAT ( !IR BR[ AS ! MASSES DID1 BECAUSE IT WAS ! ONLY MORAL ?+ TO DO1 & BECAUSE ! GREATE/ HAPP9ESS LAY 9 ! SPIRITUAL VALUES ( LIFE1 & BECAUSE1 AS ,TOL/OY HIMSELF SAYS1 0,IT IS GOOD ) !M1 BUT ) US IT IS %AMEFUL40 

,I REMEMB] SO WELL ! DEEP-SET EYES & ! LONG %AGGY EYEBR[S ( ?AT ALL-KN[+ SE]1 AS HE SAT ON ! V]&A ( HIS HOME 9 ,YASNAYA ,POLYANA ONE ,MAY AFT]NOON 9 #a#i#f1 & TOLD US ?AT HE WAS A RELIGI\S ?9K] & NOT A POLITICAL ONE BUT ?AT TO HIS M9D ! REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA W\LD TAKE FIFTY YE>S TO DEVELOP4 ,& ) ?AT F9E SCORN = P>LIAM5T>ISM :I* W\LD HAVE REJOIC$ ! HE>T ( ANY SYNDICALI/1 HE ADD$ ?AT ?AT :I* WE W]E WITNESS+ N[1 ! ASSEMBL+ ( ! FIR/ ,DUMA1 WAS ONLY ! FIR/ SC5E ( ! FIR/ ACT ( A FIVE ACT DRAMA & IT WAS HI< COM$Y6 

,! SECOND SC5E FOLL[$ SOON & TURN$ \T TO BE BITT] TRAG$Y1 & BE=E IT WAS QUITE OV] ,TOL/OY W&]$ (F ON ?AT LA/ PILGRIMAGE :I* 5D$ 9 ! LITTLE RAILWAY /ATION ( ,O/OPOVA4 ,HE SUCCUMB$ AT LA/ TO ?AT 0TEMPTATION0 HE SPEAKS ( SO FREELY 9 HIS ,J\RNAL1 TO LEAVE HIS HOME CONDITIONS1 NEGATE HIMSELF 5TIRELY1 & F9D HIMSELF AGA91 M]G$ & AT ONE ) ! ,:OLE4 ,& ! ,GREAT ,DELIV]] CAME & (F]$ HIM EV5 A GREAT] FUSION ) ALL1 GIV+ HIM ?AT 0O!R PO/10 ! 0NEW APPO9TM5T0 HE SO >D5TLY PRAY$ = 9 LIFE4 ,:5 ?AT HAPP5$ HE BECAME AT ONCE CLE> & LUCID EV5 TO ?OSE NE>E/ HIM--:O HAD CRITICIZ$ HIM ! MO/4 ,! ,RUSSIAN Y\? WAS DISCONSOLATE4 ,\R SPIRITUAL GUIDE IS GONE1 !Y CRI$4 ,:O WILL HOLD UP ! C&LE = US N[8 ,:AT BLACK NI<T IS !RE 9 ! WORLD1 & H[ TO GROPE \R WAY 9 IT ALONE6 

,H[ LONELY IT WAS )\T ?AT SPIRITUAL GUIDE6 

,! FIR/ ACT ( ! ,M>* ,REVOLUTION WAS TO R$ECORATE ! GRAVE ( ,TOL/OY 9 ! =E/ ( ,ZAKAZ1 TO MAKE ! SACR$ PILGRIMAGE TO HIS RE/+ PLACE & TELL ! FA!R ( ! GOOD NEWS--! WILL ( ,GOD IS BE+ E/ABLI%$1 REASON IS AWAK5$ 9 MAN4 ,LOVE T[>D NEI<BOR2 NAY1 ! GREATE/ ( ALL1 LOVE T[>D 5EMIES1 IS BE+ ACCOMPLI%$4 

,IT IS ) A FEEL+ ( REV]5CE ?AT ,I BR+ ?IS GIFT ( ! 9N] S\L ( ,TOL/OY TO ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ PUBLIC4 ,! V]Y =MLESSNESS ( ! PHRASES ( ?IS ,J\RNAL HELPS T[>D A S9C]ITY ( ?\<T :I* %[S ITSELF PURE BY ITS NAK$NESS4 ,TOL/OY HIMSELF KNEW ! VALUE ( !SE DOCUM5TS1 = ONE MAN WAS TO HIM AS ANO!R1 & ! S9C]E GROP+S ( A MAN'S REASON T[>D ! UND]/&+ ( ! MEAN+ ( LIFE WAS ( VALUE EV5 IF !Y W]E HIS [N1 & ESPECIALLY IF !Y W]E ( ONE :O HAD LIV$ MU* & ?\<T MU* AS HE DID4 0,IT IS ESPECIALLY DISAGREEABLE TO ME10 HE WRITES1 0:5 PEOPLE :O HAVE LIV$ LITTLE & ?\<T LITTLE DO NOT BELIEVE ME1 &1 NOT UND]/&+ ME1 >GUE ) ME AB\T MORAL PROBLEMS4 ,IT W\LD BE ! SAME = :I* A VET]9>Y SURGEON W\LD BE HURT IF PEOPLE :O W]E NOT FAMILI> ) HIS >T W\LD >GUE ) HIM40 ,& ,TOL/OY KNEW ?AT HE KNEW HIS >T1 HE KNEW CONSCI\SLY1 S9CE ! SPIRITUAL AWAK5+ ?AT CAME TO HIM 9 ! ,EI<TIES1 ! GREAT MISSION TO :I* HE D$ICAT$ HIS LIFE--TO F9D A MORAL JU/IFICATION ( LIV+--& IT IS !RE=E ?AT HE LAID SPECIAL /RESS 9 ! DISPOSAL ( !SE DOCUM5TS = ! PUBLIC AFT] HIS DEA?4 ,! VOLUME H]E PR9T$ IS ONLY F\R YE>S ( OV] SIXTY YE>S ( ,J\RNAL :I* HE KEPT S9CE HIS E>LY TW5TIES4 ,!Y >E PUBLI%$ FIR/1 BECAUSE IT IS ONLY ) ! ,J\RNAL BEG9N+ #ahi ?AT HIS $ITOR & FRI5D1 ,V4 ,G4 ,*]TKOV1 HAS ! COPI$ MANUSCRIPTS 9 !IR 5TIRETY--FROM ?AT DATE UP TO ,TOL/OY'S DEA? 9 #a#i#a4 

,OV] & OV] AGA9 9 HIS LIFE1 ,TOL/OY ATTEMPT$ TO MAKE SPECIAL & LEGAL PROVISION = HIS J\RNALS & NOTEBOOKS1 AS HE CALLS !M1 ?AT !Y BE GIV5 & SPREAD FREE TO ! PUBLIC1 & HE DESIGNAT$ HIS FRI5D & FOLL[]1 :O HAS $IT$ & PUBLI%$ ?IS VOLUME 9 ,RUSSIAN1 AS ! PRACTICAL 9H]ITOR & EXECUTOR ( !SE MANUSCRIPTS4 ,HE WAS TO PUBLI% !M 9 !IR 5TIRETY1 EXCEPT = C]TA9 REVISIONS SO ?AT !RE %\LD BE PRES]V$1 AS ,TOL/OY EXPRESS$ IT1 ?AT :I* \<T TO BE PRES]V$ & !RE %\LD BE ?R[N \T ?AT :I* \<T TO BE ?R[N \T4 

0,I KN[10 HE WROTE TO ,*]TKOV1 ,FEBRU>Y #h1 #a#i1 0?AT NO ONE BE>S SU* AN E/EEM1 RESPECT & LOVE = MY SPIRITUAL LIFE & ITS EXPRESSION AS Y\ DO4 ,I ALWAYS SAID IT & N[ ,I WRITE IT 9 MY NOTES :I* EXPRESS MY WI%ES AFT] MY DEA?1 ASK+ Y\ ESPECIALLY1 & ONLY Y\1 TO UND]TAKE ! REVISION ( MY PAP]S40 

,?IS ,*]TKOV HAS DONE EXCE$+LY WELL 9 ! ORIG9AL ,RUSSIAN $ITION1 GIV+ 9 D\BLE BRACKETS ! NUMB] ( ! WORDS HE LEFT \T1 :I* SEEM$ TO HIM NECESS>Y ON ACC\NT ( !IR TOO 9TIMATE *>ACT]4 ,!SE PLACES ,I HAVE M]ELY 9DICAT$ BY ?REE PO9TS4 ,UN=TUNATELY ! ,RUSSIAN VOLUME WAS PR9T$ UND] ! OLD REGIME & DELETIONS HAD TO BE MADE ON ACC\NT ( ! C5SOR1 :I*1 BECAUSE ( ! DIFFICULTY ( COMMUNICATION DUR+ ! W>1 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO FILL 94 ,!SE PLACES >E ALSO DESIGNAT$ 9 ?IS VOLUME BY ?REE PO9TS1 BUT 9 ! ,RUSSIAN $ITION !Y >E GIV5 9 D\BLE P>5!SIS1 ALSO 5CLOS+ ! NUMB] ( ! WORDS LEFT \T4 ,SO ?AT A RECORD ( ALL OMISSIONS HAVE BE5 KEPT4 

,! PROBLEM ( DISPOS+ ( !SE DOCUM5TS AFT] HIS DEA? ACCORD+ TO HIS PR9CIPLES AGA9/ COPYRI<TS1 OCCUPI$ ,TOL/OY = MANY YE>S4 ,! ,RUSSIAN LAW NULLIFI$ ANY SU* DISPOSAL ( PROP]TY1 = LEGALLY ! 9H]ITOR HAD TO BE A FIX$ P]SON 0& WORKS TO BE DISPOS$ ( FREE TO ALL0 MEANT NO?+4 ,HE !RE=E WROTE MANY WILLS1 DEF9+ & MODIFY+ HIS POSITION 9 ALL POSSIBLE WAYS SO ?AT HIS IDEAS MI<T BE C>RI$ \T1 & 9 SU* A =M ?AT !Y C\LD NOT BE FRU/RAT$ BY ANY ONE4 

,HIS PLANS W]E ?REEFOLD3 

#a4 ,?AT ALL HIS WORKS WRITT5 AFT] #ahha AS WELL AS ALL HIS WRIT+S WRITT5 BE=E ?AT YE> 7! YE> ?AT M>KS HIS SPIRITUAL REG5]ATION7 BUT NOT PUBLI%$ UNTIL LAT] OR NOT PUBLI%$ AT ALL UP TO HIS DEA?1 %\LD BE NO ONE'S PROP]TY1 BUT BE GIV5 FREE TO ! PUBLIC = PR9T+ & TRANSLATION4 

#b4 ,?AT ALL HIS MANUSCRIPTS & DOCUM5TS 7AMONG ?AT NUMB] ! J\RNALS1 FIR/ DRAFTS ( BOOKS1 LETT]S1 ETC417 :I* W\LD REMA9 AFT] HIS DEA? %\LD BE GIV5 OV] TO ,V4 ,G4 ,*]TKOV1 :O WAS TO REVISE !M & >RANGE !M 9 SUITABLE =M = PUBLICATION4 

#c4 ,?AT ! E/ATE ( ,YASNAYA ,POLYANA %\LD BE GIV5 OV] TO ! PEASANTS4 

,TOL/OY'S FIR/ IDEA WAS ?AT ,*]TKOV %\LD BE ONE ( ! LEGAL 9H]ITORS1 TOGE!R ) ! ,C\NTESS ,TOL/OY1 HIS WIFE4 ,BUT ,*]TKOV REFUS$ = V>I\S P]SONAL REASONS1 HE SAYS1 BUT MA9LY BECAUSE HE ?\<T ?AT ! >RANGEM5T = ! TRANSF] ( PROP]TY C\LD BE BE/ FACILITAT$ & C\LD BE MORE DELICATELY MANAG$ IF SOME ONE MEMB] ( ! ,TOL/OY FAMILY WAS DESIGNAT$ 9/EAD ( AN \TSID]4 ,TOL/OY1 !RE=E1 DESIGNAT$ AS HIS LEGAL 9H]ITOR HIS Y\NGE/ DAU<T] ,ALEX&RA1 :O /OOD 9 CLOSE SYMPA?Y ) HIM 9 HIS SPIRITUAL IDEAS1 &1 9 CASE ( H] DEA? BE=E HIS [N1 HIS ELDE/ DAU<T] ,TATIANA4 ,HE HOP$ ?AT HIS DAU<T]S1 TOGE!R ) ! ,C\NTESS ,TOL/OY1 W\LD FULFILL HIS REQUE/S CONC]N+ ! DISPOSAL ( HIS PO/HUM\S DOCUM5TS & ! GIFT ( ! E/ATE ACCORD+ TO HIS WI%ES4 

,AFT] ,TOL/OY'S DEA? ! E/ATE WAS GIV5 TO ! PEASANTS BY MEANS ( ! SALE ( MO/ ( ! PO/HUM\S DOCUM5TS :I* 5ABL$ HIS DAU<T] ,ALEX&RA TO BUY BACK ! E/ATE FROM ! FAMILY & GIVE IT TO ! PEASANTS AS DIRECT$ BY ,TOL/OY1 BUT 9 ! MATT] ( ! J\RNALS IT WAS MORE DIFFICULT TO >RANGE FROM ! FACT ?AT ! ,C\NTESS ,TOL/OY PLAC$ ALL !SE J\RNALS & NOTEBOOKS 9 ! ,MOSC[ ,HI/ORICAL ,MUSEUM ON ! GR\ND ?AT !Y W]E A GIFT ( ,TOL/OY TO H] DUR+ HIS LIFETIME & ?AT !RE=E %E HAD A RI<T TO DISPOSE ( !M AS %E ?\<T BE/4 ,! MATT] W\LD HAVE TAK5 ONLY A LEGAL PROCESS 9 ! C\RT TO DIS5TANGLE1 A ?+ :I* ! ,C\NTESS ,ALEX&RA ,TOL/OY DID NOT WI% TO UND]TAKE AS BE+ AGA9/ ! SPIRIT ( H] FA!R TO USE LEGAL =CE TO COME TO AN AGREEM5T4 

,*]TKOV1 !RE=E1 WAS =C$ TO USE ONLY SU* COPIES ( ! ORIG9AL J\RNALS & NOTEBOOKS :I* HE HAPP5$ TO HAVE 9 HIS POSSESSION4 ,! PRES5T VOLUME IS MADE FROM A COPY DONE BY ! H&S ( ! ,PR9CE & ,PR9CESS ,OBOL5SKY1 ! SON-9-LAW & DAU<T] ( ,TOL/OY1 :O ALSO /OOD V]Y NE> TO ,TOL/OY SPIRITUALLY1 W]E CONSCI5TI\S 9 !IR FULFILLM5T ( SU* TASKS = HIM1 & :O KNEW HIS H&WRIT+ V]Y WELL4 ,! ORIG9AL DOCUM5TS >E /ILL 9 ! ,MOSC[ ,HI/ORICAL ,MUSEUM1 BUT ,*]TKOV HAS PROMIS$ TO PUBLI% ! VOLUMES & J\RNALS :I* HE HAS FROM ! YE>S #ai TO #a#i#a1 & HAS ALREADY BR\<T \T A SECOND VOLUME ( ?IS S]IES1 :I* DATES FROM ,TOL/OY'S E>LY YE>S 9 ! TW5TIES4 

,:ATEV] VALUE ?IS VOLUME HAS AS A HI/ORICAL & EXACT TRANSCRIPT ( ,TOL/OY'S ORIG9AL JOTT+S-D[N AS !Y CAME TO HIM1 IT HAS MU* MORE VALUE AS A TRANSCRIPT ( ! ?\<TS ( A GREAT ,RUSSIAN :I* HAVE SO P]MEAT$ HIS PEOPLE ?AT !Y >E N[ BE+ REWRITT5 ON ! PAGES ( ,RUSSIAN HI/ORY4 ,IT IS BECAUSE ! BLOOD ( HIS BRO!R CALLS TO HIM FROM UND] ! GR\ND1 ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN HAS UND]TAK5 TO ADVANCE ONE /EP NE>] TO ! FULFILLM5T ( ! GREAT LAW--TO LIVE TOGE!R 9 H>MONY1 TO S]VE HIS BRO!R & TO DO ! ONE WORK--:I* IS ! ONE WORK = ALL1 TO LOVE4 

,! HUNDR$-YE>S READ9ESS = SACRIFICE = ! COMMON GOOD1 ! WILL+NESS TO GO TO EXILE & DEA? ( F\R G5]ATIONS ( M5 & WOM51 ! R$ FLAG N[ FLY+ OV] ! ,W9T] ,PALACE 9 ,PETROGRAD ) ! LETT]S ( GOLD1 0,PROLET>IANS ( ALL ,NATION ,UNITE10 ! 9SI/5T CALL TO ! PEOPLES ( ! WORLD TO OV]?R[ ALL OPPRESSORS & LIVE TOGE!R 9 MUTUAL H>MONY1 ! TRUMPET CALLS ( A DEMOCRACY :OSE TONES >E SO /RANGE & NEW1 ?AT WE ACROSS ! BORD]S SEEM NOT TO HE> OR UND]/& !M1 ALL HAVE !IR SPIRITUAL C\NT]P>T 9 ! PAGES ( ?IS BOOK4 ,IT IS ,RUSSIA ?AT SPEAKS H]E4 

,I MU/ GIVE MY ?ANKS TO ,MR4 ,ALEX&] ,G\REVI* :O SO C>EFULLY COMP>$ ! ORIG9AL TEXT & ,5GLI% TRANSLATION1 & TO ,MR4 ,JOSEPH ,P]O%NIK(F :O PATI5TLY REVIS$ ! NOTES & ASSI/$ 9 ! COMPILATION ( ! 9DEX4 

,ROSE ,/RUNSKY4 

,NEW ,YORK1 ,MAY1 #a#i#a#g4 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiaf 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #a#i1 #bag 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 

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