,! ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T & ,SOCIALISM 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,! RELATION ( LABOR UNIONS TO ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T IS 9 MANY 
C\NTRIES ! SUBJECT ( %>P DIFF]5CES ( OP9ION1 EV5 ( BITT] /RIFE4 
,! SITUATION IS BY NO MEANS EV]Y:]E ! SAME4 ,9 ,5GL&1 = EXAMPLE1 AFT] 
! BREAKUP ( ! ,*>TI/ POLITICAL MOVEM5T 9 #ahdh ! UNION MOVEM5T 
9CREAS$ GREATLY & BECAME A MI<TY ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK+M54 ,BUT ?IS 
GREAT BODY ( WORK]S REMA9$ 9DIFF]5T TO ,SOCIALISM1 OR EV5 9IMICAL TO IT1 
& ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY REMA9$ A SMALL SECT4 ,9 ,AM]ICA ! LABOR MOVEM5T 
DEVELOP$ ACCORD+ TO ! ,5GLI% PATT]N4 ,9 ,G]MANY & ,BELGIUM1 ON ! 
CONTR>Y1 ! SITUATION IS EXACTLY REV]S$4 ,!RE ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY GREW 
MI<TILY 9 ! FIR/ PLACE2 !N ! WORK]S1 :O HAD LE>N$ H[ TO CONDUCT 
! FI<T ON ! POLITICAL FIELD1 BEGAN TO /RUGGLE = BETT] CONDITIONS 
AGA9/ 9DIVIDUAL EMPLOY]S4 ,ON ?IS ACC\NT ! UNIONS REMA9$ 9 !SE 
C\NTRIES CLOSELY CONNECT$ ) ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY2 9 ,BELGIUM1 9 FACT1 !Y 
>E AN ORGANIC P>T ( ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T4 ,H]E !Y >E1 H[EV]1 
COMP>ATIVELY WEAK1 & IT IS TO BE EXPECT$ ?AT AS !Y 9CREASE 9 /R5G? 
!Y WILL MAKE !MSELVES MORE 9DEP5D5T4 

,?IS DIVISION IS IMPOS$ BY ! DIFF]5T OBJECTS ( ! POLITICAL & LABOR 
UNION /RUGGLES4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY HOLDS TO A GREAT & F>-REA*+ PURPOSE2 
A PURPOSE NOT IMM$IATELY UND]/OOD BY EV]YONE2 A PURPOSE :I*1 9 FACT1 IS 
(T5 MISUND]/OOD & !RE=E HAS TO MEET OPPOSITION1 PREJUDICE & HATR$ 
:I* CAN BE OV]COME ONLY ?R\< EXT5D$ $UCATIONAL PROPAG&A4 ,! 
OBJECTIVE ( ! UNIONS1 ON ! O!R H&1 IS AN IMM$IATE ONE1 ! SECUR+ ( 
HI<] WAGES & %ORT] H\RS4 ,?IS IS 9/ANTLY 9TELLIGIBLE TO EV]YONE2 DOES 
NOT DEM& DEEP CONVICTIONS1 BUT APPEALS RA!R TO IMM$IATE 9T]E/4 ,ON ?IS 
ACC\NT QUITE UNDEVELOP$ WORK]S MU/ NOT BE H9D]$ FROM JO9+ ! UNIONS 
BECAUSE ( !IR PREJUDICE AGA9/ A WORLD-OV]TURN+ =CE LIKE ,SOCIALISM4 ,AS 
SOON AS ! UNIONS ATTEMPT TO TAKE 9 ! GREAT MASS ( ! WORK]S !Y MU/ BE 
ABSOLUTELY 9DEP5D5T4 ,( C\RSE A FRI5DLY RELATION TO ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY CAN 
/ILL BE MA9TA9$4 

,?IS IS ! SITUATION 9 ,G]MANY4 ,! UNIONS >E 9DEP5D5T ORGANIZATIONS2 
!Y >E 0NEUTRAL10 I4 E41 !Y ASK NO QUE/IONS AS TO ! RELIGI\S 
OR POLITICAL OP9IONS ( !IR MEMB]S4 ,!Y REMA91 H[EV]1 CON/ANTLY 9 
FRI5DLY T\* ) ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY1 EV5 IF N[ & !N A LITTLE FRICTION 
DOES OCCUR4 0,P>TY & UNION >E ONE10 IS ! (T QUOT$ EXPRESSION 
( A PROM95T UNION LEAD]2 ?IS IS TAK5 = GRANT$ BECAUSE ( ! FACT ?AT 
! P>TY MEMB]S & ! GREAT BODY ( UNION ADH]5TS >E ! SAME P]SONS1 
! SAME WORK+M54 

,! NE$ ( HAV+ UNIONS TO IMPROVE ! IMM$IATE SITUATION ( ! WORK]S 
& ! ADVANTAGES :I* GR[ \T ( !SE NE$ NOT BE EXAM9$4 ,BUT ! GOAL ( 
! WORK+ CLASS IS ! COMPLETE EXT]M9ATION ( CAPITALISM4 ,HAVE ! UNIONS 
ANY P>T 9 ?IS /RUGGLE = ! COMPLETE LIB]ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT8 ,BE=E 
?IS QUE/ION CAN BE ANSW]$ WE MU/ MAKE A CLOS] 9VE/IGATION 9TO ! 
G5]AL CONDITIONS ( ! /RUGGLE = ! FRE$OM ( ! WORK]S4 

,:Y DOES ! GREAT BODY ( WORK+M5 /ILL P]MIT ITSELF TO BE RUL$ & 
EXPLOIT$ BY ! CAPITALI/S8 ,:Y >E !Y NOT 9 A POSITION TO DRIVE ! 
M9ORITY ( EXPLOIT]S FROM P[]8 ,BECAUSE !Y >E AN UNORGANIZ$1 
UNDISCIPL9$1 9DIVIDUALI/IC & IGNORANT MASS4 ,! MAJORITY IS IMPOT5T 
BECAUSE IT CONSI/S ( A DIVID$ CR[D ( 9DIVIDUALS EA* ONE ( :OM WI%ES TO 
ACT ACCORD+ TO HIS [N IMPULSE1 REG>D HIS [N 9T]E/S1 & 9 ADDITION HAS 
NO UND]/&+ ( \R SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,IT LACKS ORGANIZATION & KN[L$GE4 ,! 
M9ORITY1 ! RUL+ CLASS1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IS /RONG BECAUSE IT POSSESSES BO? 
ORGANIZATION & KN[L$GE4 ,NOT ONLY DOES IT HAVE 9 ITS S]VICE S*OL>S & 
M5 ( LE>N+2 IT CONTROLS ALSO A /RONG ORGANIZATION1 ! /ATE 
ADM9I/RATION4 ,! >MY ( (FICIALS1 GOV]NM5T UND]L+S1 LAW-GIV]S1 
JUDGES1 REPRES5TATIVES1 POLITICIANS & SOLDI]S WORKS LIKE A GIGANTIC MA*9E 
:I* 9/ANTLY SUPPRESSES ANY ATTACK ON ! EXI/+ ORD]2 A MA*9E AGA9/ 
:I* EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL IS P[]LESS & BY :I*1 IF HE OPPOSES IT1 HE IS 
CRU%$ LIKE A TR\BLESOME 9SECT2 A MA*9E :I*1 9DE$1 CAN EASILY %ATT] 
9 A /RUGGLE EV5 A GREAT ORGANIZATION ( WORK]S4 ,9 ?IS MA*9E EA* WORKS 
AS A P>T ( ! :OLE3 9 ! WORK+ CLASS EA* MAN ACTS = HIMSELF OR A 
SMALL GR\P4 ,NO WOND] ?AT ! FEW1 ?R\< !IR SUP]IOR /R5G?1 RULE ! 
MAJORITY ) EASE4 

,BUT ?+S >E ALREADY *ANG+4 ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T IS ALWAYS PRODUC+ 
GREAT] MA*9ES1 MORE GIGANTIC FACTORIES1 MORE COLOSSAL CAPITALIZATIONS4 ,IT 
GA!RS EV] GREAT] BODIES ( LABOR]S AB\T !SE MA*9ES1 =CES !M 9TO 
ORGANIZ$ TRADE UND] ! COMM& ( CAPITAL1 ROBS !M ( !IR P]SONAL & 
NATIONAL DI/9CTIONS & TAKES FROM !M ! POSSIBILITY ( P]SONAL SUCCESS4 
,BUT 9CID5TALLY IT SUGGE/S TO !M ! ?\<T ( ORGANIZATION1 ( UNION ( 
!IR =CES1 AS ! ONLY MEANS ( IMPROV+ !IR POSITION & OPPOS+ ! 
OV]P[]+ MI<T ( CAPITAL4 ,ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T ?US BR+S =? ! LABOR 
MOVEM5T1 :I* BEG9S ! CLASS-/RUGGLE AGA9/ CAPITAL4 

,! OBJECT ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T IS TO 9CREASE ! /R5G? ( ! 
PROLET>IAT TO ! PO9T AT :I* IT CAN CONQU] ! ORGANIZ$ =CE ( ! 
B\RGEOISIE & ?US E/ABLI% ITS [N SUPREMACY4 ,! P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASS 
RE/S1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 UPON ITS MEMB]S & UPON ! IMPORTANT ROLE :I* IT 
PLAYS 9 ! PROCESS ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT CON/ITUTES AN 9CREAS+LY L>GE 
MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION4 ,PRODUCTION PROCE$S UPON A CON/ANTLY 9CREAS+ 
SCALE1 & SO IS C>RI$ ON MORE & MORE BY WAGE-WORK]S2 & ! RELATIONS ( 
ITS BRAN*ES GR[S CON/ANTLY MORE COMPLEX4 ,UND] !SE CIRCUM/ANCES WORK+M5 
F9D IT POSSIBLE ?R\< ! /RIKE TO BR+ \R :OLE SOCIAL LIFE TO A 
/&/ILL4 ,9 ORD] ?AT !Y MAY BE 9 A POSITION TO USE ?IS GREAT P[] 9 
! RI<T WAY ! WORK]S MU/ COME TO A CONSCI\SNESS ( !IR SITUATION & 
MA/] AN UND]/&+ (1 & 9SI<T 9TO1 \R SOCIAL SY/EM4 ,!Y MU/ BE 
CLASS-CONSCI\S1 I4 E41 CLE>LY RECOGNIZE ! CLA% ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 
!MSELVES & ! CAPITALI/S4 ,& !Y MU/ HAVE SUFFICI5T 9TELLIG5CE TO 
F9D ! RI<T ME?ODS ( PROSECUT+ ! CLASS-/RUGGLE & REJECT ! WRONG 
ONES4 ,5LI<T5M5T1 ! SPREAD+ ( KN[L$GE1 IS !RE=E ONE ( ! 
MI<TIE/ & MO/ IMPORTANT WEAPONS ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T2 ?IS IS ! 
IMM$IATE PURPOSE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A4 ,9 ! ?IRD PLACE1 MEANS MU/ BE 
F\ND TO TURN KN[L$GE 9TO DE$S1 TO APPLY 9TELLIG5CE TO ACTION4 ,TO DO ?IS 
WE NE$ AN ORGANIZATION 9 :I* ! P[]S ( ! 9DIVIDUAL >E JO9$ 9 A 
S+LE WILL & !REBY FUZ$ 9TO A COMMON SOCIAL =CE4 ,! \T] =M ( 
ORGANIZATION IS NOT ! MA9 ?+1 BUT ! SPIRIT :I* HOLDS ! ORGANIZATION 
TOGE!R4 ,JU/ AS ! GRA9S ( S& >E HELD TOGE!R BY A CEM5T & ?US ! 
MASS ( !M BECOMES A HEAVY /ONE1 SO MU/ ! 9DIVIDUALS BE CEM5T$ TOGE!R 
SO ?AT ! ORGANIZATION WILL NOT FLY ASUND] AT ! FIR/ OPPOSITION1 BUT 
RA!R WILL CONQU] ALL OPPOSITION LIKE A MI<TY MASS4 ,?IS IMMAT]IAL1 
SPIRITUAL CEM5T IS ! DISCIPL9E :I* LEADS ! 9DIVIDUAL TO SUBORD9ATE HIS 
[N WILL TO ?AT ( ! :OLE & TO PLACE HIS 5TIRE /R5G? AT ! DISPOSAL 
( ! COMMUNITY4 ,IT IS NOT ! GIV+ UP ( ONE'S [N VIEWS1 BUT ! 
RECOGNITION ( ! FACT ?AT UNIT$ ACTION IS NECESS>Y & ?AT ! M9ORITY 
CANNOT EXPECT ! MAJORITY TO CON=M TO ITS NOTIONS -- A RECOGNITION :I* 
HAS BECOME A P[]FUL MOTIVE = ACTION4 

,! FIR/ ( ! ?REE FACTORS :I* CON/ITUTE ! /R5G? ( ! WORK+ 
CLASS WILL BE 9CREAS+LY DEVELOP$ BY ECONOMIC EVOLUTION 9DEP5D5TLY ( \R 
WILL4 ,! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! O!R TWO IS ! TASK ( ! LABOR 
MOVEM5T4 ,ALL \R WORK+ & /RIV+ IS DEVOT$ TO ?IS PURPOSE3 TO IMPROVE 
! KN[L$GE1 ! CLASS-CONSCI\SNESS1 ! ORGANIZATION1 ! DISCIPL9E1 ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS4 ,ONLY :5 !SE >E SUFFICI5TLY DEVELOP$ CAN WE CONQU] ! 
MO/ P[]FUL ORGANIZATION ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 ! /ATE4 

,N[ :AT >E ! RESPECTIVE P>TS PLAY$ 9 ?IS DEVELOPM5T ( WORK+ CLASS 
P[] BY ! POLITICAL P>TY & ! LABOR UNION8 ,?R\< S]MONS1 SPEE*ES & 
!ORETIC 9/RUCTION WE CAN NEV] CALL 9TO BE+ ORGANIZATION & DISCIPL9E 
-- NO1 NOT EV5 SOCIAL 9TELLIG5CE & CLASS-CONSCI\SNESS4 ,! WOR? ( 
!ORETIC 9/RUCTION LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT IT EXPLA9S & ILLUM9ATES 
PRACTICAL EXP]I5CE1 BR+S IT TO CLE> CONSCI\SNESS2 BUT IT CANNOT S]VE AS A 
SUB/ITUTE = ?IS EXP]I5CE4 ,ONLY ?R\< PRACTICE1 PRACTICE 9 ! /RUGGLE1 
CAN ! WORK]S ACQUIRE ?AT UND]/&+ ( !ORETIC TEA*+ & ?OSE 
9TELLECTUAL & MORAL QUALITIES :I* WILL MAKE !IR P[] GREAT4 

,IT IS G5]ALLY KN[N ?AT 9 WE/]N ,EUROPE IT HAS BE5 ! 
POLITICO-P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIVITY :I* HAS *IEFLY CONTRIBUT$ TO ! TREM5D\S 
9CREASE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T & EV]Y:]E GIV5 /R5G? TO ! ,SOCIAL 
,DEMOCRATIC P>TIES4 ,:AT IS ! MEAN+ ( ?IS8 ,?AT ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE HAS 
GIV5 A MI<TY IMPETUS TO ! CLASS-CONSCI\SNESS1 ! 9SI<T1 ! 
GR\P-FEEL+1 ( ! HI!RTO UNCONSCI\S1 UNRELAT$ WORK]S4 ,! 
REPRES5TATIVES ( ! WORK]S TOOK A /& 9 P>LIAM5T AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T 
& ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 TORE FROM !IR FACES ! MASKS ( GU>DIANS ( 
0! G5]AL WELF>E01 REVEAL$ !M AS EXPRESSIONS ( B\RGEOIS 
9T]E/S 9IMICAL TO ! WORK]S1 & ?R\< SUGGE/IONS = ! IMPROVEM5T 
( ! CONDITIONS ( ! LABOR]S =C$ !M TO %[ !IR TRUE *>ACT]S2 BY 
!SE MEANS !Y 5LI<T5$ ! PEOPLE AS TO ! CLASS *>ACT] ( ! /ATE 
& ! RUL]S4 ,! CRITIQUE :I* !Y C>RI$ ON 9 DEBATE ) ! 
M\?PIECES ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM P5ETRAT$ ?R\< ! 
PAP]S TO ! UTT]MO/ CORN]S ( ! L& & R\S$ TO REFLECTION ?OSE :O 
O!RWISE REMA9 UNT\*$ BY PUBLIC GA!R+S4 ,! C>EFUL FOLL[+ ( 
P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLES1 ( ! SPEE*ES ( !IR [N REPRES5TATIVES & ( 
!IR OPPON5TS1 DEVELOP$ TO A HI< DEGREE ! POLITICAL 9TELLIG5CE ( ! 
WORK]S & 9CREAS$ !IR UND]/&+ ( SOCIAL PH5OM5A4 ,H]E9 LIES ! 
SIGNIFICANCE ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE = ! 9CREASE ( ! P[] ( ! 
WORK+ CLASS2 ! TOTALLY UNCONSCI\S >E %AK5 UP & 9DUC$ TO ?9K2 !IR 
CLASS-CONSCI\SNESS AWAK5S & !Y JO9 ! CLASS ORGANIZATIONS ( ! 
PROLET>IAT2 ! ALREADY CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK+M5 BECOME BETT] & BETT] 
9/RUCT$ & !IR KN[L$GE BECOMES MORE ?OR\<4 

,JU/ AS IMPORTANT IS ! ACTIVITY CONNECT$ ) LABOR UNION /RUGGLE4 ,! 
EFFECT ( ?IS CONFLICT IS TO BUILD UP & /R5G!N ! WORK+M5'S 
ORGANIZATION4 ,?R\< ! EF=TS ( ! UNION TO IMPROVE ! CONDITIONS ( 
LABOR1 9CREAS+ NUMB]S ( WORK]S :O BE=E KEPT !MSELVES AT A DI/ANCE 
>E >\S$ & BR\<T 9TO ! ORGANIZATION4 ,! MO/ EFFECTIVE RECRUIT+ 
=CE1 IT IS G5]ALLY KN[N1 IS NOT ! DESIGN$ PROPAG&A C>RI$ ON ?R\< 
MEET+S & TRACTS1 BUT ! 9FLU5CE ( /RIKES & LOCK-\TS4 ,! *IEF 
SIGNIFICANCE ( !SE /RUGGLES1 H[EV]1 LIES 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( DISCIPL9E 
& MUTUAL FIDELITY4 ,?IS BECOMES T\< AS /EEL ONLY :5 IT HAS BE5 TEMP]$ 
9 ! FIRE ( CONFLICT4 ,! SUPPRESSION ( EGOTISM1 ! SURR5D] ( ! 
9DIVIDUAL TO ! :OLE1 ! SACRIFICE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/ = ! 
ORGANIZATION1 CAN BE LE>N$ & ?OR\<LY +RA9$ ONLY 9 /RUGGLE4 
,EXP]I5CE ( ! FACT ?AT ALL TOGE!R SUFF] DEFEAT IF ! 9DIVIDUAL LACKS 
! NECESS>Y FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY1 ?AT ON ! O!R H& VICTORY IS ! 
REW>D ( UNWAV]+ COOP]ATION1 BEATS 9TO EV]YONE ?IS NECESS>Y 
DISCIPL9E4 ,IT IS ?US ! LABOR UNIONS :I* WELD ! SCATT]$ 9DIVIDUALI/IC 
WORK]S 9TO P[]FUL UNITS1 TEA* !M TO ACT UNIT$LY AS A BODY1 & PRODUCE 
AMONG !M ! HI<E/ WORK+ CLASS VIRTUE1 SOLID>ITY4 

,9 ADDITION ! LABOR UNION /RUGGLE CONTRIBUTES TO ! KN[L$GE ( ! 
WORK]S4 ,IT IS 9 ?IS CONFLICT ?AT MO/ ( !M LE>N ! ,A,B,C ( ,SOCIALISM1 
! OPPOSITION ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 WORK+M5 & EMPLOY]S4 ,H]E !Y CAN GET 
HOLD ( ?IS FUNDAM5TAL FACT ( CAPITALI/IC SOCIETY1 :I* APPE>S MU* LESS 
CLE>LY 9 ! POLITICAL FI<T4 ,ON ?IS ACC\NT ! UNIONS HAVE (T5 BE5 
CALL$ ! PREP>ATORY S*OOLS ( ,SOCIALISM2 !Y MI<T BE BETT] CALL$ 
ELEM5T>Y S*OOLS1 = ! REAL ELEM5T>Y PR9CIPLES ?AT ONE LE>NS 9 ! 
LABOR /RUGGLE4 ,( C\RSE ?IS ELEM5T>Y KN[L$GE ( ! OPPOSITION ( 
9T]E/S BETWE5 EMPLOYES & EMPLOY]S IS NOT ADEQUATE TO AN UND]/&+ ( 
\R SOCIAL SY/EM2 ONE :O KN[S NO?+ MORE WILL BE NONPLUS$ & )\T 
RES\RCE :5 HE CONFRONTS ! MORE COMPLEX RELATIONS1 ! ROLE ( ! O!R 
CLASSES1 ( ! (FICE-HOLD]S1 ( ! /ATE1 = EXAMPLE1 & O!R POLITICAL 
& IDEOLOGICAL PH5OM5A4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE HAS AN ESS5TIAL SIGNIFICANCE = 
! ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! UNION ORGANIZATIONS ALWAYS HAVE 
!IR LIMITATIONS2 !Y 9CLUDE ONLY MEMB]S ( A P>TICUL> CRAFT1 & SO 
DEVELOP ) ! /RONG SOLID>ITY ( !IR FELL[ CRAFTSM5 !IR GUILD SPIRIT1 
!IR ISOLATION1 YES1 (T5 AN UNFRI5DLY JEAL\SLY ( O!R CRAFTS4 ,?IS 
N>R[NESS IS SWEPT AWAY BY ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,9 POLITICS CLASS /&S 
AGA9/ CLASS4 ,!RE ! DELEGATES ( LABOR SPEAK NOT AS REPRES5TATIVES ( ! 
C>P5T]S OR ! M9]S2 !Y DO NOT EV5 REPRES5T ! WAGE-WORK]S 
EXCLUSIVELY1 BUT ! :OLE BODY ( ?OSE EXPLOIT$ BY CAPITAL4 ,!IR OPPON5TS 
>E NOT REPRES5TATIVES ( DEF9ITE GR\PS ( EMPLOY]S1 BUT ( ! :OLE [N+ 
CLASS2 !Y FI<T 9 P>LIAM5T AGA9/ BANK CAPITAL1 COLONIAL CAPITAL1 L& 
CAPITAL1 JU/ AS MU* AS AGA9/ ALL EXPLOIT]S4 ,!RE=E ! POLITICAL 
CONFLICT EXT5DS ! VIEW1 ! 9TELLIG5CE & ALSO ! SYMPA?IES BEYOND ! 
N>R[ CIRCLE ( ! CRAFT 9T]E/S ( ! LABOR UNION4 ,:]E ! POLITICAL 
P>TY IS /RONG ALL WORK]S ( ! MO/ V>I$ TRADES FEEL !MSELVES BRO!RS2 
!IR SOLID>ITY IS NO LONG] LIMIT$ BY ! B\ND>IES ( !IR CRAFTS1 & 
!IR LABOR ORGANIZATIONS APPE> TO !M AS P>TS1 AS BRAN*ES1 AS BATTALIONS 9 
A S+LE GREAT LABOR >MY4 ,9 ,G]MANY1 :]E ! POLITICAL ORGANIZATION PREC$$ 
! LABOR UNION1 ! GUILD SPIRIT WAS UNABLE TO DEVELOP ITSELF SO /RONGLY AS1 
E4 G41 9 ,5GL&4 

,! RELATION BETWE5 POLITICAL P>TY & UNION IS (T5 REPRES5T$ AS ?\< 
! POLITICAL MOVEM5T W]E TO BR+ AB\T ! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALISM1 & 
! UNION TO EFFECT ! IMPROVEM5T ( ! LABOR]'S CONDITION )9 ! 
CAPITALI/ SY/EM2 AS ?\< ! POLITICAL P>TY W]E NATURALLY REVOLUTION>Y 
& ! UNION NATURALLY RE=MATORY4 ,?IS MAY BE 9 H>MONY ) ! APP>5T 
PRACTICE 9 MANY L&S2 BUT 9 ,FRANCE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! UNIONS REG>D 
!MSELVES AS ! REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS & ! POLITICAL P>TY AS A 
B\RGEOIS CREATION ) M]ELY TEMPOR>Y RE=MATORY FUNCTIONS4 ,9 REALITY ! 
TRU? IS ?AT BO? >E AT ONCE REVOLUTION>Y & RE=MATORY3 ?AT IS TO SAY1 
!Y BO? C>RY ON ! PRES5T /RUGGLE = DIRECT IMPROVEM5T & BO? HAVE 
GREAT SIGNIFICANCE 9 RELATION TO ! REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION ( 
SOCIETY4 

,9 ! CLASS-/RUGGLE ! CONFLICT MU/ ALWAYS CONC]N ITSELF ) IMM$IATE1 
PRACTICAL OBJECTS4 ,:AT >E ! BONES ( CONT5TION 9 P>LIAM5T8 ,! 
9TRODUCTION ( ,SOCIALISM8 ,ONE MAY AGITATE = A PURPOSE LY+ F> 9 ! 
FUTURE1 BUT CANNOT C>RY ON AN IMM$IATE FI<T = IT4 ,! ACTUAL FI<T TURNS 
AB\T DEF9ITE LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS2 AB\T SOCIAL RE=MS1 LAWS = ! 
PROTECTION ( LABOR]S1 CONTRACTION OR EXPANSION ( ! RI<TS ( LABOR1 LAWS 9 
! 9T]E/ ( P>TICUL> CAPITALI/ GR\PS1 OR MEASURES ( TAXATION 9 REG>D 
TO :I* !RE IS A COLLISION ( CLASS 9T]E/S4 ,EV]Y >TICLE ( A LAW BECOMES 
! CRUX ( A /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! REPRES5TATIVES ( LABOR & ! B\RGEOISIE4 
,LABOR GA9S ONLY N[ & !N A DIRECT ADVANTAGE1 A FAVORABLE LEGAL 5ACTM5T2 
BUT ALWAYS AN 9DIRECT ONE1 ! 5LI<T5M5T ( ! MASSES AS TO ! NATURE ( 
SOCIETY & ! /ATE4 

,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ?IS & ! UNION /RUGGLE = DIRECT IMPROVEM5T 
-- ( ! CONDITIONS ( LABOR -- LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT 9 ! 
POLITICAL FI<T MORE G5]AL 9T]E/S & CONSID]ATIONS COME 9TO QUE/ION4 
,!RE=E ! >GUM5TS BR\<T TO BE> REA* A HI<] LEVEL4 ,FROM MOM5T>Y 
QUE/IONS ! OPPON5TS REA* \T TO REMOTE PURPOSES2 EV5TUALLY !IR DEEPE/ 
MO/ G5]AL CONVICTIONS1 !IR WORLD-VIEWS1 COME 9TO CONFLICT4 ,SOCIALI/ 
SPEAK]S UTILIZE EV]Y P>TICUL> CASE TO MAKE AN ATTACK ON ! :OLE CAPITALI/ 
SY/EM2 !IR OPPON5TS ANSW] ) ATTEMPTS AT CRITICISM ( ,SOCIALI/ TEA*+4 
,SO ! ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE ( ! PROLET>IAN /RUGGLE ALWAYS APPE>S BEH9D ! 
MOM5T>Y CLA%1 & WE ALWAYS EMPHASIZE ! FACT ?AT ?IS CLA% GA9S 9 
SIGNIFICANCE FROM ITS RELATION TO ?IS ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE4 ,SO IT COMES AB\T 
?AT APP>5TLY ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE IS C>RI$ ON 9 ! 9T]E/S ( 
,SOCIALISM1 & ! UNION /RUGGLE 9 ! 9T]E/S ( RE=M4 ,& YET BO? >E 
= RE=M1 = ! IMPROVEM5T ( ! CONDITION & /ATUS ( LABOR & AGA9/ 
!IR DET]IORATION4 ,BO? ( !M EFFECT1 AS WE %[$ ABOVE1 A /EADY 9CREASE 
9 ! P[] ( ! WORK+ CLASS2 PAVE ! WAY1 !RE=E1 = ! CONQUE/ ( 
POLITICAL P[] BY ! PROLET>IAT4 

,9 BO? !RE COMES AB\T 9 AN ANALOG\S MANN] A LIMIT$ CONCEPTION ( 
!IR FUNCTION1 9 ?AT ALL REMOTE PURPOSES & G5]AL 9T]E/S >E SACRIFIC$ 
TO ! A*IEVEM5T ( AN IMM$IATE RE=M4 ,ON ! POLITICAL FIELD ?IS 
CONCEPTION TAKES ! =M ( A NEGLECT ( ! CLASS-/RUGGLE1 A POLITICAL 
ALLIANCE ) ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES 9 A BLOC1 A /RIFE = VOTES AS A 
MA9 OBJECT2 ?IS CON/ITUTES ! T5D5CY )9 ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T :I* 
IS CALL$ RE=MI/ OR REVISIONI/4 ,! BELIEF ?AT ?R\< IT WE CAN ACCOMPLI% 
MORE RE=MS USUALLY PROVES FALLACI\S1 & 9 ADDITION ! REVOLUTION>Y RESULT 
( POLITICAL ACTIVITY1 ! 5LI<T5M5T & ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 USUALLY 
FAILS ( ACCOMPLI%M5T4 ,?IS T5D5CY CAN PROSP] ONLY UND] UND]DEVELOP$ 
CONDITIONS SU* AS OBTA9 AMONG SMALL CAPITALI/S OR L&-HOLD]S1 CONDITIONS 
UND] :I* ! OPPOSITION ( CLASSES IS NOT %>PLY DEF9$ -- & EV5 
!RE NOT = ANY GREAT L5G? ( TIME4 

,! RE=MI/ T5D5CY IS MU* MORE P]SI/5T AMONG ! UNIONS4 ,:]E ON 
ACC\NT ( P>TICUL> CIRCUM/ANCES ! UNIONS HAVE BE5 SUCCESSFUL 9 IMPROV+ 
! LABOR CONDITIONS !RE MAY EASILY DEVELOP 9 !IR RANKS A SELF-SATISFI$1 
BIGOT$ CONS]VATISM2 !Y GIVE UP ! ?\<T ( A VIGOR\S CAMPAIGN AGA9/ 
CAPITALISM & SURR5D] !MSELVES TO ! /UPOR ( ! 0COMMUNITY ( 
9T]E/S BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR20 !Y NEGLECT FUR!R 5LI<T5M5T1 
ISOLATE !IR ORGANIZATIONS LIKE GUILDS1 LOOK ) SCORN ON ! MIS]ABLE1 
UNORGANIZ$ MASS ( SACRIFICES TO CAPITALISM1 & BECOME SMALL B\RGEOIS1 
LACK+ ANY?+ LIKE REVOLUTION>Y FEEL+4 ,! CLASSICAL EXAMPLES ( ?IS >E 
FURNI%$ BY ! ,5GLI% & ,AM]ICAN TRADES-UNIONS4 ,9 SU* A LABOR MOVEM5T1 
9 DI/9CTION FROM A RE=MI/ POLITICAL MOVEM5T1 ! V]Y NAME ( ! 
,SOCIALI/ 5LI<T5M5T IS PROSCRIB$4 ,UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES A BETT] VIEW ( 
?+S BECOMES EFFECTIVE ONLY ) GREAT DIFFICULTY & AS ! RESULT ( ! 
MO/ PA9FUL LESSONS ( EXP]I5CE4 ,9 MO/ C\NTRIES1 NATURALLY1 ! 
CONS]VATIVE1 RE=MI/ T5D5CIES >E MO/ P[]FUL 9 ! UNIONS2 :ILE ! 
POLITICAL P>TY1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 REPRES5TS MORE 5]GETICALLY ! 
REVOLUTION>Y /&PO9T4 ,BUT ! OPPOSITE IS ALSO POSSIBLE4 ,:]E ! ,SOCIALI/ 
P>TY LOSES ITSELF TOO DEEP 9 ! QUAGMIRE ( B\RGEOIS P>LIAM5T>Y !RE 
AWAK5S 9 ! WORK]S A NATIVE1 PRIMITIVE CLASS FEEL+1 A DISGU/ AT ! 
COQUETT+ ) ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,!N !Y REPUDIATE ! 
:OLE FI<T ON ! POLITICAL FIELD AS A QU>REL ( AMBITI\S POLITICIANS :I* 
CAN ONLY COMPROMISE ! CLASS-/RUGGLE2 & !Y COME TO PLACE !IR ONLY TRU/ 
9 ! NATURAL ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! UNIONS4 ,SO 9 ,FRANCE1 
*IEFLY AS A RESULT ( ! BLOC POLICY & ,MILL]&ISM1 !RE HAS 
>IS5 A REVOLUTION>Y UNIONISM :I* ADVOCATES ! G5]AL /RIKE AS ! ONLY 
WEAPON :]EBY LABOR CAN ACCOMPLI% ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM4 

,! GOAL ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 ! CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[]1 9DICATES 9 
ITSELF ?AT ITS ATTA9M5T CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$ ONLY BY ! WORK+ CLASS 
ORGANIZ$ AS A POLITICAL P>TY4 ,REPEAT$LY HAS ! IDEA BE5 PRES5T$1 
ESPECIALLY BY ! REVISIONI/S1 ?AT ?IS CONQUE/ CAN BE BR\<T AB\T 9 A 
SIMPLE1 PEACEFUL1 P>LIAM5T>Y MANN]4 ,9 EV]Y ELECTION WE POLL AN 9CREAS$ 
NUMB] ( VOTES1 A CON/ANTLY 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( VOT]S IS BE+ CONV]T$ TO 
\R VIEWS2 & :5 AT LA/ WE HAVE WON ! MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE WE %ALL HAVE 
-- UNIV]SAL1 EQUAL SUFFRAGE BE+ TAK5 = GRANT$ -- ! MAJORITY 
9 P>LIAM5T WILL MAKE LAWS ACCORD+ TO \R PR9CIPLES4 ,BUT ?IS BEAUTIFUL 
IDYLL GOES TO SMA% ! MOM5T WE TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! RE/RICTIONS UPON 
SUFFRAGE :I* ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES >E 9 A POSITION TO PUT ?R\< SO LONG AS 
!Y >E /ILL 9 CONTROL ( ! MAJORITY4 ,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ! 
RUL+ CLASS WILL NOT ALL[ ITSELF TO BE SO EASILY DISC>D$4 ,IT WILL ATTEMPT TO 
ASS]T ITSELF AGA9/ US ) ALL ! WEAPONS AT ITS COMM&2 ITS WEAL?1 & 
ABOVE ALL ITS ACTUAL CONTROL ( ! POLITICAL ADM9I/RATION1 ! BUREAUCRACY1 
! >MY & ! NEWSPAP]S1 GIVE IT A TREM5D\S P[]2 SO LONG AS IT HAS A 
MAJORITY 9 ! LAW-GIV+ BODIES IT CAN BY LEGAL ME?ODS DO AWAY ) ! 
POPUL> RI<TS :I* >E DANG]\S TO IT4 ,EXP]I5CE HAS %[N ?AT 9 DEF5SE 
( ITS PRIVILEGES IT IS NOT 9CL9$ EI!R 9 ,EUROPE & ,AM]ICA TO RESPECT 
RECOGNIZ$ RI<TS4 ,9 ! FACE ( !SE FACTS ! WORK]S WILL BE =C$ TO CALL 
9TO ! FIELD EV]Y P[] :I* !Y POSSESS4 

,9 ?IS F9AL /RUGGLE = ! MA/]Y -- :I* WILL NOT BE A S+LE 
BATTLE1 BUT A LONG W> ) MANY UPS & D[NS ( VICTORY & DEFEAT -- ! 
UNIONS WILL PLAY A P>T NOT 9F]IOR TO ?AT ( ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TY4 ,OR1 TO PUT 
IT MORE CLE>LY1 ! POLITICAL & ! UNION MOVEM5T WILL COME TOGE!R 9 ?IS 
CONFLICT4 ,! WORK]S MU/ PRES5T !MSELVES AS A S+LE1 /RONGLY UNIT$ CLASS 
) A DEF9ITE POLITICAL PURPOSE -- ?AT IS1 AS A POLITICAL P>TY4 ,!Y 
MU/ AT ! SAME TIME COME 9TO ACTION AS A MASS ORGANIZATION1 I4 E41 LEAD 9TO 
! FIELD !IR UNIONS & MAKE USE ( !IR UNION WEAPON1 ! /RIKE1 = 
POLITICAL PURPOSES2 !Y MU/ ACT AS A BODY AGA9/ ! P[] ( ! /ATE4 ,9 
! MASS /RIKE ! TWO PROLET>IAN ME?ODS BECOME ONE3 POLITICAL UND]/&+ 
& UNION DISCIPL9E >E H]E LIKE ! ?9K+ HEAD & ! /RONG >M ( AN 
9DIVIDUAL COMBATANT4 

,! MORE ! GREAT BODY ( WORK]S TAKE P>T 9 ! W> ON CAPITALISM1 ! 
MORE WILL LABOR UNION CONFLICTS BECOME SOCIAL CATACLYSMS1 GREAT POLITICAL 
EV5TS2 & ?US ! UNIONS WILL BE =C$ TO TAKE P>T 9 ! POLITICAL 
/RUGGLE4 ,9 !SE GREAT /RUGGLES ! OLD ME?ODS ( P>LIAM5T>Y & LABOR 
UNION DIPLOMACY WILL BE F\ND 9ADEQUATE2 ! CLEV]NESS ( %>P LEAD]S & 
V]SATILE SPOKESM5 WILL BE OV]%AD[$ BY ! P[] ( ! MASSES !MSELVES4 
,9 ! P]SONS ( ! LEAD]S1 :O DEVELOP ACCORD+ TO ! P>TICUL> DEM&S 
( EA* =M ( ACTION1 ! POLITICAL & UNION MOVEM5TS >E DIFF]5T2 9 ! 
P]SONS :O CON/ITUTE ! MASSES BEH9D ! LEAD]S !Y >E ID5TICAL4 ,?US 
:]E ! MASS ( ! WORK]S !MSELVES COME 9TO ACTION ! DIVID+ L9E 
BETWE5 ! TWO ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE DISAPPE>S2 !Y M>* UPON ! FIELD ( 
BATTLE TO A S+LE1 UNDIVID$ W>F>E AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 >M$ ) ! 
CLASS-CONSCI\SNESS1 ! DISCIPL9E1 ! 9TELLIG5CE & ! P[] ( ACTION 
GA9$ 9 ALL PREVI\S CONFLICTS2 ! UNION CON/ITUTES !IR ORGANIZATION2 
,SOCIALISM1 !IR POLITICAL 9TELLIG5CE4 

,DR ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK1 ,B]L94 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,! ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T & ,SOCIALISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,LABOR ,MOVEM5T & ,SOCIALISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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