,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b1 ,SECTION #a 

#aheeahee 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LYS&] ,SPOON] 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,I4 

,O,B,J,E,C,T,I,O,N,S ,A,N,S,W,],$4 

,! OBJECTIONS ?AT WILL BE URG$ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( ! PREC$+ *APT]1 >E ! FOLL[+4 
 ,S,E,C,T,I,O,N ,I4 

,OBJECTION ,FIR/4 

,IT WILL BE SAID !RE CAN BE NO RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 IDEAS1 = ! REASON ?AT AN IDEA HAS NO CORPOREAL SUB/ANCE4 

,?IS IS AN ANCI5T >GUM5T1 BUT IT OBVI\SLY HAS NO 9TR9SIC WEI<T OR S\NDNESS2 = CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES >E NOT ! ONLY ?+S ?AT HAVE VALUE2 !Y >E NOT ! ONLY ?+S ?AT CONTRIBUTE TO ! WELF>E ( MAN2 !Y >E NOT ! ONLY ?+S ?AT CAN BE POSSESS$ BY ONE MAN1 & NOT BY ANO!R2 !Y >E NOT ! ONLY ?+S ?AT CAN BE IMP>T$ BY ONE MAN TO ANO!R2 NOR >E !Y ! ONLY ?+S ?AT >E ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR4 ,9DE$1 CORRECTLY SPEAK+1 CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES >E NEV] ! PRODUCTS1 7?AT IS1 ! CREATIONS17 ( HUMAN LABOR4 ,HUMAN LABOR CANNOT CREATE CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES4 ,IT CAN ONLY *ANGE !IR =MS1 QUALITIES1 ADAPTATIONS1 & VALUES4 ,!SE =MS1 QUALITIES1 ADAPTATIONS1 & VALUES >E ALL 9CORPOREAL ?+S4 ,H5CE1 AS WILL BE MORE FULLY %[N H]EAFT]1 ALL ! PRODUCTS--?AT IS1 ALL ! CREATIONS--( HUMAN LABOR1 >E 9CORPOREAL4 

,TO D5Y ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S1 IS EQUIVAL5T TO D5Y+ ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 LABOR ITSELF2 9 ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR2 & EV5 9 ?OSE CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES1 ?AT >E ACQUIR$ BY LABOR2 AS WILL N[ BE %[N4 

#a4 ,TO D5Y ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S1 IS EQUIVAL5T TO D5Y+ ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 LABOR1 BECAUSE LABOR ITSELF IS 9CORPOREAL4 ,IT IS SIMPLY MOTION2 AN ACTION M]ELY ( ! FACULTIES4 ,IT HAS NO CORPOREAL SUB/ANCE4 ,TO D5Y1 !RE=E1 ?AT !RE CAN BE ANY RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S1 IS D5Y+ ?AT A MAN CAN HAVE ANY RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 HIS LABOR2 &1 ( C\RSE1 ?AT HE CAN HAVE ANY RI<T TO DEM& PAY = IT1 :5 HE LABORS = ANO!R4 ,YET WE ALL KN[ ?AT LABOR IS A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY4 ,A MAN'S LABOR IS HIS [N4 ,IT ALSO HAS VALUE4 ,IT IS ! GREAT DEP5D5CE ( ! HUMAN RACE = SUBSI/5CE4 ,IT IS ( T5 ?\S& ?\S& K9DS4 ,EA* ( !SE K9DS1 TOO1 HAS ITS WELL UND]/OOD M>KET PRICE2 AS MU* SO AS ANY CORPOREAL SUB/ANCE :ATEV]4 ,& EA* ( !SE V>I\S K9DS ( LABOR IS CON/ANTLY B\<T & SOLD AS M]*&ISE4 

,LABOR1 !RE=E1 BE+ 9CORPOREAL1 & YET1 BY UNIV]SAL CONFESSION1 A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 ! PR9CIPLE ( ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S IS E/ABLI%$4 

#b4 ,TO D5Y ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S1 IS EQUIVAL5T TO D5Y+ ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 ! PRODUCTS1 7?AT IS1 9 ! CREATIONS17 ( HUMAN LABOR3 = !SE PRODUCTS1 OR CREATIONS1 >E ALL 9CORPOREAL4 ,HUMAN LABOR1 AS HAS ALREADY BE5 SAID1 CANNOT CREATE CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES4 ,IT CAN ONLY CREATE1 & GIVE TO CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES1 NEW =MS1 QUALITIES1 ADAPTATIONS1 & VALUES4 ,!SE NEW =MS1 QUALITIES1 ADAPTATIONS1 & VALUES >E ALL 9CORPOREAL ?+S4 ,= EXAMPLE--,! NEW =MS1 & NEW BEAUTIES1 :I* A SCULPTOR1 BY HIS LABOR1 CREATES1 & IMP>TS TO A BLOCK ( M>BLE1 >E NOT CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES4 ,!Y >E M]E QUALITIES1 ?AT HAVE BE5 IMP>T$ TO A CORPOREAL SUB/ANCE4 ,!Y >E QUALITIES1 ?AT CAN NEI!R BE WEI<$ NOR MEASUR$1 LIKE CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES4 ,SCALES WILL NOT WEI< !M1 NOR Y>D /ICKS MEASURE !M1 AS !Y WILL WEI< & MEASURE CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES4 ,!Y CAN BE P]CEIV$ & E/IMAT$ ONLY BY ! M9D2 9 ! SAME MANN] ?AT ! M9D P]CEIVES & E/IMATES AN IDEA4 ,9 %ORT1 !SE NEW =MS & NEW BEAUTIES1 :I* HUMAN LABOR HAS CREAT$1 & IMP>T$ TO ! M>BLE1 >E 9CORPOREAL1 & NOT CORPOREAL ?+S4 ,YET !Y HAVE VALUE2 >E ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR2 >E SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY2 & >E CON/ANTLY B\<T & SOLD 9 ! M>KET4 

,SO ALSO IT IS ) ALL ! NEW =MS1 QUALITIES1 ADAPTATIONS1 & VALUES1 :I* LABOR CREATES1 & IMP>TS TO ! MAT]IALS1 ( :I* A H\SE1 = EXAMPLE1 IS COMPOS$4 ,!SE NEW =MS1 QUALITIES1 ADAPTATIONS1 & VALUES1 >E ALL 9CORPOREAL4 ,!Y CAN NEI!R BE WEI<$1 NOR MEASUR$1 AS CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES4 ,YET )\T !M1 ! CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES1 \T ( :I* ! H\SE IS CON/RUCT$1 W\LD HAVE FAIL$ TO BECOME A H\SE4 ,!Y1 !RE=E1 HAVE VALUE4 ,!Y >E ALSO ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR2 >E SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY2 & >E CON/ANTLY B\<T & SOLD 9 ! M>KET4 

,! SAME PR9CIPLE HOLDS GOOD 9 REG>D TO ALL CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES :ATSOEV]1 TO :I* LABOR GIVES NEW =MS1 OR QUALITIES1 ADAPT$ TO SATISFY ! WANTS1 GRATIFY ! EYE1 OR PROMOTE ! HAPP9ESS ( MAN--:E!R ! SUB/ANCES BE >TICLES ( FOOD1 CLO?+1 UT5SILS = LABOR1 BOOKS1 PICTURES1 OR :ATEV] ELSE MAY M9I/] TO ! DESIRES ( M54 ,! NEW =MS & QUALITIES1 GIV5 TO EA* & ALL !SE CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES1 TO ADAPT !M TO USE1 >E !MSELVES 9CORPOREAL4 ,YET !Y HAVE VALUE2 >E ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR2 & >E AS MU* SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY1 AS >E ! SUB/ANCES !MSELVES4 ,& ! DE/RUCTION OR 9JURY ( !SE =MS & QUALITIES1 BY ANY P]SON NOT ! [N]1 IS AS CLE>LY A CRIME1 AS IS ! !FT OR DE/RUCTION ( ! SUB/ANCES !MSELVES4 ,9 FACT1 CORRECTLY SPEAK+1 IT IS ONLY ! 9CORPOREAL =MS1 QUALITIES1 & ADAPTATIONS ( CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES1 ?AT CAN BE DE/ROY$4 ,! SUB/ANCES !MSELVES >E 9CAPABLE ( DE/RUCTION4 ,TO DE/ROY OR 9JURE ! 9CORPOREAL =MS1 QUALITIES1 & ADAPTATIONS1 ?AT HAVE BE5 GIV5 TO CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES BY LABOR1 DE/ROYS OR 9JURES ! M>KET VALUE ( ! SUB/ANCES !MSELVES2 BECAUSE IT DE/ROYS OR IMPAIRS !IR UTILITY1 = ! PURPOSES = :I* !Y >E DESIR$4 ,H[ ABSURD !N TO SAY ?AT 9CORPOREAL ?+S >E NOT SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY4 

,! EXAMPLES ALREADY GIV51 ( LABOR1 ! PRODUCTS1 OR CREATIONS ( LABOR1 7BY :I* IS N[ MEANT ?OSE =MS1 QUALITIES1 ADAPTATIONS1 & VALUES1 IMP>T$ BY LABOR TO CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES17 W\LD BE SUFFICI5T TO PROVE ?AT 9CORPOREAL ?+S >E SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY4 ,BUT1 SAY+ NO?+ AS YET ( IDEAS1 !RE >E /ILL O!R K9DS ( 9CORPOREAL ?+S1 ?AT >E SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY4 ,= EXAMPLE4 ,A MAN'S PECUNI>Y CR$IT1 OR REPUTATION = PECUNI>Y RESPONSIBILITY1 HAS VALUE2 IS ! PRODUCT ( LABOR2 & IS A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY4 ,V>I\S O!R K9DS ( REPUTATION >E ALSO SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY4 ,A MAGI/RATE'S REPUTATION = 9TEGRITY2 A SOLDI]'S REPUTATION = C\RAGE2 A WOMAN'S REPUTATION = *A/ITY2 A PHYSICIAN'S REPUTATION = SKILL2 A PREA*]'S REPUTATION = S9C]ITY1 @&C41 @&C41 >E ALL SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY4 ,!Y HAVE VALUE2 & !Y >E ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR4 ,YET !Y >E NOT CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES4 

,HEAL? IS 9CORPOREAL4 ,/R5G? IS 9CORPOREAL4 ,SO ALSO ! S5SES1 OR FACULTIES1 ( SI<T1 HE>+1 TA/E1 SMELL1 & FEEL+ >E 9CORPOREAL4 ,A P]SON MI<T LOSE !M ALL )\T ! LOSS ( ANY CORPOREAL SUB/ANCE4 ,YET !Y >E ALL VALUABLE POSSESSIONS1 & SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY4 ,TO IMPAIR OR DE/ROY !M1 ?R\< C>ELESSNESS OR DESIGN1 IS AN 9JURY TO BE COMP5SAT$ BY DAMAGES1 OR PUNI%$ AS A CRIME4 

,MELODY IS 9CORPOREAL4 ,YET IT HAS VALUE2 IS ! PRODUCT ( LABOR2 IS A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY2 & A COMMON >TICLE ( M]*&ISE4 

,BEAUTY IS 9CORPOREAL4 ,YET IT IS A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY4 ,IT IS A PROP]TY1 TOO1 ?AT IS V]Y HI<LY PRIZ$--:E!R IT BE BEAUTY ( P]SON1 OR BEAUTY 9 ?OSE ANIMALS OR 9ANIMATE OBJECTS1 :I* >E SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY4 ,& TO IMPAIR OR DE/ROY SU* BEAUTY1 IS ACKN[L$G$ BY ALL TO BE A WRONG1 TO BE COMP5SAT$ 9 DAMAGES1--OR A CRIME1 TO BE VISIT$ ) P5ALTIES4 

,A RIDE1 & ! RI<T OR PRIVILEGE ( RID+1 OR ( BE+ C>RI$1 AS1 = EXAMPLE1 ON RAILROADS1 9 /EAMBOATS1 & PUBLIC CONVEYANCES ( ALL K9DS1 >E 9CORPOREAL ?+S4 ,!Y CANNOT BE SE5 BY ! EYE1 NOR T\*$ BY ! H&4 ,!Y CAN ONLY BE P]CEIV$ BY ! M9D4 ,YET !Y HAVE VALUE2 >E SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY2 & >E CON/ANTLY B\<T & SOLD 9 ! M>KET4 

,! RI<T ( GO+ 9TO A HOTEL1 OR A PLACE ( PUBLIC AMUSEM5T1 IS NOT A CORPOREAL SUB/ANCE4 ,IT NEV]!LESS HAS VALUE1 & IS A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 & IS CON/ANTLY B\<T & SOLD4 

,LIB]TY IS 9CORPOREAL4 ,YET IT HAS VALUE2 & IF IT BE NOT SOLD1 IT IS BECAUSE NO CORPOREAL SUB/ANCE IS SUFFICI5TLY VALUABLE TO BE RECEIV$ 9 EX*ANGE = IT4 

,LIFE ITSELF IS 9CORPOREAL4 ,YET IT IS PROP]TY2 & TO TAKE IT FROM ITS [N] IS USUALLY RECKON$ ! HI<E/ CRIME ?AT CAN BE COMMITT$ AGA9/ HIM4 

,MANY O!R K9DS ( PROP]TY >E 9CORPOREAL4 

,?US IT WILL BE SE5 ?AT ?\<TS >E BY NO MEANS ! ONLY 9CORPOREAL ?+S ?AT HAVE VALUE1 & >E SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY4 ,CIVILIZ$ SOCIETY C\LD NOT EXI/ )\T RECOGNIZ+ 9CORPOREAL ?+S AS PROP]TY4 

#c3 ,TO D5Y ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S1 IS EQUIVAL5T TO D5Y+ ! RI<T ( PROP]TY EV5 9 CORPOREAL ?+S4 

,:AT IS ! F\NDATION ( ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 CORPOREAL ?+S8 ,IT IS NOT ?AT !Y >E ! PRODUCTS1 OR CREATIONS1 ( HUMAN LABOR2 =1 AS HAS ALREADY BE5 SAID1 HUMAN LABOR NEV] PRODUCES--?AT IS1 IT NEV] CREATES--CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES4 ,BUT IT IS SIMPLY ?IS--?AT HUMAN LABOR HAS BE5 EXP5D$ UPON !M--?AT IS1 9 TAK+ POSSESSION ( !M4 ,! RI<T ( PROP]TY1 !RE=E1 9 CORPOREAL ?+S1 HAS ITS F\NDATION SOLELY 9 HUMAN LABOR1 :I* IS ITSELF 9CORPOREAL4 ,N[ IT IS CLE> ?AT IF LABOR1 :I* IS 9CORPOREAL1 W]E NOT ITSELF A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 IT C\LD GIVE ! LABOR] NO RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 ?OSE CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES1 UPON :I* HE BE/[S HIS LABOR4 ,A RI<T CANNOT >ISE \T ( NO RI<T4 ,IT IS ABSURD1 !RE=E1 TO SAY ?AT A MAN HAS NO RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 HIS LABOR1 = ! REASON ?AT LABOR IS 9CORPOREAL1 & YET TO SAY ?AT ?AT SAME LABOR1 7:I* IS NOT HIS17 CAN GIVE HIM A RI<T TO A CORPOREAL SUB/ANCE1 TO :I* HE CONFESS$LY HAS NO O!R RI<T1 ?AN ?AT HE HAS EXP5D$ LABOR UPON IT4 ,IF LABOR ITSELF BE NOT A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 IT FOLL[S1 ( NECESSITY1 ?AT IT CAN GIVE ! LABOR] NO RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 ANY ?+ ELSE4 

,! NECESS>Y CONSEQU5CE1 !RE=E1 ( D5Y+ ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S1 AS LABOR1 = EXAMPLE1 IS TO D5Y ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 CORPOREAL ?+S2 BECAUSE ! RI<T TO ! LATT] IS ONLY A RESULT1 OR CONSEQU5CE1 ( A RI<T TO ! =M]4 ,IF1 !RE=E1 WE D5Y ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S1 WE MU/ D5Y ALL RI<TS ( PROP]TY :ATSOEV]4 

,! IDEA1 !RE=E1 ?AT 9CORPOREAL ?+S CANNOT BE SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY1 IS SIMPLY ABSURD1 S9CE IT GOES NECESS>ILY TO ! D5IAL ( ALL PROP]TY2 & S9CE ALSO IT IS ITSELF D5I$ BY ! COMMON S5SE1 ! CON/ANT PRACTICE1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 BY ! UNIV]SAL NECESSITIES1 ( MANK9D AT L>GE4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF WE ADMIT A RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S AT ALL1 !N IDEAS >E AS CLE>LY LEGITIMATE SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY1 AS ANY O!R 9CORPOREAL ?+S ?AT CAN BE NAM$4 ,!Y >E1 9 !IR NATURE1 NECESS>ILY P]SONAL POSSESSIONS2 !Y HAVE VALUE2 !Y >E ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR2 !Y >E 9DISP5SABLE TO ! HAPP9ESS1 WELL-BE+1 & EV5 SUBSI/5CE ( MAN2 !Y CAN BE POSSESS$ BY ONE MAN1 & NOT BY ANO!R2 !Y CAN BE IMP>T$ BY ONE MAN TO ANO!R2 YET NO ONE CAN DEM& !M ( ANO!R AS A RI<T2 &1 AS HAS BE=E BE5 SAID & %[N1 !Y >E CONT9UALLY B\<T & SOLD AS M]*&ISE4 

,! DOCTR9E1 H[EV]1 ?AT CORPOREAL SUB/ANCES ONLY C\LD BE SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY1 WAS A SOME:AT NATURAL ONE 9 ! 9FANCY ( ?\<T2 :5 M5'S !ORIES AB\T PROP]TY W]E SUP]FICIAL & IMP]FECT1 P>TAK+ MORE ( ! *>ACT] ( 9/9CT1 ?AN ( REASON1 & :5 ?+S VISIBLE BY ! EYE1 & TANGIBLE BY ! H&1 W\LD NATURALLY BE REG>D$1 BY UNREASON+ M9DS1 AS ( A V]Y DIFF]5T *>ACT]1 9 RESPECT ( SUSCEPTIBILITY ( [N]%IP1 FROM SU* 9CORPOREAL ?+S AS IDEAS1 ( :I* FEW M5 HAD ANY WOR? SETT+ A PRICE UPON4 ,! DI/9CTION1 H[EV]1 BETWE5 CORPOREAL & 9CORPOREAL ?+S1 AS SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY1 IS ONE 5TIRELY GR\NDLESS 9 ITSELF1 & 5TIRELY UNWOR?Y ( ! ADVANC$ REASON ( ! PRES5T DAY2 OR EV5 ( ANY MOD]N DAY2 AL?\< MOD]N DAYS HAVE SE5 ! >GUM5T URG$4"9 

,MANK9D HAVE D\BTLESS NEV] CONSI/5TLY ADH]$ TO ! !ORY ?AT ONLY CORPOREAL ?+S C\LD BE SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY4 ,PROBABLY 9 ! D>KE/ B>B>ISM--C]TA9LY S9CE ! E>LIE/ HI/ORY ( CIVILIZATION--9CORPOREAL ?+S1 ( V>I\S K9DS1 HAVE BE5 SUBJECTS ( PUR*ASE & SALE4 ,! ILLIT]ATE HAVE SOLD !IR LABOR1 :I* IS 9CORPOREAL2 & ! LE>N$1 P[]FUL1 & >TFUL1 AS1 = EXAMPLE1 ! LAW-GIV]S1 MAGI/RATES1 PRIE/S1 PHYSICIANS1 A/ROLOG]S1 & NECROMANC]S1 HAVE SOLD !IR IDEAS4 ,& ! NATURE ( M5 ASSURES US1 ?AT !RE WAS NEV] A TIME KN[N AMONG !M1 :5 ! 9JURY OR DE/RUCTION ( V>I\S K9DS ( 9CORPOREAL PROP]TY1 AS1 = EXAMPLE1 /R5G?1 SI<T1 HEAL?1 BEAUTY1 LIB]TY1 & LIFE1 WAS NOT CONSID]$ & TREAT$ AS A WRONG TO BE AV5G$4 

,9 MOD]N TIMES1 ) ! ADVANCE ( CIVILIZATION1 9CORPOREAL ?+S 9 A ?\S& =MS1 IDEAS 9CLUD$1 HAVE COME TO BE AMONG ! MO/ COMMON >TICLES ( TRAFFIC2 & CONTRACTS1 BAS$ SOLELY UPON ! GR\ND ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S--AS1 = EXAMPLE1 CONTRACTS TO PAY LAWY]S1 PHYSICIANS1 PREA*]S1 TEA*]S1 $ITORS1 @&C41 = !IR IDEAS-->E CONT9UALLY 5=C$ BY C\RTS ( JU/ICE1 ) ! SAME UNI=MITY AS >E CONTRACTS = CORPOREAL ?+S2 :ILE AT ! SAME TIME1 ! V]Y TRIBUNALS1 :O 5=CE !SE CONTRACTS--TRIBUNALS COMPOS$1 TOO1 ( M51 :O E>N !IR (FICIAL SAL>IES ONLY BY GIV+ !IR IDEAS 9 EX*ANGE = !M--D5Y ! PR9CIPLE ( PROP]TY 9 IDEAS4 ,SU* HAS BE51 & /ILL IS1 ! 9CONSI/5CY ( M5'S OP9IONS ON ?IS SUBJECT--AN 9CONSI/5CY ?AT /RIK+LY ILLU/RATES ! IMMATURITY ( REASON1 ! L[ /ATE ( LEGAL SCI5CE1 & ! IMP]FECTION ( POLITICAL & JUDICIAL 9/ITUTIONS4 

,ONE OB/ACLE TO ! UNIV]SAL ACKN[L$GM5T ( PROP]TY 9 IDEAS1 HAS BE5 ?IS4 ,MANK9D FREELY GIVE AWAY SO L>GE A PORTION ( !IR IDEAS1 & SO FEW ( !IR IDEAS >E ( SUFFICI5T VALUE TO BR+ ANY?+ 9 ! M>KET1 7EXCEPT 9 ! M>KET ( COMMON CONV]SATION1 :]E M5 MUTUALLY EX*ANGE !IR IDEAS17 ?AT P]SONS1 :O HAVE NOT REASON$ ON ! SUBJECT1 HAVE NATURALLY FALL5 9TO ! HABIT ( ?9K+1 ?AT IDEAS W]E NOT SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY2 & HAVE CONSEQU5TLY BE5 SL[ TO ADMIT ?AT1 AS A MATT] ( S\ND !ORY OR LAW1 M5 HAD A /RICT RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 ANY ( !IR IDEAS4 ,& YET !SE SAME D\BT]S HAVE !MSELVES BE51 & N[ >E1 9 ! CON/ANT PRACTICE ( BUY+ IDEAS1 9 V>I\S WAYS1 ( MAGI/RATES1 LAWY]S1 PHYSICIANS1 PREA*]S1 TEA*]S1 $ITORS1 @&C41 & PAY+ !IR MONEY = !M1 )\T ONCE DREAM+ ?AT !RE WAS ANY MORE H>D%IP OR 9JU/ICE 9 !IR BE+ NECESSITAT$ TO DO SO1 ?AN 9 !IR BE+ NECESSITAT$ TO BUY !IR FOOD OR CLO?+4 

,ANO!R REASON1 :Y ! ABSOLUTE RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 IDEAS1 HAS NOT BE5 E>LI]1 MORE CONSI/5TLY1 & UNIV]SALLY ACKN[L$G$1 HAS BE5 ?AT1 9 ! 9FANCY ( CIVIL SOCIETY1 & EV5 UNTIL A COMP>ATIVELY REC5T DATE1 [+ TO ! G5]AL IGNORANCE ( LETT]S1 & ! WANT ( RECORDS = ?AT PURPOSE1 !RE HAS BE5 A NE>LY OR QUITE 9SUP]ABLE DIFFICULTY 9 MA9TA9+ ?AT RI<T 9 PRACTICE1 BY REASON ( !RE BE+ NO MEANS ( PROV+ ONE'S PROP]TY 9 AN IDEA1 AFT] ! IDEA ITSELF HAD GONE \T AMONG M54 ,BUT ?AT DIFFICULTY IS N[ REMOV$ BY ! 9V5TION ( RECORDS1 BY :I* A MAN MAY HAVE HIS IDEA REGI/]$1 & HIS RI<T TO IT E/ABLI%$1 BE=E IT IS DISCLOS$ TO ! PUBLIC4 

,BUT :AT MU/ SETTLE1 ABSOLUTELY & =EV]1 ?IS QUE/ION ( ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 9CORPOREAL ?+S1 IS ?IS--?AT ! RI<T ( PROP]TY ITSELF IS AN 9CORPOREALITY4 ,! RI<T ( PROP]TY IS A M]E 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( DOM9ION1 OR CONTROL1 OV] A ?+4 ,IT IS NEI!R TANGIBLE BY ! H&1 NOR VISIBLE BY ! EYE4 ,IT IS A M]E AB/RACTION1 EXI/+ ONLY 9 CONTEMPLATION ( ! M9D4 ,YET ?IS 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( DOM9ION OR CONTROL OV] A ?+1 IS ITSELF A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY--( [N]%IP2 ONE ?AT IS CONT9UALLY B\<T & SOLD 9 ! M>KET1 9DEP5D5TLY ( POSSESSION ( ! ?+ TO :I* IT RELATES4 

,TO MAKE ?IS PO9T CLE> TO ! UNPR(ESSIONAL READ]4 ,!RE >E TWO K9DS ( PROP]TY1 :I* P]TA9 TO EV]Y CORPOREAL ?+ ?AT IS [N$4 ,ONE IS ! RI<T ( PROP]TY1 OR [N]%IP1 9 ! ?+ [N$--?AT IS1 ! RI<T ( DOM9ION OR CONTROL OV] ! ?+4 ,! O!R IS ! POSSESSION ( ! ?+ [N$4 ,!SE TWO K9DS ( PROP]TY >E ! ONLY K9DS ( PROP]TY1 ?AT ANY MAN CAN HAVE 9 ANY CORPOREAL ?+4 ,YET !SE TWO K9DS ( PROP]TY CAN EXI/1 & (T5 DO EXI/1 SEP>ATELY FROM EA* O!R4 ,?US ONE MAN MAY [N A ?+--?AT IS1 HAVE ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 A ?+--AS A H\SE1 = EXAMPLE--& ANO!R MAN HAVE ! POSSESSION ( IT4 ,ONE MAN HAS ! AB/RACT 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( DOM9ION1 OR CONTROL1 OV] ! H\SE2 ! O!R HAS1 = ! TIME BE+1 ! ACTUAL DOM9ION--?AT IS1 ! POSSESSION--:I* HE HOLDS1 EI!R )1 OR )\T1 ! CONS5T ( ! [N]1 AS ! CASE MAY BE4 

,N[1 ANY ONE CAN SEE ?AT ?IS 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( ! TRUE [N]1 IS ITSELF A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY4 ,IT IS A ?+ ?AT MAY BE [N$1 B\<T1 & SOLD1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! O!R K9D ( PROP]TY1 VIZ43 POSSESSION4 ,IT (T5 IS [N$1 B\<T1 & SOLD1 9DEP5D5TLY ( POSSESSION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A MAN (T5 BUYS1 PAYS =1 & [NS1 A H\SE TO-DAY1 :I* HE IS NOT TO HAVE POSSESSION ( UNTIL NEXT WEEK1 NEXT MON?1 OR NEXT YE>4 ,YET1 ?\< \T ( POSSESSION ( ! H\SE1 HIS 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 IT1 IS ITSELF A LEGAL & BONA FIDE PROP]TY1 ( :I* HE IS POSSESS$4 ,IT IS A PROP]TY1 :I* HE HIMSELF MAY SELL1 IF HE SO *OOSE4 

,?IS 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY IS ! PROP]TY1 ?AT IS PR9CIPALLY REG>D$ BY ! LAWS4 ,POSSESSION IS COMP>ATIVELY ( LITTLE IMPORTANCE4 ,IT IS COMP>ATIVELY ( LITTLE IMPORTANCE1 BECAUSE IF A MAN [N ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 A ?+1 HE CAN !N CLAIM ! POSSESSION1 SOLELY BY VIRTUE ( ?AT RI<T1 & ! LAW WILL GIVE IT TO HIM4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF A MAN HAVE POSSESSION ( A ?+1 )\T ! RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 IT1 ! LAW WILL COMPEL HIM TO SURR5D] ! POSSESSION TO ! ONE :O [NS ! RI<T ( PROP]TY4 ,H5CE1 9 NE>LY ALL CONTROV]SIES1 9 LAW1 AB\T PROP]TY1 ! QUE/ION IS1 ,:O HAS ! RI<T ( PROP]TY8 ,NOT1 ,:O HAS ! POSSESSION8 ,!SE FACTS %[ ?AT ! RI<T ( PROP]TY1 9 ANY CORPOREAL ?+1 IS ITSELF A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 ( [N]%IP1 9DEP5D5TLY ( POSSESSION2 & IS SO REG>D$ BY ! LAWS4 ,YET IT IS BUT AN 9CORPOREALITY4 

,?IS 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY IS ALSO ! PROP]TY1 :I* IS ( *IEF CONSID]ATION 9 ! M9DS ( M51 9 ALL !IR DEAL+S ) EA* O!R4 ,IT IS :AT ONE MAN BUYS1 & ! O!R SELLS4 ,!Y C>E LITTLE = POSSESSION2 BECAUSE !Y KN[ ?AT ! RI<T WILL1 SOON] OR LAT]1 GIVE !M ! POSSESSION4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 !Y KN[ ?AT POSSESSION1 )\T ! RI<T1 WILL BE 9SECURE1 & ( LITTLE VALUE4 ,= !SE REASONS1 9 ALL LEGITIMATE TRAFFIC1 ! PUR*AS] IS C>EFUL TO KN[ ?AT HE BUYS ! RI<T ( PROP]TY--?AT IS1 ?AT HE BUYS ( ONE1 :O REALLY [NS ! PROP]TY--HAS ! AB/RACT 9CORPOREAL RI<T TO IT2 & NOT ( ONE :O M]ELY HAS ! POSSESSION ( IT4 ,?IS FACT1 TOO1 %[S ?AT ! RI<T ( PROP]TY IS ITSELF A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY--( [N]%IP--9DEP5D5TLY ( POSSESSION ( ! COMMODITY TO :I* IT RELATES2 & IS UNIV]SALLY SO RECOGNIZ$ BY MANK9D1 9 !IR EV]Y DAY DEAL+S4 ,YET IT IS BUT AN 9CORPOREALITY4 

,TO ACCUMULATE EVID5CE ON ?IS PO9T4 ,?AT ?IS RI<T ( PROP]TY IS ITSELF A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 & AN 9CORPOREALITY1 IS PROV$ BY ! FACT1 ?AT IT IS TRANSF]R$ FROM ONE MAN TO ANO!R1 SIMPLY BY CONS5T--BY A M]E OP]ATION ( ! M9D--)\T ANY CORPOREAL DELIV]Y ( ! ?+1 TO :I* ! RI<T ATTA*ES4 ,?US TWO M51 9 ,NEW ,YORK1 MAY EX*ANGE !IR RESPECTIVE RI<TS ( PROP]TY1 9 TWO %IPS1 ?AT >E1 AT ! TIME1 9 ! ,PACIFIC OCEAN4 ,& ?IS 9CORPOREAL TRANSF]1 ( ! 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY1 9 ! %IPS1 5ABLES EA* PUR*AS] AFT]W>DS TO CLAIM ! POSSESSION1 DOM9ION1 & CONTROL ( ! %IP ITSELF1 ?AT HE HAS PUR*AS$4 ,H]E IT IS CLE> ?AT ! 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY1 OR DOM9ION1 IS A LEGAL 5TITY1 & A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 ( [N]%IP2 ONE1 :I* IS TRANSF]R$1 FROM ONE MAN TO ANO!R1 BY AN 9CORPOREAL ACT1 A SIMPLE OP]ATION ( ! M9D1 VIZ43 ! ACT ( CONS5T4 ,MANIFE/LY ?IS 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY1 OR DOM9ION1 IS1 ( ITSELF1 9DEP5D5TLY ( POSSESSION ( ! COMMODITY TO :I* IT RELATES1 A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 ( [N]%IP4 

,AGA94 ,?IS 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY1 BE+1 ( ITSELF1 A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 IT FOLL[S ?AT NO MAN CAN ASS]T ?AT HE HAS A RI<T ( PROP]TY EV5 9 A CORPOREAL ?+1 )\T1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ASS]T+1 ?AT AN 9CORPOREALITY IS A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 ( [N]%IP4 

,TO CONCLUDE4 ,! RI<T ( PROP]TY BE+ 9CORPOREAL1 & BE+ ITSELF A SUBJECT ( PROP]TY1 IT DEMON/RATES ?AT ! RI<T ( PROP]TY MAY ATTA* TO /ILL O!R 9CORPOREAL ?+S2 = IT W\LD BE PLA9LY ABSURD TO SAY1 ?AT !RE C\LD BE AN 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY TO A CORPOREAL ?+1 BUT C\LD BE NO 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY TO AN 9CORPOREAL ?+4 ,CLE>LY AN 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY C\LD ATTA* TO AN 9CORPOREAL ?+--A ?+ ( ITS [N NATURE--AS EASILY AS TO A CORPOREAL ?+1 A ?+ ( A DIFF]5T NATURE FROM ITS [N4 ,! ATTA*M5T ( ?IS 9CORPOREAL RI<T ( PROP]TY1 TO A CORPOREAL ?+1 IS NOT A PH5OM5ON VISIBLE BY ! EYE1 NOR TANGIBLE BY ! H&4 ,IT IS P]CEPTIBLE ONLY BY ! M9D4 ,& ! M9D CAN AS EASILY P]CEIVE ! SAME ATTA*M5T TO AN 9CORPOREAL ?+1 AS TO A CORPOREAL ONE4 

,IT WILL N[ BE TAK5 = GRANT$1 ?AT ?IS PO9T IS E/ABLI%$1 NAMELY1 ?AT ON PR9CIPLES ( NATURAL LAW1 9CORPOREAL ?+S >E SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY4 ,IF ?AT PO9T BE E/ABLI%$1 IT IS SELF-EVID5T ?AT IDEAS >E NATURALLY SUBJECTS ( PROP]TY2 ?AT !IR 9CORPOREALITY IS NO OBJECTION :ATEV] TO !IR BE+ [N$ AS PROP]TY4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ah$ 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b1 ,SECTION #a -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bb 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #b1 ,SECTION #a -- ,ADD$4 

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