,! ,LAB\R ( ,WOM5 9 ! ,EVOLUTION ( ! ,ECONOMY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,SELECT$ ,WRIT+S ( ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI1 ,ALLISON @& ,BUSBY1 #a#i#g#g2 
,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 #a#i#b#a1 AS A PAMPHLET2 
,TRANSLAT$3 BY ,ALIX ,HOLT4 

,9 ITS SE>* = NEW =MS ( ECONOMY & ( LIV+ :I* MEET ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ! ,SOVIET REPUBLIC HAS 9EVITABLY COMMITT$ A NUMB] ( MI/AKES1 & HAS A NUMB] ( TIMES HAD TO ALT] & CORRECT ITS L9E4 ,BUT 9 ! SPH]E ( SOCIAL UPBR++ & ! PROTECTION ( MO!RHOOD1 ! LABOR REPUBLIC FROM ! FIR/ MON?S ( ITS EXI/5CE HAS M>K$ \T ! RI<T DIRECTION = DEVELOPM5TS TO TAKE4 ,& 9 ?IS SPH]E A DEEP & FUNDAM5TAL REVOLUTION 9 MORALS & ATTITUDES IS BE+ A*IEV$4 ,9 ?IS C\NTRY1 :]E PRIVATE PROP]TY HAS BE5 ABOLI%$ & :]E POLITICS IS DICTAT$ BY ! DESIRE TO RAISE ! LEVEL ( ! G5]AL ECONOMY1 WE CAN N[ DEAL 9 \R /RIDE ) PROBLEMS ?AT W]E 9SOLUBLE UND] ! B\RGEOIS SY/EM4 

,SOVIET ,RUSSIA HAS APPROA*$ ! QUE/ION ( PROTECT+ MO!RHOOD BY KEEP+ 9 VIEW ! SOLUTION TO ! BASIC PROBLEM ( ! LABOR REPUBLIC - ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES ( ! C\NTRY1 ! RAIS+ & RE/ORATION ( PRODUCTION4 ,9 ORD] TO C>RY \T ! JOB 9 H& IT IS NECESS>Y1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 TO TAP ! TREM5D\S =CES 5GAG$ 9 UNPRODUCTIVE LABOR & USE ALL AVAILABLE RES\RCES EFFECTIVELY2 &1 9 ! SECOND PLACE1 TO GU>ANTEE ! LABOR REPUBLIC AN UN9T]RUPT$ FL[ ( FRE% WORK]S 9 ! FUTURE1 I4E4 TO GU>ANTEE ! NORMAL 9CREASE 9 POPULATION4 

,AS SOON AS ONE ADOPTS ?IS PO9T ( VIEW1 ! QUE/ION ( ! EMANCIPATION ( WOM5 FROM ! BURD5 ( MAT]NITY SOLVES ITSELF4 ,A LABOR /ATE E/ABLI%ES A COMPLETELY NEW PR9CIPLE3 C>E ( ! Y\NG] G5]ATION IS NOT A PRIVATE FAMILY AFFAIR1 BUT A SOCIAL-/ATE CONC]N4 ,MAT]NITY IS PROTECT$ & PROVID$ = NOT ONLY 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! WOMAN H]SELF1 BUT /ILL MORE 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! TASKS BE=E ! NATIONAL ECONOMY DUR+ ! TRANSITION TO A SOCIALI/ SY/EM3 IT IS NECESS>Y TO SAVE WOM5 FROM AN UNPRODUCTIVE EXP5DITURE ( 5]GY ON ! FAMILY SO ?AT ?IS 5]GY CAN BE US$ EFFICI5TLY 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! COLLECTIVE2 IT IS NECESS>Y TO PROTECT !IR HEAL? 9 ORD] TO GU>ANTEE ! LABOR REPUBLIC A FL[ ( HEAL?Y WORK]S 9 ! FUTURE4 ,9 ! B\RGEOIS /ATE IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO POSE ! QUE/ION ( MAT]NITY 9 ?IS WAY3 CLASS CONTRADICTIONS & ! LACK ( UNITY BETWE5 ! 9T]E/S ( PRIVATE ECONOMIES & ! NATIONAL ECONOMY H9D] ?IS4 ,9 A LABOR REPUBLIC1 ON ! O!R H&1 :]E ! 9DIVIDUAL ECONOMIES >E DISSOLV+ 9TO ! G5]AL ECONOMY & :]E CLASSES >E DIS9TEGRAT+ & DISAPPE>+1 SU* A SOLUTION TO ! QUE/ION ( MAT]NITY IS DEM&$ BY LIFE1 BY NECESSITY4 ,! LABOR REPUBLIC SEES WOMAN FIR/ & =EMO/ AS A MEMB] ( ! LABOR =CE1 AS A UNIT ( LIV+ LABOR2 ! FUNCTION ( MAT]NITY IS SE5 AS HI<LY IMPORTANT1 BUT AS A SUPPLEM5T>Y TASK & AS A TASK ?AT IS NOT A PRIVATE FAMILY MATT] BUT A SOCIAL MATT]4 

0,\R POLICY ON ! PROTECTION ( MAT]NITY & *ILDHOOD10 AS ,V]A ,PAVLOVNA ,LEB$EVA CORRECTLY NOTES1 0IS BAS$ ON ! PICTURE ( WOMAN 9 ! WORK PROCESS1 :I* WE KEEP CON/ANTLY BE=E \R M9D'S EYE40 

,BUT 9 ORD] TO GIVE WOMAN ! POSSIBILITY ( P>TICIPAT+ 9 PRODUCTIVE LABOR )\T VIOLAT+ H] NATURE OR BREAK+ ) MAT]NITY1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO TAKE A SECOND /EP2 IT IS NECESS>Y = ! COLLECTIVE TO ASSUME ALL ! C>ES ( MO!RHOOD ?AT HAVE WEI<$ SO HEAVILY ON WOM51 ?US RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ! TASK ( BR++ UP *ILDR5 CEASES TO BE A FUNCTION ( ! PRIVATE FAMILY & BECOMES A SOCIAL FUNCTION ( ! /ATE4 ,MAT]NITY BEG9S TO BE SE5 9 A NEW LI<T4 ,SOVIET P[] VIEWS MAT]NITY AS A SOCIAL TASK4 ,SOVIET P[]1 BAS+ ITSELF ON ?IS PR9CIPLE1 HAS \TL9$ A NUMB] ( MEASURES TO %IFT ! BURD5 ( MO!RHOOD FROM ! %\LD]S ( WOM5 TO ?OSE ( ! /ATE4 ,SOVIET P[] TAKES RESPONSIBILITY = ! C>E ( ! BABY & ! MAT]IAL PROVISION ( ! *ILD1 ?R\< ! SUB-DEP>TM5T ( ! ,PROTECTION ( ,MO!RHOOD & ,*ILDHOOD 7HEAD$ BY COMRADE ,V4,P4 ,LEB$EVA7 & ! SECTION ( ,N>KOMPROS 7! ,COMMISS>IAT ( ,$UCATION7 :I* DEALS ) SOCIAL UPBR++4 

,! PR9CIPLE ?AT ,SOVIET P[] ACCEPTS 9 TACKL+ ! PROBLEM IS ?AT ! MO!R BE RELIEV$ ( ! CROSS ( MO!RHOOD1 & BE LEFT ) ! SMILE ( JOY :I* >ISES FROM ! CONTACT ( ! WOMAN ) H] *ILD4 ,( C\RSE1 ?IS PR9CIPLE IS F> FROM HAV+ BE5 REALIZ$4 ,9 PRACTICE WE LAG BEH9D \R 9T5TIONS4 ,9 \R ATTEMPTS TO CON/RUCT NEW =MS ( LIFE & LIV+1 TO EMANCIPATE ! LABOR+ WOMAN FROM FAMILY OBLIGATIONS1 WE >E CON/ANTLY RUNN+ UP AGA9/ ! SAME OB/ACLES2 \R POV]TY1 & ! DEVA/ATION ( ! ECONOMY4 ,BUT A F\NDATION HAS BE5 LAID1 ! SIGNPO/S >E 9 PLACE2 \R TASK IS TO FOLL[ ! DIRECTIONS FIRMLY & DECISIVELY4 

,! LABOR REPUBLIC DOES NOT LIMIT ITSELF TO F9ANCIAL PROVISIONS = MO!RHOOD & ! DI/RIBUTION ( B5EFITS4 ,IT AIMS1 ABOVE ALL1 TO TRANS=M ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE 9 ORD] TO MAKE IT FULLY POSSIBLE = A WOMAN TO COMB9E MO!RHOOD & SOCIAL LABOR & TO PRES]VE ! BABY = ! REPUBLIC1 SURR\ND+ IT ) ! NECESS>Y C>E & ATT5TION4 ,FROM ! V]Y FIR/ MON?S ( ! EXI/5CE ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ,RUSSIA1 WORK] & PEASANT P[] HAS BE5 /RIV+ TO CO V] ! C\NTRY ) A NETWORK ( 9/ITUTIONS = ! PROTECTION ( MO!RHOOD & ! SOCIAL UPBR++ ( *ILDR54 ,! MO!R & ! *ILD BECAME A SPECIAL OBJECT ( CONC]N 9 ,SOVIET POLITICS4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ MON?S ( ! REVOLUTION1 :5 ,I HELD ! POSITION ( ,PEOPLE'S ,COMMISS> ( ,SOCIAL ,WELF>E1 ,I CONSID]$ IT TO BE MY MA9 TASK TO *>T ! C\RSE ?AT ! LABOR REPUBLIC %\LD ADOPT 9 ! SPH]E ( PROTECT+ ! 9T]E/S ( WOMAN AS A LABOR UNIT & AS A MO!R4 

,IT WAS AT ?IS TIME ?AT ! BO>D :I* DEALS ) ! PROTECTION ( MO!RHOOD WAS SET UP & BEGAN TO ORGANIZE MODEL 0PALACES ( MO!RHOOD04 ,S9CE !N1 COMRADE ,V]A ,PAVLOVNA ,LEB$EVA HAS WORK$ ABLY & 5]GETICALLY1 & ! CAUSE ( ! PROTECTION ( MO!RHOOD HAS FL\RI%$ & E/ABLI%$ FIRM ROOTS4 ,FROM ! E>LY /AGES ( ! WORK+ WOMAN'S PREGNANCY1 %E RECEIVES ! ASSI/ANCE ( ,SOVIET P[]4 ,CONSULTATION C5T]S = PREGNANT & NURS+ MO!RS >E N[ TO BE F\ND ACROSS ! L5G? & BREAD? ( ,RUSSIA4 ,9 CZ>I/ TIMES ONLY SIX CONSULTATION C5T]S EXI/$2 N[ WE HAVE AB\T TWO HUNDR$ SU* C5T]S1 & A HUNDR$ & ?IRTY-EI<T MILK KIT*5S4 

,BUT ( C\RSE1 ! MO/ IMPORTANT TASK IS TO RELIEVE ! WORK+ MO!R ( ! UNPRODUCTIVE LABOR 9VOLV$ 9 M9I/]+ TO ! PHYSICAL NE$S ( ! *ILD4 ,MAT]NITY DOES NOT 9 ! LEA/ MEAN ?AT ONE MU/ ONESELF *ANGE ! NAPPIES1 WA% ! BABY OR EV5 BE BY ! CRADLE4 ,! SOCIAL OBLIGATION ( ! MO!R IS ABOVE ALL TO GIVE BIR? TO A HEAL?Y BABY4 ,! LABOR REPUBLIC MU/ !RE=E PROVIDE ! PREGNANT WOMAN ) ! MO/ FAVORABLE POSSIBLE CONDITIONS2 & ! WOMAN = H] P>T MU/ OBS]VE ALL ! RULES ( HYGI5E DUR+ H] PREGNANCY1 REMEMB]+ ?AT 9 !SE MON?S %E NO LONG]' BELONGS TO H]SELF1 %E IS S]V+ ! COLLECTIVE1 0PRODUC+0 FROM HEX [N FLE% & BLOOD A NEW UNIT ( LABOR1 A NEW MEMB] ( ! LABOR REPUBLIC4 ,! WOMAN'S SECOND OBLIGATION IS TO BREA/-FE$ H] BABY2 ONLY :5 %E HAS DONE ?IS DOES ! WOMAN HAVE ! RI<T TO SAY ?AT %E HAS FULFILL$ H] OBLIGATIONS4 ,! O!R TASKS 9VOLV$ 9 C>+ = ! Y\NG] G5]ATION CAN BE C>RI$ \T BY ! COLLECTIVE1 ( C\RSE ! MAT]NAL 9/9CT IS /RONG1 & !RE IS NO NE$ TO /IFLE IT4 ,BUT :Y %\LD ?IS 9/9CT BE N>R[LY LIMIT$ TO ! LOVE & C>E ( ONE'S [N *ILD8 ,:Y NOT ALL[ ?IS 9/9CT1 :I* = ! LABOR REPUBLIC HAS VALUABLE POT5TIAL1 ! OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP VIGOR\SLY & TO REA* ITS HI<E/ /AGE1 :]E ! WOMAN NOT ONLY C>ES = H] [N *ILDR5 BUT HAS A T5D] AFFECTION = ALL *ILDR58 

,! SLOGAN ADVANC$ BY ! LABOR REPUBLIC1 0,BE A MO!R NOT ONLY TO Y\R *ILD1 BUT TO ALL ! *ILDR5 ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS10 MU/ %[ ! WORK+ WOMAN A NEW APPROA* TO MO!RHOOD4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 9/ANCES :]E A MO!R1 EV5 A COMMUNI/ MO!R1 REFUSES TO BREA/-FE$ A BABY ?AT IS SUFF]+ FROM A LACK ( MILK1 ONLY BECAUSE IT IS NOT 0H]0 BABY4 ,IS SU* BEHAVIOR P]MISSIBLE8 ,FUTURE SOCIETY1 ) ITS COMMUNI/ EMOTION & UND]/&+1 WILL BE AS AMAZ$ AT SU* EGOI/IC & ANTI-SOCIAL ACTS AS WE >E :5 WE READ ( ! WOMAN 9 PREHI/ORIC SOCIETY :O LOV$ H] [N *ILD BUT F\ND ! APPETITE TO EAT ! *ILD ( ANO!R TRIBE4 ,OR TO TAKE ANO!R CASE1 EXAMPLES ( :I* AB\ND3 A MO!R DEPRIVES H] BABY ( MILK 9 ORD] TO SAVE H]SELF ! BO!R ( C>+ = IT4 ,& CAN WE ALL[ ! NUMB] ( F\NDL+S 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA TO CONT9UE GR[+ AT ! PRES5T RATE8 

,!SE PROBLEMS1 IT IS TRUE1 D]IVE FROM ! FACT ?AT ! QUE/ION ( MO!RHOOD IS BE+ TACKL$ BUT HAS NOT YET BE5 COMPLETELY SOLV$4 ,9 ?IS DIFFICULT TRANSITION P]IOD !RE >E HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( WOM5 :O >E EXHAU/$ BY ! DUAL BURD5 ( HIR$ LABOR & MAT]NITY4 ,!RE >E NOT 5\< CRE*ES1 *ILDR5'S HOMES & MAT]NITY HOMES1 & ! F9ANCIAL PROVISIONS DO NOT KEEP PACE ) ! PRICE RISES ( GOODS ON ! FREE M>KET4 ,CONSEQU5TLY WORK+ WOM5 >E AFRAID ( MO!RHOOD & AB&ON !IR *ILDR54 ,! GR[? 9 ! NUMB] ( F\NDL+S1 H[EV]1 IS ALSO EVID5CE ?AT NOT ALL WOM5 9 ! LABOR REPUBLIC HAVE YET GRASP$ ! FACT ?AT MO!RHOOD IS NOT A PRIVATE MATT] BUT A SOCIAL OBLIGATION4 ,Y\ :O WORK AMONG WOM5 WILL HAVE TO DISCUSS ?IS QUE/ION & EXPLA9 TO WORK+ WOM51 PEASANT WOM5 & (FICE WORK]S ! OBLIGATIONS ( MO!RHOOD 9 ! NEW SITUATION ( ! LABOR REPUBLIC4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 WE OBVI\SLY HAVE TO /EP UP ! WORK ( DEVELOP+ ! SY/EM ( MAT]NITY PROTECTION & SOCIAL UPBR++4 ,! EASI] IT BECOMES = MO!RS TO COMB9E WORK & MAT]NITY1 ! FEW] F\NDL+S !RE WILL BE4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY PO9T$ \T ?AT MAT]NITY DOES NOT 9VOLVE ! MO!R ALWAYS BE+ ) ! *ILD OR DEVOT+ H]SELF 5TIRELY TO ITS PHYSICAL & MORAL $UCATION4 ,! OBLIGATION ( ! MO!R TO H] *ILDR5 IS TO 5SURE ?AT A HEAL?Y & NORMAL ATMOSPH]E IS PROVID$ = !IR GR[? & DEVELOPM5T4 ,9 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY WE ALWAYS F9D ?AT IT IS ! *ILDR5 ( ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES :O >E HEAL?Y & FL\RI%+1 & NEV] ! *ILDR5 ( ! POOR4 ,H[ DO WE EXPLA9 ?IS8 ,IS IT BECAUSE B\RGEOIS MO!RS DEVOT$ !MSELVES 5TIRELY TO ! $UCATION ( !IR *ILDR58 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,B\RGEOIS MAMAS W]E V]Y WILL+ TO PLACE !IR *ILDR5 9 ! C>E ( HIR$ LABOR]S3 NANNIES & GOV]NESSES4 ,ONLY 9 POOR FAMILIES DO MO!RS !MSELVES BE> ALL ! H>D%IPS ( MAT]NITY2 ! *ILDR5 >E ) !IR MO!RS1 BUT !Y DIE LIKE FLIES4 ,!RE CAN BE NO QUE/ION ( A NORMAL UPBR++3 ! MO!R DOES NOT HAVE ! TIME1 & SO ! *ILDR5 >E $UCAT$ ON ! /REET4 ,EV]Y MO!R ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASS HURRIES TO %IFT AT LEA/ A P>T ( *ILD-C>E ON TO SOCIETY2 %E S5DS ! *ILD TO A K9D]G>T51 TO S*OOL OR TO A SUMM] CAMP4 ,! S5SIBLE MO!R KN[S ?AT SOCIAL $UCATION GIVES ! *ILD SOME?+ ?AT ! MO/ EXCLUSIVE MAT]NAL LOVE CANNOT GIVE1 9 ! PROSP]\S CIRCLES ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 :]E GREAT SIGNIFICANCE IS ATTA*$ TO GIV+ ! *ILDR5 A PROP] $UCATION 9 ! B\RGEOIS SPIRIT1 P>5TS GIVE !IR *ILDR5 9TO ! C>E ( TRA9$ NANNIES1 DOCTORS & P$AGOGUES4 ,HIR$ P]SONNEL TAKE OV] ! ROLE ( ! MO!R 9 SUP]VIS+ ! PHYSICAL C>E & MORAL $UCATION ( ! *ILD1 & ! MO!R IS LEFT ) ! ONE NATURAL & 9ALI5ABLE RI<T3 TO GIVE BIR? TO ! *ILD4 

,! LABOR REPUBLIC DOES NOT TAKE *ILDR5 AWAY FROM !IR MO!RS BY =CE AS ! B\RGEOIS C\NTRIES HAVE MADE \T 9 TALES AB\T ! HORRORS ( ! 0,BOL%EVIK REGIME02 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! LABOR REPUBLIC TRIES TO CREATE 9/ITUTIONS :I* W\LD GIVE ALL WOM51 & NOT JU/ ! RI*1 ! OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE !IR *ILDR5 BR\<T UP 9 A HEAL?Y1 JOYFUL ATMOSPH]E4 ,9/EAD ( ! MO!R ANXI\SLY ?RU/+ H] *ILD 9TO ! C>E ( A HIR$ NANNY1 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA WANTS ! WORK+ OR PEASANT WOMAN TO BE ABLE TO GO TO WORK1 CALM 9 ! KN[L$GE ?AT H] *ILD IS SAFE 9 ! EXP]T H&S ( A CRE*E1 A K9D]G>T5 OR A *ILDR5'S HOME4 

,9 ORD] TO PROTECT WOMAN AS ! REPRODUC] ( ! RACE1 ! LABOR REPUBLIC HAS CREAT$ 0MAT]NITY HOMES0 & HAS TRI$ TO OP5 !M :]EV] !Y >E P>TICUL>LY NE$$4 ,9 #aiba WE HAD A HUNDR$ & ?IRTY-FIVE SU* HOMES4 ,!SE HOMES NOT ONLY PROVIDE A REFUGE = ! S+LE WOMAN 9 ?IS MO/ S]I\S P]IOD ( H] LIFE1 BUT ALL[ ! M>RI$ WOM5 TO GET AWAY FROM HOME & FAMILY & ! PETTY C>ES ( ! DOME/IC R\ND & TO DEVOTE ALL H] ATT5TION TO REGA9+ /R5G? AFT] ! BIR? & TO LOOK+ AFT] H] *ILD 9 ! FIR/1 MO/ IMPORTANT WEEKS4 ,LAT] ON ! MO!R IS NOT ESS5TIAL TO ! *ILD1 BUT 9 ! FIR/ WEEKS !RE IS /ILL1 AS IT W]E1 A PHYSIOLOGICAL TIE BETWE5 MO!R & *ILD4 & DUR+ ?IS P]IOD ! SEP>ATION ( MO!R & *ILD IS NOT ADVISABLE4 ,Y\ KN[ Y\RSELVES1 COMRADES1 H[ WILL+LY WORK+ WOM5 & EV5 ! WIVES ( IMPORTANT FUNCTION>IES TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ! MAT]NITY HOMES4 :]E !Y F9D LOV+ ATT5TION & PEACE4 ,WE DO NOT HAVE TO USE AGITATIONAL ME?ODS TO P]SUADE WOM5 TO USE ! MAT]NITY HOMES4 ,\R PROBLEM IS ?AT ! MAT]IAL RES\RCES ( ,RUSSIA >E SO LIMIT$2 WE >E POOR1 & ?IS MAKES IT DIFFICULT = US TO EXT5D \R NETWORK TO COV] ! 5TIRE >EA ( LABOR ,RUSSIA ) SU*1 0AID /ATIONS0 = WORK+ WOM5 & PEASANT WOM54 ,!RE >E1 UN=TUNATELY1 /ILL NO MAT]NITY HOMES AT ALL 9 ! RURAL REGIONS1 & 9 G5]AL WE HAVE DONE LEA/ ( ALL TO HELP ! PEASANT MO!RS4 ,9 FACT1 ALL WE HAVE DONE = !M IS TO ORGANIZE SUMM] CRE*ES4 ,?IS MAKES IT EASI] = ! PEASANT MO!R TO WORK 9 ! FIELDS )\T H] BABY SUFF]+ 9 ANY WAY4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( #a#i#b#a1 #fhi SU* CRE*ES1 PROVID+ = #c#b1#a#h *ILDR51 W]E OP5$4 ,= MO!RS WORK+ 9 FACTORIES & (FICES1 CRE*ES HAVE BE5 SET UP AT FACTORIES & 9/ITUTIONS1 & ALSO AT A DI/RICT & T[N LEVEL4 ,I DO NOT HAVE TO EMPHASIZE ! GREAT SIGNIFICANCE ( !SE CRE*ES = ! MO!RS4 ,! TR\BLE1 IS ?AT WE DO NOT HAVE 5\< ( !M1 & WE CANNOT SATISFY EV5 A T5? ( ! DEM& = SU* AID C5T]S4 

,! NETWORK ( SOCIAL $UCATION ORGANIZATIONS :I* RELIEVE MO!RS ( ! H>D WORK 9VOLV$ 9 C>+ = *ILDR5 9CLUDES1 AP>T FROM ! CRE*ES & ! *ILDR5'S HOMES :I* CAT] = ORPHANS & 1F\NDL+S UP TO ! AGE ( ?REE1 K9D]G>T5S = ! ?REE TO SEV5 YE> OLDS1 *ILDR5'S 0HE>?S0 = *ILDR5 ( S*OOL AGE1 *ILDR5'S CLUBS1 & F9ALLY *ILDR5'S H\SE COMMUNES & *ILDR5'S WORK COLONIES4 ,! SOCIAL $UCATIONAL SY/EM ALSO 9CLUDES FREE MEALS = *ILDR5 ( PRES*OOL & S*OOL AGE1 ,V]A ,VELI*K9A 7,BON*-,BRUYEVI*71 A REVOLUTION>Y TO ! 5D ( H] LIFE1 F\<T V]Y H>D = ?IS MEASURE1 ! 9TRODUCTION ( :I* HAS AS Y\ KN[ HELP$ US A GREAT DEAL 9 ! H>D YE>S ( ! CIVIL W>1 & HAS SAV$ MANY *ILDR5 ( ! PROLET>IAT FROM EMACIATION & DEA? FROM />VATION4 ,! CONC]N ( ! /ATE = *ILDR5 IS ALSO MANIFE/ 9 ! PROVISION ( FREE MILK1 SPECIAL FOOD RATIONS = ! Y\NG1 & CLO!S & FOOTWE> = *ILDR5 19 NE$4 ,ALL !SE PROJECTS >E F> FROM HAV+ BE5 REALIZ$ 9 FULL2 9 PRACTICE WE HAVE COV]$ ONLY A N>R[ SECTION ( ! POPULATION4 ,H[EV]1 WE HAVE SO F> FAIL$ TO RELIEVE ! C\PLE FROM ALL ! DIFFICULTIES ( BR++ UP *ILDR51 NOT BECAUSE WE HAVE TAK5 ! WRONG C\RSE BUT BECAUSE \R POV]TY PREV5TS US FROM FULFILL+ ALL ?AT ,SOVIET P[] HAS PLANN$4 ,! G5]AL DIRECTION ( ! POLICY ON MAT]NITY IS CORRECT4 ,BUT \R LACK ( RES\RCES H9D]S US4 ,SO F>1 EXP]IM5TS HAVE ONLY BE5 C>RI$ \T AT A FAIRLY MODE/ LEVEL4 ,EV5 SO1 !Y HAVE GIV5 RESULTS & HAVE REVOLUTIONIZ$ FAMILY LIFE1 9TRODUC+ FUNDAM5TAL *ANGES 9 ! RELATION%IPS BETWE5 ! SEXES4 ,?IS IS A QUE/ION WE WILL DISCUSS 9 ! FOLL[+ TALK4 

,! TASK ( ,SOVIET P[] IS ?US TO PROVIDE CONDITIONS = ! WOMAN :]E H] LABOR WILL NOT BE SP5T ON NONPRODUCTIVE WORK AB\T ! HOME & LOOK+ AFT] *ILDR5 BUT ON ! CREATION ( NEW WEAL? = ! /ATE1 = ! LABOR COLLECTIVE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IT IS IMPORTANT TO PRES]VE NOT ONLY ! 9T]E/S ( ! WOMAN BUT ALSO ! LIFE ( ! *ILD1 & ?IS IS TO BE DONE BY GIV+ ! WOMAN ! OPPORTUNITY TO COMB9E LABOR & MAT]NITY4 ,SOVIET P[] TRIES TO CREATE A SITUATION :]E A WOMAN DOES NOT HAVE TO CL+ TO A MAN %E HAS GR[N TO LOA! ONLY BECAUSE %E HAS NO:]E ELSE TO GO ) H] *ILDR51 & :]E A WOMAN ALONE DOES NOT HAVE TO FE> H] LIFE & ! LIFE ( H] *ILD4 ,9 ! LABOR REPUBLIC IT IS NOT ! PHILAN?ROPI/S ) !IR HUMILIAT+ *>ITY BUT ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 FELL[-CREATORS ( ! NEW SOCIETY1 :O HA/5 TO HELP ! WORK+ WOMAN & /RIVE TO LI<T5 ! BURD5 ( MO!RHOOD4 ,! WOMAN :O BE>S ! TRIALS & TRIBULATIONS ( RECON/RUCT+ ! ECONOMY ON AN EQUAL FOOT+ ) ! MAN1 & :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! CIVIL W>1 HAS A RI<T TO DEM& ?AT 9 ?IS MO/ IMPORTANT H\R ( H] LIFE1 AT ! MOM5T :5 %E PRES5TS SOCIETY ) A NEW MEMB]1 ! LABOR REPUBLIC1 ! COLLECTIVE1 %\LD TAKE UPON ITSELF ! JOB ( C>+ = ! FUTURE ( ! NEW CITIZ54 

,RUSSIA N[ HAS #ebd PROTECTION ( MO!RHOOD & SOCIAL $UCATION SECTIONS4 ,?IS IS1 NEV]!LESS1 9SUFFICI5T4 ,! TRANSITIONAL NATURE ( ! DICTATOR%IP PLACES WOM5 9 A P>TICUL>LY DIFFICULT SITUATION2 ! OLD IS DE/ROY$ BUT ! NEW HAS NOT YET BE5 CREAT$4 ,! P>TY & ,SOVIET P[] MU/ DUR+ ?IS P]IOD PAY 9CREAS+ ATT5TION TO ! PROBLEM ( MAT]NITY & ! ME?ODS ( SOLV+ IT4 ,IF CORRECT ANSW]S >E F\ND TO !SE QUE/IONS1 NOT ONLY WOM5 BUT ALSO ! NATIONAL ECONOMY WILL GA94 

,I W\LD LIKE TO SAY A FEW WORDS AB\T A QUE/ION :I* IS CLOSELY CONNECT$ ) ! PROBLEM ( MAT]NITY - ! QUE/ION ( ABORTION1 & ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA'S ATTITUDE TO IT4 ,ON #b ,NOVEMB] #aib ! LABOR REPUBLIC ISSU$ A LAW ABOLI%+ ! P5ALTIES ?AT HAD BE5 ATTA*$ TO ABORTION4 ,:AT IS ! REASON+ BEH9D ?IS NEW ATTITUDE8 ,RUSSIA1 AFT] ALL1 SUFF]S NOT FROM AN OV]PRODUCTION ( LIV+ LABOR BUT RA!R FROM A LACK ( IT4 ,RUSSIA IS ?9LY1 NOT D5SELY POPULAT$4 ,EV]Y UNIT ( LABOR P[] IS PRECI\S4 ,:Y !N HAVE WE DECL>$ ABORTION TO BE NO LONG] A CRIM9AL (F5SE8 ,HYPOCRISY & BIGOTRY >E ALI5 TO PROLET>IAN POLITICS4 ,ABORTION IS A PROBLEM CONNECT$ ) ! PROBLEM ( MAT]NITY1 & LIKEWISE D]IVES FROM ! 9SECURE POSITION ( WOM5 7WE >E NOT SPEAK+ H]E ( ! B\RGEOIS CLASS1 :]E ABORTION HAS O!R REASONS - ! RELUCTANCE TO 0DIVIDE0 AN 9H]ITANCE1 TO SUFF] ! SLI<TE/ DISCOM=T1 TO SPOIL ONE'S FIGURE OR MISS A FEW MON?S ( ! SEASON ETC47 

,ABORTION EXI/S & FL\RI%ES EV]Y:]E1 & NO LAWS OR PUNITIVE MEASURES HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 ROOT+ IT \T4 ,A WAY R\ND ! LAW IS ALWAYS F\ND4 ,BUT 0SECRET HELP0 ONLY CRIPPLES WOM52 !Y BECOME A BURD5 ON ! LABOR GOV]NM5T1 & ! SIZE ( ! LABOR =CE IS R$UC$4 ,ABORTION1 :5 C>RI$ \T UND] PROP] M$ICAL CONDITIONS1 IS LESS H>MFUL & DANG]\S1 & ! WOMAN CAN GET BACK TO WORK QUICK]4 ,SOVIET P[] REALIZES ?AT ! NE$ = ABORTION WILL ONLY DISAPPE> ON ! ONE H& :5 ,RUSSIA HAS A BROAD & DEVELOP$ NETWORK ( 9/ITUTIONS PROTECT+ MO!RHOOD & PROVID+ SOCIAL $UCATION1 & ON ! O!R H& :5 WOM5 UND]/& ?AT *ILDBIR? IS A SOCIAL OBLIGATION2 ,SOVIET P[] HAS !RE=E ALL[$ ABORTION TO BE P]=M$ OP5LY & 9 CL9ICAL CONDITIONS4 

,BESIDES ! L>GE-SCALE DEVELOPM5T ( MO!RHOOD PROTECTION1 ! TASK ( LABOR ,RUSSIA IS TO /R5G!N 9 WOM5 ! HEAL?Y 9/9CT ( MO!RHOOD1 TO MAKE MO!RHOOD & LABOR = ! COLLECTIVE COMPATIBLE & ?US DO AWAY ) ! NE$ = ABORTION4 ,?IS IS ! APPROA* ( ! LABOR REPUBLIC TO ! QUE/ION ( ABORTION1 :I* /ILL FACES WOM5 9 ! B\RGEOIS C\NTRIES 9 ALL ITS MAGNITUDE4 ,9 !SE C\NTRIES WOM5 >E EXHAU/$ BY ! DUAL BURD5 ( HIR$ LABOR = CAPITAL & MO!RHOOD4 ,9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA ! WORK+ WOMAN & PEASANT WOMAN >E HELP+ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO BUILD A NEW SOCIETY & TO UND]M9E ! OLD WAY ( LIFE ?AT HAS 5SLAV$ WOM54 ,AS SOON AS WOMAN IS VIEW$ AS BE+ ESS5TIALLY A LABOR UNIT1 ! KEY TO ! SOLUTION ( ! COMPLEX QUE/ION ( MAT]NITY CAN BE F\ND4 ,9 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 :]E H\SEWORK COMPLEM5TS ! SY/EM ( CAPITALI/ ECONOMY & PRIVATE PROP]TY CREATES A /ABLE BASIS = ! ISOLAT$ =M ( ! FAMILY1 !RE IS NO WAY \T = ! WORK+ WOMAN4 ,! EMANCIPATION ( WOM5 CAN ONLY BE COMPLET$ :5 A FUNDAM5TAL TRANS=MATION ( LIV+ IS EFFECT$2 & LIFE-/YLES WILL *ANGE ONLY ) ! FUNDAM5TAL TRANS=MATION ( ALL PRODUCTION & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A COMMUNI/ ECONOMY4 ,! REVOLUTION 9 EV]YDAY LIFE IS UNFOLD+ BE=E \R V]Y EYES1 & 9 ?IS PROCESS ! LIB]ATION ( WOM5 IS BE+ 9TRODUC$ 9 PRACTICE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #d1 #bba 3 ,! ,LAB\R ( ,WOM5 9 ! ,EVOLUTION ( ! ,ECONOMY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,! ,LAB\R ( ,WOM5 9 ! ,EVOLUTION ( ! ,ECONOMY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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