,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a1 ,SECTION #b 

#aheeahee 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LYS&] ,SPOON] 

,TEXT 3 

,S,E,C,T,I,O,N ,I,I4 

,:AT IS ,WEAL?8 

,WEAL? IS ANY ?+1 ?AT IS1 OR CAN BE MADE1 VALUABLE TO MAN1 OR AVAILABLE = HIS USE4 

,! T]M WEAL? PROP]LY 9CLUDES EV]Y CONCEIVABLE OBJECT1 IDEA1 & S5SATION1 ?AT CAN EI!R CONTRIBUTE TO1 OR CON/ITUTE1 ! PHYSICAL1 9TELLECTUAL1 MORAL1 OR EMOTIONAL WELL-BE+ ( MAN4 

,LI<T1 AIR1 WAT]1 E>?1 VEGETATION1 M9]ALS1 ANIMALS1 EV]Y MAT]IAL ?+1 LIV+ OR DEAD1 ANIMATE OR 9ANIMATE1 ?AT CAN AID1 9 ANY WAY1 ! COM=T1 HAPP9ESS1 OR WELF>E ( MAN1 >E WEAL?4 

,?+S 9TANGIBLE & IMP]CEPTIBLE BY \R PHYSICAL ORGANS1 & P]CEPTIBLE ONLY BY ! 9TELLECT1 OR FELT ONLY BY ! AFFECTIONS1 >E WEAL?4 ,?US LIB]TY IS WEAL?2 OPPORTUNITY IS WEAL?2 MOTION OR LABOR IS WEAL?2 RE/ IS WEAL?2 REPUTATION IS WEAL?2 LOVE IS WEAL?2 SYMPA?Y IS WEAL?2 HOPE IS WEAL?2 KN[L$GE IS WEAL?2 TRU? IS WEAL?2 = ! SIMPLE REASON ?AT !Y ALL CONTRIBUTE TO1 OR CON/ITUTE 9 P>T1 A MAN'S WELL-BE+4 

,ALL A MAN'S FACULTIES1 PHYSICAL1 9TELLECTUAL1 MORAL1 & AFFECTIONAL1 :]EBY HE EI!R PROCURES1 OR 5JOYS1 HAPP9ESS1 >E WEAL?4 

,HAPP9ESS ITSELF IS WEAL?4 ,IT IS ! HI<E/ WEAL?4 ,IT IS ! ULTIMATE WEAL?1 :I* IT IS ! OBJECT ( ALL O!R WEAL? TO PROCURE4 

,9ASMU* AS ANY GIV5 ?+ IS WEAL?1 BECAUSE1 & SOLELY BECAUSE1 IT MAY CONTRIBUTE TO1 OR CON/ITUTE1 ! HAPP9ESS OR WELL-BE+ ( MAN1 IT FOLL[S ?AT EV]Y ?+1 ?AT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO1 OR CON/ITUTE1 HIS HAPP9ESS OR WELL-BE+1 IS NECESS>ILY WEAL?4 

,! QUE/ION :E!R A GIV5 ?+ BE1 OR BE NOT WEAL?1 DOES NOT !RE=E DEP5D AT ALL UPON ITS BE+ TANGIBLE OR P]CEPTIBLE BY \R PHYSICAL ORGANS2 BECAUSE ITS CAPACITY TO CONTRIBUTE TO1 OR CON/ITUTE1 ! HAPP9ESS ( MAN1 DOES NOT DEP5D AT ALL UPON ITS BE+ ?US TANGIBLE OR P]CEPTIBLE4 ,?+S 9TANGIBLE & IMP]CEPTIBLE BY \R PHYSICAL ORGANS1 AS LIB]TY1 REPUTATION1 LOVE1 & TRU?1 = EXAMPLE1 HAVE AS CLE>LY A CAPACITY TO CONTRIBUTE TO1 & CON/ITUTE1 ! HAPP9ESS & WELL-BE+ ( MAN1 AS HAVE ANY ( ?OSE ?+S ?AT >E ?US TANGIBLE & P]CEPTIBLE4 

,ANO!R REASON :Y TANGIBILITY & P]CEPTIBILITY BY \R PHYSICAL ORGANS1 >E NO CRIT]IA ( WEAL?1 IS1 ?AT IT REALLY IS NOT \R PHYSICAL ORGANS1 BUT ! M9D1 & ONLY ! M9D1 ?AT TAKES COGNIZANCE EV5 ( MAT]IAL OBJECTS4 ,WE >E 9 ! HABIT ( SAY+ ?AT ! EYE SEES ANY MAT]IAL OBJECT4 ,BUT1 9 REALITY1 IT IS ONLY ! M9D ?AT SEES IT4 ,! M9D SEES IT ?R\< ! EYE4 ,IT USES ! EYE M]ELY AS AN 9/RUM5TALITY = SEE+ IT4 ,AN EYE1 )\T A M9D1 C\LD SEE NO?+4 ,SO ALSO IT IS ) ! H&1 AS IT IS ) ! EYE4 ,WE >E 9 ! HABIT ( SAY+ ?AT ! H& T\*ES ANY MAT]IAL ?+4 ,BUT1 9 REALITY1 IT IS ONLY ! M9D1 ?AT P]CEIVES ! CONTACT1 OR TAKES COGNIZANCE ( ! T\*4 ,! H&1 )\T ! M9D1 C\LD FEEL NO?+1 & TAKE COGNIZANCE ( NO?+1 IT %\LD COME 9 CONTACT )4 ,! M9D SIMPLY USES ! H&1 AS AN 9/RUM5T = T\*+2 JU/ AS IT USES ! EYE1 AS AN 9/RUM5T = SEE+4 ,IT IS1 !RE=E1 ONLY ! M9D1 ?AT TAKES COGNIZANCE ( ANY ?+ MAT]IAL4 ,& EV]Y ?+1 ( :I* ! M9D DOES TAKE COGNIZANCE1 IS EQUALLY WEAL?1 :E!R IT BE MAT]IAL OR IMMAT]IAL2 :E!R IT BE TANGIBLE OR P]CEPTIBLE1 ?R\< ! 9/RUM5TALITY ( \R PHYSICAL ORGANS1 OR NOT4 ,IT W\LD BE ABSURD TO SAY ?AT ONE ?+ WAS WEAL?1 BECAUSE ! M9D WAS OBLIG$ TO USE SU* MAT]IAL 9/RUM5TS AS ! H&1 OR ! EYE1 TO P]CEIVE IT2 & ?AT ANO!R ?+1 AS AN IDEA1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS NOT WEAL?1 SIMPLY BECAUSE ! M9D C\LD P]CEIVE IT )\T US+ ANY MAT]IAL 9/RUM5TS4 

,IT IS PLA91 !RE=E1 ?AT AN IDEA1 :I* ! M9D P]CEIVES1 )\T ! 9/RUM5TALITY ( \R PHYSICAL ORGANS1 IS AS CLE>LY WEAL?1 AS IS A H\SE1 OR A HORSE1 OR ANY MAT]IAL ?+1 :I* ! M9D SEES BY ! AID ( ! EYE1 OR T\*ES ?R\< ! 9/RUM5TALITY ( ! H&4 ,! CAPACITY ( ! ?+1 :E!R IT BE A HORSE1 A H\SE1 OR AN IDEA1 TO CONTRIBUTE TO1 OR CON/ITUTE1 ! WELL-BE+ ( MAN1 IS ! ONLY CRIT]ION BY :I* TO DET]M9E :E!R OR NOT IT BE WEAL?2 & NOT ITS TANGIBILITY OR P]CEPTIBILITY1 ?R\< ! AG5CY ( \R PHYSICAL ORGANS4 

,AN IDEA1 !N1 IS WEAL?4 ,IT IS EQUALLY WEAL?1 :E!R IT BE REG>D$1 AS SOME IDEAS MAY BE1 SIMPLY AS1 9 ITSELF1 AN OBJECT ( 5JOYM5T1 REFLECTION1 M$ITATION1 & ?US A DIRECT S\RCE ( HAPP9ESS2 OR :E!R IT BE REG>D$1 AS O!R IDEAS MAY BE1 SIMPLY AS A MEANS TO BE US$ = ACQUIR+ O!R WEAL?1 9TELLECTUAL1 MORAL1 AFFECTIONAL1 OR MAT]IAL4 

,AN IDEA IS SELF-EVID5TLY WEAL?1 :5 IT IMP>TS HAPP9ESS DIRECTLY4 ,IT IS WEAL?1 BECAUSE IT IMP>TS HAPP9ESS4 ,IT IS ALSO EQUALLY WEAL?1 :5 IT IS US$ AS AN 9/RUM5T OR MEANS ( CREAT+ OR ACQUIR+ O!R WEAL?4 ,IT IS !N AS CLE>LY WEAL?1 AS IS ANY O!R 9/RUM5TALITY = ACQUIR+ WEAL?4 

,! IDEA1 AFT] :I* A MA*9E IS FA%ION$1 IS AS CLE>LY WEAL?1 AS IS ! MAT]IAL ( :I* ! MA*9E IS COMPOS$4 ,! IDEA IS ! LIFE ( ! MA*9E1 )\T :I*1 ! MA*9E W\LD BE 9OP]ATIVE1 P[]LESS1 & 9CAPABLE ( PRODUC+ WEAL?4 

,! PLAN AFT] :I* A H\SE IS BUILT1 IS AS MU* WEAL?1 AS IS ! MAT]IAL ( :I* ! H\SE IS CON/RUCT$4 ,)\T ! PLAN1 ! MAT]IAL W\LD HAVE FAIL$ TO FURNI% %ELT] OR COM=T TO ! [N]4 ,IT W\LD HAVE FAIL$ TO BE A H\SE4 

,! IDEA1 OR DESIGN1 AFT] :I* A TELESCOPE IS CON/RUCT$1 IS AS MU* WEAL?1 AS >E ! MAT]IALS ( :I* ! TELESCOPE IS COMPOS$4 ,)\T ! IDEA1 ! MAT]IALS W\LD HAVE FAIL$ TO AID M5 9 !IR EXAM9ATION ( ! HEAV5S4 

,! DESIGN1 AFT] :I* A PICTURE IS DRAWN1 IS AS CLE>LY WEAL?1 AS IS ! CANVAS ON :I* IT IS DRAWN1 OR ! PA9T ) :I* IT IS DRAWN4 ,)\T ! DESIGN1 ! CANVAS & ! PA9T C\LD HAVE DONE NO?+ T[>DS PRODUC+ ! PICTURE1 :I* IS N[ SO VALUABLE4 

,! SAME PR9CIPLE GOV]NS 9 EV]Y DEP>TM5T & V>IETY ( 9DU/RY4 ,AN IDEA IS EV]Y :]E & ALWAYS ! GUIDE ( LABOR1 9 ! PRODUCTION & ACQUISITION ( WEAL?2 & ! IDEA1 ?AT GUIDES LABOR1 9 ! PRODUCTION OR ACQUISITION ( WEAL?1 IS ITSELF AS OBVI\SLY WEAL?1 AS IS ! LABOR1 OR AS IS ANY O!R 9/RUM5TALITY1 AG5CY1 OBJECT1 OR ?+ :ATEV]1 :E!R MAT]IAL OR IMMAT]IAL1 ?AT AIDS 9 ! PRODUCTION OR ACQUISITION ( WEAL?4 

,TO ILLU/RATE--,! COMPASS & RUDD]1 ?AT >E EMPLOY$ 9 GUID+ A %IP1 & )\T :I* ! %IP W\LD BE USELESS1 >E AS MU* WEAL?1 AS IS ! %IP ITSELF1 OR AS IS ! FREI<T :I* ! %IP IS TO C>RY4 ,BUT IT IS PLA9 ?AT ! M9D1 ?AT OBS]VES ! COMPASS1 & ! ?\<T1 ?AT IMPELS & GUIDES ! H& ?AT MOVES ! RUDD]1 >E ALSO AS MU* WEAL?1 AS >E ! COMPASS & RUDD] !MSELVES4 

,SO ! ?\<T1 ?AT GUIDES ! H& 9 LABOR1 IS EV] AS CLE>LY WEAL?1 AS IS ! H& ITSELF2 OR AS IS ! MAT]IAL1 ON :I* ! H& IS MADE TO LABOR2 OR AS IS ! COMMODITY1 :I* ! H& IS MADE TO PRODUCE4 ,BUT = ! ?\<T1 ?AT GUIDES ! H&1 ! COMMODITY W\LD NOT BE PRODUC$2 ! LABOR ( ! H& W\LD BE FRUITLESS1 & !RE=E VALUELESS4 

,EV]Y ?+1 !RE=E--:E!R 9TELLECTUAL1 MORAL1 OR MAT]IAL1 H[EV] GROSS1 OR H[EV] SUBTILE2 :E!R TANGIBLE OR 9TANGIBLE1 P]CEPTIBLE OR IMP]CEPTIBLE1 BY \R PHYSICAL ORGANS--( :I* ! HUMAN M9D CAN TAKE COGNIZANCE1 & :I*1 EI!R AS A MEANS1 OCCASION1 OR 5D1 CAN EI!R CONTRIBUTE TO1 OR ( ITSELF CON/ITUTE1 ! WELL-BE+ ( MAN1 IS WEAL?4 

,MANK9D1 9 !IR DEAL+S ) EA* O!R1 9 !IR PUR*ASES1 & 9 !IR SALES1 BO? TACITLY & EXPRESSLY ACKN[L$GE & ACT UPON ! PR9CIPLE1 ?AT A ?\<T IS WEAL?2 ?AT IT IS A WEAL? :OSE VALUE IS TO BE E/IMAT$ & PAID =1 LIKE O!R WEAL?4 ,?US A MA*9E IS VALUABLE 9 ! M>KET1 ACCORD+ TO ! IDEA1 AFT] :I* IT IS FA%ION$4 ,! PLAN1 AFT] :I* A H\SE IS BUILT1 5T]S 9TO ! M>KET VALUE ( ! H\SE4 ,! DESIGN1 AFT] :I* A PICTURE IS DRAWN1 & ! SKILL ) :I* IT IS DRAWN1 5T] 9TO1 & MA9LY CON/ITUTE1 ! M]CANTILE VALUE ( ! PICTURE ITSELF4 ,! CANVAS & ! PA9T1 AS SIMPLE MAT]IALS1 >E WOR?--9 COMP>ISON ) ! ?\<T & SKILL EMBODI$ 9 ! PICTURE--ONLY AS ONE TO AN HUNDR$1 A ?\S&1 OR T5 ?\S&4 

,MANK9D1 IGNORANT & 5LI<T5$1 SAVAGE & CIVILIZ$1 ) NE>LY UNBROK5 UNIV]SALITY1 REG>D IDEAS1 ?\<TS1 & EMOTIONS1 AS ! MO/ VALUABLE WEAL? !Y CAN EI!R POSSESS = !MSELVES1 OR GIVE TO !IR *ILDR54 ,!Y VALUE !M1 BO? AS DIRECT S\RCES ( HAPP9ESS1 & AS AIDS TO ! ACQUISITION ( O!R WEAL?4 ,!Y >E1 !RE=E1 ALL ASSIDU\SLY 5GAG$ 9 ACQUIR+ IDEAS1 = !IR [N 5JOYM5T & USE1 & IMP>T+ !M TO !IR *ILDR51 = !IR 5JOYM5T & USE4 ,!Y VOLUNT>ILY EX*ANGE !IR [N MAT]IAL WEAL?1 = ! 9TELLECTUAL WEAL? ( O!R M54 ,!Y PAY !IR MONEY = O!R M5'S ?\<TS1 WRITT5 ON PAP]1 OR UTT]$ BY ! VOICE4 ,SO SELF-EVID5T1 9DE$1 IS IT ?AT IDEAS >E WEAL?1 9 ! UNIV]SAL JUDGM5T ( MANK9D1 ?AT IT W\LD HAVE BE5 5TIRELY UNNECESS>Y TO ASS]T & ILLU/RATE ! FACT ?US ELABORATELY1 9 ?IS CONNECTION1 W]E IT NOT ?AT ! PR9CIPLE LIES AT ! F\NDATION ( ALL 9QUIRIES AS TO :AT IS PROP]TY2 &1 AT ! SAME TIME1 IT IS ONE ?AT IS SO UNIV]SALLY1 NATURALLY1 & UNCONSCI\SLY1 RECEIV$ & ACT$ UPON1 9 PRACTICAL LIFE1 ?AT IT IS NEV] EV5 BR\<T 9TO DISPUTE2 M5 DO NOT /OP TO !ORIZE UPON IT2 & !RE=E DO NOT =M ANY SU* DEF9ITE1 EXACT1 OR CLE> IDEAS AB\T IT1 AS >E NECESS>Y TO FURNI%1 OR CON/ITUTE1 ! BASIS1 OR />T+ PO9T1 ( ! SUBSEQU5T 9QUIRIES1 TO :I* ?IS ESSAY IS DEVOT$4 ,= !SE REASONS1 ! PR9CIPLE HAS N[ BE5 /AT$ ?US P>TICUL>LY4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ah$ 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a1 ,SECTION #b -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a1 ,SECTION #b -- ,ADD$4 

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