,! ,MAKHNOV%*9A & ,ANTI-,SEMITISM 

#aibg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TEXT 3 

,= ! PA/ SEV5 YE>S1 ALMO/1 ! 5EMIES ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T HAVE WALL[$ 9 SO MANY LIES AB\T IT ?AT ONE MI<T M>VEL ?AT !SE PEOPLE DO NOT TAKE A R$ FACE1 ONCE 9 A :ILE AT LEA/4 ,IT IS RA!R *>ACT]I/IC ?AT !SE %AMELESS LIES DIRECT$ AGA9/ MYSELF & ! ,MAKHNOVI/ 9SURG5TS1 9DE$ AGA9/ \R MOVEM5T AS A :OLE1 CAN UNITE FOLK FROM V]Y DIFF]5T SOCIO-POLITICAL CAMPS3 AMONG !M ONE CAN F9D J\RNALI/S ( EV]Y P]SUASION1 WRIT]S1 S*OL>S & LAYM5 :O PLACE OB/ACLES 9 !IR PA?1 MAV]ICKS & SPECULATORS1 :O OCCASIONALLY HAVE NO HESITATION 9 PUTT+ !MSELVES =W>D AS PA?F9D]S = AVANT-G>DE REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS4 ,ONE CAN ALSO COME ACROSS SUPPOS$ AN>*I/S1 LIKE ,YANOVSKY1 FROM ! 
 ,FREIE ,>BEIT] ,/IMME4 ,ALL SU* FOLK1 FOLK ( EV]Y P]SUASION & EV]Y HUE1 HAVE NO %AME AB\T EMPLOY+ LIES AGA9/ US1 )\T EV5 KN[+ US1 SOMETIMES )\T ANY REAL BELIEF 9 !IR [N ALLEGATIONS4 ,SU* LIES >E R\ND$ (F ) 9NU5DO1 :I* CONSI/S ( =EV] & ALWAYS RAIL+ AT US1 )\T ANY ATTEMPT TO V]IFY ! GR\NDS = ?AT RANT+ & RAV+4 ,9 FACT1 :]E >E ! PROBABLE GR\NDS TO JU/IFY ?IS HY/]IA 9 ! SLI<TE/ DEGREE8 ,A LITTLE :ILE AGO1 ALL !SE B>E-FAC$ LIES AGA9/ US ,MAKHNOVI/S1 ALLEG+ US TO HAVE BE5 POGROMI/S1 )\T (F]+ ONE %R$ ( EVID5CE OR ANY SORT ( AU!NTICATION1 L$ ME TO ADDRESS ! WORLD'S ,JEWS ?R\< ! GOOD (FICES ( ! ,FR5* & ,RUSSIAN LIB]T>IAN PRESS1 TO ASK !M TO SPELL \T ! S\RCES ( ALL !SE ABSURDITIES1 SO AS TO SUPPLY SPECIFIC DETAILS REG>D+ POGROMS1 9CITEM5T OR 9/IGATION ( POGROMS C>RI$ \T OR LAUN*$ BY ! ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S' REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T L$ BY ME4 

,! WELL KN[N ,P>ISIAN ',FAUB\RG' ,CLUB WAS ALONE 9 REPLY+ TO MY 0,APPEAL TO ! ,JEWS ( ,ALL ,C\NTRIES04 ,?R\< ! PRESS1 ! CLUB MANAG]S LET IT BE KN[N ?AT1 AT A MEET+ ON #bc ,JUNE #a#i#b#g1 ! FOLL[+ QUE/ION W\LD COME UP = DEBATE3 0,WAS ',G5]AL' ,MAKHNO ! FRI5D ( ! ,JEWS OR DID HE P>TICIPATE 9 !IR SLAU<T]80 ,IT WAS ADD$ ?AT \R ,FR5* COMRADE ,LECO9 W\LD BE SPEAK+ 9 DEF5SE ( ,MAKHNO4 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT AS SOON AS ,I LE>N$ ( ! HOLD+ ( ?IS ',FAUB\RG' DEBATE1 ,I IMM$IATELY APPROA*$ ! CLUB *AIRMAN1 ,POLDES1 REQUE/+ HIM BY LETT] ?AT ,LECO9 BE )DRAWN & ?AT ,I BE AF=D$ ! OPPORTUNITY TO ADDRESS ! CLUB ON MY [N BEHALF4 ,FOLL[+ A POSITIVE REPLY1 ,I APPE>$ BE=E ! ASSEMBL$ CLUB ON #bc ,JUNE #a#i#b#g4 

,H[EV]1 ! P>TICUL> MANN] 9 :I* DEBATES W]E CONDUCT$ 9 ?AT CLUB & ! FACT ?AT ! MATT] ( CONC]N TO ME WAS DEALT ) ONLY T[>DS ! CLOSE ( ! PROCE$+S MEANT ?AT ,I WAS ONLY ABLE TO MAKE MYSELF HE>D V]Y LATE ON1 >\ND #a#a3 ,P4,M4 & ,I WAS NOT ABLE TO GO 9TO ! MATT] ?OR\<LY4 ,! BE/ ,I MANAG$ WAS TO BROA* ! SUBJECT BY DEAL+ ) ! HI/ORICAL NATURE1 S\RCES & PATT]NS ( ANTI-,SEMITISM 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 

,P]HAPS MY 5EMIES WILL MAKE CAPITAL \T ( ?IS FACTOR :I* WAS BEYOND MY CONTROL & ABOVE ALL ( ! FACT ?AT ,I WAS B\ND H& & FOOT BY IT4 ,9 FACT1 ACCORD+ TO ,FR5* POLICE REGULATIONS1 ,I WAS =BIDD5 TO COMMUNICATE ) MY LIKE-M9D$ ,FR5* COLLEAGUES3 AS A RESULT1 !RE WAS NO WAY ?AT ,I C\LD HAVE ORGANIZ$ A PUBLIC MEET+ ( MY [N TO PUT MY REBUTTAL ( !SE SL&]S4 ,ALSO1 SOME PEOPLE HAVE BRAZ5LY LI$ & TALK$ AB\T MY HAV+ BE5 0TRI$0 9 ,P>IS4 ,?IS IS A FUR!R LIE1 :I* HAS BE5 TAK5 UP BY MY 5EMIES1 HYPOCRITICAL DEF5D]S ( ! RI<TS & 9DEP5D5CE ( ! ,JEWI% PEOPLE :O HAVE SUFF]$ SO MU* OV] ! PA/ ?IRTY YE>S 9 ,RUSSIA & ! ,UKRA9E4 

,CAN ! FACTS BE SQU>$ 9 ANY DEGREE AT ALL ) !SE LIES8 ,ALL ( ! ,JEWI% TOIL]S ( ! ,UKRA9E1 AS WELL AS ALL O!R ,UKRA9IAN TOIL]S >E WELL AW>E ?AT ! MOVEM5T ( :I* ,I WAS = YE>S ! LEAD] WAS A G5U9E REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' MOVEM5T4 ,AT NO TIME DID ?AT MOVEM5T SEEK TO DIVIDE ! PRACTICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! DECEIV$1 EXPLOIT$ & OPPRESS$ TOIL]S ON GR\NDS ( RACE4 ,QUITE ! OPPOSITE3 IT AIM$ TO UNITE !M 9TO A MI<TY REVOLUTION>Y UNION CAPABLE ( TAK+ ACTION AGA9/ !IR OPPRESSORS1 ESPECIALLY AGA9/ ! ,D5IK9I/S :O W]E DY$-9-!-WOOL ANTI-,SEMITES4 ,AT NO TIME DID ! MOVEM5T MAKE IT ITS BUS9ESS TO C>RY \T POGROMS AGA9/ ,JEWS NOR DID IT EV] 5C\RAGE ANY4 ,:AT IS MORE1 ! VANGU>D ( ! ,UKRA9E'S 7,MAKHNOVI/7 REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T CONTA9$ MANY ,JEWI% TOIL]S4 ,! ,GULYAI-,POLYE 9FANTRY REGIM5T = 9/ANCE HAD ONE COMPANY MADE UP EXCLUSIVELY ( TWO HUNDR$ ,JEWI% TOIL]S4 ,!RE WAS ALSO A F\R-PIECE >TILL]Y BATT]Y1 ! GUNN]S & DEF5SE UNIT ( :I* W]E ALL ,JEWS1 COMM&] 9CLUD$4 ,& !RE W]E LOTS ( ,JEWI% TOIL]S 9 ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T :O1 = P]SONAL REASONS1 PREF]R$ TO BL5D 9 ) MIX$ REVOLUTION>Y FI<T+ UNITS4 ,!SE W]E ALL FREE FI<T]S1 VOLUNTE] 5LI/M5TS :O F\<T HONE/LY ON BEHALF ( ! JO9T 5DEAVORS ( ! TOIL]S4 ,!SE ANONYM\S FI<T]S HAD !IR REPRES5TATIVES 9SIDE ! ECONOMIC BODIES REVICTUAL+ ! 5TIRE >MY4 ,ALL ( :I* MAY BE V]IFI$ ) ! ,JEWI% COLONIES & VILLAGES 9 ! ,GULYAI-,POLYE REGION4 

,ALL SU* ,JEWI% 9SURG5T TOIL]S W]E UND] MY COMM& = A LONG P]IOD1 NOT = DAYS OR MON?S1 BUT RA!R = 5TIRE YE>S4 ,ALL W]E WITNESSES TO ! MANN] 9 :I* #a1 ! ,/AFF & ! 5TIRE >MY CONDUCT$ \RSELVES ) REG>D TO ANTI-,SEMITISM & ! POGROMS ?AT >OSE FROM IT4 

,EV]Y ATTEMPT$ POGROM OR LOOT+ FROM \R SIDE WAS NIPP$ 9 ! BUD4 ,ALL F\ND GUILTY ( SU* ACTS W]E 9V>IABLY %OT \T ( H& = !IR MISDE$S4 ,?IS WAS ! CASE = 9/ANCE 9 ,MAY #a#i#a#i1 :5 SOME PEASANT 9SURG5TS FROM ,NOVO-,USP5OVKA1 ON LEAV+ ! FRONT L9E = SOME RE/ 9 ! RE>1 CAME UPON TWO DECOMPOS$ CORPSES NE> A ,JEWI% SETTLEM5T3 ASSUM+ !SE TO BE ! CORPSES ( 9SURG5TS MURD]$ BY MEMB]S ( ! ,JEWI% COLONY1 !Y V5T$ !IR SPLE5 ON ! COLONY & SLAU<T]$ >\ND ?IRTY ( ITS 9HABITANTS4 ,?AT SAME DAY1 MY ,/AFF DISPAT*$ A COMMISSION ( 9QUIRY TO ! COLONY4 ,IT DISCOV]$ ! TRACKS ( ! P]PETRATORS ( ! BUT*]Y4 ,I IMM$IATELY S5T A SPECIAL DETA*M5T TO !IR VILLAGE TO PLACE !M UND] >RE/4 ,?OSE RESPONSIBLE = ! ATTACK ON ! ,JEWI% COLONY1 NAMELY SIX 9DIVIDUALS1 ONE ( !M ! ,BOL%EVIK DI/RICT COMMISS>1 W]E ALL %OT ON #ac ,MAY #a#i#a#i4 

,! SAME ?+ HAPP5$ 9 ,JULY #a#i#a#i1 :5 ,I F\ND MYSELF CAU<T 9 ! CROSSFIRE BETWE5 ,D5IK9 & ,TROTSKY - ,TROTSKY WAS !N PROMIS+ HIS ,P>TY ?AT 0IT WAS BETT] ?AT ! ,UKRA9E BE SURR5D]$ TO ,D5IK9 9 ITS 5TIRETY ?AN ! POSSIBILITY ( ! ,MAKHNOV%S*9A'S EXP&+ BE ALL[$ TO >ISE0 & ,I WAS =C$ TO CROSS OV] TO ! RI<T BANK ( ! ,DNIEPR4 ,?IS WAS :5 ,I MET ) ! FAM\S ,GRIGORIEV1 ! ATAMAN ( ! ,KH]SON REGION4 ,MISL$ BY ! 9ANE RUMORS CIRCULAT+ AB\T ME & ! 9SURG5T MOVEM5T1 ,GRIGORIEV S\<T TO CONCLUDE AN ALLIANCE ) ME & MY ,/AFF ) AN EYE TO WAG+ A CONC]T$ CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ,D5IK9 & ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,TALKS W]E OP5$ ON ! CONDITION1 :I* ,I REQUIR$1 ?AT1 )9 TWO WEEKS1 ATAMAN ,GRIGORIEV FURNI% MY ,/AFF & ! ,SOVIET ( ! 7,MAKHNOVI/7 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,9SURG5T ,>MY ( ! ,UKRA9E ) DOCUM5TS PROV+ ?AT ALL REPORTS ( POGROMS C>RI$ \T BY HIM ON TWO OR ?REE OCCASIONS AGA9/ ! ,JEWS ( ,ELIZAVETGRAD W]E BASELESS1 GIV5 ?AT1 ) TIME AT A PREMIUM1 ,I WAS NOT ABLE TO AU!NTICATE !M = MYSELF4 

,?AT CONDITION GAVE ,GRIGORIEV SOME?+ TO ?9K AB\T3 !N1 AS A GOOD SOLDI] & /RATEGI/1 HE CONS5T$4 ,TO PROVE TO ME ?AT HE C\LD 9 NO WAY BE A POGROMI/1 HE BOA/$ ( ! FACT ?AT HIS RET9UE 9CLUD$ A ,UKRA9IAN REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY4 ,!N1 ACCUS+ ME ( HAV+ ISSU$ AN 0,APPEAL0 AGA9/ HIM1 9 ! NAME ( MY ,/AFF1 :]E9 HE HAD BE5 D5\NC$ AS AN 5EMY ( ! REVOLUTION1 9 TOK5 ( HIS GOOD FAI? ,GRIGORIEV 9TRODUC$ TO ME SEV]AL POLITICAL REPRES5TATIVES :O ATT5D$ HIM3 ,NIKOLAI ,KOPORNITSKY ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY1 ,SELIANSKY 7ALIAS ,GOROBETS7 & ,KOLIUZHNY ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY4 

,?IS HAPP5$ AT A TIME :5 ,I WAS ON ! \TSKIRTS ( ,ELIZAVETGRAD ) MY MA9 COMBAT DETA*M5T4 ,I DEEM$ IT 9CUMB5T UPON ME AS A REVOLUTION>Y TO AVAIL ( ?IS OPPORTUNITY TO V]IFY = MYSELF JU/ :AT ! ATAMAN ,GRIGORIEV MI<T HAVE DONE DUR+ HIS OCCUPATION ( ! T[N4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 SOME 9T]CEPT$ ,D5IK9I/ AG5TS REVEAL$ TO ME ?AT1 UNBEKN[N/ TO ! TOIL]S ( ! ,KH]SON REGION1 ,GRIGORIEV WAS PREP>+ TO COORD9ATE HIS MOVEM5TS ) ! ,D5IK9I/ HEADQU>T]S 9 A BUILDUP TO A CONC]T$ CAMPAIGN AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,FROM 9HABITANTS ( ,ELIZAVETGRAD & NEI<BOR+ VILLAGES1 AS WELL AS FROM SOME P>TISANS FROM ,GROGORIEV'S UNITS1 ,I LE>N$ ?AT EV]Y TIME HE HAD OCCUPI$ ! T[N ,JEWS HAD BE5 MASSACR$4 ,9 HIS PRES5CE & ON HIS ORD]S1 HIS P>TISANS HAD MURD]$ NE>LY TWO ?\S& ,JEWS1 9CLUD+ ! FL[] ( ! ,JEWI% Y\?3 MANY MEMB]S ( ! AN>*I/1 ,BOL%EVIK & SOCIALI/ Y\? ORGANIZATIONS4 ,SOME ( !SE HAD EV5 BE5 TAK5 FROM PRISON = SLAU<T]4 

,UPON LE>N+ ALL ?IS1 ,I PROMPTLY DECL>$ ,GRIGORIEV1 ! ATAMAN ( ,KH]SON - A 0,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y0 7SIC7 - A ,D5IK9I/ AG5T & OP5 POGROMI/1 DIRECTLY CULPABLE = ! ACTIONS ( HIS SUPPORT]S AGA9/ ,JEWS4 

,AT ! ,S5TOVO MEET+ ON #bg ,JULY #a#i#a#i1 ,GRIGORIEV WAS D5\NC$ = :AT HE WAS & EXECUT$ ON ! SPOT = ALL TO SEE4 ,?AT EXECUTION & ! REASONS = IT W]E ANN\NC$ ?US3 0,! POGROMI/ ,GRIGORIEV HAS BE5 EXECUT$ BY ,MAKHNOVI/ LEAD]S3 ,BATKO ,MAKHNO1 ,SEMYON ,K>ETNIK & ,ALEXIS ,*UB5KO4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T ACCEPTS FULL RESPONSIBILITY BE=E ,HI/ORY = ?IS ACTION40 ,?AT DECL>ATION WAS 5DORS$ BY ! MEMB]S ( ! ,SOVIET ( ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY MEMB]S PRES5T1 9CLUD+ ,NIKOLAI ,KOPORNITSKY 7,N,O,T,E3 ,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS ,SELIANSKY & ,KOLIUZHNY HAD VANI%$ UTT]LY FOLL[+ ! EXECUTION ( 
,GRIGORIEV47 

,?AT WAS ! SORT ( TREATM5T ,I ALWAYS RES]V$ = ?OSE :O HAD C>RI$ \T POGROMS OR W]E 9 ! ?ROES ( PREP>+ !M4 ,& LOOT]S W]E NOT SP>$ EI!R1 :E!R FROM ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY'S [N RANKS OR \TSID]S4 ,= EXAMPLE ?IS IS :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,AUGU/ #aib :5 TWO DETA*M5TS ( ,PETLIURI/ NATIONALI/ LEAN+S1 UND] ! COMM& ( ,LEV*5KO & ,MATYAN%A1 5CIRCL$ BY US1 S5T EMISS>IES TO US TO SUGGE/ ?AT !Y BE 9CORPORAT$ 9TO \R RANKS4 ,! ,/AFF & ,I RECEIV$ !M & AGRE$ ?AT !Y C\LD BE 5LI/$3 H[EV]1 AS SOON AS WE REALIZ$ ?AT ! NATIONALI/IC ELEM5TS FROM !SE DETA*M5TS W]E 5GAG+ 9 LOOT+ & BLATANT ANTI-,SEMITISM1 WE %OT !M \T ( H&1 9 ! VILLAGE ( ,AV]ESKI1 9 ,POLTAVA PROV9CE4 ,A FEW DAYS LAT]1 !IR COMM&] ,MATYAN%A WAS ALSO %OT = HIS PROVOCATIVE BEHAVIOR 9 ! T[N ( ,Z9KOV 7,POLTAVA PROV9CE74 ,HIS DETA*M5T WAS /RIPP$ ( ITS WEAPONS & MO/ ( ITS MEMB]S CA%I]$4 

,9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b1 !RE WAS A REPEAT ( ?IS ) ,R$ ,>MY TROOPS1 :5 WE SUCCESSFULLY )/OOD ! ONSLAU<T FROM ,BUDY5NY'S CAVALRY & COMPLETELY R\T$ ! ,X,I,V? ,DIVISION ( HIS >MY1 NE> ! VILLAGE ( ,PETROVO 9 ! ,ALEX&ROVSK DI/RICT1 FOLL[$ BY ! ,X,I,V? ,CAVALRY ,DIVISION1 TAK+ ! 5TIRE COMM& & ,/AFF PRISON]S 9 ! LATT] 9/ANCE4 ,MANY PRISON]S FROM ! ,X,I? ,DIVISION EXPRESS$ AN 9T]E/ 9 JO9+ ! ,9SURG5T ,>MY TO COMBAT ! AUTOCRATIC POLITICAL COMMISS>S AS !Y DESCRIB$ !M4 ,AS !Y W]E CROSS+ ! ,KH]SON REGION & REA*$ ! VILLAGE ( ,DOBROVELIT*KA1 OV] HALF ( ! POPULATION ( :I* WAS ,JEWI%1 C]TA9 =M] ,BUDY5NYI/ OR ,PETLIURI/ CAVALRYM51 ACT+ ON ! RUMORS CURR5T 9 !IR =M] UNITS REG>D+ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S' HO/ILITY T[>DS ! 0,YIDS01 SET AB\T LOOT+ ! HOMES ( ! ,JEWI% VILLAG]S4 ,AS SOON AS ?IS CAME TO ! ATT5TION ( EXP]I5C$ ,MAKHNOVI/S1 !Y W]E ALL >RE/$ & %OT ON ! SPOT4 

,?US1 ?R\<\T ITS 5TIRE EXI/5CE1 ! ,MAKHNOV%S*9A TOOK AN UNCOMPROMIS+ L9E ON ! ANTI-,SEMITISM ( POGROMI/S3 ?IS WAS BECAUSE IT WAS A G5U9ELY REVOLUTION>Y TOIL]S' MOVEM5T 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 

7,S\RCE3 ,DELO ,TRUDA1 ,NO4 #c-#c#a1 ,NOVEMB]-,DECEMB] #a#i#b#g1 PP4 #a#e-#a#h4  ,TEXT FROM 0,! ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE & O!R ESSAYS0 BY ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO1 $IT$ BY ,ALEX&RE ,SIRDA1 TRANSLAT$ BY ,PAUL ,%>KEY1 PUBLI%$ BY ,A,K ,PRESS47 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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