,! ,MEAN+ ( ,AN>*ISM ,VIA ,TWELVE ,LIB]T>IANS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,?IS TALK WAS GIV5 9 ,JANU>Y & ,FEBRU>Y #bah AT ! ,FIVE ,LEAVES BOOK%OP 9 ,NOTT+HAM4 ,AS ! NAME SUGGE/S1 IT DISCUSSES :AT AN>*ISM IS VIA ! IDEAS & LIVES ( TWELVE LIB]T>IANS4 ,! FIR/ P>T COV]$ SIX MALE AN>*I/S & ! SECOND SIX FEMALE ONES4 

,! DECISION TO SPLIT ! TALKS 9TO TWO BAS$ ON 0,F\ND+ ,FA!RS & ,MO!RS0 WAS NOT M9E'S & P]HAPS NOT ! BE/ AS IT CREATES SOME DUPLICATION &1 ( C\RSE1 SOME:AT OBSCURES ?AT MALE & FEMALE LIB]T>IANS 9T]ACT$ & 9FLU5C$ EA* O!R4 ,/ILL1 ,I ?9K IT W5T WELL & HELP$ BR+ \T SOME ISSUES :I* >E (T5 =GOTT5 9 9TRODUCTORY TALKS4 ,BO? PRES5TATIONS CAN BE F\ND H]E & BO? 9CLUD$ A FEW SLIDES 9 APP5DICES :I* W]E NOT US$ 9 ! 5D NOR 9CLUD$ 9 ?IS WRITE-UP4 

,P>T #a3 ,! ,F\ND+ ,FA!RS1 #ahd TO #aid 

,?ANK Y\ = COM+4 ,AS Y\ KN[1 ?IS MEET+ WAS ADV]TIS$ AS FOLL[S3 

,AN>*ISM IS A MU* MISUND]/OOD & MU* MISREPRES5T$ !ORY4 ,REJECT+ ! *AOS ( CAPITALISM & /ATISM1 IT SEEKS TO CREATE ! ORD] ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 A FREE SOCIETY ( FREE ASSOCIATES4 ,TO DISCOV] MORE1 PLEASE JO9 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 7AU?OR ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q7 = AN EXPLORATION ( LIB]T>IAN IDEAS BY MEANS ( SIX MALE & SIX FEMALE AN>*I/ ?9K]S & ACTIVI/S4 

,OV] TWO NI<TS1 ! LIVES & IDEAS ( ! F\ND+ FA!RS & MO!RS ( AN>*ISM -9CLUD+ ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL & ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN -WILL BE DISCUSS$ & !IR CONT9U+ RELEVANCE HI<LI<T$4 

,TONI<T1 ,I WILL DISCUSS ! FOLL[+ KEY MALE AN>*I/ ?9K]S3 

,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,JOSEPH ,DEJACQUE 

,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 

,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,]RICO ,MALATE/A 

,RUDOLF ,ROCK] 

,SOME >E BETT] KN[N ?AN O!RS1 BUT HOPEFULLY Y\ WILL LE>N SOME?+ NEW AB\T ALL ( !M4 ,I WILL COV] SIX KEY FEMALE ONES AT NEXT WEEK'S TALK4 ,BY DISCUSS+ ! IDEAS ( !SE SPECIFIC 9DIVIDUALS ,I HOPE TO 9DICATE ! MEAN+ ( ,AN>*ISM & :Y Y\ %\LD BECOME AN AN>*I/4 

,SAGES & ,MOVEM5TS 

,FIR/1 ?\<1 ,I MU/ ADDRESS SOME COMMON MISUND]/&+S4 

,SOME TRACE ,AN>*ISM BACK TO ! DAWN ( CIVILIZATION4 ,!RE IS SOME M]IT 9 ?IS =1 YES1 ?OSE SUBJECT TO HI]>*IES DID CONCLUDE ! NE$ TO 5D !M & HAVE DONE SO OV] ! C5TURIES - BUT !SE AN>*I/IC IDEAS & MOVEM5T DID NOT CALL !MSELVES AN>*I/ EV5 IF RETROSPECTIVELY AN>*I/S HAVE RECOGNIZ$ !IR LIB]T>IAN T5D5CIES4 

,AN>*ISM - AS A NAM$ SOCIO-ECONOMIC !ORY & MOVEM5T - DATES FROM #a#h#d1 ) ! PUBLICATION ( ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON'S SEM9AL ,:AT IS ,PROP]TY84 ,IT IS ! PRODUCT ( RISE ( CAPITALISM1 ! FAILURE ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION & ! GR[? ( LABOR PROTE/4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 IT DID NOT APPE> FULLY =M$ BUT RA!R DEVELOP$ OV] TIME AS ,I WILL SKET* 9 !SE TALKS4 ,NOR WAS IT ! PRODUCT ( A FEW ISOLAT$ M5 & WOM5 ( G5IUS3 IT WAS P>T ( ! WID] LABOR & SOCIALI/ MOVEM5TS & ALL HAD MUTUAL 9FLU5CES & 9T]ACTIONS4 

,AS ,I WILL NOTE1 !RE >E DIFF]5T S*OOLS ( AN>*I/ ?\<T & :ILE C]TA9 ?9K]S >E MORE ASSOCIAT$ ) SPECIFIC ONES ?AN O!RS1 ALL HAVE A SUB/ANTIAL AM\NT 9 COMMON4 ,SO !RE IS A CORE SET ( IDEAS :I* MAKE A !ORY1 !ORI/ OR MOVEM5T LIB]T>IAN &1 9DE$1 ?9K]S ONLY BECAME 9FLU5TIAL BECAUSE !Y *AMPION$ - & DEVELOP$ - IDEAS ALREADY RAIS$ 9 ! WID] MOVEM5T4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 !SE ?9K]S - OR 0,SAGES0 AS !Y HAVE BE5 CALL$1 AL?\< NOT USUALLY BY AN>*I/S - HAVE NOT ALWAYS BE5 AN>*I/S1 !Y HAVE NOT ALWAYS BE5 CONSI/5TLY AN>*I/S & !Y HAVE NOT ALWAYS BE5 RI<T4 

,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 7#a#h#i-#a#h#f#e7 

,! FIR/ LIB]T>IAN ,I WILL DISCUSS IS ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON1 )\T :OM WE W\LD NOT BE CALL$ AN>*I/S EV5 IF WE ADVOCATE ! SAME IDEAS4 

,PR\DHON WAS BORN 9TO ! ,FR5* WORK+ CLASS1 HAV+ TO LEAVE S*OOL TO WORK 9 A PR9T]S TO HELP SUPPORT HIS FAMILY & WAS ! FIR/ P]SON TO SELF-DESCRIBE AS AN AN>*I/ 9 #ahd 7PL5TY ( REBELS HAD BE5 CALL$ AN>*I/S BY O!RS BE=E !N1 BUT NOT AS A COMPLEM5T74 ,A PROLIFIC AU?OR1 HE WAS AN ACTIVE P>TICIPATION 9 ! #ahdh ,REVOLUTION :I* DEEP5$ HIS CRITIQUES ( BO? ,/ATE & ,CAPITAL - 9 P>T 9FLU5C$ BY HIS TIME AS A POLITICIAN1 = HE WAS ELECT$ TO ! ,FR5* ,ASSEMBLY ON #d ,JUNE #a#h#d#h4 ,QUICKLY BECOM+ ! PUBLIC FACE ( ! LEFT DUE TO HIS REFUSAL TO BE SIL5C$ AFT] ! CRU%+ ( ! ,JUNE ,REVOLT ( ?AT YE>1 HIS P>LIAM5T>Y IMMUNITY WAS F9ALLY /RIPP$ DUE TO HIS W>N+S ?AT ,PRESID5T ,L\IS-,NAPOLEON AIM$ = A DICTATOR%IP4 ,HE WAS IMPRISON$ = ?REE YE>S 7#a#h#d#i-#e#b7 :I* MEANT1 IRONICALLY1 HE WAS SAFE FROM ! REPRESSION PRODUC$ BY ,L\IS-,NAPOLEON'S C\P D'ETAT ( ,DECEMB] #a#h#e#a4 ,FRE$ 9 #a#h#e#b1 HE WAS SUBJECT TO SURVEILLANCE & C5SOR%IP BE=E EXIL+ HIMSELF 9 ,BELGIUM BETWE5 #aheh & #ahfb AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( ,JU/ICE 9 ! ,*UR* & 9 ! ,REVOLUTION SAW HIM P]SECUT$ = ATTACK+ RELIGION & MORALITY4 ,RETURN+ TO ,FRANCE1 HE WROTE EXT5SIVELY ON F$]ALISM & DICTAT$ HIS F9AL WORK1 ,ON ! ,POLITICAL ,CAPACITY ( ! ,WORK+ ,CLASSES1 ON HIS DEA? B$4 

,EASILY ! MO/ PROLIFIC LIB]T>IAN WRIT]1 HIS NUM]\S BOOKS 9CLUDE HIS ?REE ,MEMOIRS ON ,PROP]TY - ,:AT IS ,PROP]TY8 7#a#h#d71 ,LETT] TO ,BLANQUI 7#a#h#d#a71 ,W>N+ TO ,PROPRIETORS 7#a#h#d#b7 - & ,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMIC ,CONTRADICTIONS 7#a#h#d#f74 ,! SEMI-AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL ,CONFESSIONS ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y 7#a#h#d#i_/#a#h#e#a7 DISCUSSES ! #ahdh ,REVOLUTION :ILE ! ,G5]AL ,IDEA ( ! ,REVOLUTION 7#a#h#e#a7 IS HIS MO/ CON/RUCTIVE BOOK1 BE+ BAS$ ON ! EXP]I5CES ( ?IS FAIL$ REVOLUTION4 ,LIKEWISE1 ,! ,F$]ATIVE ,PR9CIPLE 7#a#h#f#c7 \TL9ES HIS IDEAS ON ! SOCIO-ECONOMIC F$]ALISM :I* W\LD REPLACE CAPITALISM & ! ,/ATE4 ,HE WAS ALSO ! AU?OR ( NUM]\S PAMPHLETS & >TICLES 9 SU* PAP]S AS ,LE ,REPRES5TANT DU ,PEUPLE1 ,LE ,PEUPLE & ,LA ,VOIX DU ,PEUPLE 7ALL PUBLI%$ - & SUPPRESS$ - DUR+ ! #ahdh ,REVOLUTION74 

,MO/ ( HIS WRIT+S HAVE NEV] BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI% AL?\< A COMPREH5SIVE SELECTION IS 9 ! AN?OLOGY ,PROP]TY IS ,!FT64 

,:AT IS ,PROP]TY8 

,PR\DHON IS BE/ KN[N = ONE ( HIS ANSW]S TO ! TITLE ( HIS FIR/ BOOK3 ,:AT IS ,PROP]TY8 ,IT DID SPAWN A WELL-KN[N JOKE 7:Y DO AN>*I/S DR9K H]BAL TEA8 ,BECAUSE PROP] TEA ( !FT67 BUT WE MU/ REMEMB] ?AT ?IS ANSW] WAS GR\ND-BREAK+ & 5SUR$ HIS FAME 7OR 9FAMY73 0,PROP]TY IS ,!FT40 

,?IS !FT HAPP5$ 9 TWO WAYS4 ,FIR/1 ! MAJORITY >E EXCLUD$ BY PROP]TY FROM ! MEANS ( LIFE & SO 0! PEOPLE .<444.> WILL HAVE NO:]E TO RE/1 NO PLACE ( %ELT]1 NO GR\ND TO TILL4 ,!Y WILL DIE ( HUNG] AT ! PROPRIETOR'S DOOR1 ON ! $GE ( ?AT PROP]TY :I* WAS !IR BIR?-RI<T2 & ! PROPRIETOR1 WAT*+ !M DIE1 WILL EXCLAIM1 ',SO P]I% IDL]S & VAGRANTS6'0 ,SECOND1 ?IS RESULTS 9 ! EXPLOITATION ( ! WORK] BY ! [N] & SO :ILE ! 0.<,CAPITALI/S.> HAVE PAID ALL ! 9DIVIDUAL =CES1 ! COLLECTIVE =CE /ILL REMA9S TO BE PAID40 ,! 9ITIAL !FT ( RES\RCES FROM ! PEOPLE 5SURES ! ONGO+ !FT BY ! [N]S ( ! SURPLUS PRODUC$ BY WORK]S4 

,YET WE %\LD NOT =GET ?AT ,PR\DHON ALSO >GU$ ?AT 0,PROP]TY IS ,DESPOTISM0 AS IT CREATES HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL RELATIONS BAS$ ON ECONOMIC CLASSES - IT CREATES 0! PROPRIETOR .<444.> TO :OM .<! WORK].> HAS SOLD & SURR5D]$ HIS LIB]TY0 & ?IS 0PROPRIETOR IS SOV]EIGN LORD )9 ! SPH]E ( HIS PROP]TY1 ABSOLUTE K+ ?R\<\T HIS [N DOMA940 ,?IS IS :Y LIB]T>IANS OPPOSE PRIVATE PROP]TY3 

0,LIB]TY IS 9VIOLABLE4 ,I CAN NEI!R SELL NOR ALI5ATE MY LIB]TY2 EV]Y CONTRACT1 EV]Y CONDITION ( A CONTRACT1 :I* HAS 9 VIEW ! ALI5ATION OR SUSP5SION ( LIB]TY1 IS NULL .<444.> ,LIB]TY IS ! ORIG9AL CONDITION ( MAN2 TO R5\NCE LIB]TY IS TO R5\NCE ! NATURE ( MAN3 AFT] ?AT1 H[ C\LD WE P]=M ! ACTS ( MAN80 

,YET IF ,PR\DHON WAS AGA9/ CAPITALISM1 HE WAS ALSO AGA9/ ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM 7:AT HE T]M$ ,COMMUNAUTE71 >GU+ ?AT IT EQUAL$ ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM = 0! COMMUNITY IS PROPRIETOR1 & PROPRIETOR NOT ONLY ( ! GOODS1 BUT ( ! P]SONS & WILLS40 ,I ?9K WE CAN AGREE ?AT HI/ORY HAS CONFIRM$ ?IS CRITIQUE4 

0,UNIV]SAL ,ASSOCIATION0 

,SO :AT WAS HIS ALT]NATIVE TO PRIVATE & ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM8 ,HE CALL$ IT MANY ?+S OV] HIS LIFE BUT 9ITIALLY HE CALL$ IT ! 0,UNIV]SAL ,ASSOCIATION0 & IT W\LD BE BAS$ ON FREE ASSOCIATION & FREE ACCESS = 0LIB]TY -- :OSE SOLE FUNCTION IS TO MA9TA9 EQUALITY 9 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & EQUIVAL5CE 9 EX*ANGES -- IS ! ONLY POSSIBLE1 ! ONLY JU/1 ! ONLY TRUE =M ( SOCIETY40 

,?IS LOGICALLY MEANT SOCIALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( LIFE1 ( WORKPLACES & ! L&1 BAS$ ON USE RI<TS OR POSSESSION4 0,EV]Y OCCUPANT10 HE >GU$1 IS 0NECESS>ILY A POSSESSOR OR USUFRUCTU>Y - A FUNCTION :I* EXCLUDES PROPRIETOR%IP .<444.> ,MAN RECEIVES HIS USUFRUCT FROM ! H&S ( SOCIETY1 :I* ALONE IS ! P]MAN5T POSSESSOR40 ,! 0RI<T TO PRODUCT IS EXCLUSIVE -- JUS 9 RE2 ! RI<T TO MEANS IS COMMON -- JUS AD REM0 HE /RESS$1 & SO 0ALL PROP]TY BECOMES .<444.> COLLECTIVE & UNDIVID$ .<444.> ,PRODUCTS >E B\<T ONLY BY PRODUCTS40 ,?IS W\LD CREATE A WORLD ( 0POSSESSORS )\T MA/]S0 9 :I* 0LEAD]S1 9/RUCTORS1 SUP]9T5D5TS .<444.> MU/ BE *OS5 FROM ! WORK]S BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 & MU/ FULFILL ! CONDITIONS ( ELIGIBILITY40 ,HE CALL$ ?IS 09DU/RIAL ,DEMOCRACY0 9 #aheg 7& WAS ONE ( ! FIR/1 IF NOT ! FIR/1 TO USE ! T]M7 )9 AN 0AGRICULTURAL-9DU/RIAL F$]ATION10 TO USE ! EXPRESSION FROM HIS #ahfc BOOK1 ,! ,F$]ATIVE ,PR9CIPLE4 

,SU* A SY/EM W\LD N[ BE CALL$ ,F$]AL ,M>KET ,SOCIALISM & RA!R ?AN AB/RACTLY COMP>E ! GRIM REALITY ( CAPITALISM TO VISIONS ( A P]FECT WORLD1 ,PR\DHON'S IDEAS AB\T A FREE SOCIETY W]E BAS$ ON ! CRITIQUE ( CAPITALISM & T5D5CIES )9 IT :I* PO9T BEYOND IT4 ,?US1 = EXAMPLE1 HIS ANALYSIS ( H[ PROP]TY EXPLOITS WORK]S DROVE HIS IDEAS ON 9DU/RIAL DEMOCRACY = 0BY VIRTUE ( ! PR9CIPLE ( COLLECTIVE =CE1 WORK]S >E ! EQUALS & ASSOCIATES ( !IR LEAD]S40 

,HIE SOCIALISM WAS BAS$ ON SOCIAL-ECONOMIC ASSOCIATION4 ,RA!R ?AN ! SUPPORT] ( SMALL-SCALE PROP]TY PA9T$ BY HIS CRITICS 7PRIM>ILY ,M>XI/S71 HE WAS WELL AW>E ?AT 0UND] UNIV]SAL ASSOCIATION1 [N]%IP ( ! L& & ( ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR IS SOCIAL [N]%IP0 & HE AIM$ = ! 0ABOLITION ( CAPITALISM & WAGE LABOR1 ! TRANS=MATION ( PROP]TY .<444.> GOV]NM5TAL DEC5TRALIZATION1 ! ORGANIZATION ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE .<444.> ! SUB/ITUTION ( ! CONTRACTUAL REGIME = ! LEGAL REGIME40 ,?IS F$]ALI/ SY/EM W\LD BE BAS$ ON EQUALITY BETWE5 MEMB]S3 

0,!RE WILL NO LONG] BE NATIONALITY1 NO LONG] FA!RL& .<444.> ONLY PLACES ( BIR?4 ,:ATEV] A MAN'S RACE OR COLOR1 HE IS REALLY A NATIVE ( ! UNIV]SE2 HE HAS CITIZ5'S RI<TS EV]Y:]E40 

,SU* RI<TS1 AS %\LD BE CLE> N[1 DID NOT /OP AT ! WORKPLACE DOOR & SO AN>*ISM W\LD BE BAS$ ON FUNCTIONAL SELF-MANAGEM5T = 0EA* CITIZ5 9 ! SPH]E ( HIS 9DU/RY1 EA* MUNICIPAL1 DI/RICT OR PROV9CIAL C\NCIL )9 ITS [N T]RITORY1 IS ! ONLY NATURAL & LEGITIMATE REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,SOV]EIGN .<444.> WORK]S .<HAD.> TO =M !MSELVES 9TO DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES1 ) EQUAL CONDITIONS = ALL MEMB]S40 ,?IS MEANS ?AT ANY LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION W\LD HAVE ELECT$ DELEGATES & NOT REPRES5TATIVES = !Y W\LD BE SUBJECT TO 0! IMP]ATIVE M&ATE & >E RECALLABLE AT WILL40 

,RA!R ?AN ELECT A FEW REPRES5TATIVES :O DO :AT !Y LIKE = F\R OR FIVE YE>S1 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY W\LD PLACE P[] 9 ! H&S ( ?OSE AFFECT$ BY DECISIONS4 ,?IS W\LD 5SURE ?AT 0! MASSES >E ACTUALLY1 POSITIVELY & EFFECTIVELY SOV]EIGN3 H[ C\LD !Y NOT BE :5 ! ECONOMIC ORGANISM -- LABOR1 CAPITAL1 PROP]TY & ASSETS -- BELONGS TO !M 5TIRELY40 

,:Y NOT ! ,/ATE8 

,:I* RAISES AN OBVI\S QUE/ION & ONE :I* HAS DIVID$ SOCIALI/S FROM ! />T - :Y NOT USE ! ,/ATE TO A*IEVE SOCIAL *ANGE8 ,= ,PR\DHON1 ! QUE/ION SIMPLY %[$ A LACK ( UND]/&+ AB\T :AT ! ,/ATE IS3 IT IS A B\RGEOIS BODY :I* CANNOT BE CAPTUR$ BY ! PEOPLE = IT IS 0NO?+ BUT ! (F5SIVE & DEF5SIVE ALLIANCE ( ?OSE :O POSSESS1 AGA9/ ?OSE :O DO NOT POSSESS2 & ! ONLY P>T PLAY$ BY ! CITIZ5 IS TO PAY ! POLICE40 ,AS SU*1 ! ,/ATE HAS EVOLV$ C]TA9 *>ACT]I/ICS :I* ALL[ IT TO DO ?IS FUNCTION & :I* !RE=E PRECLUDE IT FROM BE+ A POPUL> 9/ITUTION4 ,=EMO/ AMONG !SE IS C5TRALIZATION3 

0,& :O B5EFITS FROM ?IS REGIME ( UNITY8 .<444.> ! UPP] CLASSES .<444.> B\RGEOIS EXPLOITATION UND] ! PROTECTION ( BAYONETS4 .<444.> ! CORN]/ONE ( B\RGEOIS DESPOTISM & EXPLOITATION0 

,?IS MEANT ?AT ! ,/ATE WAS1 AS HE PUT IT 9 #a#h#d#f1 09EVITABLY 5*A9$ TO CAPITAL & DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT40 ,YET :ILE IT WAS AN 9/RUM5T ( M9ORITY CLASS RULE - ! 9/RUM5T ( ! [N+ CLASS - ?IS WAS NOT ALL4 ,IT WAS ALSO P[] AP>T1 ) ITS [N 9T]E/S AS BEFITT+ ITS HI]>*ICAL & C5TRALIZ$ NATURE3 

0,WE DO NOT WANT ! ,/ATE1 BECAUSE ! ,/ATE .<444.> NO SOON] EXI/S ?AN IT CREATES AN 9T]E/ ( ITS [N1 AP>T FROM & (T5 CONTR>Y TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEOPLE .<444.> IT MAKES CIVIL S]VANTS ITS [N CREATURES1 FROM :I* RESULTS NEPOTISM1 CORRUPTION1 & LITTLE BY LITTLE TO ! =MATION ( AN (FICIAL TRIBE1 5EMIES ( LABOR AS WELL AS ( LIB]TY0 

,! ,/ATE1 !N1 WAS 0?AT ALI5ATION ( PUBLIC P[] = ! PR(IT ( A FEW AMBITI\S M50 & TO 0CONC5TRATE ALL PUBLIC P[]S 9 ! H&S ( A S+LE AU?ORITY .<444.> ONLY CREAT$ DESPOTISM0 9 :I* ! 0,PRESID5T & ! ,REPRES5TATIVES1 ONCE ELECT$1 >E ! MA/]S2 ALL ! RE/ OBEY40 ,AS SU*1 ELIM9AT+ ! CAPITALI/ CLASS BY MEANS ( ! ,/ATE W\LD SIMPLY CREATE A NEW RUL+ CLASS - ! MEMB]S ( GOV]NM5T & ! ,/ATE BUREAUCRACY4 

,I %\LD NOTE ?AT ?IS WAS NO AB/RACT ANALYSIS AS ,PR\DHON WAS1 = A TIME1 AN ELECT$ REPRES5TATIVE 9 ! ,NATIONAL ,ASSEMBLY4 ,HE REC\NT$ HIS EXP]I5CES 9 ! QUASI-AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL ACC\NT ( ! #ahdh REVOLUTION1 ,CONFESSIONS ( A REVOLUTION>Y4 ,GIV5 ?AT ,PR\DHON'S GRAVE 9 ,MONTP>NASSE CEMET]Y 7,P>IS7 IS LI/$ AS ?AT ( A POLITICIAN1 P]HAPS ?IS BOOK W\LD HAVE BE5 BETT] 5TITL$ ,CONFESSIONS ( A ,/ATEMAN8 ,/ILL1 P]HAPS NOT AS ?IS TIME CONFIRM$ HIS ANTI-,/ATISM - BE+ UP CLOSE ) ! MA*9]Y ( P>LIAM5T BR\< HOME ITS UNSUITABLY = SOCIAL *ANGE DUE TO ! ISOLATION & IGNORANCE IT CAUS$3 

0,S9CE ,I FIR/ SET FOOT ON ?IS P>LIAM5T>Y ,S9AI1 ,I CEAS$ TO BE 9 CONTACT ) ! MASSES3 BY ABSORB+ MYSELF 9 MY LEGISLATIVE WORK1 ,I HAD COMPLETELY LO/ VIEW ( CURR5T AFFAIRS .<444.> ,ONE HAS TO EXP]I5CE ?IS ISOLATION CALL$ A NATIONAL ASSEMBLY TO UND]/& H[ ! M5 :O >E ! MO/ COMPLETELY IGNORANT ( ! /ATE ( A C\NTRY >E NE>LY ALWAYS ?OSE :O REPRES5T IT40 

,9 ,CONFESSIONS HE QUOT$ ,SY/EM ( ,ECONOMIC ,CONTRADICTIONS ON ! ,/ATE BE+ AN 9/RUM5T ( ! B\RGEOISIE & NOT$ ?AT HIS EXP]I5CES AS A POLITICIAN HAD CONFIRM$ ?IS ANALYSIS4 ,H5CE ! PRESS+ NE$ = A ,SOCIALISM FROM ,BEL[3 

0,FROM ABOVE .<444.> SIGNIFIES P[]2 FROM BEL[ SIGNIFIES ! PEOPLE4 .<444.> ! 9ITIATIVE ( ! MASSES4 .<444.> ,REVOLUTION ON ! 9ITIATIVE ( ! MASSES IS A REVOLUTION BY ! CONC]T$ ACTION ( ! CITIZ5S1 BY ! EXP]I5CE ( ! WORK]S1 BY ! PROGRESS & DIFFUSION ( 5LI<T5M5T1 REVOLUTION BY ! MEANS ( LIB]TY40 

,PR\DHON WAS ! FIR/ TO UND]/& ?IS DIFF]5CE & ! NE$ = SOCIAL *ANGE TO COME FROM ! MASSES1 O!RWISE TYRANNY W\LD BE PRODUC$4 ,H5CE HE ATTACK$ HIS COLLEAGUES ON ! LEFT AS MU* AS HIS 5EMIES ON ! RI<T3 0,L\IS ,BLANC REPRES5TS GOV]NM5TAL SOCIALISM1 REVOLUTION BY P[]1 AS ,I REPRES5T DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM1 REVOLUTION BY ! PEOPLE4 ,AN ABYSS EXI/S BETWE5 US40 

,GIV5 ?IS1 ! ,/ATE CAN BE 09VIT$1 PROVOK$ OR COMPELL$ BY SOME P[] \TSIDE ( ITSELF0 T[>DS RE=M - ELECT+ A FEW POLITICIANS TO 5ACT *ANGE W\LD NEV] WORK4 ,?US O!R MEANS ( *ANGES W]E NE$$1 MEANS ROOT$ 9 WORK+ CLASS SELF-ACTIVITY4 ,AS A RE=MI/1 HE WAS OPPOS$ TO 9SURRECTION & VIOL5CE BUT HE RECOGNIZ$ ?AT 0TO COMBAT & R$UCE P[] .<444.> AN AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL COMB9ATION0 WAS NE$$4 

,AL?\<1 UNLIKE LAT] AN>*I/S1 HE OPPOS$ /RIKES & UNIONS1 HE /ILL ?\<T ?AT SOCIAL TRANS=MATION C\LD ONLY BE ! PRODUCT ( WORK+ CLASS SELF-LIB]ATION & SELF-ORGANIZATION AS 0WORK]S .<444.> WILL ACCOMPLI% ?AT SYN!SIS ( SOCIAL COMPOSITION .<444.> & Y\ ALONE CAN ACCOMPLI% IT40 ,SOCIAL *ANGE WAS SE5 AS BE+ PRODUC$ BY ! =MATION ( F$]ATIONS ( MUTUALI/ CR$IT & PRODUCTIVE ASSOCIATIONS & SO ! 0,ORGANIZATION ( ,CR$IT0 WAS SE5 AS ! MEANS TO 0,ORGANIZATION ( ,LABOR0 - ! 5D ( WAGE-LABOR BY WORK]S' CO-OP]ATIVES4 ,IT C\LD NOT BE DONE ANY O!R WAY1 = LABOR MU/ ORGANIZE ITSELF BO? TO 5SURE 0! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR BY WORK]S1 )\T CAPITALI/S OR MA/]S0 & TO MEET ! MULTITUDE ( NE$S1 PROBLEMS & *ANGES A SOCIETY FAC$4 ,?IS MEANT ?AT 0! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR MU/ NOT EMANATE FROM ! P[]S-?AT-BE2 IT \<T TO BE ,S,P,O,N,T,A,N,E,\,S0 BY ! CREATION ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC DUAL-P[] TO SUPPORT ! CREATION ( COOP]ATIVE CR$IT1 CONSUMPTION & PRODUCTION AS WELL AS PRESSURIZE ! ,/ATE FROM \T)4 ,?US1 DUR+ ! #ahdh ,REVOLUTION1 HE >GU$ ?AT 0A BODY REPRES5TATIVE ( ! PROLET>IAT BE =M$ 9 ,P>IS1 IMP]IUM 9 IMP]IO1 9 OPPOSITION TO ! B\RGEOISIE'S REPRES5TATION0 & BY SO DO+ 0A NEW SOCIETY BE F\ND$ 9 ! HE>T ( ! OLD SOCIETY40 

,I HAVE SP5T SOME TIME ON ,PR\DHON1 ,I ADMIT1 BUT ?IS IS = GOOD REASON - HE LAID ! F\NDATIONS = ! AN>*I/S :O CAME LAT] & MO/ ( ! IDEAS WE ASSOCIATE )1 SAY1 ,BAKUN9 OR ,KROPOTK9 W]E FIR/ >GU$ = BY HIM4 ,?IS IS G5]ALLY NOT RECOGNIZ$ SIMPLY DUE TO LACK ( MAT]IAL AVAILABLE 9 ,5GLI%4 ,&1 BE=E MOV+ ON1 ,I MU/ /RESS ?AT - AS ,PR\DHON %[S - AN>*ISM HAS NEV] BE5 JU/ AGA9/ ! ,/ATE AS SOME LIKE TO ASS]T4 ,?US WE F9D ,PR\DHON REIT]AT+ TIME & TIME AGA9/ HIS OPPOSITION TO BO? ,/ATE & ,CAPITAL = 0! CAPITALI/ PR9CIPLE & ! MON>*I/ OR GOV]NM5TAL PR9CIPLE >E ONE & ! SAME PR9CIPLE0 & SO IT WAS ! CASE ?AT 0! ,REVOLUTION 9 #ahdh /RUCK AU?ORITY4 ,AU?ORITY IS ,*UR*1 ,/ATE1 ,CAPITAL40 

,\R NEXT LIB]T>IAN BUILT ON ?IS & EXT5D$ IT4 

,JOSEPH ,DEJACQUE 7#a#h#b#a-#a#h#f#d7 

,JOSEPH ,DEJACQUE HAS UNKN[N ORIG9S1 AL?\< WE DO KN[ HE WAS A 0PAP] HANG]0 BY TRADE4 ,HE WAS1 LIKE ,PR\DHON1 IMPRISON$ = SOCIALI/ AGITATION DUR+ ! #ahdh ,REVOLUTION & RE>RE/$ 9 #ahea = PUBLI%+ A COLLECTION ( POEMS4 ,?IS QUOTE FROM ?AT TRIAL GIVES A GOOD IDEA ( :Y HE %\LD BE BETT] KN[N3 

0,MR4 ,DEJACQUE10 .<! ,ATTORNEY ,G5]AL.> SAID1 0IS ONE ( ?OSE HATEFUL SOCIALI/S :O HOLD SOCIETY 9 HORROR1 & :O HAVE NO O!R AIM1 NO ?\<T BUT TO CON/ANTLY EXCITE ! WICK$ PASSIONS ( ?OSE :O POSSESS NO?+ AGA9/ ?OSE :O DO POSSESS1 SO ?AT !IR DETE/ABLE DOCTR9ES MAY TRIUMPH4 ,?IS IS H[ ONE FOM5TS ! HATR$ ( T5ANTS T[>DS L&LORDS & ESPECIALLY ( WORK]S T[>DS BOSSES40 

,SO A F9E UP/&+ MEMB] ( SOCIETY1 ,I HOPE Y\ AGREE6 

,AFT] ,L\IS ,NAPOLEON CAME TO P[]1 HE ESCAP$ TO ,BRITA91 !N ,NEW ,ORLEANS 9 #a#h#e#b4 ,:E!R 9 ,FRANCE OR 9 EXILE1 HE WROTE BOOKS & >TICLES 9CLUD+ ,LES ,LAZ>E5NES1 ,FABLES ET ,POESIES ,SOCIALES 7#a#h#e#a71 ,LA QUE/ION REVOLUTIONNAIRE 7#a#h#e#d71 ! JU/LY FAM\S ,DE L'ETRE-HUMA9 MALE ET FEMELLE -- ,LETTRE A ,P4,J4 ,PR\DHON 7#a#h#e#g7 & ! UTOPIAN VISION ( ,L',HUMANISPH]E1 ,UTOPIE AN>*IQUE 7#a#h#e#g7 AS WELL AS $IT+ ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE1 ,J\RNAL DU ,M\VEM5T SOCIAL 7#a#h#e#h-#f#a7 9 ,AM]ICA4 

,DEJACQUE'S CLAIM TO FAME IS TW(OLD4 

,FIR/1 HE CO9$ ! T]M ,LIB]TAIRE 7,LIB]T>IAN7 9 HIS #aheg WORK ,ON ! ,MALE & ,FEMALE ,HUMAN-,BE+ - ,LETT] TO ,P4,J4 ,PR\DHON 9 :I* HE CALL$ UPON ,PR\DHON TO 0BE FRANKLY1 FULLY AN>*I/0 & /OP SUPPORT+ PATRI>*Y3 

0,MOD]ATE AN>*I/1 A LIB]AL & NOT A ,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N1 Y\ WANT FREE TRADE = COTTON & C&LES & Y\ ADVOCATE PROTECTIONI/ SY/EMS = MAN AGA9/ WOMAN 9 ! CIRCULATION ( HUMAN PASSIONS2 Y\ CRY \T AGA9/ ! HI< B>ONS ( CAPITAL & Y\ WI% TO REBUILD ! HI< B>ONY ( ! MALE UPON ! FEMALE VASSAL40 

,DEJACQUE NOT$ ! OBVI\S CONTRADICTIONS 9 OPPOS+ ! HI]>*IES ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,/ATE & PROP]TY BUT EMBRAC+ ! HI]>*IES ASSOCIAT$ ) ! TRADITIONAL HOME4 ,TO BE A CONSI/5T AN>*I/ MEANT RECOGNIZ+ !IR SIMIL>ITIES & OPPOS+ ALL ?REE3 

0,TO PLACE ! QUE/ION ( ! EMANCIPATION ( WOMAN 9 L9E ) ! QUE/ION ( ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAN1 ?IS MAN-WOMAN1 OR1 TO PUT IT DIFF]5TLY1 ?IS HUMAN-SLAVE - FLE% = ! H>EM OR FLE% = ! FACTORY - ?IS IS UND]/&ABLE1 & IT IS REVOLUTION>Y0 

,SECOND1 HE EXT5D$ ,PR\DHON'S CRITIQUE ( PROP]TY & ADVOCAT$ 0! AN>*IC-COMMUNITY0 - OR :AT WAS LAT] CALL$ AN>*I/-COMMUNISM4 ,?IS MEANT 0! ABOLITION NOT ONLY ( ! SWORD & ( CAPITAL1 BUT ( PROP]TY & AU?ORITY 9 EV]Y =M0 & CREATE A SOCIETY 0:]E EV]YONE W\LD BE FREE TO PRODUCE & TO CONSUME AT WILL & ACCORD+ TO HIS FANCY1 )\T CONTROLL+ ANYBODY OR BE+ CONTROLL$ BY ANYONE ELSE .<444.> IS IT NOT ! SAME = ALL ?AT IS = HUMAN CONSUMPTION1 :E!R IT BE A RAW MAT]IAL .<444.> OR A F9I%$ PRODUCT .<444.> 80 ,9 O!R WORDS1 FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR ABILITIES1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$ - A MAXIM FIR/ RAIS$ BY ,FR5* SOCIALI/ ,L\IS ,BLANC RA!R ?AN ,K>L ,M>X1 9CID5TALLY4 

,HE EXP\ND$ !SE IDEAS 9 HIS NEWSPAP] ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE - ! FIR/ ( MANY AN>*I/ PAP]S1 9 MANY DIFF]5T LANGUAGES1 ) ! NAME ,LIB]T>IAN - /RESS+ ?AT 0NO1 IT IS NOT ! PRODUCT ( !IR LABORS TO :I* ! WORK]S HAVE A RI<T4 ,IT IS ! SATISFACTION ( !IR NE$S1 :ATEV] ! NATURE ( ?OSE NE$S40 ,HE NOT$ ! CONTRADICTION ( >GU+1 LIKE ,PR\DHON1 ?AT ! PRODUCT ( LABOR %\LD BE [N$ BY ! WORK] BUT ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION %\LD BE %>$ BY ALL3 

0,TO HAVE ! POSSESSION ( ! PRODUCT ( \R LABOR IS NOT TO HAVE POSSESSION ( ?AT :I* IS PROP] TO US1 IT IS TO HAVE PROP]TY 9 A PRODUCT MADE BY \R H&S1 & :I* C\LD BE PROP] TO O!RS & NOT TO US4 ,& IS NOT ALL PROP]TY !FT80 

,HE MOCK$ ?OSE ON ! LEFT :O CANNOT SEE BEYOND HI]>*Y3 

0,MANY M5 .<444.> SEE 9 ! DEMOLITION ( REIGN+ ,AU?ORITY NO?+ BUT A SUB/ITUTION ( NAMES OR P]SONS2 !Y DON'T IMAG9E ?AT A SOCIETY C\LD FUNCTION )\T MA/]S OR S]VANTS .<444.> !Y >E LIKE ?OSE REACTION>IES :O SAY3 ',!RE >E ALWAYS RI* & POOR1 & !RE ALWAYS WILL BE4 ,:AT W\LD BECOME ( ! POOR )\T ! RI*8 ,!Y W\LD DIE ( HUNG]6'0 

,F9ALLY1 HE SAW ?AT 5D+ ! M>KET - EV5 A NON-CAPITALI/ ONE - W\LD NE$ F9D+ NEW MEANS ( ECONOMIC DECISION MAK+1 0= AN ORGANIZATION ( WORK TO BE REVOLUTION>Y & SOCIAL1 IT IS !RE=E ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO ABOLI% MA/]1 CAPITAL OR BOSS10 0TO ABOLI% ANTAGONISM1 ISOLATION OR COMPETITION1 & .<444.> TO F9D A NEW /IMULANT = PRODUCTION40 

,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 7#a#h#a#d-#a#h#g#f7 

,WE N[ TURN TO ONE ( ! MO/ WELL-KN[N - & ONE ( ! MO/ DI/ORT$ - AN>*I/S1 SOMEONE MO/ RESPONSIBLE = BUILD+ MOD]N1 REVOLUTION>Y1 AN>*ISM UPON ! F\NDATIONS LAID BY ,PR\DHON3 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN94 

,BORN 9TO ! ,RUSSIAN >I/OCRACY1 9 ! #a#h#dS HE REJECT$ HIS BACKGR\ND & BECAME A REPUBLICAN4 ,LEAV+ ,RUSSIA1 O/5SIBLY TO /UDY TO BECOME A UNIV]SITY LECTUR]1 HE SOON JO9$ ! RADICAL MOVEM5T BE=E TAK+ AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! #ahdh ,REVOLUTIONS AS A ,SLAV ,NATIONALI/4 ,AFT] MANN+ ! B>RICADES 9 MANY 9SURRECTIONS1 HE WAS CAPTUR$ & S5T5C$ TO DEA? BE=E BE+ S5T TO ,RUSSIA & IMPRISON$ = MO/ ( ! #a#h#eS4 ,EV5TUALLY HE WAS EXIL$ TO ,SIB]IA1 ESCAP+ TO ! ,WE/ 9 #ahfa & IMM$IATELY RE-JO9$ ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 7SO MU* = PRISON BE+ A 0DET]R5T0674 

,:ILE 9FLU5C$ BY1 & FRI5DS )1 ,PR\DHON1 SO F> HE WAS A RADICAL F$]ALI/ REPUBLICAN :O REALIZ$ ?AT ,SLAVIC NATIONALISM C\LD ONLY FL\RI% ) POLICIES :I* ADDRESS$ ! SOCIAL QUE/ION1 PRIM>ILY L& RE=M AS HE CORRECTLY PR$ICT$ ?AT PEASANTS W\LD NOT FI<T TO REPLACE RULE BY ! ,CZ> ) RULE BY !IR L&LORDS4 ,H[EV]1 9 ! MID-#a#h#fS1 HE BECAME AN AN>*I/ & =M$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY 9 #ahfh & JO9$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION ! FOLL[+ YE>4 ,IT WAS HIS CONFLICT ) ,M>X 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL :I* 5SUR$ HIS PLACE 9 HI/ORY4 

,AS Y\ CAN IMAG9E1 HIS EV5TFUL LIFE MEANT ?AT HE P5N$ FEW BOOKS1 9DE$ ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y 7#a#h#g#c7 IS HIS MO/ SUB/ANTIAL WORK 7& ?AT WAS WRITT5 9 ,RUSSIAN = ! BLOSSOM+ POPULI/ MOVEM5T 9 HIS HOMEL&7 :ILE MO/ ( HIS O!R WELL-KN[N WORKS W]E PUBLI%$ FROM NOTES AFT] HIS DEA?4 ,HE DID WRITE NUM]\S >TICLES = PAP]S LIKE ! ,SWISS ,EGALITE & HE WAS A LETT] WRIT] EXTRAORD9AIRE4 

,FREE ,ASSOCIATION ( ,EQUALS 

,LIKE ,PR\DHON1 ,BAKUN9 AIM$ = ! FREE ASSOCIATION ( EQUALS4 ,?IS MEANT ! FRE$OM = ALL )9 FREE ASSOCIATION = RA!R ?AN ! ASOCIAL 9DIVIDUALI/ PORTRAY$ BY ,M>XI/S1 ,BAKUN9 HAD A V]Y POSITIVE VIEW ( FRE$OM & >GU$ = A 0FRE$OM :I* CONSI/S 9 ! FULL DEVELOPM5T ( ALL ! MAT]IAL1 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL P[]S :I* >E F\ND 9 ! =M ( LAT5T CAPABILITIES 9 EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL40 ,?IS FULL FRE$OM WAS 9H]5TLY SOCIAL = 0MAN 9 ISOLATION CAN HAVE NO AW>5ESS ( HIS LIB]TY4 ,BE+ FREE = MAN MEANS BE+ ACKN[L$G$1 CONSID]$ & TREAT$ AS SU* BY ANO!R MAN4 ,LIB]TY IS !RE=E A FEATURE NOT ( ISOLATION BUT ( 9T]ACTION1 NOT ( EXCLUSION BUT RA!R ( CONNECTION40 ,CRUCIALLY1 UNLIKE ,PR\DHON & LIKE ,JOSEPH ,DEJACQUE1 HE WAS CONSI/5T & EXT5D$ LIB]TY TO ALL ( HUMANITY3 

0,EQUAL RI<TS MU/ BELONG TO BO? M5 & WOM5 .<444.> ,OPPRESS$ ,WOM56 ,Y\R CAUSE IS 9DISSOLUBLY TI$ TO ! COMMON CAUSE ( ALL ! EXPLOIT$ WORK]S - M5 & WOM560 

,LIKE HIS PR$ECESSORS 1 ,BAKUN9 WAS AW>E ?AT FRE$OM NE$S EQUALITY & SO SOCIALISM1 >GU+ ?AT 0! S]I\S1 F9AL1 COMPLETE EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S IS POSSIBLE ONLY ON ONE CONDITION .<444.> ! APPROPRIATION ( CAPITAL1 ?AT IS TO SAY ! RAW MAT]IALS & ALL ! 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR1 9CLUD+ L&1 BY ! WORK]S COLLECTIVELY40 ,LIKE ,PR\DHON1 HE UND]/OOD ?AT SOCIALISM FROM ABOVE WAS NOT SOCIALISM & ?AT IT HAD TO BE CREAT$ & RUN FROM BEL[ BY ! PEOPLE !MSELVES3 

0,! FUTURE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION MU/ BE MADE SOLELY FROM ! BOTTOM UPW>DS1 BY ! FREE ASSOCIATION OR F$]ATION ( WORK]S1 FIR/LY 9 !IR UNIONS1 !N 9 ! COMMUNES1 REGIONS1 NATIONS & F9ALLY 9 A GREAT F$]ATION1 9T]NATIONAL & UNIV]SAL0 

,LIKE ,PR\DHON1 HIS AN>*ISM WAS BAS$ ON F$]ATIONS ( WORK]S ASSOCIATIONS REPLAC+ BO? ,CAPITAL & ,/ATE4 ,UNLIKE ! ,FR5*MAN1 HE CALL$ ?IS ,COLLECTIVISM4 

,MUTUALI/S & ,COLLECTIVI/S 

,IT WAS BY *AMPION+ !SE IDEAS ?AT HIS 9FLU5CE GREW )9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 MU* TO ,M>X'S *AGR94 ,YET IT MU/ BE /RESS$ ?AT HE DID NOT SOMEH[ 09V5T0 AN>*ISM OR 09JECT0 IT 9TO ! ,ASSOCIATION4 ,NO1 F> FROM IT - ! RISE ( COLLECTIVISM BEGAN BE=E HE JO9$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL 7AS HIS [N WRIT+S 9DICATE74 

,YET ! RISE ( COLLECTIVISM & ! ECLIPSE ( ! MUTUALI/S :O HELP$ F\ND ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9 #ahfd 7&1 NO1 ,M>X DID NOT F\ND IT7 %\LD NOT BE SE5 AS ! RISE ( ,M>XISM 7AS ,M>XI/S ACC\NTS ALWAYS SUGGE/74 ,RA!R1 ! DEBATES ( ! TIME W]E BETWE5 SOCIALI/S HEAVILY 9FLU5C$ BY ,PR\DHON 7AT CONGRESSES :I* ,M>X NEV] BO!R$ TO ATT5D74 ,?IS CAN BE SE5 FROM1 = EXAMPLE1 ! RESOLUTION ON ,COLLECTIVE ,[N]%IP PASS$ 9 #ahfh :I* E*OES ,PR\DHON'S #ahea BOOK ,G5]AL ,IDEA ( ! ,REVOLUTION D[N TO ! V]Y WORDS US$3 

0MA*9ES & COLLECTIVE =CE .<444.> MU/ 9 ! FUTURE ONLY B5EFIT ! WORK]S .<444.> CONTRACT$ \T NOT TO CAPITALI/S1 AS TODAY1 BUT TO WORK]S COMPANIES1 ON A D\BLE CONTRACT2 ONE .<444.> GU>ANTEE+ TO SOCIETY .<444.> ! O!R GU>ANTEE+ ! NATURAL RI<TS ( EV]Y MEMB] ( ! WORK] ,ASSOCIATION ) RESPECT TO HIS COLLEAGUES40 

,ESS5TIALLY1 !SE DEBATES W]E BETWE5 MUTUALI/S OV] EXT5D+ COLLECTIVE [N]%IP TO L&4 ,AS LEAD+ ,COLLECTIVI/ ,CES> DE ,PAEPE 7#a#h#d#a-#a#h#i7 NOT$1 0,I AM JU/ AS MU* A MUTUALI/ AS ,TOLA9 .<444.> BUT ,I DO NOT SEE ?AT ! COLLECTIVE [N]%IP ( L& IS OPPOS$ TO ! MUTUALI/ PROGRAM40 ,AS WELL AS URG+ COLLECTIVE [N]%IP ( L& AS WELL AS 9DU/RY1 ! COLLECTIVI/S CAN ALSO BE CONSID]$ AS MUTUALI/S :O SAW UNIONS AS ,PR\DHON'S 0AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL COMB9ATION40 

,! IDEAS LAT] CALL$ SYNDICALISM DEVELOP$ 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?US WE F9D ,FR5* ,9T]NATIONALI/1 TRADE UNION ORGANIZ] & FUTURE ,COMMUN>D ,EUG5E ,V>L9 7#a#h#c#i-#a#h#g#a7 >GU+ ?AT3 

0,UNLESS Y\ WANT TO R$UCE EV]Y?+ TO A C5TRALIZ+ & AU?ORIT>IAN /ATE .<444.> ! WORK]S !MSELVES MU/ HAVE ! FREE DISPOSAL ( !IR 9/RUM5TS ( LABOR .<444.> TRADE ASSOCIATIONS 7RESI/ANCE1 SOLID>ITY1 UNION7 .<444.> >E ! NATURAL ELEM5TS ( ! SOCIAL CON/RUCTION ( ! FUTURE2 IT IS !Y :O CAN EASILY BECOME PRODUC] ASSOCIATIONS40 

,!SE SYNDICALI/ IDEAS W]E =MALLY PUT TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL BY ,FR5* AN>*I/ TRADE UNIONI/ ,JEAN-,L\IS ,P9DY 7#a#h#d-#a#i#a#g7 & IT WAS AGRE$ ?AT 0RESI/ANCE SOCIETIES0 W]E ESS5TIAL BO? 0TO PREP>E = ! FUTURE & TO 5SURE AS F> AS POSSIBLE ! PRES5T .<444.> GR\P+ ( DIFF]5T TRADE UNIONS BY T[N & BY C\NTRY .<444.> =MS ! COMMUNE ( ! FUTURE .<444.> ,GOV]NM5T IS REPLAC$ BY ! C\NCILS ( ! ASSEMBL$ TRADES UNIONS40 

,?IS MEANT ?AT ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL HAD TWO MA9 S*OOLS ( ?\<T4 

,! FIR/ WAS ASSOCIAT$ ) ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 & IT >GU$ = DIRECT ACTION & UNIONS AS ! FOCUS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S DAY-TO-DAY /RUGGLE ) WORK]S' C\NCILS AS ! MEANS = A*IEV+ ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION3 

0,WORK]S1 NO LONG] C\NT ON ANYONE BUT Y\RSELVES .<444.> ,AB/A9 FROM ALL P>TICIPATION 9 B\RGEOIS RADICALISM & ORGANIZE \TSIDE ( IT ! =CES ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! BASIS ( ?AT ORGANIZATION IS 5TIRELY GIV53 ! WORK%OPS & ! F$]ATION ( ! WORK%OPS .<444.> 9/RUM5TS ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE .<444.> ,! CREATION ( ,*AMB]S ( ,LABOR .<444.> ! LIQUIDATION ( ! ,/ATE & ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY40 

,! SECOND WAS ASSOCIAT$ ) ,K>L ,M>X & IT >GU$ = POLITICAL ACTION & ! TRANS=MATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL 9TO A POLITICAL P>TY ) ,P>LIAM5T ! FOCUS = BO? DAY-TO-DAY ACTIVITY & AS ! MEANS ( A*IEV+ ! REVOLUTION4 ,AS ,5GELS SUMM>IZ$ LAT]3 

0,9 EV]Y /RUGGLE ( CLASS AGA9/ CLASS1 ! NEXT 5D F\<T = IS POLITICAL P[]2 ! RUL+ CLASS DEF5DS ITS POLITICAL SUPREMACY .<444.> ITS SAFE MAJORITY 9 ! ,LEGISLATURE2 ! 9F]IOR CLASS FI<TS =1 FIR/ A %>E1 !N ! :OLE ( ?AT P[]1 9 ORD] TO BECOME 5ABL$ TO *ANGE EXI/+ LAWS 9 CON=MITY ) !IR [N 9T]E/S & REQUIREM5TS4 ,?US ! WORK+ CLASS ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 = YE>S F\<T >D5TLY & EV5 VIOL5TLY = ! ,PEOPLE'S ,*>T]1 :I* WAS TO GIVE IT ?AT POLITICAL P[]40 

,?IS WAS ! !ORETICAL1 PRACTICAL & ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT = ! CLA% BETWE5 ,BAKUN9 & ,M>X1 A CLA% :I* :ILE (T5 PORTRAY$ AS DRIV5 BY 9DIVIDUALS ACTUALLY EXPRESS$ A DEEP] CONFLICT & ONE :I* HAS RECURR$ TIME & TIME AGA9 )9 ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T BETWE5 ! ADVOCATES ( DIRECT ACTION & ELECTIONE]+4 

,AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM 

,BAKUN9'S CRITIQUE ( ,M>XISM WAS PROPHETIC ON MANY FRONTS4 

,FIR/1 HE PR$ICT$ ?AT ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC TACTICS W\LD PRODUCE ,RE=MISM AS 0WORK] DEPUTIES1 TRANSF]R$ 9TO B\RGEOIS SURR\ND+S & AN ATMOSPH]E ( 5TIRELY B\RGEOIS POLITICAL IDEAS1 CEAS+ 9 FACT TO BE WORK]S BY BECOM+ ,/ATESM51 WILL BECOME B\RGEOIS .<444.> ,= M5 DO NOT MAKE SITUATIONS1 ON ! CONTR>Y IT IS SITUATIONS ?AT MAKE M540 ,! HI/ORY ( EV]Y SOCIALI/ P>TY CONFIRM$ ?IS4 ,SECOND1 BAS$ ON AN ANALYSIS ( ! ,/ATE :I* SAW ?AT IT EQUALS M9ORITY RULE1 NOT PEOPLE P[]1 HE >U$ ?AT ,M>XISM W\LD CREATE A NEW RUL+ CLASS3 

0,NO /ATE1 H[EV] DEMOCRATIC .<444.> CAN EV] GIVE ! PEOPLE :AT !Y REALLY WANT1 I4E41 ! FREE SELF-ORGANIZATION & ADM9I/RATION ( !IR [N AFFAIRS FROM ! BOTTOM UPW>D .<444.> BECAUSE EV]Y /ATE .<444.> IS 9 ESS5CE ONLY A MA*9E RUL+ ! MASSES FROM ABOVE1 ?R\< A PRIVILEG$ M9ORITY ( CONCEIT$ 9TELLECTUALS1 :O IMAG9E ?AT !Y KN[ :AT ! PEOPLE NE$ & WANT BETT] ?AN DO ! PEOPLE !MSELVES0 

,! ,/ATE1 HE RI<TLY >GU$1 0HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! PATRIMONY ( SOME PRIVILEG$ CLASS0 & 5D+ ! L&LORD & CAPITALISM CLASSES :ILE RETA9+ IT SIMPLY MEANS IT 0BECOMES ! PATRIMONY ( ! BUREAUCRATIC CLASS40 ,/ATE CAPITALISM W\LD BE CREAT$1 NOT SOCIALISM1 = NATIONALIZATION W\LD SIMPLY MEAN ,/ATE (FICIALS 0CONC5TRAT+ 9 !IR [N H&S ALL .<444.> PRODUCTION .<444.> UND] ! DIRECT COMM& ( /ATE 5G9E]S1 :O WILL =M A NEW PRIVILEG$ SCI5TIFIC & POLITICAL CLASS40 ,! HI/ORY ( EV]Y SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION CONFIRM$ ?IS4 

,YET1 & IT IS IMPORTANT TO /RESS ?IS AS ,M>XI/S SUGGE/ O!RWISE1 ,BAKUN9'S OPPOSITION TO ! SO-CALL$ 0WORK]S' ,/ATE0 HAD NO?+ TO DO ) DEF5D+ A REVOLUTION4 ,H5CE WE F9D HIM >GU+ ?AT 0TO DEF5D ! REVOLUTION0 WE NE$ TO 0=M A COMMUNAL MILITIA0 & 0F$]ATE .<444.> = COMMON DEF5SE40 

,SO ,BAKUN9 DEVELOP$ REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM1 AN AN>*ISM BAS$ ON ,DIRECT ,ACTION NOT POLITICAL ACTION 7ELECTIONE]+74 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL MU/ 0AT FIR/ AS ITS SOLE BASIS .<WAGE.> ! EXCLUSIVELY ECONOMIC /RUGGLE ( LABOR AGA9/ CAPITAL0 = !RE IS 0ONLY A S+LE PA? .<444.> EMANCIPATION ?R\< PRACTICE0 & ?IS CAN ONLY MEAN 0! /RUGGLE ( ! WORK]S 9 SOLID>ITY AGA9/ ! BOSSES4 ,IT IS TRADES UNIONS1 ORGANIZATION & ! F$]ATION ( RESI/ANCE FUNDS40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 LIB]ATION CAN BE A*IEV$ ONLY 0BY ! DEVELOPM5T & ORGANIZATION1 NOT ( ! POLITICAL BUT ( ! SOCIAL 7&1 BY CONSEQU5CE1 ANTI-POLITICAL7 P[] ( ! WORK+ MASSES AS MU* 9 ! T[NS AS 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE40 ,UNIONS W]E SE5 AS A MEANS TO BO? FI<T & REPLACE CAPITALISM3 

0,! ORGANIZATION ( TRADE SECTIONS1 !IR F$]ATION .<444.> & !IR REPRES5TATION BY ,*AMB]S ( ,LABOR .<444.> UNIT+ PRACTICE ) !ORY .<444.> C>RY ! LIV+ SE$S ( ! NEW SOCIAL ORD] ?AT IS TO REPLACE ! B\RGEOIS WORLD4 ,!Y CREATE NOT ONLY ! IDEAS BUT ! V]Y FACTS ( ! FUTURE40 

,! SIMIL>ITIES ) :AT WAS LAT] CALL$ SYNDICALISM >E CLE> & IT COMES AS NO SURPRISE TO DISCOV] ?AT ,BAKUN9 ALSO VIEW$ ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE WAS A MEANS TO />T ! REVOLUTION = :5 0/RIKES SPREAD FROM ONE PLACE TO ANO!R1 !Y COME CLOSE TO TURN+ 9TO A G5]AL /RIKE0 :I* 0CAN RESULT ONLY 9 A GREAT CATACLYSM :I* =CES SOCIETY TO %$ ITS OLD SK940 

,/ILL1 9 SPITE ( !SE DEVELOPM5TS1 ,BAKUN9 RECOGNIZ$ ! ORIG9S ( MANY ( HIS IDEAS & SO >GU$ ?AT ,COLLECTIVISM WAS 0,PR\DHONISM WIDELY DEVELOP$ & PU%$ RI<T TO !SE1 ITS F9AL CONSEQU5CES40 

,PET] ,KROPOTK9 7#a#h#d#b-#a#i#b#a7 

,:ILE ,BAKUN9 HELP$ CREATE REVOLUTION>Y AN>*ISM 9 ! LA/ DECADE ( HIS LIFE1 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 HELP$ DEVELOP IT OV] ! C\RSE ( FIVE DECADES4 ,LIKE ,BAKUN91 HE WAS BORN 9TO ! ,RUSSIAN >I/OCRACY BUT HE WAS ALSO A WORLD R5[N SCI5TI/1 SPECIFICALLY A GEOGRAPH]4 ,HE1 LIKEWISE1 REJECT$ HIS ELITE BACKGR\ND & AL?\< READ+ ,PR\DHON :ILE /ATION$ 9 ,SIB]IA1 HE ONLY BECOME AN AN>*I/ DUR+ A TRIP TO ,SWITZ]L& 9 #a#h#g#b4 ,RETURN+ TO ,RUSSIA1 HE TOOK P>T 9 ! RIS+ POPULI/ MOVEM5T BE=E BE+ >RE/$ & IMPRISON$4 ,HE ESCAP$ 9 #ahgf & W5T 9TO EXILE1 SOON BECOM+ AN ACTIVE MEMB] ( ! MOVEM5T 9 ,FRANCE & ! ,SWISS ,JURA4 ,DUE TO HIS WRIT+ =1 & $ITOR%IP1 ( ,LE ,REVOLTE1 HE IS >RE/$ 9 ,FRANCE & AFT] ! #ahhc ,LYON %[ TRAIL IMPRISON$4 ,PUBLIC PRESSURE 5SUR$ HIS RELEASE 9 #ahhe & ! FOLL[+ YE> HE WAS AGA9 EXIL$1 ?IS TIME TO ,BRITA9 :]E HE /AY$ UNTIL HE F9ALLY RETURN$ TO ,RUSSIAN AFT] ! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION ( #a#i#a#g4 

,DUR+ HIS TIME 9 ! MOVEM5T1 HE WROTE MANY ,AN>*I/ BOOKS :I* QUICKLY BECAME RECOGNIZ$ AS CLASSICS3 ,WORDS ( A ,REBEL 7#a#h#h#e71 ,! ,CONQUE/ ( ,BREAD 7#a#h#i#b71 ,! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 #a#g#h#i-#a#g#i#c 7#a#i#i7 & ,MOD]N ,SCI5CE & ,AN>*Y 7#a#i#a#c74 ,H[EV]1 HE ALSO PRODUC$ MANY WORKS ON POPUL> SCI5CE & O!R SUBJECTS1 9CLUD+3 ,9 ,RUSSIAN & ,FR5* ,PRISONS 7#a#h#h#g71 ,FIELDS1 ,FACTORIES & ,WORK%OPS 7#a#h#i#h71 HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTIONI/ 7#a#h#i#i7 & PROBABLY HIS MO/ FAM\S WORK1 ,MUTUAL ,AID 7#a#i#b74 

,YET ?IS ONLY ACC\NTS = A FRACTION ( HIS WRIT+S1 = HE WAS ! AU?OR ( NUM]\S >TICLES & PAMPHLETS 9 SU* LIB]T>IAN NEWSPAP]S AS ,LE ,REVOLTE1 ,LA ,REVOLTE1 ,LES ,TEMPS ,N\VEAUX & ,FRE$OM 79 FACT1 MO/ ( HIS AN>*I/ BOOKS W]E COLLECTIONS ( NEWSPAP] >TICLES74 ,HE ALSO CONTRIBUT$ REGUL>LY TO MA9/REAM J\RNALS1 MO/ (T5 ! ,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY1 A LEAD+ ,BRITI% LIB]AL MON?LY4 

,A COMPREH5SIVE SELECTION ( HIS WORKS - BOOKS1 PAMPHLETS & >TICLES - CAN BE F\ND 9 ! AN?OLOGY ,DIRECT ,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ,CAPITAL4 

,MUTUAL ,AID 

,AS NOT$1 ,MUTUAL ,AID IS ,KROPOTK9'S MO/ FAM\S WORK - AL?\< IT W\LD APPE> ?AT SOME :O CLAIM TO HAVE READ IT DO NOT MANAGE READ BEYOND ! TITLE 7EV5 READ+ ! SUBTITLE W\LD DEBUNK MANY FALSE NOTIONS AB\T IT3 ,A ,FACTOR ( ,EVOLUTION74 ,AS HE MAKES CLE>1 IT IS A DELIB]ATELY ONE-SID$ WORK AS IT IS 0A BOOK ON ! LAW ( ,MUTUAL ,AID1 VIEW$ AT AS ONE ( ! *IEF FACTORS ( EVOLUTION - NOT ( ALL FACTORS ( EVOLUTION & !IR RESPECTIVE VALUES40 ,SO1 RA!R ?AN SEE+ NATURE AS ONE BIG HIPPIE LOVEFE/1 HE SAW ?AT 0! W> ( EA* AGA9/ ALL IS NOT ! LAW ( NATURE4 ,MUTUAL AID IS AS MU* A LAW ( NATURE AS MUTUAL /RUGGLE40 ,AS SU*1 IT IS1 AS ,KROPOTK9 IS AT PA9S TO /RESS1 V]Y MU* )9 ! ,D>W9IAN TRADITION4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON ! 0SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/0 7TO USE ,H]B]T ,SP5C]'S EXPRESSION7 = IT >GU$ ?AT 0ANIMALS :I* ACQUIRE HABITS ( MUTUAL AID >E UND\BT$LY ! FITTE/0 & ?AT 0LIFE 9 SOCIETIES IS ! MO/ P[]FUL WEAPON 9 ! /RUGGLE = LIFE40 

,MUTUAL AID 7COOP]ATION71 9 %ORT1 B5EFITS 9DIVIDUALS & SECURES SURVIVAL ( !IR (F-SPR+ AS IT ALL[S 0! MA9T5ANCE & FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! SPECIES1 TOGE!R ) ! GREATE/ AM\NT ( WELF>E & 5JOYM5T ( LIFE = ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ) ! LEA/ WA/E ( 5]GY40 ,?IS POSITION1 IT MU/ BE /RESS$1 HAS BECOME A /&>D P>T ( MOD]N SOCIOBIOLOGY1 AL?\< IT IS USUALLY CR$IT$ TO ,ROB]T ,TRIV]S & T]M$ 0,RECIPROCAL ,ALTRUISM0 RA!R ?AN MUTUAL AID4 ,YET ! >GUM5TS >E ! SAME - EV5 D[N TO ! 5=CEM5T ME*ANISM BY :I* ! UNCOOP]ATIVE >E 0TREAT$ AS AN 5EMY1 OR EV5 WORSE40 7TO USE ,KROPOTK9'S WORDS7 

,UNIONS1 ,SOVIETS1 ,ASSEMBLIES 

,KROPOTK91 LIKE MANY AN>*I/ ?9K]S1 SUFF]S MORE ?AN HIS FAIR %>E ( MISUND]/&+S &1 SADLY1 DELIB]ATE DI/ORTIONS4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ OBVI\S IS ! PICTURE PA9T$ ( HIM AS SOME K9D ( ,AN>*O-,SANTA1 ! G5TLE ADVOCATE ( COOP]ATION & - = ! REALLY IGNORANT - PACIFISM4 

,IT IS H>D TO KN[ H[ ANYONE FAMILI> ) HIS IDEAS C\LD SUGGE/ ?AT1 = EV5 ,MUTUAL ,AID DOES NOT IGNORE CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,9DE$1 IT IS A KEY ASPECT ( HIS ACC\NT ( SOCIAL EVOLUTION & 9 HIS DISCUSSION ( MOD]N SOCIETY PO9TS TO 0! EXT5SION & ! =CE ( LABOR ORGANIZATIONS0 AS AN EXAMPLE ( 0MUTUAL AID10 :I* IS 0CON/ANTLY PRACTIC$ BY0 UNIONS & /RIK]S4 ,/ILL1 AS WE ALL KN[1 NOT BE+ FAMILI> ) SOMEONE'S IDEAS HAD NEV] /OPP$ CRITICS SP\T+ =? UPON !M4 

,LE/ WE =GET1 = ,KROPOTK9 MUTUAL AID ALL[S 9DIVIDUALS & SPECIES TO FL\RI% )9 A HO/ILE 5VIRONM5T & SO IT %\LD COME AS NO SURPRISE ?AT HE >GU$ ?AT WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE HAD TO ORGANIZE COLLECTIVELY TO RESI/ ! HO/ILE 5VIRONM5T ( CAPITALISM4 ,AS SU*1 HE WAS AN ADVOCATE ( SYNDICALISM - REVOLUTION>Y UNIONISM -- BE=E & AFT] ! WORD WAS CO9$ 9 ! #a#h#iS4 ,?US1 TO QUOTE HIM FROM #a#h#h#a1 0TO MAKE REVOLUTION1 ! MASS ( WORK]S MU/ ORGANIZE !MSELVES1 & RESI/ANCE & ! /RIKE >E EXCELL5T MEANS BY :I* WORK]S CAN ORGANIZE .<444.> ,:AT IS REQUIR$ IS TO BUILD RESI/ANCE ASSOCIATIONS = EA* TRADE 9 EA* T[N .<444.> TO F$]ATE ACROSS ,FRANCE1 TO F$]ATE ACROSS BORD]S40 ,HE SUMM>IZ$ ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ POSITION 9 HIS JU/LY FAM\SLY 5TRY ON ,AN>*ISM = 
,5CYCLOP$IA ,BRITANNIA3 

0! ,AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS ADVIS$ TAK+ AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ?OSE WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS :I* C>RY ON ! DIRECT /RUGGLE ( ,LABOR AGA9/ ,CAPITAL & ITS PROTECTOR -- ! ,/ATE40 

0,UNIONS10 !N :]E ! 0NATURAL ORGANS = ! DIRECT /RUGGLE ) CAPITAL & = ! ORGANIZATION ( ! FUTURE ORD]0 BUT HE ALSO RECOGNIZ$ ! IMPORTANCE ( SIMIL> ORGANIZATIONS1 LIKE WORK]S' C\NCILS 7SOVIETS71 =M$ SPONTANE\SLY DUR+ SOCIAL /RUGGLES4 ,?US WE F9D HIM DUR+ ! #aie ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION >GU+ ?AT 0! WORK]S' ,C\NCIL .<444.> V]Y MU* REM9DS US ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE :I* PREC$$ ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 & IT IS C]TA9 ?AT WORK]S ACROSS ! C\NTRY %\LD ORGANIZE ON ?IS MODEL .<444.> !SE C\NCILS REPRES5T ! REVOLUTION>Y /R5G? ( ! WORK+ CLASS40 ,! AN>*I/S W]E ! FIR/ T5D5CY TO SEE ! POT5TIAL ( ! SOVIETS AS A MEANS TO FI<T & REPLACE ! ,/ATE4 

,YET ,KROPOTK9 DID NOT LIMIT HIMSELF TO 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,HE ALSO SAW ! NE$ = COMMUNITY ASSEMBLIES & PLAC$ !M AT ! HE>T ( HIS #aii ACC\NT ( ! ,GREAT ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION4 ,?US ! 0G5]AL ASSEMBLIES ( ! SECTIONS .<444.> WILL $UCATE EV]Y CITIZ5 POLITICALLY .<444.> ,! /R5G? :I* ?IS .<444.> GAVE TO ! .<,FR5*.> ,REVOLUTION CAN BE EASILY UND]/OOD0 & SO ! 0CONQUE/ ( LIB]TY MU/ BEG9 9 EA* VILLAGE & EA* T[N40 

,:ILE SPONTANEITY WAS A FACTOR 9 SOCIAL *ANGE1 ,KROPOTK9 WAS WELL AW>E ?AT AN>*I/S HAD A ROLE TO PLAY 9 HELP$ CREATE :AT HE T]M$ 0! SPIRIT ( REVOLT40 ,\R ROLE WAS TO 5C\RAGE DIRECT ACTION & SELF-ORGANIZATION =1 AS HE PUT IT 9 HIS F9AL BOOK ,MOD]N ,SCI5CE & ,AN>*Y 7#a#i#a#c73 

0:AT MEANS CAN ! ,/ATE PROVIDE TO ABOLI% ?IS .<CAPITALI/.> MONOPOLY ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS C\LD NOT F9D 9 ITS [N /R5G? & GR\PS8 .<444.> ,C\LD ITS GOV]NM5TAL MA*9E1 DEVELOP$ = ! CREATION & UPHOLD+ ( !SE .<CAPITALI/.> PRIVILEGES1 N[ BE US$ TO ABOLI% !M8 ,W\LD NOT ! NEW FUNCTION REQUIRE NEW ORGANS8 ,& !SE NEW ORGANS W\LD !Y NOT HAVE TO BE CREAT$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES1 9 !IR UNIONS1 !IR F$]ATIONS1 COMPLETELY \TSIDE ! ,/ATE80 

,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ,KROPOTK9 - LIKE ALL AN>*I/S - WAS AW>E ?AT AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY C\LD NEV] APPE> AS IF BY MAGIC4 ,9DE$1 HE EXPLICITLY D5\NC$ :AT HE CORRECTLY T]M$ 0! FALLACY ( A ',ONE-DAY ,REVOLUTION4'0 ,REVOLUTION WAS A PROCESS1 NOT AN EV5T1 & HAS TO HAVE TWO KEY FEATURES IF IT W]E TO BE A SUCCESS4 

,FIR/1 EXPROPRIATION ( ! MEANS ( LIFE - ! L&1 WORKPLACES1 H\S+ & SO ON4 ,HE WAS CONV9C$ ?AT A SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION MEANT ?AT WORK]S 0WILL NOT WAIT = ORD]S FROM ABOVE BE=E TAK+ POSSESSION ( L& & CAPITAL4 ,!Y WILL TAKE !M FIR/1 & !N - ALREADY 9 POSSESSION ( L& & CAPITAL - !Y WILL ORGANIZE !IR WORK40 ,ONLY ?IS W\LD 0CREATE ! SITUATION :]E EA* P]SON MAY LIVE BY WORK+ FREELY1 )\T BE+ =C$ TO SELL HIS WORK & HIS LIB]TY TO O!RS :O ACCUMULATE WEAL? BY ! LABOR ( !IR S]FS40 ,SECOND1 ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE3 0,TOMORR['S ,COMMUNE WILL .<444.> SMA% ! ,/ATE & REPLACE IT ) ! ,F$]ATION40 

,CREAT+ A WORLD FIT = HUMANS W\LD TAKE TIME AS MANY ( ! LEGACIES ( CLASS SOCIETY CANNOT BE REMOV$ 9/ANTANE\SLY4 ,SO NO 0OV]NI<T0 ,REVOLUTIONS3 

0AN UPRIS+ CAN OV]?R[ & *ANGE A GOV]NM5T 9 ONE DAY1 :ILE A REVOLUTION NE$S ?REE OR F\R YE>S ( REVOLUTION>Y CONVULSION TO >RIVE AT TANGIBLE RESULTS .<444.> IF WE %\LD EXPECT ! REVOLUTION1 FROM ITS E>LIE/ 9SURRECTIONS1 TO HAVE A COMMUNI/ *>ACT]1 WE W\LD HAVE TO REL9QUI% ! POSSIBILITY ( A REVOLUTION0 

,! KEY ?+ WAS ! CREATION ( A NEW SOCIAL ORGANIZATION BAS$ ON NEW1 LIB]ATORY PR9CIPLES1 = 0.<T.>O MAKE A REVOLUTION IT IS .<444.> NECESS>Y ?AT AFT] ! RIS+S !RE %\LD BE LEFT SOME?+ NEW 9 ! 9/ITUTIONS1 W\LD P]MIT NEW =MS ( LIFE TO BE ELABORAT$ & E/ABLI%$40 ,H5CE HIS PO9T+ TO ! NE$ TO BUILD F$]ATIONS ( UNIONS1 SOVIETS & COMMUNITY ASSEMBLIES4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ,M>XI/ MY?S NOT)/&+1 HE - LIKE ALL AN>*I/S - RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ! CAPITALI/ CLASS W\LD SIMPLY NOT DISAPPE> H5CE ! NE$ TO ORGANIZE 0MUTUAL PROTECTION AGA9/ AGGRESSION1 MUTUAL AID1 T]RITORIAL DEF5SE0 9 ! %APE ( A F$]ATION ( WORK]S' MILITIAS4 

,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM 

,:ILE ,KROPOTK9 IS ! MO/ FAM\S ADVOCATE = AN>*I/ - OR LIB]T>IAN - COMMUNISM1 HE DID NOT 9V5T ! IDEA - ,JOSEPH ,DEJACQUE RAIS$ ! IDEA 9 ! #a#h#eS & IT DEVELOP$ )9 ! ,F$]ALI/ W+ ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL :ILE ,KROPOTK9 WAS IMPRISON$ 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,NE$LES TO SAY1 AN>*I/ COMMUNISM HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ! ,SOVIET ,UNION OR ! O!R REGIMES FALSELY CALL$ 0COMMUNI/40 ,9DE$1 LIKE O!R AN>*I/S1 HE WAS AN E>LY CRITIC ( ,BOL%EVISM & >GU$ ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION SIMPLY %[$ 0H[ NOT TO 9TRODUCE COMMUNISM0 = ! 0USUAL VICES ( EV]Y C5TRALIZ$ ,/ATE GNAW AWAY AT ?IS ADM9I/RATION1 ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE IS EXCLUD$ FROM RECON/RUCTION1 & ! DICTATORIAL P[]S ( ! COMMUNI/ BUREAUCRATS1 F> FROM ALLEVIAT+ ! EVILS1 ONLY AGGRAVATE !M40 ,RA!R ?AN A C5TRALIZ$ ,/ATI/ SY/EM1 TO WORK & BE G5U9ELY LIB]AT+ 0,COMMUNISM .<444.> MU/ RESULT FROM ?\S&S ( SEP>ATE LOCAL ACTIONS .<444.> ,IT CANNOT BE DICTAT$ BY A C5TRAL BODY3 IT MU/ RESULT FROM ! NUMB]LESS LOCAL NE$S & WANTS40 

,SO IF ! ,SOVIET ,UNION WAS NOT COMMUNISM1 :AT IS COMMUNISM8 ,SIMPLY PUT1 IT IS AN ECONOMIC SY/EM :I* RECOGNIZES ?AT NE$S DO NOT EQUATE TO DE$S 7NOT ?AT CAPITALISM REW>DS PEOPLE ACCORD+ TO !IR LABOR1 ,I AM TALK+ AB\T SOCIALISM H]E74 ,9 %ORT1 IT IS BAS$ ON ! FAM\S MAXIM ( 0,FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR ABILITIES1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S40 ,AS ,KROPOTK9 >GU$1 0! WOMAN :O SUCKLES H] 9FANT & SP5DS SLEEPLESS NI<TS AT ITS B$SIDE1 CANNOT DO AS MU* WORK AS ! MAN :O HAS SLEPT PEACEFULLY40 ,SIMIL>LY ) *ILDR51 ! SICK & ! ELD]LY - ! NE$S ( ALL MU/ BE CONSID]$ RA!R ?AN ME*ANICALLY & COLDLY RECORD+ H[ MU* LABOR SOMEONE HAS EXP5D$4 

,AS WELL AS FAIRNESS & JU/ICE1 ,KROPOTK9 CONSID]$ COMMUNISM 7LIB]T>IAN1 ( C\RSE7 AS BE+ ! BE/ PLAC$ ECONOMIC SY/EM TO DEVELOP 9DIVIDUALITY & P]SONAL ABILITIES = 0)\T COMMUNISM MAN WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO REA* ?AT FULL DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUALITY :I* IS1 P]HAPS1 ! MO/ P[]FUL DESIRE ( EV]Y ?9K+ BE+40 0,COMMUNISM10 !N 0GU>ANTEES ECONOMIC FRE$OM BETT] ?AN ANY O!R =M ( GR\P+ BECAUSE .<444.> IT CAN GU>ANTEE TO ALL WELL-BE+ & EV5 LUXURY BY ONLY ASK+ MAN = A FEW H\RS ( WORK P] DAY 9/EAD ( ! :OLE DAY40 ,?IS /ILL REMA9S AN 9SPIR+ VISION4 

,]RICO ,MALATE/A 7#a#h#e#c-#a#i#c#b7 

,N[ ,I COME TO MY FAVORITE DEAD AN>*I/1 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A4 ,LIKE ,KROPOTK91 A MEMB] ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL & AN>*I/ COMMUNI/1 HE WAS BORN 9TO ! ,ITALIAN MIDDLE-CLASS & REJECT$ HIS BACKGR\ND TO BECOME AN AN>*I/ 9 #a#h#g#b4 ,AS A LEAD+ MILITANT1 HE WAS IMPRISON$ MANY TIMES 9 ,ITALY &1 AS A RESULT1 LIV$ MO/LY 9 EXILE & WAS ACTIVE 9T]NATIONALLY - 9CLUD+ 9 ,ITALY1 ,>G5T9A1 ,BRITA9 & ,AM]ICA4 ,HE ONLY RETURN$ TO ,ITALY 9 #aiai :5 ! REVOLUTION>Y ,BI5NIO ,ROSSO BEGAN & PLAY$ SU* AN ACTIVE P>T 9 EV5TS ! ,ITALIAN GOV]NM5T >RE/$ HIM & OV] #h O!R AN>*I/S & SYNDICALI/S 9 #a#i#b#a4 ,F\ND NOT GUILTY BY A JURY1 HE LEFT PRISON TO FACE ! RIS+ TIDE ( FASCI/ VIOL5CE4 ,9 ! FACE ( 9DIFF]5CE - IF NOT \TRI<T HO/ILITY - BY ! ,ITALIAN ,M>XI/S 7:E!R ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS OR ,COMMUNI/S7 HE ADVOCAT$ UNIT$ FRONT AGA9/ RIS+ FASCISM & ) ITS VICTORY HE WAS PLAC$ UND] H\SE >RE/ BY ,MUSSOL9I4 

,AL?\< AN IMPORTANT & CLE> ?9K]1 HIS ADV5TUR\S LIFE MEANT HE NEV] WROTE A BOOK ON AN>*ISM4 ,HE DID WROTE NUM]\S AN>*I/ PAMPHLETS1 9CLUD+ ,BETWE5 PEASANTS 7#a#h#h#d71 ! CLASSIC ,AN>*Y 7#a#h#i#a7 & ,AT ,! ,CAFE - ,CONV]SATIONS ON ,AN>*ISM 7#a#h#i#g74 ,HE SUMM>IZ$ HIS IDEAS 9 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,PROGRAM 7#a#i#a#i7 :I* WAS POLITICAL /ATEM5T ( ! ,ITALIAN ,AN>*I/ ,UNION4 ,HE ALSO $IT$ & CONTRIBUT$ TO NUM]\S NEWSPAP]S1 9CLUD+ ,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE1 ,L',ASSOCIAZIONE1 ,VOLONTA1 ,UMANITA ,NOVA & ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA 

,MALATE/A'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN>*ISM >E TWO FOLD4 

,FIR/1 :ILE A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/1 ,MALATE/A RECOGNIZ$ ! LIMITATIONS ( :AT C\LD BE T]M$ AN>*ISM ) ADJECTIVES - ! N>R[ PREOCCUPATION ) A PREF]R$ ECONOMIC DOCTR9E4 

,!RE >E MANY REASONS = ?IS POSITION1 NOT LEA/ ! P>ADOX ( ADVOCAT+ FREE COMMUNISM = EV]YONE1 REG>DLESS4 ,AS HE NOT$1 0FREE & VOLUNT>Y COMMUNISM IS IRONICAL IF ONE HAS NOT ! RI<T & ! POSSIBILITY TO LIVE 9 A DIFF]5T REGIME1 COLLECTIVI/1 MUTUALI/1 9DIVIDUALI/ - AS ONE WI%ES1 ALWAYS ON CONDITION ?AT !RE IS NO OPPRESSION OR EXPLOITATION ( O!RS40 ,MOREOV]1 ! FUTURE CANNOT BE PR$ICT$1 LET ALONG F\<T AB\T N[ & SO 0.<I.>T IS NOT RI<T = US1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 TO FALL 9TO /RIFE OV] M]E HYPO!SES40 ,PRACTICALLY1 !N1 !RE WAS 0NO REASON = SPLITT+ UP 9TO SMALL S*OOLS1 9 \R EAG]NESS TO OV]EMPHASIZE C]TA9 FEATURES .<444.> ( ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE1 :I* IS TOO REMOTE FROM US TO P]MIT US TO 5VISION ALL ITS ADJU/M5TS & POSSIBLE COMB9ATIONS40 

,H5CE ! NE$ = AN 0AN>*ISM )\T ADJECTIVES10 :I* MEANT BE+ MEANS ORI5TAT$ & NOT 5DS ORI5TAT$4 ,AN>*I/S HAD TO 0COME TO AN UND]/&+ ON WAYS & MEANS1 & GO =W>DS40 ,?IS MEANT HE WORK$ ) ! ,SPANI% ,COLLECTIVI/S AS !Y %>$ HIS IDEAS ON WORK+ )9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T RA!R ?AN ! ,SPANI% ,AN>*O-,COMMUNI/S :O %>$ HIS VISION ( ! BE/ =M ( A FUTURE FREE SOCIETY4 0,! SUBJECT10 !N1 0IS NOT :E!R WE ACCOMPLI% ,AN>*Y TODAY1 TOMORR[1 OR )9 T5 C5TURIES1 BUT ?AT WE WALK T[>DS ,AN>*Y TODAY1 TOMORR[1 & ALWAYS40 

,SECOND1 HE /RESS$ ! NE$ = AN>*I/S TO ORGANIZE AS AN>*I/S TO 9FLU5CE ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,?IS HE T]M$ ! ,AN>*I/ ,P>TY1 AN EXPRESSION MO/ AN>*I/S TODAY W\LD REJECT BUT BY :I* HE SIMPLY MEANT A F$]ATION ( LIKE-M9D$ COMRADES WORK+ TO W9 O!RS OV] TO !IR IDEAS4 

,MALATE/A1 RI<TLY1 SAW :AT WE DO N[ AS BE+ KEY RA!R ?AN VISIONS ( A BETT] WORLD4 ,H5CE ! NE$ TO BUILD C\NT]-P[] TO HI]>*Y = 0RESI/ANCE FROM ! PEOPLE IS ! ONLY B\ND>Y SET UPON ! BULLY+ ( ! BOSSES & RUL]S40 ,?IS MEANT ! TASK ( ! AN>*I/ P>TY WAS CLE>3 

0,WE MU/ WORK .<444.> TO AWAK5 ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT & ! DESIRE = A FREE & HAPPY LIFE4 ,WE MU/ 9ITIATE & SUPPORT ALL MOVEM5TS ?AT T5D TO WEAK5 ! =CES ( ! ,/ATE & ( CAPITALISM & TO RAISE ! M5TAL LEVEL & MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( ! WORK]S40 

0,ONLY FRE$OM OR ! /RUGGLE = FRE$OM CAN BE ! S*OOL = FRE$OM10 ,MALATE/A >GU$ &0.<I.>F WE WAIT TO PLUNGE 9TO ! FRAY UNTIL ! PEOPLE M\NT ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ COLORS1 WE %ALL RUN GREAT RISK ( REMA9+ ET]NAL DREAM]S40 ,= AN>*Y TO BE A POSSIBILITY1 !N1 0,AN>*I/S .<444.> MU/ /RIVE TO ACQUIRE OV]:ELM+ 9FLU5CE 9 ORD] TO DRAW ! MOVEM5T T[>DS ! REALIZATION ( \R IDEALS4 ,BUT SU* 9FLU5CE MU/ BE WON BY DO+ MORE & BETT] ?AN O!RS40 ,9 %ORT3 

0,! TASK ( ! CONSCI\S M9ORITY IS TO PR(IT FROM V]Y SITUATION TO *ANGE ! 5VIRONM5T 9 A WAY ?AT WILL MAKE POSSIBLE ! $UCATION ( ! :OLE PEOPLE40 

,?IS MEANT ?AT AN>*I/S NE$$ TO ORGANIZE AS AN>*I/S1 ?AT 0WE MU/ DEEP51 DEVELOP & PROPAGATE \R IDEAS & CO-ORD9ATE \R =CES 9 A COMMON ACTION40 ,& HE WAS COMPLETELY RI<T 9 ?IS4 

,RUDOLF ,ROCK] 7#a#h#g#c-#a#i#e#h7 

,\R F9AL LIB]T>IAN TONI<T IS ,RUDOLF ,ROCK]4 ,BORN 9TO ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS1 HE WAS 9ITIALLY A SOCIAL DEMOCRAT & BECAME AN AN>*I/ 9 #a#h#i4 ,HE1 LIKE MANY ,EUROPEAN AN>*I/S 79CLUD+ ,KROPOTK9 & ,MALATE/A71 SETTL$ 9 ,LONDON 9 #ahie & SOON BECAME 9VOLV$ 9 ,BRITI% ,JEWI% LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,HIS & O!RS ACTIVISM CULM9AT$ 9 ! GREAT /RIKE ( #aiab AGA9/ ! SWEAT+ SY/EM & ! SOLID>ITY ACTIONS :I* HELP$ ! DOCK]S W9 A SIGNIFICANT VICTORY4 

,LIKE ALMO/ ALL AN>*I/S1 HE OPPOS$ ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> & WAS EV5TUALLY 9T]N$ DUR+ IT BE=E BE+ EXPELL$ TO ,G]MANY AFT] ITS 5D4 ,HE TOOK A LEAD+ ROLE 9 ! RIS+ ,G]MAN SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T & WAS A F\ND+ MEMB] ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION 9 #a#i#b#b4 ,! RISE ( ,NAZIS SAW HIM FLEE ,G]MANY 9 #aicc & HE >RIV$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES TO CONT9UE HIS WRIT+ & ACTIVISM4 

,A PROLIFIC WRIT] ( AN>*I/ BOOKS1 SADLY ONLY A FEW >E 9 ,5GLI%3 ,NATIONALISM & ,CULTURE 7#a#i#c#c71 ! CLASSIC ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM3 ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE 7#a#i#c#g71 ,PIONE]S ( ,AM]ICAN ,FRE$OM 7#a#i#d#g7 & ! AUTOBIOGRAPHY ,! ,LONDON ,YE>S 7#a#i#e#f74 ,HE ALSO WROTE MANY >TICLES = PAP]S LIKE ,>BET] ,FRA9T & ,FRE$OM & PAMPHLETS SU* AS ,PR9ZIPI5]KL>UNG DES ,SYNDIKALISMUS 7#a#i#b7 & ,D] ,BANKROTT DES RUSSIS*5 ,/AATSKOMMUNISMUS 7#a#i#b#a74 

,ROCK] IS BE/ KN[N AS ! AU?OR ( ?AT GREAT 9TRODUCTORY WORK ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM3 ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE1 A BOOK ,NOAM ,*OMSKY QUOTES REGUL>LY & PROVID$ A PREFACE = ITS #aihi REPR9T4 ,?IS MAY GIVE ! FALSE IMPRESSION ?AT AN>*O-COMMUNISM & AN>*O-SYNDICALISM >E SOMEH[ RADICALLY DIFF]5T OR OPPOS$4 ,9DE$1 ,L59I/S DIATRIBES AGA9/ AN>*ISM USUALLY ASS]T ?AT SYNDICALISM IS PRECISELY ?AT & AT ODDS ) 09DIVIDUALI/IC0 AN>*ISM4 ,?IS IS NONS5SE AS CAN BE SE5 FROM ,ROCK]'S LIFE & IDEAS3 HE WAS A SYNDICALI/ BECAUSE HE WAS A 7LIB]T>IAN7 COMMUNISM4 ,9 FACT1 HE RECALLS 9 HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY H[ ,KROPOTK9'S 0BOOKS HAD 9FLU5C$ MY :OLE DEVELOPM5T1 HAD %AP$ MY :OLE LIFE40 ,AS NOT$1 ,KROPOTK9 - LIKE ,BAKUN9 - HAD ADVOCAT$ :AT BECAME KN[N AS SYNDICALISM FROM ! />T ( !IR AN>*I/ LIVES4 

,ROCK]1 LIKE MANY AN>*I/S1 /RESS$ ! NE$ TO BUILD ! NEW WORLD :ILE FI<T+ ! CURR5T ONE1 = 0.<S.>OCIAL IDEAS >E NOT SOME?+ ONLY TO DREAM AB\T = ! FUTURE4 ,IF !Y >E TO MEAN ANY?+ AT ALL !Y MU/ BE TRANSLAT$ 9TO \R DAILY LIFE1 H]E & N[2 !Y MU/ %APE \R RELATIONS ) \R FELL[-MAN40 ,?IS1 BE NECESSITY1 MEANT SELF-ACTIVITY & SELF-ORGANIZATION WAS ! ONLY MEANS ( A*IEV+ A FREE SOCIETY3 

0,DIRECT ,ACTION IS EV]Y ME?OD ( IMM$IATE W>F>E BY ! WORK]S AGA9/ !IR ECONOMIC & POLITICAL OPPRESSORS .<444.> NOT ONLY A MEANS = ! DEF5SE ( IMM$IATE ECONOMIC 9T]E/S .<444.> ALSO A CONT9U\S S*OOL+ = !IR P[]S ( RESI/ANCE0 

,& LIKE ,MALATE/A1 HE SAW ! NE$ = AN>*I/S TO WORK TOGE!R :5 APPROPRIATE = !Y HAD MORE 9 COMMON ?AT DIFF]5CES3 0ALL ! IDEAS ( MUTUALISM1 COLLECTIVISM OR COMMUNISM W]E SUBORD9ATE TO ! GREAT IDEA ( $UCAT+ PEOPLE TO BE FREE & TO ?9K & WORK FREELY40 ,ANO!R IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTION1 = :I* HE IS 9DEBT$ TO ,KROPOTK91 IS A CLE> AW>5ESS ( ! P[] & NECESSITY ( HOPE 9 A*IEV+ SOCIAL *ANGE 7:E!R RE=MS OR REVOLUTION73 

0',! WORSE ! BETT]1' WAS BAS$ ON AN ]RONE\S ASSUMPTION4 ,LIKE .<444.> ',ALL OR NO?+1' :I* MADE MANY RADICAL OPPOSE ANY IMPROVEM5T 9 ! LOT ( ! WORK]S .<444.> ON ! GR\ND ?AT IT W\LD DI/RACT ! M9D ( ! PROLET>IAT1 & TURN IT AWAY FROM ! ROAD :I* LEADS TO SOCIAL EMANCIPATION4 ,IT IS CONTR>Y TO ALL ! EXP]I5CE ( HI/ORY & ( PSY*OLOGY2 PEOPLE :O >E NOT PREP>$ TO FI<T = ! BETT]M5T ( !IR LIV+ CONDITIONS >E NOT LIKELY TO FI<T = SOCIAL EMANCIPATION4 ,SLOGANS ( ?IS K9D >E LIKE A CANC] 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T0 

,H5CE ! PRESS+ NE$ = LIB]T>IANS TO WORK )9 & 5C\RAGE POPUL> MOVEM5TS1 NOT LEA/ ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,?IS WAS P>TICUL>LY IMPORTANT :5 LOOK+ AT ! FATE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T :5 IT HAS EMBRAC$ ,M>XI/ TACTICS & IDEOLOGY4 ,ROCK] SIMPLY /AT$ ! OBVI\S :5 HE NOT$ ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 POLITICAL 797ACTION V]SUS ,SYNDICALISM3 

0,P>TICIPATION 9 ! POLITICS ( ! B\RGEOIS ,/ATES HAS NOT BR\<T ! LABOR MOVEM5T A HAIR'S-BREAD? NE>] TO ,SOCIALISM .<444.> ,SOCIALISM HAS ALMO/ BE5 COMPLETELY CRU%$ & CONDEMN$ TO 9SIGNIFICANCE0 

,P>LIAM5T>IANISM HAD 0DE/ROY$ ! BELIEF 9 ! NECESSITY ( CON/RUCTIVE ,SOCIALI/ ACTIVITY1 &1 WORSE ( ALL1 ! IMPULSE TO SELF-HELP1 BY 9OCULAT+ PEOPLE ) ! RU9\S DELUSION ?AT SALVATION ALWAYS COMES FROM ABOVE40 ,IF Y\ QUE/ION ?IS ANALYSIS1 !N ,I W\LD HUMBLY SUGGE/ ?AT Y\ HAVE NOT BE5 PAY+ ATT5TION4 

,ROCK] WAS ALSO RI<T TO /RESS ?AT ! CLASS /RUGGLE WAS MORE ?AN JU/ AB\T ECONOMIC ISSUES4 ,REFUT+ ?OSE :O CLAIM ?AT LIB]T>IANS >E 9DIFF]5T TO POLITICAL ISSUES & RI<TS1 HE >GU$ ?AT ! 0PO9T ( ATTACK 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE LIES1 NOT 9 ! LEGISLATIVE BODIES1 BUT 9 ! PEOPLE4 ,POLITICAL RI<TS0 >E 0=C$ ON P>LIAM5TS FROM )\T4 ,& EV5 !IR 5ACTM5T 9TO LAW0 IS 0NO GU>ANTEE0 = GOV]NM5TS >E ALWAYS 09CL9$ TO RE/RICT .<444.> RI<TS & FRE$OMS .<444.> IF !Y IMAG9E ?AT ! PEOPLE WILL PUT UP NO RESI/ANCE40 ,?IS MEANS ?AT DIRECT ACTION IS NE$$ TO RESI/ POLITICAL & SOCIAL OPPRESSION JU/ AS MU* AS EXPLOITATION 9 ! WORKPLACE4 

,SOCIALISM1 = LIB]T>IANS1 IS 0NOT A SIMPLE QUE/ION ( A FULL BELLY1 BUT A QUE/ION ( CULTURE ?AT W\LD HAVE TO 5LI/ ! S5SE ( P]SONALITY & ! FREE 9ITIATIVE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL2 )\T FRE$OM IT W\LD LEAD ONLY TO A DISMAL /ATE CAPITALISM :I* W\LD SACRIFICE ALL 9DIVIDUAL ?\<T & FEEL+ TO A FICTITI\S COLLECTIVE 9T]E/40 ,?US SOCIAL LIB]TIES & 9DIVIDUAL DEVELOPM5T >E SOCIALI/ ISSUES & CANNOT BE PUT (F TO ! DI/ANT FUTURE BUT CONQU]$ TODAY = !Y >E A KEY MEANS ( 5C\RAGE A SOCIAL REVOLUTION & 5SUR+ ITS SUCCESS4 

,LIKE ,KROPOTK9 & ,MALATE/A1 ,ROCK] SAW BO? ! HOPE PRODUC$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ITS DEG5]ATION 9TO BUREAUCRATIC /ATE-CAPITALI/ P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 ,JU/ AS ,MALATE/A PLAY$ A KEY P>T 9 ! NE> REVOLUTION 9 ,ITALY AFT] ! 5D ( ! ,FIR/ ,WORD ,W>1 ,ROCK] TOOK P>T 9 ! SIMIL> EV5TS 9 ,G]MANY AS WELL AS SEE+ ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ( #aicf EXPRESS AN>*Y 9 ACTION4 ,?IS SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 AL?\< ULTIMATELY CRU%$ BETWE5 ! =CES ( ,FASCISM & ,/AL9ISM1 %[$ ?AT ! ,SPANI% WORK]S & PEASANTS1 0BY TAK+ ! L& & ! 9DU/RIAL PLANTS UND] !IR [N MANAGEM5T10 HAD MADE 0! FIR/ & MO/ IMPORTANT /EP ON ! ROAD TO ,SOCIALISM0 & 0PROV$ ?AT ! WORK]S .<444.> >E ABLE TO C>RY ON PRODUCTION & TO DO IT BETT] ?AN A LOT ( PR(IT-HUNGRY 5TREPR5EURS40 

,! ,MEAN+ ( ,AN>*ISM 

,WE >E N[ 9 A POSITION TO DEF9E ! MEAN+ ( ,AN>*ISM4 

,IT IS1 FUNDAM5TALLY1 SIMPLY FRE$OM )9 FREE ASSOCIATION4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON LIB]TY :I* MEANS FREE ASSOCIATION & EQUALITY )9 ! ASSOCIATIONS Y\ JO91 O!RWISE FRE$OM BECOMES R$UC$ TO PICK+ MA/]S4 ,?IS1 9 TURN1 MEANS SELF-MANAGEM5T AS ?OSE AFFECT$ BY DECISIONS MU/ MAKE !M & WE CREATE ?IS BY APPLY+ SOLID>ITY & DIRECT ACTION IS \R DAY-TO-DAY /RUGGLES AGA9/ OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION N[4 

,SU* A SOCIETY REQUIR$ AN ECONOMY 9 :I* [N]%IP IS UNDIVID$ BUT ITS USE IS DIVID$4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ONE BAS$ ON SOCIALIZATION 7OR FREE ACCESS7 ( ! MEANS ( LIFE BAS$ ON USE RI<TS 7OR POSSESSION7 REPLAC+ PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! HI]>*IES IT CREATES4 ,SU* A SOCIETY CANNOT BE O!R ?AN ONE BAS$ ON F$]ALISM1 ONE :I* IS ROOT$ 9 DEC5TRALIZATION 7SO ?AT PEOPLE CONTROL !IR [N LIVES7 & DEC5T]$ >\ND GR\PS & F$]ATIONS BAS$ ON FUNCTIONAL DEMOCRACY 9 BO? WORKPLACES & COMMUNITIES4 

,9 %ORT1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM4 

,CONCLUSIONS 

,SOME MAY1 9 SPITE ( AN>*ISM'S POSITIVE LEGACY & CONFIRMATION BY EV5TS1 SUGGE/ ?AT WE >E DREAM]S4 ,WELL1 ,I = ONE PREF] AN>*I/ DREAMS ?AN CAPITALI/ NI<TM>ES4 ,AS ,RUDOLF ,ROCK] PUT IT3 

0,PEOPLE MAY .<444.> CALL US DREAM]S .<444.> ,!Y FAIL TO SEE ?AT DREAMS >E ALSO A P>T ( ! REALITY ( LIFE1 ?AT LIFE )\T DREAMS W\LD BE UNBE>ABLE4 ,NO *ANGE 9 \R WAY ( LIFE W\LD BE POSSIBLE )\T DREAMS & DREAM]S4 ,! ONLY PEOPLE :O >E NEV] DISAPPO9T$ >E ?OSE :O NEV] HOPE & NEV] TRY TO REALIZE !IR HOPE0 

,! QUE/ION Y\ %\LD POND] IS :E!R TO GO D[N ! ROAD NOT TRAVEL$ OR GO D[N1 YET AGA91 /ATI/ DEAD-5DS4 ,AFT] ALL1 WE HAVE HAD TIME & TIME AGA9 RADICALS URG+ US TO TAKE P>T 9 ELECTIONS & TIME & TIME AGA9 WE HAVE SE5 ! SAME \TCOME3 !IR ADJU/M5T TO ! /ATUS QUO AS AN>*I/S PR$ICT$4 ,LIKEWISE1 AS ,ROCK] NOT$1 0SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T HAS ACTUALLY TAK5 ! ROAD ( POLITICAL C5TRALIZATION4 ,AS IF ?IS W]E EVID5CE AGA9/ ,PR\DHON6 ,HAVE ! EVILS ( C5TRALISM1 :I* ,PR\DHON CLE>LY =ESAW & :OSE DANG]S HE DESCRIB$ SO /RIK+LY1 BE5 OV]COME BY ?IS DEVELOPM5T8 ,OR HAS IT OV]COME !M ITSELF8 ,NO6 ,& A ?\S& TIMES NO6 ,!SE EVILS HAVE S9CE 9CREAS$ TO A MON/R\S DEGREE40 

,SO RA!R ?AN REPEAT ! SAME OLD DEM&S ( ! PA/1 WE %\LD LE>N FROM HI/ORY RA!R ?AN REPEAT IT4 ,TAKE1 = EXAMPLE1 ! RIP-(F ( ! PRIVATIZ$ RAILWAYS4 ,YES1 IT IS UND]/&ABLE ?AT PEOPLE CALL = R5ATIONALISATION BUT ?AT WAS H>DLY IDEAL & SO1 P]HAPS WE %\LD CONSID] ,KROPOTK9'S SUGGE/ION ?AT 0IT W\LD BE GOOD TACTICS TO HELP ! ,LABOR ,UNIONS TO 5T] 9TO A TEMPOR>Y POSSESSION ( ! 9DU/RIAL CONC]NS .<444.> TO *ECK ! ,/ATE NATIONALIZATION40 ,AN>*ISM (F]S REAL SOLUTIONS TO REAL PROBLEMS1 SOLUTIONS :I* UND]/& ?AT REPLAC+ BOSSES BY BUREAUCRATS IS NEI!R A REAL *ANGE NOR SOME?+ TO 9SPIRE ACTION4 

,:I* MEANS WE HAVE A CLE> *OICE3 ,AN>*Y 9 ACTION OR POLITICAL 9ACTION8 ,= ,MALATE/A WAS RI<T1 WE NE$ TO 0SUPPORT ALL /RUGGLES = P>TIAL FRE$OM1 BECAUSE WE >E CONV9C$ ?AT ONE LE>NS ?R\< /RUGGLE1 & ?AT ONCE ONE BEG9S TO 5JOY A LITTLE FRE$OM ONE 5DS BY WANT+ IT ALL40 

,\R RUL]S KN[ ?IS TO BE TRUE3 :5 WILL WE8 

,P>T #b3 ,! ,F\ND+ ,MO!RS1 #ahd TO #aid 

,?ANK Y\ = COM+4 ,AS Y\ WILL KN[1 ?IS MEET+ WAS ADV]TIS$ AS FOLL[S3 

,AN>*ISM IS A MU* MISUND]/OOD & MU* MISREPRES5T$ !ORY4 ,REJECT+ ! *AOS ( CAPITALISM & /ATISM1 IT SEEKS TO CREATE ! ORD] ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 A FREE SOCIETY ( FREE ASSOCIATES4 ,TO DISCOV] MORE1 PLEASE JO9 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 7AU?OR ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q7 = AN EXPLORATION ( LIB]T>IAN IDEAS BY MEANS ( SIX MALE & SIX FEMALE AN>*I/ ?9K]S & ACTIVI/S4 

,OV] TWO NI<TS1 ! LIVES & IDEAS ( ! F\ND+ FA!RS & MO!RS ( AN>*ISM -9CLUD+ ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN91 ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL & ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN - WILL BE DISCUSS$ & !IR CONT9U+ RELEVANCE HI<LI<T$4 

,TONI<T1 ,I WILL DISCUSS ! FOLL[+ KEY FEMALE AN>*I/ ?9K]S3 

,&RE ,LEO 

,L\ISE ,MI*EL 

,LUCY ,P>SONS 

,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE 

,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,M>IE-,L\ISE ,B]N]I 

,SOME >E BETT] KN[N ?AN O!RS1 BUT HOPEFULLY Y\ WILL LE>N SOME?+ NEW AB\T ALL ( !M4 ,I COV]$ SIX KEY MALE ONES AT LA/ WEEK'S TALK &1 AS ,I SAID !N1 BY DISCUSS+ ! IDEAS ( !SE SPECIFIC 9DIVIDUALS ,I HOPE TO 9DICATE ! MEAN+ ( ,AN>*ISM & :Y Y\ %\LD BECOME AN AN>*I/4 

,! ,MEAN+ ( ,AN>*ISM 

,AT ! 5D ( MY LA/ TALK1 ,I WAS 9 A POSITION TO DEF9E ! MEAN+ ( ,AN>*ISM4 

,IT IS1 FUNDAM5TALLY1 SIMPLY FRE$OM )9 FREE ASSOCIATION4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON LIB]TY :I* MEANS FREE ASSOCIATION & EQUALITY )9 ! ASSOCIATIONS Y\ JO91 O!RWISE FRE$OM BECOMES R$UC$ TO PICK+ MA/]S4 ,?IS1 9 TURN1 MEANS SELF-MANAGEM5T AS ?OSE AFFECT$ BY DECISIONS MU/ MAKE !M & WE CREATE ?IS BY APPLY+ SOLID>ITY & DIRECT ACTION IS \R DAY-TO-DAY /RUGGLES AGA9/ OPPRESSION & EXPLOITATION N[4 

,SU* A SOCIETY REQUIRES AN ECONOMY 9 :I* [N]%IP IS UNDIVID$ BUT ITS USE IS DIVID$4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ONE BAS$ ON SOCIALIZATION 7OR FREE ACCESS7 ( ! MEANS ( LIFE BAS$ ON USE RI<TS 7OR POSSESSION7 REPLAC+ PRIVATE PROP]TY & ! HI]>*IES IT CREATES4 ,SU* A SOCIETY CANNOT BE O!R ?AN ONE BAS$ ON F$]ALISM1 ONE :I* IS ROOT$ 9 DEC5TRALIZATION 7SO ?AT PEOPLE CONTROL !IR [N LIVES7 & DEC5T]$ >\ND GR\PS & F$]ATIONS BAS$ ON FUNCTIONAL DEMOCRACY 9 BO? WORKPLACES & COMMUNITIES4 

,9 %ORT1 LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM4 

,TYRANNIES1 HOME & AWAY 

,AN>*ISM1 !N1 IS ROOT$ 9 A CRITIQUE BO? PUBLIC & PRIVATE HI]>*Y4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 OPPOSITION TO ,/ATE1 LEAD+ TO GOV]NM5T BE+ REPLAC$ BY F$]ALISM1 & OPPOSITION TO ,CAPITAL1 LEAD+ TO WAGE-LABOR REPLAC$ BY ASSOCIATION4 ,9 ?IS1 ALL MAJOR AN>*I/ ?9K]S AGREE4 

,BUT :AT AB\T AT HOME8 ,SAD TO SAY1 ,PR\DHON DEF5D$ PATRI>*Y & ! MALE-RUN FAMILY4 ,H[EV]1 ,I MU/ /RESS ?AT HE WAS ALONE 9 ?AT & HE EXPRESS$ VIEWS1 AS ,KROPOTK9 NOTES1 0) :I* MO/ MOD]N WRIT]S WILL1 ( C\RSE1 NOT AGREE40 ,YET :ILE !RE IS OPPOSITION TO PATRI>*Y ON ! LEFT1 ?IS IS ALL TOO (T5 LIP-S]VICE & (T5 NOT EV5 ?AT - ?US WE F9D ! ,M>XI/ ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION'S PAP] ,JU/ICE PROCLAIM+ ?AT ,KROPOTK9 WAS 0AS WAYW>D AS A BOY & AS ILLOGICAL AS A WOMAN0 9 ,M>* #a#i#d4 ,SO1 IT IS FAIR TO SAY ?AT SOCIALI/S T5D$ TO IGNORE ! ISSUE 9 PRACTICE4 ,9 %ORT1 ALL S*OOLS ( SOCIALISM HAVE !IR IDIOTS1 LIB]T>IAN & AU?ORIT>IAN 9CLUD$4 

,?IS WAS ! CONTEXT 9 :I* ! SIX LIB]T>IANS ,I DISCUSS TONI<T F\ND !MSELVES &1 UNSURPRIS+LY1 !Y SP5T SOME TIME PO9T+ \T ! 9CONSI/5CIES & /UPIDITIES ( !IR MALE COMRADES AS WELL AS FI<T+ ! SAME EVILS ASSOCIAT$ ) ,CAPITALISM & ,/ATISM4 

,&RE ,LEO 7#a#h#b#d-#a#i7 

,! FIR/ LIB]T>IAN ,I WILL DISCUSS TONI<T IS PROBABLY ! LEA/ WELL-KN[N1 :I* IS A %AME = %E WAS AS A LEAD+ MEMB] ( ! ,FR5* LEFT 9 ! #a#h#fS & #a#h#gS1 AN ,9T]NATIONALI/ & ,COMMUN>D4 

,BORN ,VICTOIRE ,LEODILE ,B]A1 %E TOOK ! PSEUDONYM ,&RE ,LEO AFT] H] TWO TW9 SONS' NAMES4 ,A NOVELI/ & J\RNALI/1 %E WAS 9 #ahff A F\ND+ MEMB] ( ,FRANCE'S FIR/ FEM9I/ GR\P1 ,SOCIETE P\R LA ,REV5DICATION DU ,DROIT DES ,FEMMES & ! SAME YE> JO9$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION4 ,%E WROTE = MANY PAP]S & WAS $ITOR ( ! J\RNAL ,LA ,REPUBLIQUE DES TRAVAILLEURS1 BUT %E WAS ALSO AN ACTIVI/ & WAS ACTIVE P>TICIPANT 9 ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 WORK+ 9 ! ,ASSOCIATION ( ,WOM5 = ! ,DEF5SE ( ,P>IS & ,AID TO ! ,W\ND$4 ,AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ! ,COMMUNE1 %E W5T 9TO EXILE 9 ,SWITZ]L& 7AGA97 UNTIL #ahh & !RE %E JO9$ ,BAKUN9'S ,ALLIANCE ( ,SOCIALI/ ,DEMOCRACY4 

,%E WROTE NUM]\S BOOKS1 9CLUD+ ,LA ,FEMME ET LES ,MOEURS3 MON>*IE \ LIB]TE 7#a#h#f#i71 ,LA ,GU]RE SOCIALE3 ,DISC\RS PRONONCE AU ,CONGRES DE LA ,PAIX A ,LAUSANNE #ahga 7#a#h#g#a7 & ,LA ,FAMILLE ,AU DROIT ET L'$UCATION N\VELLE 7#a#h#i#i74 ,9 ADDITION1 %E WROTE NUM]\S >TICLES = MANY RADICAL PAP]S1 9CLUD+ ,LA ,COOP]ATION1 ,L',EGALITE1 ,LA ,SOCIALE1 ,LA ,COMMUNE1 ,CRI DU PEUPLE & ,LA ,REVOLUTION ,SOCIALE4 ,SADLY1 V]Y LITTLE ( H] WRIT+S HAVE BE5 TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI%4 

0! RI<TS ( LABOR0 

,LIKE ALL LIB]T>IANS1 ,LEO WAS V]Y MU* FOCUS$ ON 0! RI<TS ( LABOR0 & RECOGNIZ$ ?AT 0.<T.>HE LAW ( CAPITAL IS >I/OCRATIC BY NATURE4 ,IT T5DS 9CREAS+LY TO CONC5TRATE P[] 9 ! H&S ( A FEW2 IT 9EVITABLY CREATES AN OLIG>*Y1 :I* IS MA/] ( ! NATION'S P[] .<444.> ,IT PURSUES ! 9T]E/ ( A FEW AS AGA9/ ! 9T]E/ ( ALL40 ,?IS RESULT$ 9 A 0PRET5D$ ORD] ?AT ADMITS SUFF]+ AS ! CONDITION ( :AT ONE CALLS PEACE IS ONLY DISORD]4 ,!RE IS NO ECONOMIC SCI5CE1 H[EV] PR(\ND1 ?AT IS ABLE TO R$UCE TO NO?+ ! PROTE/ ( ! MO/ HUMBLE WORK]S1 :O DEM& ) FEEL+ !IR RI<T TO WELL-BE+1 $UCATION1 & ! LEISURE NECESS>Y = ALL MORAL & 9TELLIG5T CREATURES40 ,?IS LIMIT$ ! FUTURE POT5TIAL & OPTIONS ( ?OSE SUBJECT TO IT3 

0,AS LONG AS A *ILD IS POOR .<444.> AS LONG AS HE GR[S UP ) NO IDEAL BUT ! TAV]N1 NO FUTURE BUT ! DAY-TO-DAY WORK ( A BEA/ ( BURD51 MO/ MEMB]S ( HUMANITY WILL BE DEPRIV$ ( !IR RI<TS0 

,H] POSITION CAN BE DESCRIB$ AS CONSI/5T MUTUALISM AS %E >GU$ = ASSOCIATION 9 ALL ASPECTS ( LIFE4 ,?US1 9 ! PAP] ,LA ,COOP]ATION F\ND$ 9 #ahfg %E ADVOCAT$ ! CREATION ( WORK]S ASSOCIATIONS & AFT] A DISCUSSION ( ! M]ITS ( COMMUNISM1 %E NOT$ ?AT %E HAD BE5 9=M$ ?AT H] 0CONCLUSIONS >E PRECISELY ?OSE ( ,PR\DHON 9 HIS ,MEMOIRS ON PROP]TY40 ,YET %E ALSO ATTACK$ ! LEFT = NOT APPLY+ ITS PR9CIPLES & BE+ ILLOGICAL BY DEF5D+ PATRI>*Y AT HOME & 9 SOCIETY1 >GU+ = 0! FULL RI<T ( WOM5 - AS = EV]Y HUMAN BE+ - TO LIB]TY1 TO EQUALITY40 ,%E NOT$ H[ HI]>*Y AT HOME AFFECTS ALL3 0,%E MOLDS H] *ILD .<444.> AS A SLAVE1 %E CAN ONLY CREATE SLAVES40 

,:ILE BE+ UNABLE TO VOTE = IT 7AS SUFFRAGE WAS MALE ONLY71 ,LEO TOOK AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE SEE+ ITS VISION ( A DEC5TRALIZ$1 COMMUNAL & ASSOCIATIONI/ ,FRANCE AS BE+ ! SAME AS H]S4 ,ITS ,C\NCIL ISSU$ H] 0,APPEAL TO RURAL WORK]S0 AS A LEAFLET 7DI/RIBUT$ BY AIR BALLOON7 9 AN ATTEMPT TO WID5 SUPPORT BY PROCLAIM+ 0,! ,L,& ,T,O ,! ,F,>,M,]1 ,! ,T,O,O,L ,T,O ,! ,W,O,R,K,]1 ,W,O,R,K ,= ,A,L,L40 ,H[EV]1 %E WAS CRITICAL ( ITS LACK ( ACTION OV] WOM5'S RI<TS1 WRIT+ ! >TICLE 0,REVOLUTION )\T WOMAN0 9 ,MAY #ahga :I* ASK$ 0.<W.>H5 WILL ! 9TELLIG5CE ( ! ,REPUBLICANS RISE AS F> AS TO UND]/& !IR PR9CIPLE & !IR 9T]E/80 ,! QUE/ION = ! ,COMMUNE WAS SIMPLE3 0DO WE BELIEVE WE CAN MAKE ! ,REVOLUTION )\T WOM58 ,= EI<TY YE>S ?IS HAS BE5 ATTEMPT$ & ! ,REVOLUTION HAS NEV] COME TO PASS40 

,?IS CONC]N DUR+ ! REVOLUTION REFLECT$ >GUM5TS MADE BE=E IT ON ASSOCIATION AT HOME4 ,H] COMM5TS FROM #ahfi AB\T ?OSE ON ! LEFT :O W]E SEXI/S W]E CUTT+3 

0,!SE SO-CALL$ LOV]S ( LIB]TY1 IF !Y CANNOT ALL TAKE P>T 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! ,/ATE1 AT LEA/ !Y WILL BE ABLE TO HAVE A LITTLE K+DOM = !IR P]SONAL USE1 EA* AT HOME4 ,:5 WE PUT GUNP[D] TO DIV9E RI<T1 IT WAS NOT = EV]Y MALE 7,PR\DHONIAN /YLE7 TO HAVE A PIECE4 ,ORD] 9 ! FAMILY )\T HI]>*Y SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE TO !M4 - ,WELL1 !N1 & 9 ! ,/ATE80 

,LEO EXPOS$ H[1 :5 IT CAME TO WOM51 H] MALE COLLEAGUES W]E MORE ?AN HAPPY TO REPUDIATE & CONTRADICT !IR [N-/AT$ PR9CIPLES3 

0,! DEMOCRACY BELIEVES 9 ASSOCIATION AS ! NATURAL ANTIDOTE TO COMPETITION & HI]>*Y .<444.> )\T ! POSSIBILITY ( ASSOCIATION1 ?AT IS TO SAY ( AGREEM5T & PEACE BETWE5 EQUALS1 DEMOCRACY IS A CRAZY PRET5SE .<444.> ,H[EV]1 ! DEMOCRATS SEE 9 M>RIAGE NO O!R GU>ANTEE ( ORD] & PEACE ?AN OB$I5CE4 ,!Y CRY \T3 !RE MU/ BE A *IEF1 A LEAD]%IP2 :O WILL DECIDE80 

,! CONTRADICTION AT ! HE>T ( ?OSE ON ! LEFT :O SUPPORT$ PATRI>*Y AT HOME BUT ASSOCIATION EV]Y:]E ELSE WAS OBVI\S & HAD TO BE ADDRESS$4 ,SOCIALI/S HAD TO BE CONSI/5T & LOGICAL TO BE TAK5 S]I\SLY4 

0! DEMON ( ,AN>*Y0 

,FLEE+ ! SLAU<T] 9FLICT$ ON ,P>IS AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ! ,COMMUNE1 %E FL$ TO ,SWITZ]L& & !RE JO9$ ,BAKUN9 9 ! /RUGGLE )9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION AGA9/ ,M>X :O1 %E >GU$1 0CON/RUCT.<S.> ! OLD PYRAMID 9 ! ,9T]NATIONAL AS ELSE:]E40 ,?IS SAW H] ATTACK$ & 09 DEBAT+ ! 9FALLIBILITY ( ! SUPREME C\NCIL .<444.> WE TOO >E ?REAT5$ ) EXCOMMUNICATION1 & WE HAVE NO O!R C\RSE ?AN TO YIELD \R S\L TO ! DEMON ( ,AN>*Y40 ,I CANNOT HELP ?9K+ ?AT IT IS ?IS1 H] OPPOSITION TO ,M>X & HIS EXPLICIT D5UNCIATION ( H] AS A DREAD$ 0,BAKUN9I/0 :I* HAS HELP$ 5SUR$ H] RELATIVE OBSCURITY TO ?IS DAY4 

,H] POSITION 9 ?IS WAS CONSI/5T ) H] LIB]T>IAN IDEAS & SO %E SAW ! NECESSITY ( BUILD+ ! NEW WORLD :ILE FI<T+ ! OLD4 ,IT WAS ! CASE ?AT 0.<W.>E :O WANT TO DE/ROY Y\R HI]>*IES >E NOT AB\T TO E/ABLI% ANO!R0 & SO ! ,9T]NATIONAL MU/ PRACTICE ! IDEALS N[ & NOT RELEGATE !M TO AFT] A FUTURE REVOLUTION4 ,?IS MEANT APPLY+ F$]ALISM )9 \R ORGANIZATIONS3 

0,EA* SECTION IS SOV]EIGN1 AS >E ! 9DIVIDUALS :O COMPOSE IT1 & :AT B9DS !M ALL IS ! PR(\ND BELIEF 9 EQUALITY1 ! DESIRE TO E/ABLI% IT .<444.> ,! NEW UNITY IS NOT UNI=MITY1 BUT ITS OPPOSITE1 :I* CONSI/S 9 EXP&+ ALL 9ITIATIVES1 ALL FRE$OMS1 ALL CONCEPTIONS1 B\ND ONLY BY ! FACT ( A COMMON NATURE ?AT GIVES !M A COMMON 9T]E/0 

,LEO RI<TLY AGU$ ?AT SOCIALISM CANNOT USE CAPITALI/ ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLES - =G$ TO BE/ SECURE M9ORITY RULE - IF IT WI%ES TO BE G5U9ELY A =CE ( LIB]ATION & SO 0.<L.>ET ALL ! OLD WORLD'S POLITICS GO ?AT WAY2 SOCIALISM HAS NO?+ TO DO ) IT1 = IT MU/ TAKE ! OPPOSITE PA?1 ?AT ( ! FRE$OM ( ALL 9 EQUALITY40 ,SOCIALISM HAD TO OPPOSE ! /RUCTURES OR PR9CIPLES ( ! SOCIETY IT REBELL$ AGA9/ = O!RWISE :AT W\LD BE ! PO9T ( IT8 ,REAL LIB]ATION CANNOT BE A*IEV+ BY *ANG+ :O ! MA/] IS4 

,L\ISE ,MI*EL 7#a#h#c-#a#i#e7 

,\R NEXT LIB]T>IAN WAS ALSO A ,COMMUN>D & F> BETT] KN[N ?AN ,LEO1 ,L\ISE ,MI*EL4 ,A TEA*] BY TRADE1 %E - LIKE ,LEO - WAS A MEMB] ( ,FRANCE'S FIR/ FEM9I/ GR\P1 ,SOCIETE P\R LA ,REV5DICATION DU ,DROIT DES ,FEMMES1 & BO? W]E >RE/$ 9 ,SEPTEMB] #ahg DUR+ ! ,FRANCO-,PRUSSIAN ,W>4 

,AN ACTIVE P>TICIPANT 9 ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE ( #a#h#g#a1 %E WAS >RE/$ AFT] ITS DEFEAT & S5T5C$ TO EXILE 9 ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA4 ,REFLECT+ ON REC5T EV5TS1 DUR+ ?IS J\RNEY %E BECAME AN AN>*I/ & :5 FRE$ 9 #ahh %E TOOK A LEAD+ ROLE 9 ! ,FR5* MOVEM5T4 ,9 #a#h#h#c1 %E RAIS$ ! ,BLACK ,FLAG DUR+ A 0,BREAD OR ,WORK60 M>* 9 ,P>IS & WAS S5T5C$1 AGA91 TO PRISON4 ,ONCE FRE$1 %E HELP$ =M ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,S*OOL 9 ,LONDON 9 #ahi & HELP$ LAUN* ! NEWSPAP] ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE 9 #a#h#i#f4 

,:ILE REMEMB]$ = H] 9DEFATIGABLE ACTIVISM :I* SAW H] IMPRISON$ MANY TIME1 %E ALSO WROTE NUM]\S BOOKS & >TICLES 9CLUD+ ,DEF5SE DE ,L\ISE ,MI*EL 7#a#h#h#c71 ,MEMOIRES DE ,L\ISE ,MI*EL 7#a#h#h#f71 ,LES ,CRIMES DE L'EPOQUE 7#a#h#h#h71 ,PRIZE DE POSSESSION 7#a#h#i7 & ,LA ,COMMUNE 7#a#h#i#h74 ,SADLY1 V]Y LITTLE ( ?IS IS AVAILABLE 9 ,5GLI%4 

,CONVICT ,NO4 #bahb 

,MI*EL RECEIV$ ?IS NUMB] = BE+ A COMMUN>D4 ,%E WAS ON ! B>RICADES 7O/5SIBLY AS A NURSE BUT A MORE1 LET ME SAY1 ACTIVE ROLE CANNOT BE DISC\NT$74 ,PR\D ( H] ACTIVITY & ! REVOLUTION %E WAS P>T (1 %E WAS DEFIANT AT H] TRIAL AFT] ITS CRU%+3 

0,I BELONG COMPLETELY TO ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ,I DECL>E ?AT ,I ACCEPT COMPLETE RESPONSIBILITY = ALL MY ACTIONS .<444.> ,IF Y\ >E NOT C[>DS1 KILL ME60 

,H] DEM& WAS REFUS$1 & %E WAS S5T 9TO EXILE4 ,%E BECAME AN ,AN>*I/ AFT] ! ,COMMUNE BECAUSE %E CONCLUD$ ?AT 0DI%ONE/ M51 9 P[]1 >E H>MFUL2 HONE/ M51 9 P[]1 >E 9EFFECTIVE4 ,LIB]TY & P[] CANNOT POSSIBLY GO TOGE!R40 ,:ILE 9 ,NEW ,CAL$ONIA1 %E SUPPORT$ ! ,KANAKAS REVOLT ( ! NATIVE PEOPLE 9 #ah< CORRECTLY RECOGNIZ+ ?AT 0!Y1 TOO1 W]E FI<T+ = 9DEP5D5CE1 CONTROL ( !IR [N LIVES & LIB]TY4 ,I SID$ ) !M JU/ AS ,I SID$ ) ! REBELLI\S1 OPPRESS$1 & !N DEFEAT$ PEOPLE ( ,P>IS40 ,?IS POSITION1 ,I %\LD NOTE1 WAS NOT %>$ BY ALL ! EXIL$ ,COMMUN>DS4 

,ONCE RELEAS$ & BACK 9 ,FRANCE1 %E TOOK A LEAD+ ROLE 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & PLAY$ A CRUCIAL P>T 9 MAK+ ! ,BLACK ,FLAG ! AN>*I/ SYMBOL BY RAIS+ IT DUR+ A 0,WORK OR BREAD60 PROTE/ ( ! UNEMPLOY$ 9 ,P>IS DUR+ #a#h#h#c4 ,>RE/$ AFT] SOME ( ! M>*]S PILLAG$ A BAK]S1 %E EXPLA9$ :Y %E HAD RAIS$ IT AT H] TRIAL3 

0,WE TOOK ! BLACK FLAG BECAUSE ! DEMON/RATION WAS TO BE ABOVE ALL PEACEFUL1 BECAUSE ! BLACK FLAG IS ! FLAG ( /RIKES1 ! FLAG ( ?OSE :O >E HUNGRY0 

,%E ALSO US$ ! OPPORTUNITY TO EXPLA9 H] IDEAS1 >GU+ ?AT 0,9DIVIDUAL AU?ORITY IS A CRIME4 ,:AT WE WANT IS AU?ORITY = ALL4 ,M4 ,ADVOCATE ,G5]AL ACCUS$ ME ( WANT+ TO BE A LEAD]3 ,I HAVE TOO MU* PRIDE = ?AT1 = ,I CANNOT DEMEAN MYSELF & TO BE A LEAD] IS TO DEMEAN Y\RSELF40 ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 %E WAS IMPRISON$1 AGA91 & WAS RELEAS$ 9 #ahhf ALONG ) ,KROPOTK9 & O!R AN>*I/S AS P>T ( A G5]AL AMNE/Y4 ,%E RETURN$ TO ACTIVISM & AGA9 RAIS$ ! FLAGS ( REVOLT3 

0,! R$ BANN]1 :I* HAS ALWAYS /OOD = LIB]TY1 FRI<T5S ! EXECUTION]S BECAUSE IT IS SO R$ ) \R BLOOD4 ,! BLACK FLAG1 ) LAY]S ( BLOOD UPON IT FROM ?OSE :O WANT$ TO LIVE BY WORK+ OR DIE BY FI<T+1 FRI<T5S ?OSE :O WANT TO LIVE (F ! WORK ( O!RS4 ,?OSE R$ & BLACK BANN]S WAVE OV] US M\RN+ \R DEAD & WAVE OV] \R HOPES = ! DAWN ?AT IS BREAK+0 

,I %\LD NOTE1 ?\<1 ?AT %E VIEW$ H] RELEASE 9 A LESS ?AN POSITIVE LI<T3 0,I HAVE NEV] BE5 SO 5RAG$1 SO 9DIGNANT1 SO FURI\S4 ,I DID NOT DES]VE ! 9SULT ( A P>DON40 

,! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE 

,LIKE O!R LIB]T>IANS1 %E >GU$ = ,DIRECT ,ACTION AGA9/ ,POLITICAL ,ACTION & WAS LECTUR+ ON 0,G5]AL ,/RIKES & ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION0 = MANY YE>S - 9CLUD+ 9 ,LONDON DUR+ #ahi 7AS REPORT$ 9 A ,NEW ,ZEAL& NEWSPAP] ( ALL PLACES74 ,?AT YE> SAW ,MI*EL PRAISE 0! G5]AL /RIKE1 :OSE PURPOSE WAS TO DE/ROY CAPITALISM & U%] 9 WORLD LIB]TY40 ,I %\LD NOTE ?AT ,MI*EL'S ADVOCAT+ ! G5]AL /RIKE WAS AT LEA/ FIVE YE>S BE=E ,FR5* SYNDICALISM >OSE & *AMPION$ IT AS ! KEY ME?OD TO CREATE A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,H] REJECTION ( ELECTIONE]+ WAS AS FIRM AS H] AW>5ESS ( ! P[] ( DIRECT ACTION3 

0,I'VE NEV] BE5 9VOLV$ 9 POLITICS4 ,! SOCIAL QUE/ION HAS NO?+ TO DO ) ?AT JACKASS P>LIAM5T>Y SPECTACLE4 ,I'M NO 9T]E/$ 9 POLITICIANS4 ,I'M QUITE CONT5T M]ELY TO OBS]VE !IR FE>1 :I* IS ! FIR/ SIGN ( !IR IMP5D+ FALL40 

,?IS APPLI$ TO SOCIALI/ POLITICIANS AS WELL4 ,MI*EL REJECT$ ,M>XISM = NUM]\S REASONS1 NOT LEA/ = ! 9TOL]ANCE %[N AT ! #ahif ,LONDON ,CONGRESS ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL3 

0,:]E ,I NOT AN ,AN>*I/ ( LONG /&+1 ! ,P>LIAM5T>IAN .<,SOCIALI/.> ,CONGRESS 9 ,LONDON W\LD HAVE MADE ME ONE .<444.> ,IT WAS CONCLUSIVELY PROV$ AT ! ,CONGRESS ?AT ! BE/1 ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T1 ! MO/ DEVOT$ ( M5 WILL BE WORSE ?AN ?OSE !Y SEEK TO REPLACE0 

,!SE POSITIONS HAVE NOT1 NE$LESS TO SAY1 /OPP$ ,L59I/S SEEK+ TO CO-OPT H]4 

,9 %ORT1 ,MI*EL WAS 0)\T GOD OR MA/]0 & AN>*ISM IS = ALL4 ,%E >GU$ ?AT 0,I AM AN ,AN>*I/ BECAUSE ,AN>*Y ALONE1 BY MEANS ( LIB]TY & JU/ICE BAS$ ON EQUAL RI<TS1 WILL MAKE HUMANITY HAPPY40 ,?IS APPLI$ 9 ALL >EAS ( LIFE1 PUBLIC & PRIVATE1 WORK & HOME1 = 0.<I.>F P[] R5D]S A MAN EGOTI/ICAL & CRUEL1 S]VITUDE DEGRADES HIM4 ,A SLAVE IS (T5 WORSE ?AN HIS MA/]2 NOBODY KN[S H[ TYRANN\S HE W\LD BE AS A MA/]1 OR BASE AS A SLAVE40 ,%E HELP$ =M ,! ,LEAGUE ( ,WOM5 9 #ahhb =1 AS %E PUT IT1 0.<W.>E WI% TO 9=M WOM5 ( !IR RI<TS & !IR DUTIES2 WE WANT M5 TO VIEW !IR COMPANIONS AS EQUALS1 NOT SLAVES40 ,AS WELL AS BREAK+ ! *A9S - PHYSICAL & M5TAL - =G$ BY PATRI>*Y & FETT]+ ?OSE SUBJECT TO IT1 ,MI*EL RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ?OSE :O B5EFIT FROM IT ALSO NE$ $UCATION 9 FRE$OM3 

0,Y\ >E NOT US$ TO SEE+ A WOM5 :O D>ES TO ?9K2 Y\ WANT1 ACCORD+ TO ,PR\DHON'S EXPRESSION1 TO SEE 9 WOMAN A H\SEWIFE OR A C\RTESAN60 

,H[EV]1 SELF-LIB]ATION IS ESS5TIAL &1 JU/ LIKE ! WORK+ CLASS1 WOM5 NE$$ TO FREE !MSELVES4 ,!Y CANNOT RELY ON M5 = EV5 0:5 ! MO/ ADVANC$ M5 APPLAUD ! IDEA ( EQUALITY BETWE5 ! SEXES .<444.> 9 SPITE ( !MSELVES & SIMPLY ?R\< CU/OM ( OLD PREJUDICES1 M5 WILL ALWAYS APPE> TO AID US BUT WILL BE SATISFI$ ) ?AT APPE>ANCE4 ,SO LET US TAKE \R PLACE )\T BEGG+ = IT40 

,LUCY ,P>SONS 7#a#h#e#c-#a#i#d#b7 

,WE N[ TURN TO ,AM]ICA = \R NEXT LIB]T>IAN1 ,LUCY ,P>SONS4 ,NOT MU* IS KN[N = SURE ( H] ORIG9S4 ,%E WAS PROBABLY BORN A SLAVE1 PROBABLY 9 ,TEXAS ) ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN1 ,AFRICAN ,AM]ICAN & ,MEXICAN ANCE/RY 7%E ALWAYS D5I$ BE+ BLACK1 9CID5TALLY74 ,%E M>RI$ ,ALB]T ,P>SONS - !N A RADICAL REPUBLICAN - & MOV$ TO ,*ICAGO 9 ! #a#h#gS :]E BO? BECAME ACTIVE /ATE-SOCIALI/S BE=E BO? BECAME AN>*I/S 9 ! E>LY #a#h#hS4 

,%E WAS A F\ND+ MEMB] ( ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,PEOPLE'S ,ASSOCIATION 7,I,W,P,A7 9 #ahhc & A F\ND+ MEMB] ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 9 #a#i#e4 ,A WELL-KN[N LABOR AGITATOR1 ,P>SONS WAS DESCRIB$ AS 0MORE DANG]\S ?AN A ?\S& RIOT]S0 BY ! ,*ICAGO ,POLICE 9 ! #a#i#bS4 ,SADLY1 BY ?IS /AGE %E HAD BECOME SYMPA!TIC TO ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA 79 SPITE ( ITS REPRESSION ( BO? AN>*I/S & ! REVOLUTION7 & WORK$ ) ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ?R\<\T ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS 9 ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,LABOR ,DEF5SE 7AL?\< IT MU/ BE /RESS$ !RE IS NO EVID5CE ?AT %E JO9$ ! P>TY74 

,H] BOOKS 9CLUDE ,LIFE ( ,ALB]T ,R4 ,P>SONS3 ) BRIEF HI/ORY ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ,AM]ICA 7#a#h#h#i71 ,! PR9CIPLES ( AN>*ISM3 A LECTURE 7#a#h#iS7 & ,TW5TY-FIF? ANNIV]S>Y1 ELEV5? ( ,NOVEMB]1 MEMORIAL $ITION 7#a#i#a#b74 ,%E WAS 9VOLV$ ) MANY PAP]S & WROTE NUM]\S >TICLES = ,! ,AL>M1 ,FRE$OM3 ,A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/ ,MON?LY & ,! ,LIB]ATOR4 

,:AT ,P>SONS /OOD = REMA9$ REM>KABLY CONSI/5T ?R\<\T H] LONG LIFE AS AN ACTIVI/ & WAS EXPRESS$ BY ! ,I,W,P,A ,MANIFE/O3 

,FIR/3 ,DE/RUCTION ( ! EXI/+ CLASS RULE1 BY ALL MEANS1 I4E41 BY 5]GETIC1 REL5TLESS1 REVOLUTION>Y1 & 9T]NATIONAL ACTION4 

,SECOND3 ,E/ABLI%M5T ( A FREE SOCIETY BAS$ UPON COOP]ATIVE ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION4 

,?IRD3 ,FREE EX*ANGE ( EQUIVAL5T PRODUCTS BY & BETWE5 ! PRODUCTIVE ORGANIZATIONS )\T COMM]CE & PR(IT-MONG]Y4 

,F\R?3 ,ORGANIZATION ( $UCATION ON A SECUL>1 SCI5TIFIC1 & EQUAL BASIS = BO? SEXES4 

,FIF?3 ,EQUAL RI<TS = ALL )\T DI/9CTION TO SEX OR RACE4 

,SIX?3 ,REGULATION ( ALL PUBLIC AFFAIRS BY FREE CONTRACTS BETWE5 ! AUTONOM\S 79DEP5D5T7 COMMUNES & ASSOCIATIONS1 RE/+ ON A F$]ALI/IC BASIS4 

,?IS IS (T5 CALL$ 0! ,*ICAGO ,IDEA0 & WAS DEVELOP$ BY RADICALS 9 ?AT CITY 9 ! E>LY #a#h#hS :O W]E ORIG9ALLY /ATE SOCIALI/S BUT MOV$ TO AN>*ISM1 REJECT+ ! BALLOT BOX 9 FAVOR ( MILITANT - REVOLUTION>Y - TRADE UNIONISM4 ,AS ) LIB]T>IANS 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL & AFT]1 !Y SAW UNIONS AS ! MEANS TO BO? FI<T & REPLACE CAPITALISM4 ,AS ,P>SONS PUT IT3 

0,WE HOLD ?AT ! GRANGES1 TRADE-UNIONS1 ,KNI<TS ( ,LABOR ASSEMBLIES1 ETC41 >E ! EMBRYONIC GR\PS ( ! IDEAL AN>*I/IC SOCIETY0 

,?IS NEW SOCIAL ORGANIZATION WAS NE$$ BECAUSE ( A REJECTION ( ! ,/ATE = 0.<A.>LL POLITICAL GOV]NM5T MU/ NECESS>ILY BECOME DESPOTIC1 BECAUSE1 ALL GOV]NM5T T5DS TO BECOME C5TRALIZ$ 9 ! H&S ( ! FEW1 :O BRE$ CORRUPTION AMONG !MSELVES1 & 9 A V]Y %ORT TIME DISCONNECT !MSELVES FROM ! BODY ( ! PEOPLE40 

,SOME MAY BE AW>E ?AT ! ,I,W,P,A HAD A REPUTATION = VIOL5T RHETORIC4 ,YES1 ?IS IS TRUE BUT SU* A CLAIM USUALLY IGNORES ! VIOL5T RHETORIC ( B\RGEOISIE & VIOL5T ACTIONS ( !IR ,/ATE4 ,LET ME JU/ NOTE ?AT ! NUMB] ( /RIK]S KILL$ BY PUBLIC & PRIVATE POLICE DUR+ ?IS P]IOD F> \T NUMB]S ?AT KILL$ BY ! AN>*I/S - :I* WAS Z]O1 9CID5TALLY - :ILE F\R AN>*I/S W]E HANG$ AFT] AN UNFAIR TRIAL BECAUSE ( !IR UNION ACTIVITIES4 

,= SOME REASON A FEW1 ,L59I/S 9 ! MA91 SEEM KE5 TO D5Y ?AT ! ,I,W,P,A W]E AN>*I/S4 ,RA!R !Y W]E1 IT IS CLAIM$1 SYNDICALI/S & EV5 ,M>XI/S4 ,AS ! CLAIM ?AT ! ,*ICAGO AN>*I/S W]E NOT AN>*I/S IS ONE Y\ MAY COME ACROSS1 IT IS WOR?:ILE DEBUNK+ IT H]E4 

,! FIR/ CLAIM MADE WAS ?AT ,P>SONS & H] COMRADES W]E NOT ,AN>*I/S BUT ,SYNDICALI/S4 ,?IS WAS ASS]T$ BY ,C>OLYN ,A%BAU< 9 H] BIOGRAPHY ,LUCY ,P>SONS3 ,AM]ICAN ,REVOLUTION>Y :I* /AT$ ?AT !Y W]E 0SYNDICALI/S0 AS !Y HAD 0GIV5 UP POLITICAL WORK = WORK 9 ! UNIONS :I* .<444.> W\LD PROVIDE ! SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( ! FUTURE40 ,%E ALSO NOT$ ?AT 0,P>SONS DISCUSS$ ! G5]AL /RIKE40 ,A%BAU< SEEM$ UNAW>E ?AT !SE W]E ,BAKUN9'S & ,KROPOTK9'S POSITIONS - BUT WE %\LD NOT BE ?AT SURPRIS$ = %E PROCLAIM$ ! LATT] AS ! 0G5TLE AN>*I/ !ORETICIAN ( NONVIOL5CE06 ,SADLY1 NOT KN[+ AB\T AN>*ISM DID NOT H9D] COMM5T+ UPON ITS ADVOCATES4 

,MORE REC5TLY1 ,JAMES ,GRE5 9 ,DEA? 9 ! ,HAYM>KET SUGGE/$ ?AT !Y W]E1 9 FACT1 ,M>XI/S4 ,HE >GU$ ?AT ! ,*ICAGO RADICALS HAD 0TURN$ AWAY FROM ELECTORAL COMPETITION & ADOPT$ ,K>L ,M>X'S /RATEGY ( ORGANIZ+ WORK]S .<444.> BUILD+ CLASS-CONSCI\S TRADE UNIONS AS A BASIS = FUTURE POLITICAL ACTION40 ,IF SO1 !N ,BAKUN9 WAS A ,M>XI/ :ILE ,M>X WAS NOT6 

,!N !RE IS ! NOTION ?AT 0! SO-CALL$ ',*ICAGO IDEA'0 WAS A 0SYN!SIS BETWE5 AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM10 TO USE ! WORDS ( ,/AU<TON ,LYND & ,&REJ ,GRUBACIC FROM !IR BOOK ,WOBBLIES & ,ZAPATI/AS4 ,/RANGELY1 ,M>XI/S AT ! TIME MADE NO SU* CLAIM - QUITE ! REV]SE 9 FACT AS !IR PRESS AT ! TIME BEMOAN$ ATTEMPTS TO L9K AN>*ISM ) 0SOCIALISM40 ,WE ALSO F9D ,ELEANOR ,M>X & ,$W>D ,AVEL+ 9 AN #ahhg >TICLE 5TITL$ 0,! ,*ICAGO ,AN>*I/S0 /RESS+ ?AT 0WE >E NOT ,AN>*I/S1 BUT >E OPPOS$ TO ,AN>*ISM0 AS WELL AS 0\R POSITION ( ANTAGONISM TO .<ITS.> TEA*+S40 ,5GELS MADE NO PUBLIC DEF5SE ( ! ,I,W,P,A BUT 9 PRIVATE LETT]S WRITT5 9 #ahhf HE NOT$ 0! AN>*I/ FOLLIES ( ,*ICAGO0 & LAM5T$ ?AT 0!RE'S ALL SORTS ( TOMFOOL]Y GO+ ON -- H]E ! AN>*I/S .<444.>40 

,SORRY = ! SLI<T DIGRESSION1 BUT !SE CLAIMS - :5 NOT DONE 9 BAD FAI?- REFLECT A G5]AL IGNORANCE ( :AT AN>*ISM ACTUALLY MEANS & SO HAS TO BE COV]$4 ,ULTIMATELY1 IF >GU+ = CLASS /RUGGLE & UNION ORGANIZ+ IS ,M>XI/ !N ,BAKUN9 WAS A ,M>XI/444 

,:ILE ! ,I,W,P,A DID NOT SURVIVE ! ,/ATE REPRESSION AFT] ! ,HAYM>KET EV5TS :I* CUMULAT$ ) ! JUDICIAL MURD] ( F\R ,I,W,P,A ACTIVI/S 79CLUDE ,LUCY'S HUSB& ,ALB]T71 %E REMA9$ ACTIVE & CONT9U$ TO /RESS ?AT POLITICAL ACTION 7ELECTIONE]+7 WAS NOT REVOLUTION>Y = ! 0TRU/S WILL NOT ALL[ Y\ TO VOTE !M \T ( P[] BECAUSE !Y >E ! P[]0 & SO WORK+ PEOPLE MU/ 0.<N.>EV] BE DECEIV$ ?AT ! RI* WILL ALL[ Y\ TO VOTE AWAY !IR WEAL?40 ,AS SU*1 POLITICAL P[] WAS LIMIT$ BY ! ECONOMIC P[] EX]CIS$ BY BIG BUS9ESS & SO ECONOMIC TRANS=MATION WAS ! KEY4 0,WE MEAN ! L& %ALL BELONG TO ! L&LESS1 ! TOOLS TO ! TOIL]1 & ! PRODUCTS TO ! PRODUC]S10 >GU$ ,P>SONS1 & ! 0ME?OD ( TAK+ POSSESSION ( ?IS ,E>? IS ?AT ( ! G5]AL /RIKE .<444.> ! /RIKE ( ! FUTURE IS NOT TO /RIKE & GO \T & />VE1 BUT TO /RIKE & REMA9 9 & TAKE POSSESSION ( ! NECESS>Y PROP]TY ( PRODUCTION40 ,?IS EXPROPRIATION WAS ! ONLY MEANS BY :I* FRE$OM = ALL W\LD BE GA9$3 

0AN>*ISM .<444.> IT HAS BUT ONE 9FALLIBLE1 UN*ANGEABLE MOTTO1 ',FRE$OM4' ,FRE$OM TO DISCOV] ANY TRU?1 FRE$OM TO DEVELOP1 TO LIVE NATURALLY & FULLY40 

,P>SONS WAS WELL AW>E ?AT EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION W]E NOT DUE JU/ TO POLITICAL & ECONOMIC P[] AS WOM5 W]E SUBJECT TO PATRI>*Y AS WELL & >GU$ ?AT 0.<W.>E >E ! SLAVES ( ! SLAVES4 ,WE >E EXPLOIT$ MORE RU?LESSLY ?AN M540 ,FRE$OM WAS FRE$OM = ALL1 EV]Y:]E3 

0,LET US TRU/ ?AT .<WIVES :O 'SUBMIT Y\RSELVES UNTO Y\R HUSB& & HIS DESIRES AT ALL TIMES'.> WILL SOON BECOME EXT9CT2 !N WE %ALL HAVE FEW] *ILDR51 BETT]-BR$ *ILDR51 & FEW] SLAVES = \R FACTORY LORDS40 

,AS %E PUT IT 9 #a#i#c3 0,I AM AN AN>*I/3 ,I HAVE NO APOLOGY TO MAKE TO A S+LE MAN1 WOMAN OR *ILD1 BECAUSE ,I AM AN AN>*I/1 BECAUSE AN>*ISM C>RIES ! V]Y G]M ( LIB]TY 9 ITS WOMB40 

,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE 7#a#h#f#f-#a#i#a#b7 

,\R NEXT LIB]T>IAN1 ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE1 WAS ALSO ,AM]ICA1 BE+ BORN & RAIS$ 9 SMALL T[NS ACROSS ,MI*IGAN4 ,AFT] A SECOND>Y S*OOL+ AT A ,CA?OLIC CONV5T1 %E BEGAN H] ACTIVI/ C>E] 9 ! FREE?\<T MOVEM5T BE=E TURN+ TO AN>*ISM AS A RESULT ( ! ,HAYM>KET EV5TS4 ,9ITIALLY AN 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/1 DE ,CLEYRE LAT] TURN$ TO 7SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y7 MUTUALISM BE=E BE+ AN ADVOCATE ( 0AN>*ISM )\T ADJECTIVES40 

,%E WAS A PROLIFIC WRIT] & PUBLIC SPEAK] :O LE>N$ TO SPEAK & WRITE 9 ,YIDDI%4 ,AS BEFITT+ H[ DE ,CLEYRE JO9$ ! MOVEM5T1 %E MADE REGUL> ,MAY ,DAY SPEE*ES AS WELL AS CONDUCT+ SPEAK+ T\RS4 ,%E ALSO F\ND TIME TO TRANSLATE ,JEAN ,GRAVE'S ,LA SOCIETE M\RANTE ET L'AN>*IE 7#a#h#i#i7 & WRITE NUM]\S PAMPHLETS & >TICLES = PAP]S LIKE ,! ,TRU? ,SEEK]1 ,LIB]TY & ,LUCIF] ! ,LI<T-BE>] 9 H] 9DIVIDUALI/ DAYS & = ,FREE ,SOCIETY1 ,FRE$OM & ,MO!R ,E>? :5 %E MOV$ TO SOCIAL AN>*ISM4 ,V>I\S COLLECTIONS EXI/ ( 7SOME ( !SE7 WRIT+S & SPEE*ES1 9CLUD+ ,SELECT$ ,WRIT+S 7#a#i#a#d71 ,! ,FIR/ ,MAYDAY3 ,! ,HAYM>KET ,SPEE*ES #a#h#i#e-#a#i#a 7#a#i#h7 & ,! ,VOLTAIR9E DE ,CLEYRE ,READ] 7#b#d7 

,AS NOT$1 ORIG9ALLY %E WAS ATTRACT$ TO ! 9DIVIDUALI/ W+ ( ! ,AM]ICAN MOVEM5T & SP5T A GREAT DEAL ( TIME FI<T+ SEX-SLAV]Y1 >GU+ ?AT 0.<E.>QUALITY0 = A WOMAN MEANT 0! FRE$OM TO CONTROL H] [N P]SON0 & SO3 

0,LET ,WOMAN ASK H]SELF1 ',:Y AM ,I ! SLAVE ( ,MAN8 ,:Y IS MY BRA9 SAID NOT TO BE ! EQUAL ( HIS BRA98 ,:Y IS MY WORK NOT PAID EQUALLY ) HIS8 ,:Y MU/ MY BODY BE CONTROLL$ BY MY HUSB&8 ,:Y MAY HE TAKE MY LABOR 9 ! H\SEHOLD1 GIV+ ME 9 EX*ANGE :AT HE DEEMS FIT8 ,:Y MAY HE TAKE MY *ILDR5 FROM ME8 ,WILL !M AWAY :ILE YET UNBORN8'0 

,SO 0IF SOCIAL PROGRESS CONSI/S 9 A CON/ANT T5D5CY T[>DS ! EQUALIZATION ( ! LIB]TIES .<444.> !N ! DEM&S ( PROGRESS >E NOT SATISFI$ SO LONG AS HALF SOCIETY1 ,WOM51 IS 9 SUBJECTION .<444.> ,WOMAN .<444.> IS BEG9N+ TO FEEL H] S]VITUDE40 ,?IS MEANT ?AT 0.<Y.>\ CAN HAVE NO FREE1 OR JU/1 OR EQUAL SOCIETY1 NOR ANY?+ APPROA*+ IT1 SO LONG AS WOMANHOOD IS B\<T1 SOLD1 H\S$1 CLO!D1 F$1 & PROTECT$1 AS A *ATTEL40 ,H[EV]1 FRE$OM C\LD NEV] BE GRANT$ - IT HAD TO BE WON BY A PROCESS ( SELF-LIB]ATION = 0AS A CLASS ,I HAVE NO?+ TO HOPE FROM M5 .<444.> ,NO TYRANT EV] R5\NC$ HIS TYRANNY UNTIL HE HAD TO4 ,IF HI/ORY EV] TEA*ES US ANY?+ IT TEA*ES ?IS4 ,!RE=E MY HOPE LIES 9 CREAT+ REBELLION 9 ! BREA/S ( WOM540 

,YET %E SOON RECOGNIZ$ ?AT TO BE CONSI/5T %E ALSO HAD TO />T FI<T+ WAGE-SLAV]Y = PICK+ MA/]S IS NOT FRE$OM :E!R AT HOME OR AT WORK3 

0,BREAK UP ! HOME8 ,YES1 EV]Y HOME ?AT RE/S 9 SLAV]Y6 ,EV]Y M>RIAGE ?AT REPRES5TS ! SALE & TRANSF] ( ! 9DIVIDUALITY ( ONE ( ITS P>TIES TO ! O!R6 ,EV]Y 9/ITUTION1 SOCIAL OR CIVIL1 ?AT /&S BETWE5 MAN & HIS RI<T2 EV]Y TIE ?AT R5D]S ONE A MA/]1 ANO!R A S]F40 

,UND] CAPITALISM 0WORK+-PEOPLE0 W5T 0FROM FACTORY TO FACTORY1 BEGG+ = ! OPPORTUNITY TO BE A SLAVE1 RECEIV+ ! 9SULTS ( BOSSES .<444.> 9 !SE FACTORIES !Y BUILT1 :OSE MA*9ES !Y WR\<T40 ,?US PROP]TY WAS !FT & DESPOTISM1 AS ,PR\DHON HAD /RESS$ DECADES BE=E1 = 0A 'FREE C\NTRY' 9 :I* ALL ! PRODUCTIVE T5URES W]E ALREADY APPROPRIAT$ WAS NOT FREE AT ALL .<444.> TO BE FREE ONE MU/ HAVE LIB]TY ( ACCESS TO ! S\RCES & MEANS ( PRODUCTION0 ,?IS WAS 0! NATURAL H]ITAGE ( ALL40 ,?OSE SUBJECT TO OPPRESSION HAD TO ORGANIZE TO CREATE A C\NT]-P[] TO HI]>*Y TO CREATE & DEF5D FRE$OM3 

0,NE>LY ALL LAWS :I* W]E ORIG9ALLY FRAM$ ) ! 9T5TION ( B5EFIT+ WORK]S1 HAVE EI!R TURN$ 9TO WEAPONS 9 !IR 5EMIES' H&S1 OR BECOME DEAD LETT]S UNLESS ! WORK]S ?R\< !IR ORGANIZATIONS HAVE DIRECTLY 5=C$ !IR OBS]VANCE4 ,SO ?AT 9 ! 5D1 IT IS DIRECT ACTION ?AT HAS TO BE RELI$ ON ANYWAY40 

,YET IMPORTANT AS ?IS WAS TO DEF5D & EXT5D FRE$OM TODAY1 ?IS WAS NOT CONSID]$ AN 5D 9 ITSELF & RESI/ANCE HAD TO TURN 9TO REVOLUTION4 ,?IS MEANT GO+ FROM ,DIRECT ,ACTION TO ,EXPROPRIATION - TO OCCUPY EV]Y:]E & EV]Y?+3 

0,DO ! WORK]S P]CEIVE1 ?AT IT MU/ BE ! /RIKE :I* WILL /AY 9 ! FACTORY1 NOT GO \T8 :I* WILL GU>D ! MA*9ES & ALL[ NO SCAB TO T\* !M8 ,:I* WILL ORGANIZE1 NOT TO 9FLICT DEPRIVATION ON ITSELF1 BUT ON ! 5EMY8 :I* WILL TAKE OV] 9DU/RY & OP]ATE IT = ! WORK]S1 NOT = FRAN*ISE HOLD]S1 /OCKHOLD]S1 & (FICEHOLD]S0 

,LIKE O!R AN>*I/S1 DE ,CLEYRE SAW ?AT WE HAD TO MOVE FROM UNIONS TO ASSOCIATIONS1 TO GO FROM RESI/+ ! EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION ( WAGE-LABOR TO 5D+ IT BY SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,?US AN 09T]NATIONAL F$]ATION ( LABOR .<444.> %ALL TAKE POSSESSION ( L&1 M9ES1 FACTORIES1 ALL ! 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION0 & WORK]S WILL 0CONDUCT !IR [N 9DU/RY )\T REGULATIVE 9T]F]5CE FROM LAW-MAK]S OR EMPLOY]S40 ,9 O!R WORDS1 0! TRADE UNION IS ! NUCLEUS ( ! FREE COOP]ATIVE GR\P1 :I* WILL OBVIATE ! NECESSITY ( AN EMPLOY]40 

,%E ALSO SAW ! LIMITATIONS ( :AT CAN BE T]M$ ,AN>*ISM ) ,ADJECTIVES1 >GU+ ?AT 0.<L.>IB]TY & EXP]IM5T ALONE CAN DET]M9E ! BE/ =MS ( SOCIETY40 ,H[EV]1 ?IS DID NOT MEAN %E DID NOT HAVE H] [N PREF]5CES & PR$ICTIONS ( :AT A FREE SOCIETY %\LD BE LIKE - EV5 IF !SE *ANG$ OV] ! C\RSE ( H] LIFE4 ,H] REASONS = MOV+ FROM 9DIVIDUALISM >E NOTEWOR?Y & HELP CL>IFY ! MEAN+ ( AN>*ISM4 

,9ITIALLY1 DE ,CLEYRE WAS AN ,9DIVIDUALI/ ,AN>*I/ & DID NOT SEE ! NE$ TO 5D OPPRESSION ALONG ) EXPLOITATION4 ,%E SOON RECOGNIZ$ ?AT :ILE 0BOSSES W\LD BE HUNT+ M5 RA!R ?AN M5 BOSSES0 UND] 9DIVIDUALI/-AN>*ISM & SO 0WAGES W\LD RISE TO ! FULL MEASURE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL PRODUCTION10 SU* A REGIME1 0RE/+ UPON PROP]TY1 9VOLVE .<444.> ! PRIVATE POLICEMAN .<:I* IS.> NOT AT ALL COMPATIBLE ) MY NOTIONS ( FRE$OM40 ,%E ALSO LAM5T$ ! (T5 OBSCURE LANGUAGE UTILIZ$ 9 9DIVIDUALI/ CIRCLES3 0,CAN'T Y\ SIMPLIFY IT AS TO LANGUAGE8 .<444.> ,I AM FREQU5TLY CALL$ UPON TO TRANSLATE IT40 

,!SE ISSUES SAW H] MOVE TO A 7REVOLUTION>Y7 MUTUALI/ POSITION BE=E WORK+ ON ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN'S ,MO!R ,E>?4 ,9 #aig %E /AT$ ?AT 0,I AM NOT N[ & NEV] HAVE BE5 AT ANY TIME A ,COMMUNI/0 YET ! FOLL[+ YE> SAW H] >GUE ?AT 0! BE/ ?+ ORD9>Y WORK+M5 OR WOM5 C\LD DO WAS TO ORGANIZE !IR 9DU/RY SO AS TO GET RID ( MONEY ALTOGE!R40 ,!N1 JU/ BE=E H] DEA? 9 #aiab %E P5N$ AN >TICLE ON ! ,P>IS ,COMMUNE3 

0,9 %ORT1 ?\< !RE W]E O!R REASONS :Y ! ,COMMUNE FELL1 ! *IEF ONE WAS ?AT 9 ! H\R ( NECESSITY1 ! ,COMMUN>DS W]E NOT ,COMMUNI/S4 ,!Y ATTEMPT$ TO BREAK POLITICAL *A9S )\T BREAK+ ECONOMIC ONES2 & IT CANNOT BE DONE40 

,CLE>LY1 DE ,CLEYRE HAD EV5TUALLY EMBRAC$ ! 7LIB]T>IAN7 COMMUNISM :I* MO/ AN>*I/S SUBSCRIBE TO !N & N[4 ,LIKE ,DEJACQUE1 %E AL?\< 9 REV]SE1 %E CAME TO SEE ! 9CONSI/5CY & ILLOGICALITY 9 D5\NC+ HI]>*Y 9 ONE REALM 7! HOME1 ! ,/ATE7 :ILE DEF5D+ IT ELSE:]E 7! WORKPLACE74 

,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 7#a#h#f#i-#a#i#d7 

,WE N[ REA* PROBABLY ! MO/ FAM\S ( ! LIB]T>IANS ,I AM DISCUSS+ TONI<T1 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN4 ,BORN 9 ,LI?UANIA 9 A RELIGI\S ,JEWI% FAMILY1 H] FAMILY IMMIGRAT$ TO ,UNIT$ ,/ATES & !RE %E WORK$ AS SEAM/RESS4 ,LIKE DE ,CLEYRE1 %E BECAME AN AN>*I/ DUE TO ! ,HAYM>KET EV5TS4 

,I CANNOT ATTEMPT TO EV5 SUMM>IZE H] EV5TFUL LIFE BEYOND NOT+ ?AT %E WAS >RE/$ NUM]\S TIMES 9 ,AM]ICA1 ! F9AL TIME = ANTI-W> WORK 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,%E WAS S5T5C$ TO BE DEPORT$ 9 #aiah & WAS S5T TO ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA 9 ,DECEMB] #aiai BE=E LEAV+ ,RUSSIA 9 ,DECEMB] #aiba AFT] TWO YE>S ( 0DISILLUSIONM5T40 

,GOLDMAN'S WRIT+S 9CLUDE ! BOOKS ,AN>*ISM & ,O!R ,ESSAYS 7#a#i#a71 ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA 7#a#i#b#c1 #a#i#b#d1 #a#i#b#e7 & H] FAM\S AUTOBIOGRAPHY ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE 7#a#i#c#a7 AS WELL AS NUM]\S PAMPHLETS 9CLUD+ ,SYNDICALISM3 ,! ,MOD]N ,M5ACE TO ,CAPITALISM 7#a#i#a#c71 ,DEPORTATION3 ,ITS ,MEAN+ & ,M5ACE 7#a#i#a#i71 ,TROTSKY ,PROTE/S ,TOO ,MU* 7#a#i#c#h7 & ,! ,PLACE = ! ,9DIVIDUAL 9 ,SOCIETY 7#a#i#d74 ,%E PROVID$ >TICLES = MANY J\RNALS1 9CLUD+ ,MO!R ,E>?1 ,FRE$OM & ,VANGU>D4 

0,IF ,I CAN'T P>APHRASE4440 

,AS ,I AM SURE Y\ >E AW>E1 ,GOLDMAN IS FAM\S = PROCLAIM+ ?AT 0,IF ,I CAN'T DANCE1 !N IT'S NOT MY REVOLUTION0 - EXCEPT1 %E DIDN'T4 

,AT BE/1 IT'S A P>APHRASE CREAT$ = A ,T-%IRT SOLD DUR+ ANTI-W> PROTE/S 9 ! LATE #a#i#fS 9 ,AM]ICA BUT IT IS REFLECTIVE ( H] IDEAS & LIFE4 ,9DE$1 %E RECALL$ 9 H] AUTOBIOGRAPHY AN 9CID5T AT AN ,AN>*I/ DANCE JU/ AFT] %E JO9$ ! MOVEM5T :]E %E HAD BE5 REPRIM&$ = 5JOY+ H]SELF TOO MU* BY A PURITAN COMRADE1 PROVOK+ ?IS RESPONSE3 

0,I TOLD HIM TO M9D HIS [N BUS9ESS1 ,I WAS TIR$ ( HAV+ ! ,CAUSE CON/ANTLY ?R[N 9 MY FACE4 ,I DID NOT BELIEVE ?AT A ,CAUSE :I* /OOD = A BEAUTIFUL IDEAL1 = AN>*ISM1 = RELEASE & FRE$OM FROM CONV5TIONS & PREJUDICE1 %\LD DEM& D5IAL ( LIFE & JOY4 ,I 9SI/$ ?AT \R ,CAUSE C\LD NOT EXPECT ME TO BEHAVE AS A NUN & ?AT ! MOVEM5T %\LD NOT BE TURN$ 9TO A CLOI/]4 ,IF IT MEANT ?AT1 ,I DID NOT WANT IT4 ,I WANT FRE$OM1 ! RI<T TO SELF-EXPRESSION1 EV]YBODY'S RI<T TO BEAUTIFUL1 RADIANT ?+S40 

,ADMITT$LY1 IT W\LD NE$ A V]Y BIG ,T-%IRT = ?AT TO FIT - OR A V]Y SMALL FONT6 - BUT ! P>APHRASE SUMM>IZES ! S5TIM5T EXTREMELY WELL4 ,& %E IS RI<T1 AN>*ISM IS AB\T 9DIVIDUALS AS MU* AS SOCIETY1 O!RWISE :AT IS ! PO9T ( ANY =M ( SOCIALISM IF IT IS NOT BAS$ ON 5RI*+ ! 9DIVIDUAL & !IR SURR\ND+S8 ,AS ,GOLDMAN PUT IT3 

0,REAL WEAL? CONSI/S 9 ?+S ( UTILITY & BEAUTY1 9 ?+S ?AT HELP TO CREATE /RONG1 BEAUTIFUL BODIES & SURR\ND+S 9SPIR+ TO LIVE 9 .<444.> ! FREE/ POSSIBLE EXPRESSION ( ALL ! LAT5T P[]S ( ! 9DIVIDUAL40 

,?IS MEANS BREAK+ BO? PHYSICAL & M5TAL *A9S1 FI<T+ \R RUL]S & BOSSES AS WELL AS 0.<T.>HESE 9T]NAL TYRANTS0 :I* LIV+ UND] HI]>*IES CREATE 9 ALL ( US4 

,GOLDMAN REIT]AT$ TIME & TIME ?AT LIB]T>IANS W]E NOT JU/ OPPOS$ TO ! ,/ATE1 ?AT ,AN>*ISM /&S = 0! LIB]ATION ( ! HUMAN M9D FROM ! DOM9ION ( RELIGION2 ! LIB]ATION ( ! HUMAN BODY FROM ! DOM9ION ( PROP]TY2 LIB]ATION FROM ! %ACKLES & RE/RA9T ( GOV]NM5T40 ,%E WAS WELL AW>E ?AT WE CANNOT HAVE SEXUAL EQUALITY )\T SOCIAL EQUALITY4 ,SO ! 0PRIVATE DOM9ION OV] ?+S .<444MEANS .> ?AT MAN MU/ SELL HIS LABOR .<444.> HIS 9CL9ATION & JUDGM5T >E SUBORD9AT$ TO ! WILL ( A MA/]0 &1 GIV5 ?IS1 0H[ MU* 9DEP5D5CE IS GA9$ IF ! N>R[NESS & LACK ( FRE$OM ( ! HOME IS EX*ANG$ = ! N>R[NESS & LACK ( FRE$OM ( ! FACTORY1 SWEAT-%OP1 DEP>TM5T /ORE1 OR (FICE80 ,FEM9ISM HAD TO SOCIALI/ JU/ AS SOCIALISM HAD TO BE FEM9I/4 ,%E ALSO RI<TLY /RESS$ ! IMPORTANCE ( MILITANT M9ORITIES 9 SOCIAL *ANGE & H[ !IR ACTION CAN GET MAJORITIES TO *ANGE !IR IDEAS & TAKE ACTION !MSELVES4 ,!IR IMPORTANCE WAS CLE>3 

0TRUE EMANCIPATION .<444.> BEG9S 9 WOMAN'S S\L4 ,HI/ORY TELLS US ?AT EV]Y OPPRESS$ CLASS GA9$ TRUE LIB]ATION FROM ITS MA/]S ?R\< ITS [N EF=TS .<444.> H] FRE$OM WILL REA* AS F> AS H] P[] TO A*IEVE H] FRE$OM REA*ES .<444.> BEG9 ) H] 9N] REG5]ATION1 TO CUT LOOSE FROM ! WEI<T ( PREJUDICES1 TRADITIONS1 & CU/OMS40 

,FRE$OM1 9 %ORT1 C\LD NOT BE GRANT$3 IT HAD TO BE TAK5 BY ! OPPRESS$ !MSELVES 9 ! FACE ( RESI/ANCE BY ! OPPRESSORS4 

0,! ,MOD]N ,M5ACE TO ,CAPITALISM0 

,AS FRE$OM HAD TO BE CONQU]$ IT MEANT ?AT 0! LOGICAL1 CONSI/5T ME?OD ( ,AN>*ISM0 WAS DIRECT ACTION3 0,DIRECT ACTION AGA9/ ! AU?ORITY 9 ! %OP1 DIRECT ACTION AGA9/ ! AU?ORITY ( ! LAW1 DIRECT ACTION AGA9/ ! 9VASIVE1 M$DLESOME AU?ORITY ( \R MORAL CODE40 ,?IS WAS H[ WE *ANGE \RSELVES & ! WORLD4 

,SOME1 P>TICUL>LY ,L59I/S 7:O SEEM TO HATE H] ) A PASSION7 TRY TO PRES5T H] AS SOME K9D ( 9DIVIDUALI/ OR LIFE/YLI/1 SEEK+ P]SONAL LIB]ATION )9 CAPITALISM RA!R ?AN SEE+ ! NE$ = CLASS /RUGGLE & A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,?IS IS NONS5SE AS CAN BE SE5 FROM ! FACT ,GOLDMAN LECTUR$ ON & WROTE EXT5SIVELY ON ,SYNDICALISM3 ! ,MOD]N ,M5ACE TO ,CAPITALISM1 NOT+ APPROV+LY ?AT 0,M>X & ,5GELS .<W]E.> AIM+ AT POLITICAL CONQUE/0 :ILE 0,BAKUN9 & ! ,LAT9 WORK]S .<W]E.> =G+ AHEAD ALONG 9DU/RIAL & ,SYNDICALI/ L9ES .<444.> ,SYNDICALISM IS1 9 ESS5CE1 ! ECONOMIC EXPRESSION ( ,AN>*ISM40 ,9DE$1 ,MO!R ,E>? REGUL>LY L9K$ ITS IDEAS TO 0! ,*ICAGO ,IDEA0 ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,PEOPLE'S ,ASSOCIATION &1 = EXAMPLE1 9 #aig >GU$ ?AT 0LABOR UNIONS .<444.> CAN HAVE BUT ONE WOR?Y OBJECT - TO A*IEVE !IR FULL ECONOMIC /ATURE BY COMPLETE EMANCIPATION FROM WAGE SLAV]Y .<444.> ,!Y BE> ! G]MS ( A POT5TIAL SOCIAL REVOLUTION .<444.> !Y >E ! FACTORS ?AT WILL FA%ION ! SY/EM ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION 9 ! COM+ FREE SOCIETY40 ,SYNDICALISM1 AS %E PUT IT 9 0,REFLECTIONS ON ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE0 9 #aibf 9 ,FRE$OM1 0PREP>ES ! MASSES = FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL *ANGES ON A F$]ATIVE LIB]T>IAN BASIS1 AWAY FROM ! ,/ATE .<444.> ITS MO/ EFFECTIVE WEAPON 9 ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE - ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE40 

,RA!R ?AN BE+ ! LIFE/YLI/ ( ,M>XI/ MY?1 %E WAS A COMMITT$ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION>Y :O RI<TLY >GU$ ?AT WE NE$$ TO APPLY \R IDEAS TODAY 9 ALL ASPECTS ( LIFE - :E!R 9 \R P]SONAL RELATION%IPS OR 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

0,!RE ,IS ,NO ,COMMUNISM ,9 ,RUSSIA0 

,LIKE ALL AN>*I/S1 ,GOLDMAN WELCOM$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTIONS ( #aiag &1 ?ANKS TO ! ,AM]ICAN ,/ATE DEPORT+ H]1 %E SP5T TWO YE>S 9 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA4 ,H] 9ITIAL 5?USIASM SOON DISAPPE>$ AS %E SAW ! FAILURE ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME AFT] 0! ,COMMUNI/S BEGAN !IR PROCESS ( ELIM9ATION .<444.> ( ALL 9DEP5D5T ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!Y W]E EI!R SUBORD9AT$ TO ! NE$S ( ! NEW ,/ATE OR DE/ROY$ ALTOGE!R .<4444.> ! ,SOVIETS1 ! TRADE UNIONS & ! COOP]ATIVES -- ?REE GREAT FACTORS = ! REALIZATION ( ! HOPES ( ! ,REVOLUTION40 ,%E *RONICL$ ! NEW BUREAUCRATIC REGIME & H[ IT RESULT$ 9 BO? 9]TIA AS PEOPLE 0DID NO?+ ELSE BUT /& 9 L9E1 WAIT+ = ! BUREAUCRATS1 BIG & LITTLE1 TO ADMIT !M TO !IR SANCTUMS0 & ! CREATION ( A NEW RUL+ CLASS >\ND ! P>TY HI]>*Y & ! ,/ATE (FICIALDOM4 

,H] OPPOSITION TO ! REGIME MU/ BE UND]/OOD4 ,SOME LIKE TO SUGGE/ ?AT IT WAS DRIV5 BY IDEALISM & ! NEW SY/EM NOT BE+ P]FECT4 ,F> FROM IT4 ,AS %E LAT] NOT$1 0!SE CRITICISMS W\LD BE JU/IFI$ HAD ,I COME TO ,RUSSIA EXPECT+ TO F9D ,AN>*ISM REALIZ$ .<444.> ,I DO NOT !RE=E EXPECT ,AN>*ISM TO FOLL[ 9 ! IMM$IATE FOOT/EPS ( C5TURIES ( DESPOTISM & SUBMISSION .<444.> HOPE TO F9D .<444.> ! BEG9N+S ( ! SOCIAL *ANGES = :I* ! ,REVOLUTION HAD BE5 F\<T40 ,9 FACT H] OPPOSITION WAS BAS$ ON A CLE> CLASS ANALYSIS1 AS %[N BY H] COMM5TS AGA9/ ?OSE ON ! LEFT :O >GU$ ?AT ,RUSSIA WAS ON /RIKE & SO REVOLUTION>IES CANNOT SIDE ) ! MA/] CLASS BY CRITICIZ+ IT3 

0,IT IS NOT TRUE ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE >E ON /RIKE .<!Y444.> HAVE BE5 LOCK$ \T & ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE -- EV5 AS ! B\RGEOIS 9DU/RIAL MA/] -- USES ! SWORD & ! GUN TO KEEP ! PEOPLE \T4 .<444.> BECAUSE ,I AM A REVOLUTIONI/ ,I REFUSE TO SIDE ) ! MA/] CLASS1 :I* 9 ,RUSSIA IS CALL$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY40 

,YET IT MU/ BE /RESS$ ?AT ,GOLDMAN WAS 0,DISILLUSION$0 ) ,BOL%EVISM1 NOT REVOLUTION 7! TITLE ( H] EYE-WITNESS ACC\NT ( ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA WAS *ANG$ )\T H] KN[L$GE BY ! PUBLI%]74 ,%E SP5T ! #a#i#bS & #a#i#cS SEEK+ TO CONV9CE ! LEFT ?AT 0,SOVIET ,RUSSIA .<444.> IS AN ABSOLUTE DESPOTISM POLITICALLY & ! CRASSE/ =M ( /ATE CAPITALISM ECONOMICALLY0 & TO LE>N ! LESSONS ( ?AT FAILURE3 

0,ONLY FREE 9ITIATIVE & POPUL> P>TICIPATION 9 ! AFFAIRS ( ! REVOLUTION CAN PREV5T ! T]RIBLE BLUND]S COMMITT$ 9 ,RUSSIA .<444.> LIB]T>IAN1 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS & ! CO-OP]ATIVES0 

,!SE WRIT+S EXPLA9 :Y ,L59I/S HATE H] SO MU* & :Y !Y /OOP AT NO?+ TO DEMONIZE H] 9 ! EYES ( RADICALS TODAY1 NOT LEA/ BY IGNOR+ H] SYNDICALISM TO PORTRAY H] AS AN 9DIVIDUALI/ 9TELLECTUAL ONLY 9T]E/$ 9 LIFE/YLE *OICES4 ,AS CAN BE SE51 NO?+ C\LD BE FUR!R FROM ! TRU?4 

,:5 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION BROKE \T 9 ,JULY #a#i#c#f1 %E SWIFTLY VISIT$ ,B>CELONA & TOOK ! LEAD 9 DRUMM+ UP SUPPORT 9 ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ WORLD = ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,FRANCO4 ,%E WAS IMPRESS$ BY ALL ! GA9S ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION BUT %E MADE SPECIAL NOTE ( ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES 7,FREE ,WOM571 ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ WOM5'S F$]ATION :I* WAS =M$ %ORTLY BE=E ! REVOLUTION & :I* ORGANIZ$ AGA9/ ! 0TRIPLE 5SLAVEM5T TO IGNORANCE1 AS WOM51 & AS PRODUC]S40 ,IT CAMPAIGN$ ON MANY ISSUES1 NOT LEA/ ! SEXISM RAMPANT 9 ,AN>*I/ M5 :O W]E HAPPY TO PREA* EQUALITY BETWE5 ! SEXES BUT /ILL EXPECT$ !IR D9N] TO BE ON ! TABLE :5 !Y GOT HOME FROM TRY+ TO *ANGE ! WORLD4 ,AS !Y SUMM>IZ$3 

0,WE C\LD NOT SEP>ATE ! WOM5'S PROBLEM FROM ! SOCIAL PROBLEM1 NOR C\LD WE D5Y .<ITS.> SIGNIFICANCE .<444.> BY CONV]T+ WOM5 9TO A SIMPLE 9/RUM5T = ANY ORGANIZATION1 EV5 \R [N LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATION4 ,! 9T5TION .<444.> WAS MU* MU* BROAD]3 .<444.> TO EMP[] WOM5 TO MAKE ( !M 9DIVIDUALS CAPABLE ( CONTRIBUT+ TO ! /RUCTUR+ ( ! FUTURE SOCIETY1 9DIVIDUALS :O HAVE LE>N$ TO BE SELF-DET]M9+0 

,P>T ( ! PROBLEM !Y FAC$ WAS ! SEXISM ( !IR MALE COMRADES4 ,MAN>*Y 9 ACTION1 IF Y\ LIKE1 OR AS ONE ACTIVI/ 7,KYRAL9A7 PUT IT3 

0,ALL ?OSE COMPAN]OS1 H[EV] RADICAL !Y MAY BE 9 CAFES1 UNIONS1 & EV5 AFF9ITY GR\PS1 SEEM TO DROP !IR CO/UMES AS LOV]S ( FEMALE LIB]ATION AT ! DOORS ( !IR HOMES4 ,9SIDE1 !Y BEHAVE ) !IR COMPAN]AS JU/ LIKE COMMON HUSB&S40 

,! ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES CONSID]$ ?AT 0.<IT.> WAS ESS5TIAL ?AT WE WORK & /RUGGLE TOGE!R1 BECAUSE O!RWISE1 !RE W\LD BE NO SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,BUT WE NE$$ \R [N ORGANIZATION TO FI<T = \RSELVES0 AS ANO!R ACTIVI/ 7,SOL$AD7 >GU$4 ,?IS WAS BAS$ ON 5C\RAG+ ,EMP[]M5T 7CAPACITACION7 AS ,LUCIA ,SAN*EZ ,SAORNIL EXPLA9$3 

0,IT IS NOT .<! MAN.> :O IS CALL$ UPON TO SET \T ! ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES ( ! WOMAN 9 SOCIETY1 NO MATT] H[ ELEVAT$ HE MI<T CONSID] !M TO BE4 ,NO1 ! AN>*I/ WAY IS TO ALL[ ! WOMAN TO ACT FREELY H]SELF1 )\T TUTORS OR EXT]NAL PRESSURES2 ?AT %E MAY DEVELOP 9 ! DIRECTION ?AT H] NATURE & H] FACULTIES DICTATE40 

,GOLDMAN WROTE = ! J\RNAL ( ! ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRES1 SEE+ !M AS EXPRESS+ ! SAME K9D ( REVOLUTION>Y LIB]T>IAN IDEAS & ACTIVITY %E HAD BE5 EXP\ND+ = DECADES4 

,M>IE-,L\ISE ,B]N]I 7#a#i#a#h-#a#i#d#i7 

,\R F9AL LIB]T>IAN IS ,M>IE-,L\ISE ,B]N]I4 ,%E WAS BORN 9TO ,ITALIAN AN>*I/ FAMILY1 H] FA!R BE+ ,CAMILLO ,B]N]I 7:O WAS ASSASS9AT$ BY ,/AL9I/S 9 ,B>CELONA DUR+ ! ,MAY ,DAYS ( #a#i#c#g7 :ILE H] MO!R & Y\NG] SI/] W]E ALSO ACTIVE AN>*I/S4 

,H] FAMILY HAD TO FLEE ,ITALY ) ! RISE ( FASCISM1 GO+ 9TO EXILE 9 ,FRANCE 9 #aibf & !N ,BRITA9 :]E %E WAS 9/RUM5TAL 9 REVIVAL ( ,BRITI% ,AN>*ISM 9 ! #a#i#cS4 ,%E WAS >RE/$ ALONG ) ! F\R O!R $ITORS ( ,W> ,COMM5T>Y 9 #a#i#d#e1 AL?\< %E WAS ACQUITT$ ON A LEGAL TE*NICALITY 7! LAW PROCLAIM$ ?AT WIVES CANNOT CONSPIRE ) HUSB&S & %E WAS M>RI$ TO ANO!R ONE ( ! $ITORS74 ,REFLECT+ H] POSITION 9 ! MOVEM5T1 %E WAS S5T AS A ,BRITI% DELEGATE TO ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,CONF]5CE 9 ,P>IS 9 #a#i#d#h4 

,B]N]I WROTE SU* BOOKS & PAMPHLETS AS ,WORK]S 9 ,/AL9'S ,RUSSIA 7#a#i#d#d71 ,J\RNEY ,?R\< ,UTOPIA 7#a#i#e7 & ,NEI!R ,EA/ ,NOR ,WE/ 7#a#i#e#b7 AS WELL AS MANY >TICLES = PAP]S LIKE ,SPA9 & ! ,WORLD & ITS SUCCESSORS ,REVOLT61 ,W> ,COMM5T>Y & ,FRE$OM AS WELL AS ,N[4 

,SOME MAY BE WOND]+ :Y ,B]N]I IS 9CLUD$ AS A 0F\ND+ MO!R0 GIV5 :5 %E BECAME ACTIVE4 ,WELL1 %E PLAY$ A KEY P>T 9 RE9VIGORAT+ ! ,BRITI% ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T - 9DE$1 )\T H] \R HI/ORY W\LD HAVE BE5 RADICALLY DIFF]5T & NO:]E NE> AS /RONG4 ,AS SU* %E IS A 0F\ND+ MO!R0 ( ,BRITI% AN>*ISM &1 AS ,I HOPE BECOMES CLE>1 SOMEONE :O %\LD BE REMEMB]$ = H] CONTRIBUTIONS1 BO? PRACTICAL & !ORETICAL4 

,B]N]I SUMM>IZ$ H] CORE POLITICS - 0A FEW FUNDAM5TAL TRU?S10 AS %E PUT IT - AS FOLL[S3 

0,?AT WORK]S & CAPITALI/S CANNOT HAVE A COMMON CAUSE4 

,?AT IMP]IALISM IS ! PRIME CAUSE ( W>1 & ! CAUSE MU/ BE ]ADICAT$4 

,?AT GOV]NM5TS1 ,TORY & ,LABOR1 >E ALWAYS 9/RUM5TS ( OPPRESSION1 & ?AT ! WORK]S MU/ LE>N TO DO )\T !M4 

,?AT P>TIES SEEK P[] ONLY = !IR [N B5EFIT - A SMALL M9ORITY4 ,!RE=E ALL P[] MU/ BE SEIZ$ & RETA9$ 9 ! H&S ( SYNDICATES :I* COMPRISE ! GREAT MAJORITY ( ! M5 & WOM5 PRODUC]S40 

,!SE >E BASIC AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES &1 UNSURPRIS+LY1 %E WAS AGA9/ ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM :I* 9FATUAT$ SO-MU* ( ! LEFT AT ! TIME4 ,LOOK+ AT ,/AL9I/ ,RUSSIA1 IT WAS CLE> ?AT A 0/RONG ,/ATE NECESSITATES A RUL+ CLASS OR CA/E HOLD+ P[] OV] ! RE/ ( ! PEOPLE0 & SO 0.<T.>O HOLD POLITICAL & ECONOMIC P[] ! WORK]S %\LD BE ABLE TO CONTROL ! FACTORY !Y WORK 91 OR ! L& !Y CULTIVATE40 ,)\T ?IS BASE 9 WORK]S' CONTROL1 NO SOCIALISM WAS POSSIBLE = 0! CREATIVE 9/9CT ( ! WORK]S %\LD BE ABLE TO MANIFE/ ITSELF1 NOT ONLY \TSIDE ! SPH]E ( !IR WORK1 BUT 9 ! FACTORY ITSELF4 ,IT IS !RE=E IMPORTANT ?AT ! ,/ATE %\LD NOT DEPRIVE !M ( ! WORK ( ORGANIZ+ & RUNN+ ! FACTORY40 ,?IS APPLI$ TO SOCIAL FRE$OMS AS WELL1 ) ,B]N]I 9DICAT+ H[ ! RELATIVELY PROGRESSIVE LAWS ON M>RIAGE & SU*-LIKE 9TRODUC$ UND] ,L59 W]E REMOV$ BY ,/AL94 ,! CONCLUSION WAS CLE>3 

0REAL FRE$OM = WOM5 CANNOT BE E/ABLI%$ BY ,GOV]NM5T DECREES .<444.> ,WOM5 CAN HAVE ONLY A C>ICATURE ( LIB]TY SO LONG AS !Y >E NOT PREP>$ TO ORGANIZE !IR [N LIVES BUT 9/EAD ALL[ ! ,/ATE TO DECIDE = !M 9 ! M9UTE/ DETAILS40 

,WE CAN SEE ?AT ?IS APPLIES EV]Y :]E & ?AT FRE$OM CANNOT BE SECURE AS LONG AS WE >E DEP5D5T ON ! GOOD 9T5TIONS ( \R RUL]S - WE NE$ TO WRE/LE AS MU* FRE$OM AS WE CAN & DEF5D IT \RSELVES4 

,B]N]I IS PROBABLY BE/ KN[N = H] CRITICAL BOOK ON UTOPIAS1 PUBLI%$ %ORTLY AFT] H] UNTIMELY DEA?4 ,?IS IS UNSURPRIS+ AS H] VIEWS ( NO:]E - YES1 9DE$1 A T]RIBLE PUN ON ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS' UTOPIAN NOVEL1 ,NEWS FROM ,NO:]E1 BUT A NECESS>Y ONE6 - %$ LI<T ON BO? ! POLITICS ( SU* WRIT]S & ON CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY4 

,H] ANALYSIS %[$ ?AT UTOPIAS >E USUALLY AU?ORIT>IAN4 0,! BUILD]S ( UTOPIAS CLAIM$ TO GIVE FRE$OM TO ! PEOPLE10 ,B]N]I NOT$1 0BUT FRE$OM :I* IS GIV5 CEASES TO BE FRE$OM40 ,!Y WI% TO CREATE & 5=CE !IR VISION ( A P]FECT SOCIETY & ?AT1 NECESS>ILY1 MEANS 0SETT+ UP A VA/ MA*9]Y :I* WILL 5SURE ! P]FECT RUNN+ ( SOCIETY .<444.> ,! ,/ATE BECOMES AN ALL-WISE1 ALL-PROVID+ ,GOD :I* CAN NEV] MAKE ANY MI/AKES0 & SO 9 !SE UTOPIAS 0! AM\NT ( AUTONOMY GRANT$ TO FACTORY COMMITTEES OR CONSUM]S' UNIONS IS MO/LY FICTITI\S4 ,!RE IS LITTLE :I* ! WORK]S CAN DISCUSS :5 EV]Y?+ IS REGULAT$ BY ! ,/ATE1 ?ANKS TO ITS EXP]TS & BUREAUX ( /ATI/ICS40 ,%E SAID ! SAME ( ?AT 0UTOPIA REALIZ$10 ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 

,B]N]I IS ALSO ( NOTE = BE+ ! FIR/ TO 9TRODUCE ! WORKS ( ,WILHELM ,REI* & HIS ANALYSIS ( ! HI]>*ICAL FAMILY TO ! ,5GLI%-SPEAK+ MOVEM5T4 ,%E NOT$ H[ 0! AU?ORIT>IAN FAMILY .<444.> ACCU/OMS .<! *ILDR5444.> TO RESPECT ! AU?ORITY ( ! FA!R2 !Y WILL LAT] OBEY JU/ AS UNQUE/IONABLY ! ORD]S ( ! ,/ATE40 ,IT WAS A CASE ( LOOK+ AT ! :OLE P]SON RA!R ?AN ! FRACTUR$1 COMP>TM5TALIZ$ ?+ CREAT$ BY CAPITALISM3 

0,! WORK] IS NOT M]ELY ! PRODUC] 9 ! FACTORY OR ! FIELD2 HE IS ALSO ! LOV]1 ! FA!R4 ,! PROBLEMS :I* HE FACES 9 HIS HOME >E NO LESS IMPORTANT ?AN ?OSE AT HIS PLACE ( WORK4 ,BY TRY+ TO SEP>ATE BIOLOGICAL & PSY*OLOGICAL PROBLEMS FROM ! SOCIOLOGICAL ONES1 WE NOT ONLY MUTILATE \R !ORIES1 BUT >E B\ND TO REA* FALSE CONCLUSIONS40 

,H] WORK REM9DS US ?AT CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM DOES NOT IMPLY ! IGNOR+ ( O!R1 WID]1 ISSUES & ?AT IT ALWAYS CRITIQU$ ALL =MS ( SOCIAL HI]>*Y1 SEEK+ FRE$OM EV]Y:]E & RECOGNIZ+ ?AT OPPRESSION 9 ONE SPH]E WAS NEV] SEP>ATE OR ISOLAT$ FROM OPPRESSION 9 O!RS4 

,CONCLUSIONS 

,! MEAN+ ( AN>*ISM IS N[1 ,I HOPE1 CLE>4 

,IT /RESSES ?AT = PEOPLE TO FL\RI% A NEW SOCIETY IS NE$$ =1 AS ,LUCY ,P>SONS PUT IT1 !RE >E 0C]TA9 ?+S ?AT >E PRICELESS4 ,AMONG !SE >E LIFE1 LIB]TY & HAPP9ESS1 & !SE >E ?+S :I* ! SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE1 ! FREE SOCIETY1 WILL GU>ANTEE TO ALL40 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN IT W\LD BE A P]FECT WORLD BUT RA!R A BETT] ONE AS ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN NOT$3 

0,I DO NOT CLAIM ?AT ! TRIUMPH ( MY IDEAS W\LD ELIM9ATE ALL POSSIBLE PROBLEMS FROM ! LIFE ( MAN = ALL TIME .<444.> ,NATURE & \R [N COMPLEXES >E APT TO CONT9UE TO PROVIDE US ) 5\< PA9 & /RUGGLE4 ,:Y !N MA9TA9 ! NE$LESS SUFF]+ IMPOS$ BY \R PRES5T SOCIAL /RUCTURE .<444) ITS.> BROK5 HE>TS & CRU%$ LIVES .<444.>80 

,A NEW WORLD NE$S NEW /RUCTURES1 =MS & ATTITUDES = AS ,&RE ,LEO RECOGNIZ$ 0.<I.>F WE ACT LIKE \R ADV]S>IES1 H[ WILL ! WORLD *OOSE BETWE5 !M & US80 ,SO IDEAS MATT]4 ,GOLDMAN WAS RI<T TO >GUE ?AT 0HAD ! ,RUSSIANS MADE ! ,REVOLUTION A LA ,BAKUN9 9/EAD ( A LA ,M>X0 !N 0! RESULT W\LD HAVE BE5 DIFF]5T & MORE SATISFACTORY .<444.> ,BOL%EVIK ME?ODS .<444.> DEMON/RAT$ H[ A REVOLUTION %\LD NOT BE MADE40 

,H5CE ! NE$ TO APPLY AN>*I/ IDEAS N[1 TO 9CREASE ! NUMB]S & 9FLU5CE ( LIB]T>IANS 9 ! SOCIAL /RUGGLES ( TODAY4 ,?IS ALSO MEANS ?AT WE NE$ TO HOVE TRUE TO \R IDEALS REG>DLESS ( POLITICAL EXP$I5CY4 ,M>IE-,L\ISE ,B]N]I PUT IT WELL :5 %E >GU$ ?AT 0.<W.>E CANNOT ALT] \R VIEWS AB\T ,RUSSIA SIMPLY BECAUSE1 = IMP]IALI/ REASONS1 ,AM]ICAN & ,BRITI% SPOKESM5 N[ D5\NCE ,RUSSIAN TOTALIT>IANISM40 ,YET HAV+ ! RI<T IDEAS IS NOT 5\<3 IDEAS NE$ TO BE APPLI$ = REASONS ,L\ISE ,MI*EL 9DICAT$3 

0,WE WOM5 >E NOT BAD REVOLUTION>IES4 ,)\T BEGG+ ANYONE1 WE >E TAK+ \R PLACE 9 ! /RUGGLES2 O!RWISE1 WE C\LD GO AHEAD & PASS MOTIONS UNTIL ! WORLD 5DS & GA9 NO?+40 

,?IS /RUGGLE 5SURES ?AT WE *ANGE \RSELVES AS WE *ANGE ! WORLD1 SO 5SUR+ ?AT AN>*ISM BECOMES MORE ?AN A NICE IDEA BUT A FACTOR 9 SOCIAL EVOLUTION T[>DS A FRE]1 BETT] WORLD4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bba 3 ,! ,MEAN+ ( ,AN>*ISM ,VIA ,TWELVE ,LIB]T>IANS -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,MEAN+ ( ,AN>*ISM ,VIA ,TWELVE ,LIB]T>IANS -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/