,! ,KURDI/AN ,%ORAS ,RESI/ANCE 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 

,TEXT 3 

,\TBREAKS ( RESI/ANCE SPREAD RAPIDLY ACROSS ! NOR? ( ! ,IRAQ1 T[>DS ! 5D ( ! ,GULF ,W> ,I1 & W]E COMPLETELY SPONTANE\S1 POPUL> 9SURRECTIONS FREE FROM1 & 9 SPITE (1 ! 9FLU5CE ( ,KURDI% NATIONALISM & LEFTI/ SPL9T]-POLITICS4 ,:AT !Y W\LD HAVE A*IEV$ IF !Y HAD BE5 JO9$ BY RETURN+ ,IRAQI SOLDI]S MASSACR$ ALONG ! N[ 9FAM\S ROAD TO ,BASRA 9 ! S\? ( ! C\NTRY1 & IF ! TOO %ORT-LIV$ REVOLT !RE HAD LA/$ LONG 5\< TO L9K UP ! /RUGGLE1 IS ANO!R QUE/ION4 

,! ,NOR!RN ,UPRIS+ 

,! MA9 C5T]S ( ! NOR!RN REVOLT W]E 9 ! REGIONS ( ,SULAIMANIA1 ,KIRKUK & ,HAWLIA4 ,AS ,IRAQI SOLDI]S DES]T$ ! FRONT 9 !IR ?\S&S 7#c1 9 ,SULAIMANIA671 ?\S&S MORE TOOK TO ! /REETS1 ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES 9TO COMMITTEES 7%ORAS7 ACROSS ! REGION4 ,DEMON/RATIONS TOOK PLACE EV]Y:]E4 ,OV] #e %ORAS SPRUNG UP 9 ,SULAIMANIA & ,BA'A?I/ C5T]S 7,BA'A? BE+ ! RUL+ P>TY 9 ,IRAQ71 >MY BASES & SECURITY HEADQU>T]S W]E ATTACK$4 ,LI/$ BEL[ >E EXAMPLES ( SOME ( ! ACTIVITIES 9 :I* ! %ORAS P>TICIPAT$4 

#a7 ,EV]Y ,%ORA HAD ITS [N RADIO /ATION4 

#b7 ,EV]Y %ORA SET UP M$ICAL PO/S4 

#c7 ,EA* %ORA HAD A NUMB] ( COMMITTEES DEAL+ ) ! M$IA1 ! MILITIA1 M$ICAL MATT]S1 ADM9I/RATION1 F9ANCE & G5]AL ASSI/ANCE & ! LAW1 AS WELL AS A COMMITTEE = RELATIONS BETWE5 ! %ORAS & A =EIGN RELATIONS COMMITTEE4 

#d7 ,! BUILD+ UP ( A MILITIA = RESI/ANCE PURPOSES4 

#e7 ,ON ! #a#f? ( ,M>*1 #a#i#i#a1 ! ANNIV]S>Y ( ! 
MASSACRE ( ,HALABJA1 ! %ORAS 9CIT$ ! 5TIRE CITY EV5 ?REAT5+ ! ,KURDI/AN ,FRONT 7,K,F74 

#f7 ,ON ! #a#g?1 A G5]AL MEET+ ( ALL ! %ORAS TOOK PLACE AT ! ,MAJID ,BUG %ORA TO ELECT A SUPREME %ORA COV]+ ! CITY4 

7,ABRIDG$ FROM ',! ,KURDI% ,UPRIS+444'7 

,IT WAS AT ?IS PO9T1 ON ,M>* #a#g?1 ?AT ! %ORAS CAME UND] ATTACK1 NOT FROM ! ,BAA?I/ REGIME1 BUT FROM ! ,KURDI/AN ,FRONT 7,K,F74 

,DEFEAT 

,SO FRI<T5$ W]E ! NATIONALI/S BY ! ,%ORAS ?AT BY ,M>* #a#h? !Y W]E OP5LY CALL+ = !M TO BE DISB&$4 ,?R\< A CONC]T$ CAMPAIGN ( MIS9=MATION REG>D+ A GOV]NM5T BACKLA% & O!R LIES1 BUT MA9LY BECAUSE ( !IR L>GE /OCKS ( FOOD SUPPLIES1 ! NATIONALI/ P>TIES W]E ABLE TO UND]M9E ! ,%ORAS4 ,AFT] YE>S ( HUNG] & CONFLICT1 PEOPLE W]E1 NATURALLY 5\<1 DESP]ATE 5\< = SECURITY4 

,GIV5 TIME ! %ORAS C\LD HAVE CREAT$ ! BUILD+ BLOCKS = A SOCIETY ORGANIZ$ ALONG LIB]T>IAN L9ES4 ,! 'ORGANIZ$ LEFT' & ! NATIONALI/ P>TIES PREF]R$1 H[EV]1 TO PURSUE !IR [N N>R[ AG5DAS & SET \T TO DE/ROY !M ) ! TW9 TACTICS ( PROPAG&A & FOOD4 ,SUFFICI5T CONFID5CE HAD YET TO BE BUILT UP 9 ! %ORAS = ! PEOPLE NOT TO BE HOODW9K$ BY ! DUPLICITY ( !SE ME?ODS4 

,IF ! %ORAS HAD SPREAD1 ?IS CONFID5CE1 ! CONFID5CE :I*1 AFT] ALL1 HAD DE/ROY$ 9 ! SPACE ( A FEW DAYS ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ,BA'A?I/ T]ROR ?AT HAD /OOD = DECADES1 C\LD HAVE MANIFE/$ ITSELF 9TO A COMPLETELY NEW SY/EM ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #a#d1 #bb 3 ,! ,KURDI/AN ,%ORAS ,RESI/ANCE -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,KURDI/AN ,%ORAS ,RESI/ANCE -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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