,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a1 ,SECTION #e 

#aheeahee 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LYS&] ,SPOON] 

,TEXT 3 

,S,E,C,T,I,O,N ,V4 

,:AT ,?+S >E ,SUBJECTS ( ,PROP]TY8 

,EV]Y CONCEIVABLE ?+1 :E!R 9TELLECTUAL1 MORAL1 OR MAT]IAL1 ( :I* ! M9D CAN TAKE COGNIZANCE1 & :I* CAN BE POSSESS$1 HELD1 US$1 CONTROLL$1 & 5JOY$1 BY ONE P]SON1 & NOT1 AT ! SAME 9/ANT ( TIME1 BY ANO!R P]SON1 IS RI<TFULLY A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY4 

,ALL ! WEAL?1 ?AT HAS BE=E BE5 DESCRIB$--?AT IS1 ALL ! ?+S1 9TELLECTUAL1 MORAL1 EMOTIONAL1 OR MAT]IAL1 ?AT CAN CONTRIBUTE TO1 OR CON/ITUTE1 ! HAPP9ESS OR WELL-BE+ ( MAN2 & ?AT CAN BE POSSESS$ BY ONE MAN1 & NOT AT ! SAME TIME BY ANO!R1 IS RI<TFULLY A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY--?AT IS1 ( 9DIVIDUAL [N]%IP1 CONTROL1 DOM9ION1 USE1 & 5JOYM5T4 

,! AIR1 ?AT A MAN 9HALES1 IS HIS1 :ILE IT IS 9HAL$4 ,:5 HE HAS EXHAL$ IT1 IT IS NO LONG] HIS4 ,! AIR ?AT HE MAY 5CLOSE 9 A BOTTLE1 OR 9 HIS DWELL+1 IS HIS1 :ILE IT IS SO 5CLOS$4 ,:5 HE HAS DIS*>G$ IT1 IT IS NO LONG] HIS4 ,! SUN-LI<T1 ?AT FALLS UPON A MAN1 OR UPON HIS L&1 OR ?AT COMES 9TO HIS DWELL+1 IS HIS2 & NO O!R MAN HAS A RI<T TO =BID HIS 5JOYM5T ( IT1 OR COMPEL HIM TO PAY = IT4 

,A MAN'S BODY IS HIS [N4 ,IT IS ! PROP]TY ( HIS M9D4 7,IT IS ! M9D ?AT [NS EV]Y ?+1 ?AT IS PROP]TY4 ,BODIES [N NO?+2 BUT >E !MSELVES SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY--?AT IS1 ( DOM9ION4 ,EA* BODY IS ! PROP]TY--?AT IS1 IS UND] ! DOM9ION--( ! M9D ?AT 9HABITS IT47 ,& NO MAN HAS ! RI<T1 AS BE+ ! PROPRIETOR1 TO TAKE ANO!R MAN'S BODY \T ( ! CONTROL ( HIS M9D4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 NO MAN CAN [N ANO!R MAN'S BODY4 

,ALL A MAN'S 5JOYM5TS1 ALL HIS FEEL+S1 ALL HIS HAPP9ESS1 >E HIS PROP]TY4 ,!Y >E HIS1 & NOT ANO!R MAN'S4 ,!Y BELONG TO HIM1 & NOT TO O!RS4 ,& NO O!R MAN HAS ! RI<T TO =BID HIM TO 5JOY !M1 OR TO COMPEL HIM TO PAY = !M4 ,O!R M5 MAY HAVE 5JOYM5TS1 FEEL+S1 HAPP9ESS1 SIMIL>1 9 !IR NATURE1 TO HIS4 ,BUT !Y CANNOT [N HIS FEEL+S1 HIS 5JOYM5TS1 OR HIS HAPP9ESS4 ,!Y CANNOT1 !RE=E1 RI<TFULLY REQUIRE HIM TO PAY !M = !M1 AS IF !Y W]E !IRS1 & NOT HIS [N4 

,A MAN'S IDEAS >E HIS PROP]TY4 ,!Y >E HIS = 5JOYM5T1 & HIS = USE4 ,O!R M5 DO NOT [N HIS IDEAS4 ,HE HAS A RI<T1 AS AGA9/ ALL O!R M51 TO ABSOLUTE DOM9ION OV] HIS IDEAS4 ,HE HAS A RI<T TO ACT HIS [N JUDGM5T1 & HIS [N PLEASURE1 AS TO GIV+ !M1 OR SELL+ !M TO O!R M54 ,O!R M5 CANNOT CLAIM !M ( HIM1 AS IF !Y W]E !IR PROP]TY1 & NOT HIS2 ANY MORE ?AN !Y CAN CLAIM ANY O!R ?+S :ATEV]1 ?AT >E HIS4 ,IF !Y DESIRE !M1 & HE DOES NOT *OOSE TO GIVE !M TO !M GRATUIT\SLY1 !Y MU/ BUY !M ( HIM1 AS !Y W\LD BUY ANY O!R >TICLES ( PROP]TY :ATEV]4 ,!Y MU/ PAY HIM HIS PRICE = !M1 OR NOT HAVE !M4 ,!Y HAVE NO MORE RI<T TO =CE HIM TO GIVE HIS IDEAS TO !M1 ?AN !Y HAVE TO =CE HIM TO GIVE !M HIS PURSE4 

,MANK9D UNIV]SALLY ACT UPON ?IS PR9CIPLE4 ,NO SANE MAN1 :O ACKN[L$G$ ! RI<T ( 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY 9 ANY ?+1 EV] CLAIM$ ?AT1 AS A NATURAL OR G5]AL PR9CIPLE1 HE WAS ! RI<TFUL [N] ( ! ?\<TS PRODUC$1 & EXCLUSIVELY POSSESS$1 BY O!R M5'S M9DS2 OR DEM&$ !M ON ! GR\ND ( !IR BE+ HIS PROP]TY2 OR D5I$ ?AT !Y W]E ! PROP]TY ( !IR POSSESSORS4 

,IF ! IDEAS1 :I* A MAN HAS PRODUC$1 W]E NOT RI<TFULLY HIS [N1 BUT BELONG$ EQUALLY TO O!R M51 !Y W\LD HAVE ! RI<T IMP]ATIVELY TO REQUIRE HIM TO GIVE HIS IDEAS TO !M1 )\T COMP5SATION2 & IT W\LD BE JU/ & RI<T = !M TO PUNI% HIM AS A CRIM9AL1 IF HE REFUS$4 

,AMONG CIVILIZ$ M51 IDEAS >E COMMON >TICLES ( TRAFFIC4 ,! MORE HI<LY CULTIVAT$ A PEOPLE BECOME1 ! MORE >E ?\<TS B\<T & SOLD4 ,WRIT]S1 ORATORS1 TEA*]S1 ( ALL K9DS1 >E CONT9UALLY SELL+ !IR ?\<TS = MONEY4 ,!Y SELL !IR ?\<TS1 AS O!R M5 SELL !IR MAT]IAL PRODUCTIONS1 = :AT !Y WILL BR+ 9 ! M>KET4 ,! PRICE IS REGULAT$1 NOT SOLELY BY ! 9TR9SIC VALUE ( ! IDEAS !MSELVES1 BUT ALSO1 LIKE ! PRICES ( ALL O!R COMMODITIES1 BY ! SUPPLY & DEM&4 ,ON !SE PR9CIPLES1 ! AU?OR SELLS HIS IDEAS 9 HIS VOLUMES2 ! POET SELLS HIS 9 HIS V]SES2 ! $ITOR SELLS HIS 9 HIS DAILY OR WEEKLY %EETS2 ! /ATESMAN SELLS HIS 9 HIS MESSAGES1 HIS DIPLOMATIC PAP]S1 HIS SPEE*ES1 REPORTS1 & VOTES2 ! JURI/ SELLS HIS 9 HIS JUDGM5TS1 & JUDICIAL OP9IONS2 ! LAWY] SELLS HIS 9 HIS C\NSEL1 & HIS >GUM5TS2 ! PHYSICIAN SELLS HIS 9 HIS ADVICE1 SKILL1 & PRESCRIPTIONS2 ! PREA*] SELLS HIS 9 HIS PRAY]S & S]MONS2 ! TEA*] SELLS HIS 9 HIS 9/RUCTIONS2 ! LECTUR] SELLS HIS 9 HIS LECTURES2 ! >*ITECT SELLS HIS 9 HIS PLANS2 ! >TI/ SELLS HIS 9 ! FIGURE HE HAS 5GRAV5 ON /ONE1 & 9 ! PICTURE HE HAS PA9T$ ON CANVAS4 ,9 PRACTICAL LIFE1 !SE IDEAS >E ALL AS MU* >TICLES ( M]*&ISE1 AS >E H\SES1 & L&S1 & BREAD1 & MEAT1 & CLO?+1 & FUEL4 ,M5 E>N !IR LIV+S1 & SUPPORT !IR FAMILIES1 BY PRODUC+ & SELL+ IDEAS4 ,& NO MAN1 :O HAS ANY RATIONAL IDEAS ( HIS [N1 D\BTS ?AT 9 SO DO+ !Y E>N !IR LIVELIHOOD 9 AS LEGITIMATE A MANN] AS ANY O!R MEMB]S ( SOCIETY E>N !IRS4 ,HE :O PRODUCES FOOD = M5'S M9DS1 GUIDES = !IR H&S 9 LABOR1 & RULES = !IR CONDUCT 9 LIFE1 IS AS M]ITORI\S A PRODUC]1 AS HE :O PRODUCES FOOD OR %ELT] = !IR BODIES4 

,AGA94 ,WE HABITUALLY TALK ( ! IDEAS ( P>TICUL> AU?ORS1 $ITORS1 POETS1 /ATESM51 JUDGES1 LAWY]S1 PHYSICIANS1 PREA*]S1 TEA*]S1 >TI/S1 @&C41 AS BE+ WOR? LESS ?AN ! PRICE ?AT IS ASK$ OR PAID = !M1 9 P>TICUL> 9/ANCES2 & ( O!R M5'S IDEAS1 AS BE+ WOR? MORE ?AN ! PRICE ?AT IS PAID = !M1 9 P>TICUL> 9/ANCES2 JU/ AS WE TALK ( O!R & MAT]IAL COMMODITIES1 AS BE+ WOR? LESS OR MORE ?AN ! PRICES AT :I* !Y >E SOLD4 ,WE ?US RECOGNIZE IDEAS AS BE+ LEGITIMATE >TICLES ( TRAFFIC1 & AS HAV+ A REGUL> M>KET VALUE1 LIKE O!R COMMODITIES4 

,BECAUSE ALL M5 GIVE MORE OR LESS ( !IR ?\<TS GRATUIT\SLY TO !IR FELL[ M51 9 CONV]SATION1 OR O!RWISE1 IT DOES NOT FOLL[ AT ALL ?AT !IR ?\<TS >E NOT !IR PROP]TY1 :I* !Y HAVE A NATURAL RI<T TO SET !IR [N PRICE UPON1 & TO )HOLD FROM O!R M51 UNLESS ! PRICE BE PAID4 ,!IR ?\<TS >E ?US GIV5 GRATUIT\SLY1 OR 9 EX*ANGE = O!R M5'S ?\<TS1 7AS 9 CONV]SATION17 EI!R = ! REASON ?AT !Y W\LD BR+ NO?+ MORE 9 ! M>KET1 OR W\LD BR+ TOO LITTLE TO COMP5SATE = ! TIME & LABOR ( PUTT+ !M 9 A M>KETABLE =M1 & SELL+ !M4 ,!IR M>KET VALUE IS TOO SMALL TO MAKE IT PR(ITABLE TO SELL !M4 ,SU* ?\<TS M5 GIVE AWAY GRATUIT\SLY1 OR 9 EX*ANGE = SU* ?\<TS AS O!R M5 VOLUNT>ILY GIVE 9 RETURN--JU/ AS M5 GIVE TO EA* O!R MAT]IAL COMMODITIES ( SMALL VALUE1 AS NUTS1 & APPLES1 A PIECE ( BREAD1 A CUP ( WAT]1 A MEAL ( VICTUALS1 FROM MOTIVES ( COMPLAISANCE & FRI5D%IP1 OR 9 EXPECTATION ( RECEIV+ SIMIL> FAVORS 9 RETURN2 & NOT BECAUSE !SE >TICLES >E NOT AS MU* PROP]TY1 AS >E ! MO/ VALUABLE COMMODITIES ?AT M5 EV] BUY OR SELL4 ,BUT = NE>LY ALL 9=MATION ?AT IS SPECIALLY VALUABLE1 OR VALUABLE 5\< TO COMM& A PRICE WOR? DEM&+--?\< IT BE GIV5 9 ONE'S PRIVATE C>1 AS LEGAL OR M$ICAL ADVICE1 = EXAMPLE--A PECUNI>Y COMP5SATION IS DEM&$1 ) NE>LY ! SAME UNI=MITY AS = A MAT]IAL COMMODITY4 ,& NO ONE D\BTS ?AT SU* 9=MATION IS A LEGITIMATE & LAWFUL CONSID]ATION = ! EQUIVAL5T PAID4 ,C\RTS ( JU/ICE UNI=MLY RECOGNIZE !M AS SU*1 AS 9 ! CASE ( LEGAL1 M$ICAL1 & V>I\S O!R K9DS ( 9=MATION4 ,ONE MAN CAN SUE = & RECOV] PAY = IDEAS1 :I*1 AS LAWY]1 PHYSICIAN1 TEA*]1 OR $ITOR1 HE HAS SOLD TO ANO!R MAN1 JU/ AS HE CAN = L&1 FOOD1 CLO?+1 OR FUEL4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ah$ 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a1 ,SECTION #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a1 ,SECTION #e -- ,ADD$4 

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