,! ,JOY ( ,REVOLUTION 

#aiig 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,K5 ,KNABB 

,TEXT 3 

,*APT] #a3 ,SOME ,FACTS ( ,LIFE 

0,WE CAN COMPREH5D ?IS WORLD ONLY BY CONTE/+ IT AS A :OLE444 ,! ROOT ( ! PREVAIL+ LACK ( IMAG9ATION CANNOT BE GRASP$ UNLESS ONE IS ABLE TO IMAG9E :AT IS LACK+1 ?AT IS1 :AT IS MISS+1 HIDD51 =BIDD51 & YET POSSIBLE1 9 MOD]N LIFE40 

-- ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL .<#a.> 

,UTOPIA OR BU/ 

,NEV] 9 HI/ORY HAS !RE BE5 SU* A GL>+ CONTRA/ BETWE5 :AT C\LD BE & :AT ACTUALLY EXI/S4 

,IT'S H>DLY NECESS>Y TO GO 9TO ALL ! PROBLEMS 9 ! WORLD TODAY -- MO/ ( !M >E WIDELY KN[N1 & TO DWELL ON !M USUALLY DOES LITTLE MORE ?AN DULL US TO !IR REALITY4 ,BUT EV5 IF WE >E 0/OIC 5\< TO 5DURE ! MIS=TUNES ( O!RS10 ! PRES5T SOCIAL DET]IORATION ULTIMATELY IMP+ES ON US ALL4 ,?OSE :O DON'T FACE DIRECT PHYSICAL REPRESSION /ILL HAVE TO FACE ! M5TAL REPRESSIONS IMPOS$ BY AN 9CREAS+LY MEAN1 /RESSFUL1 IGNORANT & UGLY WORLD4 ,?OSE :O ESCAPE ECONOMIC POV]TY CANNOT ESCAPE ! G5]AL IMPOV]I%M5T ( LIFE4 

,& EV5 LIFE AT ?IS PITIFUL LEVEL CANNOT CONT9UE = LONG4 ,! RAVAG+ ( ! PLANET BY ! GLOBAL DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM HAS BR\<T US TO ! PO9T :]E HUMANITY MAY BECOME EXT9CT )9 A FEW DECADES4 

,YET ?IS SAME DEVELOPM5T HAS MADE IT POSSIBLE TO ABOLI% ! SY/EM ( HI]>*Y & EXPLOITATION ?AT WAS PREVI\SLY BAS$ ON MAT]IAL SC>CITY & TO 9AUGURATE A NEW1 G5U9ELY LIB]AT$ =M ( SOCIETY4 

,PLUNG+ FROM ONE DISA/] TO ANO!R ON ITS WAY TO MASS 9SANITY & ECOLOGICAL APOCALYPSE1 ?IS SY/EM HAS DEVELOP$ A MOM5TUM ?AT IS \T ( CONTROL1 EV5 BY ITS SUPPOS$ MA/]S4 ,AS WE APPROA* A WORLD 9 :I* WE WON'T BE ABLE TO LEAVE \R =TIFI$ <ETTOES )\T >M$ GU>DS1 OR EV5 GO \TDOORS )\T APPLY+ SUNSCRE5 LE/ WE GET SK9 CANC]1 IT'S H>D TO TAKE S]I\SLY ?OSE :O ADVISE US TO BEG = A FEW RE=MS4 

,:AT IS NE$$1 ,I BELIEVE1 IS A WORLDWIDE P>TICIPATORY-DEMOCRACY REVOLUTION ?AT W\LD ABOLI% BO? CAPITALISM & ! /ATE4 ,?IS IS ADMITT$LY A BIG ORD]1 BUT ,I'M AFRAID ?AT NO?+ LESS CAN GET TO ! ROOT ( \R PROBLEMS4 ,IT MAY SEEM ABSURD TO TALK AB\T REVOLUTION2 BUT ALL ! ALT]NATIVES ASSUME ! CONT9UATION ( ! PRES5T SY/EM1 :I* IS EV5 MORE ABSURD4 

,/AL9I/ 0COMMUNISM0 & RE=MI/ 0SOCIALISM0 >E M]ELY V>IANTS ( CAPITALISM 

,BE=E GO+ 9TO :AT ?IS REVOLUTION W\LD 9VOLVE & RESPOND+ TO SOME TYPICAL OBJECTIONS1 IT %\LD BE /RESS$ ?AT IT HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! REPUGNANT /]EOTYPES ?AT >E USUALLY EVOK$ BY ! WORD 7T]RORISM1 REV5GE1 POLITICAL C\PS1 MANIPULATIVE LEAD]S PREA*+ SELF-SACRIFICE1 ZOMBIE FOLL[]S *ANT+ POLITICALLY CORRECT SLOGANS74 ,9 P>TICUL>1 IT %\LD NOT BE CONFUS$ ) ! TWO PR9CIPAL FAILURES ( MOD]N SOCIAL *ANGE1 ,/AL9I/ 0COMMUNISM0 & RE=MI/ 0SOCIALISM40 

,AFT] DECADES 9 P[]1 FIR/ 9 ,RUSSIA & LAT] 9 MANY O!R C\NTRIES1 IT HAS BECOME OBVI\S ?AT ,/AL9ISM IS ! TOTAL OPPOSITE ( A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY4 ,! ORIG9 ( ?IS GROTESQUE PH5OM5ON IS LESS OBVI\S4 ,TROTSKYI/S & O!RS HAVE TRI$ TO DI/+UI% ,/AL9ISM FROM ! E>LI] ,BOL%EVISM ( ,L59 & ,TROTSKY4 ,!RE >E DIFF]5CES1 BUT !Y >E MORE ( DEGREE ?AN ( K9D4 ,L59'S ,! ,/ATE & ,REVOLUTION1 = EXAMPLE1 PRES5TS A MORE COH]5T CRITIQUE ( ! /ATE ?AN CAN BE F\ND 9 MO/ AN>*I/ WRIT+S2 ! PROBLEM IS ?AT ! RADICAL ASPECTS ( ,L59'S ?\<T M]ELY 5D$ UP CAM\FLAG+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS' ACTUAL AU?ORIT>IAN PRACTICE4 ,PLAC+ ITSELF ABOVE ! MASSES IT CLAIM$ TO REPRES5T1 & ) A CORRESPOND+ 9T]NAL HI]>*Y BETWE5 P>TY MILITANTS & !IR LEAD]S1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY WAS ALREADY WELL ON ITS WAY T[>D CREAT+ ! CONDITIONS = ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,/AL9ISM :ILE ,L59 & ,TROTSKY W]E /ILL FIRMLY 9 CONTROL4.<#b.> 

,BUT WE HAVE TO BE CLE> AB\T :AT FAIL$ IF WE >E EV] GO+ TO DO ANY BETT]4 ,IF SOCIALISM MEANS PEOPLE'S FULL P>TICIPATION 9 ! SOCIAL DECISIONS ?AT AFFECT !IR [N LIVES1 IT HAS EXI/$ NEI!R 9 ! ,/AL9I/ REGIMES ( ! ,EA/ NOR 9 ! WELF>E /ATES ( ! ,WE/4 ,! REC5T COLLAPSE ( ,/AL9ISM IS NEI!R A V9DICATION ( CAPITALISM NOR PRO( ( ! FAILURE ( 0,M>XI/ COMMUNISM40 ,ANYONE :O HAS EV] BO!R$ TO READ ,M>X 7MO/ ( HIS GLIB CRITICS OBVI\SLY HAVE NOT7 IS AW>E ?AT ,L59ISM REPRES5TS A SEV]E DI/ORTION ( ,M>X'S ?\<T & ?AT ,/AL9ISM IS A TOTAL P>ODY ( IT4 ,NOR DOES GOV]NM5T [N]%IP HAVE ANY?+ TO DO ) COMMUNISM 9 ITS AU!NTIC S5SE ( COMMON1 COMMUNAL [N]%IP2 IT IS M]ELY A DIFF]5T TYPE ( CAPITALISM 9 :I* /ATE-BUREAUCRATIC [N]%IP REPLACES 7OR M]GES )7 PRIVATE-CORPORATE [N]%IP4 

,! LONG SPECTACLE ( OPPOSITION BETWE5 !SE TWO V>IETIES ( CAPITALISM HID !IR MUTUAL RE9=CEM5T4 ,S]I\S CONFLICTS W]E CONF9$ TO PROXY BATTLES 9 ! ,?IRD ,WORLD 7,VIETNAM1 ,ANGOLA1 ,AF<ANI/AN1 ETC474 ,NEI!R SIDE EV] MADE ANY REAL ATTEMPT TO OV]?R[ ! 5EMY 9 ITS [N HE>TL&4 7,! ,FR5* ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY SABOTAG$ ! ,MAY #aifh REVOLT2 ! ,WE/]N P[]S1 :I* 9T]V5$ MASSIVELY 9 C\NTRIES :]E !Y W]E NOT WANT$1 REFUS$ TO S5D SO MU* AS ! FEW ANTITANK WEAPONS DESP]ATELY NE$$ BY ! #aief ,HUNG>IAN 9SURG5TS47 ,GUY ,DEBORD NOT$ 9 #aifg ?AT ,/AL9I/ /ATE-CAPITALISM HAD ALREADY REVEAL$ ITSELF AS M]ELY A 0POOR C\S90 ( CLASSICAL ,WE/]N CAPITALISM1 & ?AT ITS DECL9E WAS BEG9N+ TO DEPRIVE ,WE/]N RUL]S ( ! PSEUDO-OPPOSITION ?AT RE9=C$ !M BY SEEM+ TO REPRES5T ! SOLE ALT]NATIVE TO !IR SY/EM4 0,! B\RGEOISIE IS 9 ! PROCESS ( LOS+ ! ADV]S>Y ?AT OBJECTIVELY SUPPORT$ IT BY PROVID+ AN ILLUSORY UNIFICATION ( ALL OPPOSITION TO ! EXI/+ ORD]0 7,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE1 88#a#a-#a#a#a74 

,AL?\< ,WE/]N LEAD]S PRET5D$ TO WELCOME ! REC5T ,/AL9I/ COLLAPSE AS A NATURAL VICTORY = !IR [N SY/EM1 NONE ( !M HAD SE5 IT COM+ & !Y N[ OBVI\SLY HAVE NO IDEA :AT TO DO AB\T ALL ! PROBLEMS IT POSES EXCEPT TO CA% 9 ON ! SITUATION BE=E IT TOTALLY FALLS AP>T4 ,! MONOPOLI/IC MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS ?AT PROCLAIM 0FREE 5T]PRISE0 AS A PANACEA >E QUITE AW>E ?AT FREE-M>KET CAPITALISM W\LD LONG AGO HAVE EXPLOD$ FROM ITS [N CONTRADICTIONS HAD IT NOT BE5 SAV$ DESPITE ITSELF BY A FEW ,NEW ,DEAL-/YLE PSEUDOSOCIALI/ RE=MS4 

,?OSE RE=MS 7PUBLIC S]VICES1 SOCIAL 9SURANCE1 ! EI<T-H\R DAY1 ETC47 MAY HAVE AMELIORAT$ SOME ( ! MORE GL>+ DEFECTS ( ! SY/EM1 BUT 9 NO WAY HAVE !Y L$ BEYOND IT4 ,9 REC5T YE>S !Y HAVE NOT EV5 KEPT UP ) ITS ACCEL]AT+ CRISES4 ,! MO/ SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEM5TS W]E 9 ANY CASE WON ONLY BY LONG & (T5 VIOL5T POPUL> /RUGGLES ?AT EV5TUALLY =C$ ! H&S ( ! BUREAUCRATS3 ! LEFTI/ P>TIES & LABOR UNIONS ?AT PRET5D$ TO LEAD ?OSE /RUGGLES HAVE FUNCTION$ PRIM>ILY AS SAFETY VALVES1 COOPT+ RADICAL T5D5CIES & GREAS+ ! :EELS ( ! SOCIAL MA*9E4 

,AS ! SITUATIONI/S HAVE %[N1 ! BUREAUCRATIZATION ( RADICAL MOVEM5TS1 :I* HAS DEGRAD$ PEOPLE 9TO FOLL[]S CON/ANTLY 0BETRAY$0 BY !IR LEAD]S1 IS L9K$ TO ! 9CREAS+ SPECTACUL>IZATION ( MOD]N CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 :I* HAS DEGRAD$ PEOPLE 9TO SPECTATORS ( A WORLD OV] :I* !Y HAVE NO CONTROL -- A DEVELOPM5T ?AT HAS BECOME 9CREAS+LY GL>+1 ?\< IT IS USUALLY ONLY SUP]FICIALLY UND]/OOD4 

,TAK5 TOGE!R1 ALL !SE CONSID]ATIONS PO9T TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY CAN BE CREAT$ ONLY BY ! ACTIVE P>TICIPATION ( ! PEOPLE AS A :OLE1 NOT BY HI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATIONS SUPPOS$LY ACT+ ON !IR BEHALF4 ,! PO9T IS NOT TO *OOSE MORE HONE/ OR 0RESPONSIVE0 LEAD]S1 BUT TO AVOID GRANT+ 9DEP5D5T P[] TO ANY LEAD]S :ATSOEV]4 ,9DIVIDUALS OR GR\PS MAY 9ITIATE RADICAL ACTIONS1 BUT A SUB/ANTIAL & RAPIDLY EXP&+ PORTION ( ! POPULATION MU/ TAKE P>T IF A MOVEM5T IS TO LEAD TO A NEW SOCIETY & NOT SIMPLY TO A C\P 9/ALL+ NEW RUL]S4 

,REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY V]SUS DELEGATE DEMOCRACY 

,I WON'T REPEAT ALL ! CLASSIC SOCIALI/ & AN>*I/ CRITIQUES ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE2 !Y >E ALREADY WIDELY KN[N1 OR AT LEA/ WIDELY ACCESSIBLE4 ,BUT 9 ORD] TO CUT ?R\< SOME ( ! CONFUSIONS ( TRADITIONAL POLITICAL RHETORIC1 IT MAY BE HELPFUL TO SUMM>IZE ! BASIC TYPES ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,= ! SAKE ( CL>ITY1 ,I WILL />T \T BY EXAM9+ ! 0POLITICAL0 & 0ECONOMIC0 ASPECTS SEP>ATELY1 ?\< !Y >E OBVI\SLY 9T]L9K$4 ,IT IS AS FUTILE TO TRY TO EQUALIZE PEOPLE'S ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ?R\< A /ATE BUREAUCRACY AS IT IS TO TRY TO DEMOCRATIZE SOCIETY :ILE ! P[] ( MONEY 5ABLES ! WEAL?Y FEW TO CONTROL ! 9/ITUTIONS ?AT DET]M9E PEOPLE'S AW>5ESS ( SOCIAL REALITIES4 ,S9CE ! SY/EM FUNCTIONS AS A :OLE IT CAN BE FUNDAM5TALLY *ANG$ ONLY AS A :OLE4 

,TO BEG9 ) ! POLITICAL ASPECT1 R\<LY SPEAK+ WE CAN DI/+UI% FIVE DEGREES ( 0GOV]NM5T03 

,UNRE/RICT$ FRE$OM 

,DIRECT DEMOCRACY 

CONS5SUS 

MAJORITY RULE 

,DELEGATE DEMOCRACY 

,REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY 

,OV]T M9ORITY DICTATOR%IP 

,! PRES5T SOCIETY OSCILLATES BETWE5 7#d7 & 7#e71 I4E4 BETWE5 OV]T M9ORITY RULE & COV]T M9ORITY RULE CAM\FLAG$ BY A FACADE ( TOK5 DEMOCRACY4 ,A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY W\LD ELIM9ATE 7#d7 & 7#e7 & W\LD PROGRESSIVELY R$UCE ! NE$ = 7#b7 & 7#c74 

,I'LL DISCUSS ! TWO TYPES ( 7#b7 LAT] ON4 ,BUT ! CRUCIAL DI/9CTION IS BETWE5 7#c7 & 7#d74 

,9 REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY PEOPLE ABDICATE !IR P[] TO ELECT$ (FICIALS4 ,! C&IDATES' /AT$ POLICIES >E LIMIT$ TO A FEW VAGUE G5]ALITIES1 & ONCE !Y >E ELECT$ !RE IS LITTLE CONTROL OV] !IR ACTUAL DECISIONS ON HUNDR$S ( ISSUES -- AP>T FROM ! FEEBLE ?REAT ( *ANG+ ONE'S VOTE1 A FEW YE>S LAT]1 TO SOME EQUALLY UNCONTROLLABLE RIVAL POLITICIAN4 ,REPRES5TATIVES >E DEP5D5T ON ! WEAL?Y = BRIBES & CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS2 !Y >E SUBORD9ATE TO ! [N]S ( ! MASS M$IA1 :O DECIDE :I* ISSUES GET ! PUBLICITY2 & !Y >E ALMO/ AS IGNORANT & P[]LESS AS ! G5]AL PUBLIC REG>D+ MANY IMPORTANT MATT]S ?AT >E DET]M9$ BY UNELECT$ BUREAUCRATS & 9DEP5D5T SECRET AG5CIES4 ,OV]T DICTATORS MAY SOMETIMES BE OV]?R[N1 BUT ! REAL RUL]S 9 0DEMOCRATIC0 REGIMES1 ! T9Y M9ORITY :O [N OR CONTROL VIRTUALLY EV]Y?+1 >E NEV] VOT$ 9 & NEV] VOT$ \T4 ,MO/ PEOPLE DON'T EV5 KN[ :O !Y >E4 

,9 DELEGATE DEMOCRACY1 DELEGATES >E ELECT$ = SPECIFIC PURPOSES ) V]Y SPECIFIC LIMITATIONS4 ,!Y MAY BE /RICTLY M&AT$ 7ORD]$ TO VOTE 9 A C]TA9 WAY ON A C]TA9 ISSUE7 OR ! M&ATE MAY BE LEFT OP5 7DELEGATES BE+ FREE TO VOTE AS !Y ?9K BE/7 ) ! PEOPLE :O HAVE ELECT$ !M RES]V+ ! RI<T TO CONFIRM OR REJECT ANY DECISION ?US TAK54 ,DELEGATES >E G5]ALLY ELECT$ = V]Y %ORT P]IODS & >E SUBJECT TO RECALL AT ANY TIME4 

,9 ! CONTEXT ( RADICAL /RUGGLES1 DELEGATE ASSEMBLIES HAVE USUALLY BE5 T]M$ 0C\NCILS40 ,! C\NCIL =M WAS 9V5T$ BY /RIK+ WORK]S DUR+ ! #aie ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION 7SOVIET IS ! ,RUSSIAN WORD = C\NCIL74 ,:5 SOVIETS REAPPE>$ 9 #a#i#a#g1 !Y W]E SUCCESSIVELY SUPPORT$1 MANIPULAT$1 DOM9AT$ & COOPT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 :O SOON SUCCE$$ 9 TRANS=M+ !M 9TO P>ODIES ( !MSELVES3 RUBB] /AMPS ( ! 0,SOVIET ,/ATE0 7! LA/ SURVIV+ 9DEP5D5T SOVIET1 ?AT ( ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS1 WAS CRU%$ 9 #a#i#b#a74 ,C\NCILS HAVE NEV]!LESS CONT9U$ TO REAPPE> SPONTANE\SLY AT ! MO/ RADICAL MOM5TS 9 SUBSEQU5T HI/ORY1 9 ,G]MANY1 ,ITALY1 ,SPA91 ,HUNG>Y & ELSE:]E1 BECAUSE !Y REPRES5T ! OBVI\S SOLUTION TO ! NE$ = A PRACTICAL =M ( NONHI]>*ICAL POPUL> SELF-ORGANIZATION4 ,& !Y CONT9UE TO BE OPPOS$ BY ALL HI]>*ICAL ORGANIZATIONS1 BECAUSE !Y ?REAT5 ! RULE ( SPECIALIZ$ ELITES BY PO9T+ TO ! POSSIBILITY ( A SOCIETY ( G5]ALIZ$ SELF-MANAGEM5T3 NOT SELF-MANAGEM5T ( A FEW DETAILS ( ! PRES5T SETUP1 BUT SELF-MANAGEM5T EXT5D$ TO ALL REGIONS ( ! GLOBE & ALL ASPECTS ( LIFE4 

,BUT AS NOT$ ABOVE1 ! QUE/ION ( DEMOCRATIC =MS CANNOT BE SEP>AT$ FROM !IR ECONOMIC CONTEXT4 

,IRRATIONALITIES ( CAPITALISM 

,ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION CAN BE LOOK$ AT FROM ! ANGLE ( WORK3 

,TOTALLY VOLUNT>Y 

,COOP]ATIVE 7COLLECTIVE SELF-MANAGEM5T7 

,=C$ & EXPLOITIVE 

OV]T 7SLAVE LABOR7 

DISGUIS$ 7WAGE LABOR7 

,& FROM ! ANGLE ( DI/RIBUTION3 

,TRUE COMMUNISM 7TOTALLY FREE ACCESSIBILITY7 

,TRUE SOCIALISM 7COLLECTIVE [N]%IP & REGULATION7 

,CAPITALISM 7PRIVATE &_/OR /ATE [N]%IP7 

,?\< IT'S POSSIBLE = GOODS OR S]VICES PRODUC$ BY WAGE LABOR TO BE GIV5 AWAY1 OR = ?OSE PRODUC$ BY VOLUNTE] OR COOP]ATIVE LABOR TO BE TURN$ 9TO COMMODITIES = SALE1 = ! MO/ P>T !SE LEVELS ( WORK & DI/RIBUTION T5D TO CORRESPOND ) EA* O!R4 ,! PRES5T SOCIETY IS PR$OM9ATELY 7#c73 ! =C$ PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION ( COMMODITIES4 ,A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY W\LD ELIM9ATE 7#c7 & AS F> AS POSSIBLE R$UCE 7#b7 9 FAVOR ( 7#a74 

,CAPITALISM IS BAS$ ON COMMODITY PRODUCTION 7PRODUCTION ( GOODS = PR(IT7 & WAGE LABOR 7LABOR P[] ITSELF B\<T & SOLD AS A COMMODITY74 ,AS ,M>X PO9T$ \T1 !RE IS LESS DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! SLAVE & ! 0FREE0 WORK] ?AN APPE>S4 ,SLAVES1 ?\< !Y SEEM TO BE PAID NO?+1 >E PROVID$ ) ! MEANS ( !IR SURVIVAL & REPRODUCTION1 = :I* WORK]S 7:O BECOME TEMPOR>Y SLAVES DUR+ !IR H\RS ( LABOR7 >E COMPELL$ TO PAY MO/ ( !IR WAGES4 ,! FACT ?AT SOME JOBS >E LESS UNPLEASANT ?AN O!RS1 & ?AT 9DIVIDUAL WORK]S HAVE ! NOM9AL RI<T TO SWIT* JOBS1 />T !IR [N BUS9ESS1 BUY /OCKS OR W9 A LOTT]Y1 DISGUISES ! FACT ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( PEOPLE >E COLLECTIVELY 5SLAV$4 

,H[ DID WE GET 9 ?IS ABSURD POSITION8 ,IF WE GO BACK F> 5\<1 WE F9D ?AT AT SOME PO9T PEOPLE W]E =CIBLY DISPOSSESS$3 DRIV5 (F ! L& & O!RWISE DEPRIV$ ( ! MEANS = PRODUC+ ! GOODS NECESS>Y = LIFE4 7,! FAM\S *APT]S ON 0PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION0 9 ,CAPITAL VIVIDLY DESCRIBE ?IS PROCESS 9 ,5GL&47 ,AS LONG AS PEOPLE ACCEPT ?IS DISPOSSESSION AS LEGITIMATE1 !Y >E =C$ 9TO UNEQUAL B>GA9S ) ! 0[N]S0 7?OSE :O HAVE ROBB$ !M1 OR :O HAVE SUBSEQU5TLY OBTA9$ TITLES ( 0[N]%IP0 FROM ! ORIG9AL ROBB]S7 9 :I* !Y EX*ANGE !IR LABOR = A FRACTION ( :AT IT ACTUALLY PRODUCES1 ! SURPLUS BE+ RETA9$ BY ! [N]S4 ,?IS SURPLUS 7CAPITAL7 CAN !N BE RE9VE/$ 9 ORD] TO G5]ATE CONT9UALLY GREAT] SURPLUSES 9 ! SAME WAY4 

,AS = DI/RIBUTION1 A PUBLIC WAT] F\NTA9 IS A SIMPLE EXAMPLE ( TRUE COMMUNISM 7UNLIMIT$ ACCESSIBILITY74 ,A PUBLIC LIBR>Y IS AN EXAMPLE ( TRUE SOCIALISM 7FREE BUT REGULAT$ ACCESSIBILITY74 

,9 A RATIONAL SOCIETY1 ACCESSIBILITY W\LD DEP5D ON ABUNDANCE4 ,DUR+ A DR\<T1 WAT] MI<T HAVE TO BE RATION$4 ,CONV]SELY1 ONCE LIBR>IES >E PUT 5TIRELY ONL9E !Y C\LD BECOME TOTALLY COMMUNI/IC3 ANYONE C\LD HAVE FREE 9/ANT ACCESS TO ANY NUMB] ( TEXTS ) NO MORE NE$ TO BO!R ) *ECK+ \T & RETURN+1 SECURITY AGA9/ !FT1 ETC4 

,BUT ?IS RATIONAL RELATION IS IMP$$ BY ! P]SI/5CE ( SEP>ATE ECONOMIC 9T]E/S4 ,TO TAKE ! LATT] EXAMPLE1 IT WILL SOON BE TE*NICALLY POSSIBLE TO CREATE A GLOBAL 0LIBR>Y0 9 :I* EV]Y BOOK EV] WRITT51 EV]Y FILM EV] MADE & EV]Y MUSICAL P]=MANCE EV] RECORD$ C\LD BE PUT ONL9E1 POT5TIALLY 5ABL+ ANYONE TO FREELY TAP 9 & OBTA9 A COPY 7NO MORE NE$ = /ORES1 SALES1 ADV]TIS+1 PACKAG+1 %IPP+1 ETC474 ,BUT S9CE ?IS W\LD ALSO ELIM9ATE ! PR(ITS FROM PRES5T-DAY PUBLI%+1 RECORD+ & FILM BUS9ESSES1 F> MORE 5]GY IS SP5T CONCOCT+ COMPLICAT$ ME?ODS TO PREV5T OR *>GE = COPY+ 7:ILE O!RS DEVOTE CORRESPOND+ 5]GY DEVIS+ WAYS TO GET >\ND SU* ME?ODS7 ?AN ON DEVELOP+ A TE*NOLOGY ?AT C\LD POT5TIALLY B5EFIT EV]YONE4 

,ONE ( ,M>X'S M]ITS WAS TO HAVE CUT ?R\< ! HOLL[NESS ( POLITICAL DISC\RSES BAS$ ON AB/RACT PHILOSOPHICAL OR E?ICAL PR9CIPLES 70HUMAN NATURE0 IS SU* & SU*1 ALL PEOPLE HAVE A 0NATURAL RI<T0 TO ?IS OR ?AT7 BY %[+ H[ SOCIAL POSSIBILITIES & SOCIAL AW>5ESS >E TO A GREAT DEGREE LIMIT$ & %AP$ BY MAT]IAL CONDITIONS4 ,FRE$OM 9 ! AB/RACT MEANS LITTLE IF ALMO/ EV]YBODY HAS TO WORK ALL ! TIME SIMPLY TO ASSURE !IR SURVIVAL4 ,IT'S UNREALI/IC TO EXPECT PEOPLE TO BE G5]\S & COOP]ATIVE :5 !RE IS B>ELY 5\< TO GO >\ND 7LEAV+ ASIDE ! DRA/ICALLY DIFF]5T CONDITIONS UND] :I* 0PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM0 FL\RI%$74 ,BUT A SUFFICI5TLY L>GE SURPLUS OP5S UP WID] POSSIBILITIES4 ,! HOPE ( ,M>X & O!R REVOLUTION>IES ( HIS TIME WAS BAS$ ON ! FACT ?AT ! TE*NOLOGICAL POT5TIALS DEVELOP$ BY ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION HAD F9ALLY PROVID$ AN ADEQUATE MAT]IAL BASIS = A CLASSLESS SOCIETY4 ,IT WAS NO LONG] A MATT] ( DECL>+ ?AT ?+S 0%\LD0 BE DIFF]5T1 BUT ( PO9T+ \T ?AT !Y C\LD BE DIFF]5T2 ?AT CLASS DOM9ATION WAS NOT ONLY UNJU/1 IT WAS N[ UNNECESS>Y4 

,WAS IT EV] REALLY NECESS>Y8 ,WAS ,M>X RI<T 9 SEE+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE AS 9EVITABLE /AGES1 OR MI<T A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE )\T ?IS PA9FUL DET\R8 ,=TUNATELY1 WE NO LONG] HAVE TO WORRY AB\T ?IS QUE/ION4 ,:ATEV] POSSIBILITIES !RE MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE BE5 9 ! PA/1 PRES5T MAT]IAL CONDITIONS >E MORE ?AN SUFFICI5T TO SU/A9 A GLOBAL CLASSLESS SOCIETY4 

,! MO/ S]I\S DRAWBACK ( CAPITALISM IS NOT ITS QUANTITATIVE UNFAIRNESS -- ! M]E FACT ?AT WEAL? IS UNEQUALLY DI/RIBUT$1 ?AT WORK]S >E NOT PAID ! FULL 0VALUE0 ( !IR LABOR4 ,! PROBLEM IS ?AT ?IS M>G9 ( EXPLOITATION 7EV5 IF RELATIVELY SMALL7 MAKES POSSIBLE ! PRIVATE ACCUMULATION ( CAPITAL1 :I* EV5TUALLY REORI5TS EV]Y?+ TO ITS [N 5DS1 DOM9AT+ & W>P+ ALL ASPECTS ( LIFE4 

,! MORE ALI5ATION ! SY/EM PRODUCES1 ! MORE SOCIAL 5]GY MU/ BE DIV]T$ JU/ TO KEEP IT GO+ -- MORE ADV]TIS+ TO SELL SUP]FLU\S COMMODITIES1 MORE IDEOLOGIES TO KEEP PEOPLE BAMBOOZL$1 MORE SPECTACLES TO KEEP !M PACIFI$1 MORE POLICE & MORE PRISONS TO REPRESS CRIME & REBELLION1 MORE >MS TO COMPETE ) RIVAL /ATES -- ALL ( :I* PRODUCES MORE FRU/RATIONS & ANTAGONISMS1 :I* MU/ BE REPRESS$ BY MORE SPECTACLES1 MORE PRISONS1 ETC4 ,AS ?IS VICI\S CIRCLE CONT9UES1 REAL HUMAN NE$S >E FULFILL$ ONLY 9CID5TALLY1 IF AT ALL1 :ILE VIRTUALLY ALL LABOR IS *ANNEL$ 9TO ABSURD1 R$UNDANT OR DE/RUCTIVE PROJECTS ?AT S]VE NO PURPOSE EXCEPT TO MA9TA9 ! SY/EM4 

,IF ?IS SY/EM W]E ABOLI%$ & MOD]N TE*NOLOGICAL POT5TIALS W]E APPROPRIATELY TRANS=M$ & R$IRECT$1 ! LABOR NECESS>Y TO MEET REAL HUMAN NE$S W\LD BE R$UC$ TO SU* A TRIVIAL LEVEL ?AT IT C\LD EASILY BE TAK5 C>E ( VOLUNT>ILY & COOP]ATIVELY1 )\T REQUIR+ ECONOMIC 9C5TIVES OR /ATE 5=CEM5T4 

,IT'S NOT TOO H>D TO GRASP ! IDEA ( SUP]S$+ OV]T HI]>*ICAL P[]4 ,SELF-MANAGEM5T CAN BE SE5 AS ! FULFILLM5T ( ! FRE$OM & DEMOCRACY ?AT >E ! (FICIAL VALUES ( ,WE/]N SOCIETIES4 ,DESPITE PEOPLE'S SUBMISSIVE CONDITION+1 EV]YONE HAS HAD MOM5TS :5 !Y REJECT$ DOM9ATION & BEGAN SPEAK+ OR ACT+ = !MSELVES4 

,IT'S MU* H>D] TO GRASP ! IDEA ( SUP]S$+ ! ECONOMIC SY/EM4 ,! DOM9ATION ( CAPITAL IS MORE SUBTLE & SELF-REGULAT+4 ,QUE/IONS ( WORK1 PRODUCTION1 GOODS1 S]VICES1 EX*ANGE & COORD9ATION 9 ! MOD]N WORLD SEEM SO COMPLICAT$ ?AT MO/ PEOPLE TAKE = GRANT$ ! NECESSITY ( MONEY AS A UNIV]SAL M$IATION1 F9D+ IT DIFFICULT TO IMAG9E ANY *ANGE BEYOND APPORTION+ MONEY 9 SOME MORE EQUITABLE WAY4 

,= ?IS REASON ,I WILL PO/PONE MORE EXT5SIVE DISCUSSION ( ! ECONOMIC ASPECTS TILL LAT] 9 ?IS TEXT1 :5 IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO GO 9TO MORE DETAIL4 

,SOME EXEMPL>Y MOD]N REVOLTS 

,IS SU* A REVOLUTION LIKELY8 ,! ODDS >E PROBABLY AGA9/ IT4 ,! MA9 PROBLEM IS ?AT !RE IS NOT MU* TIME4 ,9 PREVI\S ]AS IT WAS POSSIBLE TO IMAG9E ?AT1 DESPITE ALL HUMANITY'S FOLLIES & DISA/]S1 WE W\LD SOMEH[ MUDDLE ?R\< & P]HAPS EV5TUALLY LE>N FROM PA/ MI/AKES4 ,BUT N[ ?AT SOCIAL POLICIES & TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5TS HAVE IRREVOCABLE GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL RAMIFICATIONS1 BLUND]+ TRIAL & ]ROR IS NOT 5\<4 ,WE HAVE ONLY A FEW DECADES TO TURN ?+S >\ND4 ,& AS TIME PASSES1 ! TASK BECOMES MORE DIFFICULT3 ! FACT ?AT BASIC SOCIAL PROBLEMS >E SC>CELY EV5 FAC$1 MU* LESS RESOLV$1 5C\RAGES 9CREAS+LY DESP]ATE & DELIRI\S T5D5CIES T[>D W>1 FASCISM1 E?NIC ANTAGONISM1 RELIGI\S FANATICISM & O!R =MS ( MASS IRRATIONALITY1 DEFLECT+ ?OSE :O MI<T POT5TIALLY WORK T[>D A NEW SOCIETY 9TO M]ELY DEF5SIVE & ULTIMATELY FUTILE HOLD+ ACTIONS4 

,BUT MO/ REVOLUTIONS HAVE BE5 PREC$$ BY P]IODS :5 EV]YONE SC(F$ AT ! IDEA ?AT ?+S C\LD EV] *ANGE4 ,DESPITE ! MANY DISC\RAG+ TR5DS 9 ! WORLD1 !RE >E ALSO SOME 5C\RAG+ SIGNS1 NOT LEA/ ( :I* IS ! WIDESPREAD DISILLUSIONM5T ) PREVI\S FALSE ALT]NATIVES4 ,MANY POPUL> REVOLTS 9 ?IS C5TURY HAVE ALREADY MOV$ SPONTANE\SLY 9 ! RI<T DIRECTION4 ,I AM NOT REF]R+ TO ! 0SUCCESSFUL0 REVOLUTIONS1 :I* >E )\T EXCEPTION FRAUDS1 BUT TO LESS KN[N1 MORE RADICAL EF=TS4 ,SOME ( ! MO/ NOTABLE EXAMPLES >E ,RUSSIA #a#i#e1 ,G]MANY #a#i#a#h-#a#i1 ,ITALY #a#i#b1 ,A/URIAS #a#i#c#d1 ,SPA9 #a#i#c#f-#c#g1 ,HUNG>Y #a#i#e#f1 ,FRANCE #a#i#f#h1 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA #a#i#f#h1 ,PORTUGAL #a#i#g#d-#g#e & ,POL& #a#i#h-#h#a2 MANY O!R MOVEM5TS1 FROM ! ,MEXICAN REVOLUTION ( #aia TO ! REC5T ANTI-AP>!ID /RUGGLE 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA1 HAVE ALSO CONTA9$ EXEMPL>Y MOM5TS ( POPUL> EXP]IM5TATION BE=E !Y W]E BR\<T UND] BUREAUCRATIC CONTROL4 

,NO ONE IS 9 ANY POSITION TO DISMISS ! PROSPECT ( REVOLUTION :O HAS NOT C>EFULLY EXAM9$ !SE MOVEM5TS4 ,TO IGNORE !M BECAUSE ( !IR 0FAILURE0 IS MISS+ ! PO9T4.<#c.> ,MOD]N REVOLUTION IS ALL OR NO?+3 9DIVIDUAL REVOLTS >E B\ND TO FAIL UNTIL AN 9T]NATIONAL *A9 REACTION IS TRIGG]$ ?AT SPREADS FA/] ?AN REPRESSION CAN CLOSE 94 ,IT'S H>DLY SURPRIS+ ?AT !SE REVOLTS DID NOT GO F>!R2 :AT IS 9SPIR+ IS ?AT !Y W5T AS F> AS !Y DID4 ,A NEW REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T WILL UND\BT$LY TAKE NEW & UNPR$ICTABLE =MS2 BUT !SE E>LI] EF=TS REMA9 FULL ( EXAMPLES ( :AT CAN BE DONE1 AS WELL AS ( :AT MU/ BE AVOID$4 

,SOME COMMON OBJECTIONS 

,IT'S (T5 SAID ?AT A /ATELESS SOCIETY MI<T WORK IF EV]YONE W]E ANGELS1 BUT DUE TO ! P]V]SITY ( HUMAN NATURE SOME HI]>*Y IS NECESS>Y TO KEEP PEOPLE 9 L9E4 ,IT W\LD BE TRU] TO SAY ?AT IF EV]YONE W]E ANGELS ! PRES5T SY/EM MI<T WORK TOL]ABLY WELL 7BUREAUCRATS W\LD FUNCTION HONE/LY1 CAPITALI/S W\LD REFRA9 FROM SOCIALLY H>MFUL V5TURES EV5 IF !Y W]E PR(ITABLE74 ,IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE PEOPLE >E NOT ANGELS ?AT IT'S NECESS>Y TO ELIM9ATE ! SETUP ?AT 5ABLES SOME ( !M TO BECOME V]Y EFFICI5T DEVILS4 ,LOCK A HUNDR$ PEOPLE 9 A SMALL ROOM ) ONLY ONE AIR HOLE & !Y WILL CLAW EA* O!R TO DEA? TO GET TO IT4 ,LET !M \T & !Y MAY MANIFE/ A RA!R DIFF]5T NATURE4 ,AS ONE ( ! ,MAY #aifh GRAFFITI PUT IT1 0,MAN IS NEI!R ,R\SSEAU'S NOBLE SAVAGE NOR ! ,*UR*'S DEPRAV$ S9N]4 ,HE IS VIOL5T :5 OPPRESS$1 G5TLE :5 FREE40 

,O!RS CONT5D ?AT1 :ATEV] ! ULTIMATE CAUSES MAY BE1 PEOPLE >E N[ SO SCREW$ UP ?AT !Y NE$ TO BE PSY*OLOGICALLY OR SPIRITUALLY HEAL$ BE=E !Y CAN EV5 CONCEIVE ( CREAT+ A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY4 ,9 HIS LAT] YE>S ,WILHELM ,REI* CAME TO FEEL ?AT AN 0EMOTIONAL PLAGUE0 WAS SO FIRMLY EMB$D$ 9 ! POPULATION ?AT IT W\LD TAKE G5]ATIONS ( HEAL?ILY RAIS$ *ILDR5 BE=E PEOPLE W\LD BECOME CAPABLE ( A LIB]T>IAN SOCIAL TRANS=MATION2 & ?AT MEAN:ILE ONE %\LD AVOID CONFRONT+ ! SY/EM HEAD-ON S9CE ?IS W\LD /IR UP A HORNET'S NE/ ( IGNORANT POPUL> REACTION4 

,IRRATIONAL POPUL> T5D5CIES DO SOMETIMES CALL = DISCRETION4 ,BUT P[]FUL ?\< !Y MAY BE1 !Y >E NOT IRRESI/IBLE =CES4 ,!Y CONTA9 !IR [N CONTRADICTIONS4 ,CL++ TO SOME ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY IS NOT NECESS>ILY A SIGN ( FAI? 9 AU?ORITY2 IT MAY BE A DESP]ATE ATTEMPT TO OV]COME ONE'S 9CREAS+ D\BTS 7! CONVULSIVE TI<T5+ ( A SLIPP+ GRIP74 ,PEOPLE :O JO9 GANGS OR REACTION>Y GR\PS1 OR :O GET CAU<T UP 9 RELIGI\S CULTS OR PATRIOTIC HY/]IA1 >E ALSO SEEK+ A S5SE ( LIB]ATION1 CONNECTION1 PURPOSE1 P>TICIPATION1 EMP[]M5T4 ,AS ,REI* HIMSELF %[$1 FASCISM GIVES A P>TICUL>LY VIGOR\S & DRAMATIC EXPRESSION TO !SE BASIC ASPIRATIONS1 :I* IS :Y IT (T5 HAS A DEEP] APPEAL ?AN ! VACILLATIONS1 COMPROMISES & HYPOCRISIES ( LIB]ALISM & LEFTISM4 

,9 ! LONG RUN ! ONLY WAY TO DEFEAT REACTION IS TO PRES5T MORE =?RI<T EXPRESSIONS ( !SE ASPIRATIONS1 & MORE AU!NTIC OPPORTUNITIES TO FULFILL !M4 ,:5 BASIC ISSUES >E =C$ 9TO ! OP51 IRRATIONALITIES ?AT FL\RI%$ UND] ! COV] ( PSY*OLOGICAL REPRESSION T5D TO BE WEAK5$1 LIKE DISEASE G]MS EXPOS$ TO SUNLI<T & FRE% AIR4 ,9 ANY CASE1 EV5 IF WE DON'T PREVAIL1 !RE IS AT LEA/ SOME SATISFACTION 9 FI<T+ = :AT WE REALLY BELIEVE1 RA!R ?AN BE+ DEFEAT$ 9 A PO/URE ( HESITANCY & HYPOCRISY4 

,!RE >E LIMITS ON H[ F> ONE CAN LIB]ATE ONESELF 7OR RAISE LIB]AT$ *ILDR57 )9 A SICK SOCIETY4 ,BUT IF ,REI* WAS RI<T TO NOTE ?AT PSY*OLOGICALLY REPRESS$ PEOPLE >E LESS CAPABLE ( 5VISION+ SOCIAL LIB]ATION1 HE FAIL$ TO REALIZE H[ MU* ! PROCESS ( SOCIAL REVOLT CAN BE PSY*OLOGICALLY LIB]AT+4 7,FR5* PSY*IATRI/S >E SAID TO HAVE COMPLA9$ AB\T A SIGNIFICANT DROP 9 ! NUMB] ( !IR CU/OM]S 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ,MAY #a#i#f#h67 

,! NOTION ( TOTAL DEMOCRACY RAISES ! SPECT] ( A 0TYRANNY ( ! MAJORITY40 ,MAJORITIES CAN BE IGNORANT & BIGOT$1 !RE'S NO GETT+ >\ND IT4 ,! ONLY REAL SOLUTION IS TO CONFRONT & ATTEMPT TO OV]COME ?AT IGNORANCE & BIGOTRY4 ,KEEP+ ! MASSES 9 ! D>K 7RELY+ ON LIB]AL JUDGES TO PROTECT CIVIL LIB]TIES OR LIB]AL LEGISLATORS TO SNEAK ?R\< PROGRESSIVE RE=MS7 ONLY LEADS TO POPUL> BACKLA%ES :5 S5SITIVE ISSUES EV5TUALLY DO COME TO ! SURFACE4 

,EXAM9$ MORE CLOSELY1 H[EV]1 MO/ 9/ANCES ( MAJORITY OPPRESSION ( M9ORITIES TURN \T TO BE DUE NOT TO MAJORITY RULE1 BUT TO DISGUIS$ M9ORITY RULE 9 :I* ! RUL+ ELITE PLAYS ON :ATEV] RACIAL OR CULTURAL ANTAGONISMS !RE MAY BE 9 ORD] TO TURN ! EXPLOIT$ MASSES' FRU/RATIONS AGA9/ EA* O!R4 ,:5 PEOPLE GET REAL P[] OV] !IR [N LIVES !Y WILL HAVE MORE 9T]E/+ ?+S TO DO ?AN TO P]SECUTE M9ORITIES4 

,SO MANY POT5TIAL ABUSES OR DISA/]S >E EVOK$ AT ANY SUGGE/ION ( A NONHI]>*ICAL SOCIETY ?AT IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO ANSW] !M ALL4 ,PEOPLE :O RESIGN$LY ACCEPT A SY/EM ?AT CONDEMNS MILLIONS ( !IR FELL[ HUMAN BE+S TO DEA? EV]Y YE> 9 W>S & FAM9ES1 & MILLIONS ( O!RS TO PRISON & TORTURE1 SUDD5LY LET !IR IMAG9ATION & !IR 9DIGNATION RUN WILD AT ! ?\<T ?AT 9 A SELF-MANAG$ SOCIETY !RE MI<T BE SOME ABUSES1 SOME VIOL5CE OR CO]CION OR 9JU/ICE1 OR EV5 M]ELY SOME TEMPOR>Y 9CONV5I5CE4 ,!Y =GET ?AT IT IS NOT UP TO A NEW SOCIAL SY/EM TO SOLVE ALL \R PROBLEMS2 IT M]ELY HAS TO DEAL ) !M BETT] ?AN ! PRES5T SY/EM DOES -- NOT A V]Y BIG ORD]4 

,IF HI/ORY FOLL[$ ! COMPLAC5T OP9IONS ( (FICIAL COMM5TATORS1 !RE W\LD NEV] HAVE BE5 ANY REVOLUTIONS4 ,9 ANY GIV5 SITUATION !RE >E ALWAYS PL5TY ( IDEOLOGI/S READY TO DECL>E ?AT NO RADICAL *ANGE IS POSSIBLE4 ,IF ! ECONOMY IS FUNCTION+ WELL1 !Y WILL CLAIM ?AT REVOLUTION DEP5DS ON ECONOMIC CRISES2 IF !RE IS AN ECONOMIC CRISIS1 O!RS WILL JU/ AS CONFID5TLY DECL>E ?AT REVOLUTION IS IMPOSSIBLE BECAUSE PEOPLE >E TOO BUSY WORRY+ AB\T MAK+ 5DS MEET4 ,! =M] TYPES1 SURPRIS$ BY ! ,MAY #aifh REVOLT1 TRI$ TO RETROSPECTIVELY UNCOV] ! 9VISIBLE CRISIS ?AT !IR IDEOLOGY 9SI/S MU/ HAVE BE5 !RE4 ,! LATT] CONT5D ?AT ! SITUATIONI/ P]SPECTIVE HAS BE5 REFUT$ BY ! WORS5$ ECONOMIC CONDITIONS S9CE ?AT TIME4 

,ACTUALLY1 ! SITUATIONI/S SIMPLY NOT$ ?AT ! WIDESPREAD A*IEVEM5T ( CAPITALI/ ABUNDANCE HAD DEMON/RAT$ ?AT GU>ANTE$ SURVIVAL WAS NO SUB/ITUTE = REAL LIFE4 ,! P]IODIC UPS & D[NS ( ! ECONOMY HAVE NO BE>+ ON ?AT CONCLUSION4 ,! FACT ?AT A FEW PEOPLE AT ! TOP HAVE REC5TLY MANAG$ TO SIPHON (F A YET L>G] PORTION ( ! SOCIAL WEAL?1 DRIV+ 9CREAS+ NUMB]S ( PEOPLE 9TO ! /REETS & T]RORIZ+ ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION LE/ !Y SUCCUMB TO ! SAME FATE1 MAKES ! FEASIBILITY ( A PO/SC>CITY SOCIETY LESS EVID5T2 BUT ! MAT]IAL PR]EQUISITES >E /ILL PRES5T4 

,! ECONOMIC CRISES HELD UP AS EVID5CE ?AT WE NE$ TO 0L[] \R EXPECTATIONS0 >E ACTUALLY CAUS$ BY OV]-PRODUCTION & LACK ( WORK4 ,! ULTIMATE ABSURDITY ( ! PRES5T SY/EM IS ?AT UNEMPLOYM5T IS SE5 AS A PROBLEM1 ) POT5TIALLY LABOR-SAV+ TE*NOLOGIES BE+ DIRECT$ T[>D CREAT+ NEW JOBS TO REPLACE ! OLD ONES !Y R5D] UNNECESS>Y4 ,! PROBLEM IS NOT ?AT SO MANY PEOPLE DON'T HAVE JOBS1 BUT ?AT SO MANY PEOPLE /ILL DO4 ,WE NE$ TO RAISE \R EXPECTATIONS1 NOT L[] !M4.<#d.> 

,9CREAS+ DOM9ANCE ( ! SPECTACLE 

,F> MORE S]I\S ?AN ?IS SPECTACLE ( \R SUPPOS$ P[]LESSNESS 9 ! FACE ( ! ECONOMY IS ! GREATLY 9CREAS$ P[] ( ! SPECTACLE ITSELF1 :I* 9 REC5T YE>S HAS DEVELOP$ TO ! PO9T ( REPRESS+ VIRTUALLY ANY AW>5ESS ( PRE-SPECTACLE HI/ORY OR ANTI-SPECTACLE POSSIBILITIES4 ,DEBORD'S ,COMM5TS ON ! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE 7#a#i#h#h7 GOES 9TO ?IS NEW DEVELOPM5T 9 DETAIL3 

,9 ALL ?AT HAS HAPP5$ OV] ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT *ANGE LIES 9 ! V]Y CONT9UITY ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,:AT IS SIGNIFICANT IS NOT ! REF9EM5TS ( ! SPECTACLE'S M$IA 9/RUM5TATION1 :I* HAD ALREADY ATTA9$ A HI<LY ADVANC$ /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T2 IT IS QUITE SIMPLY ?AT SPECTACUL> DOM9ATION HAS SUCCE$$ 9 RAIS+ AN 5TIRE G5]ATION MOLD$ TO ITS LAWS444 ,SPECTACUL> DOM9ATION'S FIR/ PRIORITY WAS TO ]ADICATE HI/ORICAL KN[L$GE 9 G5]AL1 BEG9N+ ) VIRTUALLY ALL 9=MATION & RATIONAL COMM5T>Y ON ! MO/ REC5T PA/444 ,! SPECTACLE MAKES SURE ?AT PEOPLE >E UNAW>E ( :AT IS HAPP5+1 OR AT LEA/ ?AT !Y QUICKLY =GET :ATEV] !Y MAY HAVE BECOME AW>E (4 ,! MORE IMPORTANT SOME?+ IS1 ! MORE IT IS HIDD54 ,NO?+ 9 ! LA/ TW5TY YE>S HAS BE5 SO ?OR\<LY %R\D$ ) (FICIAL LIES AS ,MAY #a#i#f#h444 ,! FL[ ( IMAGES C>RIES EV]Y?+ BE=E IT1 & IT IS ALWAYS SOMEONE ELSE :O CONTROLS ?IS SIMPLIFI$ DIGE/ ( ! P]CEPTIBLE WORLD1 :O DECIDES :]E ! FL[ WILL LEAD1 :O PROGRAMS ! RHY?M ( :AT IS %[N 9TO AN 5DLESS S]IES ( >BITR>Y SURPRISES ?AT LEAVES NO TIME = REFLECTION 444 ISOLAT+ :ATEV] IS PRES5T$ FROM ITS CONTEXT1 ITS PA/1 ITS 9T5TIONS & ITS CONSEQU5CES444 ,IT IS ?US H>DLY SURPRIS+ ?AT *ILDR5 >E N[ />T+ !IR $UCATION ) AN 5?USIA/IC 9TRODUCTION TO ! ,ABSOLUTE ,KN[L$GE ( COMPUT] LANGUAGE :ILE BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY 9CAPABLE ( READ+4 ,BECAUSE READ+ REQUIRES MAK+ JUDGM5TS AT EV]Y L9E2 & S9CE CONV]SATION IS ALMO/ DEAD 7AS WILL SOON BE MO/ ( ?OSE :O KNEW H[ TO CONV]SE7 READ+ IS ! ONLY REMA9+ GATEWAY TO ! VA/ REALMS ( PRE-SPECTACLE HUMAN EXP]I5CE4 

,9 ! PRES5T TEXT ,I HAVE TRI$ TO RECAPITULATE SOME BASIC PO9TS ?AT HAVE BE5 BURI$ UND] ?IS 9T5SIVE SPECTACUL> REPRESSION4 ,IF !SE MATT]S SEEM BANAL TO SOME OR OBSCURE TO O!RS1 !Y MAY AT LEA/ S]VE TO RECALL :AT ONCE WAS POSSIBLE1 9 ?OSE PRIMITIVE TIMES A FEW DECADES AGO :5 PEOPLE HAD ! QUA9T1 OLD-FA%ION$ NOTION ?AT !Y C\LD UND]/& & AFFECT !IR [N HI/ORY4 

,:ILE !RE IS NO QUE/ION ?AT ?+S HAVE *ANG$ CONSID]ABLY S9CE ! SIXTIES 7MO/LY = ! WORSE71 \R SITUATION MAY NOT BE QUITE AS HOPELESS AS IT SEEMS TO ?OSE :O SWALL[ :ATEV] ! SPECTACLE FE$S !M4 ,SOMETIMES IT ONLY TAKES A LITTLE JOLT TO BREAK ?R\< ! /UPOR4 

,EV5 IF WE HAVE NO GU>ANTEE ( ULTIMATE VICTORY1 SU* BREAK?R\<S >E ALREADY A PLEASURE4 ,IS !RE ANY GREAT] GAME >\ND8 

,*APT] #b3 ,=EPLAY 

0,AN 9DIVIDUAL CANNOT KN[ :AT HE REALLY IS UNTIL HE HAS REALIZ$ HIMSELF ?R\< ACTION444 ,! 9T]E/ ! 9DIVIDUAL F9DS 9 SOME?+ IS ALREADY ! ANSW] TO ! QUE/ION ( :E!R HE %\LD ACT & :AT %\LD BE DONE40 

-- ,HEGEL1 ,! ,PH5OM5OLOGY ( ,SPIRIT 

,P]SONAL BREAK?R\<S 

,LAT] ON ,I WILL TRY TO ANSW] SOME MORE ( ! P]5NIAL OBJECTIONS4 ,BUT AS LONG AS ! OBJECTORS REMA9 PASSIVE1 ALL ! >GUM5TS 9 ! WORLD WILL NEV] FAZE !M1 & !Y WILL CONT9UE TO S+ ! OLD REFRA93 0,IT'S A NICE IDEA1 BUT IT'S NOT REALI/IC1 IT GOES AGA9/ HUMAN NATURE1 IT'S ALWAYS BE5 ?IS WAY4440 ,?OSE :O DON'T REALIZE !IR [N POT5TIAL >E UNLIKELY TO RECOGNIZE ! POT5TIAL ( O!RS4 

,TO P>APHRASE ?AT V]Y S5SIBLE OLD PRAY]1 WE NE$ ! 9ITIATIVE TO SOLVE ! PROBLEMS WE CAN1 ! PATI5CE TO 5DURE ! ONES WE CAN'T1 & ! WISDOM TO KN[ ! DIFF]5CE4 ,BUT WE ALSO NE$ TO BE> 9 M9D ?AT SOME PROBLEMS ?AT CAN'T BE SOLV$ BY ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS CAN BE SOLV$ COLLECTIVELY4 ,DISCOV]+ ?AT O!RS %>E ! SAME PROBLEM IS (T5 ! BEG9N+ ( A SOLUTION4 

,SOME PROBLEMS CAN1 ( C\RSE1 BE SOLV$ 9DIVIDUALLY1 ?R\< A V>IETY ( ME?ODS RANG+ FROM ELABORATE !RAPIES OR SPIRITUAL PRACTICES TO SIMPLE COMMONS5SE DECISIONS TO CORRECT SOME MI/AKE1 BREAK SOME H>MFUL HABIT1 TRY SOME?+ NEW1 ETC4 ,BUT MY CONC]N H]E IS NOT ) PURELY P]SONAL MAKE%IFTS1 WOR?:ILE ?\< !Y MAY BE )9 !IR LIMITS1 BUT ) MOM5TS :]E PEOPLE MOVE 0\TW>D0 9 DELIB]ATELY SUBV]SIVE V5TURES4 

,!RE >E MORE POSSIBILITIES ?AN APPE> AT FIR/ SI<T4 ,ONCE Y\ REFUSE TO BE 9TIMIDAT$1 SOME ( !M >E QUITE SIMPLE4 ,Y\ CAN BEG9 ANY:]E4 ,& Y\ HAVE TO BEG9 SOME:]E -- DO Y\ ?9K Y\ CAN LE>N TO SWIM IF Y\ NEV] GO 9 ! WAT]8 

,SOMETIMES A LITTLE ACTION IS NE$$ TO CUT ?R\< EXCESSIVE V]BIAGE & REE/ABLI% A CONCRETE P]SPECTIVE4 ,IT NE$N'T BE ANY?+ MOM5T\S2 IF NO?+ ELSE COMES TO M9D1 SOME RA!R >BITR>Y V5TURE MAY SUFFICE -- JU/ 5\< TO %AKE ?+S UP A BIT & WAKE Y\RSELF UP4 

,AT O!R TIMES IT'S NECESS>Y TO /OP1 TO BREAK ! *A9 ( COMPULSIVE ACTIONS & REACTIONS4 ,TO CLE> ! AIR1 TO CREATE A LITTLE SPACE FREE FROM ! CACOPHONY ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,JU/ AB\T EV]YONE DOES ?IS TO SOME DEGREE1 \T ( 9/9CTIVE PSY*OLOGICAL SELF-DEF5SE1 :E!R BY PRACTIC+ SOME =M ( M$ITATION1 OR BY P]IODICALLY 5GAG+ 9 SOME ACTIVITY ?AT EFFECTIVELY S]VES ! SAME PURPOSE 7WORK+ 9 ONE'S G>D51 TAK+ A WALK1 GO+ FI%+71 OR SIMPLY BY PAUS+ TO TAKE A DEEP BREA? AMID !IR DAILY R\ND1 COM+ BACK = A MOM5T TO ! 0QUIET C5T]40 ,)\T SU* A SPACE IT IS DIFFICULT TO GET A SANE P]SPECTIVE ON ! WORLD1 OR EV5 SIMPLY TO KEEP ONE'S [N SANITY4 

,ONE ( ! ME?ODS ,I HAVE F\ND MO/ USEFUL IS TO PUT ?+S 9 WRIT+4 ,! ADVANTAGE IS P>TLY PSY*OLOGICAL 7SOME PROBLEMS LOSE !IR P[] OV] US BY BE+ SET \T :]E WE CAN SEE !M MORE OBJECTIVELY71 P>TLY A MATT] ( ORGANIZ+ \R ?\<TS SO AS TO SEE ! DIFF]5T FACTORS & *OICES MORE CLE>LY4 ,WE (T5 MA9TA9 9CONSI/5T NOTIONS )\T BECOM+ AW>E ( !IR CONTRADICTIONS UNTIL WE TRY PUTT+ !M D[N ON PAP]4 

,I HAVE SOMETIMES BE5 CRITICIZ$ = EXAGG]AT+ ! IMPORTANCE ( WRIT+4 ,MANY MATT]S CAN1 ( C\RSE1 BE DEALT ) MORE DIRECTLY4 ,BUT EV5 NONV]BAL ACTIONS REQUIRE ?9K+ AB\T1 TALK+ AB\T1 & USUALLY WRIT+ AB\T1 IF !Y >E TO BE EFFECTIVELY C>RI$ \T1 COMMUNICAT$1 DEBAT$1 CORRECT$4 

7,9 ANY CASE1 ,I DON'T CLAIM TO COV] EV]Y?+2 ,I AM M]ELY DISCUSS+ C]TA9 PO9TS AB\T :I* ,I FEEL ,I HAVE SOME?+ TO SAY4 ,IF Y\ ?9K ,I HAVE FAIL$ TO ADDRESS SOME IMPORTANT TOPIC1 :Y DON'T Y\ DO IT Y\RSELF87 

,CRITICAL 9T]V5TIONS 

,WRIT+ 5ABLES Y\ TO WORK \T Y\R IDEAS AT Y\R [N PACE1 )\T WORRY+ AB\T ORATORICAL SKILLS OR /AGE FRI<T4 ,Y\ CAN MAKE A PO9T ONCE & = ALL 9/EAD ( HAV+ TO CON/ANTLY REPEAT Y\RSELF4 ,IF DISCRETION IS NECESS>Y1 A TEXT CAN BE ISSU$ ANONYM\SLY4 ,PEOPLE CAN READ IT AT !IR [N PACE1 /OP & ?9K AB\T IT1 GO BACK & *ECK SPECIFIC PO9TS1 REPRODUCE IT1 ADAPT IT1 REF] O!RS TO IT4 ,TALK+ MAY G5]ATE QUICK] & MORE DETAIL$ FE$BACK1 BUT IT CAN ALSO DISP]SE Y\R 5]GY1 PREV5T Y\ FROM FOCUS+ & IMPLEM5T+ Y\R IDEAS4 ,?OSE 9 ! SAME RUT AS Y\ MAY RESI/ Y\R EF=TS TO ESCAPE BECAUSE Y\R SUCCESS W\LD *ALL5GE !IR [N PASSIVITY4 

,SOMETIMES Y\ CAN BE/ PROVOKE SU* PEOPLE BY SIMPLY LEAV+ !M BEH9D & PURSU+ Y\R [N C\RSE4 70,HEY1 WAIT = ME607 ,OR BY %IFT+ ! DIALOGUE TO A DIFF]5T LEVEL4 ,A LETT] =CES BO? WRIT] & ADDRESSEE TO WORK \T !IR IDEAS MORE CLE>LY4 ,COPIES TO O!RS CONC]N$ MAY 5LIV5 ! DISCUSSION4 ,AN OP5 LETT] DRAWS 9 EV5 MORE PEOPLE4 

,IF Y\ SUCCE$ 9 CREAT+ A *A9 REACTION 9 :I* MORE & MORE PEOPLE READ Y\R TEXT BECAUSE !Y SEE O!RS READ+ IT & HEAT$LY DISCUSS+ IT1 IT WILL NO LONG] BE POSSIBLE = ANYONE TO PRET5D TO BE UNAW>E ( ! ISSUES Y\ HAVE RAIS$4.<#e.> 

,SUPPOSE1 = EXAMPLE1 ?AT Y\ CRITICIZE A GR\P = BE+ HI]>*ICAL1 = ALL[+ A LEAD] TO HAVE P[] OV] MEMB]S 7OR FOLL[]S OR FANS74 ,A PRIVATE TALK ) ONE ( ! MEMB]S MI<T M]ELY MEET ) A S]IES ( CONTRADICTORY DEF5SIVE REACTIONS ) :I* IT IS FRUITLESS TO >GUE4 70,NO1 HE'S NOT REALLY \R LEAD]444 ,& EV5 IF HE IS1 HE'S NOT AU?ORIT>IAN444 ,& BESIDES1 :AT RI<T DO Y\ HAVE TO CRITICIZE807 ,BUT A PUBLIC CRITIQUE =CES SU* CONTRADICTIONS 9TO ! OP5 & PUTS PEOPLE 9 A CROSSFIRE4 ,:ILE ONE MEMB] D5IES ?AT ! GR\P IS HI]>*ICAL1 A SECOND MAY ADMIT ?AT IT IS & ATTEMPT TO JU/IFY ?IS BY ATTRIBUT+ SUP]IOR 9SI<T TO ! LEAD]4 ,?IS MAY CAUSE A ?IRD MEMB] TO />T ?9K+4 

,AT FIR/1 ANNOY$ ?AT Y\ HAVE DI/URB$ !IR COZY LITTLE SC5E1 ! GR\P IS LIKELY TO CLOSE RANKS >\ND ! LEAD] & D5\NCE Y\ = Y\R 0NEGATIVITY0 OR 0ELITI/ >ROGANCE40 ,BUT IF Y\R 9T]V5TION HAS BE5 ACUTE 5\<1 IT MAY CONT9UE TO S9K 9 & HAVE A DELAY$ IMPACT4 ,! LEAD] N[ HAS TO WAT* HIS /EP S9CE EV]YONE IS MORE S5SITIVE TO ANY?+ ?AT MI<T SEEM TO CONFIRM Y\R CRITIQUE4 ,9 ORD] TO DEMON/RATE H[ UNJU/IFI$ Y\ >E1 ! MEMB]S MAY 9SI/ ON GREAT] DEMOCRATIZATION4 ,EV5 IF ! P>TICUL> GR\P PROVES IMP]VI\S TO *ANGE1 ITS EXAMPLE MAY S]VE AS AN OBJECT LESSON = A WID] PUBLIC4 ,\TSID]S :O MI<T O!RWISE HAVE MADE SIMIL> MI/AKES CAN MORE EASILY SEE ! P]T95CE ( Y\R CRITIQUE BECAUSE !Y HAVE LESS EMOTIONAL 9VE/M5T4 

,IT'S USUALLY MORE EFFECTIVE TO CRITICIZE 9/ITUTIONS & IDEOLOGIES ?AN TO ATTACK 9DIVIDUALS :O M]ELY HAPP5 TO BE CAU<T UP 9 !M -- NOT ONLY BECAUSE ! MA*9E IS MORE CRUCIAL ?AN ITS REPLACEABLE P>TS1 BUT BECAUSE ?IS APPROA* MAKES IT EASI] = 9DIVIDUALS TO SAVE FACE :ILE DISSOCIAT+ !MSELVES FROM ! MA*9E4 

,BUT H[EV] TACTFUL Y\ MAY BE1 !RE'S NO GETT+ >\ND ! FACT ?AT VIRTUALLY ANY SIGNIFICANT CRITIQUE WILL PROVOKE IRRATIONAL DEF5SIVE REACTIONS1 RANG+ FROM P]SONAL ATTACKS ON Y\ TO 9VOCATIONS ( ONE OR ANO!R ( ! MANY FA%IONABLE IDEOLOGIES ?AT SEEM TO DEMON/RATE ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( ANY RATIONAL CONSID]ATION ( SOCIAL PROBLEMS4 ,REASON IS D5\NC$ AS COLD & AB/RACT BY DEMAGOGUES :O F9D IT EASI] TO PLAY ON PEOPLE'S FEEL+S2 !ORY IS SCORN$ 9 ! NAME ( PRACTICE444 

,!ORY V]SUS IDEOLOGY 

,TO !ORIZE IS SIMPLY TO TRY TO UND]/& :AT WE >E DO+4 ,WE >E ALL !ORI/S :5EV] WE HONE/LY DISCUSS :AT HAS HAPP5$1 DI/+UI% BETWE5 ! SIGNIFICANT & ! IRRELEVANT1 SEE ?R\< FALLACI\S EXPLANATIONS1 RECOGNIZE :AT WORK$ & :AT DIDN'T1 CONSID] H[ SOME?+ MI<T BE DONE BETT] NEXT TIME4 ,RADICAL !ORIZ+ IS SIMPLY TALK+ OR WRIT+ TO MORE PEOPLE AB\T MORE G5]AL ISSUES 9 MORE AB/RACT 7I4E4 MORE WIDELY APPLICABLE7 T]MS4 ,EV5 ?OSE :O CLAIM TO REJECT !ORY !ORIZE -- !Y M]ELY DO SO MORE UNCONSCI\SLY & CAPRICI\SLY1 & ?US MORE 9ACCURATELY4 

,!ORY )\T P>TICUL>S IS EMPTY1 BUT P>TICUL>S )\T !ORY >E BL9D4 ,PRACTICE TE/S !ORY1 BUT !ORY ALSO 9SPIRES NEW PRACTICE4 

,RADICAL !ORY HAS NO?+ TO RESPECT & NO?+ TO LOSE4 ,IT CRITICIZES ITSELF ALONG ) EV]Y?+ ELSE4 ,IT IS NOT A DOCTR9E TO BE ACCEPT$ ON FAI?1 BUT A T5TATIVE G5]ALIZATION ?AT PEOPLE MU/ CON/ANTLY TE/ & CORRECT = !MSELVES1 A PRACTICAL SIMPLIFICATION 9DISP5SABLE = DEAL+ ) ! COMPLEXITIES ( REALITY4 

,BUT HOPEFULLY NOT AN OV]SIMPLIFICATION4 ,ANY !ORY CAN TURN 9TO AN IDEOLOGY1 BECOME RIGIDIFI$ 9TO A DOGMA1 BE TWI/$ TO HI]>*ICAL 5DS4 ,A SOPHI/ICAT$ IDEOLOGY MAY BE RELATIVELY ACCURATE 9 C]TA9 RESPECTS2 :AT DIFF]5TIATES IT FROM !ORY IS ?AT IT LACKS A DYNAMIC RELATION TO PRACTICE4 ,!ORY IS :5 Y\ HAVE IDEAS2 IDEOLOGY IS :5 IDEAS HAVE Y\4 0,SEEK SIMPLICITY1 & DI/RU/ IT40 

,AVOID+ FALSE *OICES & ELUCIDAT+ REAL ONES 

,WE HAVE TO FACE ! FACT ?AT !RE >E NO FOOLPRO( GIMMICKS1 ?AT NO RADICAL TACTIC IS 9V>IABLY APPROPRIATE4 ,SOME?+ ?AT IS COLLECTIVELY POSSIBLE DUR+ A REVOLT MAY NOT BE A S5SIBLE OPTION = AN ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUAL4 ,9 C]TA9 URG5T SITUATIONS IT MAY BE NECESS>Y TO URGE PEOPLE TO TAKE SOME SPECIFIC ACTION2 BUT 9 MO/ CASES IT IS BE/ SIMPLY TO ELUCIDATE RELEVANT FACTORS ?AT PEOPLE %\LD TAKE 9TO ACC\NT :5 MAK+ !IR [N DECISIONS4 7,IF ,I OCCASIONALLY PRESUME TO (F] DIRECT ADVICE H]E1 ?IS IS = CONV5I5CE ( EXPRESSION4 0,DO ?IS0 %\LD BE UND]/OOD AS 0,9 SOME CIRCUM/ANCES IT MAY BE A GOOD IDEA TO DO ?IS407 

,A SOCIAL ANALYSIS NE$ NOT BE LONG OR DETAIL$4 ,SIMPLY 0DIVID+ ONE 9TO TWO0 7PO9T+ \T CONTRADICTORY T5D5CIES )9 A GIV5 PH5OM5ON OR GR\P OR IDEOLOGY7 OR 0COMB9+ TWO 9TO ONE0 7REVEAL+ A COMMONALITY BETWE5 TWO APP>5TLY DI/9CT 5TITIES7 MAY BE USEFUL1 ESPECIALLY IF COMMUNICAT$ TO ?OSE MO/ DIRECTLY 9VOLV$4 ,MORE ?AN 5\< 9=MATION IS ALREADY AVAILABLE ON MO/ ISSUES2 :AT IS NE$$ IS TO CUT ?R\< ! GLUT 9 ORD] TO REVEAL ! ESS5TIAL4 ,ONCE ?IS IS DONE1 O!R PEOPLE1 9CLUD+ KN[L$GEABLE 9SID]S1 WILL BE SPURR$ TO MORE ?OR\< 9VE/IGATIONS IF !SE >E NECESS>Y4 

,:5 CONFRONT$ ) A GIV5 TOPIC1 ! FIR/ ?+ IS TO DET]M9E :E!R IT IS 9DE$ A S+LE TOPIC4 ,IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO HAVE ANY MEAN+FUL DISCUSSION ( 0,M>XISM0 OR 0VIOL5CE0 OR 0TE*NOLOGY0 )\T DI/+UI%+ ! DIV]SE S5SES ?AT >E LUMP$ UND] SU* LABELS4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 IT CAN ALSO BE USEFUL TO TAKE SOME BROAD1 AB/RACT CATEGORY & %[ ITS PR$OM9ANT T5D5CIES1 EV5 ?\< SU* A PURE TYPE DOES NOT ACTUALLY EXI/4 ,! SITUATIONI/S' ,/UD5T ,POV]TY PAMPHLET1 = EXAMPLE1 SCA?+LY 5UM]ATES ALL SORTS ( /UPIDITIES & PRET5SIONS ( 0! /UD5T40 ,OBVI\SLY NOT EV]Y /UD5T IS GUILTY ( ALL !SE FAULTS1 BUT ! /]EOTYPE S]VES AS A FOCUS >\ND :I* TO ORGANIZE A SY/EMATIC CRITIQUE ( G5]AL T5D5CIES4 ,BY /RESS+ QUALITIES MO/ /UD5TS HAVE 9 COMMON1 ! PAMPHLET ALSO IMPLICITLY *ALL5GES ?OSE :O CLAIM TO BE EXCEPTIONS TO PROVE IT4 ,! SAME APPLIES TO ! CRITIQUE ( 0! PRO-SITU0 9 ,DEBORD & ,SANGU9ETTI'S ,! ,REAL ,SPLIT 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL -- A *ALL5G+ REBUFF ( FOLL[]S P]HAPS UNIQUE 9 ! HI/ORY ( RADICAL MOVEM5TS4 

0,EV]YONE IS ASK$ !IR OP9ION AB\T EV]Y DETAIL 9 ORD] TO PREV5T !M FROM =M+ ONE AB\T ! TOTALITY0 7,VANEIGEM74 ,MANY ISSUES >E SU* EMOTIONALLY LOAD$ T>-BABIES ?AT ANYONE :O REACTS TO !M BECOMES 5TANGL$ 9 FALSE *OICES4 ,! FACT ?AT TWO SIDES >E 9 CONFLICT1 = EXAMPLE1 DOES NOT MEAN ?AT Y\ MU/ SUPPORT ONE OR ! O!R4 ,IF Y\ CANNOT DO ANY?+ AB\T A P>TICUL> PROBLEM1 IT IS BE/ TO CLE>LY ACKN[L$GE ?IS FACT & MOVE ON TO SOME?+ ?AT DOES PRES5T PRACTICAL POSSIBILITIES4.<#f.> 

,IF Y\ DO DECIDE TO *OOSE A LESS] EVIL1 ADMIT IT2 DON'T ADD TO ! CONFUSION BY :ITEWA%+ Y\R *OICE OR DEMONIZ+ ! 5EMY4 ,IF ANY?+1 IT'S BETT] TO DO ! OPPOSITE3 TO PLAY DEVIL'S ADVOCATE & NEUTRALIZE COMPULSIVE POLEMICAL DELIRIUM BY CALMLY EXAM9+ ! /RONG PO9TS ( ! OPPOS+ POSITION & ! WEAKNESSES 9 Y\R [N4 0,A V]Y POPUL> ]ROR3 HAV+ ! C\RAGE ( ONE'S CONVICTIONS2 ! PO9T IS TO HAVE ! C\RAGE = AN ATTACK ON ONE'S CONVICTIONS60 7,NIETZS*E74 

,COMB9E MODE/Y ) AUDACITY4 ,REMEMB] ?AT IF Y\ HAPP5 TO ACCOMPLI% ANY?+ IT IS ON ! F\NDATION ( ! EF=TS ( C\NTLESS O!RS1 MANY ( :OM HAVE FAC$ HORRORS ?AT W\LD MAKE Y\ OR ME CRUMPLE 9TO SUBMISSION4 ,BUT DON'T =GET ?AT :AT Y\ SAY CAN MAKE A DIFF]5CE3 )9 A WORLD ( PACIFI$ SPECTATORS EV5 A LITTLE AUTONOM\S EXPRESSION WILL /& \T4 

,S9CE !RE >E NO LONG] ANY MAT]IAL OB/ACLES TO 9AUGURAT+ A CLASSLESS SOCIETY1 ! PROBLEM HAS BE5 ESS5TIALLY R$UC$ TO A QUE/ION ( CONSCI\SNESS3 ! ONLY ?+ ?AT REALLY /&S 9 ! WAY IS PEOPLE'S UNAW>5ESS ( !IR [N COLLECTIVE P[]4 7,PHYSICAL REPRESSION IS EFFECTIVE AGA9/ RADICAL M9ORITIES ONLY SO LONG AS SOCIAL CONDITION+ KEEPS ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION DOCILE47 ,H5CE A L>GE ELEM5T ( RADICAL PRACTICE IS NEGATIVE3 ATTACK+ ! V>I\S =MS ( FALSE CONSCI\SNESS ?AT PREV5T PEOPLE FROM REALIZ+ !IR POSITIVE POT5TIALITIES4 

,! 9SURRECTION>Y /YLE 

,BO? ,M>X & ! SITUATIONI/S HAVE (T5 BE5 IGNORANTLY D5\NC$ = SU* NEGATIVITY1 BECAUSE !Y CONC5TRAT$ PRIM>ILY ON CRITICAL CL>IFICATION & DELIB]ATELY AVOID$ PROMOT+ ANY POSITIVE IDEOLOGY TO :I* PEOPLE C\LD PASSIVELY CL+4 ,BECAUSE ,M>X PO9T$ \T H[ CAPITALISM R$UCES \R LIVES TO AN ECONOMIC RAT-RACE1 0IDEALI/IC0 APOLOGI/S = ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS ACCUSE HIM ( 0R$UC+ LIFE TO MAT]IALI/IC CONC]NS0 -- AS IF ! :OLE PO9T ( ,M>X'S WORK WAS NOT TO HELP US GET BEYOND \R ECONOMIC SLAV]Y SO ?AT \R MORE CREATIVE POT5TIALS CAN FL[]4 0,TO CALL ON PEOPLE TO GIVE UP !IR ILLUSIONS AB\T !IR CONDITION IS TO CALL ON !M TO GIVE UP A CONDITION ?AT REQUIRES ILLUSIONS444 ,CRITICISM PLUCKS ! IMAG9>Y FL[]S FROM ! *A9 NOT 9 ORD] ?AT MAN %ALL CONT9UE TO BE> ?AT *A9 )\T FANTASY OR CONSOLATION1 BUT SO ?AT HE WILL ?R[ (F ! *A9 & PLUCK ! LIV+ FL[]0 70,9TRODUCTION TO A ,CRITIQUE ( ,HEGEL'S ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,RI<T074 

,ACCURATELY EXPRESS+ A KEY ISSUE (T5 HAS A SURPRIS+LY P[]FUL EFFECT4 ,BR++ ?+S \T 9TO ! OP5 =CES PEOPLE TO /OP H$G+ !IR BETS & TAKE A POSITION4 ,LIKE ! DEXT]\S BUT*] 9 ! ,TAOI/ FABLE :OSE KNIFE NEV] NE$$ %>P5+ BECAUSE HE ALWAYS CUT BETWE5 ! JO9TS1 ! MO/ EFFECTIVE RADICAL POL>IZATION COMES NOT FROM /RID5T PROTE/1 BUT FROM SIMPLY REVEAL+ ! DIVISIONS ?AT ALREADY EXI/1 ELUCIDAT+ ! DIFF]5T T5D5CIES1 CONTRADICTIONS1 *OICES4 ,MU* ( ! SITUATIONI/S' IMPACT /EMM$ FROM ! FACT ?AT !Y >TICULAT$ ?+S ?AT MO/ PEOPLE HAD ALREADY EXP]I5C$ BUT W]E UNABLE OR AFRAID TO EXPRESS UNTIL SOMEONE ELSE BROKE ! ICE4 70,\R IDEAS >E 9 EV]YBODY'S M9D407 

,IF SOME SITUATIONI/ TEXTS NEV]!LESS SEEM DIFFICULT AT FIR/1 ?IS IS BECAUSE !IR DIALECTICAL /RUCTURE GOES AGA9/ ! GRA9 ( \R CONDITION+4 ,:5 ?IS CONDITION+ IS BROK5 !Y DON'T SEEM SO OBSCURE 7!Y W]E ! S\RCE ( SOME ( ! MO/ POPUL> ,MAY #aifh GRAFFITI74 ,MANY ACADEMIC SPECTATORS HAVE FL\ND]$ >\ND TRY+ UNSUCCESSFULLY TO RESOLVE ! V>I\S 0CONTRADICTORY0 DESCRIPTIONS ( ! SPECTACLE 9 ,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE 9TO SOME S+LE1 0SCI5TIFICALLY CONSI/5T0 DEF9ITION2 BUT ANYONE 5GAG$ 9 CONTE/+ ?IS SOCIETY WILL F9D ,DEBORD'S EXAM9ATION ( IT FROM DIFF]5T ANGLES EM95TLY CLE> & USEFUL1 & COME TO APPRECIATE ! FACT ?AT HE NEV] WA/ES A WORD 9 ACADEMIC 9ANITIES OR PO9TLESS EXPRESSIONS ( \TRAGE4 

,! DIALECTICAL ME?OD ?AT RUNS FROM ,HEGEL & ,M>X TO ! SITUATIONI/S IS NOT A MAGIC =MULA = *URN+ \T CORRECT PR$ICTIONS1 IT IS A TOOL = GRAPPL+ ) ! DYNAMIC PROCESSES ( SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,IT REM9DS US ?AT SOCIAL CONCEPTS >E NOT ET]NAL2 ?AT !Y CONTA9 !IR [N CONTRADICTIONS1 9T]ACT+ ) & TRANS=M+ EA* O!R1 EV5 9TO !IR OPPOSITES2 ?AT :AT IS TRUE OR PROGRESSIVE 9 ONE CONTEXT MAY BECOME FALSE OR REGRESSIVE 9 ANO!R4.<#g.> 

,A DIALECTICAL TEXT MAY REQUIRE C>EFUL /UDY1 BUT EA* NEW READ+ BR+S NEW DISCOV]IES4 ,EV5 IF IT 9FLU5CES ONLY A FEW PEOPLE DIRECTLY1 IT T5DS TO 9FLU5CE !M SO PR(\NDLY ?AT MANY ( !M 5D UP 9FLU5C+ O!RS 9 ! SAME WAY1 LEAD+ TO A QUALITATIVE *A9 REACTION4 ,! NONDIALECTICAL LANGUAGE ( LEFTI/ PROPAG&A IS EASI] TO UND]/&1 BUT ITS EFFECT IS USUALLY SUP]FICIAL & EPHEM]AL2 (F]+ NO *ALL5GE1 IT SOON 5DS UP BOR+ EV5 ! /UPEFI$ SPECTATORS = :OM IT IS DESIGN$4 

,AS ,DEBORD PUT IT 9 HIS LA/ FILM1 ?OSE :O F9D :AT HE SAYS TOO DIFFICULT W\LD DO BETT] TO BLAME !IR [N IGNORANCE & PASSIVITY1 & ! S*OOLS & SOCIETY ?AT HAVE MADE !M ?AT WAY1 ?AN TO COMPLA9 AB\T HIS OBSCURITY4 ,?OSE :O DON'T HAVE 5\< 9ITIATIVE TO R]EAD CRUCIAL TEXTS OR TO DO A LITTLE EXPLORATION OR A LITTLE EXP]IM5TATION = !MSELVES >E UNLIKELY TO ACCOMPLI% ANY?+ IF !Y >E SPOONF$ BY SOMEONE ELSE4 

,RADICAL FILM 

,DEBORD IS 9 FACT VIRTUALLY ! ONLY P]SON :O HAS MADE A TRULY DIALECTICAL & ANTISPECTACUL> USE ( FILM .<SEE ,GUY ,DEBORD'S ,FILMS.>4 ,AL?\< W\LD-BE RADICAL FILMMAK]S (T5 GIVE LIP S]VICE TO ,BRE*TIAN 0DI/ANCIATION0 -- ! NOTION ( 5C\RAG+ SPECTATORS TO ?9K & ACT = !MSELVES RA!R ?AN SUCK+ !M 9TO PASSIVE ID5TIFICATION ) H]O OR PLOT -- MO/ RADICAL FILMS /ILL PLAY TO ! AUDI5CE AS IF IT W]E MADE UP ( MORONS4 ,! DIMWITT$ PROTAGONI/ GRADUALLY 0DISCOV]S OPPRESSION0 & BECOMES 0RADICALIZ$0 TO ! PO9T :]E HE IS READY TO BECOME A F]V5T SUPPORT] ( 0PROGRESSIVE0 POLITICIANS OR A LOYAL MILITANT 9 SOME BUREAUCRATIC LEFTI/ GR\P4 ,DI/ANCIATION IS LIMIT$ TO A FEW TOK5 GIMMICKS ?AT ALL[ ! SPECTATOR TO ?9K3 0,AH1 A ,BRE*TIAN T\*6 ,:AT A CLEV] FELL[ ?AT FILMMAK] IS6 ,& H[ CLEV] AM ,I TO RECOGNIZE SU* SUBTLETIES60 ,! RADICAL MESSAGE IS USUALLY SO BANAL ?AT IT IS OBVI\S TO VIRTUALLY ANYONE :O W\LD EV] GO TO SEE SU* A FILM 9 ! FIR/ PLACE2 BUT ! SPECTATOR GETS ! GRATIFY+ IMPRESSION ?AT O!R PEOPLE MI<T BE BR\<T UP TO HIS LEVEL ( AW>5ESS IF ONLY !Y C\LD BE GOT TO SEE IT4 

,IF ! SPECTATOR HAS ANY UNEAS9ESS AB\T ! QUALITY ( :AT HE IS CONSUM+1 IT IS ASSUAG$ BY ! CRITICS1 :OSE MA9 FUNCTION IS TO READ PR(\ND RADICAL MEAN+S 9TO PRACTICALLY ANY FILM4 ,AS ) ! ,EMP]OR'S ,NEW ,CLO!S1 NO ONE IS LIKELY TO ADMIT ?AT HE WASN'T AW>E ( !SE SUPPOS$ MEAN+S UNTIL 9=M$ ( !M1 = FE> ?AT ?IS W\LD REVEAL HIM AS LESS SOPHI/ICAT$ ?AN ! RE/ ( ! AUDI5CE4 

,C]TA9 FILMS MAY HELP EXPOSE SOME DEPLORABLE CONDITION OR CONVEY SOME S5SE ( ! FEEL ( A RADICAL SITUATION4 ,BUT !RE IS LITTLE PO9T 9 PRES5T+ IMAGES ( A /RUGGLE IF BO? ! IMAGES & ! /RUGGLE >E NOT CRITICIZ$4 ,SPECTATORS SOMETIMES COMPLA9 ?AT A FILM PORTRAYS SOME SOCIAL CATEGORY 7E4G4 WOM57 9ACCURATELY4 ,?IS MAY BE TRUE 9S(> AS ! FILM REPRODUCES C]TA9 FALSE /]EOTYPES2 BUT ! USUALLY IMPLI$ ALT]NATIVE -- ?AT ! FILMMAK] 0%\LD HAVE PRES5T$ IMAGES ( WOM5 /RUGGL+ AGA9/ OPPRESSION0 -- W\LD 9 MO/ CASES BE EQUALLY FALSE TO REALITY4 ,WOM5 7LIKE M5 OR ANY O!R OPPRESS$ GR\P7 HAVE 9 FACT USUALLY BE5 PASSIVE & SUBMISSIVE -- ?AT'S PRECISELY ! PROBLEM WE HAVE TO FACE4 ,CAT]+ TO PEOPLE'S SELF-SATISFACTION BY PRES5T+ SPECTACLES ( TRIUMPHANT RADICAL H]OISM ONLY RE9=CES ?IS BONDAGE4 

,OPPRESSIONISM V]SUS PLAYFULNESS 

,TO RELY ON OPPRESSIVE CONDITIONS TO RADICALIZE PEOPLE IS UNWISE2 TO 9T5TIONALLY WORS5 !M 9 ORD] TO ACCEL]ATE ?IS PROCESS IS UNACCEPTABLE4 ,! REPRESSION ( C]TA9 RADICAL PROJECTS MAY 9CID5TALLY EXPOSE ! ABSURDITY ( ! RUL+ ORD]2 BUT SU* PROJECTS %\LD BE WOR?:ILE = !IR [N SAKE -- !Y LOSE !IR CR$IBILITY IF !Y >E M]ELY PRETEXTS DESIGN$ TO PROVOKE REPRESSION4 ,EV5 9 ! MO/ 0PRIVILEG$0 MILIEUS !RE >E USUALLY MORE ?AN 5\< PROBLEMS )\T NE$+ TO ADD TO !M4 ,! PO9T IS TO REVEAL ! CONTRA/ BETWE5 PRES5T CONDITIONS & PRES5T POSSIBILITIES2 TO GIVE PEOPLE 5\< TA/E ( REAL LIFE ?AT !Y'LL WANT MORE4 

,LEFTI/S (T5 IMPLY ?AT A LOT ( SIMPLIFICATION1 EXAGG]ATION & REPETITION IS NECESS>Y 9 ORD] TO C\NT]ACT ALL ! RUL+ PROPAG&A 9 ! O!R DIRECTION4 ,?IS IS LIKE SAY+ ?AT A BOX] :O HAS BE5 MADE GROGGY BY A RI<T HOOK WILL BE RE/OR$ TO LUCIDITY BY A LEFT HOOK4 

,PEOPLE'S CONSCI\SNESS IS NOT 0RAIS$0 BY BURY+ !M UND] AN AVALAN*E ( HORROR /ORIES1 OR EV5 UND] AN AVALAN*E ( 9=MATION4 ,9=MATION ?AT IS NOT CRITICALLY ASSIMILAT$ & US$ IS SOON =GOTT54 ,M5TAL AS WELL AS PHYSICAL HEAL? REQUIRES SOME BALANCE BETWE5 :AT WE TAKE 9 & :AT WE DO ) IT4 ,IT MAY SOMETIMES BE NECESS>Y TO =CE COMPLAC5T PEOPLE TO FACE SOME \TRAGE !Y >E UNAW>E (1 BUT EV5 9 SU* CASES H>P+ ON ! SAME ?+ AD NAUSEAM USUALLY ACCOMPLI%ES NO?+ MORE ?AN DRIV+ !M TO ESCAPE TO LESS BOR+ & DEPRESS+ SPECTACLES4 

,ONE ( ! MA9 ?+S ?AT KEEPS US FROM UND]/&+ \R SITUATION IS ! SPECTACLE ( O!R PEOPLE'S APP>5T HAPP9ESS1 :I* MAKES US SEE \R [N UNHAPP9ESS AS A %AMEFUL SIGN ( FAILURE4 ,BUT AN OMNIPRES5T SPECTACLE ( MIS]Y ALSO KEEPS US FROM SEE+ \R POSITIVE POT5TIALS4 ,! CON/ANT BROADCA/+ ( DELIRI\S IDEAS & NAUSEAT+ ATROCITIES P>ALYZES US1 TURNS US 9TO P>ANOIDS & COMPULSIVE CYNICS4 

,/RID5T LEFTI/ PROPAG&A1 FIXAT+ ON ! 9SIDI\SNESS & LOA?SOM5ESS ( 0OPPRESSORS10 (T5 FE$S ?IS DELIRIUM1 APPEAL+ TO ! MO/ MORBID & MEAN-SPIRIT$ SIDE ( PEOPLE4 ,IF WE GET CAU<T UP 9 BROOD+ ON EVILS1 IF WE LET ! SICKNESS & UGL9ESS ( ?IS SOCIETY P]VADE EV5 \R REBELLION AGA9/ IT1 WE =GET :AT WE >E FI<T+ = & 5D UP LOS+ ! V]Y CAPACITY TO LOVE1 TO CREATE1 TO 5JOY4 

,! BE/ 0RADICAL >T0 CUTS BO? WAYS4 ,IF IT ATTACKS ! ALI5ATION ( MOD]N LIFE1 IT SIMULTANE\SLY REM9DS US ( ! POETIC POT5TIALITIES HIDD5 )9 IT4 ,RA!R ?AN RE9=C+ \R T5D5CY TO WALL[ 9 SELF-PITY1 IT 5C\RAGES \R RESILI5CE1 5ABLES US TO LAU< AT \R [N TR\BLES AS WELL AS AT ! AS99ITIES ( ! =CES ( 0ORD]40 ,SOME ( ! OLD ,I,W,W SONGS & COMIC /RIPS >E GOOD EXAMPLES1 EV5 IF ! ,I,W,W IDEOLOGY IS BY N[ A BIT MU/Y4 ,OR ! IRONIC1 BITT]SWEET SONGS ( ,BRE*T & ,WEILL4 ,! HIL>ITY ( ,! ,GOOD ,SOLDI] ,SVEJK IS PROBABLY A MORE EFFECTIVE ANTIDOTE TO W> ?AN ! MORAL \TRAGE ( ! TYPICAL ANTIW> TRACT4 

,NO?+ UND]M9ES AU?ORITY LIKE HOLD+ IT UP TO RIDICULE4 ,! MO/ EFFECTIVE >GUM5T AGA9/ A REPRESSIVE REGIME IS NOT ?AT IT IS EVIL1 BUT ?AT IT IS SILLY4 ,! PROTAGONI/S ( ,ALB]T ,COSS]Y'S NOVEL ,LA VIOL5CE ET LA D]ISION1 LIV+ UND] A ,MIDDLE-,EA/]N DICTATOR%IP1 PLA/] ! WALLS ( ! CAPITAL ) AN (FICIAL-LOOK+ PO/] ?AT PRAISES ! DICTATOR TO SU* A PREPO/]\S DEGREE ?AT HE BECOMES A LAU<+/OCK & IS =C$ TO RESIGN \T ( EMB>RASSM5T4 ,COSS]Y'S PRANK/]S >E APOLITICAL & !IR SUCCESS IS P]HAPS TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE1 BUT SOME:AT SIMIL> P>ODIES HAVE BE5 US$ ) MORE RADICAL AIMS 7E4G4 ! ,LI ,I-,*E C\P M5TION$ ON PAGE #cd .<,A ,RADICAL ,GR\P 9 ,HONG ,KONG.>74 ,AT DEMON/RATIONS 9 ,ITALY 9 ! #a#i#gS ! ,METROPOLITAN ,9DIANS 79SPIR$ P]HAPS BY ! OP5+ *APT] ( ,LEWIS ,C>ROLL'S ,SYLVIE & ,BRUNO3 0,LESS ,BREAD6 ,MORE ,TAXES607 C>RI$ BANN]S & *ANT$ SLOGANS SU* AS 0,P[] TO ! ,BOSSES60 & 0,MORE WORK6 ,LESS PAY60 ,EV]YONE RECOGNIZ$ ! IRONY1 BUT IT WAS H>D] TO DISMISS ) ! USUAL PIGEONHOL+4 

,HUMOR IS A HEAL?Y ANTIDOTE TO ALL TYPES ( OR?ODOXY1 LEFT AS WELL AS RI<T4 ,IT'S HI<LY CONTAGI\S & IT REM9DS US NOT TO TAKE \RSELVES TOO S]I\SLY4 ,BUT IT CAN EASILY BECOME A M]E SAFETY VALVE1 *ANNEL+ DISSATISFACTION 9TO GLIB1 PASSIVE CYNICISM4 ,SPECTACLE SOCIETY ?RIVES ON DELIRI\S REACTIONS AGA9/ ITS MO/ DELIRI\S ASPECTS4 ,SATIRI/S (T5 HAVE A DEP5D5T1 LOVE-HATE RELATION ) !IR T>GETS2 P>ODIES BECOME 9DI/+UI%ABLE FROM :AT !Y >E P>ODY+1 GIV+ ! IMPRESSION ?AT EV]Y?+ IS EQUALLY BIZ>RE1 MEAN+LESS & HOPELESS4 

,9 A SOCIETY BAS$ ON >TIFICIALLY MA9TA9$ CONFUSION1 ! FIR/ TASK IS NOT TO ADD TO IT4 ,*AOTIC DISRUPTIONS USUALLY G5]ATE NO?+ BUT ANNOYANCE OR PANIC1 PROVOK+ PEOPLE TO SUPPORT :ATEV] MEASURES ! GOV]NM5T TAKES TO RE/ORE ORD]4 ,A RADICAL 9T]V5TION MAY AT FIR/ SEEM /RANGE & 9COMPREH5SIBLE2 BUT IF IT HAS BE5 WORK$ \T ) SUFFICI5T LUCIDITY1 PEOPLE WILL SOON UND]/& IT WELL 5\<4 

,! ,/RASB\RG SC&AL 

,IMAG9E BE+ AT ,/RASB\RG ,UNIV]SITY AT ! OP5+ ( ! S*OOL YE> 9 FALL #a#i#f#f1 AMONG ! /UD5TS1 FACULTY & DI/+UI%$ GUE/S FIL+ 9TO AN AUDITORIUM TO HE> A COMM5CEM5T ADDRESS4 ,Y\ F9D A LITTLE PAMPHLET PLAC$ ON EA* SEAT4 ,A PROGRAM8 ,NO1 SOME?+ AB\T 0! POV]TY ( /UD5T LIFE40 ,Y\ IDLY OP5 IT UP & />T TO READ3 0,IT IS PRETTY SAFE TO SAY ?AT ! /UD5T IS ! MO/ UNIV]SALLY DESPIS$ CREATURE 9 ,FRANCE1 AP>T FROM ! POLICEMAN & ! PRIE/4440 ,Y\ LOOK >\ND & SEE ?AT EV]YONE ELSE IS ALSO READ+ IT1 REACTIONS RANG+ FROM PUZZLEM5T OR AMUSEM5T TO %OCK & \TRAGE4 ,:O IS RESPONSIBLE = ?IS8 ,! TITLE PAGE REVEALS ?AT IT IS PUBLI%$ BY ! ,/RASB\RG ,/UD5T ,UNION1 BUT IT ALSO REF]S TO 0! ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL10 :ATEV] ?AT MI<T BE444 

,:AT MADE ! ,/RASB\RG SC&AL DIFF]5T FROM SOME COLLEGE PRANK1 OR FROM ! CONFUS$ & CONFUS+ CAP]S ( GR\PS LIKE ! ,YIPPIES1 WAS ?AT ITS SC&AL\S =M CONVEY$ AN EQUALLY SC&AL\S CONT5T4 ,AT A MOM5T :5 /UD5TS W]E BE+ PROCLAIM$ AS ! MO/ RADICAL SECTOR ( SOCIETY1 ?IS TEXT WAS ! ONLY ONE ?AT PUT ?+S 9TO P]SPECTIVE4 ,BUT ! P>TICUL> POV]TIES ( /UD5TS JU/ HAPP5$ TO BE ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE2 EQUALLY SCA?+ TEXTS C\LD & %\LD BE WRITT5 ON ! POV]TY ( EV]Y O!R SEGM5T ( SOCIETY 7PREF]ABLY BY ?OSE :O KN[ !M FROM 9SIDE74 ,SOME HAVE 9 FACT BE5 ATTEMPT$1 BUT NONE HAVE APPROA*$ ! LUCIDITY & COH]5CE ( ! SITUATIONI/ PAMPHLET1 SO CONCISE YET SO COMPREH5SIVE1 SO PROVOCATIVE YET SO ACCURATE1 MOV+ SO ME?ODICALLY FROM A SPECIFIC SITUATION ?R\< 9CREAS+LY G5]AL RAMIFICATIONS ?AT ! F9AL *APT] PRES5TS ! MO/ PI?Y EXI/+ SUMM>Y ( ! MOD]N REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT4 7,SEE ,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 PP4 #b#d-#b#a#b1 #c#a#i-#c#c#g .<,ON ! ,POV]TY ( ,/UD5T ,LIFE & ,\R ,GOALS & ,ME?ODS 9 ! ,/RASB\RG ,SC&AL.>47 

,! SITUATIONI/S NEV] CLAIM$ TO HAVE S+LE-H&$LY PROVOK$ ,MAY #aifh -- AS !Y SAID1 !Y PR$ICT$ ! CONT5T ( ! REVOLT1 NOT ! DATE OR LOCATION4 ,BUT )\T ! ,/RASB\RG SC&AL & ! SUBSEQU5T AGITATION BY ! ,S,I-9FLU5C$ ,5RAGES GR\P 7( :I* ! MORE WELL KN[N ,M>* #b#bND ,MOVEM5T WAS ONLY A BELAT$ & CONFUS$ IMITATION7 ! REVOLT MI<T NEV] HAVE HAPP5$4 ,!RE WAS NO ECONOMIC OR GOV]NM5TAL CRISIS1 NO W> OR RACIAL ANTAGONISM DE/ABILIZ+ ! C\NTRY1 NOR ANY O!R P>TICUL> ISSUE ?AT MI<T HAVE FO/]$ SU* A REVOLT4 ,!RE W]E MORE RADICAL WORK] /RUGGLES GO+ ON 9 ,ITALY & ,5GL&1 MORE MILITANT /UD5T /RUGGLES 9 ,G]MANY & ,JAPAN1 MORE WIDESPREAD C\NT]CULTURAL MOVEM5TS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & ! ,NE!RL&S4 ,BUT ONLY 9 ,FRANCE WAS !RE A P]SPECTIVE ?AT TI$ !M ALL TOGE!R4 

,C>EFULLY CALCULAT$ 9T]V5TIONS LIKE ! ,/RASB\RG SC&AL MU/ BE DI/+UI%$ NOT ONLY FROM CONFUSIONI/IC DISRUPTIONS1 BUT ALSO FROM M]ELY SPECTACUL> EXPOSES4 ,AS LONG AS SOCIAL CRITICS CONF9E !MSELVES TO CONTE/+ ?IS OR ?AT DETAIL1 ! SPECTACLE-SPECTATOR RELATION CONT9UALLY RECON/ITUTES ITSELF3 IF SU* CRITICS SUCCE$ 9 DISCR$IT+ EXI/+ POLITICAL LEAD]S1 !Y !MSELVES (T5 BECOME NEW />S 7,RALPH ,NAD]1 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY1 ETC47 :OM SLI<TLY MORE AW>E SPECTATORS ADMIR+LY RELY ON = A CONT9U+ FL[ ( %OCK+ 9=MATION ?AT !Y R>ELY DO ANY?+ AB\T4 ,! MILD] EXPOSES GET ! AUDI5CE TO ROOT = ?IS OR ?AT FACTION 9 9TRAGOV]NM5TAL P[] /RUGGLES2 ! MORE S5SATIONAL ONES FE$ PEOPLE'S MORBID CURIOSITY1 SUCK+ !M 9TO CONSUM+ MORE >TICLES1 NEWS PROGRAMS & DOCUDRAMAS1 & 9TO 9T]M9ABLE DEBATES AB\T V>I\S CONSPIRACY !ORIES4 ,MO/ SU* !ORIES >E OBVI\SLY NO?+ BUT DELIRI\S REFLECTIONS ( ! LACK ( CRITICAL HI/ORICAL S5SE PRODUC$ BY ! MOD]N SPECTACLE1 DESP]ATE ATTEMPTS TO F9D SOME COH]5T MEAN+ 9 AN 9CREAS+LY 9COH]5T & ABSURD SOCIETY4 ,9 ANY CASE1 AS LONG AS ?+S REMA9 ON ! SPECTACUL> T]RA9 IT H>DLY MATT]S :E!R ANY ( !SE !ORIES >E TRUE3 ?OSE :O KEEP WAT*+ TO SEE :AT COMES NEXT NEV] AFFECT :AT COMES NEXT4 

,C]TA9 REVELATIONS >E MORE 9T]E/+ BECAUSE !Y NOT ONLY OP5 UP SIGNIFICANT ISSUES TO PUBLIC DEBATE1 BUT DO SO 9 A MANN] ?AT DRAWS LOTS ( PEOPLE 9TO ! GAME4 ,A *>M+ EXAMPLE IS ! #aifc 0,SPIES = ,PEACE0 SC&AL 9 ,5GL&1 9 :I* A FEW UNKN[N P]SONS PUBLICIZ$ ! LOCATION ( A SECRET BOMB %ELT] RES]V$ = MEMB]S ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! MORE VEHEM5TLY ! GOV]NM5T ?REAT5$ TO PROSECUTE ANYONE :O REPRODUC$ ?IS 0/ATE SECRET0 9=MATION :I* WAS NO LONG] SECRET FROM ANYONE1 ! MORE CREATIVELY & PLAYFULLY IT WAS DISSEM9AT$ BY ?\S&S ( GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS 7:O ALSO PROCE$$ TO DISCOV] & 9VADE SEV]AL O!R SECRET %ELT]S74 ,NOT ONLY DID ! AS99ITY ( ! GOV]NM5T & ! 9SANITY ( ! NUCLE> W> SPECTACLE BECAME EVID5T TO EV]YONE1 ! SPONTANE\S HUMAN *A9 REACTION PROVID$ A TA/E ( A QUITE DIFF]5T SOCIAL POT5TIAL4 

,! POV]TY ( ELECTORAL POLITICS 

0,S9CE #ahad NO ,LIB]AL GOV]NM5T HAD COME 9 EXCEPT BY VIOL5CE4 ,CANOVAS WAS TOO 9TELLIG5T NOT TO SEE ! 9CONV5I5CE & ! DANG] ( ?AT4 ,HE !RE=E >RANG$ ?AT ,CONS]VATIVE GOV]NM5TS %\LD BE SUCCE$$ REGUL>LY BY ,LIB]AL GOV]NM5TS4 ,! PLAN HE FOLL[$ WAS1 :5EV] AN ECONOMIC CRISIS OR A S]I\S /RIKE CAME ALONG1 TO RESIGN & LET ! ,LIB]ALS DEAL ) IT4 ,?IS EXPLA9S :Y MO/ ( ! REPRESSIVE LEGISLATION PASS$ DUR+ ! RE/ ( ! C5TURY WAS PASS$ BY !M40 

-- ,G]ALD ,BR5AN1 ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9? 

,! BE/ >GUM5T 9 FAVOR ( RADICAL ELECTORAL POLITICS WAS MADE BY ,EUG5E ,DEBS1 ! ,AM]ICAN SOCIALI/ LEAD] :O 9 #aib RECEIV$ NE>LY A MILLION VOTES = PRESID5T :ILE 9 PRISON = OPPOS+ ,WORLD ,W> ,I3 0,IF ! PEOPLE DON'T KN[ 5\< TO KN[ :O TO VOTE =1 !Y'RE NOT GO+ TO KN[ :O TO %OOT AT40 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! WORK]S DUR+ ! #a#i#a#h-#a#i ,G]MAN REVOLUTION W]E CONFUS$ AB\T :O TO %OOT AT PRECISELY BY ! PRES5CE ( 0SOCIALI/0 LEAD]S 9 ! GOV]NM5T :O W]E WORK+ OV]TIME TO REPRESS ! REVOLUTION4 

,9 ITSELF1 VOT+ IS ( NO GREAT SIGNIFICANCE ONE WAY OR ! O!R 7?OSE :O MAKE A BIG DEAL AB\T REFUS+ TO VOTE >E ONLY REVEAL+ !IR [N FETI%ISM74 ,! PROBLEM IS ?AT IT T5DS TO LULL PEOPLE 9TO RELY+ ON O!RS TO ACT = !M1 DI/RACT+ !M FROM MORE SIGNIFICANT POSSIBILITIES4 ,A FEW PEOPLE :O TAKE SOME CREATIVE 9ITIATIVE 7?9K ( ! FIR/ CIVIL RI<TS SIT-9S7 MAY ULTIMATELY HAVE A F> GREAT] EFFECT ?AN IF !Y HAD PUT !IR 5]GY 9TO CAMPAIGN+ = LESS]-EVIL POLITICIANS4 ,AT BE/1 LEGISLATORS R>ELY DO MORE ?AN :AT !Y HAVE BE5 =C$ TO DO BY POPUL> MOVEM5TS4 ,A CONS]VATIVE REGIME UND] PRESSURE FROM 9DEP5D5T RADICAL MOVEM5TS (T5 CONC$ES MORE ?AN A LIB]AL REGIME ?AT KN[S IT CAN C\NT ON RADICAL SUPPORT4 ,IF PEOPLE 9V>IABLY RALLY TO LESS] EVILS1 ALL ! RUL]S HAVE TO DO 9 ANY SITUATION ?AT ?REAT5S !IR P[] IS TO CONJURE UP A ?REAT ( SOME GREAT] EVIL4 

,EV5 9 ! R>E CASE :5 A 0RADICAL0 POLITICIAN HAS A REALI/IC *ANCE ( W9N+ AN ELECTION1 ALL ! T$I\S CAMPAIGN EF=TS ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE MAY GO D[N ! DRA9 9 ONE DAY BECAUSE ( SOME TRIVIAL SC&AL DISCOV]$ 9 HIS P]SONAL LIFE1 OR BECAUSE HE 9ADV]T5TLY SAYS SOME?+ 9TELLIG5T4 ,IF HE MANAGES TO AVOID !SE PITFALLS & IT LOOKS LIKE HE MI<T W91 HE T5DS TO EVADE CONTROV]SIAL ISSUES = FE> ( ANTAGONIZ+ SW+ VOT]S4 ,IF HE ACTUALLY GETS ELECT$ HE IS ALMO/ NEV] 9 A POSITION TO IMPLEM5T ! RE=MS HE HAS PROMIS$1 EXCEPT P]HAPS AFT] YE>S ( :EEL+ & DEAL+ ) HIS NEW COLLEAGUES2 :I* GIVES HIM A GOOD EXCUSE TO SEE HIS FIR/ PRIORITY AS MAK+ :ATEV] COMPROMISES >E NECESS>Y TO KEEP HIMSELF 9 (FICE 9DEF9ITELY4 ,HOBNOBB+ ) ! RI* & P[]FUL1 HE DEVELOPS NEW 9T]E/S & NEW TA/ES1 :I* HE JU/IFIES BY TELL+ HIMSELF ?AT HE DES]VES A FEW P]KS AFT] ALL HIS YE>S ( WORK+ = GOOD CAUSES4 ,WOR/ ( ALL1 IF HE DOES EV5TUALLY MANAGE TO GET A FEW 0PROGRESSIVE0 MEASURES PASS$1 ?IS EXCEPTIONAL & USUALLY TRIVIAL SUCCESS IS HELD UP AS EVID5CE ( ! VALUE ( RELY+ ON ELECTORAL POLITICS1 LUR+ MANY MORE PEOPLE 9TO WA/+ !IR 5]GY ON SIMIL> CAMPAIGNS TO COME4 

,AS ONE ( ! ,MAY #aifh GRAFFITI PUT IT1 0,IT'S PA9FUL TO SUBMIT TO \R BOSSES2 IT'S EV5 MORE /UPID TO *OOSE !M60 

,REF]5DUMS ON P>TICUL> ISSUES >E LESS SUSCEPTIBLE TO ! PREC>I\SNESS ( P]SONALITIES2 BUT ! RESULTS >E (T5 NO BETT] S9CE ! ISSUES T5D TO BE POS$ V]Y SIMPLI/ICALLY1 & ANY MEASURE ?AT ?REAT5S P[]FUL 9T]E/S CAN USUALLY BE DEFEAT$ BY ! 9FLU5CE ( MONEY & MASS M$IA4 

,LOCAL ELECTIONS SOMETIMES (F] PEOPLE A MORE REALI/IC *ANCE TO AFFECT POLICIES & KEEP TABS ON ELECT$ (FICIALS4 ,BUT EV5 ! MO/ 5LI<T5$ COMMUNITIES CANNOT 9SULATE !MSELVES FROM ! DET]IORATION ( ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,IF A CITY MANAGES TO PRES]VE DESIRABLE CULTURAL OR 5VIRONM5TAL FEATURES1 !SE V]Y ADVANTAGES PUT IT UND] 9CREAS+ ECONOMIC PRESSURE4 ,! FACT ?AT HUMAN VALUES HAVE BE5 GIV5 PREC$5CE OV] PROP]TY VALUES ULTIMATELY CAUSES 5ORM\S 9CREASES 9 ! LATT] 7MORE PEOPLE WILL WANT TO 9VE/ OR MOVE !RE74 ,SOON] OR LAT] ?IS PROP]TY-VALUE 9CREASE OV]P[]S ! HUMAN VALUES3 LOCAL POLICIES >E OV]RUL$ BY HI< C\RTS OR BY /ATE OR NATIONAL GOV]NM5TS1 \TSIDE MONEY IS P\R$ 9TO MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS1 CITY (FICIALS >E BRIB$1 RESID5TIAL NEI<BORHOODS >E DEMOLI%$ TO MAKE ROOM = HI<RISES & FREEWAYS1 R5TS SKYROCKET1 ! POOR] CLASSES >E =C$ \T 79CLUD+ ! DIV]SE E?NIC GR\PS & >TI/IC BOHEMIANS :O CONTRIBUT$ TO ! CITY'S ORIG9AL LIVEL9ESS & APPEAL71 & ALL ?AT REMA9S ( ! E>LI] COMMUNITY >E A FEW ISOLAT$ SITES ( 0HI/ORICAL 9T]E/0 = T\RI/ CONSUMPTION4 

,RE=MS & ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS 

,/ILL1 0ACT+ LOCALLY0 MAY BE A GOOD PLACE TO />T4 ,PEOPLE :O FEEL ?AT ! GLOBAL SITUATION IS HOPELESS OR 9COMPREH5SIBLE MAY NEV]!LESS SEE A *ANCE TO AFFECT SOME SPECIFIC LOCAL MATT]4 ,BLOCK CLUBS1 CO-OPS1 SWIT*BO>DS1 /UDY GR\PS1 ALT]NATIVE S*OOLS1 FREE HEAL? CL9ICS1 COMMUNITY !AT]S1 NEI<BORHOOD NEWSPAP]S1 PUBLIC-ACCESS RADIO & TELEVISION /ATIONS & MANY O!R K9DS ( ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS >E WOR?:ILE = !IR [N SAKE1 & IF !Y >E SUFFICI5TLY P>TICIPATORY !Y MAY LEAD TO BROAD] MOVEM5TS4 ,EV5 IF !Y DON'T LA/ V]Y LONG1 !Y PROVIDE A TEMPOR>Y T]RA9 = RADICAL EXP]IM5TATION4 

,BUT ALWAYS )9 LIMITS4 ,CAPITALISM WAS ABLE TO DEVELOP GRADUALLY )9 FEUDAL SOCIETY1 SO ?AT BY ! TIME ! CAPITALI/ REVOLUTION CA/ (F ! LA/ VE/IGES ( FEUDALISM1 MO/ ( ! ME*ANISMS ( ! NEW B\RGEOIS ORD] W]E ALREADY FIRMLY 9 PLACE4 ,AN ANTICAPITALI/ REVOLUTION1 9 CONTRA/1 CANNOT REALLY BUILD ITS NEW SOCIETY 0)9 ! %ELL ( ! OLD40 ,CAPITALISM IS F> MORE FLEXIBLE & ALL-P]VAD+ ?AN WAS FEUDALISM1 & T5DS TO COOPT ANY OPPOSITIONAL ORGANIZATION4 

,N9ETE5?-C5TURY RADICAL !ORI/S C\LD /ILL SEE 5\< SURVIV+ REMNANTS ( TRADITIONAL COMMUNAL =MS TO SUPPOSE ?AT1 ONCE ! OV]>*+ EXPLOITIVE /RUCTURE WAS ELIM9AT$1 !Y MI<T BE REVIV$ & EXP&$ TO =M ! F\NDATION ( A NEW SOCIETY4 ,BUT ! GLOBAL P5ETRATION ( SPECTACUL> CAPITALISM 9 ! PRES5T C5TURY HAS DE/ROY$ VIRTUALLY ALL =MS ( POPUL> CONTROL & DIRECT HUMAN 9T]ACTION4 ,EV5 ! MORE MOD]N EF=TS ( ! SIXTIES C\NT]CULTURE HAVE LONG BE5 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! SY/EM4 ,CO-OPS1 CRAFTS1 ORGANIC F>M+ & O!R M>G9AL 5T]PRISES MAY PRODUCE BETT] QUALITY GOODS UND] BETT] WORK+ CONDITIONS1 BUT ?OSE GOODS /ILL HAVE TO FUNCTION AS COMMODITIES ON ! M>KET4 ,! FEW SUCCESSFUL V5TURES T5D TO EVOLVE 9TO ORD9>Y BUS9ESSES1 ) ! F\ND+ MEMB]S GRADUALLY ASSUM+ AN [N]%IP OR MANAG]IAL ROLE OV] ! NEW] WORK]S & DEAL+ ) ALL SORTS ( R\T9E COMM]CIAL & BUREAUCRATIC MATT]S ?AT HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) 0PREP>+ ! GR\ND = A NEW SOCIETY40 

,! LONG] AN ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTION LA/S1 ! MORE IT T5DS TO LOSE ITS VOLUNTE]1 EXP]IM5TAL1 NO?+-TO-LOSE *>ACT]4 ,P]MAN5T PAID /AFFS DEVELOP A VE/$ 9T]E/ 9 ! /ATUS QUO & AVOID ROCK+ ! BOAT = FE> ( (F5D+ SUPPORT]S OR LOS+ !IR GOV]NM5T OR F\NDATION FUND+4 ,ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTIONS ALSO T5D TO DEM& TOO MU* ( ! LIMIT$ FREE TIME PEOPLE HAVE1 BOGG+ !M D[N1 ROBB+ !M ( ! 5]GY & IMAG9ATION TO CONFRONT MORE G5]AL ISSUES4 ,AFT] A BRIEF P]IOD ( P>TICIPATION MO/ PEOPLE GET BURN$ \T1 LEAV+ ! WORK TO ! DUTIFUL TYPES OR TO LEFTI/S TRY+ TO MAKE AN IDEOLOGICAL PO9T4 ,IT MAY S\ND NICE TO HE> AB\T PEOPLE =M+ BLOCK CLUBS1 ETC41 BUT UNLESS A REAL LOCAL EM]G5CY COMES UP Y\ MAY NOT WANT TO ATT5D 9T]M9ABLE MEET+S TO LI/5 TO Y\R NEI<BORS' COMPLA9TS1 OR O!RWISE COMMIT Y\RSELF TO MATT]S Y\ DON'T REALLY C>E AB\T4 

,9 ! NAME ( REALISM1 RE=MI/S LIMIT !MSELVES TO PURSU+ 0W9NABLE0 OBJECTIVES1 YET EV5 :5 !Y W9 SOME LITTLE ADJU/M5T 9 ! SY/EM IT IS USUALLY (FSET BY SOME O!R DEVELOPM5T AT ANO!R LEVEL4 ,?IS DOESN'T MEAN ?AT RE=MS >E IRRELEVANT1 M]ELY ?AT !Y >E 9SUFFICI5T4 ,WE HAVE TO KEEP RESI/+ P>TICUL> EVILS1 BUT WE ALSO HAVE TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! SY/EM WILL KEEP G5]AT+ NEW ONES UNTIL WE PUT AN 5D TO IT4 ,TO SUPPOSE ?AT A S]IES ( RE=MS WILL EV5TUALLY ADD UP TO A QUALITATIVE *ANGE IS LIKE ?9K+ WE CAN GET ACROSS A T5-FOOT *ASM BY A S]IES ( ONE-FOOT HOPS4 

,PEOPLE T5D TO ASSUME ?AT BECAUSE REVOLUTION 9VOLVES MU* GREAT] *ANGE ?AN RE=MS1 IT MU/ BE MORE DIFFICULT TO BR+ AB\T4 ,9 ! LONG RUN IT MAY ACTUALLY BE EASI]1 BECAUSE 9 ONE /ROKE IT CUTS ?R\< SO MANY PETTY COMPLICATIONS & >\SES A MU* GREAT] 5?USIASM4 ,AT A C]TA9 PO9T IT BECOMES MORE PRACTICAL TO />T FRE% ?AN TO KEEP TRY+ TO REPLA/] A ROTT5 /RUCTURE4 

,MEAN:ILE1 UNTIL A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION 5ABLES US TO BE TRULY CON/RUCTIVE1 ! BE/ WE CAN DO IS BE CREATIVELY NEGATIVE -- CONC5TRAT+ ON CRITICAL CL>IFICATION1 LEAV+ PEOPLE TO PURSUE :ATEV] POSITIVE PROJECTS MAY APPEAL TO !M BUT )\T ! ILLUSION ?AT A NEW SOCIETY IS BE+ 0BUILT0 BY ! GRADUAL ACCUMULATION ( SU* PROJECTS4 

,PURELY NEGATIVE PROJECTS 7E4G4 ABOLITION ( LAWS AGA9/ DRUG USE1 CONS5SUAL SEX & O!R VICTIMLESS CRIMES7 HAVE ! ADVANTAGE ( SIMPLICITY1 IMM$IATELY B5EFIT+ VIRTUALLY EV]YONE 7EXCEPT = ?AT SYMBIOTIC DUO1 ORGANIZ$ CRIME & ! CRIME-CONTROL 9DU/RY7 :ILE REQUIR+ LITTLE IF ANY FOLL[UP WORK ONCE !Y >E SUCCESSFUL4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !Y PROVIDE LITTLE OPPORTUNITY = CREATIVE P>TICIPATION4 

,! BE/ PROJECTS >E ?OSE ?AT >E WOR?:ILE = !IR [N SAKE :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY CONTA9+ AN IMPLICIT *ALL5GE TO SOME FUNDAM5TAL ASPECT ( ! SY/EM2 PROJECTS ?AT 5ABLE PEOPLE TO P>TICIPATE 9 SIGNIFICANT ISSUES ACCORD+ TO !IR [N DEGREE ( 9T]E/1 :ILE T5D+ TO OP5 ! WAY TO MORE RADICAL POSSIBILITIES4 

,LESS 9T]E/+1 BUT /ILL WOR?:ILE1 >E DEM&S = IMPROV$ CONDITIONS OR MORE EQUAL RI<TS4 ,EV5 IF SU* PROJECTS >E NOT 9 !MSELVES V]Y P>TICIPATORY1 !Y MAY REMOVE IMP$IM5TS TO P>TICIPATION4 

,LEA/ DESIRABLE >E M]E Z]O-SUM /RUGGLES1 :]E ONE GR\P'S GA9 IS ANO!R'S LOSS4 

,EV5 9 ! LATT] CASE ! PO9T IS NOT TO TELL PEOPLE :AT !Y %\LD DO1 BUT TO GET !M TO REALIZE :AT !Y >E DO+4 ,IF !Y >E PROMOT+ SOME ISSUE 9 ORD] TO RECRUIT PEOPLE1 IT IS APPROPRIATE TO EXPOSE !IR MANIPULATIVE MOTIVES4 ,IF !Y BELIEVE !Y >E CONTRIBUT+ TO RADICAL *ANGE1 IT MAY BE USEFUL TO %[ !M H[ !IR ACTIVITY IS ACTUALLY RE9=C+ ! SY/EM 9 SOME WAY4 ,BUT IF !Y >E REALLY 9T]E/$ 9 !IR PROJECT = ITS [N SAKE1 LET !M GO = IT4 

,EV5 IF WE DISAGREE ) !IR PRIORITIES 7FUNDRAIS+ = ! OP]A1 SAY1 :ILE ! /REETS >E FILL$ ) HOMELESS PEOPLE7 WE %\LD BE W>Y ( ANY /RATEGY ?AT M]ELY APPEALS TO PEOPLE'S GUILT1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE SU* APPEALS G5]ALLY HAVE A NEGLIGIBLE EFFECT BUT BECAUSE SU* MORALISM REPRESSES HEAL?Y POSITIVE ASPIRATIONS4 ,TO REFRA9 FROM CONTE/+ 0QUALITY ( LIFE0 ISSUES BECAUSE ! SY/EM CONT9UES TO PRES5T US ) SURVIVAL EM]G5CIES IS TO SUBMIT TO A BLACKMAIL ?AT NO LONG] HAS ANY JU/IFICATION4 0,BREAD & ROSES0 >E NO LONG] MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE4.<#h.> 

0,QUALITY ( LIFE0 PROJECTS >E 9 FACT (T5 MORE 9SPIR+ ?AN R\T9E POLITICAL & ECONOMIC DEM&S BECAUSE !Y AWAK5 PEOPLE TO RI*] P]SPECTIVES4 ,PAUL ,GOODMAN'S BOOKS >E FULL ( IMAG9ATIVE & (T5 AMUS+ EXAMPLES4 ,IF HIS PROPOSALS >E 0RE=MI/10 !Y >E SO 9 A LIVELY1 PROVOCATIVE WAY ?AT PROVIDES A REFRE%+ CONTRA/ TO ! CR++ DEF5SIVE PO/URE ( MO/ PRES5T-DAY RE=MI/S1 :O CONF9E !MSELVES TO REACT+ TO ! REACTION>IES' AG5DA4 70,WE AGREE ?AT IT IS ESS5TIAL TO CREATE JOBS1 FI<T CRIME1 KEEP \R C\NTRY /RONG2 BUT MOD]ATE ME?ODS WILL ACCOMPLI% ?IS BETT] ?AN ! CONS]VATIVES' EXTREMI/ PROPOSALS407 

,O!R ?+S BE+ EQUAL1 IT MAKES S5SE TO CONC5TRATE ONE'S 5]GY ON ISSUES ?AT >E NOT ALREADY RECEIV+ PUBLIC ATT5TION2 & TO PREF] PROJECTS ?AT CAN BE DONE CLEANLY & DIRECTLY1 AS OPPOS$ TO ?OSE ?AT REQUIRE COMPROMISES1 SU* AS WORK+ ?R\< GOV]NM5T AG5CIES4 ,EV5 IF SU* COMPROMISES DON'T SEEM TOO S]I\S1 !Y SET A BAD PREC$5T4 ,RELIANCE ON ! /ATE ALMO/ ALWAYS BACKFIRES 7COMMISSIONS DESIGN$ TO ROOT \T BUREAUCRATIC CORRUPTION !MSELVES DEVELOP 9TO NEW CORRUPT BUREAUCRACIES2 LAWS DESIGN$ TO ?W>T >M$ REACTION>Y GR\PS 5D UP BE+ US$ PRIM>ILY TO H>ASS UN>M$ RADICALS74 

,! SY/EM IS ABLE TO KILL TWO BIRDS ) ONE /ONE BY MANEUV]+ ITS OPPON5TS 9TO (F]+ 0CON/RUCTIVE SOLUTIONS0 TO ITS [N CRISES4 ,IT 9 FACT NE$S A C]TA9 AM\NT ( OPPOSITION TO W>N IT ( PROBLEMS1 TO =CE IT TO RATIONALIZE ITSELF1 TO 5ABLE IT TO TE/ ITS 9/RUM5TS ( CONTROL1 & TO PROVIDE EXCUSES TO IMPOSE NEW =MS ( CONTROL4 ,EM]G5CY MEASURES IMP]CEPTIBLY BECOME /&>D PROC$URES AS REGULATIONS ?AT MI<T ORD9>ILY BE RESI/$ >E 9TRODUC$ DUR+ SITUATIONS ( PANIC4 ,! SL[1 /EADY RAPE ( ! HUMAN P]SONALITY BY ALL ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ALI5AT$ SOCIETY1 FROM S*OOL & FACTORY TO ADV]TIS+ & URBANISM1 IS MADE TO SEEM NORMAL AS ! SPECTACLE FOCUSES OBSESSIVELY ON S5SATIONAL 9DIVIDUAL CRIMES1 MANIPULAT+ PEOPLE 9TO LAW-&-ORD] HY/]IA4 

,POLITICAL CORRECTNESS1 OR EQUAL OPPORTUNITY ALI5ATION 

,ABOVE ALL1 ! SY/EM ?RIVES :5 IT CAN DEFLECT SOCIAL CONTE/ATION 9TO SQUABBLES OV] PRIVILEG$ POSITIONS )9 IT4 

,?IS IS A P>TICUL>LY ?ORNY >EA4 ,ALL SOCIAL 9EQUALITIES NE$ TO BE *ALL5G$1 NOT ONLY BECAUSE !Y >E UNFAIR1 BUT BECAUSE AS LONG AS !Y REMA9 !Y CAN BE US$ TO DIVIDE PEOPLE4 ,BUT ATTA9+ EQUAL WAGE SLAV]Y OR EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME A BUREAUCRAT OR A CAPITALI/ H>DLY AM\NTS TO ANY VICTORY OV] BUREAUCRATIC CAPITALISM4 

,IT IS BO? NATURAL & NECESS>Y ?AT PEOPLE DEF5D !IR [N 9T]E/S2 BUT IF !Y TRY DO SO BY ID5TIFY+ TOO EXCLUSIVELY ) SOME P>TICUL> SOCIAL GR\P !Y T5D TO LOSE SI<T ( ! L>G] PICTURE4 ,AS 9CREAS+LY FRAGM5T$ CATEGORIES SCRAMBLE OV] ! CRUMBS ALLOTT$ TO !M1 !Y GET CAU<T UP 9 PETTY MUTUAL-BLAME GAMES & ! NOTION ( ABOLI%+ ! :OLE HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE IS =GOTT54 ,PEOPLE :O >E NORMALLY QUICK TO D5\NCE ! SLI<TE/ H9T ( D]OGATORY /]EOTYP+ GET C>RI$ AWAY 9TO LUMP+ ALL M5 OR ALL :ITES AS 0OPPRESSORS10 !N WOND] :Y !Y RUN UP AGA9/ SU* P[]FUL BACKLA%ES AMONG ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! LATT]1 :O >E QUITE AW>E ?AT !Y HAVE LITTLE REAL P[] OV] !IR [N LIVES1 MU* LESS OV] ANYONE ELSE'S4 

,ASIDE FROM ! REACTION>Y DEMAGOGUES 7:O >E PLEASANTLY SURPRIS$ TO F9D 0PROGRESSIVES0 PROVID+ !M ) SU* EASY T>GETS = RIDICULE7 ! ONLY PEOPLE :O ACTUALLY B5EFIT FROM !SE 9T]NEC9E SQUABBLES >E A FEW C>E]I/S /RUGGL+ = BUREAUCRATIC PO/S1 GOV]NM5T GRANTS1 ACADEMIC T5URE1 PUBLI%+ CONTRACTS1 COMM]CIAL CLI5TELES OR POLITICAL CON/ITU5CIES AT A TIME :5 !RE IS 9CREAS+LY LIMIT$ SPACE AT ! TR\<4 ,SNIFF+ \T 0POLITICAL 9CORRECTNESS0 5ABLES !M TO BA% RIVALS & CRITICS & RE9=CE !IR [N POSITIONS AS RECOGNIZ$ SPECIALI/S OR SPOKESPEOPLE ( !IR P>TICUL> FRAGM5T4 ,! V>I\S OPPRESS$ GR\PS ?AT >E FOOLI% 5\< TO ACCEPT SU* SPOKESPEOPLE GET NO?+ BUT ! BITT]SWEET ?RILL ( SELF-RI<TE\S RES5TM5T & A LUDICR\S (FICIAL T]M9OLOGY REM9ISC5T ( ,ORWELL'S ,NEWSPEAK4.<#i.> 

,!RE IS A CRUCIAL1 ?\< SOMETIMES SUBTLE1 DI/9CTION BETWE5 FI<T+ SOCIAL EVILS & FE$+ ON !M4 ,PEOPLE >E NOT EMP[]$ BY BE+ 5C\RAG$ TO WALL[ 9 !IR [N VICTIMHOOD4 ,9DIVIDUAL AUTONOMY IS NOT DEVELOP$ BY TAK+ REFUGE 9 SOME GR\P ID5TITY4 ,EQUAL 9TELLIG5CE IS NOT DEMON/RAT$ BY DISMISS+ LOGICAL REASON+ AS A 0TYPICAL :ITE MALE TACTIC40 ,RADICAL DIALOGUE IS NOT FO/]$ BY H>ASS+ PEOPLE :O DON'T CON=M TO SOME POLITICAL OR?ODOXY1 MU* LESS BY /RIV+ TO GET SU* OR?ODOXY LEGALLY 5=C$4 

,NOR IS HI/ORY MADE BY REWRIT+ IT4 ,WE DO NE$ TO FREE \RSELVES FROM UNCRITICAL RESPECT = ! PA/ & TO BECOME AW>E ( ! WAYS IT HAS BE5 DI/ORT$4 ,BUT WE HAVE TO RECOGNIZE ?AT DESPITE \R DISAPPROVAL ( PA/ PREJUDICES & 9JU/ICES1 IT IS UNLIKELY ?AT WE W\LD HAVE DONE ANY BETT] HAD WE \RSELVES LIV$ UND] ! SAME CONDITIONS4 ,APPLY+ PRES5T-DAY /&>DS RETROACTIVELY 7SMUGLY CORRECT+ E>LI] AU?ORS EV]Y TIME !Y USE ! =M]LY CONV5TIONAL MASCUL9E =MS1 OR TRY+ TO C5SOR ,HUCKLEB]RY ,F9N BECAUSE ,HUCK DOESN'T REF] TO ,JIM AS A 0P]SON ( COLOR07 ONLY RE9=CES ! HI/ORICAL IGNORANCE ?AT ! MOD]N SPECTACLE HAS BE5 SO SUCCESSFUL 9 FO/]+4 

,DRAWBACKS ( MORALISM & SIMPLI/IC EXTREMISM 

,A LOT ( ?IS NONS5SE /EMS FROM ! FALSE ASSUMPTION ?AT BE+ RADICAL IMPLIES LIV+ UP TO SOME MORAL 0PR9CIPLE0 -- AS IF NO ONE C\LD WORK = PEACE )\T BE+ A TOTAL PACIFI/1 OR ADVOCATE ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM )\T GIV+ AWAY ALL !IR MONEY4 ,MO/ PEOPLE HAVE TOO MU* COMMON S5SE TO ACTUALLY FOLL[ SU* SIMPLI/IC IDEALS1 BUT !Y (T5 FEEL VAGUELY GUILTY ?AT !Y DON'T4 ,?IS GUILT P>ALYZES !M & MAKES !M MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO BLACKMAIL BY LEFTI/ MANIPULATORS 7:O TELL US ?AT IF WE DON'T HAVE ! C\RAGE TO M>TYRIZE \RSELVES1 WE MU/ UNCRITICALLY SUPPORT ?OSE :O DO74 ,OR !Y TRY TO REPRESS !IR GUILT BY DISP>AG+ O!RS :O SEEM EV5 MORE COMPROMIS$3 A MANUAL LABOR] MAY TAKE PRIDE 9 NOT SELL+ \T M5TALLY LIKE A PR(ESSOR2 :O P]HAPS FEELS SUP]IOR TO AN AD DESIGN]2 :O MAY 9 TURN LOOK D[N ON SOMEONE :O WORKS 9 ! >MS 9DU/RY444 

,TURN+ SOCIAL PROBLEMS 9TO P]SONAL MORAL ISSUES DEFLECTS ATT5TION FROM !IR POT5TIAL SOLUTION4 ,TRY+ TO *ANGE SOCIAL CONDITIONS BY *>ITY IS LIKE TRY+ TO RAISE ! SEA LEVEL BY DUMP+ BUCKETS ( WAT] 9 ! OCEAN4 ,EV5 IF SOME GOOD IS ACCOMPLI%$ BY ALTRUI/IC ACTIONS1 TO RELY ON !M AS A G5]AL /RATEGY IS FUTILE BECAUSE !Y WILL ALWAYS BE ! EXCEPTION4 ,MO/ PEOPLE NATURALLY LOOK \T FIR/ = !MSELVES & = ?OSE CLOSE/ TO !M4 ,ONE ( ! M]ITS ( ! SITUATIONI/S WAS TO HAVE CUT ?R\< ! TRADITIONAL LEFTI/ APPEAL TO GUILT & SELF-SACRIFICE BY /RESS+ ?AT ! PRIM>Y REASON TO MAKE A REVOLUTION IS = \RSELVES4 

0,GO+ TO ! PEOPLE0 9 ORD] TO 0S]VE0 OR 0ORGANIZE0 OR 0RADICALIZE0 !M USUALLY LEADS TO MANIPULATION & (T5 MEETS ) APA?Y OR HO/ILITY4 ,! EXAMPLE ( O!RS' 9DEP5D5T ACTIONS IS A F> /RONG] & HEAL?I] MEANS ( 9SPIRATION4 ,ONCE PEOPLE BEG9 TO ACT ON !IR [N !Y >E 9 A BETT] POSITION TO EX*ANGE EXP]I5CES1 TO COLLABORATE ON EQUAL T]MS &1 IF NECESS>Y1 TO ASK = SPECIFIC ASSI/ANCE4 ,& :5 !Y W9 !IR [N FRE$OM IT'S MU* H>D] TO TAKE IT BACK FROM !M4 ,ONE ( ! ,MAY #aifh GRAFFITI/S WROTE3 0,I'M NOT A S]VANT ( ! PEOPLE 7MU* LESS ( !IR SELF-APPO9T$ LEAD]S7 -- LET ! PEOPLE S]VE !MSELVES40 ,ANO!R PUT IT EV5 MORE SUCC9CTLY3 0,DON'T LIB]ATE ME -- ,I'LL TAKE C>E ( ?AT40 

,A TOTAL CRITIQUE MEANS ?AT EV]Y?+ IS CALL$ 9TO QUE/ION1 NOT ?AT EV]Y?+ MU/ BE TOTALLY OPPOS$4 ,RADICALS (T5 =GET ?IS & GET CAU<T UP 9 \TBIDD+ EA* O!R ) 9CREAS+LY EXTREMI/ ASS]TIONS1 IMPLY+ ?AT ANY COMPROMISE AM\NTS TO SELL+ \T OR EV5 ?AT ANY 5JOYM5T AM\NTS TO COMPLICITY ) ! SY/EM4 ,ACTUALLY1 BE+ 0=0 OR 0AGA9/0 SOME POLITICAL POSITION IS JU/ AS EASY1 & USUALLY JU/ AS MEAN+LESS1 AS BE+ = OR AGA9/ SOME SPORTS TEAM4 ,?OSE :O PR\DLY PROCLAIM !IR 0TOTAL OPPOSITION0 TO ALL COMPROMISE1 ALL AU?ORITY1 ALL ORGANIZATION1 ALL !ORY1 ALL TE*NOLOGY1 ETC41 USUALLY TURN \T TO HAVE NO REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE :ATSOEV] -- NO PRACTICAL CONCEPTION ( H[ ! PRES5T SY/EM MI<T BE OV]?R[N OR H[ A PO/REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY MI<T WORK4 ,SOME EV5 ATTEMPT TO JU/IFY ?IS LACK BY DECL>+ ?AT A M]E REVOLUTION C\LD NEV] BE RADICAL 5\< TO SATISFY !IR ET]NAL ONTOLOGICAL REBELLI\SNESS4 

,SU* ALL-OR-NO?+ BOMBA/ MAY TEMPOR>ILY IMPRESS A FEW SPECTATORS1 BUT ITS ULTIMATE EFFECT IS SIMPLY TO MAKE PEOPLE BLASE4 ,SOON] OR LAT] ! CONTRADICTIONS & HYPOCRISIES LEAD TO DISILLUSIONM5T & RESIGNATION4 ,PROJECT+ !IR [N DISAPPO9T$ DELUSIONS ONTO ! WORLD1 ! =M] EXTREMI/S CONCLUDE ?AT ALL RADICAL *ANGE IS HOPELESS & REPRESS ! :OLE EXP]I5CE2 OR P]HAPS EV5 FLIP TO SOME EQUALLY SILLY REACTION>Y POSITION4 

,IF EV]Y RADICAL HAD TO BE A ,DURRUTI WE MI<T AS WELL =GET IT & DEVOTE \RSELVES TO MORE REALIZABLE CONC]NS4 ,BUT BE+ RADICAL DOES NOT MEAN BE+ ! MO/ EXTREME4 ,9 ITS ORIG9AL S5SE IT SIMPLY MEANS GO+ TO ! ROOT4 ,! REASON IT IS NECESS>Y TO /RIVE = ! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE IS NOT BECAUSE ?IS IS ! MO/ EXTREME GOAL IMAG9ABLE1 BUT BECAUSE IT HAS UN=TUNATELY BECOME EVID5T ?AT NO?+ LESS WILL DO4 

,WE NE$ TO F9D \T :AT IS BO? NECESS>Y & SUFFICI5T2 TO SEEK PROJECTS ?AT WE >E ACTUALLY CAPABLE ( DO+ & REALI/ICALLY LIKELY TO DO4 ,ANY?+ BEYOND ?IS IS JU/ HOT AIR4 ,MANY ( ! OLDE/ & /ILL MO/ EFFECTIVE RADICAL TACTICS -- DEBATES1 CRITIQUES1 BOYCOTTS1 /RIKES1 SIT-9S1 WORK]S C\NCILS -- CAU<T ON PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y >E AT ONCE SIMPLE1 RELATIVELY SAFE1 WIDELY APPLICABLE1 & OP5-5D$ 5\< TO LEAD TO BROAD] POSSIBILITIES4 

,SIMPLI/IC EXTREMISM NATURALLY SEEKS ! MO/ EXTREMI/ FOIL = ITSELF4 ,IF ALL PROBLEMS CAN BE ATTRIBUT$ TO A S9I/] CLIQUE ( 0TOTAL FASCI/S10 EV]Y?+ ELSE WILL SEEM COM=T+LY PROGRESSIVE BY COMP>ISON4 ,MEAN:ILE ! ACTUAL =MS ( MOD]N DOM9ATION1 :I* >E USUALLY MORE SUBTLE1 PROCE$ UNNOTIC$ & UNOPPOS$4 

,FIXAT+ ON REACTION>IES ONLY RE9=CES !M1 MAKES !M SEEM MORE P[]FUL & MORE FASC9AT+4 0,IT MATT]S LITTLE IF \R OPPON5TS MOCK US OR 9SULT US1 IF !Y REPRES5T US AS CL[NS OR CRIM9ALS2 ! ESS5TIAL ?+ IS ?AT !Y TALK ( US1 PREOCCUPY !MSELVES ) US0 7,HITL]74 ,REI* PO9T$ \T ?AT 0BY DRILL+ PEOPLE TO HATE ! POLICE ONE ONLY /R5G!NS POLICE AU?ORITY & 9VE/S IT ) MY/IC P[] 9 ! EYES ( ! POOR & ! HELPLESS4 ,! /RONG >E HAT$ BUT ALSO FE>$ & 5VI$ & FOLL[$4 ,?IS FE> & 5VY FELT BY ! 'HAVE-NOTS' ACC\NTS = A PORTION ( ! POLITICAL REACTION>IES' P[]4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 OBJECTIVES ( ! RATIONAL /RUGGLE = FRE$OM IS TO DIS>M REACTION>IES BY EXPOS+ ! ILLUSION>Y *>ACT] ( !IR P[]0 7,PEOPLE 9 ,TR\BLE74 

,! MA9 PROBLEM ) COMPROMIS+ IS NOT SO MU* MORAL AS PRACTICAL3 IT'S DIFFICULT TO ATTACK SOME?+ :5 WE \RSELVES >E IMPLICAT$ 9 IT4 ,WE H$GE \R CRITIQUES LE/ O!RS CRITICIZE US 9 TURN4 ,IT BECOMES H>D] TO ?9K BIG1 TO ACT BOLDLY4 ,AS HAS (T5 BE5 NOT$1 MANY ( ! ,G]MAN PEOPLE ACQUIESC$ TO ,NAZI OPPRESSION BECAUSE IT BEGAN FAIRLY GRADUALLY & WAS AT FIR/ DIRECT$ MA9LY AT UNPOPUL> M9ORITIES 7,JEWS1 ,GYPSIES1 ,COMMUNI/S1 HOMOSEXUALS72 BY ! TIME IT BEGAN AFFECT+ ! G5]AL POPULATION1 !Y HAD BECOME 9CAPABLE ( DO+ ANY?+ AB\T IT4 

,9 H9DSI<T IT'S EASY TO CONDEMN ?OSE :O CAPITULAT$ TO FASCISM OR ,/AL9ISM1 BUT IT'S UNLIKELY ?AT MO/ ( US W\LD HAVE DONE ANY BETT] HAD WE BE5 9 ! SAME POSITION4 ,9 \R DAYDREAMS1 PICTUR+ \RSELF AS A DRAMATIC P]SONAGE FAC$ ) A CLE>-CUT *OICE 9 FRONT ( AN APPRECIATIVE AUDI5CE1 WE IMAG9E ?AT WE W\LD HAVE NO TR\BLE MAK+ ! RI<T DECISION4 ,BUT ! SITUATIONS WE ACTUALLY FACE >E USUALLY MORE COMPLEX & OBSCURE4 ,IT'S NOT ALWAYS EASY TO KN[ :]E TO DRAW ! L9E4 

,! PO9T IS TO DRAW IT SOME:]E1 /OP WORRY+ AB\T GUILT & BLAME & SELF-JU/IFICATION1 & TAKE ! (F5SIVE4 

,ADVANTAGES ( BOLDNESS 

,?IS SPIRIT IS WELL EXEMPLIFI$ BY ?OSE ,ITALIAN WORK]S :O HAVE GONE ON /RIKE )\T MAK+ ANY DEM&S :ATSOEV]4 ,SU* /RIKES >E NOT ONLY MORE 9T]E/+ ?AN ! USUAL BUREAUCRATIC UNION NEGOTIATIONS1 !Y MAY EV5 BE MORE EFFECTIVE3 ! BOSSES1 UNC]TA9 ( H[ F> !Y HAVE TO GO1 FREQU5TLY 5D UP (F]+ MU* MORE ?AN ! /RIK]S W\LD HAVE D>$ TO DEM&4 ,! LATT] CAN !N DECIDE ON !IR NEXT MOVE )\T HAV+ COMMITT$ !MSELVES TO ANY?+ 9 RETURN4 

,A DEF5SIVE REACTION AGA9/ ?IS OR ?AT SOCIAL SYMPTOM AT BE/ W9S SOME TEMPOR>Y CONCESSION ON ! SPECIFIC ISSUE4 ,AGGRESSIVE AGITATION ?AT REFUSES TO LIMIT ITSELF EX]TS F> MORE PRESSURE4 ,FAC$ ) WIDESPREAD1 UNPR$ICTABLE MOVEM5TS LIKE ! SIXTIES C\NT]CULTURE OR ! ,MAY #aifh REVOLT -- MOVEM5TS CALL+ EV]Y?+ 9 QUE/ION1 G5]AT+ AUTONOM\S CONTE/ATIONS ON MANY FRONTS1 ?REAT5+ TO SPREAD ?R\<\T ! :OLE SOCIETY & TOO VA/ TO BE CONTROLL$ BY COOPTABLE LEAD]S -- RUL]S HA/5 TO CLEAN UP !IR IMAGE1 PASS RE=MS1 RAISE WAGES1 RELEASE PRISON]S1 DECL>E AMNE/IES1 9ITIATE PEACE TALKS -- ANY?+ 9 ! HOPE ( PREEMPT+ ! MOVEM5T & REE/ABLI%+ !IR CONTROL4 7,! %E] UNMANAGEABILITY ( ! ,AM]ICAN C\NT]CULTURE1 :I* WAS SPREAD+ DEEPLY 9TO ! >MY ITSELF1 PROBABLY PLAY$ AS GREAT A ROLE AS ! EXPLICIT ANTIW> MOVEM5T 9 =C+ ! 5D ( ! ,VIETNAM W>47 

,! SIDE ?AT TAKES ! 9ITIATIVE DEF9ES ! T]MS ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,AS LONG AS IT KEEPS 9NOVAT+1 IT ALSO RETA9S ! ELEM5T ( SURPRISE4 0,BOLDNESS IS VIRTUALLY A CREATIVE P[]444 ,:5EV] BOLDNESS MEETS HESITATION IT ALREADY HAS A SIGNIFICANT ADVANTAGE BECAUSE ! V]Y /ATE ( HESITATION IMPLIES A LOSS ( EQUILIBRIUM4 ,IT IS ONLY :5 IT 5C\NT]S CAUTI\S =ESI<T ?AT IT IS AT A DISADVANTAGE0 7,CLAUSEWITZ1 ,ON ,W>74 ,BUT CAUTI\S =ESI<T IS QUITE R>E AMONG ?OSE :O RUN ?IS SOCIETY4 ,MO/ ( ! SY/EM'S PROCESSES ( COMMODIFICATION1 SPECTACUL>IZATION & HI]>*IZATION >E BL9D & AUTOMATIC3 M]*ANTS1 M$IA & LEAD]S M]ELY FOLL[ !IR NATURAL T5D5CIES TO MAKE MONEY OR GRAB AUDI5CES OR RECRUIT FOLL[]S4 

,SPECTACLE SOCIETY IS (T5 ! VICTIM ( ITS [N FALSIFICATIONS4 ,AS EA* LEVEL ( BUREAUCRACY TRIES TO COV] = ITSELF ) PADD$ /ATI/ICS1 AS EA* 09=MATION S\RCE0 \TBIDS ! O!RS ) MORE S5SATIONAL /ORIES1 & AS COMPET+ /ATES1 GOV]NM5TAL DEP>TM5TS & PRIVATE COMPANIES EA* LAUN* !IR [N 9DEP5D5T DIS9=MATION OP]ATIONS 7SEE *APT]S #af & #c ( ,DEBORD'S ,COMM5TS ON ! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE71 EV5 ! EXCEPTIONAL RUL] :O MAY HAVE SOME LUCIDITY HAS A H>D TIME F9D+ \T :AT IS REALLY HAPP5+4 ,AS ,DEBORD OBS]VES ELSE:]E 9 ! SAME BOOK1 A /ATE ?AT 5DS UP REPRESS+ ITS [N HI/ORICAL KN[L$GE CAN NO LONG] CONDUCT ITSELF /RATEGICALLY4 

,ADVANTAGES & LIMITS ( NONVIOL5CE 

0,! :OLE HI/ORY ( ! PROGRESS ( HUMAN LIB]TY %[S ?AT ALL CONCESSIONS YET MADE TO H] AUGU/ CLAIMS HAVE BE5 BORN ( /RUGGLE444 ,IF !RE IS NO /RUGGLE !RE IS NO PROGRESS4 ,?OSE :O PR(ESS TO FAVOR FRE$OM & YET DEPRECATE AGITATION1 >E M5 :O WANT CROPS )\T PL[+ UP ! GR\ND4 ,!Y WANT RA9 )\T ?UND] & LI<TN+4 ,!Y WANT ! OCEAN )\T ! AWFUL RO> ( ITS MANY WAT]S4 ,! /RUGGLE MAY BE A MORAL ONE2 OR IT MAY BE A PHYSICAL ONE2 OR IT MAY BE BO? MORAL & PHYSICAL1 BUT IT MU/ BE A /RUGGLE4 ,P[] CONC$ES NO?+ )\T A DEM&4 ,IT NEV] DID & IT NEV] WILL40 

-- ,FR$]ICK ,D\GLASS 

,ANYONE ) ANY KN[L$GE ( HI/ORY IS AW>E ?AT SOCIETIES DO NOT *ANGE )\T /UBBORN & (T5 SAVAGE RESI/ANCE BY ?OSE 9 P[]4 ,IF \R ANCE/ORS HAD NOT RESORT$ TO VIOL5T REVOLT1 MO/ ( ?OSE :O N[ SELF-RI<TE\SLY DEPLORE IT W\LD /ILL BE S]FS OR SLAVES4 

,! R\T9E FUNCTION+ ( ?IS SOCIETY IS F> MORE VIOL5T ?AN ANY REACTION AGA9/ IT C\LD EV] BE4 ,IMAG9E ! \TRAGE ?AT W\LD GREET A RADICAL MOVEM5T ?AT EXECUT$ #b1 OPPON5TS2 ?AT'S A CONS]VATIVE E/IMATE ( ! NUMB] ( *ILDR5 ?AT ! PRES5T SY/EM ALL[S TO />VE TO DEA? EA* DAY4 ,VACILLATIONS & COMPROMISES ALL[ ?IS ONGO+ VIOL5CE TO DRAG ON 9DEF9ITELY1 ULTIMATELY CAUS+ A ?\S& TIMES MORE SUFF]+ ?AN A S+LE DECISIVE REVOLUTION4 

,=TUNATELY A MOD]N1 G5U9ELY MAJORITY REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE RELATIVELY LITTLE NE$ = VIOL5CE EXCEPT TO NEUTRALIZE ?OSE ELEM5TS ( ! RUL+ M9ORITY :O TRY TO VIOL5TLY MA9TA9 !IR [N P[]4 

,VIOL5CE IS NOT ONLY UNDESIRABLE 9 ITSELF1 IT G5]ATES PANIC 7& ?US MANIPULABILITY7 & PROMOTES MILIT>I/IC 7& ?US HI]>*ICAL7 ORGANIZATION4 ,NONVIOL5CE 5TAILS MORE OP5 & DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATION2 IT T5DS TO FO/] COMPOSURE & COMPASSION & TO BREAK ! MIS]ABLE CYCLE ( HATR$ & REV5GE4 

,BUT WE HAVE TO AVOID MAK+ A FETI% \T ( IT4 ,! COMMON RETORT1 0,H[ CAN Y\ WORK = PEACE ) VIOL5T ME?ODS80 IS NO MORE LOGICAL ?AN IT W\LD BE TO TELL A DR[N+ MAN ?AT IF HE WANTS TO GET TO DRY L& HE MU/ AVOID T\*+ WAT]4 ,/RIV+ TO RESOLVE 0MISUND]/&+S0 ?R\< DIALOGUE1 PACIFI/S =GET ?AT SOME PROBLEMS >E BAS$ ON OBJECTIVE CONFLICTS ( 9T]E/4 ,!Y T5D TO UND]E/IMATE ! MALICE ( 5EMIES :ILE EXAGG]AT+ !IR [N GUILT1 B]AT+ !MSELVES EV5 = !IR 0VIOL5T FEEL+S40 ,! SEEM+LY P]SONAL PRACTICE ( 0BE>+ WITNESS0 ACTUALLY R$UCES ! ACTIVI/ TO A PASSIVE OBJECT1 0ANO!R P]SON = PEACE0 :O 7LIKE A SOLDI]7 PUTS H] BODY ON ! L9E :ILE ABDICAT+ P]SONAL 9VE/IGATION OR EXP]IM5TATION4 ,?OSE :O WANT TO UND]M9E ! NOTION ( W> AS EXCIT+ & H]OIC MU/ GET BEYOND SU* A CR++1 BEGG>LY NOTION ( PEACE4 ,DEF9+ !IR OBJECTIVE AS SURVIVAL1 PEACE ACTIVI/S HAVE HAD LITTLE TO SAY TO ?OSE :O >E FASC9AT$ BY GLOBAL ANNIHILATION PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y >E SICK ( AN EV]YDAY LIFE R$UC$ TO M]E SURVIVAL1 :O SEE W> NOT AS A ?REAT BUT AS A WELCOME DELIV]ANCE FROM A LIFE ( BOR$OM & CON/ANT PETTY ANXIETY4 

,S5S+ ?AT !IR PURISM W\LD NOT HOLD UP UND] ! TE/ ( REALITY1 PACIFI/S USUALLY REMA9 DELIB]ATELY IGNORANT AB\T PA/ & PRES5T SOCIAL /RUGGLES4 ,?\< (T5 CAPABLE ( 9T5SIVE /UDY & /OIC SELF-DISCIPL9E 9 !IR P]SONAL SPIRITUAL PRACTICES1 !Y SEEM TO FEEL ?AT A ,READ]'S ,DIGE/ LEVEL ( HI/ORICAL & /RATEGICAL KN[L$GE WILL SUFFICE = !IR V5TURES 9TO 0SOCIAL 5GAGEM5T40 ,LIKE SOMEONE HOP+ TO ELIM9ATE 9JURI\S FALLS BY ABOLI%+ ! LAW ( GRAVITY1 !Y F9D IT SIMPL] TO 5VISION A NEV]-5D+ MORAL /RUGGLE AGA9/ 0GRE$10 0HATR$10 0IGNORANCE10 0BIGOTRY10 ?AN TO *ALL5GE ! SPECIFIC SOCIAL /RUCTURES ?AT ACTUALLY RE9=CE SU* QUALITIES4 ,IF PRESS$1 !Y SOMETIMES COMPLA9 ?AT RADICAL CONTE/ATION IS A V]Y /RESSFUL T]RA94 ,IT IS 9DE$1 BUT ?IS IS A /RANGE OBJECTION TO HE> FROM ?OSE :OSE SPIRITUAL PRACTICES CLAIM TO 5ABLE PEOPLE TO CONFRONT PROBLEMS ) DETA*M5T & EQUANIMITY4 

,!RE'S A WOND]FUL MOM5T 9 ,UNCLE ,TOM'S ,CAB93 ,AS A ,QUAK] FAMILY IS HELP+ SOME SLAVES ESCAPE TO ,CANADA1 A ,S\!RN SLAVE CAT*] APPE>S4 ,ONE ( ! ,QUAK]S PO9TS A %OTGUN AT HIM & SAYS1 0,FRI5D1 !E ISN'T WANT$ H]E40 ,I ?9K ?AT'S JU/ ! RI<T TONE3 NOT CAU<T UP 9 HATR$1 OR EV5 CONTEMPT1 BUT READY TO DO :AT IS NECESS>Y 9 A GIV5 SITUATION4 

,REACTIONS AGA9/ OPPRESSORS >E UND]/&ABLE1 BUT ?OSE :O GET TOO CAU<T UP 9 !M RISK BECOM+ M5TALLY AS WELL AS MAT]IALLY 5SLAV$1 *A9$ TO !IR MA/]S BY 0BONDS ( HATE40 ,HATR$ ( BOSSES IS P>TLY A PROJECTION ( PEOPLE'S SELF-HATR$ = ALL ! HUMILIATIONS & COMPROMISES !Y HAVE ACCEPT$1 /EMM+ FROM !IR SECRET AW>5ESS ?AT BOSSES ULTIMATELY EXI/ ONLY BECAUSE ! BOSS$ PUT UP ) !M4 ,EV5 IF !RE IS SOME T5D5CY = ! SCUM TO RISE TO ! TOP1 MO/ PEOPLE 9 POSITIONS ( P[] DON'T ACT MU* DIFF]5TLY ?AN W\LD ANYONE ELSE :O HAPP5$ TO F9D !MSELVES 9 ! SAME POSITION1 ) ! SAME NEW 9T]E/S1 TEMPTATIONS & FE>S4 

,VIGOR\S RETALIATION MAY TEA* 5EMY =CES TO RESPECT Y\1 BUT IT ALSO T5DS TO P]PETUATE ANTAGONISMS4 ,=GIV5ESS SOMETIMES W9S OV] 5EMIES1 BUT 9 O!R CASES IT SIMPLY GIVES !M A *ANCE TO RECOV] & /RIKE AGA94 ,IT'S NOT ALWAYS EASY TO DET]M9E :I* POLICY IS BE/ 9 :I* CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,PEOPLE :O HAVE SUFF]$ UND] P>TICUL>LY VICI\S REGIMES NATURALLY WANT TO SEE ! P]PETRATORS PUNI%$2 BUT TOO MU* REV5GE S5DS A MESSAGE TO O!R PRES5T & FUTURE OPPRESSORS ?AT !Y MAY AS WELL FI<T TO ! DEA? S9CE !Y HAVE NO?+ TO LOSE4 

,BUT MO/ PEOPLE1 EV5 ?OSE :O HAVE BE5 MO/ BLAMABLY COMPLICIT\S ) ! SY/EM1 WILL T5D TO GO :I*EV] WAY ! W9D BL[S4 ,! BE/ DEF5SE AGA9/ C\NT]REVOLUTION IS NOT TO BE PREOCCUPI$ ) SNIFF+ \T PEOPLE'S PA/ (F5SES OR POT5TIAL FUTURE BETRAYALS1 BUT TO DEEP5 ! 9SURG5CE TO ! PO9T ?AT EV]YONE IS DRAWN 94 

,*APT] #c3 ,CLIMAXES 

0,AS SOON AS ! RELATIONS ( EXPLOITATION & ! VIOL5CE ?AT UND]LIES !M >E NO LONG] CONCEAL$ BY ! MY/ICAL VEIL1 !RE IS A BREAK?R\<1 A MOM5T ( CL>ITY1 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ALI5ATION IS SUDD5LY REVEAL$ AS A RU?LESS H&-TO-H& FI<T ) NAK$ P[]1 P[] EXPOS$ 9 ITS BRUTE =CE & ITS WEAKNESS1 A VULN]ABLE GIANT 444 SUBLIME MOM5T :5 ! COMPLEXITY ( ! WORLD BECOMES TANGIBLE1 TRANSP>5T1 )9 EV]YONE'S GRASP40 

-- ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM1 ,BASIC ,BANALITIES 7,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 P4 #ic .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION P4 #a#b#a.>7 

,CAUSES ( SOCIAL BREAK?R\<S 

,IT'S H>D TO G5]ALIZE AB\T ! IMM$IATE CAUSES ( RADICAL BREAK?R\<S4 ,!RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 PL5TY ( GOOD REASONS TO REVOLT1 & SOON] OR LAT] 9/ABILITIES WILL >ISE :]E SOME?+ HAS TO GIVE4 ,BUT :Y AT ONE MOM5T & NOT ANO!R8 ,REVOLTS HAVE (T5 OCCURR$ DUR+ P]IODS ( SOCIAL IMPROVEM5T1 :ILE WORSE CONDITIONS HAVE BE5 5DUR$ ) RESIGNATION4 ,IF SOME HAVE BE5 PROVOK$ BY %E] DESP]ATION1 O!RS HAVE BE5 T\*$ (F BY RELATIVELY TRIVIAL 9CID5TS4 ,GRIEVANCES ?AT HAVE BE5 PATI5TLY ACCEPT$ AS LONG AS !Y SEEM$ 9EVITABLE MAY SUDD5LY SEEM 9TOL]ABLE ONCE IT APPE>S POSSIBLE TO REMOVE !M4 ,! MEANNESS ( SOME REPRESSIVE MEASURE OR ! AS99ITY ( SOME BUREAUCRATIC BLUND] MAY BR+ HOME ! ABSURDITY ( ! SY/EM MORE CLE>LY ?AN A /EADY ACCUMULATION ( OPPRESSIONS4 

,! SY/EM'S P[] IS BAS$ ON PEOPLE'S BELIEF 9 !IR P[]LESSNESS TO OPPOSE IT4 ,NORMALLY ?IS BELIEF IS WELL F\ND$ 7TRANSGRESS ! RULES & Y\ >E PUNI%$74 ,BUT :5 = ONE REASON OR ANO!R 5\< PEOPLE BEG9 TO IGNORE ! RULES ?AT !Y CAN DO SO ) IMPUNITY1 ! :OLE ILLUSION COLLAPSES4 ,:AT WAS ?\<T TO BE NATURAL & 9EVITABLE IS SE5 TO BE >BITR>Y & ABSURD4 0,:5 NO ONE OBEYS1 NO ONE COMM&S40 

,! PROBLEM IS H[ TO REA* ?IS PO9T4 ,IF ONLY A FEW DISOBEY1 !Y CAN EASILY BE ISOLAT$ & REPRESS$4 ,PEOPLE (T5 FANTASIZE AB\T WOND]FUL ?+S ?AT MI<T BE A*IEV$ 0IF ONLY EV]YONE W\LD AGREE TO DO SU* & SU* ALL AT ONCE40 ,UN=TUNATELY1 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS DON'T USUALLY WORK ?AT WAY4 ,ONE P]SON ) A SIX-GUN CAN HOLD (F A HUNDR$ UN>M$ PEOPLE BECAUSE EA* ONE KN[S ?AT ! FIR/ SIX TO ATTACK WILL BE KILL$4 

,( C\RSE SOME PEOPLE MAY BE SO 9FURIAT$ ?AT !Y ATTACK REG>DLESS ( RISK2 & !IR APP>5T DET]M9ATION MAY EV5 SAVE !M BY CONV9C+ ?OSE 9 P[] ?AT IT'S WIS] TO GIVE 9 PEACEFULLY ?AN TO BE OV]:ELM$ AFT] >\S+ EV5 MORE HATR$ AGA9/ !MSELVES4 ,BUT IT IS OBVI\SLY PREF]ABLE NOT TO DEP5D ON ACTS ( DESP]ATION1 BUT TO SEEK =MS ( /RUGGLE ?AT M9IMIZE RISK UNTIL A MOVEM5T HAS SPREAD SO F> ?AT REPRESSION IS NO LONG] FEASIBLE4 

,PEOPLE LIV+ UND] P>TICUL>LY REPRESSIVE REGIMES NATURALLY BEG9 BY TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( :ATEV] RALLY+ PO9TS ALREADY EXI/4 ,9 #ai< ! ,IRANIAN MOSQUES W]E ! ONLY PLACE PEOPLE C\LD GET AWAY ) CRITICIZ+ ! ,%AH'S REGIME4 ,!N ! HUGE DEMON/RATIONS CALL$ BY ,KHOME9I AT #d-DAY 9T]VALS BEGAN PROVID+ ! SAFETY ( NUMB]S4 ,KHOME9I ?US BECAME RECOGNIZ$ AS A G5]AL SYMBOL ( OPPOSITION1 EV5 BY ?OSE :O W]E NOT HIS FOLL[]S4 ,BUT TOL]AT+ ANY LEAD]1 EV5 AS A M]E FIGUREHEAD1 IS AT BE/ A TEMPOR>Y MEASURE ?AT %\LD BE AB&ON$ AS SOON AS MORE 9DEP5D5T ACTION BECOMES POSSIBLE -- AS DID ?OSE ,IRANIAN OIL WORK]S :O BY FALL #ai< FELT !Y HAD 5\< LEV]AGE TO /RIKE ON DAYS DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE CALL$ = BY ,KHOME9I4 

,! ,CA?OLIC ,*UR* 9 ,/AL9I/ ,POL& PLAY$ A SIMIL>LY AMBIGU\S ROLE3 ! /ATE US$ ! ,*UR* TO HELP CONTROL ! PEOPLE1 BUT ! PEOPLE ALSO US$ ! ,*UR* TO HELP !M GET >\ND ! /ATE4 

,FANATICAL OR?ODOXY IS SOMETIMES ! FIR/ /EP T[>D MORE RADICAL SELF-EXPRESSION4 ,ISLAMIC FUNDAM5TALI/S MAY BE EXTREMELY REACTION>Y1 BUT BY GETT+ US$ TO TAK+ EV5TS 9 !IR [N H&S !Y COMPLICATE ANY RETURN TO 0ORD]0 & MAY EV51 IF DISILLUSION$1 BECOME G5U9ELY RADICAL -- AS HAPP5$ ) SOME ( ! SIMIL>LY FANATICAL ,R$ ,GU>DS DUR+ ! ,*9ESE 0,CULTURAL ,REVOLUTION10 :5 :AT WAS ORIG9ALLY A M]E PLOY BY ,MAO TO LEV] \T SOME ( HIS BUREAUCRATIC RIVALS EV5TUALLY L$ TO UNCONTROLL$ 9SURG5CY BY MILLIONS ( Y\NG PEOPLE :O TOOK HIS ANTIBUREAUCRATIC RHETORIC S]I\SLY4.<#a.> 

,PO/W> UPHEAVALS 

,IF SOMEONE PROCLAIM$3 0,I AM ! GREATE/1 /RONGE/1 NOBLE/1 CLEV]E/1 & MO/ PEACE-LOV+ P]SON 9 ! WORLD10 HE W\LD BE CONSID]$ OBNOXI\S1 IF NOT 9SANE4 ,BUT IF HE SAYS PRECISELY ! SAME ?+S AB\T HIS C\NTRY HE IS LOOK$ UPON AS AN ADMIRABLY PATRIOTIC CITIZ54 ,PATRIOTISM IS EXTREMELY S$UCTIVE BECAUSE IT 5ABLES EV5 ! MO/ MIS]ABLE 9DIVIDUAL TO 9DULGE 9 A VIC>I\S COLLECTIVE N>CISSISM4 ,! NATURAL NO/ALGIC FONDNESS = ONE'S HOME & SURR\ND+S IS TRANS=M$ 9TO A M9DLESS CULT ( ! /ATE4 ,PEOPLE'S FE>S & RES5TM5TS >E PROJECT$ ONTO =EIGN]S :ILE !IR FRU/RAT$ ASPIRATIONS = AU!NTIC COMMUNITY >E MY/ICALLY PROJECT$ ONTO !IR [N NATION1 :I* IS SE5 AS SOMEH[ ESS5TIALLY WOND]FUL DESPITE ALL ITS DEFECTS4 70,YES1 ,AM]ICA HAS ITS PROBLEMS2 BUT :AT WE >E FI<T+ = IS ! REAL ,AM]ICA1 :AT ,AM]ICA REALLY /&S =407 ,?IS MY/ICAL H]D-CONSCI\SNESS BECOMES ALMO/ IRRESI/IBLE DUR+ W>1 SMO!R+ VIRTUALLY ALL RADICAL T5D5CIES4 

,YET PATRIOTISM HAS SOMETIMES PLAY$ A ROLE 9 TRIGG]+ RADICAL /RUGGLES 7E4G4 ,HUNG>Y #a#i#e#f74 ,& EV5 W>S HAVE SOMETIMES L$ TO REVOLTS 9 ! AFT]MA?4 ,?OSE :O HAVE BORNE ! GREATE/ %>E ( ! MILIT>Y BURD51 SUPPOS$LY 9 ! NAME ( FRE$OM & DEMOCRACY1 MAY RETURN HOME TO DEM& A FAIR] %>E = !MSELVES4 ,SEE+ HI/ORIC /RUGGLE 9 ACTION & ACQUIR+ ! HABIT ( DEAL+ ) OB/ACLES BY DE/ROY+ !M1 !Y MAY BE LESS 9CL9$ TO BELIEVE 9 A *ANGELESS /ATUS QUO4 

,! DISLOCATIONS & DISILLUSIONM5TS PRODUC$ BY ,WORLD ,W> ,I L$ TO UPRIS+S ALL OV] ,EUROPE4 ,IF ,WORLD ,W> ,I,I DID NOT DO ! SAME1 IT WAS BECAUSE G5U9E RADICALISM HAD S9CE BE5 DE/ROY$ BY ,/AL9ISM1 FASCISM & RE=MISM2 BECAUSE ! VICTORS' RATIONALES = ! W>1 ?\< FULL ( LIES AS ALWAYS1 W]E MORE CR$IBLE ?AN USUAL 7! DEFEAT$ 5EMIES W]E MORE OBVI\S VILLA9S72 & BECAUSE ?IS TIME ! VICTORS HAD TAK5 C>E TO WORK \T ! PO/W> REE/ABLI%M5T ( ORD] 9 ADVANCE 7EA/]N ,EUROPE WAS H&$ OV] TO ,/AL9 9 EX*ANGE = HIS GU>ANTEE+ ! DOCILITY ( ! ,FR5* & ,ITALIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES & HIS AB&ONM5T ( ! 9SURG5T ,GREEK ,C,P74 ,NEV]!LESS ! GLOBAL JOLT ( ! W> WAS SUFFICI5T TO OP5 ! WAY = AN AUTONOM\S ,/AL9I/ REVOLUTION 9 ,*9A 7:I* ,/AL9 HAD NOT WANT$1 AS ?IS ?REAT5$ HIS EXCLUSIVE DOM9ATION ( ! 0SOCIALI/ CAMP07 & TO GIVE A NEW IMPETUS TO ! ANTICOLONIAL MOVEM5TS 7:I* ! ,EUROPEAN COLONIAL P[]S NATURALLY DID NOT WANT1 ?\< !Y W]E EV5TUALLY ABLE TO RETA9 ! MORE PR(ITABLE ASPECTS ( !IR DOM9ATION ?R\< ! SORT ( ECONOMIC NEOCOLONIALISM ?AT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS ALREADY PRACTIC+74 

,FAC$ ) ! PROSPECT ( A PO/W> P[] VACUUM1 RUL]S (T5 COLLABORATE ) !IR O/5SIBLE 5EMIES 9 ORD] TO REPRESS !IR [N PEOPLE4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! ,FRANCO-,G]MAN W> ( #a#h#g-#g#a ! VICTORI\S ,G]MAN >MY HELP$ SURR\ND ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE1 5ABL+ ! ,FR5* RUL]S TO CRU% IT MORE EASILY4 ,AS ,/AL9'S >MY APPROA*$ ,W>SAW 9 #aidd IT CALL$ ON ! PEOPLE ( ! CITY TO RISE AGA9/ ! ,NAZI OCCUPI]S1 !N WAIT$ \TSIDE ! CITY = SEV]AL DAYS :ILE ! ,NAZIS WIP$ \T ! ?US-EXPOS$ 9DEP5D5T ELEM5TS :I* MI<T LAT] HAVE RESI/$ ! IMPOSITION ( ,/AL9ISM4 ,WE HAVE REC5TLY SE5 A SIMIL> SC5>IO 9 ! DE FACTO ,BU%-,SADDAM ALLIANCE 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! ,GULF W>1 :51 AFT] CALL+ ON ! ,IRAQI PEOPLE TO RISE AGA9/ ,SADDAM1 ! ,AM]ICAN MILIT>Y SY/EMATICALLY MASSACR$ ,IRAQI CONSCRIPTS RETREAT+ FROM ,KUWAIT 7:O1 IF !Y HAD REGA9$ !IR C\NTRY1 W\LD HAVE BE5 RIPE = REVOLT7 :ILE LEAV+ ,SADDAM'S ELITE ,REPUBLICAN ,GU>DS 9TACT & FREE TO CRU% ! IMM5SE RADICAL UPRIS+S 9 NOR!RN & S\!RN ,IRAQ4.<#a#a.> 

,9 TOTALIT>IAN SOCIETIES ! GRIEVANCES >E OBVI\S BUT REVOLT IS DIFFICULT4 ,9 0DEMOCRATIC0 SOCIETIES /RUGGLES >E EASI]1 BUT ! GOALS >E LESS CLE>4 ,CONTROLL$ L>GELY BY SUBCONSCI\S CONDITION+ OR BY VA/1 SEEM+LY 9COMPREH5SIBLE =CES 70! /ATE ( ! ECONOMY07 & (F]$ A WIDE RANGE ( APP>5TLY FREE *OICES1 IT'S DIFFICULT = US TO GRASP \R SITUATION4 ,LIKE A FLOCK ( %EEP1 WE'RE H]D$ 9 ! DESIR$ DIRECTION1 BUT ALL[$ 5\< ROOM = 9DIVIDUAL V>IATIONS TO 5ABLE US TO PRES]VE AN ILLUSION ( 9DEP5D5CE4 

,IMPULSES T[>D V&ALISM OR VIOL5T CONFRONTATION CAN (T5 BE SE5 AS ATTEMPTS TO BREAK ?R\< ?IS FRU/RAT+ AB/RACTNESS & COME TO GRIPS ) SOME?+ CONCRETE4 

,JU/ AS ! FIR/ ORGANIZATION ( ! CLASSICAL PROLET>IAT WAS PREC$$1 DUR+ ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY & ! BEG9N+ ( ! N9ETE5?1 BY A P]IOD ( ISOLAT$ 0CRIM9AL0 ACTS AIM$ AT DE/ROY+ ! MA*9ES ( PRODUCTION ?AT W]E DEPRIV+ PEOPLE ( !IR WORK1 WE >E PRES5TLY WITNESS+ ! FIR/ APPE>ANCE ( A WAVE ( V&ALISM AGA9/ ! MA*9ES ( CONSUMPTION ?AT >E JU/ AS C]TA9LY DEPRIV+ US ( \R LIFE4 ,9 BO? CASES ! SIGNIFICANCE OBVI\SLY DOES NOT LIE 9 ! DE/RUCTION ITSELF1 BUT 9 ! REBELLI\SNESS :I* C\LD POT5TIALLY DEVELOP 9TO A POSITIVE PROJECT GO+ TO ! PO9T ( RECONV]T+ ! MA*9ES 9 A WAY ?AT 9CREASES PEOPLE'S REAL P[] OV] !IR LIVES4 7,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 P4 #hb .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION P4 #a#h.> .<,! ,BAD ,DAYS ,WILL ,5D.>47 

7,NOTE ?AT LA/ S5T5CE1 9CID5TALLY3 ,TO PO9T \T A SYMPTOM ( SOCIAL CRISIS1 OR EV5 TO DEF5D IT AS AN UND]/&ABLE REACTION1 DOES NOT NECESS>Y IMPLY RECOMM5D+ IT AS A TACTIC47 

,MANY O!R TRIGG]S ( RADICAL SITUATIONS C\LD BE 5UM]AT$4 ,A /RIKE MAY SPREAD 7,RUSSIA #a#i#e72 POPUL> RESI/ANCE TO SOME REACTION>Y ?REAT MAY OV]FL[ (FICIAL B\NDS 7,SPA9 #a#i#c#f72 PEOPLE MAY TAKE ADVANTAGE ( TOK5 LIB]ALIZATION 9 ORD] TO PU% FUR!R 7,HUNG>Y #a#i#e#f1 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA #a#i#f#h72 EXEMPL>Y SMALL GR\P ACTIONS MAY CATALYZE A MASS MOVEM5T 7! E>LY CIVIL RI<TS SIT-9S1 ,MAY #a#i#f#h72 A P>TICUL> \TRAGE MAY BE SE5 AS ! LA/ /RAW 7,WATTS #a#i#f#e1 ,LOS ,ANGELES #a#i#i#b72 ! SUDD5 COLLAPSE ( A REGIME MAY LEAVE A P[] VACUUM 7,PORTUGAL #a#i#g#d72 SOME SPECIAL OCCASION MAY BR+ PEOPLE TOGE!R 9 SU* NUMB]S ?AT IT'S IMPOSSIBLE TO PREV5T !M FROM EXPRESS+ !IR GRIEVANCES & ASPIRATIONS 7,TIANANM5 ,SQU>E #aigf & #a#i#h#i72 ETC4 

,BUT SOCIAL CRISES 9VOLVE SO MANY IMPOND]ABLES ?AT IT IS R>ELY POSSIBLE TO PR$ICT !M1 MU* LESS PROVOKE !M4 ,9 G5]AL IT SEEMS BE/ TO PURSUE PROJECTS WE >E P]SONALLY MO/ DRAWN TO1 :ILE TRY+ TO REMA9 AW>E 5\< TO QUICKLY RECOGNIZE SIGNIFICANT NEW DEVELOPM5TS 7DANG]S1 URG5T TASKS1 FAVORABLE OPPORTUNITIES7 ?AT CALL = NEW TACTICS4 

,MEAN:ILE1 WE CAN MOVE ON TO EXAM9E SOME ( ! CRUCIAL /AGES 9 RADICAL SITUATIONS ONCE !Y DO GET />T$4 

,EFF]VESC5CE ( ,RADICAL ,SITUATIONS 

,A RADICAL SITUATION IS A COLLECTIVE AWAK5+4 ,AT ONE EXTREME IT MAY 9VOLVE A FEW DOZ5 PEOPLE 9 A NEI<BORHOOD OR WORKPLACE2 AT ! O!R IT %ADES 9TO A FULL-FL$G$ REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION 9VOLV+ MILLIONS ( PEOPLE4 ,IT'S NOT A MATT] ( NUMB]S1 BUT ( OP5-5D$ PUBLIC DIALOGUE & P>TICIPATION4 ,! 9CID5T AT ! BEG9N+ ( !#a#i#f#d ,FREE ,SPEE* ,MOVEM5T 7,F,S,M7 IS A CLASSIC & P>TICUL>LY BEAUTIFUL EXAMPLE4 ,AS POLICE W]E AB\T TO TAKE AWAY AN >RE/$ CIVIL RI<TS ACTIVI/ ON ! UNIV]SITY CAMPUS 9 ,B]KELEY1 A FEW /UD5TS SAT D[N 9 FRONT ( ! POLICE C>2 )9 A FEW M9UTES HUNDR$S ( O!RS SPONTANE\SLY FOLL[$ !IR EXAMPLE1 SURR\ND+ ! C> SO IT C\LD NOT MOVE4 ,= ! NEXT #cb H\RS ! C> RO( WAS TURN$ 9TO A PLAT=M = FREE:EEL+ DEBATE4 ,! ,MAY #aifh OCCUPATION ( ! ,SORBONNE CREAT$ AN EV5 MORE RADICAL SITUATION BY DRAW+ 9 MU* ( ! NON/UD5T ,P>ISIAN POPULATION2 ! WORK]S' OCCUPATION ( FACTORIES ?R\<\T ,FRANCE !N TURN$ IT 9TO A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 

,9 SU* SITUATIONS PEOPLE BECOME MU* MORE OP5 TO NEW P]SPECTIVES1 READI] TO QUE/ION PREVI\S ASSUMPTIONS1 QUICK] TO SEE ?R\< ! USUAL CONS4 ,EV]Y DAY SOME PEOPLE GO ?R\< EXP]I5CES ?AT LEAD !M TO QUE/ION ! MEAN+ ( !IR LIVES2 BUT DUR+ A RADICAL SITUATION PRACTICALLY EV]YONE DOES SO ALL AT ONCE4 ,:5 ! MA*9E GR9DS TO A HALT1 ! COGS !MSELVES BEG9 WOND]+ AB\T !IR FUNCTION4 

,BOSSES >E RIDICUL$4 ,ORD]S >E IGNOR$4 ,SEP>ATIONS >E BROK5 D[N4 ,P]SONAL PROBLEMS >E TRANS=M$ 9TO PUBLIC ISSUES2 PUBLIC ISSUES ?AT SEEM$ DI/ANT & AB/RACT BECOME IMM$IATE PRACTICAL MATT]S4 ,! OLD ORD] IS ANALYZ$1 CRITICIZ$1 SATIRIZ$4 ,PEOPLE LE>N MORE AB\T SOCIETY 9 A WEEK ?AN 9 YE>S ( ACADEMIC 0SOCIAL /UDIES0 OR LEFTI/ 0CONSCI\SNESS RAIS+40 ,LONG REPRESS$ EXP]I5CES >E REVIV$4.<#a#b.> ,EV]Y?+ SEEMS POSSIBLE -- & MU* MORE IS POSSIBLE4 ,PEOPLE CAN H>DLY BELIEVE :AT !Y US$ TO PUT UP ) 9 0! OLD DAYS40 ,EV5 IF ! \TCOME IS UNC]TA91 ! EXP]I5CE IS (T5 SE5 AS WOR?:ILE = ITS [N SAKE4 0,IF WE ONLY HAVE 5\< TIME 4440 WROTE ONE ,MAY #aifh GRAFFITI/2 TO :I* A C\PLE O!RS RESPOND$3 0,9 ANY CASE1 NO REGRETS60 & 0,ALREADY T5 DAYS ( HAPP9ESS40 

,AS WORK COMES TO A HALT1 RAT-RACE COMMUT+ IS REPLAC$ BY LEISURELY CIRCULATION1 PASSIVE CONSUMPTION BY ACTIVE COMMUNICATION4 ,/RANG]S /RIKE UP LIVELY DISCUSSIONS ON /REET CORN]S4 ,DEBATES CONT9UE R\ND ! CLOCK1 NEW >RIVALS CON/ANTLY REPLAC+ ?OSE :O DEP>T = O!R ACTIVITIES OR TO TRY TO CAT* A FEW H\RS ( SLEEP1 ?\< !Y >E USUALLY TOO EXCIT$ TO SLEEP V]Y LONG4 ,:ILE SOME PEOPLE SUCCUMB TO DEMAGOGUES1 O!RS />T MAK+ !IR [N PROPOSALS & TAK+ !IR [N 9ITIATIVES4 ,BY/&]S GET DRAWN 9TO ! VORTEX1 & GO ?R\< A/ONI%+LY RAPID *ANGES4 7,A BEAUTIFUL EXAMPLE FROM ,MAY #a#i#f#h3 ,! DIRECTOR ( ! NATIONAL ,ODEON ,!AT] WAS AT FIR/ DISMAY$ AT ITS BE+ TAK5 OV] BY ! RADICAL CR[DS2 BUT AFT] TAK+ 9 ! SITUATION = A FEW M9UTES1 HE CAME =W>D & EXCLAIM$3 0,YES6 ,N[ ?AT Y\ HAVE IT1 KEEP IT1 NEV] GIVE IT UP -- BURN IT RA!R ?AN DO ?AT607 

,( C\RSE1 NOT EV]YONE IS IMM$IATELY WON OV]4 ,SOME PEOPLE SIMPLY LAY L[1 ANTICIPAT+ ! TIME :5 ! MOVEM5T WILL SUBSIDE & !Y CAN RECOV] !IR POSSESSIONS OR !IR POSITIONS1 & TAKE !IR REV5GE4 ,O!RS WAV]1 TORN BETWE5 DESIRE = *ANGE & FE> ( *ANGE4 ,AN OP5+ ( A FEW DAYS MAY NOT BE 5\< TO BREAK A LIFETIME ( HI]>*ICAL CONDITION+4 ,! DISRUPTION ( HABITS & R\T9ES CAN BE DISORI5T+ AS WELL AS LIB]AT+4 ,EV]Y?+ HAPP5S SO FA/ IT'S EASY TO PANIC4 ,EV5 IF Y\ MANAGE TO KEEP CALM1 IT'S NOT EASY TO GRASP ALL ! FACTORS 9 PLAY QUICKLY 5\< TO DET]M9E ! BE/ ?+ TO DO1 :I* MAY APPE> OBVI\S 9 H9DSI<T4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 PURPOSES ( ! PRES5T TEXT IS TO PO9T \T C]TA9 TYPICAL RECURR+ PATT]NS SO ?AT PEOPLE CAN BE PREP>$ TO RECOGNIZE & EXPLOIT SU* OPPORTUNITIES BE=E IT'S TOO LATE4 

,RADICAL SITUATIONS >E ! R>E MOM5TS :5 QUALITATIVE *ANGE REALLY BECOMES POSSIBLE4 ,F> FROM BE+ ABNORMAL1 !Y REVEAL H[ ABNORMALLY REPRESS$ WE USUALLY >E2 !Y MAKE \R 0NORMAL0 LIFE SEEM LIKE SLEEPWALK+4 ,YET ( ! VA/ NUMB] ( BOOKS ?AT HAVE BE5 WRITT5 AB\T REVOLUTIONS1 FEW HAVE MU* TO SAY AB\T SU* MOM5TS4 ,?OSE DEAL+ ) ! MO/ RADICAL MOD]N REVOLTS >E USUALLY M]ELY DESCRIPTIVE1 P]HAPS GIV+ A H9T ( :AT SU* EXP]I5CES FEEL LIKE BUT SELDOM PROVID+ ANY USEFUL TACTICAL 9SI<TS4 ,/UDIES ( B\RGEOIS & BUREAUCRATIC REVOLUTIONS >E G5]ALLY EV5 LESS RELEVANT4 ,9 SU* REVOLUTIONS1 :]E ! 0MASSES0 PLAY$ ONLY A TEMPOR>Y SUPPORT+ ROLE = ONE LEAD]%IP OR ANO!R1 !IR BEHAVIOR C\LD TO A L>GE DEGREE BE ANALYZ$ LIKE ! MOTIONS ( PHYSICAL MASSES1 9 T]MS ( ! FAMILI> METAPHORS ( RIS+ & EBB+ TIDES1 P5DULUM SW+S FROM RADICALITY TO REACTION1 ETC4 ,BUT AN ANTIHI]>*ICAL REVOLUTION REQUIRES PEOPLE TO CEASE BE+ HOMOG5\S1 MANIPULABLE MASSES1 TO GET BEYOND ! SUBS]VI5CE & UNCONSCI\SNESS ?AT MAKE !M SUBJECT TO ?IS SORT ( ME*ANI/IC PR$ICTABILITY4 

,POPUL> SELF-ORGANIZATION 

,DUR+ ! SIXTIES IT WAS WIDELY FELT ?AT ! BE/ WAY TO FO/] SU* DEMASSIFICATION WAS TO =M 0AFF9ITY GR\PS03 SMALL ASSOCIATIONS ( CLOSE FRI5DS ) COMPATIBLE LIFE/YLES & P]SPECTIVES4 ,SU* GR\PS DO HAVE MANY OBVI\S ADVANTAGES4 ,!Y CAN DECIDE ON A PROJECT & IMM$IATELY C>RY IT \T2 !Y >E DIFFICULT TO 9FILTRATE2 & :5 NECESS>Y !Y CAN L9K UP ) O!RS4 ,BUT EV5 LEAV+ ASIDE ! V>I\S PITFALLS TO :I* MO/ ( ! SIXTIES AFF9ITY GR\PS SOON SUCCUMB$1 !RE'S NO GETT+ >\ND ! FACT ?AT SOME MATT]S REQUIRE L>GE-SCALE ORGANIZATION4 ,& L>GE GR\PS WILL SOON REV]T TO ACCEPT+ SOME SORT ( HI]>*Y UNLESS !Y MANAGE TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES 9 A MANN] ?AT R5D]S LEAD]S UNNECESS>Y4 

,ONE ( ! SIMPLE/ WAYS = A L>GE GA!R+ TO BEG9 ORGANIZ+ ITSELF IS = ?OSE :O HAVE SOME?+ TO SAY TO L9E UP OR SIGN UP1 ) EA* P]SON ALL[$ A C]TA9 TIME )9 :I* !Y CAN TALK AB\T ANY?+ !Y WANT4 7,! ,SORBONNE ASSEMBLY & ! ,F,S,M GA!R+ >\ND ! POLICE C> EA* E/ABLI%$ A ?REE-M9UTE LIMIT1 OCCASIONALLY EXT5D$ BY POPUL> ACCLAIM47 ,SOME ( ! SPEAK]S WILL PROPOSE SPECIFIC PROJECTS ?AT WILL PRECIPITATE SMALL]1 MORE WORKABLE GR\PS4 70,I & SOME O!RS 9T5D TO DO SU* & SU*2 ANYONE :O WANTS TO TAKE P>T CAN JO9 US AT SU* & SU* TIME & PLACE407 ,O!RS WILL RAISE ISSUES 9VOLV+ ! G5]AL AIMS OR ONGO+ FUNCTION+ ( ! ASSEMBLY ITSELF4 7,:OM DOES IT 9CLUDE8 ,:5 WILL IT MEET AGA98 ,H[ WILL URG5T NEW DEVELOPM5TS BE DEALT ) 9 ! 9T]IM8 ,:O WILL BE DELEGAT$ TO DEAL ) SPECIFIC TASKS8 ,) :AT DEGREE ( ACC\NTABILITY87 ,9 ?IS PROCESS ! P>TICIPANTS WILL SOON SEE :AT WORKS & :AT DOESN'T -- H[ /RICTLY DELEGATES NE$ TO BE M&AT$1 :E!R A *AIRP]SON IS NE$$ TO FACILITATE DISCUSSION SO ?AT EV]YONE ISN'T TALK+ AT ONCE1 ETC4 ,MANY MODES ( ORGANIZATION >E POSSIBLE2 :AT IS ESS5TIAL IS ?AT ?+S REMA9 OP51 DEMOCRATIC & P>TICIPATORY1 ?AT ANY T5D5CY T[>D HI]>*Y OR MANIPULATION IS IMM$IATELY EXPOS$ & REJECT$4 

,DESPITE ITS NAIVETE & CONFUSIONS & LACK ( RIGOR\S DELEGATE ACC\NTABILITY1 ! ,F,S,M IS A GOOD EXAMPLE ( ! SPONTANE\S T5D5CIES T[>D PRACTICAL SELF-ORGANIZATION ?AT >ISE 9 A RADICAL SITUATION4 ,SOME TWO DOZ5 0C5TRALS0 W]E =M$ TO COORD9ATE PR9T+1 PRESS RELEASES1 LEGAL ASSI/ANCE1 TO RU/LE UP FOOD1 SPEAK] SY/EMS & O!R NECESS>Y SUPPLIES1 OR TO LOCATE VOLUNTE]S :O HAD 9DICAT$ !IR SKILLS & AVAILABILITY = DIFF]5T TASKS4 ,PHONE TREES MADE IT POSSIBLE TO CONTACT OV] TW5TY ?\S& /UD5TS ON %ORT NOTICE4 

,BUT BEYOND M]E QUE/IONS ( PRACTICAL EFFICI5CY1 & EV5 BEYOND ! O/5SIBLE POLITICAL ISSUES1 ! 9SURG5TS W]E BREAK+ ?R\< ! :OLE SPECTACUL> FACADE & GETT+ A TA/E ( REAL LIFE1 REAL COMMUNITY4 ,ONE P>TICIPANT E/IMAT$ ?AT )9 A FEW MON?S HE HAD COME TO KN[1 AT LEA/ AS A NODD+ ACQUA9TANCE1 TWO OR ?REE ?\S& PEOPLE -- ?IS AT A UNIV]SITY ?AT WAS NOTORI\S = 0TURN+ PEOPLE 9TO NUMB]S40 ,ANO!R MOV+LY WROTE3 0,CONFRONT+ AN 9/ITUTION APP>5TLY & FRU/RAT+LY DESIGN$ TO DEP]SONALIZE & BLOCK COMMUNICATION1 NEI!R HUMANE NOR GRACEFUL NOR RESPONSIVE1 WE F\ND FL[]+ 9 \RSELVES ! PRES5CE :OSE ABS5CE WE W]E AT HE>T PROTE/+40.<#a#c.> 

,A RADICAL SITUATION MU/ SPREAD OR FAIL4 ,9 EXCEPTIONAL CASES A P>TICUL> LOCATION MAY S]VE AS A MORE OR LESS P]MAN5T BASE1 A FOCUS = COORD9ATION & A REFUGE FROM \TSIDE REPRESSION4 7,SANRIZUKA1 A RURAL REGION NE> ,TOKYO ?AT WAS OCCUPI$ BY LOCAL F>M]S DUR+ ! #a#i#gS 9 AN EF=T TO BLOCK ! CON/RUCTION ( A NEW AIRPORT1 WAS SO /UBBORNLY & SUCCESSFULLY DEF5D$ = SO MANY YE>S ?AT IT CAME TO BE US$ AS A HEADQU>T]S = DIV]SE /RUGGLES ALL OV] ,JAPAN47 ,BUT A FIX$ LOCATION FACILITATES MANIPULATION1 SURVEILLANCE & REPRESSION1 & BE+ /UCK ) DEF5D+ IT 9HIBITS PEOPLE'S FRE$OM TO MOVE >\ND4 ,RADICAL SITUATIONS >E ALWAYS *>ACT]IZ$ BY A LOT ( CIRCULATION3 :ILE SOME PEOPLE CONV]GE TO KEY LOCATIONS TO SEE :AT'S HAPP5+1 O!RS FAN \T TO SPREAD ! CONTE/ATION TO O!R >EAS4 

,A SIMPLE BUT ESS5TIAL /EP 9 ANY RADICAL ACTION IS = PEOPLE TO COMMUNICATE :AT !Y >E ACTUALLY DO+ & :Y4 ,EV5 IF :AT !Y HAVE DONE IS V]Y LIMIT$1 SU* COMMUNICATION IS 9 ITSELF EXEMPL>Y3 BESIDES SPREAD+ ! GAME TO A WID] FIELD & 9CIT+ O!RS TO JO9 91 IT CUTS ?R\< ! USUAL RELIANCE ON RUMORS1 NEWS M$IA & SELF-APPO9T$ SPOKESPEOPLE4 

,IT'S ALSO A CRUCIAL /EP 9 SELF-CL>IFICATION4 ,A PROPOSAL TO ISSUE A COLLECTIVE COMMUNIQUE PRES5TS CONCRETE ALT]NATIVES3 ,:O DO WE WANT TO COMMUNICATE )8 ,= :AT PURPOSE8 ,:O IS 9T]E/$ 9 ?IS PROJECT8 ,:O AGREES ) ?IS /ATEM5T8 ,:O DISAGREES8 ,) :I* PO9TS8 ,?IS MAY LEAD TO A POL>IZATION AS PEOPLE SEE ! DIFF]5T POSSIBILITIES ( ! SITUATION1 SORT \T !IR [N VIEWS1 & REGR\P ) LIKE-M9D$ P]SONS TO PURSUE DIV]SE PROJECTS4 

,SU* POL>IZATION CL>IFIES MATT]S = EV]YONE4 ,EA* T5D5CY REMA9S FREE TO EXPRESS ITSELF & TO TE/ ITS IDEAS 9 PRACTICE1 & ! RESULTS CAN BE DISC]N$ MORE CLE>LY ?AN IF CONTRADICTORY /RATEGIES W]E MIX$ TOGE!R 9 SOME L[E/-COMMON-D5OM9ATOR COMPROMISE4 ,:5 PEOPLE SEE A PRACTICAL NE$ = COORD9ATION1 !Y WILL COORD9ATE2 9 ! MEAN TIME1 ! PROLIF]ATION ( AUTONOM\S 9DIVIDUALS IS F> MORE FRUITFUL ?AN ! SUP]FICIAL1 TOP-D[N 0UNITY0 = :I* BUREAUCRATS >E ALWAYS APPEAL+4 

,L>GE CR[DS SOMETIMES 5ABLE PEOPLE TO DO ?+S ?AT W\LD BE IMPRUD5T IF UND]TAK5 BY ISOLAT$ 9DIVIDUALS2 & C]TA9 COLLECTIVE ACTIONS1 SU* AS /RIKES OR BOYCOTTS1 REQUIRE PEOPLE TO ACT 9 CONC]T1 OR AT LEA/ NOT TO GO AGA9/ A MAJORITY DECISION4 ,BUT MANY O!R MATT]S CAN BE DEALT ) DIRECTLY BY 9DIVIDUALS OR SMALL GR\PS4 ,BETT] TO /RIKE :ILE ! IRON IS HOT ?AN TO WA/E TIME TRY+ TO >GUE AWAY ! OBJECTIONS ( MASSES ( SPECTATORS :O >E /ILL UND] ! SWAY ( MANIPULATORS4 

,! SITUATIONI/S 9 ,MAY #aifh 

,SMALL GR\PS HAVE EV]Y RI<T TO *OOSE !IR [N COLLABORATORS3 SPECIFIC PROJECTS MAY REQUIRE SPECIFIC ABILITIES OR CLOSE ACCORD AMONG ! P>TICIPANTS4 ,A RADICAL SITUATION OP5S UP BROAD] POSSIBILITIES AMONG A BROAD] RANGE ( PEOPLE4 ,BY SIMPLIFY+ BASIC ISSUES & CUTT+ ?R\< HABITUAL SEP>ATIONS1 IT R5D]S MASSES ( ORD9>Y PEOPLE CAPABLE ( C>RY+ \T TASKS !Y C\LD NOT EV5 HAVE IMAG9$ ! WEEK BE=E4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! SELF-ORGANIZ$ MASSES >E ! ONLY ONES :O CAN C>RY \T ?OSE TASKS -- NO ONE ELSE CAN DO IT ON !IR BEHALF4 

,:AT IS ! ROLE ( 9DIVIDUAL RADICALS 9 SU* A SITUATION8 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT !Y MU/ NOT CLAIM TO REPRES5T OR LEAD ! PEOPLE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS ABSURD TO DECL>E1 9 ! NAME ( AVOID+ HI]>*Y1 ?AT !Y %\LD IMM$IATELY 0DISSOLVE 9TO ! MASSES0 & CEASE PUTT+ =W>D !IR [N VIEWS OR 9ITIAT+ !IR [N PROJECTS4 ,!Y %\LD H>DLY DO LESS ?AN ! ORD9>Y 0MASS0 9DIVIDUALS1 :O HAVE TO EXPRESS !IR VIEWS & 9ITIATE !IR PROJECTS OR NO?+ AT ALL W\LD HAPP54 ,9 PRACTICE ?OSE RADICALS :O CLAIM TO BE AFRAID ( 0TELL+ PEOPLE :AT TO DO0 OR ( 0ACT+ 9 PLACE ( ! WORK]S0 G5]ALLY 5D UP EI!R DO+ NO?+ OR DISGUIS+ !IR 5DLESS REIT]ATIONS ( !IR IDEOLOGY AS 0REPORTS ( DISCUSSIONS AMONG SOME WORK]S40 

,! SITUATIONI/S & ,5RAGES HAD A CONSID]ABLY MORE LUCID & =?RI<T PRACTICE DUR+ ,MAY #a#i#f#h4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ ?REE OR F\R DAYS ( ! ,SORBONNE OCCUPATION 7#a#d-#a#g ,MAY7 !Y OP5LY EXPRESS$ !IR VIEWS ON ! TASKS ( ! ASSEMBLY & ( ! G5]AL MOVEM5T4 ,ON ! BASIS ( ?OSE VIEWS ONE ( ! ,5RAGES1 ,]NE ,RIESEL1 WAS ELECT$ TO ! FIR/ ,SORBONNE ,OCCUPATION ,COMMITTEE1 & HE & HIS FELL[ DELEGATES W]E REELECT$ ! FOLL[+ DAY4 

,RIESEL & ONE O!R DELEGATE 7! RE/ APP>5TLY SLIPP$ AWAY )\T FULFILL+ ANY ( !IR RESPONSIBILITIES7 5DEAVOR$ TO C>RY \T ! TWO POLICIES HE HAD ADVOCAT$3 MA9TA9+ TOTAL DEMOCRACY 9 ! ,SORBONNE & DISSEM9AT+ ! MO/ WIDESPREAD APPEALS = OCCUPY+ ! FACTORIES & =M+ WORK]S C\NCILS4 ,BUT :5 ! ASSEMBLY REPEAT$LY ALL[$ ITS ,OCCUPATION ,COMMITTEE TO BE OV]RIDD5 BY V>I\S UNELECT$ LEFTI/ BUREAUCRACIES & FAIL$ TO AFFIRM ! CALL = WORK]S C\NCILS 7!REBY D5Y+ ! WORK]S ! 5C\RAGEM5T TO DO :AT ! ASSEMBLY ITSELF WAS DO+ 9 ! ,SORBONNE71 ! ,5RAGES & SITUATIONI/S LEFT ! ASSEMBLY & CONT9U$ !IR AGITATION 9DEP5D5TLY4 

,!RE WAS NO?+ UNDEMOCRATIC AB\T ?IS DEP>TURE3 ! ,SORBONNE ASSEMBLY REMA9$ FREE TO DO :ATEV] IT WANT$4 ,BUT :5 IT FAIL$ TO RESPOND TO ! URG5T TASKS ( ! SITUATION & EV5 CONTRADICT$ ITS [N PRET5SIONS ( DEMOCRACY1 ! SITUATIONI/S FELT ?AT IT HAD NO FUR!R CLAIM TO BE CONSID]$ A FOCAL PO9T ( ! MO/ RADICAL POSSIBILITIES ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,!IR DIAGNOSIS WAS CONFIRM$ BY ! SUBSEQU5T COLLAPSE ( ANY PRET5SE ( P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY AT ! ,SORBONNE3 AFT] !IR DEP>TURE ! ASSEMBLY HAD NO MORE ELECTIONS & REV]T$ TO ! TYPICAL LEFTI/ =M ( SELF-APPO9T$ BUREAUCRATS RUNN+ ?+S OV] ! HEADS ( PASSIVE MASSES4 

,:ILE ?IS WAS GO+ ON AMONG A FEW ?\S& PEOPLE 9 ! ,SORBONNE1 MILLIONS ( WORK]S W]E OCCUPY+ !IR FACTORIES ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 7,H5CE ! ABSURDITY ( *>ACT]IZ+ ,MAY #aifh AS A 0/UD5T MOVEM5T407 ,! SITUATIONI/S1 ! ,5RAGES & A FEW DOZ5 O!R C\NCILI/ REVOLUTION>IES =M$ ! ,C\NCIL = ,MA9TA9+ ! ,OCCUPATIONS 7,C,M,D,O7 ) ! AIM ( 5C\RAG+ ?OSE WORK]S TO BYPASS ! UNION BUREAUCRATS & DIRECTLY L9K UP ) EA* O!R 9 ORD] TO REALIZE ! RADICAL POSSIBILITIES !IR ACTION HAD ALREADY OP5$ UP4.<#a#d.> 

,WORK]ISM IS OBSOLETE1 BUT WORK]S' POSITION REMA9S PIVOTAL 

0,VIRTU\S 9DIGNATION IS A P[]FUL /IMULANT1 BUT A DANG]\S DIET4 ,KEEP 9 M9D ! OLD PROV]B3 ANG] IS A BAD C\NSELOR444 ,:5EV] Y\R SYMPA?IES >E /RONGLY /IRR$ ON BEHALF ( SOME CRUELLY ILL US$ P]SON OR P]SONS ( :OM Y\ KN[ NO?+ EXCEPT ?AT !Y >E ILL US$1 Y\R G5]\S 9DIGNATION ATTRIBUTES ALL SORTS ( VIRTUES TO !M1 & ALL SORTS ( VISES TO ?OSE :O OPPRESS !M4 ,BUT ! BLUNT TRU? IS ?AT ILL US$ PEOPLE >E WORSE ?AN WELL US$ PEOPLE40 

-- ,GEORGE ,B]N>D ,%AW1 ,! ,9TELLIG5T ,WOMAN'S ,GUIDE TO ,SOCIALISM & ,CAPITALISM 

0,WE %ALL ABOLI% SLAVES BECAUSE WE CAN'T /& ! SI<T ( !M40 

-- ,NIETZS*E 

,FI<T+ = LIB]ATION DOES NOT IMPLY APPLAUD+ ! TRAITS ( ! OPPRESS$4 ,! ULTIMATE 9JU/ICE ( SOCIAL OPPRESSION IS ?AT IT IS MORE LIKELY TO DEBASE ! VICTIMS ?AN TO 5NOBLE !M4 

,A LOT ( TRADITIONAL LEFTI/ RHETORIC /EMM$ FROM OBSOLETE WORK-E?IC NOTIONS3 ! B\RGEOIS W]E BAD BECAUSE !Y DIDN'T DO PRODUCTIVE WORK1 :]EAS ! WOR?Y PROLET>IANS DES]V$ ! FRUITS ( !IR LABOR1 ETC4 ,AS LABOR HAS BECOME 9CREAS+LY UNNECESS>Y & DIRECT$ TO 9CREAS+LY ABSURD 5DS1 ?IS P]SPECTIVE HAS LO/ :ATEV] S5SE IT MAY ONCE HAVE HAD4 ,! PO9T IS NOT TO PRAISE ! PROLET>IAT1 BUT TO ABOLI% IT4 

,CLASS DOM9ATION HASN'T GONE AWAY JU/ BECAUSE A C5TURY ( LEFTI/ DEMAGOGY HAS MADE SOME ( ! OLD RADICAL T]M9OLOGY S\ND PRETTY CORNY4 ,:ILE PHAS+ \T C]TA9 K9DS ( TRADITIONAL BLUE-COLL> LABOR & ?R[+ :OLE SECTORS ( ! POPULATION 9TO P]MAN5T UNEMPLOYM5T1 MOD]N CAPITALISM HAS PROLET>IANIZ$ ALMO/ EV]YONE ELSE4 ,:ITE-COLL> WORK]S1 TE*NICIANS1 & EV5 MIDDLE-CLASS PR(ESSIONALS :O =M]LY PRID$ !MSELVES ON !IR 9DEP5D5CE 7DOCTORS1 SCI5TI/S1 S*OL>S7 >E 9CREAS+LY SUBJECT TO ! CRASSE/ COMM]CIALIZATION & EV5 TO VIRTUALLY ASSEMBLY-L9E /YLE REGIM5TATION4 

,LESS ?AN #a.0 ( ! GLOBAL POPULATION [NS #h.0 ( ! WORLD'S L&4 ,EV5 9 ! SUPPOS$LY MORE EGALIT>IAN ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ECONOMIC DISP>ITY IS EXTREME & CON/ANTLY GR[+ MORE EXTREME4 ,TW5TY YE>S AGO ! AV]AGE ,C,E,O SAL>Y WAS #ce TIMES ?AT ( ! AV]AGE PRODUCTION WORK]2 TODAY IT'S #ab TIMES AS MU*4 ,TW5TY YE>S AGO ! RI*E/ HALF-P]C5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN POPULATION [N$ #a#d.0 ( ! TOTAL PRIVATE WEAL?2 !Y N[ [N #c.0 ( IT4 ,BUT SU* FIGURES DO NOT CONVEY ! FULL EXT5T ( ?IS ELITE'S P[]4 ,! 0WEAL?0 ( ! L[] & MIDDLE CLASSES IS ALMO/ 5TIRELY DEVOT$ TO COV]+ !IR DAY-TO-DAY EXP5SES1 LEAV+ LITTLE OR NO?+ = 9VE/M5T AT ANY SIGNIFICANT1 SOCIALLY EMP[]+ LEVEL4 ,A MAGNATE :O [NS AS LITTLE AS FIVE OR T5 P]C5T ( A CORPORATION WILL USUALLY BE ABLE TO CONTROL IT 7DUE TO ! APA?Y ( ! UNORGANIZ$ MASS ( SMALL /OCKHOLD]S71 ?US WIELD+ AS MU* P[] AS IF HE [N$ ! :OLE ?+4 ,& IT ONLY TAKES A FEW MAJOR CORPORATIONS 7:OSE DIRECTORATES >E CLOSELY 9T]L9K$ ) EA* O!R & ) UPP] GOV]NM5T BUREAUCRACIES7 TO BUY \T1 WIPE \T OR M>G9ALIZE SMALL] 9DEP5D5T COMPETITORS & EFFECTIVELY CONTROL ! KEY POLITICIANS & M$IA4 

,! OMNIPRES5T SPECTACLE ( MIDDLE-CLASS PROSP]ITY HAS CONCEAL$ ?IS REALITY1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES :]E1 BECAUSE ( ITS P>TICUL> HI/ORY 7& DESPITE ! VIOL5CE ( MANY ( ITS PA/ CLASS CONFLICTS71 PEOPLE >E MORE NAIVELY OBLIVI\S TO CLASS DIVISIONS ?AN ANY:]E ELSE 9 ! WORLD4 ,! WIDE V>IETY ( E?NICITIES & ! MULTITUDE ( COMPLEX 9T]M$IATE GRADATIONS HAS BUFF]$ & BLURR$ ! FUNDAM5TAL DI/9CTION BETWE5 TOP & BOTTOM4 ,AM]ICANS [N SO MANY COMMODITIES ?AT !Y FAIL TO NOTICE ?AT SOMEONE ELSE [NS ! :OLE SOCIETY4 ,EXCEPT = ?OSE AT ! V]Y BOTTOM1 :O CAN'T HELP KN[+ BETT]1 !Y G5]ALLY ASSUME ?AT POV]TY IS ! FAULT ( ! POOR1 ?AT ANY 5T]PRIS+ P]SON HAS PL5TY ( OPPORTUNITY1 ?AT IF Y\ CAN'T MAKE A SATISFACTORY LIV+ 9 ONE PLACE Y\ CAN ALWAYS MAKE A FRE% />T SOME:]E ELSE4 ,A C5TURY AGO1 :5 PEOPLE C\LD JU/ PICK UP & HEAD FUR!R WE/1 ?IS BELIEF HAD SOME F\NDATION2 ! P]SI/5CE ( NO/ALGIC FRONTI] SPECTACLES OBSCURES ! FACT ?AT PRES5T CONDITIONS >E QUITE DIFF]5T & ?AT WE NO LONG] HAVE ANY:]E ELSE TO GO4 

,! SITUATIONI/S SOMETIMES US$ ! T]M PROLET>IAT 7OR MORE PRECISELY1 ! NEW PROLET>IAT7 9 A BROAD5$ S5SE1 TO REF] TO 0ALL ?OSE :O HAVE NO P[] OV] !IR [N LIVES & KN[ IT40 ,?IS USAGE MAY BE RA!R LOOSE1 BUT IT HAS ! M]IT ( /RESS+ ! FACT ?AT SOCIETY IS /ILL DIVID$ 9TO CLASSES1 & ?AT ! FUNDAM5TAL DIVISION IS /ILL BETWE5 ! FEW :O [N & CONTROL EV]Y?+ & ! RE/ :O HAVE LITTLE OR NO?+ TO EX*ANGE BUT !IR [N LABOR P[]4 ,9 SOME CONTEXTS IT MAY BE PREF]ABLE TO USE O!R T]MS1 SU* AS 0! PEOPLE02 BUT NOT :5 ?IS AM\NTS TO 9DISCRIM9ATELY LUMP+ EXPLOIT]S ) EXPLOIT$4 

,! PO9T IS NOT TO ROMANTICIZE WAGE LABOR]S1 :O1 NOT SURPRIS+LY1 CONSID]+ ?AT ! SPECTACLE IS DESIGN$ ABOVE ALL TO KEEP !M DELUD$1 >E (T5 AMONG ! MO/ IGNORANT & REACTION>Y SECTORS ( SOCIETY4 ,NOR IS IT A MATT] ( SCOR+ PO9TS TO SEE :O IS MO/ OPPRESS$4 ,ALL =MS ( OPPRESSION MU/ BE CONTE/$1 & EV]YONE CAN CONTRIBUTE TO ?IS CONTE/ATION -- WOM51 Y\?1 UNEMPLOY$1 M9ORITIES1 LUMP5S1 BOHEMIANS1 PEASANTS1 MIDDLE CLASSES1 EV5 R5EGADES FROM ! RUL+ ELITE4 ,BUT NONE ( !SE GR\PS CAN A*IEVE A DEF9ITIVE LIB]ATION )\T ABOLI%+ ! MAT]IAL F\NDATION ( ALL !SE OPPRESSIONS3 ! SY/EM ( COMMODITY PRODUCTION & WAGE LABOR4 ,& ?IS ABOLITION CAN BE A*IEV$ ONLY ?R\< ! COLLECTIVE SELF-ABOLITION ( WAGE LABOR]S4 ,!Y ALONE HAVE ! LEV]AGE NOT ONLY TO DIRECTLY BR+ ! :OLE SY/EM TO A /OP1 BUT TO />T ?+S UP AGA9 9 A FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T WAY4.<#a#e.> 

,NOR IS IT A MATT] ( GIV+ ANYONE SPECIAL PRIVILEGES4 ,WORK]S 9 ESS5TIAL SECTORS 7FOOD1 TRANSPORTATION1 COMMUNICATIONS1 ETC47 :O HAVE REJECT$ !IR CAPITALI/ & UNION BOSSES & BEGUN TO SELF-MANAGE !IR [N ACTIVITIES WILL OBVI\SLY HAVE NO 9T]E/ 9 HOLD+ ON TO ! 0PRIVILEGE0 ( DO+ ALL ! WORK & EV]Y 9T]E/ 9 9VIT+ EV]YONE ELSE1 :E!R NONWORK]S OR WORK]S FROM OBSOLETE SECTORS 7LAW1 MILIT>Y1 SALES1 ADV]TIS+1 ETC471 TO JO9 !M 9 ! PROJECT ( R$UC+ & TRANS=M+ IT4 ,EV]YONE :O TAKES P>T WILL %>E 9 ! DECISIONMAK+2 ! ONLY ONES LEFT \T WILL BE ?OSE :O REMA9 ON ! SIDEL9ES CLAIM+ SPECIAL PRIVILEGES4 

,TRADITIONAL SYNDICALISM & C\NCILISM HAVE T5D$ TO TAKE ! EXI/+ DIVISION ( LABOR TOO MU* = GRANT$1 AS IF PEOPLE'S LIVES 9 A PO/REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY W\LD CONT9UE TO C5T] >\ND FIX$ JOBS & WORKPLACES4 ,EV5 )9 ! PRES5T SOCIETY SU* A P]SPECTIVE IS BECOM+ 9CREAS+LY OBSOLETE3 AS MO/ PEOPLE WORK AT ABSURD & FREQU5TLY ONLY TEMPOR>Y JOBS )\T 9 ANY WAY ID5TIFY+ ) !M1 :ILE MANY O!RS DON'T WORK ON ! WAGE M>KET AT ALL1 WORK-RELAT$ ISSUES BECOME M]ELY ONE ASPECT ( A MORE G5]AL /RUGGLE4 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( A MOVEM5T IT MAY BE APPROPRIATE = WORK]S TO ID5TIFY !MSELVES AS SU*4 70,WE1 ! WORK]S ( SU* & SU* COMPANY1 HAVE OCCUPI$ \R WORKPLACE ) SU* & SU* AIMS2 WE URGE WORK]S 9 O!R SECTORS TO DO LIKEWISE407 ,! ULTIMATE GOAL1 H[EV]1 IS NOT ! SELF-MANAGEM5T ( EXI/+ 5T]PRISES4 ,=1 SAY1 M$IA WORK]S TO HAVE CONTROL OV] ! M$IA JU/ BECAUSE !Y HAPP5 TO WORK !RE W\LD BE ALMO/ AS >BITR>Y AS ! PRES5T CONTROL BY :OEV] HAPP5S TO [N !M4 ,WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( ! P>TICUL> CONDITIONS ( !IR WORK WILL NE$ TO BE COMB9$ ) COMMUNITY MANAGEM5T ( MATT]S ( G5]AL CONC]N4 ,H\SEWIVES & O!RS WORK+ 9 RELATIVELY SEP>AT$ CONDITIONS WILL NE$ TO DEVELOP !IR [N =MS ( ORGANIZATION TO 5ABLE !M TO EXPRESS !IR [N P>TICUL> 9T]E/S4 ,BUT POT5TIAL CONFLICTS ( 9T]E/ BETWE5 0PRODUC]S0 & 0CONSUM]S0 WILL BE QUICKLY SUP]S$$ :5 EV]YONE BECOMES DIRECTLY 9VOLV$ 9 BO? ASPECTS2 :5 WORK]S C\NCILS 9T]L9K ) NEI<BORHOOD & COMMUNITY C\NCILS2 & :5 FIX$ WORK POSITIONS FADE ?R\< ! OBSOLET+ ( MO/ JOBS & ! REORGANIZATION & ROTATION ( ?OSE ?AT REMA9 79CLUD+ H\SEWORK & *ILD C>E74 

,! SITUATIONI/S W]E C]TA9LY RI<T TO /RIVE = ! =MATION ( WORK]S C\NCILS DUR+ ! ,MAY #aifh FACTORY OCCUPATIONS4 ,BUT IT %\LD BE NOT$ ?AT ?OSE OCCUPATIONS W]E TRIGG]$ BY ACTIONS ( L>GELY NONWORK] Y\?4 ,! PO/-#a#i#f#h SITUATIONI/S T5D$ TO FALL 9TO A SORT ( WORK]ISM 7?\< A RESOLUTELY ANTI-WORK-E?IC ONE71 SEE+ ! PROLIF]ATION ( WILDCAT /RIKES AS ! MAJOR 9DICATOR ( REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITIES :ILE PAY+ LESS ATT5TION TO DEVELOPM5TS ON O!R T]RA9S4 ,ACTUALLY1 BLATANT UNION SELL\TS (T5 =CE 9TO WILDCAT /RUGGLES WORK]S :O >E 9 O!R RESPECTS NOT P>TICUL>LY RADICAL2 & ON ! O!R H&1 PEOPLE CAN RESI/ ! SY/EM 9 MANY O!R WAYS BESIDES /RIKES 79CLUD+ AVOID+ WAGE LABOR AS MU* AS POSSIBLE 9 ! FIR/ PLACE74 ,! SITUATIONI/S RI<TLY RECOGNIZ$ COLLECTIVE SELF-MANAGEM5T & 9DIVIDUAL 0RADICAL SUBJECTIVITY0 AS COMPLEM5T>Y & EQUALLY ESS5TIAL ASPECTS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PROJECT1 BUT )\T QUITE SUCCE$+ 9 BR++ !M TOGE!R 7?\< !Y C]TA9LY CAME CLOS] ?AN DID ! SURREALI/S1 :O TRI$ TO L9K CULTURAL & POLITICAL REVOLT SIMPLY BY DECL>+ !IR F]V5T ADHESION TO ONE OR ANO!R V]SION ( ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY74.<#a#f.> 

,WILDCATS & SITD[NS 

,WILDCAT /RIKES DO PRES5T 9T]E/+ POSSIBILITIES1 ESPECIALLY IF ! /RIK]S OCCUPY !IR WORKPLACE4 ,NOT ONLY DOES ?IS MAKE !IR POSITION MORE SECURE 7IT PREV5TS LOCK\TS & SCABB+1 & ! MA*9ES & PRODUCTS S]VE AS HO/AGES AGA9/ REPRESSION71 IT BR+S EV]YONE TOGE!R1 VIRTUALLY GU>ANTEE+ COLLECTIVE SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ! /RUGGLE & H9T+ AT ! IDEA ( SELF-MANAG+ ! :OLE SOCIETY4 

,ONCE ! USUAL OP]ATION HAS BE5 /OPP$1 EV]Y?+ TAKES ON A DIFF]5T AMBIANCE4 ,A DRAB WORKPLACE MAY BE TRANSFIGUR$ 9TO AN ALMO/ SACR$ SPACE ?AT IS JEAL\SLY GU>D$ AGA9/ ! PR(ANE 9TRUSION ( BOSSES OR POLICE4 ,AN OBS]V] ( ! #aicg SITD[N /RIKE 9 ,FL9T1 ,MI*IGAN1 DESCRIB$ ! /RIK]S AS 0*ILDR5 PLAY+ AT A NEW & FASC9AT+ GAME4 ,!Y HAD MADE A PALACE \T ( :AT HAD BE5 !IR PRISON40 7,QUOT$ 9 ,SIDNEY ,F9E'S ,SIT-,D[N3 ,! ,G5]AL ,MOTORS ,/RIKE ( #a#i#c#f-#a#i#c#g47 ,?\< ! AIM ( ! /RIKE WAS SIMPLY TO W9 ! RI<T TO UNIONIZE1 ITS ORGANIZATION WAS VIRTUALLY C\NCILI/4 ,DUR+ ! SIX WEEKS ?AT !Y LIV$ 9 !IR FACTORY 7US+ C> SEATS = B$S & C>S = CLOSETS7 A G5]AL ASSEMBLY ( ALL #ab WORK]S MET TWICE DAILY TO DET]M9E POLICIES REG>D+ FOOD1 SANITATION1 9=MATION1 $UCATION1 COMPLA9TS1 COMMUNICATION1 SECURITY1 DEF5SE1 SPORTS & RECREATION1 & TO ELECT ACC\NTABLE & FREQU5TLY ROTAT$ COMMITTEES TO IMPLEM5T !M4 ,!RE WAS EV5 A ,RUMOR ,COMMITTEE1 :OSE PURPOSE WAS TO C\NT]ACT DIS9=MATION BY TRACK+ D[N ! S\RCE & *ECK+ ! VALIDITY ( EV]Y RUMOR4 ,\TSIDE ! FACTORY1 /RIK]S' WIVES TOOK C>E ( R\ND+ UP FOOD & ORGANIZ+ PICKETS1 PUBLICITY1 & LIAISON ) WORK]S 9 O!R CITIES4 ,SOME ( ! BOLD] ONES ORGANIZ$ A ,WOM5'S ,EM]G5CY ,BRIGADE :I* HAD A CONT+5CY PLAN TO =M A BUFF] ZONE 9 CASE ( A POLICE ATTACK ON ! FACTORIES4 0,IF ! POLICE WANT TO FIRE !N !Y'LL JU/ HAVE TO FIRE 9TO US40 

,UN=TUNATELY1 AL?\< WORK]S RETA9 A PIVOTAL POSITION 9 SOME CRUCIAL >EAS 7UTILITIES1 COMMUNICATION1 TRANSPORTATION71 WORK]S 9 MANY O!R SECTORS HAVE LESS LEV]AGE ?AN !Y US$ TO4 ,MULT9ATIONAL COMPANIES USUALLY HAVE L>GE RES]VES & CAN WAIT IT \T OR %IFT OP]ATIONS TO O!R C\NTRIES1 :ILE WORK]S HAVE A H>D TIME HOLD+ \T )\T WAGES COM+ 94 ,F> FROM ?REAT5+ ANY?+ ESS5TIAL1 MANY PRES5T-DAY /RIKES >E M]E APPEALS TO PO/PONE %UTT+ D[N OBSOLETE 9DU/RIES ?AT >E LOS+ MONEY4 ,?US1 :ILE ! /RIKE REMA9S ! MO/ BASIC WORK] TACTIC1 WORK]S MU/ ALSO DEVISE O!R =MS ( ON-!-JOB /RUGGLE & F9D WAYS TO L9K UP ) /RUGGLES ON O!R T]RA9S4 

,CONSUM] /RIKES 

,LIKE WORK] /RIKES1 CONSUM] /RIKES 7BOYCOTTS7 DEP5D ON BO? ! LEV]AGE !Y CAN EX]T & ! SUPPORT !Y CAN 5LI/4 ,!RE >E SO MANY BOYCOTTS 9 FAVOR ( SO MANY CAUSES ?AT1 EXCEPT = A FEW BAS$ ON SOME GL>+LY CLE> MORAL ISSUE1 MO/ ( !M FAIL4 ,AS IS SO (T5 ! CASE 9 SOCIAL /RUGGLES1 ! MO/ FRUITFUL CONSUM] /RIKES >E ?OSE 9 :I* PEOPLE >E FI<T+ DIRECTLY = !MSELVES1 SU* AS ! E>LY CIVIL RI<TS BOYCOTTS 9 ! ,S\? OR ! 0SELF-R$UCTION0 MOVEM5TS 9 ,ITALY & ELSE:]E 9 :I* :OLE COMMUNITIES HAVE DECID$ TO PAY ONLY A C]TA9 P]C5TAGE ( UTILITY BILLS OR MASS TRANSIT F>ES4 ,A R5T /RIKE IS A P>TICUL>LY SIMPLE & P[]FUL ACTION1 BUT IT'S DIFFICULT TO A*IEVE ! DEGREE ( UNITY NECESS>Y TO GET ONE />T$ EXCEPT AMONG ?OSE :O HAVE NO?+ TO LOSE2 :I* IS :Y ! MO/ EXEMPL>Y *ALL5GES TO ! FETI% ( PRIVATE PROP]TY >E BE+ MADE BY HOMELESS SQUATT]S4 

,9 :AT MI<T BE CALL$ REV]SE BOYCOTTS1 PEOPLE SOMETIMES JO9 9 SUPPORT+ SOME POPUL> 9/ITUTION ?AT IS ?REAT5$4 ,RAIS+ MONEY = A LOCAL S*OOL OR LIBR>Y OR ALT]NATIVE 9/ITUTION IS USUALLY FAIRLY BANAL1 BUT SU* MOVEM5TS OCCASIONALLY G5]ATE A SALUT>Y PUBLIC DEBATE4 ,9 #aigd /RIK+ REPORT]S TOOK OV] A MAJOR ,S\? ,KOREAN NEWSPAP] & BEGAN PUBLI%+ EXPOSES ( GOV]NM5T LIES & REPRESSION4 ,9 AN EF=T TO BANKRUPT ! PAP] )\T HAV+ TO OP5LY SUPPRESS IT1 ! GOV]NM5T PRESSUR$ ALL ! ADV]TIZ]S TO REMOVE !IR ADS FROM ! PAP]4 ,! PUBLIC RESPOND$ BY BUY+ ?\S&S ( 9DIVIDUAL ADS1 US+ !IR SPACE = P]SONAL /ATEM5TS1 POEMS1 QUOTATIONS FROM ,TOM ,PA9E1 ETC4 ,! 0,FRE$OM ( ,SPEE* ,SUPPORT ,COLUMN0 SOON FILL$ SEV]AL PAGES ( EA* ISSUE & CIRCULATION 9CREAS$ SIGNIFICANTLY BE=E ! PAP] WAS F9ALLY SUPPRESS$4 

,BUT CONSUM] /RUGGLES >E LIMIT$ BY ! FACT ?AT CONSUM]S >E AT ! RECEIV+ 5D ( ! ECONOMIC CYCLE3 !Y MAY EX]T A C]TA9 AM\NT ( PRESSURE ?R\< PROTE/S OR BOYCOTTS OR RIOTS1 BUT !Y DON'T CONTROL ! ME*ANISMS ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 ! ABOVE-M5TION$ ,KOREAN 9CID5T1 = EXAMPLE1 ! PUBLIC P>TICIPATION WAS ONLY MADE POSSIBLE BY ! WORK]S' TAKEOV] ( ! PAP]4 

,A P>TICUL>LY 9T]E/+ & EXEMPL>Y =M ( WORK] /RUGGLE IS :AT IS SOMETIMES CALL$ A 0SOCIAL /RIKE0 OR 0GIVEAWAY /RIKE10 9 :I* PEOPLE C>RY ON ) !IR JOBS BUT 9 WAYS ?AT PREFIGURE A FREE SOCIAL ORD]3 WORK]S GIV+ AWAY GOODS !Y HAVE PRODUC$1 CL]KS UND]*>G+ CU/OM]S1 TRANSPORTATION WORK]S LETT+ EV]YONE RIDE FREE4 ,9 ,FEBRU>Y #aiha #a#a1 TELEPHONE WORK]S OCCUPI$ EX*ANGES ?R\<\T ,BRITI% ,COLUMBIA & C>RI$ ON ALL PHONE S]VICES )\T *>GE = SIX DAYS BE=E BE+ MANEUV]$ \T BY !IR UNION4 ,BESIDES W9N+ MANY ( !IR DEM&S1 !Y SEEM TO HAVE HAD A DELI<TFUL TIME4.<#a#g.> ,ONE CAN IMAG9E WAYS ( GO+ FUR!R & BECOM+ MORE SELECTIVE1 SU* AS BLOCK+ BUS9ESS & GOV]NM5T CALLS :ILE LETT+ P]SONAL CALLS GO ?R\< FREE4 ,PO/AL WORK]S C\LD DO LIKEWISE ) MAIL2 TRANSPORTATION WORK]S C\LD CONT9UE TO %IP NECESS>Y GOODS :ILE REFUS+ TO TRANSPORT POLICE OR TROOPS444 

,BUT ?IS TYPE ( /RIKE W\LD MAKE NO S5SE = ?AT L>GE MAJORITY ( WORK]S :OSE JOBS S]VE NO S5SIBLE PURPOSE4 7,! BE/ ?+ ?AT SU* WORK]S CAN DO IS TO PUBLICLY D5\NCE ! ABSURDITY ( !IR [N WORK1 AS SOME AD DESIGN]S NICELY DID DUR+ ,MAY #a#i#f#h47 ,MOREOV]1 EV5 USEFUL WORK IS (T5 SO P>CELIZ$ ?AT ISOLAT$ GR\PS ( WORK]S CAN IMPLEM5T FEW *ANGES ON !IR [N4 ,& EV5 ! SMALL M9ORITY :O HAPP5 TO PRODUCE F9I%$ & SALABLE PRODUCTS 7AS DID ! WORK]S :O 9 #aigc TOOK OV] ! BANKRUPT ,LIP WAT* FACTORY 9 ,BESANCON1 ,FRANCE1 & />T$ RUNN+ IT = !MSELVES7 USUALLY REMA9 DEP5D5T ON COMM]CIAL F9ANC+ & DI/RIBUTION NETWORKS4 ,9 ! EXCEPTIONAL CASE :]E SU* WORK]S MAKE A GO ( IT ON !IR [N1 !Y SIMPLY BECOME ONE MORE CAPITALI/ COMPANY2 MORE (T51 !IR SELF-MANAGEM5T 9NOVATIONS M]ELY 5D UP RATIONALIZ+ ! OP]ATION = ! B5EFIT ( ! [N]S4 ,A 0,/RASB\RG ( ! FACTORIES0 MI<T OCCUR IF WORK]S F9D+ !MSELVES 9 A ,LIP-TYPE SITUATION USE ! FACILITIES & PUBLICITY IT GIVES !M TO GO F>!R ?AN ! ,LIP WORK]S 7:O W]E /RUGGL+ SIMPLY TO SAVE !IR JOBS7 BY CALL+ ON O!RS TO JO9 !M 9 SUP]S$+ ! :OLE SY/EM ( COMMODITY PRODUCTION & WAGE LABOR4 ,BUT ?IS IS UNLIKELY TO HAPP5 UNTIL !RE IS A SUFFICI5TLY WIDESPREAD MOVEM5T TO 5L>GE PEOPLE'S P]SPECTIVES & (FSET ! RISKS -- AS 9 ,MAY #a#i#f#h1 :5 MO/ ( ! FACTORIES ( ,FRANCE W]E OCCUPI$3 

,:AT C\LD HAVE HAPP5$ 9 ,MAY #aifh 

,IF1 9 A S+LE L>GE FACTORY1 BETWE5 #af ,MAY & #c ,MAY1 A G5]AL ASSEMBLY HAD CON/ITUT$ ITSELF AS A C\NCIL HOLD+ ALL P[]S ( DECISION & EXECUTION1 EXPELL+ ! BUREAUCRATS1 ORGANIZ+ ITS SELF-DEF5SE & CALL+ ON ! /RIK]S ( ALL ! 5T]PRISES TO L9K UP ) IT1 ?IS QUALITATIVE /EP C\LD HAVE IMM$IATELY BR\<T ! MOVEM5T TO ! ULTIMATE %[D[N444 ,A V]Y L>GE NUMB] ( 5T]PRISES W\LD HAVE FOLL[$ ! C\RSE ?US DISCOV]$4 ,?IS FACTORY C\LD IMM$IATELY HAVE TAK5 ! PLACE ( ! DUBI\S & 9 EV]Y S5SE ECC5TRIC ,SORBONNE ( ! FIR/ DAYS & HAVE BECOME ! REAL C5T] ( ! OCCUPATIONS MOVEM5T3 G5U9E DELEGATES FROM ! NUM]\S C\NCILS ?AT ALREADY VIRTUALLY EXI/$ 9 SOME ( ! OCCUPI$ BUILD+S1 & FROM ALL ! C\NCILS ?AT C\LD HAVE IMPOS$ !MSELVES 9 ALL ! BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY1 W\LD HAVE RALLI$ >\ND ?IS BASE4 ,SU* AN ASSEMBLY C\LD !N HAVE PROCLAIM$ ! EXPROPRIATION ( ALL CAPITAL1 9CLUD+ /ATE CAPITAL2 ANN\NC$ ?AT ALL ! C\NTRY'S MEANS ( PRODUCTION W]E H5CE=? ! COLLECTIVE PROP]TY ( ! PROLET>IAT ORGANIZ$ 9 DIRECT DEMOCRACY2 & APPEAL$ DIRECTLY 7BY F9ALLY SEIZ+ SOME ( ! TELECOMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES1 = EXAMPLE7 TO ! WORK]S ( ! 5TIRE WORLD TO SUPPORT ?IS REVOLUTION4 ,SOME PEOPLE WILL SAY ?AT SU* A HYPO!SIS IS UTOPIAN4 ,WE ANSW]3 ,IT IS PRECISELY BECAUSE ! OCCUPATIONS MOVEM5T WAS OBJECTIVELY AT SEV]AL MOM5TS ONLY AN H\R AWAY FROM SU* A RESULT ?AT IT SPREAD SU* T]ROR1 VISIBLE TO EV]YONE AT ! TIME 9 ! IMPOT5CE ( ! /ATE & ! PANIC ( ! SO-CALL$ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 & S9CE !N 9 ! CONSPIRACY ( SIL5CE CONC]N+ ITS GRAVITY4 .<,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 PP4 #b#c#d-#b#c#e .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION PP4 #b#i#i-#c.> 7,BEG9N+ ( AN ,]A74.> 

,:AT PREV5T$ ?IS FROM HAPP5+ WAS ABOVE ALL ! LABOR UNIONS1 9 P>TICUL> ! L>GE/ ONE 9 ! C\NTRY3 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY-DOM9AT$ ,C,G,T4 ,9SPIR$ BY ! REBELLI\S Y\? :O HAD F\<T ! POLICE 9 ! /REETS & TAK5 OV] ! ,SORBONNE & O!R PUBLIC BUILD+S1 T5 MILLION WORK]S IGNOR$ !IR UNIONS & OCCUPI$ VIRTUALLY ALL ! FACTORIES & MANY ( ! (FICES 9 ! C\NTRY1 LAUN*+ ! FIR/ WILDCAT G5]AL /RIKE 9 HI/ORY4 ,BUT MO/ ( !SE WORK]S W]E UNCLE> 5\< AS TO :AT TO DO NEXT ?AT !Y ALL[$ ! UNION BUREAUCRACY TO 9S9UATE ITSELF 9TO ! MOVEM5T IT HAD TRI$ TO PREV5T4 ,! BUREAUCRATS DID EV]Y?+ !Y C\LD TO BRAKE & FRAGM5T ! MOVEM5T3 CALL+ BRIEF TOK5 /RIKES2 SETT+ UP PHONY 0RANK-&-FILE0 ORGANIZATIONS COMPOS$ ( LOYAL ,P>TY MEMB]S2 SEIZ+ CONTROL ( ! L\DSPEAK] SY/EMS2 RIGG+ ELECTIONS 9 FAVOR ( RETURN+ TO WORK2 & MO/ CRUCIALLY1 LOCK+ ! FACTORY GATES 9 ORD] TO KEEP WORK]S ISOLAT$ FROM EA* O!R & FROM ! O!R 9SURG5TS 7ON ! PRETEXT ( 0GU>D+ AGA9/ \TSIDE PROVOCATEURS074 ,! UNIONS !N PROCE$$ TO NEGOTIATE ) ! EMPLOY]S & ! GOV]NM5T A PACKAGE ( WAGE & VACATION BONUSES4 ,?IS BRIBE WAS EMPHATICALLY REJECT$ BY A L>GE MAJORITY ( ! WORK]S1 :O HAD ! S5SE1 H[EV] CONFUS$1 ?AT SOME MORE RADICAL *ANGE WAS ON ! AG5DA4 ,9 E>LY ,JUNE1 DE ,GAULLE'S PRES5T+ ! C>ROT_//ICK ALT]NATIVE ( NEW ELECTIONS OR CIVIL W> F9ALLY 9TIMIDAT$ MANY WORK]S 9TO RETURN+ TO WORK4 ,!RE W]E /ILL NUM]\S HOLD\TS1 BUT !IR ISOLATION FROM EA* O!R 5ABL$ ! UNIONS TO TELL EA* GR\P ?AT ALL ! O!RS HAD RESUM$ WORK1 SO ?AT !Y W\LD BELIEVE !Y W]E ALONE & GIVE UP4 

,ME?ODS ( CONFUSION & COOPTION 

,AS 9 ,MAY #a#i#f#h1 :5 ! MORE DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES >E ?REAT5$ ) A RADICAL SITUATION1 !Y USUALLY RELY ON CONFUSION1 CONCESSIONS1 CURFEWS1 DI/RACTIONS1 DIS9=MATION1 FRAGM5TATION1 PREEMPTION1 PO/PONEM5T & O!R ME?ODS ( DIV]T+1 DIVID+ & COOPT+ ! OPPOSITION1 RES]V+ OV]T PHYSICAL REPRESSION AS A LA/ RESORT4 ,!SE ME?ODS1 :I* RANGE FROM ! SUBTLE TO ! LUDICR\S1.<#a#h.> >E SO NUM]\S ?AT IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE H]E TO M5TION MORE ?AN A FEW4 

,A COMMON ME?OD ( CONFUS+ ! ISSUES IS TO DI/ORT ! APP>5T ALIGNM5T ( =CES BY PROJECT+ DIV]SE POSITIONS ONTO A L9E>1 LEFT-V]SUS-RI<T S*EMA1 IMPLY+ ?AT IF Y\ >E OPPOS$ TO ONE SIDE Y\ MU/ BE 9 FAVOR ( ! O!R4 ,! COMMUNISM-V]SUS-CAPITALISM SPECTACLE S]V$ ?IS PURPOSE = OV] HALF A C5TURY4 ,S9CE ! REC5T COLLAPSE ( ?AT F>CE1 ! T5D5CY HAS BE5 TO DECL>E A C5TRI/ PRAGMATIC GLOBAL CONS5SUS1 ) ANY OPPOSITION BE+ LUMP$ ) LUNATIC-FR+E 0EXTREMISMS0 7FASCISM & RELIGI\S FANATICISM ON ! RI<T1 T]RORISM & 0AN>*Y0 ON ! LEFT74 

,ONE ( ! CLASSIC DIVIDE-&-RULE ME?ODS HAS BE5 DISCUSS$ E>LI]3 5C\RAG+ ! EXPLOIT$ TO FRAGM5T 9TO A MULTITUDE ( N>R[ GR\P ID5TITIES1 :I* CAN BE MANIPULAT$ 9TO DIRECT+ !IR 5]GIES 9TO SQUABBL+ ) EA* O!R4 ,CONV]SELY1 OPPOS$ CLASSES CAN BE LUMP$ TOGE!R BY PATRIOTIC HY/]IA & O!R MEANS4 ,POPUL> FRONTS1 UNIT$ FRONTS & SIMIL> COALITIONS S]VE TO OBSCURE FUNDAM5TAL CONFLICTS ( 9T]E/ 9 ! NAME ( JO9T OPPOSITION TO A COMMON 5EMY 7B\RGEOISIE "4 PROLET>IAT V]SUS A REACTION>Y REGIME2 MILIT>Y-BUREAUCRATIC /RATA "4 PEASANTRY V]SUS =EIGN DOM9ATION74 ,9 SU* COALITIONS ! UPP] GR\P G5]ALLY HAS ! MAT]IAL & IDEOLOGICAL RES\RCES TO MA9TA9 ITS CONTROL OV] ! L[] GR\P1 :I* IS TRICK$ 9TO PO/PON+ SELF-ORGANIZ$ ACTION ON ITS [N BEHALF UNTIL IT'S TOO LATE4 ,BY ! TIME VICTORY HAS BE5 ATTA9$ OV] ! COMMON 5EMY1 ! UPP] GR\P HAS HAD TIME TO CONSOLIDATE ITS P[] 7(T5 9 A NEW ALLIANCE ) ELEM5TS ( ! DEFEAT$ 5EMY7 9 ORD] TO CRU% ! RADICAL ELEM5TS ( ! L[] GR\P4 

,ANY VE/IGE ( HI]>*Y )9 A RADICAL MOVEM5T WILL BE US$ TO DIVIDE & UND]M9E IT4 ,IF !RE >E NO COOPTABLE LEAD]S1 A FEW WILL BE CREAT$ BY 9T5SIVE M$IA EXPOSURE4 ,LEAD]S CAN BE PRIVATELY B>GA9$ ) & HELD RESPONSIBLE = !IR FOLL[]S2 ONCE !Y >E COOPT$1 !Y CAN E/ABLI% SIMIL> *A9S ( COMM& B5EA? !M1 5ABL+ A L>GE MASS ( PEOPLE TO BE BR\<T UND] CONTROL )\T ! RUL]S HAV+ TO DEAL ) ALL ( !M OP5LY & SIMULTANE\SLY4 

,COOPTION ( LEAD]S S]VES NOT ONLY TO SEP>ATE !M FROM ! PEOPLE1 BUT ALSO DIVIDES ! PEOPLE AMONG !MSELVES -- SOME SEE+ ! COOPTION AS A VICTORY1 O!RS D5\NC+ IT1 O!RS HESITAT+4 ,AS ATT5TION %IFTS FROM P>TICIPATORY ACTIONS TO ! SPECTACLE ( DI/ANT LEAD]-CELEBRITIES DEBAT+ DI/ANT ISSUES1 MO/ PEOPLE BECOME BOR$ & DISILLUSION$4 ,FEEL+ ?AT MATT]S >E \T ( !IR H&S 7P]HAPS EV5 SECRETLY RELIEV$ ?AT SOMEBODY ELSE IS TAK+ C>E ( !M71 !Y RETURN TO !IR PREVI\S PASSIVITY4 

,ANO!R ME?OD ( DISC\RAG+ POPUL> P>TICIPATION IS TO EMPHASIZE PROBLEMS ?AT SEEM TO REQUIRE SPECIALIZ$ EXP]TIZE4 ,A CLASSIC 9/ANCE WAS ! PLOY ( C]TA9 ,G]MAN MILIT>Y LEAD]S 9 #a#i#a#h1 AT ! MOM5T :5 ! WORK]S & SOLDI]S C\NCILS ?AT EM]G$ 9 ! WAKE ( ! ,G]MAN COLLAPSE AT ! 5D ( ,WORLD ,W> ,I POT5TIALLY HAD ! C\NTRY 9 !IR H&S3 

,ON ! EV5+ ( ,NOVEMB] #a1 :5 ! ,SUPREME ,COMM& WAS /ILL AT ,SPA1 A GR\P ( SEV5 5LI/$ M5 PRES5T$ !MSELVES AT HEADQU>T]S4 ,!Y W]E ! ',EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE' ( ! ,SUPREME ,HEADQU>T]S ,SOLDI]S' ,C\NCIL4 ,!IR DEM&S W]E SOME:AT UNCLE>1 BUT OBVI\SLY !Y EXPECT$ TO PLAY A ROLE 9 ! COMM& ( ! ,>MY DUR+ ITS RETREAT4 ,AT ! V]Y LEA/ !Y WANT$ ! RI<T TO C\NT]SIGN ! ,SUPREME ,COMM&'S ORD]S & TO 9SURE ?AT ! FIELD >MY WAS NOT US$ = ANY C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y PURPOSE4 ,! SEV5 SOLDI]S W]E C\RTE\SLY RECEIV$ BY A ,LIEUT5ANT ,COLONEL ,WILHELM VON ,FAUPEL1 :O HAD BE5 C>EFULLY REHE>S$ = ! OCCASION444 ,FAUPEL L$ ! DELEGATES 9TO ! ,SUPREME ,COMM&'S MAP ROOM4 ,EV]Y?+ WAS LAID \T ON A GIGANTIC MAP :I* OCCUPI$ ONE WALL3 ! HUGE COMPLEX ( ROADS1 RAILWAY L9ES1 BRIDGES1 SWIT*+ PO9TS1 PIPEL9ES1 COMM& PO/S & SUPPLY DUMPS -- ! :OLE AN 9TRICATE LACE ( R$1 GRE51 BLUE & BLACK L9ES CONV]G+ 9TO N>R[ BOTTL5ECKS AT ! CRUCIAL ,RH9E BRIDGES444 ,FAUPEL !N TURN$ TO !M4 ,! ,SUPREME ,COMM& HAD NO OBJECTION TO ! SOLDI]S' C\NCILS1 HE SAID1 BUT DID HIS HE>]S FEEL COMPET5T TO DIRECT ! G5]AL EVACUATION ( ! ,G]MAN ,>MY ALONG !SE L9ES ( COMMUNICATION8 444 ,! DISCONC]T$ SOLDI]S />$ UNEASILY AT ! IMM5SE MAP4 ,ONE ( !M ALL[$ ?AT ?IS WAS NOT :AT !Y HAD REALLY HAD 9 M9D -- ',?IS WORK CAN WELL BE LEFT TO ! (FIC]S4' ,9 ! 5D1 ! SEV5 SOLDI]S WILL+LY GAVE ! (FIC]S !IR SUPPORT4 ,MORE ?AN ?IS1 !Y PRACTICALLY BEGG$ ! (FIC]S TO RETA9 COMM&444 ,:5EV] A SOLDI]S' C\NCIL DELEGATION APPE>$ AT ,SUPREME ,HEADQU>T]S1 ,COLONEL ,FAUPEL WAS TROTT$ \T TO REPEAT HIS E>LI] P]=MANCE2 IT ALWAYS WORK$4 .<,RI*>D ,WATT1 ,! ,K+S ,DEP>T3 ,V]SAILLES & ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION4.> 

,T]RORISM RE9=CES ! /ATE 

,T]RORISM HAS (T5 S]V$ TO BREAK ! MOM5TUM ( RADICAL SITUATIONS4 ,IT /UNS PEOPLE1 TURNS !M BACK 9TO SPECTATORS ANXI\SLY FOLL[+ ! LATE/ NEWS & SPECULATIONS4 ,F> FROM WEAK5+ ! /ATE1 T]RORISM SEEMS TO CONFIRM ! NE$ TO /R5G!N IT4 ,IF T]RORI/ SPECTACLES FAIL TO SPONTANE\SLY >ISE :5 IT NE$S !M1 ! /ATE ITSELF MAY PRODUCE !M BY MEANS ( PROVOCATEURS4 7,SEE ,SANGU9ETTI'S ,ON ,T]RORISM & ! ,/ATE & ! LA/ HALF ( ,DEBORD'S ,PREFACE TO ! ,F\R? ,ITALIAN ,$ITION ( 0,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE407 

,A POPUL> MOVEM5T CAN H>DLY PREV5T 9DIVIDUALS FROM C>RY+ \T T]RORI/ OR O!R ?\<TLESS ACTIONS1 ACTIONS ?AT MAY SIDETRACK & DE/ROY IT AS SURELY AS IF !Y W]E ! WORK ( A PROVOCATEUR4 ,! ONLY SOLUTION IS TO CREATE A MOVEM5T ) SU* CONSI/5TLY =?RI<T & NONMANIPULATIVE TACTICS ?AT EV]YONE WILL RECOGNIZE 9DIVIDUAL /UPIDITIES OR POLICE PROVOCATIONS = :AT !Y >E4 

,AN ANTIHI]>*ICAL REVOLUTION CAN ONLY BE AN 0OP5 CONSPIRACY40 ,OBVI\SLY SOME ?+S REQUIRE SECRECY1 ESPECIALLY UND] ! MORE REPRESSIVE REGIMES4 ,BUT EV5 9 SU* CASES ! MEANS %\LD NOT BE 9CONSI/5T ) ! ULTIMATE GOAL3 ! SUP]SESSION ( ALL SEP>ATE P[] ?R\< ! CONSCI\S P>TICIPATION ( EV]YONE4 ,SECRECY (T5 HAS ! ABSURD RESULT ?AT ! POLICE >E ! ONLY ONES :O KN[ :AT IS HAPP5+1 & >E ?US ABLE TO 9FILTRATE & MANIPULATE A RADICAL GR\P )\T ANYONE ELSE BE+ AW>E ( IT4 ,! BE/ DEF5SE AGA9/ 9FILTRATION IS TO MAKE SURE !RE'S NO?+ ( ANY IMPORTANCE TO 9FILTRATE1 I4E4 ?AT NO RADICAL ORGANIZATION WIELDS ANY SEP>ATE P[]4 ,! BE/ SAFETY IS 9 NUMB]S3 ONCE ?\S&S ( PEOPLE >E OP5LY 9VOLV$1 IT H>DLY MATT]S IF A FEW SPIES >E AMONG !M4 

,EV5 9 SMALL GR\P ACTIONS SAFETY (T5 LIES 9 MAXIMUM PUBLICITY4 ,:5 SOME ( ! ,/RASB\RG SC&AL P>TICIPANTS />T$ TO GET COLD FEET & SUGGE/$ TON+ ?+S D[N1 ,MU/APHA ,KHAYATI 7! ,S,I DELEGATE :O WAS ! MA9 AU?OR ( ! ,/UD5T ,POV]TY PAMPHLET7 PO9T$ \T ?AT ! SAFE/ C\RSE W\LD NOT BE TO AVOID (F5D+ ! AU?ORITIES TOO MU* -- AS IF !Y W\LD BE GRATEFUL = BE+ ONLY MOD]ATELY & HESITANTLY 9SULT$6 -- BUT TO P]PETRATE SU* A WIDELY PUBLICIZ$ SC&AL ?AT !Y W\LDN'T D>E RETALIATE4 

,! ULTIMATE %[D[N 

,TO GET BACK TO ! ,MAY #aifh FACTORY OCCUPATIONS1 SUPPOSE ?AT ! ,FR5* WORK]S HAD REJECT$ ! BUREAUCRATIC MANEUV]S & E/ABLI%$ A C\NCILI/ NETWORK ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 ,:AT !N8 

,9 SU* AN EV5TUALITY1 CIVIL W> W\LD NATURALLY HAVE BE5 9EVITABLE444 ,>M$ C\NT]REVOLUTION W\LD C]TA9LY HAVE BE5 LAUN*$ IMM$IATELY4 ,BUT IT W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 C]TA9 ( W9N+4 ,SOME ( ! TROOPS W\LD OBVI\SLY HAVE MUT9I$2 ! WORK]S W\LD HAVE FIGUR$ \T H[ TO GET WEAPONS1 & !Y C]TA9LY W\LD NOT HAVE BUILT ANY MORE B>RICADES -- A GOOD =M ( POLITICAL EXPRESSION AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! MOVEM5T1 BUT OBVI\SLY RIDICUL\S /RATEGICALLY444 ,=EIGN 9T]V5TION W\LD HAVE 9EVITABLY FOLL[$ 444 PROBABLY BEG9N+ ) ,N,A,T,O =CES1 BUT ) ! DIRECT OR 9DIRECT SUPPORT ( ! ,W>SAW ,PACT4 ,BUT !N EV]Y?+ W\LD ONCE AGA9 HAVE H+$ ON ! ,EUROPEAN PROLET>IAT3 D\BLE OR NO?+4 .<,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 P4 #bce .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION PP4 #c-#c#a.> 7,BEG9N+ ( AN ,]A74.> 

,R\<LY SPEAK+1 ! SIGNIFICANCE ( >M$ /RUGGLE V>IES 9V]SELY ) ! DEGREE ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,9 ! MO/ UND]DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES SOCIAL /RUGGLES T5D TO BE R$UC$ TO MILIT>Y /RUGGLES1 BECAUSE )\T >MS !RE IS LITTLE ?AT ! IMPOV]I%$ MASSES CAN DO ?AT WILL NOT HURT !M MORE ?AN ! RUL]S1 ESPECIALLY :5 !IR TRADITIONAL SELF-SUFFICI5CY HAS BE5 DE/ROY$ BY A ONE-CROP ECONOMY GE>$ = EXPORT4 7,BUT EV5 IF !Y W9 MILIT>ILY1 !Y CAN USUALLY BE OV]P[]$ BY =EIGN 9T]V5TION OR PRESSUR$ 9TO COMPLIANCE ) ! GLOBAL ECONOMY1 UNLESS P>ALLEL REVOLUTIONS ELSE:]E OP5 UP NEW FRONTS47 

,9 MORE DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES >M$ =CE HAS RELATIVELY LESS SIGNIFICANCE1 ?\< IT CAN1 ( C\RSE1 /ILL BE AN IMPORTANT FACTOR AT C]TA9 CRITICAL JUNCTURES4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE1 ?\< NOT V]Y EFFICI5T1 TO =CE PEOPLE TO DO SIMPLE MANUAL LABOR AT GUNPO9T4 ,IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO DO ?IS ) PEOPLE :O WORK ) PAP] OR COMPUT]S )9 A COMPLEX 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY -- !RE >E TOO MANY OPPORTUNITIES = TR\BLESOME YET UNTRACEABLE 0MI/AKES40 ,MOD]N CAPITALISM REQUIRES A C]TA9 AM\NT ( COOP]ATION & EV5 SEMICREATIVE P>TICIPATION FROM ITS WORK]S4 ,NO L>GE 5T]PRISE C\LD FUNCTION = A DAY )\T ITS WORK]S' SPONTANE\S SELF-ORGANIZATION1 REACT+ TO UN=ESE5 PROBLEMS1 COMP5SAT+ = MANAG]S' MI/AKES1 ETC4 ,IF WORK]S 5GAGE 9 A 0WORK-TO-RULE0 /RIKE 9 :I* !Y DO NO?+ MORE ?AN /RICTLY FOLL[ ALL ! (FICIAL REGULATIONS1 ! :OLE OP]ATION WILL BE SL[$ D[N OR EV5 BR\<T TO A COMPLETE HALT 7=C+ ! MANAG]S1 :O >E UNABLE TO OP5LY CONDEMN SU* /RICTNESS1 9TO ! AMUS+LY AWKW>D POSITION ( HAV+ TO H9T TO ! WORK]S ?AT !Y %\LD GET ON ) !IR WORK )\T BE+ QUITE SO RIGOR\S74 ,! SY/EM SURVIVES ONLY BECAUSE MO/ WORK]S >E RELATIVELY APA!TIC &1 9 ORD] NOT TO CAUSE TR\BLE = !MSELVES1 COOP]ATE 5\< TO KEEP ?+S GO+4 

,ISOLAT$ REVOLTS MAY BE REPRESS$ ONE AT A TIME2 BUT IF A MOVEM5T SPREADS FA/ 5\<1 AS 9 ,MAY #a#i#f#h1 A FEW HUNDR$ ?\S& SOLDI]S & POLICE CAN H>DLY DO ANY?+ 9 ! FACE ( T5 MILLION /RIK+ WORK]S4 ,SU* A MOVEM5T CAN BE DE/ROY$ ONLY FROM ! 9SIDE4 ,IF ! PEOPLE DON'T KN[ :AT !Y NE$ TO DO1 >MS CAN SC>CELY HELP !M2 IF !Y DO KN[1 >MS CAN SC>CELY /OP !M4 

,ONLY AT C]TA9 MOM5TS >E PEOPLE 0TOGE!R0 5\< TO REVOLT SUCCESSFULLY4 ,! MORE LUCID RUL]S KN[ ?AT !Y >E SAFE IF !Y CAN ONLY DISP]SE SU* ?REATS BE=E !Y DEVELOP TOO MU* MOM5TUM & SELF-AW>5ESS1 :E!R BY DIRECT PHYSICAL REPRESSION OR BY ! V>I\S SORTS ( DIV]SION M5TION$ ABOVE4 ,IT H>DLY MATT]S IF ! PEOPLE LAT] F9D \T ?AT !Y W]E TRICK$1 ?AT !Y HAD VICTORY 9 !IR H&S IF !Y HAD ONLY KN[N IT3 ONCE ! OPPORTUNITY HAS PASS$1 IT'S TOO LATE4 

,ORD9>Y SITUATIONS >E FULL ( CONFUSIONS1 BUT MATT]S >E G5]ALLY NOT SO URG5T4 ,9 A RADICAL SITUATION ?+S >E BO? SIMPLIFI$ & SPE$$ UP3 ! ISSUES BECOME CLE>]1 BUT !RE IS LESS TIME TO RESOLVE !M4 

,! EXTREME CASE IS DRAMATIZ$ 9 A FAM\S SC5E 9 ,EIS5/E9'S ,POTEMK94 ,MUT9\S SAILORS1 HEADS COV]$ BY A T>P1 HAVE BE5 L9$ UP TO BE %OT4 ,GU>DS AIM !IR RIFLES & >E GIV5 ! ORD] TO FIRE4 ,ONE ( ! SAILORS CRIES \T3 0,BRO!RS6 ,DO Y\ REALIZE :O Y\ >E %OOT+80 ,! GU>DS WAV]4 ,! ORD] IS GIV5 AGA94 ,AFT] A SUSP5SEFUL HESITATION ! GU>DS L[] !IR WEAPONS4 ,!Y HELP ! SAILORS TO RAID ! >MORY1 TOGE!R !Y TURN AGA9/ ! (FIC]S1 & ! BATTLE IS SOON WON4 

,NOTE ?AT EV5 9 ?IS VIOL5T %[D[N ! \TCOME IS MORE A MATT] ( CONSCI\SNESS ?AN ( BRUTE P[]3 ONCE ! GU>DS COME OV] TO ! SAILORS1 ! FI<T IS EFFECTIVELY OV]4 7,! REMA9D] ( ,EIS5/E9'S SC5E -- A DRAWN-\T /RUGGLE BETWE5 AN (FIC] VILLA9 & A M>TYRIZ$ REVOLUTION>Y H]O -- IS M]E MELODRAMA47 ,9 CONTRA/ TO W>1 9 :I* TWO DI/9CT SIDES CONSCI\SLY OPPOSE EA* O!R1 0CLASS /RUGGLE IS NOT JU/ A BATTLE WAG$ AGA9/ AN EXT]NAL 5EMY1 ! B\RGEOISIE2 IT IS EQUALLY ! /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT AGA9/ ITSELF3 AGA9/ ! DEVA/AT+ & DEGRAD+ EFFECTS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM ON ITS CLASS CONSCI\SNESS0 7,LUKACS1 ,HI/ORY & ,CLASS ,CONSCI\SNESS74 ,MOD]N REVOLUTION HAS ! PECULI> QUALITY ?AT ! EXPLOIT$ MAJORITY AUTOMATICALLY W9S AS SOON AS IT BECOMES COLLECTIVELY AW>E ( ! GAME IT IS PLAY+4 ,! PROLET>IAT'S OPPON5T IS ULTIMATELY NO?+ BUT ! PRODUCT ( ITS [N ALI5AT$ ACTIVITY1 :E!R 9 ! ECONOMIC =M ( CAPITAL1 ! POLITICAL =M ( P>TY & UNION BUREAUCRACIES1 OR ! PSY*OLOGICAL =M ( SPECTACUL> CONDITION+4 ,! RUL]S >E SU* A T9Y M9ORITY ?AT !Y W\LD BE IMM$IATELY OV]:ELM$ IF !Y HAD NOT MANAG$ TO BAMBOOZLE A L>GE PORTION ( ! POPULATION 9TO ID5TIFY+ ) !M1 OR AT LEA/ 9TO TAK+ !IR SY/EM = GRANT$2 & ESPECIALLY 9TO BECOM+ DIVID$ AGA9/ EA* O!R4 

,! T>P1 :I* DEHUMANIZES ! MUT9E]S1 MAK+ IT EASI] = ! GU>DS TO %OOT !M1 SYMBOLIZES ?IS DIVIDE-&-RULE TACTIC4 ,! 0,BRO!RS60 %\T REPRES5TS ! C\NT]TACTIC ( FRAT]NIZATION4 

,:ILE FRAT]NIZATION REFUTES LIES AB\T :AT IS HAPP5+ ELSE:]E1 ITS GREATE/ P[] PROBABLY /EMS FROM ! EMOTIONAL EFFECT ( DIRECT HUMAN 5C\NT]1 :I* REM9DS SOLDI]S ?AT ! 9SURG5TS >E PEOPLE NOT ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T FROM !MSELVES4 ,! /ATE NATURALLY TRIES TO PREV5T SU* CONTACT BY BR++ 9 TROOPS FROM O!R REGIONS :O >E UNFAMILI> ) :AT HAS TAK5 PLACE & :O1 IF POSSIBLE1 DON'T EV5 SPEAK ! SAME LANGUAGE2 & BY QUICKLY REPLAC+ !M IF !Y NEV]!LESS BECOME TOO CONTAM9AT$ BY REBELLI\S IDEAS4 7,SOME ( ! ,RUSSIAN TROOPS S5T 9 TO CRU% ! #aief ,HUNG>IAN REVOLUTION W]E TOLD ?AT !Y W]E 9 ,G]MANY & ?AT ! PEOPLE CONFRONT+ !M 9 ! /REETS W]E RESURG5T ,NAZIS67 

,9 ORD] TO EXPOSE & ELIM9ATE ! MO/ RADICAL ELEM5TS1 A GOV]NM5T SOMETIMES DELIB]ATELY PROVOKES A SITUATION ?AT WILL LEAD TO AN EXCUSE = VIOL5T REPRESSION4 ,?IS IS A DANG]\S GAME1 H[EV]1 BECAUSE1 AS 9 ! ,POTEMK9 9CID5T1 =C+ ! ISSUE MAY PROVOKE ! >M$ =CES TO COME OV] TO ! PEOPLE4 ,FROM ! RUL]S' /&PO9T1 ! OPTIMUM /RATEGY IS TO BR&I% JU/ 5\< ( A ?REAT ?AT !RE IS NO NE$ TO RISK ! ULTIMATE %[D[N4 ,?IS WORK$ 9 ,POL& 9 #a#i#h-#h#a4 ,! ,RUSSIAN BUREAUCRATS KNEW ?AT TO 9VADE ,POL& MI<T BR+ AB\T !IR [N D[NFALL2 BUT ! CON/ANTLY H9T$ ?REAT ( SU* AN 9VASION SUCCESSFULLY 9TIMIDAT$ ! RADICAL ,POLI% WORK]S1 :O C\LD EASILY HAVE OV]?R[N ! /ATE1 9TO TOL]AT+ ! P]SI/5CE ( MILIT>Y-BUREAUCRATIC =CES )9 ,POL&4 ,! LATT] W]E EV5TUALLY ABLE TO REPRESS ! MOVEM5T )\T HAV+ TO CALL 9 ! ,RUSSIANS4 

,9T]NATIONALISM 

0,?OSE :O MAKE REVOLUTIONS HALF WAY ONLY DIG !IR [N GRAVES40 ,A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T CANNOT ATTA9 SOME LOCAL VICTORY & !N EXPECT TO PEACEFULLY COEXI/ ) ! SY/EM UNTIL IT'S READY TO TRY = A LITTLE MORE4 ,ALL EXI/+ P[]S WILL PUT ASIDE !IR DIFF]5CES 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY ANY TRULY RADICAL POPUL> MOVEM5T BE=E IT SPREADS4 ,IF !Y CAN'T CRU% IT MILIT>ILY1 !Y'LL /RANGLE IT ECONOMICALLY 7NATIONAL ECONOMIES >E N[ SO GLOBALLY 9T]DEP5D5T ?AT NO C\NTRY W\LD BE IMMUNE FROM SU* PRESSURE74 ,! ONLY WAY TO DEF5D A REVOLUTION IS TO EXT5D IT1 BO? QUALITATIVELY & GEOGRAPHICALLY4 ,! ONLY GU>ANTEE AGA9/ 9T]NAL REACTION IS ! MO/ RADICAL LIB]ATION ( EV]Y ASPECT ( LIFE4 ,! ONLY GU>ANTEE AGA9/ EXT]NAL 9T]V5TION IS ! MO/ RAPID 9T]NATIONALIZATION ( ! /RUGGLE4 

,! MO/ PR(\ND EXPRESSION ( 9T]NATIONALI/ SOLID>ITY IS1 ( C\RSE1 TO MAKE A P>ALLEL REVOLUTION 9 ONE'S [N C\NTRY 7#a#h#d#h1 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b1 #a#i#f#h74 ,%ORT ( ?IS1 ! MO/ URG5T TASK IS AT LEA/ TO PREV5T C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y 9T]V5TION FROM ONE'S [N C\NTRY1 AS :5 ,BRITI% WORK]S PRESSUR$ !IR GOV]NM5T NOT TO SUPPORT ! SLAVE /ATES DUR+ ! ,AM]ICAN ,CIVIL ,W> 7EV5 ?\< ?IS MEANT GREAT] UNEMPLOYM5T DUE TO LACK ( COTTON IMPORTS72 OR :5 ,WE/]N WORK]S /RUCK & MUT9I$ AGA9/ !IR GOV]NM5TS' ATTEMPTS TO SUPPORT ! REACTION>Y =CES DUR+ ! CIVIL W> FOLL[+ ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION2 OR :5 PEOPLE 9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA OPPOS$ !IR C\NTRIES' REPRESSION ( ANTICOLONIAL REVOLTS4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 EV5 SU* M9IMAL DEF5SIVE EF=TS >E FEW & F> BETWE54 ,POSITIVE 9T]NATIONALI/ SUPPORT IS EV5 MORE DIFFICULT4 ,AS LONG AS ! RUL]S REMA9 9 CONTROL ( ! MO/ P[]FUL C\NTRIES1 DIRECT P]SONAL RE9=CEM5T IS COMPLICAT$ & LIMIT$4 ,>MS & O!R SUPPLIES MAY BE 9T]CEPT$4 ,EV5 COMMUNICATIONS SOMETIMES DON'T GET ?R\< UNTIL IT'S TOO LATE4 

,ONE ?+ ?AT DOES GET ?R\< IS AN ANN\NCEM5T ?AT ONE GR\P IS REL9QUI%+ ITS P[] OR CLAIMS OV] ANO!R4 ,! #aicf FASCI/ REVOLT 9 ,SPA91 = EXAMPLE1 HAD ONE ( ITS MA9 BASES 9 ,SPANI% ,MOROCCO4 ,MANY ( ,FRANCO'S TROOPS W]E ,MOROCCAN & ! ANTIFASCI/ =CES C\LD HAVE EXPLOIT$ ?IS FACT BY DECL>+ ,MOROCCO 9DEP5D5T1 !REBY 5C\RAG+ A REVOLT AT ,FRANCO'S RE> & DIVID+ HIS =CES4 ,! PROBABLE SPREAD ( SU* A REVOLT TO O!R ,>AB C\NTRIES W\LD AT ! SAME TIME HAVE DIV]T$ ,MUSSOL9I'S =CES1 :I* W]E SUPPORT+ ,FRANCO1 TO DEF5D ,ITALY'S ,NOR? ,AFRICAN POSSESSIONS4 ,BUT ! LEAD]S ( ! ,SPANI% ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5T REJECT$ ?IS IDEA = FE> ?AT SU* AN 5C\RAGEM5T ( ANTICOLONIALISM W\LD AL>M ,FRANCE & ,5GL&1 FROM :OM !Y W]E HOP+ = AID4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY ?IS AID NEV] CAME ANYWAY4.<#a#i.> 

,SIMIL>LY1 IF1 BE=E ! ,KHOME9II/S HAD BE5 ABLE TO CONSOLIDATE !IR P[]1 ! 9SURG5T ,IRANIANS 9 #aigi HAD SUPPORT$ TOTAL AUTONOMY = ! ,KURDS1 ,BALU*IS & ,AZ]BAIJANS1 ?IS W\LD HAVE WON !M AS FIRM ALLIES ( ! MO/ RADICAL ,IRANIAN T5D5CIES & MI<T HAVE SPREAD ! REVOLUTION TO ! ADJAC5T C\NTRIES :]E OV]LAPP+ PORTIONS ( ?OSE PEOPLES LIVE1 :ILE SIMULTANE\SLY UND]M9+ ! ,KHOME9II/ REACTION>IES 9 ,IRAN4 

,5C\RAG+ O!RS' AUTONOMY DOES NOT IMPLY SUPPORT+ ANY ORGANIZATION OR REGIME ?AT MI<T TAKE ADVANTAGE ( IT4 ,IT'S SIMPLY A MATT] ( LEAV+ ! ,MOROCCANS1 ! ,KURDS1 OR :OMEV] TO WORK \T !IR [N AFFAIRS4 ,! HOPE IS ?AT ! EXAMPLE ( AN ANTIHI]>*ICAL REVOLUTION 9 ONE C\NTRY WILL 9SPIRE O!RS TO CONTE/ !IR [N HI]>*IES4 

,IT'S \R ONLY HOPE1 BUT NOT AN 5TIRELY UNREALI/IC ONE4 ,! CONTAGION ( A G5U9ELY LIB]AT$ MOVEM5T %\LD NEV] BE UND]E/IMAT$4 

,*APT] #d3 ,REBIR? 

0,IT WILL1 ( C\RSE1 BE SAID ?AT SU* A S*EME AS IS SET =? H]E IS QUITE IMPRACTICAL1 & GOES AGA9/ HUMAN NATURE4 ,?IS IS P]FECTLY TRUE4 ,IT IS IMPRACTICAL1 & IT GOES AGA9/ HUMAN NATURE4 ,?IS IS :Y IT IS WOR? C>RY+ \T1 & ?AT IS :Y ONE PROPOSES IT4 ,= :AT IS A PRACTICAL S*EME8 ,A PRACTICAL S*EME IS EI!R A S*EME ?AT IS ALREADY 9 EXI/5CE1 OR A S*EME ?AT C\LD BE C>RI$ \T UND] EXI/+ CONDITIONS4 ,BUT IT IS EXACTLY ! EXI/+ CONDITIONS ?AT ONE OBJECTS TO2 & ANY S*EME ?AT C\LD ACCEPT !SE CONDITIONS IS WRONG & FOOLI%4 ,! CONDITIONS WILL BE DONE AWAY )1 & HUMAN NATURE WILL *ANGE4 ,! ONLY ?+ ?AT ONE REALLY KN[S AB\T HUMAN NATURE IS ?AT IT *ANGES4 ,*ANGE IS ! ONE QUALITY WE CAN PR$ICATE ( IT4 ,! SY/EMS ?AT FAIL >E ?OSE ?AT RELY ON ! P]MAN5CY ( HUMAN NATURE1 & NOT ON ITS GR[? & DEVELOPM5T40 

-- ,OSC> ,WILDE1 ,! ,S\L ( ,MAN ,UND] ,SOCIALISM 

,UTOPIANS FAIL TO 5VISION PO/REVOLUTION>Y DIV]SITY 

,M>X CONSID]$ IT PRESUMPTU\S TO ATTEMPT TO PR$ICT H[ PEOPLE W\LD LIVE 9 A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY4 0,IT WILL BE UP TO ?OSE PEOPLE TO DECIDE IF1 :5 & :AT !Y WANT TO DO AB\T IT1 & :AT MEANS TO EMPLOY4 ,I DON'T FEEL QUALIFI$ TO (F] !M ANY ADVICE ON ?IS MATT]4 ,!Y WILL PRESUMABLY BE AT LEA/ AS CLEV] AS WE >E0 7LETT] TO ,KAUTSKY1 #a ,FEBRU>Y #a#h#h#a74 ,HIS MODE/Y 9 ?IS REG>D COMP>ES FAVORABLY ) ?OSE :O ACCUSE HIM ( >ROGANCE & AU?ORIT>IANISM :ILE !MSELVES NOT HESITAT+ TO PROJECT !IR [N FANCIES 9TO PRON\NCEM5TS AS TO :AT SU* A SOCIETY CAN OR CANNOT BE4 

,IT IS TRUE1 H[EV]1 ?AT IF ,M>X HAD BE5 A LITTLE MORE EXPLICIT AB\T :AT HE 5VISION$1 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 ?AT MU* MORE DIFFICULT = ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRATS TO PRET5D TO BE IMPLEM5T+ HIS IDEAS4 ,AN EXACT BLUEPR9T ( A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY IS NEI!R POSSIBLE NOR NECESS>Y1 BUT PEOPLE MU/ HAVE SOME S5SE ( ITS NATURE & FEASIBILITY4 ,! BELIEF ?AT !RE IS NO PRACTICAL ALT]NATIVE TO ! PRES5T SY/EM IS ONE ( ! ?+S ?AT KEEPS PEOPLE RESIGN$4 

,UTOPIAN SPECULATIONS CAN HELP FREE US FROM ! HABIT ( TAK+ ! /ATUS QUO = GRANT$1 GET US ?9K+ AB\T :AT WE REALLY WANT & :AT MI<T BE POSSIBLE4 ,:AT MAKES !M 0UTOPIAN0 9 ! PEJORATIVE S5SE ?AT ,M>X & ,5GELS CRITICIZ$ IS ! FAILURE TO TAKE PRES5T CONDITIONS 9TO CONSID]ATION4 ,!RE IS USUALLY NO S]I\S NOTION ( H[ WE MI<T GET FROM H]E TO !RE4 ,IGNOR+ ! SY/EM'S REPRESSIVE & COOPTIVE P[]S1 UTOPIAN AU?ORS G5]ALLY 5VISION SOME SIMPLI/IC CUMULATIVE *ANGE1 IMAG9+ ?AT1 ) ! SPREAD ( UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES OR UTOPIAN IDEAS1 MORE & MORE PEOPLE WILL BE 9SPIR$ TO JO9 9 & ! OLD SY/EM WILL SIMPLY COLLAPSE4 

,I HOPE ! PRES5T TEXT HAS GIV5 SOME MORE REALI/IC IDEAS ( H[ A NEW SOCIETY MI<T COME AB\T4 ,9 ANY CASE1 AT ?IS PO9T ,I AM GO+ TO JUMP AHEAD & DO A LITTLE SPECULAT+ MYSELF4 

,TO SIMPLIFY MATT]S1 LET US ASSUME ?AT A VICTORI\S REVOLUTION HAS SPREAD ?R\<\T ! WORLD )\T TOO MU* DE/RUCTION ( BASIC 9FRA/RUCTURES1 SO ?AT WE NO LONG] NE$ TO TAKE 9TO CONSID]ATION PROBLEMS ( CIVIL W>1 ?REATS ( \TSIDE 9T]V5TION1 ! CONFUSIONS ( DIS9=MATION OR ! DELAYS ( MASSIVE EM]G5CY RECON/RUCTION1 & CAN EXAM9E SOME ( ! ISSUES ?AT MI<T COME UP 9 A NEW1 FUNDAM5TALLY TRANS=M$ SOCIETY4 

,?\< = CL>ITY ( EXPRESSION ,I WILL USE ! FUTURE T5SE RA!R ?AN ! CONDITIONAL1 ! IDEAS PRES5T$ H]E >E SIMPLY POSSIBILITIES TO CONSID]1 NOT PRESCRIPTIONS OR PR$ICTIONS4 ,IF SU* A REVOLUTION EV] HAPP5S1 A FEW YE>S ( POPUL> EXP]IM5TATION WILL *ANGE SO MANY ( ! V>IABLES ?AT EV5 ! BOLDE/ PR$ICTIONS WILL SOON SEEM LAU<ABLY TIMID & UNIMAG9ATIVE4 ,ALL WE CAN REASONABLY DO IS TRY TO 5VISION ! PROBLEMS WE WILL CONFRONT AT ! V]Y BEG9N+ & SOME ( ! MA9 T5D5CIES ( FUR!R DEVELOPM5TS4 ,BUT ! MORE HYPO!SES WE EXPLORE1 ! MORE POSSIBILITIES WE WILL BE PREP>$ = & ! LESS LIKELY WE WILL BE TO UNCONSCI\SLY REV]T TO OLD PATT]NS4 

,F> FROM BE+ TOO EXTRAVAGANT1 MO/ FICTIONAL UTOPIAS >E TOO N>R[1 G5]ALLY BE+ LIMIT$ TO A MONOLI?IC IMPLEM5TATION ( ! AU?OR'S PET IDEAS4 ,AS ,M>IE ,L\ISE ,B]N]I NOTES 9 ! BE/ SURVEY ( ! FIELD 7,J\RNEY ,?R\< ,UTOPIA71 0,ALL UTOPIAS >E1 ( C\RSE1 ! EXPRESSION ( P]SONAL PREF]5CES1 BUT !IR AU?ORS USUALLY HAVE ! CONCEIT TO ASSUME ?AT !IR P]SONAL TA/ES %\LD BE 5ACT$ 9TO LAWS2 IF !Y >E E>LY RIS]S ! :OLE ( !IR IMAG9>Y COMMUNITY WILL HAVE TO GET UP AT F\R O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+2 IF !Y DISLIKE WOM5'S MAKE-UP1 TO USE IT IS MADE A CRIME2 IF !Y >E JEAL\S HUSB&S 9FIDELITY WILL BE PUNI%$ BY DEA?40 

,IF !RE IS ONE ?+ ?AT CAN BE CONFID5TLY PR$ICT$ AB\T ! NEW SOCIETY1 IT IS ?AT IT WILL BE F> MORE DIV]SE ?AN ANY ONE P]SON'S IMAG9ATION OR ANY POSSIBLE DESCRIPTION4 ,DIFF]5T COMMUNITIES WILL REFLECT EV]Y SORT ( TA/E -- ES!TIC & SCI5TIFIC1 MY/ICAL & RATIONALI/1 HI<TE* & NEOPRIMITIVE1 SOLIT>Y & COMMUNAL1 9DU/RI\S & LAZY1 SP>TAN & EPICUREAN1 TRADITIONAL & EXP]IM5TAL -- CONT9UALLY EVOLV+ 9 ALL SORTS ( NEW & UN=ESEEABLE COMB9ATIONS4.<#b.> 

,DEC5TRALIZATION & COORD9ATION 

,!RE WILL BE A /RONG T5D5CY T[>D DEC5TRALIZATION & LOCAL AUTONOMY4 ,SMALL COMMUNITIES PROMOTE HABITS ( COOP]ATION1 FACILITATE DIRECT DEMOCRACY1 & MAKE POSSIBLE ! RI*E/ SOCIAL EXP]IM5TATION3 IF A LOCAL EXP]IM5T FAILS1 ONLY A SMALL GR\P IS HURT 7& O!RS CAN HELP \T72 IF IT SUCCE$S IT WILL BE IMITAT$ & ! ADVANTAGE WILL SPREAD4 ,A DEC5TRALIZ$ SY/EM IS ALSO LESS VULN]ABLE TO ACCID5TAL DISRUPTION OR TO SABOTAGE4 7,! LATT] DANG]1 H[EV]1 WILL PROBABLY BE NEGLIGIBLE 9 ANY CASE3 IT'S UNLIKELY ?AT A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY WILL HAVE ANY:]E NE> ! IMM5SE NUMB] ( BITT] 5EMIES ?AT >E CON/ANTLY PRODUC$ BY ! PRES5T ONE47 

,BUT DEC5TRALIZATION CAN ALSO FO/] HI]>*ICAL CONTROL BY ISOLAT+ PEOPLE FROM EA* O!R4 ,& SOME ?+S CAN BE/ BE ORGANIZ$ ON A L>GE SCALE4 ,ONE BIG /EEL FACTORY IS MORE 5]GY-EFFICI5T & LESS DAMAG+ TO ! 5VIRONM5T ?AN A SMELT+ FURNACE 9 EV]Y COMMUNITY4 ,CAPITALISM HAS T5D$ TO OV]C5TRALIZE 9 SOME >EAS :]E GREAT] DIV]SITY & SELF-SUFFICI5CY W\LD MAKE MORE S5SE1 BUT ITS IRRATIONAL COMPETITION HAS ALSO FRAGM5T$ MANY ?+S ?AT C\LD MORE S5SIBLY BE /&>DIZ$ OR C5TRALLY COORD9AT$4 ,AS ,PAUL ,GOODMAN NOTES 9 ,PEOPLE OR ,P]SONNEL 7:I* IS FULL ( 9T]E/+ EXAMPLES ( ! PROS & CONS ( DEC5TRALIZATION 9 V>I\S PRES5T-DAY CONTEXTS71 :]E1 H[ & H[ MU* TO DEC5TRALIZE >E EMPIRICAL QUE/IONS ?AT WILL REQUIRE EXP]IM5TATION4 ,AB\T ALL WE CAN SAY IS ?AT ! NEW SOCIETY WILL PROBABLY DEC5TRALIZE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 BUT )\T MAK+ A FETI% ( IT4 ,MO/ ?+S CAN BE TAK5 C>E ( BY SMALL GR\PS OR LOCAL COMMUNITIES2 REGIONAL & GLOBAL C\NCILS WILL BE LIMIT$ TO MATT]S ) BROAD RAMIFICATIONS OR SIGNIFICANT EFFICI5CIES ( SCALE1 SU* AS 5VIRONM5TAL RE/ORATION1 SPACE EXPLORATION1 DISPUTE RESOLUTION1 EPIDEMIC CONTROL1 COORD9ATION ( GLOBAL PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATION1 & MA9T5ANCE ( C]TA9 SPECIALIZ$ FACILITIES 7E4G4 HI<TE* HOSPITALS OR RESE>* C5T]S74 

,IT IS (T5 SAID ?AT DIRECT DEMOCRACY MAY HAVE WORK$ WELL 5\< 9 ! OLD-FA%ION$ T[N MEET+1 BUT ?AT ! SIZE & COMPLEXITY ( MOD]N SOCIETIES MAKE IT IMPOSSIBLE4 ,H[ CAN MILLIONS ( PEOPLE EA* EXPRESS !IR [N VIEWPO9T ON EV]Y ISSUE8 

,!Y DON'T NE$ TO4 ,MO/ PRACTICAL MATT]S ULTIMATELY COME D[N TO A LIMIT$ NUMB] ( OPTIONS2 ONCE !SE HAVE BE5 /AT$ & ! MO/ SIGNIFICANT >GUM5TS HAVE BE5 ADVANC$1 A DECISION CAN BE REA*$ )\T FUR!R ADO4 ,OBS]V]S ( ! #aie SOVIETS & ! #aief ,HUNG>IAN WORK]S C\NCILS W]E /RUCK BY ! BREVITY ( PEOPLE'S /ATEM5TS & ! RAPIDITY ) :I* DECISIONS W]E >RIV$ AT4 ,?OSE :O SPOKE TO ! PO9T T5D$ TO GET DELEGAT$2 ?OSE :O SP\T$ HOT AIR GOT FLAK = WA/+ PEOPLE'S TIME4 

,= MORE COMPLICAT$ MATT]S1 COMMITTEES CAN BE ELECT$ TO LOOK 9TO V>I\S POSSIBILITIES & REPORT BACK TO ! ASSEMBLIES AB\T ! RAMIFICATIONS ( DIFF]5T OPTIONS4 ,ONCE A PLAN IS ADOPT$1 SMALL] COMMITTEES CAN CONT9UE TO MONITOR DEVELOPM5TS1 NOTIFY+ ! ASSEMBLIES ( ANY RELEVANT NEW FACTORS ?AT MI<T SUGGE/ MODIFY+ IT4 ,ON CONTROV]SIAL ISSUES MULTIPLE COMMITTEES REFLECT+ OPPOS+ P]SPECTIVES 7E4G4 PROTE* V]SUS ANTITE*7 MI<T BE SET UP TO FACILITATE ! =MULATION ( ALT]NATIVE PROPOSALS & DISS5T+ VIEWPO9TS4 ,AS ALWAYS1 DELEGATES WILL NOT IMPOSE ANY DECISIONS 7EXCEPT REG>D+ ! ORGANIZATION ( !IR [N WORK7 & WILL BE ELECT$ ON A ROTAT+ & RECALLABLE BASIS1 SO AS TO 5SURE BO? ?AT !Y DO A GOOD JOB & ?AT !IR TEMPOR>Y RESPONSIBILITIES DON'T GO TO !IR HEADS4 ,!IR WORK WILL BE OP5 TO PUBLIC SCRUT9Y & F9AL DECISIONS WILL ALWAYS REV]T TO ! ASSEMBLIES4 

,MOD]N COMPUT] & TELECOMMUNICATION TE*NOLOGIES WILL MAKE IT POSSIBLE = ANYONE TO 9/ANTLY *ECK DATA & PROJECTIONS = !MSELVES1 AS WELL AS TO WIDELY COMMUNICATE !IR [N PROPOSALS4 ,DESPITE CURR5T HYPE1 SU* TE*NOLOGIES DO NOT AUTOMATICALLY PROMOTE DEMOCRATIC P>TICIPATION2 BUT !Y HAVE ! POT5TIAL TO FACILITATE IT IF !Y >E APPROPRIATELY MODIFI$ & PUT UND] POPUL> CONTROL4.<#b#a.> 

,TELECOMMUNICATIONS WILL ALSO R5D] DELEGATES LESS NECESS>Y ?AN DUR+ PREVI\S RADICAL MOVEM5TS1 :5 !Y FUNCTION$ TO A GREAT EXT5T AS M]E BE>]S ( 9=MATION BACK & =?4 ,DIV]SE PROPOSALS C\LD BE CIRCULAT$ & DISCUSS$ AHEAD ( TIME1 & IF AN ISSUE WAS ( SUFFICI5T 9T]E/ C\NCIL MEET+S C\LD BE HOOK$ UP LIVE ) LOCAL ASSEMBLIES1 5ABL+ ! LATT] TO IMM$IATELY CONFIRM1 MODIFY OR REPUDIATE DELEGATE DECISIONS4 

,BUT :5 ! ISSUES >E NOT P>TICUL>LY CONTROV]SIAL1 M&AT+ WILL PROBABLY BE FAIRLY LOOSE4 ,HAV+ >RIV$ AT SOME G5]AL DECISION 7E4G4 0,?IS BUILD+ %\LD BE REMODEL$ TO S]VE AS A DAYC>E C5T]071 AN ASSEMBLY MI<T SIMPLY CALL = VOLUNTE]S OR ELECT A COMMITTEE TO IMPLEM5T IT )\T BO!R+ ) DETAIL$ ACC\NTABILITY4 

,SAFEGU>DS AGA9/ ABUSES 

,IDLE PURI/S CAN ALWAYS 5VISION POSSIBLE ABUSES4 0,AHA6 ,:O KN[S :AT SUBTLE ELITI/ MANEUV]S !SE DELEGATES & TE*NOCRATIC SPECIALI/S MAY PULL (F60 ,! FACT REMA9S ?AT L>GE NUMB]S ( PEOPLE CANNOT DIRECTLY OV]SEE EV]Y DETAIL AT EV]Y MOM5T4 ,ANY SOCIETY HAS TO RELY TO SOME EXT5T ON PEOPLE'S GOOD WILL & COMMON S5SE4 ,! PO9T IS ?AT ABUSES >E F> LESS POSSIBLE UND] G5]ALIZ$ SELF-MANAGEM5T ?AN UND] ANY O!R =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 

,PEOPLE :O HAVE BE5 AUTONOM\S 5\< TO 9AUGURATE A SELF-MANAG$ SOCIETY WILL NATURALLY BE AL]T TO ANY REEM]G5CE ( HI]>*Y4 ,!Y WILL NOTE H[ DELEGATES C>RY \T !IR M&ATES1 & ROTATE !M AS (T5 AS PRACTICABLE4 ,= SOME PURPOSES !Y MAY1 LIKE ! ANCI5T ,A!NIANS1 *OOSE DELEGATES BY LOT SO AS TO ELIM9ATE ! POPUL>ITY-CONTE/ & DEAL-MAK+ ASPECTS ( ELECTIONS4 ,9 MATT]S REQUIR+ TE*NICAL EXP]TIZE !Y WILL KEEP A W>Y EYE ON ! EXP]TS UNTIL ! NECESS>Y KN[L$GE IS MORE WIDELY DISSEM9AT$ OR ! TE*NOLOGY 9 QUE/ION IS SIMPLIFI$ OR PHAS$ \T4 ,SKEPTICAL OBS]V]S WILL BE DESIGNAT$ TO S\ND ! AL>M AT ! FIR/ SIGN ( *ICAN]Y4 ,A SPECIALI/ :O PROVIDES FALSE 9=MATION WILL BE QUICKLY F\ND \T & PUBLICLY DISCR$IT$4 ,! SLI<TE/ H9T ( ANY HI]>*ICAL PLOT OR ( ANY EXPLOITIVE OR MONOPOLI/IC PRACTICE WILL >\SE UNIV]SAL \TRAGE & BE ELIM9AT$ BY O/RACISM1 CONFISCATION1 PHYSICAL REPRESSION OR :ATEV] O!R MEANS >E F\ND NECESS>Y4 

,!SE & O!R SAFEGU>DS WILL ALWAYS BE AVAILABLE TO ?OSE WORRI$ AB\T POT5TIAL ABUSES1 BUT ,I D\BT IF !Y WILL (T5 BE NECESS>Y4 ,ON ANY S]I\S ISSUE PEOPLE CAN 9SI/ ON AS MU* M&AT+ OR MONITOR+ AS !Y WANT TO BO!R )4 ,BUT 9 MO/ CASES !Y WILL PROBABLY GIVE DELEGATES A REASONABLE AM\NT ( LEEWAY TO USE !IR [N JUDGM5T & CREATIVITY4 

,G5]ALIZ$ SELF-MANAGEM5T AVOIDS BO? ! HI]>*ICAL =MS ( ! TRADITIONAL LEFT & ! MORE SIMPLI/IC =MS ( AN>*ISM4 ,IT IS NOT B\ND TO ANY IDEOLOGY1 EV5 AN 0ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN0 ONE4 ,IF A PROBLEM TURNS \T TO REQUIRE SOME SPECIALIZ$ EXP]TIZE OR SOME DEGREE ( 0LEAD]%IP10 ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$ WILL SOON F9D ?IS \T & TAKE :ATEV] /EPS !Y CONSID] APPROPRIATE TO DEAL ) IT1 )\T WORRY+ AB\T :E!R PRES5T-DAY RADICAL DOGMATI/S W\LD APPROVE4 ,= C]TA9 UNCONTROV]SIAL FUNCTIONS !Y MI<T F9D IT MO/ CONV5I5T TO APPO9T SPECIALI/S = 9DEF9ITE P]IODS ( TIME1 REMOV+ !M ONLY 9 ! UNLIKELY EV5T ?AT !Y ABUSE !IR POSITION4 ,9 C]TA9 EM]G5CY SITUATIONS 9 :I* QUICK1 AU?ORITATIVE DECISIONS >E ESS5TIAL 7E4G4 FIRE-FI<T+7 !Y WILL NATURALLY GRANT TO DESIGNAT$ P]SONS :ATEV] TEMPOR>Y AU?ORIT>IAN P[]S >E NE$$4 

,CONS5SUS1 MAJORITY RULE & UNAVOIDABLE HI]>*IES 

,BUT SU* CASES WILL BE EXCEPTIONAL4 ,! G5]AL RULE WILL BE CONS5SUS :5 PRACTICABLE1 MAJORITY DECISION :5 NECESS>Y4 ,A *>ACT] 9 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS'S ,NEWS FROM ,NO:]E 7ONE ( ! MO/ S5SIBLE1 EASYGO+ & D[N-TO-E>? UTOPIAS7 GIVES ! EXAMPLE ( :E!R A METAL BRIDGE %\LD BE REPLAC$ BY A /ONE ONE4 ,AT ! NEXT ,MOTE 7COMMUNITY ASSEMBLY7 ?IS IS PROPOS$4 ,IF !RE IS A CLE> CONS5SUS1 ! ISSUE IS SETTL$ & !Y PROCE$ TO WORK \T ! DETAILS ( IMPLEM5TATION4 ,BUT 

IF A FEW ( ! NEI<BORS DISAGREE TO IT1 IF !Y ?9K ?AT ! BEA/LY IRON BRIDGE WILL S]VE A LITTLE LONG] & !Y DON'T WANT TO BE BO!R$ ) BUILD+ A NEW ONE JU/ !N1 !Y DON'T C\NT HEADS ?AT TIME1 BUT PUT (F ! =MAL DISCUSSION TO ! NEXT ,MOTE2 & MEANTIME >GUM5TS PRO & CON >E FLY+ AB\T1 & SOME GET PR9T$1 SO ?AT EV]YBODY KN[S :AT IS GO+ ON2 & :5 ! ,MOTE COMES TOGE!R AGA9 !RE IS A REGUL> DISCUSSION & AT LA/ A VOTE BY %[ ( H&S4 ,IF ! DIVISION IS A CLOSE ONE1 ! QUE/ION IS AGA9 PUT (F = FUR!R DISCUSSION2 IF ! DIVISION IS A WIDE ONE1 ! M9ORITY >E ASK$ IF !Y WILL YIELD TO ! MORE G5]AL OP9ION1 :I* !Y (T51 NAY1 MO/ COMMONLY DO4 ,IF !Y REFUSE1 ! QUE/ION IS DEBAT$ A ?IRD TIME1 :51 IF ! M9ORITY HAS NOT P]CEPTIBLY GR[N1 !Y ALWAYS GIVE WAY2 ?\< ,I BELIEVE !RE IS SOME HALF-=GOTT5 RULE BY :I* !Y MI<T /ILL C>RY IT ON FUR!R2 BUT ,I SAY1 :AT ALWAYS HAPP5S IS ?AT !Y >E CONV9C$1 NOT P]HAPS ?AT !IR VIEW IS ! WRONG ONE1 BUT !Y CANNOT P]SUADE OR =CE ! COMMUNITY TO ADOPT IT4 

,NOTE ?AT :AT 5ORM\SLY SIMPLIFIES CASES LIKE ?IS IS ?AT !RE >E NO LONG] ANY CONFLICT+ ECONOMIC 9T]E/S -- NO ONE HAS ANY MEANS OR ANY MOTIVE TO BRIBE OR BAMBOOZLE PEOPLE 9TO VOT+ ONE WAY OR ! O!R BECAUSE HE HAPP5S TO HAVE A LOT ( MONEY1 OR TO CONTROL ! M$IA1 OR TO [N A CON/RUCTION COMPANY OR A P>CEL ( L& NE> A PROPOS$ SITE4 ,)\T SU* CONFLICTS ( 9T]E/1 PEOPLE WILL NATURALLY 9CL9E TO COOP]ATION & COMPROMISE1 IF ONLY TO PLACATE OPPON5TS & MAKE LIFE EASI] = !MSELVES4 ,SOME COMMUNITIES MI<T HAVE =MAL PROVISIONS TO ACCOMMODATE M9ORITIES 7E4G4 IF1 9/EAD ( M]ELY VOT+ NO1 #b.0 EXPRESS A 0VEHEM5T OBJECTION0 TO SOME PROPOSAL1 IT MU/ PASS BY A #f.0 MAJORITY72 BUT NEI!R SIDE WILL BE LIKELY TO ABUSE SU* =MAL P[]S LE/ IT BE TREAT$ LIKEWISE :5 ! SITUATIONS >E REV]S$4 ,! MA9 SOLUTION = REPEAT$ IRRECONCILABLE CONFLICTS WILL LIE 9 ! WIDE DIV]SITY ( CULTURES3 IF PEOPLE :O PREF] METAL BRIDGES1 ETC41 CON/ANTLY F9D !MSELVES \TVOT$ BY ,MORRIS-TYPE >TS-&-CRAFTS TRADITIONALI/S1 !Y CAN ALWAYS MOVE TO SOME NEI<BOR+ COMMUNITY :]E MORE CONG5IAL TA/ES PREVAIL4 

,9SI/5CE ON TOTAL CONS5SUS MAKES S5SE ONLY :5 ! NUMB] ( PEOPLE 9VOLV$ IS RELATIVELY SMALL & ! ISSUE IS NOT URG5T4 ,AMONG ANY L>GE NUMB] ( PEOPLE COMPLETE UNANIMITY IS R>ELY POSSIBLE4 ,IT IS ABSURD1 \T ( WORRY OV] POSSIBLE MAJORITY TYRANNY1 TO UPHOLD A M9ORITY'S RI<T TO CON/ANTLY OB/RUCT A MAJORITY2 OR TO IMAG9E ?AT SU* PROBLEMS WILL GO AWAY IF WE LEAVE ?+S 0UN/RUCTUR$40 

,AS WAS PO9T$ \T 9 A WELL-KN[N >TICLE MANY YE>S AGO 7,JO ,FREEMAN'S 0,! ,TYRANNY ( ,/RUCTURELESSNESS071 !RE'S NO SU* ?+ AS A /RUCTURELESS GR\P1 !RE >E SIMPLY DIFF]5T TYPES ( /RUCTURES4 ,AN UN/RUCTUR$ GR\P G5]ALLY 5DS UP BE+ DOM9AT$ BY A CLIQUE ?AT DOES HAVE SOME EFFECTIVE /RUCTURE4 ,! UNORGANIZ$ MEMB]S HAVE NO MEANS ( CONTROLL+ SU* AN ELITE1 ESPECIALLY :5 !IR ANTIAU?ORIT>IAN IDEOLOGY PREV5TS !M FROM ADMITT+ ?AT IT EXI/S4 

,FAIL+ TO ACKN[L$GE MAJORITY RULE AS A BACKUP :5 UNANIMITY IS NOT ATTA9ABLE1 AN>*I/S & CONS5SI/S >E (T5 UNABLE TO >RIVE AT PRACTICAL DECISIONS EXCEPT BY FOLL[+ ?OSE DE FACTO LEAD]S :O >E SKILL$ AT MANEUV]+ PEOPLE 9TO UNANIMITY 7IF ONLY BY !IR CAPACITY TO 5DURE 9T]M9ABLE MEET+S UNTIL ALL ! OPPOSITION HAS GOT BOR$ & GONE HOME74 ,FA/IDI\SLY REJECT+ WORK]S C\NCILS OR ANY?+ ELSE ) ANY TA9T ( CO]CION1 !Y !MSELVES USUALLY 5D UP SETTL+ = F> LESS RADICAL L[E/-COMMON-D5OM9ATOR PROJECTS4 

,IT'S EASY TO PO9T \T %ORTCOM+S 9 ! WORK]S C\NCILS ( ! PA/1 :I* W]E1 AFT] ALL1 JU/ HURRI$ IMPROVIZATIONS BY PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 DESP]ATE /RUGGLES4 ,BUT IF ?OSE BRIEF EF=TS W]E NOT P]FECT MODELS TO BL9DLY IMITATE1 !Y NEV]!LESS REPRES5T ! MO/ PRACTICAL /EP 9 ! RI<T DIRECTION ?AT ANYONE HAS COME UP ) SO F>4 ,RIESEL'S >TICLE ON C\NCILS 7,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 PP4 #b#g-#b#h#b .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION PP4 #c#d#h-#c#f#b.>7 DISCUSSES ! LIMITATIONS ( !SE OLD MOVEM5TS1 & RI<TLY /RESSES ?AT C\NCIL P[] %\LD BE UND]/OOD AS ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! POPUL> ASSEMBLIES AS A :OLE1 NOT M]ELY ( ! C\NCILS ( DELEGATES !Y HAVE ELECT$4 ,SOME GR\PS ( RADICAL WORK]S 9 ,SPA91 WI%+ TO AVOID ANY AMBIGUITY ON ?IS LATT] PO9T1 HAVE REF]R$ TO !MSELVES AS 0ASSEMBLYI/S0 RA!R ?AN 0C\NCILI/S40 ,ONE ( ! ,C,M,D,O LEAFLETS 7,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 P4 #cea .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION P4 #d#d#d.> .<,ADDRESS TO ,ALL ,WORK]S.>7 SPECIFIES ! FOLL[+ ESS5TIAL FEATURES ( C\NCILI/ DEMOCRACY3 

,DISSOLUTION ( ALL EXT]NAL P[] 

,DIRECT & TOTAL DEMOCRACY 

,PRACTICAL UNIFICATION ( DECISION & EXECUTION 

,DELEGATES :O CAN BE REVOK$ AT ANY MOM5T BY ?OSE :O HAVE M&AT$ !M 

,ABOLITION ( HI]>*Y & 9DEP5D5T SPECIALIZATIONS 

,CONSCI\S MANAGEM5T & TRANS=MATION ( ALL ! CONDITIONS ( LIB]AT$ LIFE 

,P]MAN5T CREATIVE MASS P>TICIPATION 

,9T]NATIONALI/ EXT5SION & COORD9ATION 

,ONCE !SE FEATURES >E RECOGNIZ$ & IMPLEM5T$1 IT WILL MAKE LITTLE DIFF]5CE :E!R PEOPLE REF] TO ! NEW =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AS 0AN>*Y10 0COMMUNALISM10 0COMMUNI/ AN>*ISM10 0C\NCIL COMMUNISM10 0LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM10 0LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM10 0P>TICIPATORY DEMOCRACY0 OR 0G5]ALIZ$ SELF-MANAGEM5T10 OR :E!R ITS V>I\S OV]LAPP+ COMPON5TS >E T]M$ 0WORK]S C\NCILS10 0ANTIWORK C\NCILS10 0REVOLUTION>Y C\NCILS10 0REVOLUTION>Y ASSEMBLIES10 0POPUL> ASSEMBLIES10 0POPUL> COMMITTEES10 0COMMUNES10 0COLLECTIVES10 0KIBBUTZES10 0BOLOS10 0MOTES10 0AFF9ITY GR\PS10 OR ANY?+ ELSE4 70,G5]ALIZ$ SELF-MANAGEM5T0 IS UN=TUNATELY NOT V]Y CAT*Y1 BUT IT HAS ! ADVANTAGE ( REF]R+ TO BO? MEANS & GOAL :ILE BE+ FREE ( ! MISLEAD+ CONNOTATIONS ( T]MS LIKE 0AN>*Y0 OR 0COMMUNISM407 

,9 ANY CASE1 IT'S IMPORTANT TO REMEMB] ?AT L>GE-SCALE =MAL ORGANIZATION WILL BE ! EXCEPTION4 ,MO/ LOCAL MATT]S CAN BE H&L$ DIRECTLY & 9=MALLY4 ,9DIVIDUALS OR SMALL GR\PS WILL SIMPLY GO AHEAD & DO :AT SEEMS APPROPRIATE 9 ANY GIV5 SITUATION 70ADHOCRACY074 ,MAJORITY RULE WILL M]ELY BE A LA/ RESORT 9 ! PROGRESSIVELY DIM9I%+ NUMB] ( CASES 9 :I* CONFLICTS ( 9T]E/ CANNOT O!RWISE BE RESOLV$4 

,A NONHI]>*ICAL SOCIETY DOES NOT MEAN ?AT EV]YONE MAGICALLY BECOMES EQUALLY TAL5T$ OR MU/ P>TICIPATE EQUALLY 9 EV]Y?+2 IT SIMPLY MEANS ?AT MAT]IALLY BAS$ & RE9=C$ HI]>*IES HAVE BE5 ELIM9AT$4 ,AL?\< DIFF]5CES ( ABILITIES WILL UND\BT$LY DIM9I% :5 EV]YONE IS 5C\RAG$ TO DEVELOP !IR FULLE/ POT5TIALS1 ! PO9T IS ?AT :ATEV] DIFF]5CES REMA9 WILL NO LONG] BE TRANS=M$ 9TO DIFF]5CES ( WEAL? OR P[]4 

,PEOPLE WILL BE ABLE TO TAKE P>T 9 A F> WID] RANGE ( ACTIVITIES ?AN !Y DO N[1 BUT !Y WON'T HAVE TO ROTATE ALL POSITIONS ALL ! TIME IF !Y DON'T FEEL LIKE IT4 ,IF SOMEONE HAS A SPECIAL TA/E & KNACK = A C]TA9 TASK1 O!RS WILL PROBABLY BE HAPPY TO LET H] DO IT AS MU* AS %E WANTS -- AT LEA/ UNTIL SOMEONE ELSE WANTS A %OT AT IT4 0,9DEP5D5T SPECIALIZATIONS0 7MONOPOLI/IC CONTROL OV] SOCIALLY VITAL 9=MATION OR TE*NOLOGIES7 WILL BE ABOLI%$2 OP51 NONDOM9AT+ SPECIALIZATIONS WILL FL\RI%4 ,PEOPLE WILL /ILL ASK MORE KN[L$GEABLE P]SONS = ADVICE :5 !Y FEEL ! NE$ = IT 7?\< IF !Y >E CURI\S OR SUSPICI\S !Y WILL ALWAYS BE 5C\RAG$ TO 9VE/IGATE = !MSELVES74 ,!Y WILL /ILL BE FREE TO VOLUNT>ILY SUBMIT !MSELVES AS /UD5TS TO A TEA*]1 APPR5TICES TO A MA/]1 PLAY]S TO A COA* OR P]=M]S TO A DIRECTOR -- REMA9+ EQUALLY FREE TO DISCONT9UE ! RELATION AT ANY TIME4 ,9 SOME ACTIVITIES1 SU* AS GR\P FOLKS++1 ANYONE CAN JO9 RI<T 92 O!RS1 SU* AS P]=M+ A CLASSICAL CONC]TO1 MAY REQUIRE RIGOR\S TRA9+ & COH]5T DIRECTION1 ) SOME PEOPLE TAK+ LEAD+ ROLES1 O!RS FOLL[+1 & O!RS BE+ HAPPY JU/ TO LI/54 ,!RE %\LD BE PL5TY ( OPPORTUNITY = BO? TYPES4 ,! SITUATIONI/ CRITIQUE ( ! SPECTACLE IS A CRITIQUE ( AN EXCESSIVE T5D5CY 9 PRES5T SOCIETY2 IT DOES NOT IMPLY ?AT EV]YONE MU/ BE AN 0ACTIVE P>TICIPANT0 TW5TY-F\R H\RS A DAY4 

,AP>T FROM ! C>E NECESS>Y = M5TAL 9COMPET5TS1 ! ONLY UNAVOIDABLE 5=C$ HI]>*Y WILL BE ! TEMPOR>Y ONE 9VOLV$ 9 RAIS+ *ILDR5 UNTIL !Y >E CAPABLE ( MANAG+ !IR [N AFFAIRS4 ,BUT 9 A SAF] & SAN] WORLD *ILDR5 C\LD BE GIV5 CONSID]ABLY MORE FRE$OM & AUTONOMY ?AN !Y >E N[4 ,:5 IT COMES TO OP5NESS TO ! NEW PLAYFUL POSSIBILITIES ( LIFE1 ADULTS MAY LE>N AS MU* FROM !M AS VISE V]SA4 ,H]E AS ELSE:]E1 ! G5]AL RULE WILL BE TO LET PEOPLE F9D !IR [N LEVEL3 A T5-YE>-OLD :O TAKES P>T 9 SOME PROJECT MI<T HAVE AS MU* SAY 9 IT AS H] ADULT CO-P>TICIPANTS1 :ILE A NONP>TICIPAT+ ADULT WILL HAVE NONE4 

,SELF-MANAGEM5T DOES NOT REQUIRE ?AT EV]YONE BE G5IUSES1 M]ELY ?AT MO/ PEOPLE NOT BE TOTAL MORONS4 ,IT'S ! PRES5T SY/EM ?AT MAKES UNREALI/IC DEM&S -- PRET5D+ ?AT ! PEOPLE IT SY/EMATICALLY IMBECILIZES >E CAPABLE ( JUDG+ BETWE5 ! PROGRAMS ( RIVAL POLITICIANS OR ! ADV]TIS+ CLAIMS ( RIVAL COMMODITIES1 OR ( 5GAG+ 9 SU* COMPLEX & CONSEQU5TIAL ACTIVITIES AS RAIS+ A *ILD OR DRIV+ A C> ON A BUSY FREEWAY4 ,) ! SUP]SESSION ( ALL ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC PSEUDOISSUES ?AT >E N[ 9T5TIONALLY KEPT 9COMPREH5SIBLE1 MO/ MATT]S WILL TURN \T NOT TO BE ALL ?AT COMPLICAT$4 

,:5 PEOPLE FIR/ GET A *ANCE TO RUN !IR [N LIVES !Y WILL UND\BT$LY MAKE LOTS ( MI/AKES2 BUT !Y WILL SOON DISCOV] & CORRECT !M BECAUSE1 UNLIKE HI]>*S1 !Y WILL HAVE NO 9T]E/ 9 COV]+ !M UP4 ,SELF-MANAGEM5T DOES NOT GU>ANTEE ?AT PEOPLE WILL ALWAYS MAKE ! RI<T DECISIONS2 BUT ANY O!R =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION GU>ANTEES ?AT SOMEONE ELSE WILL MAKE ! DECISIONS = !M4 

,ELIM9AT+ ! ROOTS ( W> & CRIME 

,! ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM WILL ELIM9ATE ! CONFLICTS ( 9T]E/ ?AT N[ S]VE AS A PRETEXT = ! /ATE4 ,MO/ PRES5T-DAY W>S >E ULTIMATELY BAS$ ON ECONOMIC CONFLICTS2 EV5 O/5SIBLY E?NIC1 RELIGI\S OR IDEOLOGICAL ANTAGONISMS USUALLY D]IVE MU* ( !IR REAL MOTIVATION FROM ECONOMIC COMPETITION1 OR FROM PSY*OLOGICAL FRU/RATIONS ?AT >E ULTIMATELY L9K$ TO POLITICAL & ECONOMIC REPRESSION4 ,AS LONG AS DESP]ATE COMPETITION PREVAILS1 PEOPLE CAN EASILY BE MANIPULAT$ 9TO REV]T+ TO !IR TRADITIONAL GR\P+S & SQUABBL+ OV] CULTURAL DIFF]5CES !Y W\LDN'T BO!R AB\T UND] MORE COM=TABLE CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,W> 9VOLVES F> MORE WORK1 H>D%IP & RISK ?AN ANY =M ( CON/RUCTIVE ACTIVITY2 PEOPLE ) REAL OPPORTUNITIES = FULFILLM5T WILL HAVE MORE 9T]E/+ ?+S TO DO4 

,! SAME IS TRUE = CRIME4 ,LEAV+ ASIDE VICTIMLESS 0CRIMES10 ! VA/ MAJORITY ( CRIMES >E DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY RELAT$ TO MONEY & WILL BECOME MEAN+LESS ) ! ELIM9ATION ( ! COMMODITY SY/EM4 ,COMMUNITIES WILL !N BE FREE TO EXP]IM5T ) V>I\S ME?ODS = DEAL+ ) :ATEV] OCCASIONAL ANTISOCIAL ACTS MI<T /ILL OCCUR4 

,!RE >E ALL SORTS ( POSSIBILITIES4 ,! P]SONS 9VOLV$ MI<T >GUE !IR CASES BE=E ! LOCAL COMMUNITY OR A 0JURY0 *OS5 BY LOT1 :I* W\LD /RIVE = ! MO/ RECONCIL+ & REHABILITAT+ SOLUTIONS4 ,A CONVICT$ (F5D] MI<T BE 0CONDEMN$0 TO SOME SORT ( PUBLIC S]VICE -- NOT TO 9T5TIONALLY UNPLEASANT & DEMEAN+ %ITWORK ADM9I/]$ BY PETTY SADI/S1 :I* SIMPLY PRODUCES MORE ANG] & RES5TM5T1 BUT TO MEAN+FUL & POT5TIALLY 5GAG+ PROJECTS ?AT MI<T 9TRODUCE HIM TO HEAL?I] 9T]E/S 7ECOLOGICAL RE/ORATION1 = EXAMPLE74 ,A FEW 9CORRIGIBLE PSY*OTICS MI<T HAVE TO BE HUMANELY RE/RA9$ 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 BUT SU* CASES W\LD BECOME 9CREAS+LY R>E4 7,! PRES5T PROLIF]ATION ( 0GRATUIT\S0 VIOL5CE IS A PR$ICTABLE REACTION TO SOCIAL ALI5ATION1 A WAY = ?OSE :O >E NOT TREAT$ AS REAL P]SONS TO AT LEA/ GET ! GRIM SATISFACTION ( BE+ RECOGNIZ$ AS REAL ?REATS47 ,O/RACISM WILL BE A SIMPLE & EFFECTIVE DET]R5T3 ! ?UG :O LAU<S AT ! ?REAT ( H>% PUNI%M5T1 :I* ONLY CONFIRMS HIS MA*O PRE/IGE1 WILL BE F> MORE DET]R$ IF HE KN[S ?AT EV]YONE WILL GIVE HIM ! COLD %\LD]4 ,9 ! R>E CASE :]E ?AT PROVES 9ADEQUATE1 ! V>IETY ( CULTURES MI<T MAKE BANI%M5T A WORKABLE SOLUTION3 A VIOL5T *>ACT] :O WAS CON/ANTLY DI/URB+ A QUIET COMMUNITY MI<T FIT 9 F9E 9 SOME MORE R\<-&-TUMBLE1 ,WILD ,WE/-TYPE REGION -- OR FACE LESS G5TLE RETALIATION4 

,?OSE >E JU/ A FEW ( ! POSSIBILITIES4 ,LIB]AT$ PEOPLE WILL UND\BT$LY COME UP ) MORE CREATIVE1 EFFECTIVE & HUMANE SOLUTIONS ?AN ANY WE CAN PRES5TLY IMAG9E4 ,I DON'T CLAIM ?AT !RE WILL BE NO PROBLEMS1 ONLY ?AT !RE WILL BE F> FEW] PROBLEMS ?AN !RE >E N[1 :5 PEOPLE :O HAPP5 TO F9D !MSELVES AT ! BOTTOM ( AN ABSURD SOCIAL ORD] >E H>%LY PUNI%$ = !IR CRUDE EF=TS TO ESCAPE1 :ILE ?OSE AT ! TOP LOOT ! PLANET ) IMPUNITY4 

,! B>B>ITY ( ! PRES5T P5AL SY/EM IS SURPASS$ ONLY BY ITS /UPIDITY4 ,DRACONIAN PUNI%M5TS HAVE REPEAT$LY BE5 %[N TO HAVE NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON ! CRIME RATE1 :I* IS DIRECTLY L9K$ TO LEVELS ( POV]TY & UNEMPLOYM5T AS WELL AS TO LESS QUANTIFIABLE BUT EQUALLY OBVI\S FACTORS LIKE RACISM1 ! DE/RUCTION ( URBAN COMMUNITIES1 & ! G5]AL ALI5ATION PRODUC$ BY ! COMMODITY-SPECTACLE SY/EM4 ,! ?REAT ( YE>S 9 PRISON1 :I* MI<T BE A P[]FUL DET]R5T TO SOMEONE ) A SATISFY+ LIFE1 MEANS LITTLE TO ?OSE ) NO MEAN+FUL ALT]NATIVES4 ,IT IS H>DLY V]Y BRILLIANT TO SLA% ALREADY PITIFULLY 9ADEQUATE SOCIAL PROGRAMS 9 ! NAME ( ECONOMIZ+1 :ILE FILL+ PRISONS ) LIF]S AT A CO/ ( CLOSE TO A MILLION DOLL>S EA*2 BUT LIKE SO MANY O!R IRRATIONAL SOCIAL POLICIES1 ?IS TR5D P]SI/S BECAUSE IT IS RE9=C$ BY P[]FUL VE/$ 9T]E/S4.<#b#b.> 

,ABOLI%+ MONEY 

,A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY MU/ ABOLI% ! :OLE MONEY-COMMODITY ECONOMY4 ,TO CONT9UE TO ACCEPT ! VALIDITY ( MONEY W\LD AM\NT TO ACCEPT+ ! CONT9U$ DOM9ANCE ( ?OSE :O HAD PREVI\SLY ACCUMULAT$ IT1 OR :O HAD ! SAVVY TO REACCUMULATE IT AFT] ANY RADICAL REAPPORTIONM5T4 ,ALT]NATIVE =MS ( 0ECONOMIC0 RECKON+ WILL /ILL BE NE$$ = C]TA9 PURPOSES1 BUT !IR C>EFULLY LIMIT$ SCOPE WILL T5D TO DIM9I% AS 9CREAS+ MAT]IAL ABUNDANCE & SOCIAL COOP]ATIVITY R5D] !M LESS NECESS>Y4 

,A PO/REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY MI<T HAVE A ?REE-TI] ECONOMIC SETUP ALONG ! FOLL[+ L9ES3 

,C]TA9 BASIC GOODS & S]VICES WILL BE FREELY AVAILABLE TO EV]YONE )\T ANY ACC\NT+ :ATSOEV]4 

,O!RS WILL ALSO BE FREE1 BUT ONLY 9 LIMIT$1 RATION$ QUANTITIES4 

,O!RS1 CLASSIFI$ AS 0LUXURIES10 WILL BE AVAILABLE 9 EX*ANGE = 0CR$ITS40 

,UNLIKE MONEY1 CR$ITS WILL BE APPLICABLE ONLY TO C]TA9 SPECIFI$ GOODS1 NOT TO BASIC COMMUNAL PROP]TY SU* AS L&1 UTILITIES OR MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,!Y WILL ALSO PROBABLY HAVE EXPIRATION DATES TO LIMIT ANY EXCESSIVE ACCUMULATION4 

,SU* A SETUP WILL BE QUITE FLEXIBLE4 ,DUR+ ! 9ITIAL TRANSITION P]IOD ! AM\NT ( FREE GOODS MI<T BE FAIRLY M9IMAL -- JU/ 5\< TO 5ABLE A P]SON TO GET BY -- ) MO/ GOODS REQUIR+ E>N+ CR$ITS ?R\< WORK4 ,AS TIME GOES ON1 LESS & LESS WORK WILL BE NECESS>Y & MORE & MORE GOODS WILL BECOME FREELY AVAILABLE -- ! TRADE(F BETWE5 ! TWO FACTORS ALWAYS REMA9+ UP TO ! C\NCILS TO DET]M9E4 ,SOME CR$ITS MI<T BE G5]ALLY DI/RIBUT$1 EA* P]SON P]IODICALLY RECEIV+ A C]TA9 AM\NT2 O!RS MI<T BE BONUSES = C]TA9 TYPES ( DANG]\S OR UNPLEASANT WORK :]E !RE IS A %ORTAGE ( VOLUNTE]S4 ,C\NCILS MI<T SET FIX$ PRICES = C]TA9 LUXURIES1 :ILE LETT+ O!RS FOLL[ SUPPLY & DEM&2 AS A LUXURY BECOMES MORE ABUNDANT IT WILL BECOME *EAP]1 P]HAPS EV5TUALLY FREE4 ,GOODS C\LD BE %IFT$ FROM ONE TI] TO ANO!R DEP5D+ ON MAT]IAL CONDITIONS & COMMUNITY PREF]5CES4 

,?OSE >E JU/ SOME ( ! POSSIBILITIES4.<#b#c.> ,EXP]IM5T+ ) DIFF]5T ME?ODS1 PEOPLE WILL SOON F9D \T = !MSELVES :AT =MS ( [N]%IP1 EX*ANGE & RECKON+ >E NECESS>Y4 

,9 ANY CASE1 :ATEV] 0ECONOMIC0 PROBLEMS MAY REMA9 WILL NOT BE S]I\S BECAUSE SC>CITY-IMPOS$ LIMITS WILL BE A FACTOR ONLY 9 ! SECTOR ( 9ESS5TIAL 0LUXURIES40 ,FREE UNIV]SAL ACCESS TO FOOD1 CLO?+1 H\S+1 UTILITIES1 HEAL? C>E1 TRANSPORTATION1 COMMUNICATION1 $UCATION & CULTURAL FACILITIES C\LD BE A*IEV$ ALMO/ IMM$IATELY 9 ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ REGIONS & )9 A FAIRLY %ORT P]IOD 9 ! LESS DEVELOP$ ONES4 ,MANY ( !SE ?+S ALREADY EXI/ & M]ELY NE$ TO BE MADE MORE EQUITABLY AVAILABLE2 ?OSE ?AT DON'T CAN EASILY BE PRODUC$ ONCE SOCIAL 5]GY IS DIV]T$ FROM IRRATIONAL 5T]PRISES4 

,TAKE H\S+1 = EXAMPLE4 ,PEACE ACTIVI/S HAVE FREQU5TLY PO9T$ \T ?AT EV]YONE 9 ! WORLD C\LD BE DEC5TLY H\S$ AT LESS ?AN ! CO/ ( A FEW WEEKS ( GLOBAL MILIT>Y EXP5DITURE4 ,!Y >E NO D\BT 5VISION+ A FAIRLY M9IMAL SORT ( DWELL+2 BUT IF ! AM\NT ( 5]GY PEOPLE N[ WA/E E>N+ ! MONEY TO 5RI* L&LORDS & REAL E/ATE SPECULATORS WAS DIV]T$ TO BUILD+ NEW DWELL+S1 EV]YONE 9 ! WORLD C\LD SOON BE H\S$ V]Y DEC5TLY 9DE$4 

,TO BEG9 )1 MO/ PEOPLE MI<T CONT9UE LIV+ :]E !Y >E N[ & CONC5TRATE ON MAK+ DWELL+S AVAILABLE = HOMELESS PEOPLE4 ,HOTELS & (FICE BUILD+S C\LD BE TAK5 OV]4 ,C]TA9 \TRAGE\SLY EXTRAVAGANT E/ATES MI<T BE REQUISITION$ & TURN$ 9TO DWELL+S1 P>KS1 COMMUNAL G>D5S1 ETC4 ,SEE+ ?IS TR5D1 ?OSE POSSESS+ RELATIVELY SPACI\S PROP]TIES MI<T (F] TO TEMPOR>ILY QU>T] HOMELESS PEOPLE :ILE HELP+ !M BUILD HOMES ( !IR [N1 IF ONLY TO DEFLECT POT5TIAL RES5TM5T FROM !MSELVES4 

,! NEXT /AGE WILL BE RAIS+ & EQUALIZ+ ! QUALITY ( DWELL+S4 ,H]E AS 9 O!R >EAS1 ! AIM WILL PROBABLY NOT BE A RIGIDLY UNI=M EQUALITY 70EV]YONE MU/ HAVE A DWELL+ ( SU* & SU* SPECIFICATIONS071 BUT PEOPLE'S G5]AL S5SE ( FAIRNESS1 ) PROBLEMS BE+ DEALT ) ON A FLEXIBLE1 CASE-BY-CASE BASIS4 ,IF SOMEONE FEELS HE IS GETT+ ! %ORT 5D ( ! /ICK HE CAN APPEAL TO ! G5]AL COMMUNITY1 :I*1 IF ! GRIEVANCE IS NOT COMPLETELY ABSURD1 WILL PROBABLY B5D OV] BACKW>D TO R$RESS IT4 ,COMPROMISES WILL HAVE TO BE WORK$ \T REG>D+ :O GETS TO LIVE 9 EXCEPTIONALLY DESIRABLE >EAS = H[ LONG4 7,!Y MI<T BE %>$ >\ND BY LOT1 OR LEAS$ = LIMIT$ P]IODS TO ! HI<E/ BIDD]S 9 CR$IT AUCTIONS1 ETC47 ,SU* PROBLEMS MAY NOT BE SOLV$ TO EV]YONE'S COMPLETE SATISFACTION1 BUT !Y WILL C]TA9LY BE DEALT ) MU* MORE FAIRLY ?AN UND] A SY/EM 9 :I* ACCUMULATION ( MAGIC PIECES ( PAP] 5ABLES ONE P]SON TO CLAIM 0[N]%IP0 ( A HUNDR$ BUILD+S :ILE O!RS HAVE TO LIVE ON ! /REET4 

,ONCE BASIC SURVIVAL NE$S >E TAK5 C>E (1 ! QUANTITATIVE P]SPECTIVE ( LABOR TIME WILL BE TRANS=M$ 9TO A QUALITATIVELY NEW P]SPECTIVE ( FREE CREATIVITY4 ,A FEW FRI5DS MAY WORK HAPPILY BUILD+ !IR [N HOME EV5 IF IT TAKES !M A YE> TO ACCOMPLI% :AT A PR(ESSIONAL CREW C\LD DO MORE EFFICI5TLY 9 A MON?4 ,MU* MORE FUN & IMAG9ATION & LOVE WILL GO 9TO SU* PROJECTS1 & ! RESULT+ DWELL+S WILL BE F> MORE *>M+1 V>IEGAT$ & P]SONAL ?AN :AT TODAY PASSES = 0DEC5T40 ,A N9ETE5?-C5TURY RURAL ,FR5* MAILMAN NAM$ ,F]D9& ,*EVAL SP5T ALL HIS SP>E TIME = SEV]AL DECADES CON/RUCT+ HIS [N P]SONAL FANTASY CA/LE4 ,PEOPLE LIKE ,*EVAL >E CONSID]$ ECC5TRICS1 BUT ! ONLY ?+ UNUSUAL AB\T !M IS ?AT !Y CONT9UE TO EX]CISE ! 9NATE CREATIVITY WE ALL HAVE BUT >E USUALLY 9DUC$ TO REPRESS AFT] E>LY *ILDHOOD4 ,A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY WILL HAVE LOTS ( ?IS PLAYFUL SORT ( 0WORK03 P]SONALLY *OS5 PROJECTS ?AT WILL BE SO 9T5SELY 5GAG+ ?AT PEOPLE WILL NO MORE ?9K ( KEEP+ TRACK ( !IR 0LABOR TIME0 ?AN !Y W\LD ( C\NT+ C>ESSES DUR+ LOVEMAK+ OR TRY+ TO ECONOMIZE ON ! L5G? ( A DANCE4 

,ABSURDITY ( MO/ PRES5T-DAY LABOR 

,FIFTY YE>S AGO ,PAUL ,GOODMAN E/IMAT$ ?AT LESS ?AN T5 P]C5T ( ! WORK !N BE+ DONE W\LD SATISFY \R BASIC NE$S4 ,:ATEV] ! EXACT FIGURE 7IT W\LD BE EV5 L[] N[1 ?\< IT W\LD ( C\RSE DEP5D ON PRECISELY :AT WE CONSID] BASIC OR REASONABLE NE$S71 IT IS CLE> ?AT MO/ PRES5T-DAY LABOR IS ABSURD & UNNECESS>Y4 ,) ! ABOLITION ( ! COMMODITY SY/EM1 HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE N[ OCCUPI$ ) PRODUC+ SUP]FLU\S COMMODITIES1 OR ) ADV]TIS+ !M1 PACKAG+ !M1 TRANSPORT+ !M1 SELL+ !M1 PROTECT+ !M OR PR(IT+ FROM !M 7SALESP]SONS1 CL]KS1 =EM51 MANAG]S1 BANK]S1 /OCKBROK]S1 L&LORDS1 LABOR LEAD]S1 POLITICIANS1 POLICE1 LAWY]S1 JUDGES1 JAIL]S1 GU>DS1 SOLDI]S1 ECONOMI/S1 AD DESIGN]S1 >MS MANUFACTUR]S1 CU/OMS 9SPECTORS1 TAX COLLECTORS1 9SURANCE AG5TS1 9VE/M5T ADVIS]S1 ALONG ) !IR NUM]\S UND]L+S7 WILL ALL BE FRE$ UP TO %>E ! RELATIVELY FEW ACTUALLY NECESS>Y TASKS4 

,ADD ! UNEMPLOY$1 :O ACCORD+ TO A REC5T ,U,N REPORT N[ CON/ITUTE OV] #c.0 ( ! GLOBAL POPULATION4 ,IF ?IS FIGURE SEEMS L>GE IT IS BECAUSE IT PRESUMABLY 9CLUDES PRISON]S1 REFUGEES1 & MANY O!RS :O >E NOT USUALLY C\NT$ 9 (FICIAL UNEMPLOYM5T /ATI/ICS BECAUSE !Y HAVE GIV5 UP TRY+ TO LOOK = WORK1 SU* AS ?OSE :O >E 9CAPACITAT$ BY ALCOHOLISM OR DRUGS1 OR :O >E SO NAUSEAT$ BY ! AVAILABLE JOB OPTIONS ?AT !Y PUT ALL !IR 5]GY 9TO EVAD+ WORK ?R\< CRIMES & SCAMS4 

,ADD MILLIONS ( OLD PEOPLE :O W\LD LOVE TO 5GAGE 9 WOR?:ILE ACTIVITIES BUT :O >E N[ RELEGAT$ TO A BOR+1 PASSIVE RETIREM5T4 ,& TE5AG]S & EV5 Y\NG] *ILDR51 :O W\LD BE EXCIT$LY *ALL5G$ BY MANY USEFUL & $UCATIONAL PROJECTS IF !Y W]5'T CONF9$ TO WOR?LESS S*OOLS DESIGN$ TO 9/ILL IGNORANT OB$I5CE4 

,!N CONSID] ! L>GE COMPON5T ( WA/E EV5 9 UND5IABLY NECESS>Y WORK4 ,DOCTORS & NURSES1 = EXAMPLE1 SP5D A L>GE PORTION ( !IR TIME 79 ADDITION TO FILL+ \T 9SURANCE =MS1 BILL+ PATI5TS1 ETC47 TRY+ ) LIMIT$ SUCCESS TO C\NT]ACT ALL SORTS ( SOCIALLY 9DUC$ PROBLEMS SU* AS OCCUPATIONAL 9JURIES1 AUTO ACCID5TS1 PSY*OLOGICAL AILM5TS & DISEASES CAUS$ BY /RESS1 POLLUTION1 MALNUTRITION OR UNSANIT>Y LIV+ CONDITIONS1 TO SAY NO?+ ( W>S & ! EPIDEMICS ?AT (T5 ACCOMPANY !M -- PROBLEMS ?AT WILL L>GELY DISAPPE> 9 A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY1 LEAV+ HEAL?-C>E PROVID]S FREE TO CONC5TRATE ON BASIC PREV5TIVE M$IC9E4 

,!N CONSID] ! EQUALLY L>GE AM\NT ( 9T5TIONALLY WA/$ LABOR3 MAKE-WORK DESIGN$ TO KEEP PEOPLE OCCUPI$2 SUPPRESSION ( LABOR-SAV+ ME?ODS ?AT MI<T PUT ONE \T ( A JOB2 WORK+ AS SL[LY AS ONE CAN GET AWAY )2 SABOTAG+ MA*9]Y TO EX]T PRESSURE ON BOSSES1 OR \T ( SIMPLE RAGE & FRU/RATION4 ,& DON'T =GET ALL ! ABSURDITIES ( 0,P>K9SON'S ,LAW0 7WORK EXP&S TO FILL ! TIME AVAILABLE71 ! 0,PET] ,PR9CIPLE0 7PEOPLE RISE TO !IR LEVEL ( 9COMPET5CE7 & SIMIL> T5D5CIES ?AT HAVE BE5 SO HIL>I\SLY SATIRIZ$ BY ,C4 ,NOR?COTE ,P>K9SON & ,LAUR5CE ,PET]4 

,!N CONSID] H[ MU* WA/$ LABOR WILL BE ELIM9AT$ ONCE PRODUCTS >E MADE TO LA/ 9/EAD ( BE+ DESIGN$ TO FALL AP>T OR GO \T ( /YLE SO ?AT PEOPLE HAVE TO KEEP BUY+ NEW ONES4 7,AFT] A BRIEF 9ITIAL P]IOD ( HI< PRODUCTION TO PROVIDE EV]YONE ) DURABLE1 HI<-QUALITY GOODS1 MANY 9DU/RIES C\LD BE R$UC$ TO V]Y MODE/ LEVELS -- JU/ 5\< TO KEEP ?OSE GOODS 9 REPAIR1 OR TO OCCASIONALLY UPGRADE !M :5EV] SOME TRULY SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEM5T IS DEVELOP$47 

,TAK+ ALL !SE FACTORS 9TO CONSID]ATION1 IT'S EASY TO SEE ?AT 9 A SANELY ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY ! AM\NT ( NECESS>Y LABOR C\LD BE R$UC$ TO ONE OR TWO DAYS P] WEEK4 

,TRANS=M+ WORK 9TO PLAY 

,BUT SU* A DRA/IC QUANTITATIVE R$UCTION WILL PRODUCE A QUALITATIVE *ANGE4 ,AS ,TOM ,SAWY] DISCOV]$1 :5 PEOPLE >E NOT =C$ TO WORK1 EV5 ! MO/ BANAL TASK MAY BECOME NOVEL & 9TRIGU+3 ! PROBLEM IS NO LONG] H[ TO GET PEOPLE TO DO IT1 BUT H[ TO ACCOMMODATE ALL ! VOLUNTE]S4 ,IT W\LD BE UNREALI/IC TO EXPECT PEOPLE TO WORK FULL TIME AT UNPLEASANT & L>GELY MEAN+LESS JOBS )\T SURVEILLANCE & ECONOMIC 9C5TIVES2 BUT ! SITUATION BECOMES COMPLETELY DIFF]5T IF IT'S A MATT] ( PUTT+ 9 T5 OR FIFTE5 H\RS A WEEK ON WOR?:ILE1 V>I$1 SELF-ORGANIZ$ TASKS ( ONE'S *OICE4 

,MOREOV]1 MANY PEOPLE1 ONCE !Y >E 5GAG$ 9 PROJECTS ?AT 9T]E/ !M1 WILL NOT WANT TO LIMIT !MSELVES TO ! M9IMUM4 ,?IS WILL R$UCE NECESS>Y TASKS TO AN EV5 MORE M9USCULE LEVEL = O!RS :O MAY NOT HAVE SU* 5?USIASMS4 

,!RE'S NO NE$ TO QUIBBLE AB\T ! T]M WORK4 ,WAGE WORK NE$S TO BE ABOLI%$2 MEAN+FUL1 FREELY *OS5 WORK CAN BE AS MU* FUN AS ANY O!R K9D ( PLAY4 ,\R PRES5T WORK USUALLY PRODUCES PRACTICAL RESULTS1 BUT NOT ! ONES WE W\LD HAVE *OS51 :]EAS \R FREE TIME IS MO/LY CONF9$ TO TRIVIALITIES4 ,) ! ABOLITION ( WAGE LABOR1 WORK WILL BECOME MORE PLAYFUL & PLAY MORE ACTIVE & CREATIVE4 ,:5 PEOPLE >E NO LONG] DRIV5 CRAZY BY !IR WORK1 !Y WILL NO LONG] REQUIRE M9DLESS1 PASSIVE AMUSEM5TS TO RECOV] FROM IT4 

,NOT ?AT !RE'S ANY?+ WRONG ) 5JOY+ TRIVIAL PA/IMES2 IT'S SIMPLY A MATT] ( RECOGNIZ+ ?AT MU* ( !IR PRES5T APPEAL /EMS FROM ! ABS5CE ( MORE FULFILL+ ACTIVITIES4 ,SOMEONE :OSE LIFE LACKS REAL ADV5TURE MAY D]IVE AT LEA/ A LITTLE VIC>I\S EXOTICISM FROM COLLECT+ >TIFACTS FROM O!R TIMES & PLACES2 SOMEONE :OSE WORK IS AB/RACT & FRAGM5T$ MAY GO TO GREAT L5G?S TO ACTUALLY PRODUCE A :OLE CONCRETE OBJECT1 EV5 IF ?AT OBJECT IS NO MORE SIGNIFICANT ?AN A MODEL %IP 9 A BOTTLE4 ,!SE & C\NTLESS O!R HOBBIES REVEAL ! P]SI/5CE ( CREATIVE IMPULSES ?AT WILL REALLY BLOSSOM :5 GIV5 FREE PLAY ON A BROAD] SCALE4 ,IMAG9E H[ PEOPLE :O 5JOY FIX+ UP !IR HOME OR CULTIVAT+ !IR G>D5 WILL GET 9TO RECREAT+ !IR :OLE COMMUNITY2 OR H[ ! ?\S&S ( RAILROAD 5?USIA/S WILL JUMP AT ! *ANCE TO REBUILD & OP]ATE IMPROV$ V]SIONS ( ! RAIL NETWORKS ?AT WILL BE ONE ( ! MA9 WAYS TO R$UCE AUTOMOBILE TRAFFIC4 

,:5 PEOPLE >E SUBJECT$ TO SUSPICION & OPPRESSIVE REGULATIONS1 !Y NATURALLY TRY TO GET AWAY ) DO+ AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE4 ,9 SITUATIONS ( FRE$OM & MUTUAL TRU/ !RE IS A CONTR>Y T5D5CY TO TAKE PRIDE 9 DO+ ! BE/ JOB POSSIBLE4 ,AL?\< SOME TASKS 9 ! NEW SOCIETY WILL BE MORE POPUL> ?AN O!RS1 ! FEW REALLY DIFFICULT OR UNPLEASANT ONES WILL PROBABLY GET MORE ?AN 5\< VOLUNTE]S1 RESPOND+ TO ! ?RILL ( ! *ALL5GE OR ! DESIRE = APPRECIATION1 IF NOT \T ( A S5SE ( RESPONSIBILITY4 ,EV5 N[ MANY PEOPLE >E HAPPY TO VOLUNTE] = WOR?Y PROJECTS IF !Y HAVE ! TIME2 F> MORE WILL DO SO ONCE !Y NO LONG] HAVE TO CON/ANTLY WORRY AB\T PROVID+ = ! BASIC NE$S ( !MSELVES & !IR FAMILIES4 ,AT WOR/1 ! FEW TOTALLY UNPOPUL> TASKS WILL HAVE TO BE DIVID$ UP 9TO ! BRIEFE/ PRACTICABLE %IFTS & ROTAT$ BY LOT UNTIL !Y CAN BE AUTOMAT$4 ,OR !RE MI<T BE AUCTIONS TO SEE IF ANYONE IS WILL+ TO DO !M =1 SAY1 FIVE H\RS A WEEK 9 LIEU ( ! USUAL WORKLOAD ( T5 OR FIFTE52 OR = A FEW EXTRA CR$ITS4 

,UNCOOP]ATIVE *>ACT]S WILL PROBABLY BE SO R>E ?AT ! RE/ ( ! POPULATION MAY JU/ LET !M BE1 RA!R ?AN BO!R+ TO PRESSURE !M 9TO DO+ !IR SMALL %>E4 ,AT A C]TA9 DEGREE ( ABUNDANCE IT BECOMES SIMPL] NOT TO WORRY AB\T A FEW POSSIBLE ABUSES ?AN TO 5LI/ AN >MY ( TIMEKEEP]S1 ACC\NTANTS1 9SPECTORS1 9=M]S1 SPIES1 GU>DS1 POLICE1 ETC41 TO SNOOP >\ND *ECK+ EV]Y DETAIL & PUNI%+ EV]Y 9FRACTION4 ,IT'S UNREALI/IC TO EXPECT PEOPLE TO BE G5]\S & COOP]ATIVE :5 !RE ISN'T MU* TO GO >\ND2 BUT A L>GE MAT]IAL SURPLUS WILL CREATE A L>GE 0M>G9 ( ABUSE10 SO ?AT IT WON'T MATT] IF SOME PEOPLE DO A LITTLE LESS ?AN !IR %>E1 OR TAKE A LITTLE MORE4 

,! ABOLITION ( MONEY WILL PREV5T ANYONE FROM TAK+ MU* MORE ?AN !IR %>E4 ,MO/ MISGIV+S AB\T ! FEASIBILITY ( A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY RE/ ON ! +RA9$ ASSUMPTION ?AT MONEY 7& ?US ALSO ITS NECESS>Y PROTECTOR3 ! /ATE7 W\LD /ILL EXI/4 ,?IS MONEY-/ATE P>TN]%IP CREATES UNLIMIT$ POSSIBILITIES = ABUSES 7LEGISLATORS BRIB$ TO SNEAK LOOPHOLES 9TO TAX LAWS1 ETC472 BUT ONCE IT IS ABOLI%$ BO? ! MOTIVES & ! MEANS = SU* ABUSES WILL VANI%4 ,! AB/RACTNESS ( M>KET RELATIONS 5ABLES ONE P]SON TO ANONYM\SLY ACCUMULATE WEAL? BY 9DIRECTLY DEPRIV+ ?\S&S ( O!RS ( BASIC NECESSITIES2 BUT ) ! ELIM9ATION ( MONEY ANY SIGNIFICANT MONOPOLIZATION ( GOODS W\LD BE TOO UNWIELDY & TOO VISIBLE4 

,:ATEV] O!R =MS ( EX*ANGE !RE MAY BE 9 ! NEW SOCIETY1 ! SIMPLE/ & PROBABLY MO/ COMMON =M WILL BE GIFT-GIV+4 ,! G5]AL ABUNDANCE WILL MAKE IT EASY TO BE G5]\S4 ,GIV+ IS FUN & SATISFY+1 & IT ELIM9ATES ! BO!R ( ACC\NT+4 ,! ONLY CALCULATION IS ?AT CONNECT$ ) HEAL?Y MUTUAL EMULATION4 0,! NEI<BOR+ COMMUNITY DONAT$ SU* & SU* TO A LESS WELL (F REGION2 SURELY WE CAN DO ! SAME40 0,!Y PUT ON A GREAT P>TY2 LET'S SEE IF WE CAN DO AN EV5 BETT] ONE40 ,A LITTLE FRI5DLY RIVALRY 7:O CAN CREATE ! MO/ DELICI\S NEW RECIPE1 CULTIVATE A SUP]IOR VEGETABLE1 SOLVE A SOCIAL PROBLEM1 9V5T A NEW GAME7 WILL B5EFIT EV]YONE1 EV5 ! LOS]S4 

,A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY WILL PROBABLY FUNCTION MU* LIKE A POTLUCK P>TY4 ,MO/ PEOPLE 5JOY PREP>+ A DI% ?AT WILL BE 5JOY$ BY O!RS2 BUT EV5 IF A FEW PEOPLE DON'T BR+ ANY?+ !RE'S /ILL PL5TY TO GO >\ND4 ,IT'S NOT ESS5TIAL ?AT EV]YONE CONTRIBUTE AN EXACTLY EQUAL %>E1 BECAUSE ! TASKS >E SO M9IMAL & >E SPREAD >\ND SO WIDELY ?AT NO ONE IS OV]BURD5$4 ,S9CE EV]YONE IS OP5LY 9VOLV$1 !RE'S NO NE$ = *ECK+ UP ON PEOPLE OR 9/ITUT+ P5ALTIES = NONCOMPLIANCE4 ,! ONLY ELEM5T ( 0CO]CION0 IS ! APPROVAL OR DISAPPROVAL ( ! O!R P>TICIPANTS3 APPRECIATION PROVIDES POSITIVE RE9=CEM5T1 :ILE EV5 ! MO/ 9CONSID]ATE P]SON REALIZES ?AT IF HE CONSI/5TLY FAILS TO CONTRIBUTE HE WILL />T GETT+ FUNNY LOOKS & MI<T NOT BE 9VIT$ AGA94 ,ORGANIZATION IS NECESS>Y ONLY IF SOME PROBLEM TURNS UP4 7,IF !RE >E USUALLY TOO MANY DESS]TS & NOT 5\< MA9 DI%ES1 ! GR\P MI<T DECIDE TO COORD9ATE :O WILL BR+ :AT4 ,IF A FEW G5]\S S\LS 5D UP BE>+ AN UNFAIR %>E ( ! CLEANUP WORK1 A G5TLE PRODD+ SUFFICES TO EMB>RASS O!RS 9TO VOLUNTE]+1 OR ELSE SOME SORT ( SY/EMATIC ROTATION IS WORK$ \T47 

,N[1 ( C\RSE1 SU* SPONTANE\S COOP]ATION IS ! EXCEPTION1 F\ND PRIM>ILY :]E TRADITIONAL COMMUNAL TIES HAVE P]SI/$1 OR AMONG SMALL1 SELF-SELECT$ GR\PS ( LIKE-M9D$ PEOPLE 9 REGIONS :]E CONDITIONS >E NOT TOO DE/ITUTE4 ,\T 9 ! DOG-EAT-DOG WORLD PEOPLE NATURALLY LOOK \T = !MSELVES & >E SUSPICI\S ( O!RS4 ,UNLESS ! SPECTACLE HAPP5S TO /IR !M ) SOME S5TIM5TAL HUMAN-9T]E/ /ORY1 !Y USUALLY HAVE LITTLE CONC]N = ?OSE \TSIDE !IR IMM$IATE CIRCLE4 ,FILL$ ) FRU/RATIONS & RES5TM5TS1 !Y MAY EV5 TAKE A MALICI\S PLEASURE 9 SPOIL+ O!R PEOPLE'S 5JOYM5TS4 

,BUT DESPITE EV]Y?+ ?AT DISC\RAGES !IR HUMANITY1 MO/ PEOPLE1 IF GIV5 A *ANCE1 /ILL LIKE TO FEEL ?AT !Y >E DO+ WOR?Y ?+S1 & !Y LIKE TO BE APPRECIAT$ = DO+ !M4 ,NOTE H[ EAG]LY !Y SEIZE ! SLI<TE/ OPPORTUNITY TO CREATE A MOM5T ( MUTUAL RECOGNITION1 EV5 IF ONLY BY OP5+ A DOOR = SOMEONE OR EX*ANG+ A FEW BANAL REM>KS4 ,IF A FLOOD OR E>?QUAKE OR SOME O!R EM]G5CY >ISES1 EV5 ! MO/ SELFI% & CYNICAL P]SON (T5 PLUNGES RI<T 91 WORK+ TW5TY-F\R H\RS A DAY TO RESCUE PEOPLE1 DELIV] FOOD & FIR/-AID SUPPLIES1 ETC41 )\T ANY COMP5SATION BUT O!RS' GRATITUDE4 ,?IS IS :Y PEOPLE (T5 LOOK BACK ON W>S & NATURAL DISA/]S ) :AT MI<T SEEM LIKE A SURPRIS+ DEGREE ( NO/ALGIA4 ,LIKE REVOLUTION1 SU* EV5TS BREAK ?R\< ! USUAL SOCIAL SEP>ATIONS1 PROVIDE EV]YONE ) OPPORTUNITIES TO DO ?+S ?AT REALLY MATT]1 & PRODUCE A /RONG S5SE ( COMMUNITY 7EV5 IF ONLY BY UNIT+ PEOPLE AGA9/ A COMMON 5EMY74 ,9 A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY !SE SOCIABLE IMPULSES WILL BE ABLE TO FL\RI% )\T REQUIR+ SU* EXTREME PRETEXTS4 

,TE*NOPHOBIC OBJECTIONS 

,PRES5T-DAY AUTOMATION (T5 DOES LITTLE MORE ?AN ?R[ SOME PEOPLE \T ( WORK :ILE 9T5SIFY+ ! REGIM5TATION ( ?OSE :O REMA92 IF ANY TIME IS ACTUALLY GA9$ BY 0LABOR-SAV+0 DEVICES1 IT IS USUALLY SP5T 9 AN EQUALLY ALI5AT$ PASSIVE CONSUMPTION4 ,BUT 9 A LIB]AT$ WORLD COMPUT]S & O!R MOD]N TE*NOLOGIES C\LD BE US$ TO ELIM9ATE DANG]\S OR BOR+ TASKS1 FREE+ EV]YONE TO CONC5TRATE ON MORE 9T]E/+ ACTIVITIES4 

,DISREG>D+ SU* POSSIBILITIES1 & UND]/&ABLY DISGU/$ BY ! CURR5T MISUSE ( MANY TE*NOLOGIES1 SOME PEOPLE HAVE COME TO SEE 0TE*NOLOGY0 ITSELF AS ! MA9 PROBLEM & ADVOCATE A RETURN TO A SIMPL] LIFE/YLE4 ,H[ MU* SIMPL] IS DEBAT$ -- AS FLAWS >E DISCOV]$ 9 EA* P]IOD1 ! DIVID+ L9E KEEPS GETT+ PU%$ F>!R BACK4 ,SOME1 CONSID]+ ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION AS ! MA9 VILLA91 DISSEM9ATE COMPUT]-PR9T$ EULOGIES ( H& CRAFTSMAN%IP4 ,O!RS1 SEE+ ! 9V5TION ( AGRICULTURE AS ! ORIG9AL S91 FEEL WE %\LD RETURN TO A HUNT]-GA!R] SOCIETY1 ?\< !Y >E NOT 5TIRELY CLE> AB\T :AT !Y HAVE 9 M9D = ! PRES5T HUMAN POPULATION :I* C\LD NOT BE SU/A9$ BY SU* AN ECONOMY4 ,O!RS1 NOT TO BE \TDONE1 PRES5T ELOQU5T >GUM5TS PROV+ ?AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( LANGUAGE & RATIONAL ?\<T WAS ! REAL ORIG9 ( \R PROBLEMS4 ,YET O!RS CONT5D ?AT ! :OLE HUMAN RACE IS SO 9CORRIGIBLY EVIL ?AT IT %\LD ALTRUI/ICALLY EXT+UI% ITSELF 9 ORD] TO SAVE ! RE/ ( ! GLOBAL ECOSY/EM4 

,!SE FANTASIES CONTA9 SO MANY OBVI\S SELF-CONTRADICTIONS ?AT IT IS H>DLY NECESS>Y TO CRITICIZE !M 9 ANY DETAIL4 ,!Y HAVE QUE/IONABLE RELEVANCE TO ACTUAL PA/ SOCIETIES & VIRTUALLY NO RELEVANCE TO PRES5T POSSIBILITIES4 ,EV5 SUPPOS+ ?AT LIFE WAS BETT] 9 ONE OR ANO!R PREVI\S ]A1 WE HAVE TO BEG9 FROM :]E WE >E N[4 ,MOD]N TE*NOLOGY IS SO 9T]WOV5 ) ALL ASPECTS ( \R LIFE ?AT IT C\LD NOT BE ABRUPTLY DISCONT9U$ )\T CAUS+ A GLOBAL *AOS ?AT W\LD WIPE \T BILLIONS ( PEOPLE4 ,PO/REVOLUTION>Y PEOPLE WILL PROBABLY DECIDE TO R$UCE HUMAN POPULATION & PHASE \T C]TA9 9DU/RIES1 BUT ?IS CAN'T BE DONE OV]NI<T4 ,WE NE$ TO S]I\SLY CONSID] H[ WE WILL DEAL ) ALL ! PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ?AT WILL BE POS$ 9 ! 9T]IM4 

,IF IT EV] COMES D[N TO SU* A PRACTICAL MATT]1 ,I D\BT IF ! TE*NOPHOBES WILL REALLY WANT TO ELIM9ATE MOTORIZ$ :EEL*AIRS2 OR PULL ! PLUG ON +5I\S COMPUT] SETUPS LIKE ! ONE ?AT 5ABLES PHYSICI/ ,/EPH5 ,HAWK+ TO COMMUNICATE DESPITE BE+ TOTALLY P>ALYZ$2 OR ALL[ A WOMAN TO DIE 9 *ILDBIR? :O C\LD BE SAV$ BY TE*NICAL PROC$URES2 OR ACCEPT ! REEM]G5CE ( DISEASES ?AT US$ TO R\T9ELY KILL OR P]MAN5TLY DISABLE A L>GE P]C5TAGE ( ! POPULATION2 OR RESIGN !MSELVES TO NEV] VISIT+ OR COMMUNICAT+ ) PEOPLE 9 O!R P>TS ( ! WORLD UNLESS !Y'RE )9 WALK+ DI/ANCE2 OR /& BY :ILE PEOPLE DIE 9 FAM9ES ?AT C\LD BE AV]T$ ?R\< GLOBAL FOOD %IPM5TS4 

,! PROBLEM IS ?AT MEAN:ILE ?IS 9CREAS+LY FA%IONABLE IDEOLOGY DEFLECTS ATT5TION FROM REAL PROBLEMS & POSSIBILITIES4 ,A SIMPLI/IC ,MANI*EAN DUALISM 7NATURE IS ,GOOD1 TE*NOLOGY IS ,BAD7 5ABLES PEOPLE TO IGNORE COMPLEX HI/ORICAL & DIALECTICAL PROCESSES2 IT'S SO MU* EASI] TO BLAME EV]Y?+ ON SOME PRIMORDIAL EVIL1 SOME SORT ( DEVIL OR ORIG9AL S94 ,:AT BEG9S AS A VALID QUE/ION+ ( EXCESSIVE FAI? 9 SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY 5DS UP AS A DESP]ATE & EV5 LESS JU/IFI$ FAI? 9 ! RETURN ( A PRIMEVAL P>ADISE1 ACCOMPANI$ BY A FAILURE TO 5GAGE ! PRES5T SY/EM 9 ANY BUT AN AB/RACT1 APOCALYPTICAL WAY4.<#b#d.> 

,TE*NOPHILES & TE*NOPHOBES >E UNIT$ 9 TREAT+ TE*NOLOGY 9 ISOLATION FROM O!R SOCIAL FACTORS1 DIFF]+ ONLY 9 !IR EQUALLY SIMPLI/IC CONCLUSIONS ?AT NEW TE*NOLOGIES >E AUTOMATICALLY EMP[]+ OR AUTOMATICALLY ALI5AT+4 ,AS LONG AS CAPITALISM ALI5ATES ALL HUMAN PRODUCTIONS 9TO AUTONOM\S 5DS ?AT ESCAPE ! CONTROL ( !IR CREATORS1 TE*NOLOGIES WILL %>E 9 ?AT ALI5ATION & WILL BE US$ TO RE9=CE IT4 ,BUT :5 PEOPLE FREE !MSELVES FROM ?IS DOM9ATION1 !Y WILL HAVE NO TR\BLE REJECT+ ?OSE TE*NOLOGIES ?AT >E H>MFUL :ILE ADAPT+ O!RS TO B5EFICIAL USES4 

,C]TA9 TE*NOLOGIES -- NUCLE> P[] IS ! MO/ OBVI\S EXAMPLE -- >E 9DE$ SO 9SANELY DANG]\S ?AT !Y WILL NO D\BT BE BR\<T TO A PROMPT HALT4 ,MANY O!R 9DU/RIES :I* PRODUCE ABSURD1 OBSOLETE OR SUP]FLU\S COMMODITIES WILL1 ( C\RSE1 CEASE AUTOMATICALLY ) ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( !IR COMM]CIAL RATIONALES4 ,BUT MANY TE*NOLOGIES 7ELECTRICITY1 METALLURGY1 REFRIG]ATION1 PLUMB+1 PR9T+1 RECORD+1 PHOTOGRAPHY1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS1 TOOLS1 TEXTILES1 SEW+ MA*9ES1 AGRICULTURAL EQUIPM5T1 SURGICAL 9/RUM5TS1 ANES!TICS1 ANTIBIOTICS1 AMONG DOZ5S ( O!R EXAMPLES ?AT WILL COME TO M9D71 H[EV] !Y MAY PRES5TLY BE MISUS$1 HAVE FEW IF ANY 9H]5T DRAWBACKS4 ,IT'S SIMPLY A MATT] ( US+ !M MORE S5SIBLY1 BR++ !M UND] POPUL> CONTROL1 9TRODUC+ A FEW ECOLOGICAL IMPROVEM5TS1 & R$ESIGN+ !M = HUMAN RA!R ?AN CAPITALI/IC 5DS4 

,O!R TE*NOLOGIES >E MORE PROBLEMATIC4 ,!Y WILL /ILL BE NE$$ TO SOME EXT5T1 BUT !IR H>MFUL & IRRATIONAL ASPECTS WILL BE PHAS$ \T1 USUALLY BY ATTRITION4 ,IF ONE CONSID]S ! AUTOMOBILE 9DU/RY AS A :OLE1 9CLUD+ ITS VA/ 9FRA/RUCTURE 7FACTORIES1 /REETS1 HI<WAYS1 GAS /ATIONS1 OIL WELLS7 & ALL ITS 9CONV5I5CES & HIDD5 CO/S 7TRAFFIC JAMS1 P>K+1 REPAIRS1 9SURANCE1 ACCID5TS1 POLLUTION1 URBAN DE/RUCTION71 IT IS CLE> ?AT ANY NUMB] ( ALT]NATIVE ME?ODS W\LD BE PREF]ABLE4 ,! FACT REMA9S ?AT ?IS 9FRA/RUCTURE IS ALREADY !RE4 ,! NEW SOCIETY WILL ?US UND\BT$LY CONT9UE TO USE EXI/+ AUTOMOBILES & TRUCKS = A FEW YE>S1 :ILE CONC5TRAT+ ON DEVELOP+ MORE S5SIBLE MODES ( TRANSPORTATION TO GRADUALLY REPLACE !M AS !Y WE> \T4 ,P]SONAL VEHICLES ) NONPOLLUT+ 5G9ES MI<T CONT9UE 9DEF9ITELY 9 RURAL >EAS1 BUT MO/ PRES5T-DAY URBAN TRAFFIC 7) A FEW EXCEPTIONS SU* AS DELIV]Y TRUCKS1 FIRE 5G9ES1 AMBULANCES1 & TAXIS = DISABL$ PEOPLE7 C\LD BE SUP]S$$ BY V>I\S =MS ( PUBLIC TRANSIT1 5ABL+ MANY FREEWAYS & /REETS TO BE CONV]T$ TO P>KS1 G>D5S1 PLAZAS & BIKE PA?S4 ,AIRPLANES WILL BE RETA9$ = 9T]CONT95TAL TRAVEL 7RATION$ IF NECESS>Y7 & = C]TA9 K9DS ( URG5T %IPM5TS1 BUT ! ELIM9ATION ( WAGE LABOR WILL LEAVE PEOPLE ) TIME = MORE LEISURELY MODES ( TRAVEL -- BOATS1 TRA9S1 BIK+1 HIK+4 

,H]E1 AS 9 O!R >EAS1 IT WILL BE UP TO ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$ TO EXP]IM5T ) DIFF]5T POSSIBILITIES TO SEE :AT WORKS BE/4 ,ONCE PEOPLE >E ABLE TO DET]M9E ! AIMS & CONDITIONS ( !IR [N WORK1 !Y WILL NATURALLY COME UP ) ALL SORTS ( IDEAS ?AT WILL MAKE ?AT WORK BRIEF]1 SAF] & MORE PLEASANT2 & SU* IDEAS1 NO LONG] PAT5T$ OR JEAL\SLY GU>D$ AS 0BUS9ESS SECRETS10 WILL RAPIDLY SPREAD & 9SPIRE FUR!R IMPROVEM5TS4 ,) ! ELIM9ATION ( COMM]CIAL MOTIVES1 PEOPLE WILL ALSO BE ABLE TO GIVE APPROPRIATE WEI<T TO SOCIAL & 5VIRONM5TAL FACTORS ALONG ) PURELY QUANTITATIVE LABOR-TIME CONSID]ATIONS4 ,IF1 SAY1 PRODUCTION ( COMPUT]S CURR5TLY 9VOLVES SOME SWEAT%OP LABOR OR CAUSES SOME POLLUTION 7?\< F> LESS ?AN CLASSIC 0SMOKE/ACK0 9DU/RIES71 !RE'S NO REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT BETT] ME?ODS CANNOT BE FIGUR$ \T ONCE PEOPLE SET !IR M9DS TO IT -- V]Y LIKELY PRECISELY ?R\< A JUDICI\S USE ( COMPUT] AUTOMATION4 7,=TUNATELY1 ! MORE REPETITIVE ! JOB1 ! EASI] IT USUALLY IS TO AUTOMATE47 

,! G5]AL RULE WILL BE TO SIMPLIFY BASIC MANUFACTURES 9 WAYS ?AT FACILITATE OPTIMUM FLEXIBILITY4 ,TE*NIQUES WILL BE MADE MORE UNI=M & UND]/&ABLE1 SO ?AT PEOPLE ) A M9IMAL G5]AL TRA9+ WILL BE ABLE TO C>RY \T CON/RUCTION1 REPAIRS1 ALT]ATIONS & O!R OP]ATIONS ?AT =M]LY REQUIR$ SPECIALIZ$ TRA9+4 ,BASIC TOOLS1 APPLIANCES1 RAW MAT]IALS1 MA*9E P>TS & >*ITECTURAL MODULES WILL PROBABLY BE /&>DIZ$ & MASS-PRODUC$1 LEAV+ TAILOR-MADE REF9EM5TS TO SMALL-SCALE 0COTTAGE 9DU/RIES0 & ! F9AL & POT5TIALLY MO/ CREATIVE ASPECTS TO ! 9DIVIDUAL US]S4 ,ONCE TIME IS NO LONG] MONEY WE MAY1 AS ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS HOP$1 SEE A REVIVAL ( ELABORATE 0LABOR0-9T5SIVE >TS & CRAFTS3 JOYFUL MAK+ & GIV+ BY PEOPLE :O C>E AB\T !IR CREATIONS & ! PEOPLE = :OM !Y >E DE/9$4 

,SOME COMMUNITIES MI<T *OOSE TO RETA9 A FAIR AM\NT ( 7ECOLOGICALLY SANITIZ$7 HEAVY TE*NOLOGY2 O!RS MI<T OPT = SIMPL] LIFE/YLES1 ?\< BACK$ UP BY TE*NICAL MEANS TO FACILITATE ?AT SIMPLICITY OR = EM]G5CIES4 ,SOL>-P[]$ G5]ATORS & SATELLITE-L9K$ TELECOMMUNICATIONS1 = EXAMPLE1 W\LD 5ABLE PEOPLE TO LIVE (F 9 ! WOODS ) NO NE$ = P[] & TELEPHONE L9ES4 ,IF E>?-BAS$ SOL> P[] & O!R R5EWABLE 5]GY S\RCES PROV$ 9SUFFICI5T1 IMM5SE SOL> RECEPTORS 9 ORBIT C\LD BEAM D[N A VIRTUALLY UNLIMIT$ AM\NT ( POLLUTION-FREE 5]GY4 

,MO/ ,?IRD ,WORLD REGIONS1 9CID5TALLY1 LIE 9 ! SUN BELT :]E SOL> P[] CAN BE MO/ EFFECTIVE4 ,?\< !IR POV]TY WILL PRES5T SOME 9ITIAL DIFFICULTIES1 !IR TRADITIONS ( COOP]ATIVE SELF-SUFFICI5CY PLUS ! FACT ?AT !Y >E NOT 5CUMB]$ ) OBSOLETE 9DU/RIAL 9FRA/RUCTURES MAY GIVE !M SOME COMP5SAT+ ADVANTAGES :5 IT COMES TO CREAT+ NEW1 ECOLOGICALLY APPROPRIATE /RUCTURES4 ,BY DRAW+ SELECTIVELY ON ! DEVELOP$ REGIONS = :ATEV] 9=MATION & TE*NOLOGIES !Y !MSELVES DECIDE !Y NE$1 !Y WILL BE ABLE TO SKIP ! HORRIBLE 0CLASSIC0 /AGE ( 9DU/RIALIZATION & CAPITAL ACCUMULATION & PROCE$ DIRECTLY TO PO/CAPITALI/ =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,NOR WILL ! 9FLU5CE NECESS>ILY BE ALL ONE WAY3 SOME ( ! MO/ ADVANC$ SOCIAL EXP]IM5TATION 9 HI/ORY WAS C>RI$ \T DUR+ ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION BY ILLIT]ATE PEASANTS LIV+ UND] VIRTUALLY ,?IRD ,WORLD CONDITIONS4 

,NOR WILL PEOPLE 9 DEVELOP$ REGIONS NE$ TO ACCEPT A DRAB TRANSITIONAL P]IOD ( 0L[]$ EXPECTATIONS0 9 ORD] TO 5ABLE LESS DEVELOP$ REGIONS TO CAT* UP4 ,?IS COMMON MISCONCEPTION /EMS FROM ! FALSE ASSUMPTION ?AT MO/ PRES5T-DAY PRODUCTS >E DESIRABLE & NECESS>Y -- IMPLY+ ?AT MORE = O!RS MEANS LESS = \RSELVES4 ,9 REALITY1 A REVOLUTION 9 ! DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES WILL IMM$IATELY SUP]S$E SO MANY ABSURD COMMODITIES & CONC]NS ?AT EV5 IF SUPPLIES ( C]TA9 GOODS & S]VICES >E TEMPOR>ILY R$UC$1 PEOPLE WILL /ILL BE BETT] (F ?AN !Y >E N[ EV5 9 MAT]IAL T]MS 79 ADDITION TO BE+ F> BETT] (F 9 0SPIRITUAL0 T]MS74 ,ONCE !IR [N IMM$IATE PROBLEMS >E TAK5 C>E (1 MANY ( !M WILL 5?USIA/ICALLY ASSI/ LESS =TUNATE PEOPLE4 ,BUT ?IS ASSI/ANCE WILL BE VOLUNT>Y1 & MO/ ( IT WILL NOT 5TAIL ANY S]I\S SELF-SACRIFICE4 ,TO DONATE LABOR OR BUILD+ MAT]IALS OR >*ITECTURAL KN[-H[ SO ?AT O!RS CAN BUILD HOMES = !MSELVES1 = EXAMPLE1 WILL NOT REQUIRE DISMANTL+ ONE'S [N HOME4 ,! POT5TIAL RI*NESS ( MOD]N SOCIETY CONSI/S NOT ONLY ( MAT]IAL GOODS1 BUT ( KN[L$GE1 IDEAS1 TE*NIQUES1 9V5TIV5ESS1 5?USIASM1 COMPASSION1 & O!R QUALITIES ?AT >E ACTUALLY 9CREAS$ BY BE+ %>$ >\ND4 

,ECOLOGICAL ISSUES 

,A SELF-MANAG$ SOCIETY WILL NATURALLY IMPLEM5T MO/ PRES5T-DAY ECOLOGICAL DEM&S4 ,SOME >E ESS5TIAL = ! V]Y SURVIVAL ( HUMANITY2 BUT = BO? ES!TIC & E?ICAL REASONS1 LIB]AT$ PEOPLE WILL UND\BT$LY *OOSE TO GO WELL BEYOND ?IS M9IMUM & FO/] A RI* BIODIV]SITY4 

,! PO9T IS ?AT WE CAN DEBATE SU* ISSUES OP5-M9D$LY ONLY :5 WE HAVE ELIM9AT$ ! PR(IT 9C5TIVES & ECONOMIC 9SECURITY ?AT N[ UND]M9E EV5 ! MO/ M9IMAL EF=TS TO DEF5D ! 5VIRONM5T 7LOGG]S AFRAID ( LOS+ !IR JOBS1 *RONIC POV]TY TEMPT+ ,?IRD ,WORLD C\NTRIES TO CA% 9 ON !IR RA9 =E/S1 ETC474.<#b#e.> 

,:5 HUMANITY AS A SPECIES IS BLAM$ = 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION1 ! SPECIFIC SOCIAL CAUSES >E =GOTT54 ,! FEW :O MAKE ! DECISIONS >E LUMP$ ) ! P[]LESS MAJORITY4 ,FAM9ES >E SE5 AS NATURE'S REV5GE AGA9/ OV]POPULATION1 NATURAL *ECKS ?AT MU/ BE ALL[$ TO RUN !IR C\RSE -- AS IF !RE WAS ANY?+ NATURAL AB\T ! ,WORLD ,BANK & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND1 :I* =CE ,?IRD ,WORLD C\NTRIES TO CULTIVATE PRODUCTS = EXPORT RA!R ?AN FOOD = LOCAL CONSUMPTION4 ,PEOPLE >E MADE TO FEEL GUILTY = US+ C>S1 IGNOR+ ! FACT ?AT AUTO COMPANIES 7BY BUY+ UP & SABOTAG+ ELECTRIC TRANSIT SY/EMS1 LOBBY+ = HI<WAY CON/RUCTION & AGA9/ RAILROAD SUBSIDIES1 ETC47 HAVE CREAT$ A SITUATION 9 :I* MO/ PEOPLE HAVE TO HAVE C>S4 ,SPECTACUL> PUBLICITY GRAVELY URGES EV]YONE TO R$UCE 5]GY CONSUMPTION 7:ILE CON/ANTLY 9CIT+ EV]YONE TO CONSUME MORE ( EV]Y?+71 ?\< WE C\LD BY N[ HAVE DEVELOP$ MORE ?AN 5\< CLEAN & R5EWABLE 5]GY S\RCES IF ! FOSSIL-FUEL COMPANIES HAD NOT SUCCESSFULLY LOBBI$ AGA9/ DEVOT+ ANY SIGNIFICANT RESE>* FUND+ TO ?AT 5D4 

,! PO9T IS NOT TO BLAME EV5 ! HEADS ( ?OSE COMPANIES -- !Y TOO >E CAU<T 9 A GR[-OR-DIE SY/EM ?AT IMPELS !M TO MAKE SU* DECISIONS -- BUT TO ABOLI% ! SETUP ?AT CONT9UALLY PRODUCES SU* IRRESI/IBLE PRESSURES4 

,A LIB]AT$ WORLD %\LD HAVE ROOM BO? = HUMAN COMMUNITIES & = L>GE 5\< REGIONS ( UNDI/URB$ WILD]NESS TO SATISFY MO/ ( ! DEEP ECOLOGI/S4 ,BETWE5 ?OSE TWO EXTREMES ,I LIKE TO ?9K ?AT !RE WILL BE ALL SORTS ( IMAG9ATIVE1 YET C>EFUL & RESPECTFUL1 HUMAN 9T]ACTIONS ) NATURE4 ,COOP]AT+ ) IT1 WORK+ ) IT1 PLAY+ ) IT2 CREAT+ V>IEGAT$ 9T]M+L+S ( =E/S1 F>MS1 P>KS1 G>D5S1 OR*>DS1 CREEKS1 VILLAGES1 T[NS4 

,L>GE CITIES WILL BE BROK5 UP1 SPAC$ \T1 0GRE5$10 & RE>RANG$ 9 A V>IETY ( WAYS 9CORPORAT+ & SURPASS+ ! VISIONS ( ! MO/ IMAG9ATIVE >*ITECTS & CITY PLANN]S ( ! PA/ 7:O W]E USUALLY LIMIT$ BY !IR ASSUMPTION ( ! P]MAN5CE ( CAPITALISM74 ,EXCEPTIONALLY1 C]TA9 MAJOR CITIES1 ESPECIALLY ?OSE ( SOME ES!TIC OR HI/ORICAL 9T]E/1 WILL RETA9 OR EV5 AMPLIFY !IR COSMOPOLITAN FEATURES1 PROVID+ GR& C5T]S :]E DIV]SE CULTURES & LIFE/YLES CAN COME TOGE!R4.<#b#f.> 

,SOME PEOPLE1 DRAW+ ON ! SITUATIONI/S' E>LY 0PSY*OGEOGRAPHICAL0 EXPLORATIONS & 0UNIT>Y URBANISM0 IDEAS1 WILL CON/RUCT ELABORATE *ANGEABLE DECORS DESIGN$ TO FACILITATE LABYR9?9E W&]+S AMONG DIV]SE AMBIANCES -- ,IVAN ,*T*EGLOV 5VISION$ 0ASSEMBLAGES ( CA/LES1 GROTTOS1 LAKES10 0ROOMS MORE CONDUCIVE TO DREAMS ?AN ANY DRUG10 & PEOPLE LIV+ 9 !IR [N P]SONAL 0CA!DRALS0 7,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 PP4 #c-#d .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION P4 #f.> .<,=MUL>Y = A ,NEW ,URBANISM.>74 ,O!RS MAY 9CL9E MORE TO ! ,F> ,EA/]N POET'S DEF9ITION ( HAPP9ESS AS LIV+ 9 A HUT BESIDE A M\NTA9 /REAM4 

,IF !RE >5'T 5\< CA!DRALS OR M\NTA9 /REAMS TO GO >\ND1 MAYBE SOME COMPROMISES WILL HAVE TO BE WORK$ \T4 ,BUT IF PLACES LIKE ,*>TRES OR ,YOSEMITE >E PRES5TLY OV]RUN1 ?IS IS ONLY BECAUSE ! RE/ ( ! PLANET HAS BE5 SO UGLIFI$4 ,AS O!R NATURAL >EAS >E REVITALIZ$ & AS HUMAN HABITATS >E MADE MORE BEAUTIFUL & 9T]E/+1 IT WILL NO LONG] BE NECESS>Y = A FEW EXCEPTIONAL SITES TO ACCOMMODATE MILLIONS ( PEOPLE DESP]ATE TO GET AWAY FROM IT ALL4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 MANY PEOPLE MAY ACTUALLY GRAVITATE T[>D ! MO/ MIS]ABLE REGIONS BECAUSE !SE WILL BE ! 0NEW FRONTI]S0 :]E ! MO/ EXCIT+ TRANS=MATIONS WILL BE TAK+ PLACE 7UGLY BUILD+S BE+ DEMOLI%$ TO MAKE WAY = EXP]IM5TAL RECON/RUCTION FROM SCRAT*74 

,! BLOSSOM+ ( FREE COMMUNITIES 

,! LIB]ATION ( POPUL> CREATIVITY WILL G5]ATE LIVELY COMMUNITIES SURPASS+ ,A!NS1 ,FLOR5CE1 ,P>IS & O!R FAM\S C5T]S ( ! PA/1 9 :I* FULL P>TICIPATION WAS LIMIT$ TO PRIVILEG$ M9ORITIES4 ,:ILE SOME PEOPLE MAY *OOSE TO BE RELATIVELY SOLIT>Y & SELF-SUFFICI5T 7H]MITS & NOMADS WILL BE FREE TO KEEP TO !MSELVES EXCEPT = A FEW M9IMAL >RANGEM5TS ) NE>BY COMMUNITIES71 MO/ WILL PROBABLY PREF] ! PLEASURE & CONV5I5CE ( DO+ ?+S TOGE!R1 & WILL SET UP ALL SORTS ( PUBLIC WORK%OPS1 LIBR>IES1 LABORATORIES1 LAUNDRIES1 KIT*5S1 BAK]IES1 CAFES1 HEAL? CL9ICS1 /UDIOS1 MUSIC ROOMS1 AUDITORIUMS1 SAUNAS1 GYMS1 PLAYGR\NDS1 FAIRS1 FLEA M>KETS 7)\T =GETT+ SOME QUIET SPACES TO C\NT]BALANCE ALL ! SOCIALIZ+74 ,CITY BLOCKS MI<T BE CONV]T$ 9TO MORE UNIFI$ COMPLEXES1 CONNECT+ \T] BUILD+S ) HALLWAYS & >CADES & REMOV+ F5CES BETWE5 BACK Y>DS SO AS TO CREATE L>G] 9T]IOR P>K1 G>D5 OR NURS]Y >EAS4 ,PEOPLE C\LD *OOSE AMONG V>I\S TYPES & DEGREES ( P>TICIPATION1 E4G4 :E!R TO SIGN UP = A C\PLE DAYS P] MON? ( COOK+1 DI%WA%+ OR G>D5+ 5TITL+ !M TO EAT AT A COMMUNAL CAFET]IA1 OR TO GR[ MO/ ( !IR [N FOOD & COOK = !MSELVES4 

,9 ALL !SE HYPO!TICAL EXAMPLES IT'S IMPORTANT TO BE> 9 M9D ! DIV]SITY ( CULTURES ?AT WILL DEVELOP4 ,9 ONE1 COOK+ MI<T BE SE5 AS A T$I\S *ORE TO BE M9IMIZ$ AS MU* AS POSSIBLE & PRECISELY APPORTION$2 9 ANO!R IT MI<T BE A PASSION OR A VALU$ SOCIAL RITUAL ?AT WILL ATTRACT MORE ?AN 5\< 5?USIA/IC VOLUNTE]S4 

,SOME COMMUNITIES1 LIKE ,P>ADIGM ,I,I,I 9 ,COMMUNITAS 7ALL[+ = ! FACT ?AT ! ,GOODMANS' S*EMA /ILL ASSUMES ! EXI/5CE ( MONEY71 MAY MA9TA9 A %>P DI/9CTION BETWE5 ! FREE SECTOR & ! LUXURY SECTOR4 ,O!RS MAY DEVELOP MORE ORGANICALLY 9TEGRAT$ SOCIAL PATT]NS1 ALONG ! L9ES ( ,P>ADIGM ,I,I ( ! SAME BOOK1 /RIV+ = MAXIMUM UNITY ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL ACTIVITY1 ES!TIC & SCI5TIFIC $UCATION1 SOCIAL & PSY*OLOGICAL H>MONY1 EV5 AT ! CO/ ( PURELY QUANTITATIVE EFFICI5CY4 ,! ,P>ADIGM ,I,I,I /YLE MI<T BE MO/ APPROPRIATE AS A 9ITIAL TRANSITIONAL =M1 :5 PEOPLE >E NOT YET US$ TO ! NEW P]SPECTIVES & WANT SOME FIX$ ECONOMIC FRAME ( REF]5CE TO GIVE !M A S5SE ( SECURITY AGA9/ POT5TIAL ABUSES4 ,AS PEOPLE GET ! BUGS \T ( ! NEW SY/EM & DEVELOP MORE MUTUAL TRU/1 !Y WILL PROBABLY T5D MORE T[>D ! ,P>ADIGM ,I,I /YLE4 

,AS 9 ,F\RI]'S *>M+ FANTASIES1 BUT M9US HIS ECC5TRICITIES & ) MU* MORE FLEXIBILITY1 PEOPLE WILL BE ABLE TO 5GAGE 9 A V>IETY ( PURSUITS ACCORD+ TO ELABORATELY 9T]RELAT$ AFF9ITIES4 ,A P]SON MI<T BE A REGUL> MEMB] ( C]TA9 ONGO+ GR\P+S 7AFF9ITY GR\P1 C\NCIL1 COLLECTIVE1 NEI<BORHOOD1 T[N1 REGION7 :ILE ONLY TEMPOR>ILY TAK+ P>T 9 V>I\S AD HOC ACTIVITIES 7AS PEOPLE DO TODAY 9 CLUBS1 HOBBYI/ NETWORKS1 MUTUAL-AID ASSOCIATIONS1 POLITICAL-ISSUE GR\PS & B>NRAIS+-TYPE PROJECTS74 ,LOCAL ASSEMBLIES WILL KEEP TALLIES ( (F]S & REQUE/S2 MAKE KN[N ! DECISIONS ( O!R ASSEMBLIES & ! CURR5T /ATE ( PROJECTS 9 PROGRESS OR PROBLEMS YET UNRESOLV$2 & =M LIBR>IES1 SWIT*BO>DS & COMPUT] NETWORKS TO GA!R & DISSEM9ATE 9=MATION ( ALL K9DS & TO L9K UP PEOPLE ) COMMON TA/ES4 ,M$IA WILL BE ACCESSIBLE TO EV]YONE1 5ABL+ !M TO EXPRESS !IR [N P>TICUL> PROJECTS1 PROBLEMS1 PROPOSALS1 CRITIQUES1 5?USIASMS1 DESIRES1 VISIONS4 ,TRADITIONAL >TS & CRAFTS WILL CONT9UE1 BUT M]ELY AS ONE FACET ( CONT9U\SLY CREATIVE LIVES4 ,PEOPLE WILL /ILL TAKE P>T1 ) MORE ZE/ ?AN EV]1 9 SPORTS & GAMES1 FAIRS & FE/IVALS1 MUSIC & DANC+1 LOVEMAK+ & *ILD RAIS+1 BUILD+ & REMODEL+1 TEA*+ & LE>N+1 CAMP+ & TRAVEL+2 BUT NEW G5RES & >TS ( LIFE WILL ALSO DEVELOP ?AT WE CAN N[ H>DLY IMAG9E4 

,MORE ?AN 5\< PEOPLE WILL GRAVITATE TO SOCIALLY NECESS>Y PROJECTS1 9 AGRONOMY1 M$IC9E1 5G9E]+1 $UCATIONAL 9NOVATION1 5VIRONM5TAL RE/ORATION & SO ON1 = NO O!R REASON ?AN ?AT !Y F9D !M 9T]E/+ & SATISFY+4 ,O!RS MAY PREF] LESS UTILIT>IAN PURSUITS4 ,SOME WILL LIVE FAIRLY QUIET DOME/IC LIVES2 O!RS WILL GO 9 = D>+ ADV5TURES1 OR LIVE IT UP 9 FEA/S & ORGIES2 YET O!RS MAY DEVOTE !MSELVES TO BIRD-WAT*+1 OR EX*ANG+ Z9ES1 OR COLLECT+ QUA9T MEMORABILIA FROM PR]EVOLUTION>Y TIMES1 OR ANY ( A MILLION O!R PURSUITS4 ,EV]YONE CAN FOLL[ !IR [N 9CL9ATIONS4 ,IF SOME S9K 9TO A PASSIVE SPECTATOR EXI/5CE1 !Y'LL PROBABLY EV5TUALLY GET BOR$ & TRY MORE CREATIVE V5TURES4 ,EV5 IF !Y DON'T1 ?AT WILL BE !IR AFFAIR2 IT WON'T H>M ANYONE ELSE4 

,= ANYONE :O F9DS ! E>?LY UTOPIA TOO 9SIPID & REALLY WANTS TO GET AWAY FROM IT ALL1 ! EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION ( ! SOL> SY/EM -- P]HAPS EV5TUALLY EV5 MIGRATION TO O!R />S -- WILL PROVIDE A FRONTI] ?AT WILL NEV] BE EXHAU/$4 

,BUT SO WILL EXPLORATIONS ( 09N] SPACE40 

,MORE 9T]E/+ PROBLEMS 

,AN ANTIHI]>*ICAL REVOLUTION WILL NOT SOLVE ALL \R PROBLEMS2 IT WILL SIMPLY ELIM9ATE SOME ( ! ANA*RONI/IC ONES1 FREE+ US TO TACKLE MORE 9T]E/+ PROBLEMS4 

,IF ! PRES5T TEXT SEEMS TO NEGLECT ! 0SPIRITUAL0 ASPECTS ( LIFE1 ?IS IS BECAUSE ,I WANT$ TO /RESS SOME BASIC MAT]IAL MATT]S ?AT >E (T5 OV]LOOK$4 ,BUT !SE MAT]IAL MATT]S >E ONLY ! FRAMEWORK4 ,A LIB]AT$ SOCIETY WILL BE BAS$ F> MORE ON JOY & LOVE & SPONTANE\S G5]OSITY ?AN ON RIGID RULES OR EGOI/IC CALCULATIONS4 ,WE CAN PROBABLY GET A MORE VIVID S5SE ( :AT IT MI<T BE LIKE FROM VISION>IES LIKE ,BLAKE OR ,:ITMAN ?AN FROM P$ANTIC DEBATES AB\T ECONOMIC CR$ITS & RECALLABLE DELEGATES4 

,I SUSPECT ?AT ONCE PEOPLE'S BASIC MAT]IAL NE$S >E G5]\SLY TAK5 C>E ( & !Y >E NO LONG] SUBJECT$ TO A CON/ANT B>RAGE ( COMM]CIAL TITILLATION1 MO/ ( !M 7AFT] BRIEF B+ES ( OV]9DULG5CE 9 ?+S !Y W]E PREVI\SLY DEPRIV$ (7 WILL F9D ! GREATE/ SATISFACTION 9 RELATIVELY SIMPLE & UNCLUTT]$ LIFE/YLES4 ,! ]OTIC & GU/ATORY >TS WILL UND\BT$LY BE 5RI*5$ 9 MANY WAYS1 BUT SIMPLY AS FACETS ( FULL1 R\ND$ LIVES ?AT ALSO 9CLUDE A WIDE RANGE ( 9TELLECTUAL1 ES!TIC & SPIRITUAL PURSUITS4 

,$UCATION1 NO LONG] LIMIT$ TO CONDITION+ Y\NG PEOPLE = A N>R[ ROLE 9 AN IRRATIONAL ECONOMY1 WILL BECOME AN 5?USIA/IC LIFELONG ACTIVITY4 ,9 ADDITION TO :ATEV] =MAL $UCATIONAL 9/ITUTIONS !RE MAY /ILL BE1 PEOPLE WILL HAVE 9/ANT ACCESS VIA BOOKS & COMPUT]S TO 9=MATION ON ANY SUBJECT !Y WI% TO EXPLORE1 & !Y'LL BE ABLE TO GET H&S-ON EXP]I5CE 9 ALL SORTS ( >TS & SKILLS1 OR TO SEEK \T ANYONE = P]SONAL 9/RUCTION OR DISCUSSION -- LIKE ! ANCI5T ,GREEK PHILOSOPH]S DEBAT+ 9 ! PUBLIC M>KETPLACE1 OR ! M$IEVAL ,*9ESE MONKS W&]+ ! M\NTA9S 9 SE>* ( ! MO/ 9SPIR+ ,Z5 MA/]4 

,! ASPECTS ( RELIGION ?AT N[ S]VE AS M]E PSY*OLOGICAL ESCAPES FROM SOCIAL ALI5ATION WILL FADE AWAY1 BUT ! BASIC QUE/IONS ?AT HAVE F\ND MORE OR LESS DI/ORT$ EXPRESSION 9 RELIGION WILL REMA94 ,!RE WILL /ILL BE PA9S & LOSSES1 TRAG$IES & FRU/RATIONS1 PEOPLE WILL /ILL FACE SICKNESS1 OLD AGE & DEA?4 ,& 9 ! PROCESS ( TRY+ TO FIGURE \T :AT1 IF ANY?+1 IT ALL MEANS1 & H[ TO DEAL ) IT1 SOME ( !M WILL R$ISCOV] :AT ,ALD\S ,HUXLEY1 9 ,! ,P]5NIAL ,PHILOSOPHY1 REF]S TO AS ! 0HI<E/ COMMON FACTOR0 ( HUMAN CONSCI\SNESS4 

,O!RS MAY CULTIVATE EXQUISITE ES!TIC S5SIBILITIES LIKE ! *>ACT]S 9 ,MURASAKI'S ,TALE ( ,G5JI1 OR DEVELOP ELABORATE METACULTURAL G5RES LIKE ! 0GLASS BEAD GAMES0 9 ,H]MANN ,HESSE'S NOVEL 7FRE$ FROM ! MAT]IAL LIMITS ?AT =M]LY CONF9$ SU* PURSUITS TO N>R[ ELITES74 

,I LIKE TO ?9K ?AT AS !SE DIV]SE PURSUITS >E ALT]NAT$1 COMB9$ & DEVELOP$1 !RE WILL BE A G5]AL T5D5CY T[>D ! P]SONAL RE9TEGRATION 5VISION$ BY ,BLAKE1 & T[>D ! G5U9E 0,I-,?\0 RELATIONS 5VISION$ BY ,M>T9 ,BUB]4 ,A P]MAN5T SPIRITUAL REVOLUTION 9 :I* JOY\S COMMUNION DOES NOT PRECLUDE RI* DIV]SITY & 0G5]\S CONT5TION40 ,LEAVES ( ,GRASS1 ,:ITMAN'S WI%FUL ?9K+ AB\T ! POT5TIALITIES ( ! ,AM]ICA ( HIS DAY1 P]HAPS COMES AS CLOSE AS ANY?+ TO CONVEY+ ! EXPANSIVE /ATE ( M9D ( SU* COMMUNITIES ( FULFILL$ M5 & WOM51 EC/ATICALLY WORK+ & PLAY+1 LOV+ & LOIT]+1 /ROLL+ D[N ! NEV]-5D+ ,OP5 ,ROAD4 

,) ! PROLIF]ATION ( CONT9UALLY DEVELOP+ & MUTAT+ CULTURES1 TRAVEL C\LD ONCE AGA9 BECOME AN UNPR$ICTABLE ADV5TURE4 ,! TRAVEL] C\LD 0SEE ! CITIES & LE>N ! WAYS ( MANY DIFF]5T PEOPLES0 )\T ! DANG]S & DISAPPO9TM5TS FAC$ BY ! W&]]S & EXPLOR]S ( ! PA/4 ,DRIFT+ FROM SC5E TO SC5E1 FROM 5C\NT] TO 5C\NT]2 BUT OCCASIONALLY /OPP+1 LIKE ?OSE B>ELY VISIBLE HUMAN FIGURES 9 ,*9ESE L&SCAPE PA9T+S1 JU/ TO GAZE 9TO ! IMM5SITY1 REALIZ+ ?AT ALL \R DO+S & SAY+S >E JU/ RIPPLES ON ! SURFACE ( A VA/1 UNFA?OMABLE UNIV]SE4 

,!SE >E JU/ A FEW H9TS4 ,WE >5'T LIMIT$ TO RADICAL S\RCES ( 9SPIRATION4 ,ALL SORTS ( CREATIVE SPIRITS ( ! PA/ HAVE MANIFE/$ OR 5VISION$ SOME ( \R ALMO/ UNLIMIT$ POSSIBILITIES4 ,WE CAN DRAW ON ANY ( !M AS LONG AS WE TAKE C>E TO EXTRICATE ! RELEVANT ASPECTS FROM !IR ORIG9AL ALI5AT$ CONTEXT4 

,! GREATE/ WORKS DO NOT SO MU* TELL US SOME?+ NEW AS REM9D US ( ?+S WE HAVE =GOTT54 ,WE ALL HAVE 9TIMATIONS ( :AT LIFE CAN BE LIKE AT ITS RI*E/ -- MEMORIES FROM E>LY *ILDHOOD1 :5 EXP]I5CES W]E /ILL FRE% & UNREPRESS$1 BUT ALSO OCCASIONAL LAT] MOM5TS ( LOVE OR CAM>AD]IE OR 5?USIA/IC CREATIVITY1 TIMES :5 WE CAN'T WAIT TO GET UP 9 ! MORN+ TO CONT9UE SOME PROJECT1 OR SIMPLY TO SEE :AT ! NEW DAY WILL BR+4 ,EXTRAPOLAT+ FROM !SE MOM5TS PROBABLY GIVES ! BE/ IDEA ( :AT ! :OLE WORLD C\LD BE LIKE4 ,A WORLD1 AS ,:ITMAN 5VISIONS IT1 

,:]E ! M5 & WOM5 ?9K LI<TLY ( ! LAWS1 

,:]E ! SLAVE CEASES1 & ! MA/] ( SLAVES CEASES1 

,:]E ! POPULACE RISE AT ONCE AGA9/ ! NEV]-5D+ AUDACITY 

( ELECT$ P]SONS1 444 

,:]E *ILDR5 >E TAU<T TO BE LAWS TO !MSELVES1 & TO DEP5D 

ON !MSELVES1 

,:]E EQUANIMITY IS ILLU/RAT$ 9 AFFAIRS1 

,:]E SPECULATIONS ON ! S\L >E 5C\RAG$1 

,:]E WOM5 WALK 9 PUBLIC PROCESSIONS 9 ! /REETS ! SAME AS 

! M51 

,:]E !Y 5T] ! PUBLIC ASSEMBLY & TAKE PLACES ! SAME AS 

! M5 444 

,! MA9 %APES >ISE6 

,%APES ( ,DEMOCRACY TOTAL1 RESULT ( C5TURIES1 

,%APES EV] PROJECT+ O!R %APES1  

,%APES ( TURBUL5T MANLY CITIES1  

,%APES ( ! FRI5DS & HOME-GIV]S ( ! :OLE E>?1  

,%APES BRAC+ ! E>? & BRAC$ ) ! :OLE E>?4 

  

.<#a.> ,K5 ,KNABB 7$4 & TRANS471 ,SITUATIONI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN?OLOGY 7,BUREAU ( ,PUBLIC ,SECRETS1 #a#i#h#a71 P4 #ha .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION PP4 #a#f-#a#g.> .<,GEOPOLITICS ( ,HIB]NATION.>4 ,H]E & ELSE:]E ,I HAVE SOMETIMES SLI<TLY MODIFI$ MY ORIG9AL ,S,I ,AN?OLOGY TRANSLATIONS4 

.<#b.> ,SEE ,MAURICE ,BR9TON'S ,! ,BOL%EVIKS & ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL3 #a#i#a#g-#a#i#b#a1 ,VOL9E'S ,! ,UNKN[N ,REVOLUTION1 ,IDA ,METT'S ,! ,KRON/ADT ,UPRIS+1 ,PAUL ,AVRI*'S ,KRON/ADT #a#i#b#a1 ,PET] ,>%9OV'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,MOVEM5T1 & ,GUY ,DEBORD'S ,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE 88#i#h-#a#a#c4 7,!SE & MO/ ( ! O!R TEXTS CIT$ 9 ?IS BOOK CAN BE OBTA9$ ?R\< ! DI/RIBUTORS LI/$ AT ! 5D ( ! ,SITUATIONI/ ,BIBLIOGRAPHY47 

.<#c.> 0,! J\RNALI/S' & GOV]NM5TS' SUP]FICIAL REF]5CES TO ! 'SUCCESS' OR 'FAILURE' ( A REVOLUTION MEAN NO?+ = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT S9CE ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS NO REVOLUTION HAS YET SUCCE$$3 NOT ONE HAS ABOLI%$ CLASSES4 ,PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION HAS SO F> NOT BE5 VICTORI\S ANY:]E1 BUT ! PRACTICAL PROCESS ?R\< :I* ITS PROJECT MANIFE/S ITSELF HAS ALREADY CREAT$ AT LEA/ T5 REVOLUTION>Y MOM5TS ( HI/ORIC IMPORTANCE ?AT CAN APPROPRIATELY BE T]M$ REVOLUTIONS4 ,9 NONE ( !SE MOM5TS WAS ! TOTAL CONT5T ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION FULLY DEVELOP$2 BUT 9 EA* CASE !RE WAS A FUNDAM5TAL 9T]RUPTION ( ! RUL+ SOCIOECONOMIC ORD] & ! APPE>ANCE ( NEW =MS & CONCEPTIONS ( REAL LIFE3 V>IEGAT$ PH5OM5A ?AT CAN BE UND]/OOD & EVALUAT$ ONLY 9 !IR OV]ALL SIGNIFICANCE1 9CLUD+ !IR POT5TIAL FUTURE SIGNIFICANCE444 ,! REVOLUTION ( #aie DID NOT BR+ D[N ! ,CZ>I/ REGIME1 IT ONLY OBTA9$ A FEW TEMPOR>Y CONCESSIONS FROM IT4 ,! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION ( #aicf DID NOT =MALLY SUPPRESS ! EXI/+ POLITICAL P[]3 IT >OSE1 9 FACT1 \T ( A PROLET>IAN UPRIS+ 9ITIAT$ 9 ORD] TO DEF5D ?AT ,REPUBLIC AGA9/ ,FRANCO4 ,& ! ,HUNG>IAN REVOLUTION ( #aief DID NOT ABOLI% ,NAGY'S LIB]AL-BUREAUCRATIC GOV]NM5T4 ,AMONG O!R REGRETTABLE LIMITATIONS1 ! ,HUNG>IAN MOVEM5T HAD MANY ASPECTS ( A NATIONAL UPRIS+ AGA9/ =EIGN DOM9ATION2 & ?IS NATIONAL-RESI/ANCE ASPECT ALSO PLAY$ A C]TA91 ?\< LESS IMPORTANT1 ROLE 9 ! ORIG9 ( ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE4 ,! ,COMMUNE SUPPLANT$ ,?I]S'S P[] ONLY )9 ! LIMITS ( ,P>IS4 ,& ! ,/4 ,PET]SBURG ,SOVIET ( #aie NEV] EV5 TOOK CONTROL ( ! CAPITAL4 ,ALL ! CRISES CIT$ H]E AS EXAMPLES1 ?\< DEFICI5T 9 !IR PRACTICAL A*IEVEM5TS & EV5 9 !IR P]SPECTIVES1 NEV]!LESS PRODUC$ 5\< RADICAL 9NOVATIONS & PUT !IR SOCIETIES SEV]ELY 5\< 9 *ECK TO BE LEGITIMATELY T]M$ REVOLUTIONS40 7,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 PP4 #b#c#e-#b#c#f .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION PP4 #c#a-#c#b.> .<,BEG9N+ ( AN ,]A.>47 

.<#d.> 0,WE'RE NOT 9T]E/$ 9 HE>+ AB\T ! EXPLOIT]S' ECONOMIC PROBLEMS4 ,IF ! CAPITALI/ ECONOMY IS NOT CAPABLE ( FULFILL+ WORK]S' DEM&S1 ?AT IS SIMPLY ONE MORE REASON TO /RUGGLE = A NEW SOCIETY1 ONE 9 :I* WE \RSELVES HAVE ! DECISIONMAK+ P[] OV] ! :OLE ECONOMY & ALL SOCIAL LIFE40 7,PORTUGUESE AIRL9E WORK]S1 #bg ,OCTOB] #a#i#g#d47 

.<#e.> ,! ,S,I'S DISSEM9ATION ( A TEXT D5\NC+ AN 9T]NATIONAL GA!R+ ( >T CRITICS 9 ,BELGIUM WAS A F9E EXAMPLE ( ?IS3 0,COPIES W]E MAIL$ TO A L>GE NUMB] ( CRITICS OR GIV5 TO !M P]SONALLY4 ,O!RS W]E TELEPHON$ & READ ALL OR P>T ( ! TEXT4 ,A GR\P =C$ ITS WAY 9TO ! ,PRESS ,CLUB :]E ! CRITICS W]E BE+ RECEIV$ & ?REW ! LEAFLETS AMONG ! AUDI5CE4 ,O!RS W]E TOSS$ ONTO ! SIDEWALKS FROM UP/AIRS W9D[S OR FROM A C>444 ,9 %ORT1 ALL /EPS W]E TAK5 TO LEAVE ! CRITICS NO *ANCE ( BE+ UNAW>E ( ! TEXT40 7,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 P4 #di .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION PP4 #f-#f#a.> .<,ACTION 9 ,BELGIUM.>47 

.<#f.> 0,! ABS5CE ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ,EUROPE HAS R$UC$ ! ,LEFT TO ITS SIMPLE/ EXPRESSION3 A MASS ( SPECTATORS :O SWOON ) RAPTURE EA* TIME ! EXPLOIT$ 9 ! COLONIES TAKE UP >MS AGA9/ !IR MA/]S1 & :O CANNOT HELP SEE+ !SE UPRIS+S AS ! EPITOME ( ,REVOLUTION444 ,:]EV] !RE IS A CONFLICT !Y ALWAYS SEE ,GOOD FI<T+ ,EVIL1 'TOTAL REVOLUTION' V]SUS 'TOTAL REACTION4' 444 ,REVOLUTION>Y CRITICISM BEG9S BEYOND GOOD & EVIL2 IT IS ROOT$ 9 HI/ORY & OP]ATES ON ! TOTALITY ( ! EXI/+ WORLD4 ,9 NO CASE CAN IT APPLAUD A BELLIG]5T /ATE OR SUPPORT ! BUREAUCRACY ( AN EXPLOITIVE /ATE 9 ! PROCESS ( =MATION444 ,IT IS OBVI\SLY IMPOSSIBLE AT PRES5T TO SEEK A REVOLUTION>Y SOLUTION TO ! ,VIETNAM W>4 ,IT IS FIR/ ( ALL NECESS>Y TO PUT AN 5D TO ! ,AM]ICAN AGGRESSION 9 ORD] TO ALL[ ! REAL SOCIAL /RUGGLE 9 ,VIETNAM TO DEVELOP 9 A NATURAL WAY2 I4E4 TO ALL[ ! ,VIETNAMESE WORK]S & PEASANTS TO R$ISCOV] !IR 5EMIES AT HOME3 ! BUREAUCRACY ( ! ,NOR? & ! PROP]TI$ & RUL+ /RATA ( ! ,S\?4 ,ONCE ! ,AM]ICANS )DRAW1 ! ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACY WILL SEIZE CONTROL ( ! :OLE C\NTRY -- !RE'S NO GETT+ >\ND ?IS444 ,! PO9T IS NOT TO GIVE UNCONDITIONAL 7OR EV5 CONDITIONAL7 SUPPORT TO ! ,VIETCONG1 BUT TO /RUGGLE CONSI/5TLY & UNCOMPROMIS+LY AGA9/ ,AM]ICAN IMP]IALISM40 7,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 PP4 #a#i#e-#a#i#f1 #bc .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION PP4 #b#e#b-#b#e#c1 #b#f#b.> .<,TWO ,LOCAL ,W>S.>47 

.<#g.> 0,9 ITS MY/IFI$ =M1 DIALECTICS BECAME ! FA%ION 9 ,G]MANY BECAUSE IT SEEM$ TO TRANSFIGURE & GLORIFY ! EXI/+ /ATE ( ?+S4 ,9 ITS RATIONAL =M IT IS A SC&AL & ABOM9ATION TO B\RGEOIS SOCIETY & ITS DOCTR9AIRE PR(ESSORS1 BECAUSE 9 COMPREH5D+ ! EXI/+ /ATE ( ?+S IT SIMULTANE\SLY RECOGNIZES ! NEGATION ( ?AT /ATE1 ITS 9EVITABLE BREAK+ UP2 BECAUSE IT SEES ! FLUID MOVEM5T ( EV]Y HI/ORICALLY DEVELOP$ SOCIAL =M1 & !RE=E TAKES 9TO ACC\NT ITS TRANSI5CE AS WELL AS ITS MOM5T>Y EXI/5CE2 BECAUSE IT LETS NO?+ IMPOSE ON IT1 & IS 9 ITS ESS5CE CRITICAL & REVOLUTION>Y40 7,M>X1 ,CAPITAL47   
  ,! SPLIT BETWE5 ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM CRIPPL$ BO? SIDES4 ,! AN>*I/S RI<TLY CRITICIZ$ ! AU?ORIT>IAN & N>R[LY ECONOMI/IC T5D5CIES 9 ,M>XISM1 BUT !Y G5]ALLY DID SO 9 AN UNDIALECTICAL1 MORALI/IC1 AHI/ORICAL MANN]1 CONTRAPOS+ V>I\S ABSOLUTE DUALISMS 7,FRE$OM V]SUS ,AU?ORITY1 ,9DIVIDUALISM V]SUS ,COLLECTIVISM1 ,C5TRALIZATION V]SUS ,DEC5TRALIZATION1 ETC47 & LEAV+ ,M>X & A FEW ( ! MORE RADICAL ,M>XI/S ) A VIRTUAL MONOPOLY ON COH]5T DIALECTICAL ANALYSIS -- UNTIL ! SITUATIONI/S F9ALLY BR\<T ! LIB]T>IAN & DIALECTICAL ASPECTS BACK TOGE!R AGA94 ,ON ! M]ITS & FLAWS ( ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM SEE ,! ,SOCIETY ( ! ,SPECTACLE 88#g#h-#i#d4 

.<#h.> 0,:AT SURFAC$ ?IS SPR+ 9 ,ZURI* AS A DEMON/RATION AGA9/ ! CLOS+ ( A Y\? C5T] HAS CREPT ACROSS ,SWITZ]L&1 FE$+ ON ! RE/LESSNESS ( A Y\NG G5]ATION ANXI\S TO BREAK \T ( :AT !Y SEE AS A SUFFOCAT+ SOCIETY4 ',WE DON'T WANT A WORLD :]E ! GU>ANTEE ( NOT DY+ ( HUNG] IS PAID = BY ! C]TA9TY ( DY+ ( BOR$OM1' PROCLAIM BANN]S & SPRAY-PA9T$ /OREFRONTS 9 ,LAUSANNE40 7,*RI/IAN ,SCI5CE ,MONITOR1 #bh ,OCTOB] #a#i#h47 ,! SLOGAN IS FROM ,VANEIGEM'S ,! ,REVOLUTION ( ,EV]YDAY ,LIFE4 

.<#i.> ,= SOME HIL>I\S EXAMPLES SEE ,H5RY ,BE>D & ,*RI/OPH] ,C]F'S ,! ,(FICIAL ,POLITICALLY ,CORRECT ,DICTION>Y & ,H&BOOK 7,VILL>D1 #a#i#i#b73 IT'S (T5 H>D TO TELL :I* ( ! ,CORRECTSPEAK T]MS >E SATIRICAL & :I* HAVE ACTUALLY BE5 S]I\SLY PROPOS$ OR EV5 (FICIALLY ADOPT$ & 5=C$4 ,! ONLY ANTIDOTE TO SU* DELIRIUM IS A LOT ( HEAL?Y GUFFAWS4 

.<#a.> ,ON ! ,CULTURAL ,REVOLUTION1 SEE ,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 PP4 #a#h#e-#a#i#d .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION PP4 #b#d-#b#e#a.> .<,! ,EXPLOSION ,PO9T ( ,IDEOLOGY 9 ,*9A.>1 & ,SIMON ,LEYS'S ,! ,*AIRMAN'S ,NEW ,CLO!S4 

.<#a#a.> 0,AS ,%IITES & ,KURDS BATTLE ! REGIME ( ,SADDAM ,HUSSE9 & ,IRAQI OPPOSITION P>TIES TRY TO PAT* TOGE!R A DEMOCRATIC FUTURE1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES F9DS ITSELF 9 ! AWKW>D POSITION (1 9 EFFECT1 SUPPORT+ CONT9U+ ONE-P>TY RULE 9 ,IRAQ4 ,U,S GOV]NM5T /ATEM5TS1 9CLUD+ ?OSE ( ,PRESID5T ,BU%1 HAVE /RESS$ ! DESIRE TO SEE ,SADDAM ,HUSSE9 OV]?R[N1 BUT NOT TO SEE ,IRAQ BROK5 AP>T BY CIVIL /RIFE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ,BU% ADM9I/RATION (FICIALS HAVE 9SI/$ ?AT DEMOCRACY IS NOT CURR5TLY A VIABLE ALT]NATIVE = ,IRAQ444 ,?IS MAY ACC\NT = ! FACT ?AT ?US F>1 ! ADM9I/RATION HAS REFUS$ TO MEET ) ,IRAQI OPPOSITION LEAD]S 9 EXILE 444 ',! ,>ABS & ! ,U,S HAVE ! SAME AG5DA1' SAYS A COALITION DIPLOMAT4 ',WE WANT ,IRAQ 9 ! SAME BORD]S & ,SADDAM TO DISAPPE>4 ,BUT WE WILL ACCEPT ,SADDAM 9 ,BA<DAD 9 ORD] TO HAVE ,IRAQ AS ONE /ATE4'0 7,*RI/IAN ,SCI5CE ,MONITOR1 #b ,M>* #a#i#i#a47 

.<#a#b.> 0,I AM FLABB]GA/$ AT ! MEMORY PEOPLE RETA9 ( !IR [N REVOLUTION>Y PA/4 ,PRES5T EV5TS HAVE %AK5 ?AT MEMORY4 ,DATES NEV] LE>N$ AT S*OOL1 SONGS NEV] SUNG OP5LY1 >E RECALL$ 9 !IR TOTALITY444 ,! NOISE1 ! NOISE1 ! NOISE IS /ILL R++ 9 MY E>S4 ,! HORNS TOOT+ 9 JOY1 ! %\T+1 ! SLOGANS1 ! S++ & DANC+4 ,! DOORS ( REVOLUTION SEEM OP5 AGA91 AFT] =TY-EI<T YE>S ( REPRESSION4 ,9 ?AT S+LE DAY EV]Y?+ WAS REPLAC$ 9 P]SPECTIVE4 ,NO?+ WAS GOD-GIV51 ALL WAS MAN-MADE4 ,PEOPLE C\LD SEE !IR MIS]Y & !IR PROBLEMS 9 A HI/ORICAL SETT+444 ,A WEEK HAS PASS$1 AL?\< IT ALREADY FEELS LIKE MANY MON?S4 ,EV]Y H\R HAS BE5 LIV$ TO ! FULL4 ,IT IS ALREADY DIFFICULT TO REMEMB] :AT ! PAP]S LOOK$ LIKE BE=E1 OR :AT PEOPLE HAD !N SAID4 ,HADN'T !RE ALWAYS BE5 A REVOLUTION80 7,PHIL ,MAIL]1 ,PORTUGAL3 ,! ,IMPOSSIBLE ,REVOLUTION87 

.<#a#c.> ,ONE ( ! MO/ P[]FUL MOM5TS WAS :5 ! SITD[N]S >\ND ! POLICE C> AV]T$ A POT5TIALLY VIOL5T CONFRONTATION ) A MOB ( FRAT]NITY HECKL]S BY REMA9+ TOTALLY SIL5T = HALF AN H\R4 ,) ! W9D TAK5 \T ( !IR SAILS1 ! HECKL]S BECAME BOR$ & EMB>RASS$1 & EV5TUALLY DISP]S$4 ,SU* COLLECTIVE SIL5CE HAS ! ADVANTAGE ( DISSOLV+ COMPULSIVE REACTIONS ON BO? SIDES2 YET BECAUSE IT IS NONSPECIFIC IT DOES ?IS )\T ! DUBI\S CONT5T ( MANY SLOGANS & SONGS4 7,S++ 0,WE ,%ALL ,OV]COME0 HAS ALSO S]V$ TO CALM PEOPLE 9 DIFFICULT SITUATIONS1 BUT AT ! CO/ ( S5TIM5TALIZ+ REALITY47   
 ,! BE/ ACC\NT ( ! ,F,S,M IS ,DAVID ,LANCE ,GO9ES'S ,! ,FREE ,SPEE* ,MOVEM5T 7,T5 ,SPE$ ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#c74 

.<#a#d.> ,ON ,MAY #aifh SEE ,S,I ,AN?OLOGY1 PP4 #b#b#e-#b#e#f1 #c#d#c-#c#e#b .<,REVIS$ ,$ITION PP4 #b#h#h-#c#b#e1 #d#c#e-#d#e#g.> .<,! ,BEG9N+ ( AN ,]A & ,MAY #aifh ,DOCUM5TS.>1 & ,]NE ,VI5ET'S ,5RAGES & ,SITUATIONI/S 9 ! ,OCCUPATION ,MOVEM5T4 ,ALSO RECOMM5D$ IS ,ROG] ,GREGOIRE & ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN'S ,WORK]-,/UD5T ,ACTION ,COMMITTEES1 ,FRANCE ,MAY '#f#h 7,BLACK & ,R$1 #a#i#f#i74 

.<#a#e.> 0,LABOR WILL NOT ONLY ,%,U,T ,D,[,N ! 9DU/RIES1 BUT ,LABOR WILL ,R,E,O,P,51 UND] ! MANAGEM5T ( ! APPROPRIATE TRADES1 SU* ACTIVITIES AS >E NE$$ TO PRES]VE PUBLIC HEAL? & PUBLIC PEACE4 ,IF ! /RIKE CONT9UES1 ,LABOR MAY FEEL L$ TO AVOID PUBLIC SUFF]+ BY REOP5+ MORE & MORE ACTIVITIES4 ,U,N,D,] ,I,T,S ,[,N ,M,A,N,A,G,E,M,5,T4 ,& ?AT IS :Y WE SAY ?AT WE >E />T+ ON A ROAD ?AT LEADS -- ,N,O ,O,N,E ,K,N,[,S ,:,],E60 7,ANN\NCEM5T ON ! EVE ( ! #aiai ,SEATTLE G5]AL /RIKE47 ,SEE ,J]EMY ,BRE*]'S ,/RIKE6 7,S\? ,5D1 #a#i#g#b71 PP4 #a#a-#a#a#d4 ,MORE EXT5SIVE ACC\NTS >E 9CLUD$ 9 ,ROOT & ,BRAN*3 ,! ,RISE ( ! ,WORK]S' ,MOVEM5TS & 9 ,H>VEY ,O',CONNOR'S ,REVOLUTION 9 ,SEATTLE1 BO? CURR5TLY \T ( PR9T4 

.<#a#f.> ,RA\L ,VANEIGEM 7:O 9CID5TALLY WROTE A GOOD BRIEF CRITICAL HI/ORY ( SURREALISM7 REPRES5T$ ! CLE>E/ EXPRESSION ( BO? ASPECTS4 ,HIS LITTLE BOOK ,DE LA GREVE SAUVAGE A L'AUTOGE/ION G5]ALISEE 7LIT]ALLY 0,FROM ,WILDCAT ,/RIKE TO ,G5]ALIZ$ ,SELF-,MANAGEM5T10 BUT P>TIALLY TRANSLAT$ AS ,CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,/RUGGLE7 USEFULLY RECAPITULATES A NUMB] ( BASIC TACTICS DUR+ WILDCAT /RIKES & O!R RADICAL SITUATIONS AS WELL AS V>I\S POSSIBILITIES ( PO/REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,UN=TUNATELY IT IS ALSO PADD$ ) ! 9FLAT$ V]BIAGE *>ACT]I/IC ( ,VANEIGEM'S PO/-,S,I WRIT+S1 ATTRIBUT+ TO WORK] /RUGGLES A ,VANEIGEMI/ CONT5T ?AT IS NEI!R JU/IFI$ NOR NECESS>Y4 ,! RADICAL-SUBJECTIVITY ASPECT WAS RIGIDIFI$ 9TO A T$I\SLY REPEAT$ IDEOLOGY ( H$ONISM 9 ,VANEIGEM'S LAT] BOOKS 7,! ,BOOK ( ,PLEASURES1 ETC471 :I* READ LIKE COTTON-C&Y P>ODIES ( ! IDEAS HE DEALT ) SO TR5*ANTLY 9 HIS E>LI] WORKS4 

.<#a#g.> 0,ONE DAY 9TO ?IS ?+1 & ,I'M TIR$1 BUT COMP>$ TO ! POSITIVE S5SATIONS ?AT >E PASS+ ?R\< ?IS PLACE1 FATIGUE DOESN'T /& A *ANCE444 ,:O WILL EV] =GET ! LOOK ON MANAGEM5T'S FACES :5 WE TELL !M WE >E N[ 9 CONTROL1 & !IR S]VICES >E OBVI\SLY NO LONG] NE$$444 ,EV]Y?+ AS NORMAL1 EXCEPT WE DON'T COLLECT PHONE BILLS444 ,WE'RE ALSO MAK+ FRI5DS FROM O!R DEP>TM5TS4 ,GUYS FROM D[N/AIRS >E COM+ UP TO HELP \T & LE>N \R JOBS444 ,WE'RE ALL FLY+444 ,SAIL+ ON PURE ADR5AL94 ,IT'S LIKE WE [N ! BLOODY ?+444 ,! SIGNS ON ! FRONT DOOR SAY1 ,C,O-,O,P ,T,E,L3 ,U,N,D,] ,N,E,W ,M,A,N,A,G,E,M,5,T -- ,N,O ,M,A,N,A,G,E,M,5,T ,A,L,L,[,$40 7,ROSA ,COLLETTE1 0,OP]ATORS ,DIAL ,DIRECT ,ACTION10 ,OP5 ,ROAD1 ,VANC\V]1 ,SPR+ #a#i#h#a47 

.<#a#h.> 0,A ,S\? ,AFRICAN COMPANY IS SELL+ AN ANTI-RIOT VEHICLE ?AT PLAYS DISCO MUSIC ?R\< A L\DSPEAK] TO SOO! ! N]VES ( W\LD-BE TR\BLEMAK]S4 ,! VEHICLE1 ALREADY B\<T BY ONE BLACK NATION1 :I* ! COMPANY DID NOT ID5TIFY1 ALSO C>RIES A WAT] CANNON & TE> GAS40 7,A,P1 #bc ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#g#i47 

.<#a#i.> ,IF ?IS QUE/ION HAD BE5 OP5LY POS$ TO ! ,SPANI% WORK]S 7:O HAD ALREADY BYPASS$ ! VACILLAT+ ,POPUL> ,FRONT GOV]NM5T BY SEIZ+ >MS & RESI/+ ! FASCI/ C\P BY !MSELVES1 & 9 ! PROCESS LAUN*$ ! REVOLUTION7 !Y W\LD PROBABLY HAVE AGRE$ TO GRANT ,MOROCCAN 9DEP5D5CE4 ,BUT ONCE !Y W]E SWAY$ BY POLITICAL LEAD]S -- 9CLUD+ EV5 MANY AN>*I/ LEAD]S -- 9TO TOL]AT+ ?AT GOV]NM5T 9 ! NAME ( ANTIFASCI/ UNITY1 !Y W]E KEPT UNAW>E ( SU* ISSUES4   
  ,! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION REMA9S ! S+LE RI*E/ REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CE 9 HI/ORY1 ?\< IT WAS COMPLICAT$ & OBSCUR$ BY ! SIMULTANE\S CIVIL W> AGA9/ ,FRANCO & BY ! %>P CONTRADICTIONS )9 ! ANTIFASCI/ CAMP -- :I*1 BESIDES TWO OR ?REE MILLION AN>*I/S & AN>*OSYNDICALI/S & A CONSID]ABLY SMALL] CONT+5T ( REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/S 7! ,P,\,M71 9CLUD$ B\RGEOIS REPUBLICANS1 E?NIC AUTONOMI/S1 SOCIALI/S & ,/AL9I/S1 ) ! LATT] 9 P>TICUL> DO+ EV]Y?+ 9 !IR P[] TO REPRESS ! REVOLUTION4 ,! BE/ COMPREH5SIVE HI/ORIES >E ,PI]RE ,BR\E & ,EMILE ,TEMIME'S ,REVOLUTION & ! ,W> 9 ,SPA9 & ,BURNETT ,BOLLOT5'S ,! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 7! LATT] IS ALSO SUB/ANTIALLY 9CORPORAT$ 9 ,BOLLOT5'S MONUM5TAL F9AL WORK1 ,! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>74 ,SOME GOOD FIR/-H& ACC\NTS >E ,GEORGE ,ORWELL'S ,HOMAGE TO ,CATALONIA1 ,FRANZ ,BORK5AU'S ,! ,SPANI% ,COCKPIT1 & ,M>Y ,L[ & ,JUAN ,BREA'S ,R$ ,SPANI% ,NOTEBOOK4 ,O!R BOOKS WOR? READ+ 9CLUDE ,V]NON ,RI*>DS'S ,LESSONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION1 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S ,TO ,REMEMB] ,SPA91 ,G]ALD ,BR5AN'S ,! ,SPANI% ,LABYR9?1 ,SAM ,DOLG(F'S ,! ,AN>*I/ ,COLLECTIVES1 ,ABEL ,PAZ'S ,DURRUTI3 ,! ,PEOPLE ,>M$1 & ,VICTOR ,ALBA & ,/EPH5 ,S*W>TZ'S ,SPANI% ,M>XISM V]SUS ,SOVIET ,COMMUNISM3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ! ,P4,O4,U4,M4 

.<#b.> ,P4,M4'S ,BOLO'BOLO 7#a#i#h#c2 NEW $ITION3 ,SEMIOTEXT7E71 #a#i#i#e7 HAS ! M]IT ( BE+ ONE ( ! FEW UTOPIAS ?AT FULLY RECOGNIZE & WELCOME ?IS DIV]SITY4 ,LEAV+ ASIDE ITS FLIPPANCIES & IDIOSYNCRASIES & ITS RA!R UNREALI/IC NOTIONS AB\T H[ WE MI<T GET !RE1 IT T\*ES ON A LOT ( ! BASIC PROBLEMS & POSSIBILITIES ( A PO/REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY4 

.<#b#a.> ,AL?\< ! SO-CALL$ NETWORK+ REVOLUTION HAS SO F> BE5 LIMIT$ MA9LY TO 9CREAS$ CIRCULATION ( SPECTATOR TRIVIA1 MOD]N COMMUNICATIONS TE*NOLOGIES CONT9UE TO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 UND]M9+ TOTALIT>IAN REGIMES4 ,YE>S AGO ! ,/AL9I/ BUREAUCRACIES HAD TO CRIPPLE !IR [N FUNCTION+ BY RE/RICT+ ! AVAILABILITY ( PHOTOCOPY MA*9ES & EV5 TYPEWRIT]S LE/ !Y BE US$ TO REPRODUCE SAMIZDAT WRIT+S4 ,! NEW] TE*NOLOGIES >E PROV+ EV5 MORE DIFFICULT TO CONTROL3   
  0,! CONS]VATIVE ,GUANGM+ ,DAILY REPORT$ NEW 5=CEM5T MEASURES T>GET$ AT AN E/IMAT$ #i1 ILLEGAL FAX MA*9ES 9 ,BEIJ+4 ,*9ESE ANALY/S SAY ! REGIME FE>S ?AT ! PROLIF]ATION ( FAX MA*9ES IS ALL[+ 9=MATION TO FL[ TOO FREELY4 ,SU* MA*9ES W]E US$ EXT5SIVELY DUR+ /UD5T DEMON/RATIONS 9 #aihi ?AT RESULT$ 9 A MILIT>Y CRACKD[N444 ,9 ! COM=T ( !IR [N HOMES 9 ,WE/]N CAPITALS1 SU* AS ,LONDON1 OPPOSITIONI/S CAN TAP \T MESSAGES TO ACTIVI/S 9 ,SAUDI ,>ABIA :O1 BY D[NLOAD+ VIA ,9T]NET 9 !IR [N HOMES1 NO LONG] HAVE TO FE> A KNOCK ON ! DOOR 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! NI<T444 ,EV]Y TABOO SUBJECT FROM POLITICS TO PORNOGRAPHY IS SPREAD+ ?R\< ANONYM\S ELECTRONIC MESSAGES F> BEYOND ! GOV]NM5T'S IRON GRIP444 ,MANY ,SAUDIS F9D !MSELVES DISCUSS+ RELIGION OP5LY = ! FIR/ TIME4 ,A!I/S & FUNDAM5TALI/S REGUL>LY SLUG IT \T 9 ,SAUDI CYB]SPACE1 A NOVELTY 9 A C\NTRY :]E ! PUNI%M5T = APO/ASY IS DEA?444 ,BUT BANN+ ! ,9T]NET IS NOT POSSIBLE )\T REMOV+ ALL COMPUT]S & TELEPHONE L9ES444 ,EXP]TS CLAIM ?AT = ?OSE WILL+ TO WORK H>D 5\< TO GET IT1 !RE IS /ILL LITTLE ANY GOV]NM5T CAN DO TO TOTALLY D5Y ACCESS TO 9=MATION ON ! ,9T]NET4 ,5CRYPT$ E-MAIL & SUBSCRIB+ TO \T-(-C\NTRY S]VICE PROVID]S >E TWO OPTIONS AVAILABLE TO NET-SAVVY 9DIVIDUALS = CIRCUMV5T+ CURR5T ,9T]NET CONTROLS444 ,IF !RE IS ONE ?+ REPRESSIVE ,EA/ ,ASIAN GOV]NM5TS FE> MORE ?AN UNRE/RICT$ ACCESS TO \TSIDE M$IA S\RCES1 IT IS ?AT !IR NATIONS' COMPETITIV5ESS 9 ! RAPIDLY GR[+ 9=MATION 9DU/RY MAY BE COMPROMIS$4 ,ALREADY1 PROTE/S HAVE BE5 VOIC$ 9 ! BUS9ESS COMMUNITIES ( ,S+APORE1 ,MALAYSIA1 & ,*9A ?AT C5SOR+ ! ,9T]NET MAY1 9 ! 5D1 HAMP] ?OSE NATIONS' ASPIRATIONS TO BE ! MO/ TE*NOLOGICALLY ADVANC$ ON ! BLOCK40 7,*RI/IAN ,SCI5CE ,MONITOR1 #aa ,AUGU/ #a#i#i#c1 #bd ,AUGU/ #aiie & #ab ,NOVEMB] #a#i#i#f47 

.<#b#b.> 0,9 ! PO/-,COLD ,W> ]A POLITICIANS HAVE DISCOV]$ CRIME-BAIT+ AS A SUB/ITUTE = R$-BAIT+4 ,JU/ AS ! FE> ( COMMUNISM PROPELL$ ! UNIMP$$ EXPANSION ( ! MILIT>Y-9DU/RIAL COMPLEX1 CRIME-BAIT+ HAS PRODUC$ ! EXPLOSIVE GR[? ( ! CORRECTIONAL-9DU/RIAL COMPLEX1 ALSO KN[N AS ! CRIME-CONTROL 9DU/RY4 ,?OSE :O DISAGREE ) ITS AG5DA ( MORE PRISONS >E BR&$ CRIM9AL SYMPA?IZ]S & VICTIM BETRAY]S4 ,S9CE NO POLITICIAN WILL RISK ! 'S(T ON CRIME' LABEL1 AN UN5D+ SPIRAL ( DE/RUCTIVE POLICIES IS SWEEP+ ! C\NTRY444 ,REPRESSION & BRUTALIZATION WILL BE FUR!R PROMOT$ BY ! 9/ITUTIONS ?AT >E ! PRIM>Y B5EFICI>IES ( SU* POLICIES4 ,AS ,CALI=NIA 9CREAS$ ITS PRISON POPULATION FROM #a#i1 TO #a#b#d1 OV] ! PA/ #af YE>S1 #ai NEW PRISONS W]E BUILT4 ,) ! 9CREASE 9 PRISONS1 ! ,CALI=NIA ,CORRECTIONAL ,PEACE ,(FIC]S ,ASSOCIATION 7,C,C,P,O,A71 ! GU>DS' UNION1 EM]G$ AS ! /ATE'S MO/ P[]FUL LOBBY444 ,AS ! P]C5TAGE ( ! /ATE BUDGET DEVOT$ TO HI<] $UCATION HAS FALL5 FROM #a#d4#d P]C5T TO #i4#h P]C5T1 ! %>E ( ! BUDGET = CORRECTIONS HAS RIS5 FROM #c4#i P]C5T TO #i4#h P]C5T4 ,! AV]AGE SAL>Y & B5EFITS = PRISON GU>DS 9 ,CALI=NIA EXCE$S @s#e#e1 -- ! HI<E/ 9 ! NATION4 ,?IS YE> ! ,C,C,P,O,A1 ALONG ) ! ,NATIONAL ,RIFLE ,ASSOCIATION1 HAS DIRECT$ ITS SUB/ANTIAL W> *E/ TO PROMOTE ! PASSAGE ( ! '?REE /RIKES1 Y\'RE \T' 9ITIATIVE ?AT W\LD TRIPLE ! CURR5T SIZE ( ,CALI=NIA'S PRISON SY/EM4 ,! SAME DYNAMICS ?AT EVOLV$ 9 ,CALI=NIA WILL C]TA9LY RESULT FROM ,CL9TON'S CRIME BILL4 ,AS MORE RES\RCES >E P\R$ 9TO ! CRIME-CONTROL 9DU/RY1 ITS P[] & 9FLU5CE WILL GR[40 7,DAN ,MACALLAIR1 ,*RI/IAN ,SCI5CE ,MONITOR1 #b ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#i#d47 

.<#b#c.> ,O!R POSSIBILITIES >E PRES5T$ 9 CONSID]ABLE DETAIL 9 ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS & ! ,ECONOMICS ( A ,SELF-,MANAG$ ,SOCIETY 7,LONDON ,SOLID>ITY'S $ITION ( A ,SOCIALISME \ ,B>B>IE >TICLE BY ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS74 ,?IS TEXT IS FULL ( VALUABLE SUGGE/IONS1 BUT ,I FEEL ?AT IT ASSUMES MORE C5T]+ >\ND WORK & WORKPLACE ?AN WILL BE NECESS>Y4 ,SU* AN ORI5TATION IS ALREADY SOME:AT OBSOLETE & WILL PROBABLY BECOME MU* MORE SO AFT] A REVOLUTION4  
 ,MI*AEL ,ALB]T & ,ROB9 ,HAHNEL'S ,LOOK+ ,=W>D3 ,P>TICIPATORY ,ECONOMICS = ! ,TW5TY ,FIR/ ,C5TURY 7,S\? ,5D1 #a#i#i#a7 ALSO 9CLUDES A NUMB] ( USEFUL PO9TS ON SELF-MANAG$ ORGANIZATION4 ,BUT ! AU?ORS ASSUME A SOCIETY 9 :I* !RE IS /ILL A MONEY ECONOMY & ! WORKWEEK IS ONLY SLI<TLY R$UC$ 7TO >\ND #c H\RS74 ,!IR HYPO!TICAL EXAMPLES >E L>GELY MODEL$ ON PRES5T-DAY WORK] CO-OPS & ! 0ECONOMIC P>TICIPATION0 5VISAG$ 9CLUDES VOT+ ON M>KET+ ISSUES ?AT WILL BE SUP]S$$ 9 A NONCAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,AS WE WILL SEE1 SU* A SOCIETY WILL ALSO HAVE A F> %ORT] WORKWEEK1 R$UC+ ! NE$ TO BO!R ) ! COMPLICAT$ S*EMES = EQUAL ROTATION AMONG DIFF]5T TYPES ( JOBS ?AT OCCUPY A L>GE P>T ( ! BOOK4 

.<#b#d.> ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN1 AU?OR ( ONE ( ! MO/ SWEEP+ EXPRESSIONS ( ?IS T5D5CY1 ,AGA9/ ,HIS-/ORY1 ,AGA9/ ,LEVIA?AN6 7,BLACK & ,R$1 #a#i#h#c71 PROVID$ HIS [N BE/ CRITIQUE 9 HIS E>LI] BOOK AB\T ,C4 ,WRI<T ,MILLS1 ,! ,9COH]5CE ( ! ,9TELLECTUAL 7,BLACK & ,R$1 #a#i#g73 0,YET EV5 ?\< ,MILLS REJECTS ! PASSIVITY ) :I* M5 ACCEPT !IR [N FRAGM5TATION1 HE NO LONG] /RUGGLES AGA9/ IT4 ,! COH]5T SELF-DET]M9$ MAN BECOMES AN EXOTIC CREATURE :O LIV$ 9 A DI/ANT PA/ & 9 EXTREMELY DIFF]5T MAT]IAL CIRCUM/ANCES444 ,! MA9 DRIFT IS NO LONG] ! PROGRAM ( ! RI<T :I* CAN BE OPPOS$ BY ! PROGRAM ( ! LEFT2 IT IS N[ AN EXT]NAL SPECTACLE :I* FOLL[S ITS C\RSE LIKE A DISEASE444 ,! RIFT BETWE5 !ORY & PRACTICE1 ?\<T & ACTION1 WID5S2 POLITICAL IDEALS CAN NO LONG] BE TRANSLAT$ 9TO PRACTICAL PROJECTS40 

.<#b#e.> ,ISAAC ,ASIMOV & ,FR$]ICK ,POHL'S ,\R ,ANGRY ,E>?3 ,A ,TICK+ ,ECOLOGICAL ,BOMB 7,TOR1 #a#i#i#a7 IS AMONG ! MORE COG5T SUMM>IES ( ?IS DESP]ATE SITUATION4 ,AFT] DEMON/RAT+ H[ 9ADEQUATE CURR5T POLICIES >E = DEAL+ ) IT1 ! AU?ORS PROPOSE SOME DRA/IC RE=MS ?AT MI<T PO/PONE ! WOR/ CATA/ROPHES2 BUT SU* RE=MS >E UNLIKELY TO BE IMPLEM5T$ AS LONG AS ! WORLD IS DOM9AT$ BY ! CONFLICT+ 9T]E/S ( NATION-/ATES & MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS4 

.<#b#f.> ,= A WEAL? ( SUGGE/IVE 9SI<TS ON ! ADVANTAGES & DRAWBACKS ( DIFF]5T TYPES ( URBAN COMMUNITIES1 PA/1 PRES5T & POT5TIAL1 ,I RECOMM5D TWO BOOKS3 ,PAUL & ,P]CIVAL ,GOODMAN'S ,COMMUNITAS & ,LEWIS ,MUM=D'S ,! ,CITY 9 ,HI/ORY4 ,! LATT] IS ONE ( ! MO/ P5ETRAT+ & COMPREH5SIVE SURVEYS ( HUMAN SOCIETY EV] WRITT54 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiif 3 ,! ,JOY ( ,REVOLUTION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #b#b1 #bb 3 ,! ,JOY ( ,REVOLUTION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,JOY ( ,REVOLUTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

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