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,! ,ROLE ( ! ,MASS ,/RIKE 9 ! ,REVOLUTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ! MASS /RIKE 9 ,RUSSIA DOES NOT REPRES5T AN >TIFICIAL PRODUCT ( PREM$ITAT$ TACTICS ON ! P>T ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 BUT A NATURAL HI/ORICAL PH5OM5ON ON ! BASIS ( ! PRES5T REVOLUTION4 ,N[ :AT >E ! FACTORS :I* 9 ,RUSSIA HAVE BR\<T =? ?IS NEW PH5OM5AL =M ( ! REVOLUTION8 

,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION HAS = FIR/ TASK ! ABOLITION ( ABSOLUTISM & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A MOD]N B\RGEOIS-P>LIAM5T>Y CON/ITUTIONAL /ATE4 ,IT IS EXACTLY ! SAME 9 =M AS ?AT :I* CONFRONT$ ,G]MANY 9 ! ,M>* #ahdh ,REVOLUTION1 & ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ( ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 ,BUT ! CONDITION1 ! HI/ORICAL MILIEU1 9 :I* !SE =MALLY ANALOG\S REVOLUTIONS TOOK PLACE1 >E FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE ( PRES5T-DAY ,RUSSIA4 ,! ESS5TIAL DIFF]5CE IS ?AT BETWE5 ?OSE B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS 9 ! ,WE/1 & ! CURR5T B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION 9 ! ,EA/1 ! :OLE CYCLE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T HAS RUN ITS C\RSE4 ,& ?IS DEVELOPM5T HAD SEIZ$ NOT ONLY ! ,WE/ ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 BUT ALSO ABSOLUTI/ ,RUSSIA4 ,L>GE-SCALE 9DU/RY ) ALL ITS CONSEQU5CES - MOD]N CLASS DIVISIONS1 ACUTE SOCIAL CONTRA/S1 MOD]N LIFE 9 L>GE CITIES & ! MOD]N PROLET>IAT - HAS BECOME 9 ,RUSSIA ! PREVAIL+ =M1 ?AT IS1 9 SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T ! DECISIVE =M ( PRODUCTION4 

,! REM>KABLE1 CONTRADICTORY1 HI/ORICAL SITUATION RESULTS FROM ?IS ?AT ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ITS =MAL TASKS WILL1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 BE C>RI$ \T BY A MOD]N CLASS-CONSCI\S PROLET>IAT1 & 9 AN 9T]NATIONAL MILIEU :OSE DI/+UI%+ *>ACT]I/IC IS ! RU9 ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,IT IS NOT ! B\RGEOISIE ?AT IS N[ ! DRIV+ =CE ( REVOLUTION AS 9 ! E>LI] REVOLUTIONS ( ! ,WE/1 :ILE ! PROLET>IAN MASSES1 SWAMP$ AMID A PETTY-B\RGEOIS MASS1 SIMPLY FURNI% CANNON-FODD] = ! B\RGEOISIE1 BUT ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS ! CLASS-CONSCI\S PROLET>IAT ?AT IS ! ACTIVE & LEAD+ ELEM5T1 :ILE ! BIG B\RGEOIS TURNS \T TO BE EI!R OP5LY AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION OR LIB]AL MOD]ATES1 & ONLY ! RURAL PETIT-B\RGEOISIE & ! URBAN PETIT-B\RGEOIS 9TELLIG5TSIA >E DEF9ITIVELY OPPOSITIONAL & EV5 REVOLUTION>Y M9D$4 

,! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 H[EV]1 :O >E DE/9$ TO PLAY ! LEAD+ P>T 9 ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 5T] ! FI<T FREE FROM ALL ILLUSIONS ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY1 ) A /RONGLY DEVELOP$ CONSCI\SNESS ( !IR [N SPECIFIC CLASS 9T]E/S1 & AT A TIME :5 ! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR HAS REA*$ ITS HEI<T4 ,?IS CONTRADICTORY SITUATION F9DS EXPRESSION 9 ! FACT ?AT 9 ?IS =MALLY B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 ! ANTAGONISM ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY TO ABSOLUTISM IS GOV]N$ BY ! ANTAGONISM ( ! PROLET>IAT TO B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 ?AT ! /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT TO B\RGEOIS SOCIETY IS DIRECT$ SIMULTANE\SLY & ) EQUAL 5]GY AGA9/ BO? ABSOLUTISM & CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 & ?AT ! PROGRAM ( ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE CONC5TRATES ) EQUAL EMPHASIS ON POLITICAL FRE$OM1 ! W9N+ ( ! EI<T-H\R DAY1 & A HUMAN /&>D ( MAT]IAL EXI/5CE = ! PROLET>IAT4 ,?IS TWO-FOLD *>ACT] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS EXPRESS$ 9 ?AT CLOSE UNION ( ! ECONOMIC ) ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE & 9 !IR MUTUAL 9T]ACTION :I* WE HAVE SE5 IS A FEATURE ( ! ,RUSSIAN EV5TS & :I* F9DS ITS APPROPRIATE EXPRESSION 9 ! MASS /RIKE4 

,9 ! E>LI] B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION :]E1 ON ! ONE H&1 ! POLITICAL TRA9+ & ! LEAD]%IP ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES W]E UND]TAK5 BY ! B\RGEOIS P>TIES1 & :]E1 ON ! O!R H&1 IT WAS M]ELY A QUE/ION ( OV]?R[+ ! OLD GOV]NM5T1 ! BRIEF BATTLE AT ! B>RICADES WAS ! APPROPRIATE =M ( ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,TODAY ! WORK+ CLASS MU/ $UCATE ITSELF1 M>%AL ITS =CES1 & DIRECT ITSELF 9 ! C\RSE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE & ?US ! REVOLUTION IS DIRECT$ AS MU* AGA9/ CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION AS AGA9/ ! ANCI5 REGIME2 SO MU* SO ?AT ! MASS /RIKE APPE>S AS ! NATURAL MEANS TO RECRUIT1 ORGANIZE & PREP>E ! WIDE/ PROLET>IAN LAY]S = REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE1 AS ! MEANS TO UND]M9E & OV]?R[ ! OLD /ATE P[]1 AS WELL AS TO CONTA9 ! CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION4 ,! URBAN 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT IS N[ ! S\L ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,BUT 9 ORD] TO C>RY ?R\< A DIRECT POLITICAL /RUGGLE AS A MASS1 ! PROLET>IAT MU/ FIR/ BE ASSEMBL$ AS A MASS1 & = ?IS PURPOSE !Y MU/ COME \T ( ! FACTORY & WORK%OP1 M9E & F\NDRY1 MU/ OV]COME ! ATOMIZATION & DECAY TO :I* !Y >E CONDEMN$ UND] ! DAILY YOKE ( CAPITALISM4 

,! MASS /RIKE IS ! FIR/ NATURAL1 IMPULSIVE =M ( EV]Y GREAT REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT & ! MORE HI<LY DEVELOP$ ! ANTAGONISM IS BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR1 ! MORE EFFECTIVE & DECISIVE MU/ MASS /RIKES BECOME4 ,! *IEF =M ( PREVI\S B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS1 ! FI<T AT ! B>RICADES1 ! OP5 CONFLICT ) ! >M$ P[] ( ! /ATE1 IS 9 ! REVOLUTION TODAY ONLY ! CULM9AT+ PO9T1 ONLY A MOM5T ON ! PROCESS ( ! PROLET>IAN MASS /RUGGLE4 ,& !RE) 9 ! NEW =M ( ! REVOLUTION !RE IS REA*$ ?AT CIVILIZ+ & MITIGAT+ ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE :I* WAS PROPHESI$ BY ! OPPORTUNI/S ( ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY - ! ,B]N/E9S1 ,DAVIDS1 ETC4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT !SE M5 SAW ! DESIR$ CIVILIZ+ & MITIGAT+ ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ! LI<T ( PETTY B\RGEOIS DEMOCRATIC ILLUSIONS - !Y BELIEV$ ?AT ! CLASS /RUGGLE W\LD %R9K TO AN EXCLUSIVELY P>LIAM5T>Y CONTE/ & ?AT /REET FI<T+ W\LD SIMPLY BE DONE AWAY )4 ,HI/ORY HAS F\ND ! SOLUTION 9 A DEEP] & F9] FA%ION3 9 ! ADV5T ( REVOLUTION>Y MASS /RIKES1 :I*1 ( C\RSE1 9 NO WAY REPLACES BRUTAL /REET FI<TS OR R5D]S !M UNNECESS>Y1 BUT :I* R$UCES !M TO A MOM5T 9 ! LONG P]IOD ( POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 & :I* AT ! SAME TIME UNITES ) ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD & 5ORM\S CULTURAL WORK 9 ! MO/ EXACT S5SE ( ! WORDS3 ! MAT]IAL & 9TELLECTUAL ELEVATION ( ! :OLE WORK+ CLASS ?R\< ! 0CIVILIZ+0 ( ! B>B>IC =MS ( CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION4 

,! MASS /RIKE IS ?US %[N TO BE NOT A SPECIFICALLY ,RUSSIAN PRODUCT1 SPR++ FROM ABSOLUTISM1 BUT A UNIV]SAL =M ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE RESULT+ FROM ! PRES5T /AGE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T & CLASS RELATIONS4 ,FROM ?IS /&PO9T ! ?REE B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS - ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,G]MAN ,REVOLUTION ( ,M>*1 & ! PRES5T ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION - =M A CONT9U\S *A9 ( DEVELOPM5T 9 :I* ! =TUNES & ! 5D ( ! CAPITALI/ C5TURY >E TO BE SE54 ,9 ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION ! /ILL :OLLY UND]DEVELOP$ 9T]NAL CONTRADICTIONS ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY GAVE SCOPE = A LONG P]IOD ( VIOL5T /RUGGLES1 9 :I* ALL ! ANTAGONISMS :I* FIR/ G]M9AT$ & RIP5$ 9 ! HEAT ( ! REVOLUTION RAG$ UNH9D]$ & UNRE/RA9$ 9 A SPIRIT ( RECKLESS RADICALISM4 ,A C5TURY LAT] ! REVOLUTION ( ! ,G]MAN B\RGEOISIE1 :I* BROKE \T MIDWAY 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM1 WAS ALREADY HAMP]$ ON BO? SIDES BY ! ANTAGONISM ( 9T]E/S & ! EQUILIBRIUM ( /R5G? BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR1 & WAS SMO!R$ 9 A B\RGEOIS-FEUDAL COMPROMISE1 & %ORT5$ TO A MIS]ABLE EPISODE 5D+ 9 WORDS4 

,ANO!R HALF C5TURY1 & ! PRES5T ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION /&S AT A PO9T ( ! HI/ORICAL PA? :I* IS ALREADY OV] ! SUMMIT1 :I* IS ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! CULM9AT+ PO9T ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 AT :I* ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS CANNOT AGA9 BE SMO!R$ BY ! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 B\RGEOISIE & PROLET>IAT1 BUT1 WILL1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 EXP& 9TO A NEW L5G?Y P]IOD ( VIOL5T SOCIAL /RUGGLES1 AT :I* ! BALANC+ ( ! ACC\NT ) ABSOLUTISM APPE>S A TRIFLE 9 COMP>ISON ) ! MANY NEW ACC\NTS :I* ! REVOLUTION ITSELF OP5S UP4 ,! PRES5T REVOLUTION REALIZES 9 ! P>TICUL> AFFAIRS ( ABSOLUTI/ ,RUSSIA ! G5]AL RESULTS ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T1 & APPE>S NOT SO MU* AS ! LA/ SUCCESSOR ( ! OLD B\RGEOIS REVOLUTIONS AS ! =]UNN] ( ! NEW S]IES ( PROLET>IAN REVOLUTIONS ( ! ,WE/4 ,! MO/ BACKW>D C\NTRY ( ALL1 JU/ BECAUSE IT HAS BE5 SO UNP>DONABLY LATE ) ITS B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION1 %[S WAYS & ME?ODS ( FUR!R CLASS /RUGGLE TO ! PROLET>IAT ( ,G]MANY & ! MO/ ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES4 

,ACCORD+LY IT APPE>S1 :5 LOOK$ AT 9 ?IS WAY1 TO BE 5TIRELY WRONG TO REG>D ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS A GR&IOSE SPECTACLE1 AS SOME?+ SPECIFICALLY 0,RUSSIAN10 & AT BE/ TO ADMIRE ! H]OISM ( ! FI<T+ M51 ?AT IS1 AS \TSIDE ONLOOK]S ( ! /RUGGLE4 ,IT IS MU* MORE IMPORTANT ?AT ! ,G]MAN WORK]S %\LD LE>N TO LOOK UPON ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS !IR [N AFFAIR1 NOT M]ELY AS A MATT] ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ) ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT1 BUT FIR/ & =EMO/1 AS A *APT] ( !IR [N SOCIAL & POLITICAL HI/ORY4 ,?OSE TRADE-UNION LEAD]S & P>LIAM5T>IANS :O REG>D ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT AS 0TOO WEAK0 & ,G]MAN CONDITIONS 0AS NOT RIPE 5\<0 = REVOLUTION>Y MASS /RUGGLES1 HAVE OBVI\SLY NOT ! LEA/ IDEA ?AT ! MEASURE ( ! DEGREE ( RIP5ESS ( CLASS RELATIONS 9 ,G]MANY & ( ! P[] ( ! PROLET>IAT DOES NOT LIE 9 ! /ATI/ICS ( ,G]MAN TRADE UNIONISM OR 9 ELECTION FIGURES1 BUT - 9 ! EV5TS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,EXACTLY AS ! RIP5ESS ( ,FR5* CLASS ANTAGONISMS UND] ! ,JULY MON>*Y & ! ,JUNE BATTLE ( ,P>IS WAS REFLECT$ 9 ! ,G]MAN ,M>* ,REVOLUTION1 9 ITS C\RSE & ITS FIASCO1 SO TODAY ! RIP5ESS ( ,G]MAN CLASS ANTAGONISMS IS REFLECT$ 9 ! EV5TS & 9 ! P[] ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,& :ILE ! BUREAUCRATS ( ! ,G]MAN LABOR MOVEM5T RUMMAGE 9 !IR (FICE DRAW]S = 9=MATION AS TO !IR /R5G? & MATURITY1 !Y DO NOT SEE ?AT ?AT = :I* !Y SEEK IS LY+ BE=E !IR EYES 9 A GREAT HI/ORICAL REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE1 HI/ORICALLY CONSID]$1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IS A REFLEX ( ! P[] & ! MATURITY ( ! 9T]NATIONAL1 & !RE=E 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ( ! ,G]MAN LABOR MOVEM5T4 

,IT W\LD !RE=E BE A TOO PITIABLE & GROTESQUELY 9SIGNIFICANT RESULT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION IF ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT %\LD M]ELY DRAW FROM IT ! LESSON - AS IS DESIR$ BY ,COMRADES ,FROHME1 ,ELM1 & O!RS - ( US+ ! EXTREME =M ( ! /RUGGLE1 ! MASS /RIKE1 & SO WEAK5 !MSELVES AS TO BE M]ELY A RES]VE =CE 9 ! EV5T ( ! )DRAWAL ( ! P>LIAM5T>Y VOTE1 & !RE=E A PASSIVE MEANS ( P>LIAM5T>Y DEF5SIVE4 ,:5 ! P>LIAM5T>Y VOTE IS TAK5 FROM US !RE WE WILL RESI/4 ,?AT IS A SELF-EVID5T DECISION4 ,BUT = ?IS IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO ADOPT ! H]OIC POSE ( A ,DANTON AS WAS DONE1 = EXAMPLE1 BY ,COMRADE ,ELM 9 ,J5A2 BECAUSE ! DEF5SE ( ! MODE/ MEASURE ( P>LIAM5T>Y RI<T ALREADY POSSESS$ IS LESS A ,HEAV5-/ORM+ 9NOVATION1 = :I* ! FRI<TFUL HECATOMBS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION W]E FIR/ NECESS>Y AS A MEANS ( 5C\RAGEM5T1 ?AN ! SIMPLE/ & FIR/ DUTY ( EV]Y OPPOSITION P>TY4 ,BUT ! M]E DEF5SIVE CAN NEV] EXHAU/ ! POLICY ( ! PROLET>IAT1 9 A P]IOD ( REVOLUTION4 ,& IF IT IS1 ON ! ONE H&1 DIFFICULT TO PR$ICT ) ANY DEGREE ( C]TA9TY :E!R ! DE/RUCTION ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE W\LD CAUSE A SITUATION 9 ,G]MANY :I* W\LD CALL =? AN IMM$IATE MASS /RIKE ACTION1 SO ON ! O!R H&1 IT IS ABSOLUTELY C]TA9 ?AT :5 WE 9 ,G]MANY 5T] UPON ! P]IOD ( /ORMY MASS ACTIONS1 IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE = ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS TO BASE !IR TACTICS UPON A M]E P>LIAM5T>Y DEF5SIVE4 

,TO FIX BE=EH& ! CAUSE & ! MOM5T FROM & 9 :I* ! MASS /RIKES 9 ,G]MANY WILL BREAK \T IS NOT 9 ! P[] ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 BECAUSE IT IS NOT 9 ITS P[] TO BR+ AB\T HI/ORICAL SITUATIONS BY RESOLUTIONS AT P>TY CONGRESSES4 ,BUT :AT IT CAN & MU/ DO IS TO MAKE CLE> ! POLITICAL T5D5CIES1 :5 !Y ONCE APPE>1 & TO =MULATE !M AS RESOLUTE & CONSI/5T TACTICS4 ,MAN CANNOT KEEP HI/ORICAL EV5TS 9 *ECK :ILE MAK+ RECIPES = !M1 BUT HE CAN SEE 9 ADVANCE !IR APP>5T CALCULABLE CONSEQU5CES & >RANGE HIS MODE ( ACTION ACCORD+LY4 

,! FIR/ ?REAT5+ POLITICAL DANG] ) :I* ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT HAVE CONC]N$ !MSELVES = A NUMB] ( YE>S IS A C\P D'ETAT ( ! REACTION :I* WILL WRE/ FROM ! WIDE MASSES ( ! PEOPLE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT POLITICAL RI<T - UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,9 SPITE ( ! IMM5SE IMPORTANCE ( ?IS POSSIBLE EV5T1 IT IS1 AS WE HAVE ALREADY SAID1 IMPOSSIBLE TO ASS]T ) C]TA9TY ?AT AN OP5 POPUL> MOVEM5T W\LD IMM$IATELY BREAK \T AFT] ! C\P D'ETAT1 BECAUSE TODAY 9NUM]ABLE CIRCUM/ANCES & FACTORS HAVE TO BE TAK5 9TO ACC\NT4 ,BUT :5 WE CONSID] ! PRES5T EXTREME ACUT5ESS ( CONDITIONS 9 ,G]MANY1 & ON ! O!R H&1 ! MANIFOLD 9T]NATIONAL REACTIONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ( ! FUTURE REJUV5AT$ ,RUSSIA1 IT IS CLE> ?AT ! COLLAPSE ( ,G]MAN POLITICS :I* W\LD 5SUE FROM ! REPEAL ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE C\LD NOT ALONE CALL A HALT TO ! /RUGGLE = ?IS RI<T4 ,?IS C\P D'ETAT W\LD RA!R DRAW AFT] IT1 9 A LONG] OR %ORT] P]IOD & ) ELEM5T>Y P[]1 A GREAT G5]AL POLITICAL RECKON+ ( ! 9SURG5T & AWAK5$ MASS ( ! PEOPLE - A RECKON+ ) BREAD USURY1 ) >TIFICIALLY CAUS$ DE>NESS ( MEAT1 ) EXP5DITURE ON A B\NDLESS MILIT>ISM & 0NAVALISM10 ) ! CORRUPTION ( COLONIAL POLICY1 ) ! NATIONAL DISGRACE ( ! ,KONIGSB]G TRIAL1 ) ! CESSATION ( SOCIAL RE=M1 ) ! DIS*>G+ ( RAILWAY WORK]S1 ! PO/AL (FICIALS & ! L& WORK]S1 ) ! TRICK+ & MOCK+ ( ! M9]S1 ) ! JUDGM5T ( ,LOBTAU & ! :OLE SY/EM ( CLASS JU/ICE1 ) ! BRUTAL LOCK\T SY/EM - 9 %ORT1 ) ! :OLE ?IRTY-YE>-OLD OPPRESSION ( ! COMB9$ DOM9ION ( ,JUNK]DOM & L>GE TRU/IFI$ CAPITAL4 

,BUT IF ONCE ! BALL IS SET ROLL+ !N SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 :E!R IT WILLS IT OR NOT1 CAN NEV] AGA9 BR+ IT TO A /&/ILL4 ,! OPPON5TS ( ! MASS /RIKE >E 9 ! HABIT ( D5Y+ ?AT ! LESSONS & EXAMPLES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION CAN BE A CRIT]ION = ,G]MANY BECAUSE1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 9 ,RUSSIA ! GREAT /EP MU/ FIR/ BE TAK5 FROM AN ,ORI5TAL DESPOTISM TO A MOD]N B\RGEOIS LEGAL ORD]4 ,! =MAL DI/ANCE BETWE5 ! OLD & ! NEW POLITICAL ORD] IS SAID TO BE A SUFFICI5T EXPLANATION ( ! VEHEM5CE & ! VIOL5CE ( ! REVOLUTION 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,9 ,G]MANY WE HAVE LONG HAD ! MO/ NECESS>Y =MS & GU>ANTEES ( A CON/ITUTIONAL /ATE1 FROM :I* IT FOLL[S ?AT SU* AN ELEM5T>Y RAG+ ( SOCIAL ANTAGONISMS IS IMPOSSIBLE H]E4 

,?OSE :O SPECULATE ?US =GET ?AT 9 ,G]MANY :5 IT ONCE COMES TO ! \TBREAK ( OP5 POLITICAL /RUGGLES1 EV5 ! HI/ORICALLY DET]M9$ GOAL WILL BE QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ?AT 9 ,RUSSIA TODAY4 ,PRECISELY BECAUSE ! B\RGEOIS LEGAL ORD] 9 ,G]MANY HAS EXI/$ = A LONG TIME1 BECAUSE !RE=E IT HAS HAD TIME TO COMPLETELY EXHAU/ ITSELF & TO DRAW TO AN 5D1 BECAUSE B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY & LIB]ALISM HAVE HAD TIME TO DIE \T - BECAUSE ( ?IS !RE CAN NO LONG] BE ANY TALK ( A B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION 9 ,G]MANY4 ,& !RE=E 9 A P]IOD ( OP5 POLITICAL POPUL> /RUGGLES 9 ,G]MANY1 ! LA/ HI/ORICALLY NECESS>Y GOAL CAN ONLY BE ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! DI/ANCE1 H[EV]1 ( ?IS TASK FROM ! PRES5T CONDITIONS ( ,G]MANY IS /ILL GREAT] ?AN ?AT ( ! B\RGEOIS LEGAL ORD] FROM ,ORI5TAL DESPOTISM1 & !RE=E1 ! TASK CANNOT BE COMPLET$ AT ONE /ROKE1 BUT MU/ SIMIL>LY BE ACCOMPLI%$ DUR+ A LONG P]IOD ( GIGANTIC SOCIAL /RUGGLES4 

,BUT IS !RE NOT A GROSS CONTRADICTION 9 ! PICTURE WE HAVE DRAWN8 ,ON ! ONE H& IT MEANS ?AT 9 AN EV5TUAL FUTURE P]IOD ( POLITICAL MASS ACTION ! MO/ BACKW>D LAY]S ( ! ,G]MAN PROLET>IAT - ! L& WORK]S1 ! RAILWAYM51 & ! PO/AL SLAVES - WILL FIR/ ( ALL W9 ! RI<T ( COMB9ATION1 & ?AT ! WOR/ EXCRESC5CES ( EXPLOITATION MU/ FIR/ BE REMOV$ & ON ! O!R H&1 ! POLITICAL TASK ( ?IS P]IOD IS SAID TO BE ! CONQUE/ ( P[] BY ! PROLET>IAT6 ,ON ! ONE H&1 ECONOMIC1 TRADE-UNION /RUGGLES = ! MO/ IMM$IATE 9T]E/S1 = ! MAT]IAL ELEVATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS2 ON ! O!R H& ! ULTIMATE GOAL ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY6 ,C]TA9LY !SE >E GREAT CONTRADICTIONS1 BUT !Y >E NOT CONTRADICTIONS DUE TO \R REASON+1 BUT CONTRADICTIONS DUE TO CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT DOES NOT PROCE$ 9 A BEAUTIFUL /RAI<T L9E BUT 9 A LI<TN+-LIKE ZIG-ZAG4 ,JU/ AS ! V>I\S CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES REPRES5T ! MO/ V>I$ /AGES ( DEVELOPM5T1 SO )9 EA* C\NTRY ! DIFF]5T LAY]S ( ! SAME WORK+ CLASS >E REPRES5T$4 ,BUT HI/ORY DOES NOT WAIT PATI5TLY TILL ! BACKW>D C\NTRIES1 & ! MO/ ADVANC$ LAY]S HAVE JO9$ TOGE!R SO ?AT ! :OLE MASS CAN MOVE SYMMETRICALLY =W>D LIKE A COMPACT COLUMN4 ,IT BR+S ! BE/ PREP>$ P>TS TO EXPLOSION AS SOON AS CONDITIONS !RE >E RIPE = IT1 & !N 9 ! /ORM ( ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 LO/ GR\ND IS RECOV]$1 UNEQUAL ?+S >E EQUALIZ$1 & ! :OLE PACE ( SOCIAL PROGRESS *ANG$ AT ONE /ROKE TO ! D\BLE-QUICK4 

,JU/ AS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ALL ! GRADES ( DEVELOPM5T & ALL ! 9T]E/S ( ! DIFF]5T LAY]S ( WORK]S >E UNIT$ 9 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PROGRAM ( ! REVOLUTION1 & ! 9NUM]ABLE P>TIAL /RUGGLES UNIT$ 9 ! GREAT COMMON CLASS ACTION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 SO WILL IT ALSO BE 9 ,G]MANY :5 ! CONDITIONS >E RIPE = IT4 ,& ! TASK ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY WILL !N BE TO REGULATE ITS TACTICS1 NOT BY ! MO/ BACKW>D PHASES ( DEVELOPM5T BUT BY ! MO/ ADVANC$4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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