,! ,MAKHNOVI/S ON ! ,NATIONAL & ,JEWI% ,QUE/IONS 

#aiai 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,>%9OV 

,TEXT 3 

,COMPOS$ ( ! POORE/ PEASANTS1 :O W]E UNIT$ BY ! FACT ?AT !Y ALL  
WORK$ ) !IR [N H&S1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T WAS F\ND$ ON ! DEEP  
FEEL+ ( FRAT]NITY :I* *>ACT]IZES ONLY ! MO/ OPPRESS$4 ,DUR+ ITS  
5TIRE HI/ORY IT DID NOT = AN 9/ANT APPEAL TO NATIONAL S5TIM5TS4 ,!  
:OLE /RUGGLE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS WAS CONDUCT$ SOLELY 9  
! NAME ( ! RI<TS & 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S4 ,D5IK9'S TROOPS1 !  
,AU/RO-,G]MANS1 ,PETLIURA1 ! ,FR5* TROOPS 9 ,B]DYANSK ,WRANGEL - W]E ALL  
TREAT$ BY ! ,MAKHNOVI/S AS 5EMIES ( ! WORK]S4 ,EA* ONE ( !SE  
9VASIONS REPRES5T$ = !M ESS5TIALLY A ?REAT TO ! WORK]S1 & !  
,MAKHNOVI/S HAD NO 9T]E/ 9 ! NATIONAL FLAG UND] :I* !Y M>*$4 

,9 ! ',DECL>ATION' PUBLI%$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( !  
>MY 9 ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#a#i1 9 ! SECTION DEAL+ ) ! NATIONAL QUE/ION1 !  
,MAKHNOVI/S /AT$3 

   

0,:5 SPEAK+ ( ,UKRA9IAN 9DEP5D5CE1 WE DO NOT MEAN NATIONAL  
  9DEP5D5CE 9 ,PETLIURA'S S5SE BUT ! SOCIAL 9DEP5D5CE ( WORK]S &  
  PEASANTS ,WE DECL>E ?AT ,UKRA9IAN1 & ALL O!R1 WORK+ PEOPLE HAVE !  
  RI<T TO SELF-DET]M9ATION NOT AS AN ''9DEP5D5T NATION'' BUT AS  
  ''9DEP5D5T WORK]S''0 

,ON ! QUE/ION ( ! LANGUAGE TO BE TAU<T 9 S*OOLS1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S  
WROTE ! FOLL[+3 

   

0,! CULTURAL-$UCATIONAL SECTION ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY CON/ANTLY  
  RECEIVES QUE/IONS FROM S*OOL TEA* ]S ASK+ AB\T ! LANGUAGE 9 :I*  
  9/RUCTION %\LD BE GIV5 9 ! S*OOLS1 N[ ?AT ,D5IK9'S TROOPS HAVE  
  BE5 EXPELL$4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5TS1 HOLD+ TO ! PR9CIPLES ( TRUE  
  SOCIALISM1 CANNOT 9 ANY FIELD OR BY ANY MEASURE DO VIOL5CE TO ! NATURAL  
  DESIRES & NE$S ( ! ,UKRA9IAN PEOPLE4 ,?IS IS :Y ! QUE/ION ( !  
  LANGUAGE TO BE TAU<T 9 ! S*OOLS CANNOT BE SOLV$ BY \R >MY1 BUT CAN  
  ONLY BE DECID$ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES1 BY P>5TS1 TEA*]S & /UD5TS ,IT  
  GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT ALL ! ORD]S ( ,D5IK9'S SO-CALL$ '',SPECIAL  
  ,BUREAU'' AS WELL AS ,G5]AL ,MAI-,MAEVSKY'S ORD] ,NO4 #b#b1 :I* =BIDS ! USE  
  ( ! MO!R TONGUE 9 ! S*OOLS1 >E NULL & VOID1 HAV+ BE5 =CIBLY  
  IMPOS$ ON ! S*OOLS4 ,9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! GREATE/ 9TELLECTUAL  
  DEVELOPM5T ( ! PEOPLE1 ! LANGUAGE ( 9/RUCTION %\LD BE ?AT T[>D  
  :I* ! LOCAL POPULATION NATURALLY T5DS1 & ?IS IS :Y ! POPULATION1  
  ! /UD5TS1 ! TEA*]S & ! P>5TS1 & NOT AU?ORITIES OR ! >MY1  
  %\LD FREELY & 9DEP5D5TLY RESOLVE ?IS QUE/ION40 
   
     

7,SIGN$7 
,CULTURAL-,$UCATIONAL ,SECTION ( ! 
,MAKHNOVI/  
    ,9SURG5T ,>MY 
7,PUT' K ,SVOBODE ,NO4 #a1 ,OCTOB] #a#h1  
  #a#i#a#i47 

,?US WE SEE ?AT NATIONAL PREJUDICES HAD NO PLACE 9 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A4  
,!RE WAS ALSO NO PLACE 9 ! MOVEM5T = RELIGI\S PREJUDICES4 ,AS A  
REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! POORE/ CLASSES ( ! CITY & ! C\NTRY1 !  
,MAKHNOV%*9A WAS A PR9CIPL$ ADV]S>Y ( ALL RELIGION & ( EV]Y GOD4  
,AMONG MOD]N SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WAS ONE ( ! FEW 9 :I* AN  
9DIVIDUAL HAD ABSOLUTELY NO 9T]E/ 9 HIS [N OR HIS NEI<BOR'S RELIGION OR  
NATIONALITY1 9 :I* HE RESPECT$ ONLY ! LABOR & ! FRE$OM ( !  
WORK]4 

,?IS DID NOT KEEP ! MOVEM5T'S OPPON5TS FROM SEEK+ TO DISCR$IT IT 9  
?IS FIELD4 ,9 ! ,RUSSIAN PRESS AS WELL AS ABROAD1 ! ,MAKHNOV%*9A WAS (T5  
PICTUR$ AS A V]Y RE/RICT$ GU]RILLA MOVEM5T1 =EIGN TO IDEAS (  
BRO!RHOOD & 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY1 & EV5 TA9T$ ) ANTI-,SEMITISM4  
,NO?+ C\LD BE MORE CRIM9AL ?AN SU* SL&]S4 ,9 ORD] TO %$ LI<T ON  
?IS QUE/ION1 EE WILL CITE H]E C]TA9 DOCUM5T$ FACTS :I* RELATE TO ?IS  
SUBJECT 

,AN IMPORTANT ROLE WAS PLAY$ 9 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY BY REVOLUTION>IES (  
,JEWI% ORIG91 MANY ( :OM HAD BE5 S5T5C$ TO =C$ LABOR = P>TICIPATION  
9 ! #aie REVOLUTION1 OR ELSE HAD BE5 OBLIG$ TO EMIGRATE TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE  
OR ,AM]ICA4 ,AMONG O!RS1 WE CAN M5TION3 

,KOGAN - VICE-PRESID5T ( ! C5TRAL ORGAN ( ! MOVEM5T1 !  
,REGIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,KOGAN WAS A WORK] :O1  
= REASONS ( PR9CIPLE1 HAD LEFT HIS FACTORY WELL BE=E ! REVOLUTION (  
#a#i#a#g1 & HAD GONE TO DO AGRICULTURAL WORK 9 A POOR ,JEWI% AGRICULTURAL COLONY4  
,W\ND$ AT ! BATTLE ( ,P]EGONOVKA1 NE> ,UMAN1 AGA9/ ! ,D5IK9I/S1 HE WAS  
SEIZ$ BY !M AT ! HOSPITAL AT ,UMAN :]E HE WAS BE+ TREAT$1 &1  
ACCORD+ TO WITNESSES1 ! ,D5IK9I/S KILL$ HIM ) SAB]S  

,L4 ,Z9'KOVSKY 7,ZADOV7 - HEAD ( ! >MY'S C\NT] ESPIONAGE SECTION1  
& LAT] COMM&] ( A SPECIAL CAVALRY REGIM5T4 ,A WORK] :O BE=E ! #aiag  
REVOLUTION WAS CONDEMN$ TO T5 YE>S ( =C$ LABOR = POLITICAL ACTIVITIES4  
,ONE ( ! MO/ ACTIVE MILITANTS ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTION4 

,EL5A ,KELL] - SECRET>Y ( ! >MY'S CULTURAL & $UCATIONAL  
SECTION4 ,A WORK] :O TOOK P>T 9 ! SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,ONE (  
! ORGANIZ]S ( ! 0,NABAT0 ,CONF$]ATION4 

,IOSIF ,EMIGRANT 7,GOTMAN7 - ,MEMB] ( ! >MY'S CULTURAL &  
$UCATIONAL SECTION4 ,A WORK] :O TOOK AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! ,UKRA9IAN AN>*I/  
MOVEM5T4 ,ONE ( ! ORGANIZ]S ( ! 0,NABAT0 ,CONF$]ATION1 & LAT] A MEMB]  
( ITS SECRET>IAT4 

,YA4 ,ALYI 7,SUKHOVOL'SKY7 - WORK]1 & MEMB] ( ! >MY'S CULTURAL  
& $UCATIONAL SECTION4 ,9 ! ,CZ>I/ P]IOD HE WAS CONDEMN$ TO =C$ LABOR  
= POLITICAL ACTIVITY4 ,ONE ( ! ORGANIZ]S ( ! 00,NABAT0  
,CONF$]ATION & A MEMB] ( ITS SECRET>IAT4 

,WE C\LD ADD MANY MORE NAMES TO ! LONG LI/ ( ,JEWI% REVOLUTION>IES :O  
TOOK P>T 9 DIFF]5T >EAS ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T1 BUT WE WILL NOT DO  
?IS1 BECAUSE IT W\LD 5DANG] !IR SECURITY4 

,AT ! HE>T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTION1 ! ,JEWI% WORK+ POPULATION  
WAS AMONG BRO!RS4 ,! ,JEWI% AGRICULTURAL COLONIES SCATT]$ ?R\<\T !  
DI/RICTS ( ,M>IUPOL1 ,B]DYANSK1 ,ALEKS&ROVSK & ELSE:]E1 ACTIVELY  
P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! REGIONAL ASSEMBLIES ( PEASANTS1 WORK]S & 9SURG5TS2  
!Y S5T DELEGATES !RE1 & ALSO TO ! REGIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y  
,C\NCIL4 

,FOLL[+ C]TA9 ANTI-,SEMITIC 9CID5TS :I* OCCURR$ 9 ! REGION 9  
,FEBRU>Y1 #a#i#a#i1 ,MAKHNO PROPOS$ TO ALL ! ,JEWI% COLONIES ?AT !Y ORGANIZE  
!IR SELF-DEF5SE & HE FURNI%$ ! NECESS>Y GUNS & AMMUNITION TO ALL  
!SE COLONIES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME ,MAKHNO ORGANIZ$ A S]IES ( MEET+S 9 !  
REGION :]E HE APPEAL$ TO ! MASSES TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ANTI-,SEMITISM4 

,! ,JEWI% WORK+ POPULATION1 9 TURN1 EXPRESS$ PR(\ND SOLID>ITY &  
REVOLUTION>Y BRO!RHOOD T[>D ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTION4 ,9 ANSW] TO  
! CALL MADE BY ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL TO FURNI% VOLUNT>Y  
COMBATANTS TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5T >MY1 ! ,JEWI% COLONIES S5T FROM !IR  
MID/ A L>GE NUMB] ( VOLUNTE]S4 

,9 ! >MY ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5TS !RE WAS AN EXCLUSIVELY ,JEWI%  
>TILL]Y BATT]Y :I* WAS COV]$ BY AN 9FANTRY DETA*M5T1 ALSO MADE UP (  
,JEWS4 ,?IS BATT]Y1 COMM&$ BY ! ,JEWI% 9SURG5T ,%NEID]1 H]OICALLY  
DEF5D$ ,GULYAI-,POLYE FROM ,D5IK9'S TROOPS 9 ,JUNE1 #a#i#a#i1 & ! 5TIRE  
BATT]Y P]I%$ !RE1 D[N TO ! LA/ MAN & ! LA/ %ELL4 

,9 ! EXTREMELY RAPID SUCCESSION ( EV5TS AFT] ! UPRIS+ ( #a#i#a#h-#a#i1  
!RE W]E OBVI\SLY 9DIVIDUALS :O W]E HO/ILE TO ,JEWS1 BUT !SE 9DIVIDUALS  
W]E NOT ! PRODUCTS ( ! 9SURRECTION2 !Y W]E PRODUCTS ( ,RUSSIAN LIFE4  
,!SE 9DIVIDUALS DID NOT HAVE ANY IMPORTANCE 9 ! MOVEM5T AS A :OLE4 ,IF  
PEOPLE ( ?IS TYPE TOOK P>T 9 ACTS DIRECT$ AGA9/ ,JEWS1 !Y W]E QUICKLY  
& SEV]ELY PUNI%$ BY ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5TS4 

,WE DESCRIB$ E>LI] ! SPE$ & DET]M9ATION ) :I* ! ,MAKHNOVI/S  
EXECUT$ ,GRIGOR'EV & HIS /AFF1 & WE M5TION$ ?AT ONE ( ! MA9 REASONS  
= ?IS EXECUTION WAS !IR P>TICIPATION 9 POGROMS ( ,JEWS4 

,WE CAN M5TION O!R EV5TS ( ?IS NATURE ) :I* WE >E FAMILI>4 

,ON ,MAY #a#b1 #a#i#a#i1 SEV]AL ,JEWI% FAMILIES - #b PEOPLE 9 ALL - W]E KILL$ 9  
! ,JEWI% AGRICULTURAL COLONY ( ,GOR'KAYA1 NE> ,ALEKS&ROVSK4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/  
/AFF IMM$IATELY SET UP A SPECIAL COMMISSION TO 9VE/IGATE ?IS EV5T4 ,?IS  
COMMISSION DISCOV]$ ?AT ! MURD]S HAD BE5 COMMITT$ BY SEV5 PEASANTS (  
! NEI<BOR+ VILLAGE ( ,USP5OVKA4 ,!SE PEASANTS W]E NOT P>T ( !  
9SURRECTION>Y >MY4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S FELT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO LEAVE  
?IS CRIME UNPUNI%$1 & !Y %OT ! MURD]]S4 ,IT WAS LAT] E/ABLI%$  
?AT ?IS EV5T & O!R ATTEMPTS ( ?IS NATURE HAD BE5 C>RI$ \T AT !  
9/IGATION ( ,D5IK9'S AG5TS1 :O HAD MANAG$ TO 9FILTRATE ! REGION &  
HAD S\<T BY !SE MEANS TO PREP>E AN ATMOSPH]E FAVORABLE = ! 5TRY (  
,D5IK9'S TROOPS 9TO ! ,UKRA9E4 

,ON ,MAY #d? OR #e?1 #a#i#a#i1 ,MAKHNO & A FEW COM M&]S HURRI$LY LEFT !  
FRONT & W5T TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 :]E !Y W]E AWAIT$ BY ! ,EXTRAORD9>Y  
,PL5IPOT5TI>Y ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 ,L4 ,KAM5EV1 :O HAD >RIV$ FROM ,KH>'KOV )  
O!R REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T4 ,AT ! ,V]KHNII ,TOKMAK /ATION1  
,MAKHNO SAW A PO/] ) ! WORDS3 0,DEA? TO ,JEWS1 ,SAVE ! ,REVOLUTION1 ,LONG  
,LIVE ,BATKO ,MAKHNO40 

0,:O PUT UP ?AT PO/]80 ,MAKHNO ASK$4 

,HE LE>N$ ?AT ! PO/] HAD BE5 PUT UP BY AN 9SURG5T :OM ,MAKHNO KNEW  
P]SONALLY1 A SOLDI] :O HAD TAK5 P>T 9 ! BATTLE AGA9/ ,D5IK9'S TROOPS1  
A P]SON :O WAS 9 G5]AL DEC5T4 ,HE PRES5T$ HIMSELF IMM$IATELY & WAS  
%OT ON ! SPOT4 

,MAKHNO CONT9U$ ! J\RNEY TO ,GULYAI-,POLYE4 ,DUR+ ! RE/ ( ! DAY &  
DUR+ HIS NEGOTIATIONS ) ! ,PL5IPOT5TI>Y ( ! ,REPUBLIC1 HE C\LD NOT  
FREE HIMSELF FROM ! 9FLU5CE ( ?IS EV5T4 ,HE REALIZ$ ?AT ! 9SURG5T  
HAD BE5 CRUELLY DEALT )1 BUT HE ALSO KNEW ?AT 9 CONDITIONS ( W> & 9  
VIEW ( ,D5IK9'S ADVANCE1 SU* PO/]S C\LD REPRES5T AN 5ORM\S DANG] =  
! ,JEWI% POPULATION & = ! 5TIRE REVOLUTION IF ONE DID NOT OPPOSE !M  
QUICKLY & RESOLUTELY4 

,:5 ! 9SURRECTION>Y >MY RETREAT$ T[>D ,UMAN 9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#i1  
!RE W]E SEV]AL CASES :5 9SURG5TS PLUND]$ ,JEWI% HOMES4 ,:5 !  
9SURRECTION>Y >MY EXAM9$ !SE CASES1 IT WAS LE>N$ ?AT ONE GR\P ( F\R  
OR FIVE M5 WAS 9VOLV$ 9 ALL !SE 9CID5TS - M5 :O HAD E>LI] BELONG$  
TO ,GRIGOR'EV'S DETA*M5TS & :O HAD BE5 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/  
>MY AFT] ,GRIGOR'EV WAS %OT4 ,?IS GR\P WAS DIS>M$ & DIS*>G$  
IMM$IATELY4 ,FOLL[+ ?IS1 ALL ! COMBATANTS :O HAD S]V$ UND] ,GRIGOR'EV  
W]E DIS*>G$ FROM ! ,MAKHNOVI/ >MY AS AN UNRELIABLE ELEM5T :OSE  
RE$UCATION WAS NOT POSSIBLE 9 VIEW ( ! UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS & ! LACK  
( TIME4 ,?US WE SEE H[ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S VIEW$ ANTI-,SEMITISM4 ,\TBUR/S (  
ANTI-,SEMITISM 9 V>I\S P>TS ( ! ,UKRA9E HAD NO RELATION TO !  
,MAKHNOV%*9A4  

,:]EV] ! ,JEWI% POPULATION WAS 9 CONTACT ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 IT F\ND  
9 !M ITS BE/ PROTECTORS AGA9/ ANTI-,SEMITIC 9CID5TS4 ,! ,JEWI%  
POPULATION ( ,GULYAI ,POLYE1 ,ALEKS&ROVSK1 ,B]DYANSK1 ,M>IUPOL'1 AS WELL AS ALL  
! ,JEWI% AGRICULTURAL COLONIES SCATT]$ ?R\<\T ! ,DONETS REGION1 CAN  
!MSELVES CORROBORATE ! FACT ?AT !Y ALWAYS F\ND ! ,MAKHNOVI/S TO BE  
TRUE REVOLUTION>Y FRI5DS1 & ?AT DUE TO ! SEV]E & DECISIVE MEASURES (  
! ,MAKHNO VI/S1 ! ANTI-,SEMITIC LEAN+S ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =CES  
9 ?IS REGION W]E PROMPTLY SQUA%$4 

,ANTI-,SEMITISM EXI/S 9 ,RUSSIA AS WELL AS 9 MANY O!R C\NTRIES4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1  
& TO SOME EXT5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 IT IS NOT A RESULT ( ! REVOLUTION>Y EPO*  
OR ( ! 9SURRECTION>Y MOVEM5T1 BUT IS ON ! CONTR>Y A VE/IGE ( !  
PA/4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S ALWAYS F\<T IT RESOLUTELY 9 WORDS AS WELL AS DE$S4  
,DUR+ ! 5TIRE P]IOD ( ! MOVEM5T1 !Y ISSU$ NUM]\S PUBLICATIONS  
CALL+ ON ! MASSES TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ?IS EVIL4 ,IT CAN FIRMLY BE /AT$  
?AT 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ANTI-,SEMITISM 9 ! ,UKRA9E & BEYOND ITS  
BORD]S1 !IR ACCOMPLI%M5T WAS 5ORM\S4 ,WE HAVE AT H& AN APPEAL PUBLI%$  
BY ,MAKHNOVI/S TOGE!R ) AN>*I/S REF]R+ TO AN ANTI-,SEMITIC 9CID5T  
:I* TOOK PLACE 9 ! SPR+ ( #aiai - AN 9CID5T :I* WAS UND\BT$LY  
L9K$ TO ! BEG9N+ ( ,D5IK9'S G5]AL (F5SIVE AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION4  
,H]E IS AN ABRIDG$ V]SION ( ! TEXT3 

,W,O,R,K,],S1 ,P,E,A,S,A,N,T,S ,& ,9,S,U,R,G,5,T,S 
,= ,! ,O,P,P,R,E,S,S,$1 
,A,G,A,9,/ ,!  
,O,P,P,R,E,S,S,O,R,S - ,A,L,W,A,Y,S6 

   

,DUR+ ! PA9FUL DAYS ( REACTION1 :5 ! SITUATION ( ! ,UKRA9IAN  
  PEASANTS WAS ESPECIALLY DIFFICULT & SEEM$ HOPELESS1 Y\ W]E ! FIR/ TO  
  RISE AS FE>LESS & UNCONQU]ABLE FI<T]S = ! GREAT CAUSE ( !  
  LIB]ATION ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 4 4 ,?IS WAS ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL & JOYFUL  
  MOM5T 9 ! HI/ORY ( \R REVOLUTION4 ,Y\ M>*$ AGA9/ ! 5EMY )  
  WEAPONS 9 Y\R H&S AS CONSCI\S REVOLUTION>IES1 GUID$ BY ! GREAT IDEA  
  ( FRE$OM & EQUALITY4 4 4 ,BUT H>MFUL & CRIM9AL ELEM5TS SUCCE$$ 9  
  9S9UAT+ !MSELVES 9TO Y\R RANKS4 ,& ! REVOLUTION>Y SONGS1 SONGS (  
  BRO!RHOOD & ( ! APPROA*+ LIB]ATION ( ! WORK]S1 BEGAN TO BE  
  DISRUPT$ BY ! H>R[+ CRIES ( POOR ,JEWS :O W]E BE+ TORM5T$ TO  
  DEA?4 4 4 ,ON ! CLE> & SPL5DID F\NDATION ( ! REVOLUTION APPE>$ 9  
  DELIBLE D>K BLOTS CAUS$ BY ! P>*$ BLOOD ( POOR ,JEWI% M>TYRS :O N[1  
  AS BE=E1 CONT9UE TO BE 9NOC5T VICTIMS ( ! CRIM9AL REACTION1 ( !  
  CLASS /RUGGLE4444 ,%AMEFUL ACTS >E BE+ C>RI$ \T4 ,ANTI-,SEMITIC POGROMS  
  >E TAK+ PLACE4 
   

,PEASANTS1 WORK]S & 9SURG5TS6 ,Y\ KN[ ?AT ! WORK]S ( ALL  
  NATIONALITIES - ,RUSSIANS1 ,JEWS1 ,POLES ,G]MANS1 ,>M5IANS1 ETC4 - >E EQUALLY  
  IMPRISON$ 9 ! ABYSS ( POV]TY4 ,Y\ KN[ ?AT ?\S&S ( ,JEWI% GIRLS1  
  DAU<T]S ( ! PEOPLE1 >E SOLD & DI%ONOR$ BY CAPITAL1 ! SAME AS WOM5  
  ( O!R NATIONALITIES4 ,Y\ KN[ H[ MANY HONE/ & VALIANT REVOLUTION>Y  
  ,JEWI% FI<T]S HAVE GIV5 !IR LIVES = FRE$OM 9 ,RUSSIA DUR+ \R :OLE  
  LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 4 4 ,! REVOLUTION & ! HONOR ( WORK]S OBLIGES ALL  
  ( US TO DECL>E AS L\DLY AS POSSIBLE ?AT WE MAKE W> ON ! SAME 5EMIES3  
  ON CAPITAL & AU?ORITY1 :I* OPPRESS ALL WORK]S EQUALLY1 :E!R !Y BE  
  ,RUSSIAN1 ,POLI%1 ,JEWI%1 ETC4 ,WE MU/ PROCLAIM EV]Y:]E ?AT \R 5EMIES >E  
  EXPLOIT]S & OPPRESSORS ( V>I\S NATIONALITIES3 ! ,RUSSIAN MANUFACTUR]1  
  ! ,G]MAN IRON MAGNATE1 ! ,JEWI% BANK]1 ! ,POLI% >I/OCRAT4 4 4 ,!  
  B\RGEOISIE ( ALL C\NTRIES & ALL NATIONALITIES IS UNIT$ 9 A BITT]  
  /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION1 AGA9/ ! LABOR+ MASSES ( ! :OLE  
  WORLD & ( ALL NATIONALITIES4 
   

,PEASANTS1 WORK]S & 9SURG5TS6 ,AT ?IS MOM5T :5 ! 9T]NATIONAL  
  5EMY - ! B\RGEOISIE ( ALL C\NTRIES - HURRIES TO ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION  
  TO CREATE NATIONALI/ HATR$ AMONG ! MASS ( WORK]S 9 ORD] TO DI/ORT !  
  REVOLUTION & TO %AKE ! V]Y F\NDATION ( \R CLASS /RUGGLE - !  
  SOLID>ITY & UNITY ( ALL WORK]S - Y\ MU/ MOVE AGA9/ CONSCI\S &  
  UNCONSCI\S C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES :O 5DANG] ! EMANCIPATION ( !  
  WORK+ PEOPLE FROM CAPITAL & AU?ORITY4 ,Y\R REVOLUTION>Y DUTY IS TO  
  /IFLE ALL NATIONALI/ P]SECUTION BY DEAL+ RU?LESSLY ) ALL 9/IGATORS  
  ( ANTI-,SEMITIC POGROMS4 
   

,! PA? T[>D ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S CAN BE REA*$ BY ! UNION  
  ( ALL ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD4 
   

,LONG LIVE ! WORK]S' 9T]NATIONAL6 
,LONG LIVE ! FREE & /ATELESS  
  AN>*I/ COMMUNE6 

   
     

7SIGN$7 
,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,MILIT>Y ,C\NCIL  
    ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION4 
0,NABAT0 ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P 9 ,GULYAI  
    ,POLYE4 
,COMM&] ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,9SURRECTION>Y ,>MY1 ,BATKO  
    ,MAKHNO4 
,*IEF ( ,/AFF ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ ,9SURRECTION>Y ,>MY1 ,B4  
    ,V]ETEL'NIKOV4 
     

,VILLAGE ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE ,MAY #a#i#a#i4 

  
,APP5DIX TO ,*APT] #a 

,ORD] ,NO4 #a 

.<,?IS ORD] WAS PUBLI%$ AT ! TIME ( ! UNIFICATION & ORGANIZATION (  
ALL ! 9SURRECTION>Y =CES 9TO A S+LE >MY2 :51 AFT] ! =C$  
RETREAT FROM ! REGION ( ,GULYAI-,POLYE1 ! DETA*M5TS :O HAD S]V$ UND]  
,GRIGOR'EV & ! ,R$ ,>MY TROOPS :O HAD COME FROM ,NOVY ,BUG TO JO9 !  
,MAKHNOVI/S W]E 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! 9SURRECTION>Y >MY 9 ! REGION (  
,ELISAVETGRAD ,POMO%*NAYA4.> 

   

,FROM ! ,COMM&] ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURRECTION>Y ,>MY1  
  ,BATKO ,MAKHNO4 ,TO ALL ! COMM&]S ( ! 9FANTRY3 CORPS1 BRIGADES1  
  REGIM5TS1 BATALLIONS1 COMPANIES1 PLATOONS1 & SECTIONS2 CAVALRY3 BRIGADES1  
  REGIM5TS1 SQUADRONS1 & PLATOONS2 >TILL]Y3 DIVISIONS1 BAT T]IES4 ,TO ALL  
  HEADS ( /AFFS1 G>RISONS4 ,TO ALL REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5TS )\T  
  EXCEPTION4 
   

#a4 ,! GOAL ( \R REVOLUTION>Y >MY1 & ( EV]Y 9SURG5T P>TICIPAT+  
  9 IT1 IS AN HONORABLE /RUGGLE = ! FULL LIB]ATION ( ! ,UKRA9IAN  
  WORK]S FROM ALL OPPRESSION4 ,?IS IS :Y EV]Y 9SURG5T %\LD CON/ANTLY  
  KEEP 9 M9D ?AT !RE IS NO PLACE AMONG US = ?OSE :O1 UND] ! COV] (  
  ! REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTION1 SEEK TO SATISFY !IR DESIRES = P]SONAL  
  PR(IT1 VIOL5CE & PLUND] AT ! EXP5SE ( ! PEACEFUL ,JEWI%  
  POPULATION4 
   

#b4 ,EV]Y REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5T %\LD REMEMB] ?AT HIS P]SONAL 5EMIES  
  AS WELL AS ! 5EMIES ( ALL ! PEOPLE >E ! RI* B\RGEOISIE1 REG>DLESS  
  ( :E!R !Y BE ,RUSSIAN1 OR ,JEWI%1 OR ,UKRA9IAN4 ,! 5EMIES ( !  
  WORK+ PEOPLE >E ALSO ?OSE :O PROTECT ! UNJU/ B\RGEOIS REGIME1 I4E41  
  ! ,SOVIET ,COMMISS>S1 ! MEMB]S ( REPRESSIVE EXP$ITION>Y CORPS1 !  
  ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSIONS :I* GO ?R\< ! CITIES & VILLAGES TORTUR+  
  ! WORK+ PEOPLE :O REFUSE TO SUBMIT TO !IR >BITR>Y DICTATOR%IP4 ,EV]Y  
  9SURG5T %\LD >RE/ & S5D TO ! >MY /AFF ALL REPRES5TATIVES ( SU*  
  EXP$ITION>Y CORPS1 ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,COMMISSIONS & O!R 9/ITUTIONS :I*  
  OPPRESS & SUBJUGATE ! PEOPLE2 IF !Y RESI/1 !Y %\LD BE %OT ON !  
  SPOT4 ,AS = ANY VIOL5CE DONE TO PEACEFUL WORK]S ( :ATEV] NATIONALITY -  
  SU* ACTS >E UNWOR?Y ( ANY REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5T1 & ! P]PETRATOR (  
  SU* ACTS WILL BE PUNI%$ BY DEA?4 
   

#c4 ,ALL ACTS ( 9DIVIDUAL REQUISITION OR CONFISCATION AS WELL AS ANY  
  EX*ANGE ( HORSES OR VEHICLES ) ! PEASANTS )\T WRITT5 AU?ORIZATION  
  FROM ! SUPPLY COMM&] WILL BE SEV]ELY PUNI%$4 ,EV]Y 9SURG5T %\LD  
  REALIZE ?AT REQUISITIONS ( ?IS TYPE W\LD ONLY ATTRACT TO ! RANKS ( !  
  9SURRECTION>Y >MY HOOLIGANS ( ! WOR/ TYPE1 9DIVIDUALS ?IR/+ =  
  WEAL? & EAG] TO C>RY \T %AMEFUL ACTS :I* DI/ORT \R LIB]ATORY  
  REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T UND] ! V]Y COV] ( ! REVOLUTION>Y  
  9SURRECTION4 
   

,I APPEAL TO ALL 9SURG5T MILITANTS TO TAKE IT UPON !MSELVES TO PROTECT  
  ! HONOR ( \R TRULY REVOLU TION>Y 9SURRECTION>Y >MY BY OPPOS+ EV]Y  
  UNJU/ ACT EI!R AMONG \RSELVES OR AMONG ! WORK+ PEOPLE :OM WE >E 
  DEF5D+4.< I4E4 TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ 9JU/ICE 9 ! 9SURG5TS' [N  
  5VIRONM5T & 9 ! 9SURG5TS' RELATIONS TO ! 5VIRONM5T ( ! WORK+  
  PEOPLE - ,P4,A4.> ,WE CANNOT PRACTICE 9JU/ICE AMONG \RSELVES4 ,WE CANNOT  
  MI/REAT EV5 ONE SON OR DAU<T] ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE = :OM WE >E  
  FI<T+4 ,& EV]Y 9SURG5T :O TAKES P>T 9 SU* AN ACT COV]S HIMSELF  
  ) %AME & BR+S UPON HIMSELF ! PUNI%M5T ( ! POPUL> REVOLUTION>Y  
  >MY4  
   

#d4 ,9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! REVOLUTION & ( A JU/ /RUGGLE = \R IDEALS  
  IT IS NECESS>Y TO MA9TA9 ! MO/ RIGOR\S FRAT]NAL DISCIPL9E 9 \R  
  RANKS4 ,! GREATE/ RESPECT & OB$I5CE 9 MILIT>Y MATT]S T[>D Y\R  
  *OS5 COMM&]S >E ABSOLUTELY 9DIS P5SABLE4 ,?IS IS REQUIR$ BY !  
  IMPORTANCE ( ! CAUSE :I* HAS FALL5 TO US TO DEF5D1 :I* WE WILL  
  HONORABLY C>RY TO ITS CONCLUSION1 BUT :I* WE WILL LOSE IF WE DO NOT  
  MA9TA9 DISCIPL9E AMONG \RSELVES4 ,?IS IS :Y ,I REQUIRE ! COMM&]S &  
  ! 9SURG5TS TO MA9TA9 /RICT DISCIPL9E AMONG !MSELVES & 9 ALL !IR  
  ACTIONS4 
   

#e4 ,DRUNK5NESS IS TO BE CONSID]$ A CRIME4 ,IT IS A /ILL GREAT] CRIME =  
  A REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5T TO %[ HIMSELF DRUNK 9 ! /REET4 
   

#f4 ,EV]Y 9SURG5T TRAVEL+ FROM ONE VILLAGE TO ANO!R %\LD BE READY  
  = COMBAT4 ,! RELATIONS ) ! PEACEFUL POPULATION 9 ! VILLAGES & ON  
  ! ROADS %\LD BE ABOVE ALL AMICABLE & COMRADELY4 ,REMEMB]1 COMRADE  
  COMM&]S & 9SURG5TS1 ?AT WE >E ! SONS ( ! GREAT WORK+ PEOPLE1  
  ?AT ALL ! WORK]S >E \R BRO!RS & \R SI/]S4 ,! CAUSE = :I* WE  
  FI<T IS A GREAT ONE1 :I* DEM&S ?AT WE BE UNTIR+1 G5]\S1 FULL (  
  BRO!RLY LOVE & REVOLUTION>Y HONOR4 ,?AT IS :Y ,I CALL ON ALL  
  REVOLUTION>Y 9SURG5TS TO BE REAL FRI5DS ( ! PEOPLE & TRUE SONS ( !  
  REVOLUTION4 ,?IS IS ! S\RCE ( \R P[] & ! GU>ANTEE ( \R VICTORY4  
  7SIGN$7 
   
     

,COMM&] ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURRECTION>Y ,>MY1 ,BATKO  
    ,MAKHNO4 
,HAMLET ( ,DOBROVELI*KOVKA1 
GOV]NM5T ( ,KH]SON4 
,AUGU/  
    #e1 #a#i#a#i4 

7,S\RCE3 ,TEXT FROM ,! ,/RUGGLE COLLECTION47 

,FROM 3 ,NE/OR,MAKHNO49FO4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,SEPTEMB] #e1 #aiai 3 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S ON ! ,NATIONAL & ,JEWI% ,QUE/IONS -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,M>* #b#i1 #bba 3 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S ON ! ,NATIONAL & ,JEWI% ,QUE/IONS -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S ON ! ,NATIONAL & ,JEWI% ,QUE/IONS -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/