,! ,NEGATIVITY ( ,AN>*ISM 

#aige 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,DAVID ,WIECK 

,TEXT 3 

,AN>*ISM IS NOTORI\SLY PLURALI/IC 9 ! S5SE ?AT !RE >E MANY PHILOSOPH]S & MANY S*OOLS ) NO OBVI\S COMMON GR\ND EXCEPT ! REJECTION ( POLITICAL SOV]EIGNTY IMPLICIT 9 AN->*IA4 ,NOT UNREASONABLY1 AN>*ISM IS FREQU5TLY TAK5 TO BE A FAMILY ( M9IMALLY RELAT$ IDEAS ?AT D5Y ! LEGITIMACY ( ! /ATE & 7USUALLY7 PROPOSE ITS ABOLITION4 ,?IS VIEW1 AL?\< TEXTS 9 SUPPORT ( IT C\LD BE CIT$1 IS N>R[2 = AN>*ISM IS NOT M]ELY ANTI-/ATE1 SOMEH[ IT IS AN IDEA OR !ORY ( FRE$OM4 ,BUT ?IS NOT M]ELY1 ?IS FRE$OM1 >E 9DEF9ITE & MU* 9 NE$ ( ELUCIDATION4 

,I (F] H]E A VIEW ( AN>*ISM1 A WAY ( UND]/&+ IT 9 T]MS ( A COMMON BASIS1 ?AT ,I HOPE WILL MAKE EVID5T ITS IMPORTANCE & ITS MEAN+4 ,?IS IS A PROBLEMATICAL UND]TAK+1 QUITE DIFF]5T FROM A /UDY ( ! ?\<T ( AN 9DIVIDUAL AN>*I/ WRIT]4 ,IT CALLS = DECISIONS AB\T :AT IS ESS5TIAL 9 ! V>I\S AN>*I/ TRADITIONS1 & !RE IS HI< RISK ?AT ! RESULT BE MORE REVELATORY ( ONE'S [N BIAS OR PR$ILECTIONS ?AN ( AN>*ISM PA/ OR PRES5T4 ,MORE EXACTLY1 !N1 ! PRES5T >TICLE IS AN EXPRESSION ( MY 9TUITION1 BAS$ *IEFLY ON MY P]SONAL EXP]I5CE ( AN>*ISM1 ( :AT IS C5TRAL TO AN>*ISM & :AT MO/ WOR?:ILE 9 ! S5SE ( /ATEM5T AB\T HUMAN SOCIETY & HUMAN BE+4 ,9 ! C\RSE ( ! REFLECTIVE EF=T TO EXPRESS MY 9TUITION AS PRECISELY AS ,I CAN1 ,I HAVE COME TO SEE A NUMB] ( FUNDAM5TAL ISSUES 9 A WAY ?AT IS NEW & ILLUM9AT+ TO ME4 

,MY DISC\RSE IS OBJECTIVE 9 MODE & 9T5D$ = PHILOSOPHICAL SCRUT9Y4 ,I WI% TO MAKE IT QUITE CLE>1 H[EV]1 ESPECIALLY BECAUSE ,I BELIEVE ?AT :AT ONE ?9KS & CLAIMS TO KN[ 9 ! OBJECTIVE MODE IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM ONE'S CONVICTIONS 7:]E ONE IS COM+ FROM1 AS ! APT PHRASE HAD IT71 ?AT ,I %>E ! BROAD ATTITUDE OR ORI5TATION ?AT ,I ID5TIFY AS AN>*I/4 

,AS ,I SAY LAT] ON1 ! P]SPECTIVE ( AN>*ISM1 AS A LIV+ IDEA RA!R ?AN AS AN 9TELLECTUAL POSSIBILITY1 IS A P]SPECTIVE ( OPPRESS$ PEOPLE TO :OSE ANG] AT !IR OPPRESSION & ! OPPRESSION ( !IR COMRADES AN>*ISM GIVES VOICE2 ! PURPOSE ( AN>*ISM IS TO S]VE AS A MEANS = PUTT+ 5D TO ?OSE OPPRESSIONS4 ,JU/ H[ F> ONE CAN GRASP ! MEAN+ ( LIFE-CONDITIONS ?AT >E NOT ONE'S [N -- A QUE/ION RAIS$ VIGOR\SLY BY BLACKS & BY WOM5 -- ,I AM NOT SURE4 7,I HAVE EXP]I5C$ OPPRESSIONS BUT NOT AS A P]MAN5T CONDITION TO :I* SOCIETY & CIRCUM/ANCE HAVE CONDEMN$ ME2 9 ! FAMILY ( MANK9D ,I HAVE BE5 A MIDDLE-PRIVILEG$ P]SON AT LEA/47 ,H[EV] ?AT MAY BE1 ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT AN>*ISM CAN BECOME MEAN+FUL ONLY IF ONE HAS A CONCRETE S5SE ( ! SOCIAL REALITY -- ,I AM AFRAID ,I DO NOT KN[ A BETT] T]M \T ( :I* IT >ISES1 & ,I HOPE ?AT ,I HAVE KEPT ?IS REALITY1 NAMELY ! HUMAN MEAN+ ( OPPRESSION1 9 CON/ANT VIEW4 

,! ,AN>*I/ ,IDEA 

,TO A PRELIM9>Y CONCEPTION ( AN>*ISM & ( :AT ,I MEAN BY A COMMON BASIS1 COMP>ISON & CONTRA/ ( ! ROLE ( IDEAS & IDEOLOGY 9 ! HI/ORY ( SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM WILL PROVIDE A WAY ( APPROA*1 LESS CIRCUIT\S ?AN MAY AT FIR/ APPE>4 

,AN>*ISM IS USUALLY CALL$ AN IDEOLOGY1 & 9 SOME S5SES ( A T]M ?AT EV]YONE DEF9ES AT WILL1 ?IS *>ACT]IZATION W\LD BE CORRECT IF NOT V]Y 9=MATIVE4 ,I PREF] TO DEF9E IDEOLOGY1 9 ! SPIRIT ( ,M>X & ,MANNHEIM1 AS AN APRIORI/IC & RATIONALIZ$ BELIEF SY/EM ?AT S]VES TO JU/IFY1 & TO MY/IFY ON BEHALF (1 ! DOM9ANCE & P[] ( SOME SOCIAL GR\P OR SOME 9/ITUTIONAL COMPLEX4 7,?IS DEF9ITION IS MEANT TO COMPREH5D TRASC5D5TAL IDEOLOGIES1 IE41 !OLOGIES1 AS WELL AS SOCIAL IDEOLOGIES47 ,AL?\< ,I BELIEVE IT TO HAVE BROAD] !ORETICAL UTILITY1 ! READ] IS FREE TO REG>D ?IS DEF9ITION1 :I* WILL HAVE A !MATIC FUNCTION 9 MY DISCUSSION1 AS A MEANS ( MAK+ DI/9CTIONS USEFUL 9 CL>IFY+ ! /ATUS ( AN>*ISM4 

,SOCIALISM BE=E ,M>X EXPRESS$ AN 9COMPLETELY DET]M9ATE BUT BY NO MEANS AB/RACT IDEAL1 R\<LY DESCRIBABLE AS ABOLITION ( B\RGEOIS PROP]TY1 ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION1 & CLASS DIVISION1 V9DICATION ( ! DIGNITY ( LABOR1 & 9/ITUTION ( PRODUCTION = USE4 ,PHILOSOPHICALLY & BY SOCIAL SCI5CE1 ,M>X TRI$ TO CREATE = SOCIALISM A !ORY ( ME?OD & A JU/IFICATION = ITS GOALS4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY1 9 ! HI/ORICALLY IMPORTANT V>IANTS ( SOCIALISM1 ,M>XI/ !ORY1 OR P]HAPS MORE EXACTLY ! PHILOSOPHY & ME?ODOLOGY ( ,5GELS1 SUITABLY GLOSS$1 BECAME DOCTR9AL TRU?3 FIR/ ( ALL 9 ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & ,AM]ICAN ,DE,LEONISM & !N 9 ,L59ISM & ITS D]IVATIVES4 ',OR?ODOXY1' 'DEVIATION1' 'REVISIONISM1' & ! REMA9D] ( A VOCABUL>Y ( RIGIDIFI$ !OLOGY-LIKE SY/EM1 5=C$ BY A C5TRALIZ$ P>TY1 SIGNAL ! TRANSITION4 ,?IS LA/ /AGE ( ,M>XISM1 !SE SY/EMS ( TRU?1 >E FULLY IDEOLOGICAL 9 ! S5SE ( ! DEF9ITION ABOVE4 

7,?AT ! ,M>XISMS :I* HAVE A %>E ( ! WORLD HI/ORICAL SC5E >E APRIORI/IC BELIEF-SY/EMS RE/+ ON DEF9ITIVE F\NDATIONS IS WIDELY RECOGNIZ$ = ! ,L59I/ ,9/ANCES4 ,IF IT IS LESS USUAL TO REG>D ,L59ISM AS JU/IFY+ & MY/IFY+ ON BEHALF ( A DOM9ANT SOCIAL GR\P1 ?IS IS 9 P>T BECAUSE1 FROM A B\RGEOIS /&PO9T1 ITSELF IDEOLOGICAL1 IT SEEMS LIKE A PROSELETYZ+ FAI?4 ,I SEE ITS PRIM>Y FUNCTION AS JU/IFICATION ( ! RULE ( ! LEAD]%IP ( A P>TY OV] ITS MEMB]S1 ( ! RULE1 PRES5T OR FUTURE1 ( A P>TY OV] SOCIETY2 & AS MY/IFICATION ( ! PEOPLE4 ,L59I/ ,M>XISM TURNS \T !RE=E TO BE AN IDEOLOGY ( /ATE-DOM9ION ?AT M]GES ) -- APPROPRIATES OR P]HAPS IS APPROPRIAT$ BY -- IDEOLOGIES ( NATIONALISM4 ,SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 ( C\RSE1 HAS F\ND ACCOMMODATION ) CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY47 

,AN>*ISM1 BY CONTRA/1 :ILE NOT FREE ( IDEOLOGICAL T5D5CY1 HAS NEV] BE5 DOM9AT$ OR DELIMIT$ BY ! !ORIES ( ITS PHILOSOPHICAL & SCI5TIFIC PROPON5TS4 ,?OSE AN>*I/S :O HAVE ADVOCAT$ DOCTR9AL UNIFICATION HAVE USUALLY AFFILIAT$ EV5TUALLY ) ,M>XI/ P>TIES1 AS HAVE ADVOCATES 7! SAME P]SONS MO/ (T57 ( P>TY-LIKE ORGANIZATIONS 9T5D$ TO LEAD & DIRECT POPUL> MOVEM5TS ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,! AN>*I/ BELIEF IS FUNDAM5TAL ?AT NO P]SON1 NO !ORY1 NO HI/ORICAL PROCESS1 /&S HI<] ?AN ONESELF1 & ?AT LIFE DOES NOT YIELD PRIMACY TO ?\<T AB/RACT$ FROM IT4 ,! MO/ SIGNIFICANT LEGACY FROM ! PA/ !RE=E IS C]TA9 VALUES & 7ESPECIALLY7 PR9CIPLES1 ! LIVES1 & (T5 ! DEA?S1 ( EXEMPL>Y & H]OIC P]SONS1 & CAUTION>Y EXP]I5CES4 ,RESOLVE & ACTION1 KN[L$GE ( ONE'S DESIRES & GOALS1 IS :AT MATT]S3 :I* IS TO SAY ?AT ,M>XI/ ACCUSATIONS ( VOLUNT>ISM DO NOT MALIGN AN>*ISM4 

,MANNHEIM'S CLASSIFICATION ( AN>*ISM AS UTOPIAN RA!R ?AN IDEOLOGICAL -- BECAUSE IT SEEKS TO SUND] & NOT TO SU/A9 ! SOCIAL PRES5T -- HAS MU* TO RECOMM5D IT BUT IS /ILL NOT ACCURATE & IS PREJUDICIAL MOREOV] 9 ?AT 'UTOPIAN' 7AS MU* AS 'IDEOLOGICAL'7 WAS = ,MANNHEIM A T]M ( CONTRA/ TO ! REALI/IC ME?ODS ( LIB]AL SOCIAL-SCI5TIFIC MELIORISM4 ,AN>*ISM1 NON-IDEOLOGICAL & PRIOR TO PHILOSOPHY & TO SCI5CE1 WE MAY BE/1 IF ) SLI<T SEMANTICAL AWKW>DNESS1 SPEAK ( AS AN ,IDEA3 A MODE ( SPEE* FAMILI> TO AT LEA/ SOME AN>*I/S1 C]TA9LY TO ?OSE 9 ! ,SPANI% & ,ITALIAN TRADITIONS4 

,*>ACT]IZATION AS AN ,IDEA SITUATES AN>*ISM 9 ?AT CON/ELLATION OR COSMOS ( ,IDEAS1 K9DR$ 9 SPIRIT ONE TO ANO!R AL?\< :OLLY CONCORDANT BY NO MEANS1 ?AT ASSUM$ MAJOR SIGNIFICANCE 9 ! EI<TE5? & E>LY N9ETE5? C5TURIES 9 ,EUROPE & ! ,AM]ICAS3 ,IDEAS ( SOCIALISM1 REASON1 LIB]TY1 EQUALITY1 DEMOCRACY1 MANK9D1 PROGRESS1 HI/ORY1 ! NATION4 ,C]TA9 ( !SE1 SU* AS AN>*ISM & SOCIALISM1 EXPRESS$ SOCIAL IDEALS DIRECTLY2 C]TA91 AMONG !M SOCIALISM1 & ! IDEA ( ! NATION EQUALLY FATEFULLY1 BECAME ! S\RCE ( LAT] IDEOLOGIES4 ,WE LACK AN UNAMBIGU\S NAME = ?AT PRE-IDEOLOGICAL MODE ( ?\<T2 IDEALI/IC MAY BE BE/ BUT 9 A S5SE ?AT IS PRE-PHILOSOPHICAL & DISCONT9U\S ) PHILOSOPHIC ,IDEALISM4 

7,! S5SE ( ,IDEA H]E IS NOT ,HEGEL'S BUT ?AT ( A REC5TLY EM]G$ MODE ( ?\<T ?AT HE S\<T TO UND]/& & APPROPRIATE4 ,HE BLAM$ ! AB/RACT4 ,IDEAS = ! C\RSE ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 NOT REALIZ+1 OR PREF]R+ NOT TO SEE ?AT AL?\< !Y W]E UND\BT$LY US$ AS MANIPULATIVE AB/RACTIONS1 I4E41 IDEOLOGICALLY1 BY ! WIELD]S ( NEW P[]1 !Y HAD MEAN+ 5\<1 & CONCRETELY1 = ! POOR & OPPRESS$47 

,AN ,IDEA LIKE AN>*ISM1 AS ,I CONCEIVE IT1 IS A ?\<T1 A ?9K+1 A CONVICTION1 A DESIRE1 AN AIM1 A VISION ( LIFE1 :OSE NATURE IS AN 9SI/5CE ?AT IT BE REALIZ$ & :OSE FULL MEAN+ IS TO BECOME MANIFE/ ONLY 9 ITS REALIZATION4 ,IT EXPRESSES A POT5TIALITY ( HUMAN BE+1 RECOGNIZABLE BY HUMAN BE+S & EMBRACEABLE AS A GOAL ?AT TOGE!R !Y 5DEAVOR TO CONSUMMATE4 ,IT EXI/S 9 7& AS7 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS1 9 7& AS7 MOVEM5TS ( M9D1 9 7& AS7 ! LIVES1 ACTIONS1 & EXP]I5CES ( P]SONS4 ,IT HAS GR\ND 9 ! SOCIAL PRES5T & OBJECTIVITY & POT5TIAL REALITY AS A %>$ & SOCIAL AIM4 ,AL?\< CAPABLE ( >TICULATION1 IT IS NOT ESS5TIALLY CONCEPTUAL1 C]TA9LY NOT RATIONALI/IC4 ,AT ITS CORE1 AS ITS MATT]1 AS ITS MAT]IAL S\RCE1 IS FEEL+ -- FEEL+S AB\T RELATIONS AMONG HUMAN BE+S1 AB\T P]SONAL ID5TITY & WOR?1 AB\T HUMAN BE+4 

,9 T]M+ AN>*ISM AN ,IDEA1 ,I MEAN TO CONVEY SPECIFICALLY ?AT IT IS NON-DOCTR9AL2 ?AT IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 UND]/OOD RA!R ?AN DEF9$2 ?AT IT GIVES %>$ MEAN+ TO DEEP-FELT LONG+S2 ?AT IT 9DICATES AN IDEAL AIM = :I* A SOCIAL MOVEM5T1 ( EV]YDAY HUMAN BE+S :O 9 PRACTICE WILL (T5 5\< CONTRADICT !IR IDEALS1 IS CALL$ =?2 ?AT IT EXPRESSES AN \<T ?AT IS AN ANTICIPATION ( ITS OBJECT ( /RIV+2 ?AT IT S]VES AS OBJECT ( FAI?1 AS GR\ND ( SOLID>ITY & MUTUAL AID2 ?AT IT HAS BE5 5RI*$ BUT NOT TRANS=M$ ESS5TIALLY BY SUPPORT+ SPECULATIONS4 & REASON$ >GUM5T2 & ?AT IT HAS REMA9$ CONT9U\SLY & 9T5SELY 9 T\* ) ITS ORIG9AT+ IDEALS4 

,BY NO MEANS DOES ?IS AN>*ISM SIGNIFY M9DLESSNESS1 IRRATIONALISM OR AN ANTI-9TELLECTUAL ATTITUDE -- A MIS9T]PRETATION COMMON 9 ! Y\?-RADICAL MOVEM5TS ( ! #a#i#f'S1 POSSIBLY REFLECT+ CONFUSION BETWE5 79 MY T]M9OLOGY7 IDEAS & IDEOLOGY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 SELF-$UCATION1 ?9K+ ?R\< & DISCUSS+ EXHAU/IVELY ! MEAN+ & CONSEQU5CES ( ONE'S BASIC BELIEFS1 BE+ !IR MA/] & NOT !IR S]VANT1 !SE >E IMPLICIT 9 ! AN>*I/ ,IDEA & W]E ! NORM1 & FREQU5TLY ! PRACTICE1 ( TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS4 ,TO SAY ?AT ?IS ,IDEA IS A ?\<T SEEK+ ITS REALIZATION IS TO SAY ?AT IT DEM&S A MAXIMUM ( SOCIAL 9V5TIV5ESS & PRACTICAL IMAG9ATION1 ?AT IT DEM&S 7AGA97 ?AT ONE KN[ :AT ONE WANTS4 ,IT IS OPPOSITE TO OB$I5CE TO IDEAS AB/RACT$ FROM LIFE & TO ACTION UN9=M$ BY ?\<T4 ,?IS1 RA!R ?AN ! AN>*ISM ( ONE OR ANO!R !ORI/1 IS ! AN>*ISM :OSE MEAN+ ,I %ALL TRY TO BR+ =?4 

,! FACT ?AT ! AN>*ISM 9 QUE/ION REMA9$ ESS5TIALLY AN ,IDEA GR\ND$ 9 FEEL+ DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ?IS ,IDEA HAS NO HI/ORY OR EVOLUTION1 BUT ,I %ALL NOT ATTEMPT TO DEAL ) ?AT EVOLUTION H]E4 

,AN>*ISM 

,) ! =EGO+ =MAL CONCEPTION ( AN>*ISM 9 M9D1 ,I N[ (F] A /ATEM5T ( ITS CONT5T4 

,! !ME ( POLITICAL SOV]EIGNTY WILL BE ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE1 ) PROVISO ?AT WE ADOPT ! WIDE S5SE ( 'POLITICS' EMPLOY$ BY CONTEMPOR>Y FEM9I/S :O BY SPEAK+ ( SEXUAL POLITICS HAVE DRAWN NOTICE TO A V]ITABLE HO/ ( POLITICS4 

70,! T]M 'POLITICS' %ALL REF] TO P[]-/RUCTUR$ RELATION%IPS1 >RANGEM5TS :]EBY ONE GR\P ( P]SONS IS CONTROLL$ BY ANO!R4 ,BY WAY ( P>5!SIS ONE MI<T ADD ?AT AL?\< AN IDEAL POLITICS MI<T SIMPLY BE CONCEIV$ ( AS ! >RANGEM5T ( HUMAN LIFE ON AGREEABLE & RATIONAL PR9CIPLES FROM :5CE ! 5TIRE NOTION ( P[] OV] O!RS %\LD BE BANI%$1 ONE MU/ CONFESS ?AT ?IS IS NOT :AT CON/ITUTES ! POLITICAL AS WE KN[ IT1 & IT IS TO ?IS ?AT WE MU/ ADDRESS \RSELVES40 ,KATE ,MILLETT1 ,SEXUAL ,POLITICS1 ,N4 ,Y43 ,D\BL$AY1 #a#i#g1 PP4 #b#c-#b#d47 

,ON ?IS MODEL 7! POLITICAL AS WE KN[ IT7 WE MAY CONCEIVE ( ! POLITICS ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 ! POLITICS ( $UCATION1 ! POLITICS ( RACE1 ! POLITICS ( RELIGION1 ! POLITICS ( >T1 ! POLITICS ( AGE -- & ! POLITICS ( EV]Y SOCIAL SPH]E1 ! CONV5TIONALLY POLITICAL 9CLUD$1 9 :I* A GR\P OR CLASS OR CA/E DOM9ATES O!RS1 OR SOME 9/ITUTIONAL COMPLEX RULES ! LIVES ( PEOPLE4 ,9 MANY ( !SE SPH]ES1 EX*ANGEABLE SLOGANS ( FRE$OM & LIB]ATION1 & MORE PROBLEMATIC SLOGANS ( P[] AS WELL1 HAVE BE5 RAIS$4 

,AS MI<T BE EXPECT$1 !RE IS ALSO A POLITICS ( LIB]ATION -- A POLITICS ( OV]T OR COV]T P[]-/RUCTURES ?AT CONTROL P>TICUL> MOVEM5TS ( LIB]ATION4 

,WE %ALL HAVE 9 M9D1 !N1 A PANOPLY ( POLITICAL RELATION%IPS1 AMONG !M1 MA/]S & SLAVES1 GOV]NORS & GOV]N$1 PROP]TI$ & PROP]TYLESS1 EMPLOY]S & EMPLOYES1 MALE & FEMALE1 TEA*]S & /UD5TS1 OLD & Y\NG 7& Y\NG & OLD71 DOM9ANT & SUBJUGAT$ RACES1 P>TY LEAD]S & P>TY MEMB]S1 BUREAUCRATS & CLI5TS1 LABOR LEAD]S & RANK & FILE1 COMM&]S & TROOPS1 PRIE/S & !IR FLOCKS 7& ON SOME VIEWS3 ,GOD & HUMAN BE+71 IMP]IAL NATIONS & SUBJECT-PEOPLES1 LIB]ATORS & ?OSE :OM !Y PROPOSE TO LIB]ATE4 ,) RESPECT TO EA* ( ! P[]-RELATION%IPS ONE CAN ID5TIFY A 'DI/9CTIVE IDEOLOGY1 SOMETIMES =MALLY >TICULAT$1 AL?\< R>ELY ) ! ?OR\<NESS ( OR?ODOX ,L59ISM1 SOMETIMES PRIMITIVE OR P>ASITIC ON O!R IDEOLOGIES4 

,AN>*ISM CAN BE UND]/OOD AS ! G5]IC SOCIAL & POLITICAL ,IDEA ?AT EXPRESSES NEGATION ( ALL P[]1 SOV]EIGNTY1 DOM9ATION1 & HI]>*ICAL DIVISION1 & A WILL TO !IR DISSOLUTION2 & EXPRESSES REJECTION ( ALL ! DI*OTOMIZ+ CONCEPTS ?AT ON GR\ND ( ,NATURE1 ,REASON1 ,HI/ORY1 ,GOD OR O!R1 DIVIDE PEOPLE 9TO ?OSE DOM9ANT & ?OSE JU/LY SUBORD9AT$4 ,AN>*ISM IS !RE=E F> MORE ?AN ANTI-/ATISM1 BUT GOV]NM5T 7! /ATE71 AS CLAIMANT TO ULTIMATE SOV]EIGNTY & H5CE TO ! RI<T TO \TLAW OR LEGITIMATE P>TICUL> SOV]EIGNTIES1 & BECAUSE SU/A9$ FROM SELF-9T]E/ BY ?OSE :O GU>D P>TICUL> FIEFS & TURFS1 /&S AT ! C5T] ( ! WEB ( SOCIAL DOM9ION & IS APPROPRIATELY ! FOCUS ( AN>*I/ CRITIQUE4 ,AN>*ISM IS ANTI-POLITICAL1 !RE=E1 9 A COMPREH5SIVE S5SE = :I* ELECTORAL & P>LIAM5T>Y AB/5TIONISM IS A FITT+ SYMBOL4 

,! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! AN>*I/ IDEA & MY DEF9ITION ( IDEOLOGY IS BY N[ OBVI\S3 A RELATION%IP JU/IFI$ BY ! APTNESS ( ! AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE = ASSESSM5T ( ! EXPLOITATION ( IDEAS BY P[] & ! IDEOLOGIZ+ ( IDEAS1 A PROJECT TO :I* ,M>XISM CONTRIBUTES MI<TILY BUT :I* ITS [N COMMITM5T TO P[] BETRAYS4 ,= ! /ATE ITSELF1 TRADITIONAL POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY1 ABOVE ALL 9 ! EPO* ( ! NATION-/ATE1 HAS PROVID$ CONSI/5T IDEOLOGICAL SUPPORT4 

,AN>*ISM !N IS ! SOCIAL & POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY ?AT PROPOSES ! ]ADICAT+ ( ALL DIVISIONS BETWE5 7POLITICAL7 HAVES & HAVE-NOTS1 ! DISSOLV+ RA!R ?AN ! R$I/RIBUT+ ( P[]2 & ! ABOLI%+ ( ID5TITIES ( RUL] & SUBJECT1 LEAD] & L$1 LE>N$ & IGNORANT1 SUP]IOR & 9F]IOR1 MA/] & S]VANT1 HUMAN & 9HUMAN4 ,IF ! AN>*I/ IDEAL W]E REALIZ$1 ALL P]SONS 9 !IR UNIQUE 9DIVIDUALITY W\LD BE RELAT$ TO EA* O!R 9 MULTIPLE NON/RATIFI$ SOCIETIES ( VOLUNT>Y 7FREELY *OS57 ASSOCIATION4 

,TODAY1 9DIVIDUALITY SIGNIFIES1 ALMO/ 9V>IABLY1 MEMB]%IP 9 AN ELITE CLASS OR CA/E1 OPPOSITE A MASS1 & DEP5DS ON 7IS GIV5 DEF9ITION BY7 ?AT MEMB]%IP2 SU* 9DIVIDUALITY IS NOT AU!NTIC BECAUSE NOT PROP]LY 9DIVIDUAL4 ,:AT IS PRES5TLY ?\<T ( AS SOCIALIZATION IS A /ABILIZ$1 PREF]ABLY FRICTIONLESS POLITICS TO :I* ! SUBORD9ATE ASS5T4 ,! AIM ( AN>*ISM IS UNIV]SAL & G5U9E 9DIVIDUALITY & COMPLETE SOCIALIZATION1 !IR ANTI!SIS OV]COME BY1 PRECISELY1 ! ELIM9ATION ( CON/RA9+ & DI/ORT+ CONTEXTS ( P[]4 ,!N AIL P]SONS W\LD BE POLITICAL EQUALS1 NOT 9 ! S5SE ( EQUALITY ( P[] 7= AN>*ISM NEGATES SOCIAL P[]7 OR NECESS>ILY ( GOODS BUT 9 ! S5SE ?AT NO ONE1 NO GR\P1 & NO 9/ITUTION W\LD RULE1 CONTROL1 DECIDE = OR DOM9ATE ANO!R4 ,!RE W\LD BE SOCIETY1 BUT NO POLITY4 

,9DIVIDUALITY 7UNIQU5ESS7 & ! SOCIALIZATION ( HUMAN EXI/5CE1 SO RECONCEIV$1 CAN BE ID5TIFI$ AS BASIC VALUES ( AN>*ISM1 VALUES 9 TURN DESCRIBABLE AS SOCIAL FRE$OM4 ,JU/ICE WILL NO LONG] BE DEF9$ 9 T]MS ( DI/RIBUTION1 OR ( RI<TS ?AT PRESUPPOSE SOV]EIGNTY1 C]TA9LY NOT BY LAWFULNESS4 ,IF SLAV]Y BE TAK5 AS METAPHOR = DOM9ATION1 APPLICABLE LIT]ALLY OR NE>LY SO TO MANY ( ITS =MS1 JU/ICE & 9JU/ICE ( 9/ITUTIONS CAN BE DEF9$ 9 T]MS ( SLAV]Y SO ?AT AN ,9/ITUTION IS UNJU/ IF & 9S(> AS P]SONS IMPLICAT$ 9 IT >E ! SLAVES ( O!RS4 ,H[EV] B5IGN & ALTRUI/ICALLY 9T5TION$1 SLAV]IES VIOLATE HUMAN BE+ SY/EMATICALLY & ESS5TIALLY1 & ?IS CANNOT BE MADE-GOOD4 ,! MA/] ( C\RSE ?9KS O!RWISE1 & O!RWISE SAY HIS IDEOLOGIES4 

,PLA9LY1 TO /RIVE = ! TOTAL ABOLITION ( SLAV]IES IS NOT ! ONLY POSSIBLE MODE ( RESPONSE TO !IR RECOGNITION3 IF IT W]E1 !RE W\LD BE NO LIB]ALISMS OR ,M>XISMS & AN>*I/S W\LD BE EV]Y:]E4 ,IF CONV9C$ ?AT ABOLITION IS ,IMPOSSIBLE1 ONE MAY *OOSE TO MITIGATE1 RE=M OR EX*ANGE SY/EMS ( P[]2 )\T DEVALU+ FRE$OM1 ONE MI<T NOT HOPE = MORE ?AN M>G9AL & SPORADIC REALIZATION ( IT4 ,EXCEPT = 9CID5TAL REM>KS1 ,I %ALL AVOID DISCUSSION ( PRACTICALITY & ! PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS CONC]N+ JUDGM5T ( IT1 PROBLEMS ?AT >E P>TICUL>LY DIFFICULT BECAUSE ! G5]ALIZATION ( AN>*I/ ATTITUDES T[>D 9/ITUTIONS MI<T HAVE SIGNIFICANT RESULTS1 9 KEEP+ ) AN>*I/ VALUES1 EV5 IF ! IDEAL AIM W]E NEV] APPROXIMAT$4 ,I LIMIT MYSELF TO TRY+ TO EXHIBIT ! MEAN+ ( ! AN>*I/ ,IDEA1 A PROJECT PRIOR TO1 EV5 ?\< NOT FULLY DI/+UI%ABLE FROM1 JUDGM5TS ( PRACTICALITY1 & NECESS>Y 7,I BELIEVE7 BECAUSE ! DEGREE TO :I* AN AN>*I/ P]SPECTIVE RE/RUCTURES P]CEPTION & ANTICIPATION ( HUMAN BE+1 ( SOCIETY1 & ( HI/ORY1 IS R>ELY APPRECIAT$ SUFFICI5TLY4 

7,SOMETIMES ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( AN>*ISM DISCUSS$ H]E >E EXPRESS$1 BY AN>*I/S & O!RS1 AS ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,?IS IS AN UNHAPPY MODE ( EXPRESSION1 FIR/ BECAUSE ANTI-AU?ORIT>IANISM IS PR(ESS$ BY NUM]\S & DIV]SE POLITICAL GR\PS2 SECOND BECAUSE !RE >E =MS ( AU?ORITY ?AT DO NOT 5TAIL P[] OV] P]SONS2 ?IRD BECAUSE AU?ORITY IS ?AT TO :I* P[] PRET5DS & :I* ITS IDEOLOGY CLAIMS = IT2 & = O!R REASONS4 ,AU?ORITY ?AT IS SPECIFICALLY & VOLUNT>ILY DELEGAT$ IS NOT P[]-OV]-P]SONS1 AL?\< IT MAY BE CONV]T$ TO SU* P[]4 ,RECOGNITION ( ! AU?ORITY ( TE*NICAL COMPET5CE IS NOT SUBMISSION TO P[]1 UNLESS ! TE*NICALLY COMPET5T >E P]MITT$ TO DET]M9E 5DS AS WELL AS MEANS1 OR TO DET]M9E MEANS 9 A FA%ION ?AT DET]M9ES 5DS4 ,! AU?ORITY ( EA* 9 HIS OR H] [N SPH]E ( ACTIVITY IS A WAY ( 5UNCIAT+ ! FRE$OM ( EA*4 ,ANALYSIS ( AU?ORITY1 TO DI/+UI% ! G5U9E FROM ! SPURI\S1 HAS BE5 LACK+ 9 AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE2 ! PROBLEM IS MET SQU>ELY BY ,GIOVANNI ,BALDELLI'S ,SOCIAL ,AN>*ISM1 ,N4 ,Y43 ,A!RTON ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#a4 FROM :I* ,I HAVE LE>N$ MU*47 

,AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM 

,P]SONS FAMILI> ) E>LY ,M>X MI<T SUGGE/ ?AT ,I HAVE JU/ DESCRIB$ UNCORRUPT$ ,M>XISM4 ,! MATT] IS WOR? PURSUIT BO? = ITS [N SAKE -- S9CE ,I BELIEVE ,M>XISM & AN>*ISM TO REPRES5T TRULY BASIC ALT]NATIVES -- & 9 ORD] TO BR+ \T O!R IMPORTANT DIM5SIONS ( ! AN>*I/ ,IDEA1 ESPECIALLY ITS TEMPORALITY4 

,M>X MI<T BE CALL$ A PHILOSOPHICAL AN>*I/ 9 ! S5SE ( ! PHRASE ?AT SIGNIFIES AFFIRMATION ( AN>*Y AS AN IDEAL )\T PRES5T RELEVANCE4 ,! CONFLICT BETWE5 ,M>X & ! AN>*I/S 9 ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL MAKES IT CLE> ?AT ,M>X DID NOT 9 ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICE OR REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM %>E ! AN>*I/S' NEGATIVITY T[>D P[]4 ,HE DEM&$ CONTROL BY ! C5TRAL ORGANIZATION OV] ! SECTIONS2 HE 9SI/$ ON PROGRAMMATIC UNITY1 9 EFFECT ! 5=CEM5T ( AGREEM5T TO TRU?S ( A LEAD]%IP-ELITE2 HE DE/ROY$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL RA!R ?AN P]MIT IT TO BE AN ASSOCIATION ( SOLID>ITY 9 DIV]SITY2 HE EMPHATICALLY REJECT$ ! AN>*I/ !SIS ?AT ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE WAS A PRES5T CONC]N4 ,AN>*I/ CRITICISM ( ,M>XISM1 9 ADDITION TO UNJU/LY ,ID5TIFY+ ,M>X ) LAT] DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM1 SOMETIMES OV]/RESSES ! HI/ORICAL P]SONAGE ,K>L ,M>X BUT1 BESIDES =E%AD[+ ! POLITICAL & IDEOLOGICAL PRACTICE ( FUTURE SOCIALISM1 9CLUD+ ! ,L59I/ MONOLI?S1 HIS BEHAVIOR REFLECTS HIS CONCEPTION ( P[] & FRE$OM4 

,! IDEALS SOMETIMES 7NOT SO V]Y FREQU5TLY7 AFFIRM$ 9 ,M>XISM MAY NOT BE SIGNIFICANTLY OPPOS$ TO ?OSE ( AN>*ISM2 BUT = ALL ! TIME BETWE5 ! PRES5T &1 9 ,M>XISM1 ! EV5TUAL REALIZATION ( ! IDEAL !RE IS SY/EMATIC V>IANCE4 ,= ,M>X AS = ,M>XISM1 NO-P[]1 TO ! EXT5T ACKN[L$G$1 IS BEYOND ,HI/ORY1 :ILE = AN>*I/S IT IS )9 ,HI/ORY1 )9 ! PRES5T1 IMMAN5T AS POT5TIALITY 9 ! PRES5T4 

,AN>*ISM PROVIDES1 AS ,I HAVE 9DICAT$1 A CRITIQUE ( ! POLITICS ( LIB]ATION ITSELF -- A CRITIQUE ?AT ONLY A FEW ,M>XI/S HAVE ATTEMPT$4 ,BASIC TO ,M>XISM IS ! VIEW ?AT ECONOMIC P[] IS ! KEY TO A LIB]ATION ( :I* ! P[] ( A P>TY1 ! P[] ( GOV]NM5T1 & ! P[] ( A SPECIFIC CLASS >E 7OR >E TO BE7 9/RUM5TS4 ,BASIC TO AN>*ISM IS ! OPPOS+ VIEW ?AT ! ABOLITION ( DOM9ION & TYRANNY DEP5DS UPON !IR NEGATION1 9 ?\<T & :5 POSSIBLE ACTION1 9 EV]Y =M & AT EV]Y /EP1 FROM N[ ON1 PROGRESSIVELY1 BY EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL & GR\P1 9 MOVEM5TS ( LIB]ATION AS WELL AS ELSE:]E1 NO MATT] ! /ATE ( CONSCI\SNESS ( 5TIRE SOCIAL CLASSES4 ,?US1 AN>*I/S SEE 9 ,M>XISM AN ILLUSION ( LIB]ATION & ! CREATION ( NEW /RUCTURES ( P[] ?AT =EV] DEF] IT & ?AT NULLIFY SPONTANE\S LIB]ATIONS BRIEFLY TOL]AT$4 ,CORRELATIVELY1 9 ! AN>*I/ VIEW ! *OICES & ACTIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS >E IMPORTANT = ?OSE P]SONS1 = !IR MILIEU1 & = ALL ( US2 9 ! VIEW ( ,M>XI/S1 COLLECTIVITIES & !IR ACTIONS ALONE HAVE SIGNIFICANCE1 >E ALONE OBJECTIVELY REAL 7?IS HAS TURN$ \T TO BE ! OP]ATIONAL MEAN+ ( ,M>X'S FAM\S ,FEU]BA*-!SIS ON ! 9DIVIDUAL74 

,CONGRU5TLY ) !ORY1 ! /RATEGIES ( ,M>XI/ MOVEM5TS HAVE BE5 /RATEGIES = CONQUE/ & USE ( P[]1 /RATEGIES ( AFFIRMATION ( POLITICS4 ,9 EV]Y C\NTRY RUL$ BY ,M>XI/S ! BASIC POLITICS1 I4E4 ! BASIC /RUCTURES ( /ATE1 HAVE BE5 P]PETUAT$1 OR IF 9 COLLAPSE RE9/ITUT$ & REVIVIFI$1 A FACT ?AT L5DS SUPPORT TO ! CLAIM ?AT AN>*ISM IS ! ONLY SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY ?AT ASS]TS AN ALT]NATIVE TO ! POLITICS ( P[]4 7,( ! V>I\S LIB]ALISMS1 ! AN>*I/ CRITIQUE NE$ NOT BE SPELL$ \T47 

,9 ! LI<T ( ! PREC$+1 C]TA9 FAMILI> ,M>XI/ POLEMICS AGA9/ AN>*ISM CAN BE SUBJECT$ TO 9V]SION3 ! RESULT IS POLEMICAL ALSO BUT P]HAPS NOT UNFAIR4 ,RA!R ?AN AN>*ISM1 IT MAY BE ,M>XISM1 ) ITS VISION ( PO/-HI/ORICAL TRANSC5D5CE1 ?AT IS APOCALYPTIC & UTOPIAN4 ,AN>*ISM RA!R ?AN ,M>XISM MAY BE CAPABLE ( SU/A9+ A CONCEPTION ( G5U9E SOCIAL DIALECTIC1 = ,M>X'S !ORY ( SUP]/RUCTURE & ! PRIMACY ( IMP]SONAL ECONOMIC =CES 9HIBITS1 IF IT DOES NOT 5TIRELY RULE \T1 AN APPREH5SION ( CONT9U\S 9T]PLAY AMONG ! MANY >5AS ( POLITICS & LIB]ATION4 ,IT MAY BE AN>*ISM ?AT IMPLIES ! MORE COMPLETE VIEW ( AN?ROPOS BECAUSE IT DOES NOT BY AB/RACTION OBSCURE & IGNORE ! PSY*OLOGY & ! N[ SO IMPORTANT SOCIOLOGY ( P[]4 ,& IT MAY BE NOT AN>*ISM BUT ,M>XISM1 ) ITS ECONOC5TRISM1 ITS CONTROLL+ DIALECTIC ( TE*NOLOGY & PROP]TY1 ?AT IS SIMPLI/IC & NAIVE4 

,9 ! SECTION ?AT FOLL[S1 P>T ( ! MEAN+ ( ! ABOVE !SES WILL BE DEVELOP$4 

,! ,NEW ,RELEVANCE ( ,AN>*ISM 

,REC5T REVIVAL ( 9T]E/ 9 AN>*ISM1 & ! T5D5CY ( SOME ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN & ,WE/]N ,EUROPEAN ,M>XI/S TO REVISE ,M>XISM 9 LIB]T>IAN DIRECTIONS1 ALL[ EXPLANATION 9 T]MS ( ! PRES5T DISCUSSION4 

,FIR/1 AN>*ISM IS ! NATURAL G5]IC EXPRESSION = ! MANY P>TICUL> MOVEM5TS ( LIB]ATION1 9CLUD+ A NUMB] ?AT HAVE EM]G$ 9 =CE ONLY REC5TLY4 ,AS SU* A G5]IC ,IDEA1 AN>*ISM IMPLIES !SE LIB]ATIONS1 & MO/ L9ES ( >GUM5T AGA9/ P>TICUL> P[]-&-DOM9ANCE RELATIONS T5D CONV]SELY TO G5]ALIZE TO ! AN>*I/ POSITION4 ,NOT M]ELY AW>5ESS ( TW5TIE? C5TURY EXT5SIONS ( /ATE-P[]1 !RE=E1 HAS GIV5 AN>*ISM CONTEMPOR>Y RELEVANCE BO? = RADICAL Y\? & = V>I\S 9TELLECTUALS & SOCIAL PHILOSOPH]S4 

,AN>*ISM DOES MORE ?AN UNIFY ! MANY !MES ( LIB]ATION4 ,= ?OSE :O SUSPECT ?AT P[] RA!R ?AN WEAL? MAY BE ! ROOT ( OPPRESSION1 & ?AT P[] MAY BE ! MORE COMPREH5SIVE CONCEPT1 AN>*ISM (F]S A FRAMEWORK ( EXPLANATION4 ,M>XI/ HAVE G5]ALLY D]IV$ RACISM FROM ! 9T]E/ ( ! WEAL?Y CLASSES 9 DIVID+ ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE AGA9/ ONE ANO!R2 ONE DOES NOT HAVE TO D5Y ?IS 9T]PRETATION ALL VALIDITY TO SEE ?AT ! PSY*OLOGY ( SOCIAL OR E?NIC DOM9ATION1 = ! SAKE ( DOM9ATION1 MAY BE A DEEP] !ME4 ,IT HAS BE5 DIFFICULT1 9 VIEW ( ! IMP]IALI/ ACTIONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN /ATE1 TO ATTRIBUTE IMP]IALISM & W>S TO ECONOMIC & PR(IT CONSID]ATIONS PRIM>ILY4 ,9 MANY O!R SPH]ES1 ! SPH]E ( LIB]ATION 9CLUD$1 WE SEE P[] S\<T AFT] FROM MOTIVES DEEP] ?AN A !ORY C5T]$ UPON ECONOMICS ACC\NTS =2 :ILE A !ORY C5T]+ UPON P[] IS CAPABLE ( EXPLA9+ ALSO ! SEEM+LY IRRATIONAL 9T5SITY ( ACQUISITIVE BEHAVIOR4 

,?IRD1 IT IS BECOM+ ,9CREAS+LY APP>5T ?AT TO SPEAK AB\T A RUL+ CLASS 9 ! PRES5T ]A IS TOTALLY 9ADEQUATE4 ,NATIONALLY & 9T]NATIONALLY1 ! ECONOMICS ( CAPITALI/ DI/RIBUTION RETA9S ITS DISPROPORTIONALITY ( WEAL? & POV]TY BUT N[ P[] IS CORPORATE & BUREAUCRATIC4 ,EV5 ?AT /ATEM5T FALLS %ORT1 & PHRASES LIKE 'MILIT>Y-9DU/RIAL COMPLEX' SEEM 9ELUCTABLY APT4 ,9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS FACE ELABORATE /RUCTURES ( P[]1 NATIONAL & TRANSNATIONAL1 & !IR SELF-S5SE1 EV5 AT RELATIVELY HI< LEVELS ( PRIVILEGE1 IS LIKELY TO BE ONE ( P[]LESSNESS1 HELPLESSNESS1 9SECURITY4 ,! CLASS ?AT RULES IS NOT EXACTLY A CLASS ( P]SONS BUT MORE LIKE AN 9/ITUTIONAL COMPLEX :OSE ADM9I/RATIVE & MANAG]IAL TE*NICIANS WORK1 ONE MAY SAY ) ONLY SLI<T EXAGG]ATION1 TO JOB-DESCRIPTION4 ,EV5 IF WE DEF9E ?IS P]SONNEL1 TOGE!R ) ! MAJOR B5EFICI>Y 9DIVIDUALS & FAMILIES1 AS ! RUL+ CLASS1 IT REMA9S NONE!LESS1 9 ! ,U4,S4,A4 AS 9 ! ,U4,S4,S4,R41 AN IMP]SONAL P[] ) REPLACEABLE FIGUREHEADS4 ,! P[] DEM&S ( ! ,AM]ICAN '#f'S EXPRESS$ A S5SE ( CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY'S1 NOT ,AM]ICA'S ALONE1 C5TRAL PROBLEMATIC3 ! AB/RACTION ( P[] FROM P]SONS 9 ! =M ( BUREAUCRATIC SOCIETY1 MANAG]IAL SOCIETY1 ETC4 ,AN>*ISM BECOMES MORE PLA9LY RELEVANT :5 P[] ITSELF1 NOT ?IS GR\P OR ?AT CLASS ( P]SONS1 REVEALS ITSELF AS ! TRU? ( ! NATION-/ATE & ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALISM & NATIONALI/IC SOCIALISM1 & :5 P[] RA!R ?AN WEAL? IS ! PRIME IMAGE ( SUCCESS1 ! ONE MODEL PRES5T$ = EMULATION4 

,F\R?1 FROM MANY S\RCES HAVE COME REASONS TO BELIEVE ?AT ANY !ORY ?AT F9DS ! SECRET ( HUMAN LIB]ATION 9 SOME?+ SO SPECIFIC AS ! POLITICS ( PROP]TY NEGLECTS ! 9T]DEP5D5CE ( ! MANY LIB]ATIONS4 ,EA* SPECIES ( DOM9ANCE & P[] RE9=CES O!R SPECIES1 DIRECTLY 9 WAYS ?AT CAN BE MAPP$ SOCIOLOGICALLY1 9DIRECTLY BY REQUIR+ & 5G5D]+ HABITS ( RULE &_/OR SUBMISSION4 ,*ILDR5 :O HAVE UND]GONE HI]>*ICALLY /RUCTUR$ FAMILIES & S*OOLS WILL BE MO/ =TUNATE IF 5ABL$ BY C\NT]VAIL+ EXP]I5CES TO AFFIRM !MSELVES !REAFT] 9 NON-P[]-/RUCTUR$ SITUATIONS1 OR TO RELATE FREELY & RESPONSIBLY AS P]SONS ) P]SONS1 OR TO RESI/ P[] RATIONALLY RA!R ?AN BY BRIEF REBELLION4 ,SOLID>ITY AMONG1 PR(ESS$LY ANTAGONI/IC GR\PS AGA9/ *ALL5GE FROM BEL[ -- ! SOLID>ITY ( UNION (FICIALS & CORPORATE MANAG]S1 TO NAME A FAMILI> TYPE -- IS 9 /RIK+ CONTRA/ TO ! NORMAL & SELF-DEFEAT+ NON-SOLID>ITY1 MO/ (T5 MUTUAL HO/ILITY1 ( OPPRESS$ GR\PS FROM DIFF]5T CATEGORIES4 ,AS WE PROCE$ MORE DEEPLY 9TO A WORLD ( ,9/ITUTIONAL MANAGEM5T ( HUMAN EXI/5CE1 & 9 ?AT EVOLUTION MI<T BE APPROA*+1 IF WE HAVE NOT ALREADY PASS$1 A PO9T ( NO RETURN1 QUE/IONS ( LIB]ATION 9CREAS+LY REVEAL !MSELVES AS A S+LE ISSUE ( MANIFOLD HUMAN LIB]ATION4 

,FIF?1 ! 9T]DEP5D5CE ( ! MANY LIB]ATIONS SUGGE/S ?AT HUMAN LIB]ATION MU/ BE A CONT9U\S PROCESS & ?AT ! AN>*I/ ME?OD ( SEEK+ TO TRANS=M QUALITATIVELY ! SC5E ( ONE'S LIFE1 ( TRY+ TO CREATE SPH]ES ( FRE$OM1 EV5 :5 ONE CANNOT AFFECT L>GE SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS ( PROP]TY & GOV]NM5T DIRECTLY1 MAY BE A MEAN+FUL & NECESS>Y P>T ( A MULTIDIM5SIONAL PROCESS ( LIB]ATION 9 :I* MANY >E ACTIVE 9 V>I$ & P>TICUL> WAYS4 ,?IS CAN BE EXPRESS$ BY SAY+ ?AT AN>*ISM PROPOSES ! CONT9U\S REALIZATION ( FRE$OM 9 ! LIVES ( EA* & AIL1 BO? = ITS 9TR9SIC1 IMM$IATE VALUES & = ITS MORE REMOTE EFFECTS1 ! LATT] UNPR$ICTABLE BECAUSE !Y DEP5D ON ! UNPR$ICTABLE BEHAVIORS ( P]SONS NOT KN[N & ( NONP]SONAL HI/ORICAL PROCESSES4 

,NEV]!LESS1 AN>*ISM REMA9S EXTRAORD9>ILY DIFFICULT TO ADOPT O!R ?AN PHILOSOPHICALLY1 I4E41 9TELLECTUALLY1 = IT MAKES A SEV]E DIALECTICAL DEM&3 ?AT P]SONS 5VISION & F9D WAYS TO OV]COME A CONDITION ( OBJECTIVE & SUBJECTIVE P[]LESSNESS & FUTILITY1 NOT BY SEEK+ P[] OR PLANN+ ITS SEIZURE1 OR BY PLEAD+ ) P[]1 & SO ON1 :I* >E ! WAYS ( POLITICS & ! WAYS ALSO BY :I* PEOPLE ATTEMPT TO COPE ) EV]YDAY OPPRESSIONS1 FRU/RATIONS1 & RES5TM5TS1 BUT BY NEGAT+ P[] ABSOLUTELY & *OOS+ P[]LESSNESS4 7,*OICE ( P[]LESSNESS DOES NOT1 H[EV]1 IMPLY PASSIVITY OR LACK ( MILITANCY4 ,AN>*ISM & ,TAOISM HAVE MU* 9 COMMON -- BUT AN>*ISM IS NOT A WAY ( M]ELY P]SONAL SALVATION47 ,! DEM& IS SEV]E1 GIV51 9 ! ,U4,S4,A4 = SPECIFIC EXAMPLE1 A SOCIETY ?AT IS B>R5 ( PUBLIC IDEAS O!R ?AN ! P[]-ORI5T$2 GIV5 A PREVAIL+ E?ICS ?AT ALL[S ONE TO DO :ATEV] ONE WANTS SO LONG AS NO ONE IS HURT V]Y DIRECTLY2 GIV5 ?AT AU!NTIC MODELS ( LIB]TY1 9DIVIDUALITY1 & FREE COOP]ATION >E SC>CE2 GIV5 A SUP]FICIAL BUT MALIGNANT PESSIMISM AB\T HUMAN BE+2 GIV5 A COMPLEX ( OV]LAPP+ HI]>*IES SU* ?AT ALL BUT A FEW PEOPLE >E RELATIVELY SUP]B R TO O!RS :O >E 9/ITUTIONALLY 9F]IOR2 GIV5 A COMMUNICATIONS TE*NOLOGY ?AT PROVIDES A YE>-R\ND CIRCUS ( POLITICS = ! 5T]TA9M5T & MY/IFICATION ( ! CITIZ5RY2 GIV5 ! RAGE1 HATR$1 FE>1 5VY ?AT P]VADE ! NATION4 ,AL?\< ! Y\?-RADICAL MOVEM5TS ( ! LATE '#f'S 9 ! ,U4,S4,A4 EXHIBIT$ SO MANY FAMILI> !MES ( AN>*ISM ?AT ! ,MOVEM5T MI<T BE DESCRIB$ AS PROTOAN>*I/1 A PLAUSIBLE 9T]PRETATION ( ITS COLLAPSE IS ?AT 7MA9LY UNACKN[L$G$1 (T5 MAGICAL7 EXPECTATIONS ( P[]1 EV5 ( 9/ANT P[]1 W]E UNFULFILL$4 ,NEO-,M>XISMS ?AT RETA9 A BASIC AFFIRMATION ( P[] & A REASSUR+ VISION ( P[]-?R\<-HI/ORY1 :ILE SEEK+ TO QUALIFY !MSELVES BY 9CORPORAT+ LIB]T>IAN !MES1 MAKE LESS] PSY*OLOGICAL & E?ICAL DEM&S4 

,:E!R1 9 A SOCIETY 7& WORLD7 9 :I* ! REALITY & IDEALITY ( P[] >E UBIQUIT\S1 AN>*ISM1 9 ! S5SE ( G5]IC LIB]ATION1 CAN HAVE MEAN+ O!R ?AN TO BE A WAY ( LIFE = A SMALL NUMB]1 W\LD SEEM TO DEP5D ON ! POSSIBILITY ?AT ! TRANSC5D5CE ( P[]1 I4E41 9TEGRAL FRE$OM1 BECOMES BY MANY P]SONS CONCRETELY IMAG9ABLE1 CONCRETELY ?9KABLE1 AS ! RESOLUTION & LIQUIDATION ( ! P[]-&-P[]LESSNESS POL>ITY4 ,BECAUSE SU* A CONSCI\SNESS HAS NEV] YET BE5 REALIZ$ ON A L>GE SOCIAL SCALE1 ) ! P>TIAL EXCEPTION ( A C]TA9 P]IOD 9 ,SPA91 ITS POT5TIALITIES HAVE NEV] BE5 TE/$4 ,BUT ! *OICE ( P[]LESSNESS1 ! *OICE1 IF RUN ONE MU/1 TO RUN ) ! H>ES & NOT ) ! H\NDS1 &1 BEYOND ?AT1 ! *OICE TO REJECT SU* DEF9ITION ( OPTIONS1 IS A *OICE OP5 TO EA* P]SON AS A LIFE-*OICE1 & ITS 9TR9SIC MEAN+S >E NOT 9VALIDAT$ EI!R BY *OICES O!RS MAKE OR BY V]DICTS ( M9DLESS ,HI/ORY4 

,AN>*I/ ,E?ICS 

7A4 ,AN>*I/ ,PR9CIPLE7 

,I %\LD LIKE N[ TO BEG9 TO PRES5T C]TA9 IMPLICATIONS ( AN AN>*I/ VIEW ( P[] & LIB]ATION4 

,9 !ORIES JU/IFICATORY ( AN>*ISM ONE 5C\NT]S A CONFUS+ V>IETY ( E?ICAL >GUM5TS -- A V>IETY ATTRIBUTABLE 9 P>T BUT NOT 5TIRELY TO ! AU?ORS' DESIRE TO EMPHASIZE EI!R ! !ME ( 9DIVIDUALITY OR ! !ME ( SOCIALITY4 ,9 AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS & ! LIVES ( AN>*I/S1 H[EV]1 ONE F9DS SOME?+ SIMPL] -- A CONSI/5T EMPHASIS UPON PR9CIPLES & ACTION FROM PR9CIPLE4 ,H]E9 ,I BELIEVE LIES A KEY TO ! E?ICAL MEAN+S ( AN>*ISM4 

,TO ! B\RGEOIS1 AN>*I/ PR9CIPLE SIGNIFIES FANATICISM1 TO ,M>XI/S AN UNREALI/IC & IRRESPONSIBLE UNADAPTIBILITY TO OBJECTIVE CIRCUM/ANCE & HI/ORICAL NECESSITY4 ,ON PR9CIPLE AN>*I/S AB/A9 FROM ALL ELECTIONS1 REFUSE TO =M OR SUPPORT POLITICAL P>TIES OR P>TY-LIKE ORGANIZATIONS1 REFUSE TO APPEAL TO OR ACCEPT ! AID ( GOV]NM5T TO A*IEVE IMM$IATE DESIR$ 5DS1 REFUSE TO ACCEPT POSITIONS ( P[]1 OPPOSE & SEEK ! D[NFALL ( LIB]AL AS WELL AS OV]TLY TYRANNICAL /ATES1 OPPOSE ALL W>S & RESI/ MILIT>Y S]VICE1 REFUSE TO BE M>RI$ BY /ATE OR *UR*1 & SO ON4 ,AN>*I/S REFUSE TO RECOGNIZE LAWS1 C\RTS1 & POLICE AU?ORITIES1 REFUSE TO DEF5D !MSELVES BY ACCEPT$ LEGAL PROC$URES4 ,AN>*I/S MAKE A PR9CIPLE ( DIRECT 7I4E41 P]SONAL & NON-M$IAT$7 ACTION1 A PR9CIPLE ( SOLID>ITY1 A PR9CIPLE ( P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY4 ,9 G5]AL ! WORD 'COMPROMISE' MEANS = AN>*I/S COMPROMISE ( PR9CIPLES1 & HAS ONLY PEJORATIVE CONNOTATIONS4 ,! CONCLUSION W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO AVOID1 ?AT ?IS 9FLEXIBILITY IS SOMEH[ 9TR9SIC TO AN>*ISM4 

,ACTION FROM PR9CIPLE HAS 9 DIFF]5T CONTEXTS V]Y DIFF]5T MEAN+S4 ,9 ! AN>*I/ CONTEXT !SE V>I\S PR9CIPLES1 ?IS ATTA*M5T TO PR9CIPLE1 ?IS E?ICS & POLITICS ( /RICT 7BUT NOT ABSOLUTE7 PR9CIPLE1 ALL ?IS BECOMES 9TELLIGIBLE & COH]5T :5 ! V>I\S PR9CIPLES >E REF]R$ TO A S+LE PR9CIPLE1 ?AT ONE %\LD NEI!R EX]CISE NOR SUBMIT TO P[] OV] P]SONS1 EI!R BY COLLECTIVITIES OR P]SONS2 ) ! CORRELATIVE BELIEF ?AT ! D[NFALL ( P[] DEP5DS UPON ACTION FROM ?IS PR9CIPLE4 ,BY ?IS 9T]PRETATION1 NEGATION ( P[] CAN BE DESCRIB$ AS ! PR9CIPLE-(-PR9CIPLES ( AN>*I/ ACTION3 9 ! 5D1 P]HAPS IT IS1 OR %\LD BE CONCEIV$ AS ! ONLY PR9CIPLE4 

7,IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE ?AT ! PR9CIPLES M5TION$ >E NE>LY ALL NEGATIVE PR9CIPLES4 ,PLA9LY !Y CALL = ! SUPPLEM5T ( CONCRETE ALT]NATIVE ACTIONS FITT$ TO CIRCUM/ANCES1 & AN AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ?AT KN[S NO?+ BUT ITS NEGATIVE PR9CIPLES IS A MOVEM5T 9 DECAY47 

,I BELIEVE ?AT ! C5TRAL AN>*I/ PR9CIPLE IS BE/ UND]/OOD 9 9T]CONNECTION ) C]TA9 MORE G5]AL IDEAS3 ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ! BASIC SOCIAL REALITY2 ?AT 9DIVIDUAL VOLUNT>Y CONS5T IS ! GR\ND ( COOP]ATION 7GIV+ ONE'S WORD1 9 ! TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS1 IS ! BOND ?AT UNITES72 ?AT EV]YONE1 ONESELF NOT EXCEPT$1 IS RESPONSIBLE = !IR ACTIONS2 ?AT SOCIAL FRE$OM DEP5DS ON ! SELF-DISCIPL9E ( EA*2 & ?AT ! ASSUMPTION ( P[] OR SUBMISSION TO P[] 9 ANY SPH]E ( HUMAN ACTIVITY IS A NEGATION ( ! FUNDAM5TAL REALITY ( 9DIVIDUALS1 A NEGATION 9TR9SICALLY 9CAPABLE ( (FSET BY O!R TYPES ( CONSID]ATIONS4 ,!SE IDEAS >E1 ,I W\LD >GUE1 EXI/5TIALLY AL?\< NOT =MALLY RECIPROCAL1 & >E IMPLICIT 9 ! NEGATION ( P[]-OV]P]SONS AS PRES5T$ 9 ,SECTION ,I,I ABOVE4 7,! >GUM5T W\LD BE DIFFICULT & W\LD PROBABLY TURN ON EXPLICATION ( '9DIVIDUAL AS BASIC SOCIAL REALITY4' ,H]E ,I NOTE ONLY ?AT 'BASIC SOCIAL REALITY' DOES NOT 5TAIL 'BASIC METAPHYSICAL REALITY4'7 

7B4 ,P[] & ,VIOL5CE2 ,FRAT]NITY & ,LOVE7 

,9 TWO >EAS BESIDES ! QUE/ION ( PROP]TY -- :I* WILL BE DISCUSS$ SEP>ATELY -- AN>*I/S HAVE DIFF]$ %>PLY AB\T PR9CIPLES4 ,! DISPUTE BETWE5 AN>*I/S :O DI/RU/ =MAL ORGANIZATION1 AN>*I/ AS WELL AS O!R1 & = :OM ! T]M 'ORGANIZATION' IS PEJORATIVE1 & ?OSE :O HOLD ORGANIZATION TO BE ESS5TIAL1 W\LD SEEM *IEFLY TO REPRES5T A DIFF]5CE 9 SOCIOLOGICAL & PSY*OLOGICAL JUDGM5T1 DISGUIS$ BY SEMANTICS ( 'ORGANIZATION' & 'ASSOCIATION1' AS TO CONDITIONS UND] :I* ! 9DIVIDUAL IS LO/ & P[] EM]GES4 ,NO FUNDAM5TAL QUE/IONS ( E?ICS SEEM IMPLICAT$4 

,! O!R >EA1 DEEPLY PROBLEMATIC1 IS ?AT ( PACIFISM1 VIOL5CE1 & REVOLUTION4 ,! MA9 AN>*I/ TRADITION HAS BE5 REVOLUTION>Y 9 A S5SE ?AT 5DORSES VIOL5CE AS A MEANS ( RESI/+ & DE/ROY+ ! APP>ATUS ( =CE & VIOL5CE BY :I* P[] IS MA9TA9$4 7,?AT ! FREE SOCIETY %\LD BE NONVIOL5T IS AGRE$47 ,)9 ! FRAMEWORK ( AN>*I/ PR9CIPLE1 IT CAN BE >GU$ REASONABLY ?AT VIOL5CE AGA9/ AN OPPRESSOR :O MA9TA9S HIS POSITION BY VIOL5CE IS NOT ITSELF AN ACT ( OPPRESSION S9CE ONE DOES NOT SEEK TO 7& WILL NOT7 5?RALL$ OR BR+ 9TO SUBJECTION ?AT P]SON4 ,! VIOL5CE-AFFIRM+ OR VIOL5CE-CONDON+ T5D5CY W\LD SEEM TO BE ASS]T+ ?AT NEGATION ( MA/]_/S]VANT 7SLAVE7 RELATION%IPS TAKES PRIORITY OV] ! CLAIMS TO RESPECT = LIFE ( ?OSE :O 9SI/ ON BE+ MA/]S &1 BY VIOL5CE1 DIRECT OR 9DIRECT1 MAKE ?AT 9SI/5CE GOOD4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 MAJOR SOCIAL OPPRESSION DEF5DS ITSELF USUALLY BY HIR$ OR CONSCRIPT 9/RUM5TS -- &1 :5 DEFEAT$1 BY =EIGN >MIES4 ,ALL !SE P]SONS >E OPPRESSORS 9 !IR 9/RUM5TAL ROLES1 & SUBJECT TO S$UCTION & CORRUPTION BY ?OSE ROLES1 YET MANY 9 !IR [N WAY >E VICTIMS4 

,H]E ! AN>*I/ :O ACCEPTS VIOL5CE IS BEYOND CLE> GUIDANCE ( PR9CIPLE4 ,EV5 9 ITS T]RORI/ PHASES1 H[EV]1 AN>*I/ VIOL5CE HAS ALMO/ ALWAYS BE5 DIRECT$ EXPRESSLY & SCRUPUL\SLY AGA9/ PR9CIPALS OR EXECUTIVES ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC OPPRESSION1 SO ?AT1 BY COMP>ISON ) ! ANTICIVILIAN T]ROR-W>F>E ( GOV]NM5TS1 OR NATIONALI/ GU]RILLA W>F>E1 OR R\T9E POLICE T]RORISM 9 C\NTLESS NATIONS1 TO SAY NO?+ ( ! SAVAGE REPRISAL TAK5 UPON DEFEAT$ WORK+ CLASSES ALL ?R\< HI/ORY1 AN>*I/ T]RORISM IS RIDICUL\SLY MISNAM$4 ,PREVAL5CE ( AN E?ICS ( PR9CIPLE1 RA!R ?AN A UTILIT>IANISM ?AT L5DS ITSELF TO SELFDECEPTION1 MAY BE A MAJOR GR\ND = ?IS 7SELF-7 CONTROL2 :ILE ! C5T]+ ( PR9CIPLE 9 P[]-NEGATION RULES \T ! TAK+ ( HO/AGES OR O!R 9/RUM5TAL TREATM5TS ( P]SONS ?AT >E ! USUAL TRANSITION FROM RESI/ANCE TO MILIT>IZ$ W>F>E4 ,! BREAKD[N ( AN>*I/ PR9CIPLE 9 ! ,SPANI% AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T1 ESPECIALLY DUR+ ! CIVIL W> & REVOLUTION1 IS A L>GE & COMPLEX TOPIC 9TO :I* ,I CANNOT 5T] H]E4 

,9 TW5TIE? C5TURY AN>*ISM1 NOT M]ELY )9 ! ,TOL/OYAN TRADITION1 PACIFISM HAS BE5 AN IMPORTANT M9ORIT>IAN T5D5CY4 ,:E!R EVOLUTION>Y OR NONVIOL5TLY REVOLUTION>Y1 PACIFI/ AN>*ISM ASS]TS ?AT VIOL5CE IS EV5 CLE>] NEGATION ( HUMAN BE+ ?AN IS P[]1 IS P]HAPS EV5 ! G5US ( P[]1 & 9TRODUCES 9TO AN>*ISM A CONCEPT ( LOVE MU* /RONG] ?AN ! FRAT]NITY ( ! MA9 TRADITION -- UNIV]SAL1 BECAUSE UNLIKE FRAT]NITY NOT RE/RICT$ TO SOLID>ITY ( ! OPPRESS$ -- & T5DS !REBY TO TRANS=M ! CONCEPT ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! CONCEPT ( FRE$OM4 ,LOVE WILL !N BE ! ULTIMATE POSITIVE CONCEPT1 OPPOSITE TO VIOL5CE4 ,I ?9K ?AT ONE CAN SAY ?AT AN AN>*I/1 ( :ATEV] SPECIFIC P]SUASION1 :O DOES NOT FEEL 7MORE ?AN ?9K7 SU* LOVE & NONVIOL5CE AS ULTIMATE VALUES HAS NOT FULLY EXP]I5C$ ! MEAN+ ( AN>*ISM1 AL?\< LOVE & NONVIOL5CE >E NOT EASILY LIV$ 9 ! MID/ ( ! OPPRESSION & SUFF]+ ( O!RS4 ,9 A S5SE1 !RE=E1 ! MOTION ( AN>*ISM T[>D A FULL E?ICS ( LOVE1 AL?\< A MOTION 9TR9SIC TO ! ,IDEA1 REMA9S TO BE REALIZ$1 & MAY BE REALIZABLE ONLY 9 TRANSITION TO AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 

7C4 ,UTILIT>IANISM & ,AN>*ISM7 

,9 C]TA9 AN>*I/ !ORIES1 IT %\LD BE NOT$1 ONE F9DS 9/EAD ( APPEAL TO PR9CIPLE1 ESS5TIALLY UTILIT>IAN >GUM5TS AGA9/ ! /ATE1 BAS$ ON HI/ORICAL & SCI5TIFIC /UDIES1 ?AT W\LD HAVE NO MORE ?AN ANALOGICAL PRESUMPTION ( APPLICABILITY TO O!R P[]-RELATION%IPS4 ,! CONT5TIONS ( ,KROPOTK9 & ,ROCK]1 ?AT ! >TS & SCI5CES1 PEACE1 EVOLUTION>Y PROGRESS1 W\LD BE FAVOR$ BY ABOLITION ( ! NATION/ATE SUGGE/ ?AT ! QUE/ION ( POLITICAL DEC5TRALIZATION1 ANTI-/ATISM 9 A N>R[ S5SE1 MAY BE DI/9CT & SEP>ABLE FROM O!R QUE/IONS ( P[]1 & SU* WRIT]S HAVE T5D$ TO BE SOME:AT LESS =CEFUL 9 !IR CRITIQUE ( O!R =MS ( P[]4 7,BO? ,KROPOTK9 9 #aiad & ,ROCK] 9 #aici F\ND IT POSSIBLE TO SUPPORT ! ,ALLI$ GOV]NM5TS AT W>47 ,BOOK*9'S ECOLOGICAL JU/IFICATION ( AN>*ISM IS K9DR$ 9 ME?OD AL?\< HE IS RA!R MORE S5SITIVE TO O!R ISSUES4 

,) RESPECT TO AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS & !IR E?OS1 H[EV]1 ,I DO NOT SEE SU* SPECULATION AS F\NDATIONAL1 & ,I W\LD AGREE ) ,MALATE/A1 :OSE EXPLICIT VOLUNT>ISM MAY HAVE EXPRESS$ MO/ NE>LY ! SPIRIT ( ! HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T & ! AN>*I/ IDEA1 ?AT ,KROPOTK9 W\LD HAVE BE5 AN AN>*I/ EV5 IF HIS BIOLOGICAL & HI/ORICAL !ORIES HAD BE5 REFUT$4 ,IF SO1 ! UTILIT>IAN & HI/ORICAL >GUM5TS W\LD BE CONFIRMATORY OR1 P]HAPS1 A GR\ND RECOGNIZABLE & ACCEPTABLE TO P]SONS 9 ! MIDDLE-PRIVILEG$ /RATA ( SOCIETY1 = :OM ! P]SPECTIVE ( ! OPPRESS$1 :I* IS ! P]SPECTIVE ( AN>*ISM1 & ! ANG] ( ! OPPRESS$1 TO :I* AN>*ISM GIVES VOICE1 (T5 /RID5TLY1 MI<T O!RWISE BE /RANGE1 DISQUIET+ & FRI<T5+1 EV5 ABHORR5T4 ,D\BTFULLY W\LD SU* >GUM5TS SU/A9 ! PASSION 9VE/$ 9 ! ,IDEA1 A FAI? = :I* MANY HAVE GIV5 !IR LIVES4 

,! >GUM5TS :I* ,I SEE AS HAV+ PRIORITY >E1 RA!R ?AN UTILIT>IAN1 >GUM5TS ( MORALITY 7JU/ICE7 OR >GUM5TS ( FRE$OM1 OR1 :5 ! >GUM5T TAKES EUDEMONI/IC =M1 APPEAL TO ACTUALIZATION ( HUMAN BE+4 ,I AM NOT SUGGE/+ 9CONSI/5CY 9 AN AN>*ISM GR\ND$ 9 UTILIT>IANISM1 ESPECIALLY IF ! CONCEPT ( UTILITY IS BROAD2 ,I DO SUGGE/ ! UTILIT>IANISM1 WELL-SUIT$ TO DECISION-MAK+ 9 COLLECTIVI/ SOCIETIES & SY/EMS ( SOV]EIGNTY1 DOES NOT MU* L5D ITSELF TO EXPRESSION ( AN>*I/ 9T5T4 

7D4 ,! ,E?ICS ( ,FRE$OM7 

,! ROLE ( PR9CIPLE 9 AN>*I/ ?\<T & ACTION1 AS ,I UND]/& IT1 IS TO LIB]ATE ! POSITIVE E?ICAL LIFE ( HUMAN BE+S4 ,?US ! PR9CIPLE ( P[]-NEGATION IS RA!R A CON/ITUTIVE PR9CIPLE ( ! DESIR$ SOCIETY ?AN A RULE = LIFE )9 ?AT SOCIETY4 ,PUT MORE CONCRETELY3 AN AU!NTIC RELATION%IPS BETWE5 P]SONS1 AS UND]/OOD BY AN>*I/S1 PRESUPPOSES ! ABS5CE ( P[] ( SOME OV] O!RS1 BUT 'ABS5CE ( P[]' SAYS NO?+ POSITIVE AB\T ! CONT5T ( ?AT RELATION%IP1 & ?AT CONT5T WILL BE ! CREATION ( ?OSE P]SONS4 

,IF SU* IS ! MEAN+ ( AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES1 IT W\LD SEEM TO FOLL[ ?AT 9T]C\RSE 9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY W\LD BE CONDUCT$ UND] CONDITIONS ( VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T 7(T5 TACIT1 ( C\RSE7 & P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY-= ?IS SEEMS TO BE :AT ONE W\LD MEAN BY 'ABS5CE ( P[]4' ,FAI? 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 !N1 W\LD SIGNIFY FAI? ?AT1 9 ! ABS5CE ( /RUCTUR$ P[]1 ( DOM9ANT & SUBORD9ATE CLASSES1 & ( HABITS ( DEF]5CE TO AU?ORITY & EX]CISE ( P[]1 HUMAN BE+S CAN USE ! GIFT ( SPEE* & O!R SUBTLE =MS ( COMMUNICATION TO RESOLVE !IR ,9T]C\RSE 9TO MUTUALLY B5EFICIAL PATT]NS OR 9TO 9TELLIG5T CONFRONTATION & DISAGREEM5T & IF NECESS>Y PACIFIC DISASSOCIATION1 )\T NE$ = COMM&M5TS ( MORALITY4 

,ONE W\LD NOT1 H[EV]1 SAY ( SU* A SOCIETY ?AT IT IS PO/-E?ICAL -- AS ONE MI<T ( A ,M>XI/ SOCIETY1 AFT] ! /ATE HAS WI!R$ AT LA/1 9 :I* ! ECONOMIC =M ( COMMUNISM W\LD BE ! SOCIOLOGICAL REALIZATION ( ! E?ICAL4 ,( AN>*Y ONE MI<T SAY 9/EAD ?AT E?ICS HAD RESOLV$ ITSELF 9TO NEW HUMAN BE+1 A METAPHOR ?AT W\LD SIGNIFY ?AT FAI? & TRU/ ( P]SONS T[>D P]SONS1 RA!R ?AN CONT+5T MODES ( COOP]ATION1 W\LD BE ! VITAL C5T]4 ,PUT O!RWISE3 NO?+ SECURES AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 :E!R ( L>GE EXT5T OR ( COMMUNESIZE OR CONSI/+ ( JU/ TWO P]SONS1 EXCEPT CONT9U\S REALIZATION ( ! HUMAN POT5TIALITY = FREE AGREEM5T & DISAGREEM5T1 ALWAYS 9 RECOGNITION ( ! P]SONHOOD ( ! O!R4 ,IF AN>*ISM DOES NOT REMA9 CLE> TO ! LA/ ( ! 9/ITUTIONAL ?9K+ ?AT ,M>XI/S CALL MAT]IALI/1 IT MU/ F9ALLY BECOME 9COH]5T & ! 9DIVIDUALISM 7OR P]SONALISM7 ?AT1 TW9N$ ) ! CORRESPOND+ V]SION ( SOCIALITY1 IS ! S\L ( AN>*ISM1 W\LD BE ?REAT5$ ) EXT9CTION4 

,9 A SOCIETY ( HI]>*IES -- ( DISCRIM9ATIONS AGA9/ CLASSES OR CA/ES & CONDEMNATION ( V>I\S L>GE NUMB]S ( P]SONS TO P>TICUL> K9DS ( LIMIT$ EXI/5CE TO O!RS' ADVANTAGE -- CO]CIVE 9/ITUTIONAL MA*9]Y IS EV]Y?+ & ITS GU>ANTEE & 5=CEM5T BY /ATE-P[] IS ( ! SOCIAL ESS5CE4 ,IF WE ?9K ( VOLUNT>Y ACTION1 *OICE1 DECISION1 AUTONOMY1 AS C5TRAL TO ! MEAN+ ( BE+ HUMAN -- AS ! MA9 PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONS ASS]T -- !N AN>*ISM CAN BE UND]/OOD AS SEEK+ TO DISSOLVE ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS ( P[] ?AT MAKE LIFE-DECISIONS = US1 ?AT (F] TO SUB/ITUTE !MSELVES = \R FRE$OM & RELIEVE US ( BURD5S ( RESPONSIBILITY1 & DO SO :5EV] !Y SUCCESSFULLY CO]CE US TO ACCORD \R WILL TO !IR DEM&S4 ,!N1 AN>*ISM IS EXPRESSIVE ( A WILL TO RE/ORE1 &_/OR CREATE1 P]SONHOOD & HUMAN BE+2 :]EAS 9 SURR5D]+ TO OR EX]CIS+ DOM9ION ONE SUB/ITUTES = ONESELF AN 9/ITUTIONAL DEF9ITION4 AN 9/ITUTIONAL BE+1 ONE CEASES TO BE ONESELF4 ,IT WILL BE PLA91 ,I ?9K1 GIV5 !SE PREMISES1 ?AT BY VOLUNT>Y SURR5D] ( FRE$OM1 BY SUBMISSION TO A PROTECTORATE SU* AS ! ,HOBBESIAN /ATE IS CLAIM$ TO BE1 ONE YIELDS F> MORE ?AN ! EX]CISE ( C]TA9 LIB]TIES4 

,AN>*ISM AS ,NEGATIVE 

,IT MAY N[ BE CLE> :Y A NAME 7AN->*I/7 NEGATIVE BY ETYMOLOGY IS APPROPRIATE TO ! IMPORT ( AN>*ISM4 

,?IS APPROPRIAT5ESS CAN BE ILLU/RAT$ ) RESPECT TO A FAMILI> SPECIES ( P[]1 ?AT ( RACIAL OPPRESSION4 ,IF ! ?OR\<GO+ NEGATION ( RACIAL OPPRESSION IS1 AS ONE MI<T REASONABLY ?9K1 A SOCIETY 9 :I* RECOGNITION ( RACIAL ID5TITY HAS VANI%$1 OR 9 :I* RACIAL T]MS1 IF 9DE$ S5SE CAN BE MADE ( !M :5 OPPRESSION DOES NOT DEF9E !M1 HAVE BECOME M9OR DESCRIPTIVE T]MS )\T SOCIAL CONSEQU5CE1 !N IT W\LD BE FOOLI% TO ASK :AT ! !ORY ( ?IS RACELESS SOCIETY W\LD BE OR H[ IT W\LD DEAL ) RACIAL RELATIONS4 ,= ! ,U4,S4 9TEGRATIONI/ MOVEM5T ( ! #a#i#e'S ! SLOGAN ,FRE$OM ,N[ SAID ALL ?AT NE$ BE SAID1 JU/ AS1 MORE ?AN A C5TURY BE=E1 ,ABOLITION1 A SAY+ ?AT ( C\RSE E>N$ ONE ! TITLE 'FANATIC1' A TITLE YET TO BE REPEAL$1 WAS ALL ?AT NE$$ BE SAID ( *ATTEL SLAV]Y4 

,A SECOND ILLU/RATION1 LESS OBVI\S BECAUSE EV5 N[ B>ELY ?9KABLE1 W\LD BE A SOCIETY1 USUALLY CALL$ &ROGYN\S1 9 :I* RECOGNITION AS MALE & FEMALE W\LD MAKE REF]5CE TO NO?+ BUT C]TA9 PHYSIOLOGICAL MATT]S & REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITIES & W\LD BE NON-9DICATIVE ( P]SONALITY1 ECONOMIC ROLE1 OR WOR?4 ,SEXES W\LD NOT CON/ITUTE CLASSES 7OR MORE EXACTLY CA/ES7 & SEXUAL ID5TITY W\LD HAVE ONLY ! SIGNIFICANCE ?AT EA* *OSE TO GIVE TO IT4 ,:AT ?IS MEANS REQUIRES NO ELABORATE EXPLANATION1 ONLY A C]TA9 IMAG9ATION1 AN ABILITY TO RID ONESELF ( PRECONCEPTIONS & TO CONCEIVE ( :AT SEEMS 9CAPABLE ( BE+ ?\<T )\T CONTRADICTION4 ,:AT WILL BE ! RELATIONS BETWE5 ! SEXES 9 SU* A SOCIETY8 -- ! QUE/ION MAKES ]RONE\S ASSUMPTIONS4 

,FROM EV]Y LOCUS ( P[]1 IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 9CONCEIVABLE1 BECAUSE CONTR>Y TO ! APRIORIS ( ! SU/A9+ IDEOLOGY1 ?AT ITS SY/EM BE ABOLI%$4 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! PRIE/HOOD IT HAS ALWAYS BE5 9CONCEIVABLE ?AT RELIGION DISP5SE ) IT1 ?AT ITS FLOCK SURVIVE B]EFT ( %EPH]D4 

,) RESPECT TO ! AN>*I/ CONCEPT ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE1 ! QUE/IONS ,:O WILL RULE8 ,:O WILL GOV]N8 & -- :AT IS LESS OBVI\S 9TUITIVELY -- ,:O WILL DECIDE8 BECOME NONRELEVANT QUE/IONS4 ,NO !ORY ( TOTAL-SOCIETY DECISION-MAK+ W\LD BE CALL$ =4 ,P[] TO ! PEOPLE1 ,LET ! PEOPLE DECIDE1 AL?\< ( IDEALI/IC 9T5TION1 P]PETUATE ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! :OLE & >E NOT AN>*I/4 ,9 PRACTICE SU* QUALIFI$ 7DEMOCRATIC7 SOV]EIGNTY MEANS ?AT REPRES5TATIVES ( ! PEOPLE CON/ITUTE A CLASS ( DECISION-MAK]S OV] AGA9/ A MASS ?AT MAKES NO DECISIONS EXCEPT 7P]HAPS7 TO *OOSE !IR RUL]S1 A *OICE 9EVITABLY RECON/RU$ AS MAJORIT>IAN4 ,:]E ! DEMOS RULES1 P[] & ITS PROBLEMS REMA92 A PEOPLE REPRES5T$1 AS ,R\SSEAU SAID1 IS 5SLAV$4 ,AN>*Y MEANS ! DISSOLUTION & DISAPPE>ANCE ( DEMOCRATIC SOV]EIGNTY 7OR ITS PRET5SE7 ALSO4 

,9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY EV]Y P]SON DECIDES & !RE IS NO CLASS ( DECID]S4 ,COOP]ATIVE ACTIONS RESULT FROM VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5TS4 ,?IS IS EASI] TO VISUALIZE 9 A SMALL SOCIETY LACK+ COMPLEX RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION2 L>G] SCALE COOP]ATION PRESUMES LONG]-T]M AGREEM5TS1 RELIANCE ON ! GOOD WILL ( O!RS AS NORM1 AGREEM5T TO /&>D PROC$URES 7NON-CO]CIVE1 NON-P[]-BAS$ 9/ITUTIONS7 TO A*IEVE COMMONLY DESIR$ 5DS & TO RESOLVE DIFF]5CES & CONFLICTS4 7,A PR9CIPLE ( 9DIVIDUAL DECISION & VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T DOES NOT MEAN ?AT DRIV+ ON RI<T OR LEFT1 US+ METRIC OR NONMETRIC MEASURES1 NOT TO SAY BASIC ECONOMIC PRACTICES1 >E CONT9UALLY 9 QUE/ION & ONE KN[S NOT :AT TO EXPECT 9 A TOPSY-TURVY WORLD47 ,:AT MU/ BE PREMISS$ IS ?AT ! PEOPLE 9VOLV$ %ALL BY & L>GE HE WILL+ -- AS ! WAY !Y LIVE & >E1 RA!R ?AN BY REFLECTIVE COMMITM5T -- TO AFFIRM EA* O!R'S HUMANITY & UNIQU5ESS & TO PURSUE !IR DIFF]+ 9T]E/S UND] CONDITIONS ( VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T & RESPONSIBILITY = !IR ACTIONS4 

,9 SAY+ ?AT EV]YONE DECIDES1 ONE DOES NOT MEAN ?AT EA* CAN CAUSE ! WORLD TO BE AS 7S7HE W\LD WI% IT3 = !RE CAN BE JU/ ONE ACTUAL WORLD1 & IF ,I WILL$ ! WORLD EFFECTIVELY !N ,I W\LD WILL IT =1 & 9 LIEU (1 O!RS4 ,! O!RS1 9/EAD1 PRES5T ME ) !IR SPONTANEITY1 !IR *OOS+S1 :I* ( C\RSE =ECLOSE MANY PRACTICAL POSSIBILITIES = ME2 9 MORE ?AN COMP5SATION = :I*1 ONE W\LD HOPE1 MY POSSIBILITIES >E 5RI*$ BY LIV+ 9 A WORLD ( P]SONS :O >E !MSELVES *OOS+ RA!R ?AN LIV+ \T ! CONSEQU5CES ( TE*NOLOGY1 M>KET1 & O!R IMP]SONAL =CES ?AT HAVE PREEMPT$ !IR FRE$OM & MY/IFI$ !IR 9TELLIG5CE4 

,NOR1 9 SAY+ ?AT EV]YONE DECIDES1 DOES ONE MEAN ?AT EV]YONE CONCEIVABLY AFFECT$ BY A P>TICUL> DECISION P>TICIPATES 9 IT4 ,NO D\BT WE HAVE1 9 \R EV]YDAY EXP]I5CE1 LITTLE GR\ND = CONFID5CE ?AT ! PEOPLE ON :OM WE DEP5D1 ECONOMICALLY & O!RWISE1 WILL RELIABLY DO !IR BE/2 & SO WE PUT FAI? 9 COMPLEX SY/EMS ( CONTROL OV] O!RS1 & ( C\RSE OV] \RSELVES4 ,BUT ! AN>*I/ ?\<T IS ?AT SOCIAL COOP]ATION CAN BE F\ND$ UPON ! AUTONOMY & RESPONSIBILITY ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS 9 !IR SPH]ES ( ACTIVITY1 SO ?AT ! SOCIETY IS ! PRODUCT ( ! DECISIONS ( ALL1 BO? 9DIVIDUALLY & JO9TLY BY AGREEM5T4 

,BUT IT IS OBVI\S ?AT NO CLASS ( DECID]S1 NON-COLLECTIVITY1 EV5 IF REALIZABLE 9 A MOD]ATELY COMPLEX WORLD1 CANNOT WELL BE APPLI$ TO ALL ! FAMILI> K9DS ( SOCIAL PROCESSES1 EV5 IF ! SOCIETY W]E DISBURD5$ ( MANY FUNCTIONS1 SU* AS ! MILIT>Y1 ?AT W\LD HAVE NO POSSIBLE PLACE 9 AN AN>*Y4 

,PRACTICALLY1 IF WE >E ALL BY \R *OOS+S TO P>TICIPATE 9 MAK+ \R WORLD1 IT W\LD SEEM NECESS>Y ?AT A PR9CIPLE -- A PRACTICAL RA!R ?AN AN E?ICAL PR9CIPLE -- ( M9IMUM L>GE-SCALE *ANGE BE FOLL[$ G5]ALLY1 SO ?AT COMMUNICATION & 9TELLIG5CE BE MO/ EFFECTIVE & SO ?AT 9DIVIDUAL *OICES1 & 9 CONSEQU5CE AGREEM5TS1 CONTRACTUAL & TACIT1 BE MADE )9 A WORLD ONE SOME:AT UND]/&S4 ,! RE/LESS TE*NOLOGY ( \R C5TURIES FL\RI%ES 9 A WORLD :]E 9/ITUTIONS ( P[] IMPOSE ITS 9NOVATIONS1 PROVIDE ITS WORK=CE1 & MANIPULATE ITS CONSUM]S1 & :]E DOM9ANT CLASSES >E EAG] TO MAGNIFY !IR P[] & WEAL? ?R\< TE*NOLOGICAL SUPREMACY4 ,AN>*Y W\LD NOT PROVIDE !SE CONDITIONS1 NOR C\LD AN>*I/ DECISION-MAK+ BE EXPECT$ TO COPE ) CONT9U\S MAJOR TE*NOLOGICAL REVOLUTION4 ,CEASELESS & RAPID DEMOGRAPHIC EXPANSION ?AT =CES CON/ANT DISSOLUTION & RE=MATION ( LIFE-COMPLEXES 7NEI<BORHOODS1 T[NS1 CITIES1 REGIONS7 CREATES A TURMOIL ?AT FREE PEOPLE CANNOT DEAL ) ANY MORE 9TELLIG5TLY ?AN CAN ! PRES5T ,9/ITUTIONS4 ,MANY TE*NOLOGICAL PATT]NS ALREADY EXI/+ MAY ALSO MAKE DEM&S = DECISION-MAK+ ?AT CANNOT WELL BE MET EXCEPT ON A BASIS ( COLLECTIVE 9/ITUTIONS ?AT CREATE BUREAUCRATIC & O!R =MS ( P[]4 ,?AT IS1 AN>*I/ SOCIETY W\LD NOT BE READILY COMPATIBLE1 IF COMPATIBLE AT ALL1 ) C]TA9 PRACTICAL GOALS OR WAYS ( LIFE OR ) C]TA9 SOCIETAL RHY?MS4 

,9 ! ]A ( UN*ALL5G$ TE*NOLOGICAL IDEOLOGY1 TO :I* ,M>XISM CONTRIBUT$ ITS %>E1 SU* CONCESSIONS W\LD HAVE BE5 REG>D$ AS DET]M9+ CONCLUSIVELY ! REACTION>Y NATURE ( AN>*ISM4 ,9 ! ]A ( IDEOLOGIES ( PROGRESS1 !Y W\LD SIMIL>LY HAVE /AMP$ AN>*ISM AS IMPOSSIBLE ( REALIZATION JU/ BECAUSE IT DOES NOT EXTRAPOLATE :AT WAS !N ?\<T ( AS PROGRESS1 & AS UNDESIRABLE BECAUSE UNSUIT$ TO SPIRAL+ FUTURE PROGRESS4 ,TODAY IT MAY BE EASI] TO AGREE ?AT 9COMPATIBILITY ) C]TA9 PRACTICAL GOALS IS NOT NECESS>ILY A DEFECT OR LIMITATION4 ,! K9DS ( ?+S ?AT CANNOT BE DONE WELL 9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY MAY BE JU/ ?OSE ?AT RELEASE ! BL9D & UNCONTROLL$ HI/ORICAL PROCESSES ?AT DET]M9E MU* ( \R EXI/5CE 9 A MANN] ?AT R5D]S \R WILL 9EFFECTUAL & ?AT EV5 DET]M9ES \R WILL4 

,P]HAPS ! MAJOR ?RU/ ( S]I\S SOCIAL ?9K+ = TWO C5TURIES HAS BE5 T[>D SOLUTION ( ! PROBLEM ( DET]M9ATION BY HI/ORY1 BY ! PA/1 BY YE/]DAY3 H[ %ALL WE BE FREE TODAY TO SOLVE TODAY'S PROBLEMS8 ,VIRTUALLY ALL ( ?IS ?9K+1 H[EV]1 HAS POS$ ! QUE/ION AS ONE ( A*IEV+ CONTROL4 ,BY %E] =CE1 & SOMETIMES ALSO BY SOCIAL SCI5CES1 /ATI/ SOCIETIES SEEK TO MA/] !SE HI/ORICAL PROCESSES1 & HAVE GIV5 V]Y LITTLE EVID5CE ( ABILITY TO DO SO4 7,BESIDES :I*1 ! VALUES & 9T]E/S 9 T]MS ( :I* ! ATTEMPT IS MADE >E PLA9LY ?OSE ( ! CONTROLL+ GR\PS OR 9/ITUTIONS47 ,?IS AMBITION ( CONTROL IS A WAY ( HUMAN PRIDE4 

,9 AN>*I/ SOCIETY HUMAN BE+S W\LD1 PRESUMABLY1 SEEK TO FREE !MSELVES FROM PROCESSES ( 9/ITUTIONAL MOM5TUM BY CONSCI\SLY *OOS+ RHY?MS ( *ANGE1 & TE*NOLOGIES1 H>MONI\S ) VIABLE RHY?MS ( LIFE-*OICE1 9 ORD] TO AVOID A NE$1 = SURVIVAL1 TO CREATE 9/ITUTIONS ( P[]4 ,?AT WE %\LD CEASE TO C\RT DISA/]1 ?AT WE %\LD SIMPLIFY & MAKE POSSIBLE ! SOLUTION ( PRIM>Y LIFE-PROBLEMS 9 ! MODE ( FRE$OM1 %\LD NOT1 ESPECIALLY 9 VIEW ( ! NUMB] & MAGNITUDE ( DISA/]S \R SPECIES PRODUCES = ITSELF1 BE AN UNREASONABLE NEGATIVE PR9CIPLE1 P>TICUL>LY BECAUSE !RE APPE> TO BE NO REASONS :Y A COMP>ATIVELY /ABLE & COMP>ATIVELY SIMPLIFI$ SOCIETY NE$ BE R$UC$ TO SP9N+-:EEL TE*NOLOGY OR TO *ANGELESSNESS4 ,WE MI<T1 IF SU* A SOCIETY W]E REALIZ$1 BECOME ABLE AT LA/ TO APPLY AN AU!NTIC SPIRIT ( EXP]IM5TATION TO ! PRACTICAL PROBLEMS ( LIFE-SOME?+ VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE UND] PRES5T CONDITIONS4 

,9DIVIDUAL & ,SOCIETY 

,AN>*I/ CONCEPTIONS ( 9DIVIDUALITY & SOCIALIZATION CAN BE MADE CLE>] ?R\< BRIEF CONSID]ATION ( ! RELATION BETWE5 AN>*I/ !ORIES LABEL$ '9DIVIDUALI/' OR 'MUTUALI/' & ?OSE LABEL$ 'COMMUNI/' OR 'SYNDICALI/4' ,9 !SE REM>KS ,I %ALL NOT 5COMPASS C]TA9 B\RGEOIS 9DIVIDUALISMS ?AT CALL !MSELVES AN>*I/ BUT HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON ) AN>*ISM AS A SOCIAL MOVEM5T & HI/ORIC IDEA2 = EXAMPLE1 SO-CALL$ AN>*O-CAPITALISM4 

,! MA9 AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS COMMUNI/ OR SYNDICALI/1 5DEAVOR TO 5COMPASS ! ASPIRATION TO SOCIALISM1 SO ?AT PR$OCTR9AL SOCIALISM C\LD BE REG>D$ AS ?AT ASPECT ( 7G5]IC7 AN>*ISM ?AT IS SPECIFICALLY CONC]N$ ) ! POLITICS ( PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION1 & WEAL?4 ,9DIVIDUALI/ & MUTUALI/ AN>*ISM1 H[EV]1 USUALLY D5Y ?AT COMMUNITY OR SOCIETY HAVE EV5 ! SECOND>Y SUB/ANTIALITY ACCORD$ TO !M 9 ! COMMUNI/ OR SYNDICALI/ V]SIONS4 ,9 ! PRES5T WORLD 7IT IS HELD7 SOCIETY & COMMUNITY >E FICTIONS BY :I* SOME 9DIVIDUALS1 COOP]AT+ = ! PURPOSE1 JU/IFY !IR VIOL5T DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION ( O!RS2 :ILE :AT MI<T BE MI/AK5LY REG>D$ AS COMMUNITY OR SOCIETY 9 A CONDITION ( TRUE FRE$OM W\LD ACTUALLY BE NO MORE ?AN ! SUM ( ! UNH9D]$ ACTIONS ( 9DIVIDUALS & !IR ASSOCIATIONS4 ,= 9DIVIDUALI/S1 ! MUTUALLY ADVANTAGE\S COOP]ATION ( 9DIVIDUALS W\LD BE A*IEV$ ?R\< AN AGRE$-UPON M$IUM OR PR9CIPLE ( EX*ANGE & O!R CONV5TIONS 9T5D$ TO GU>ANTEE MAXIMALLY ! SELF-SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,BUT IT IS ! PLA9 9T5D$ CONSEQU5CE ( ! 9DIVIDUALI/S' PROPOSALS ?AT ! 5DS ID5TIFI$ H]E E>LI] AS SOCIALI/ BE A*IEV$ -- IF ONE REG>DS COLLECTIVE [N]%IP AS BUT ONE PROPOS$ MEANS = ! ABOLITION ( CLASSES & ( K9DS ( PROP]TY1 GOV]NM5TALLY LEGITIMAT$ & PROTECT$1 ?AT MAKE POSSIBLE ! EXPLOITATION ( P]SON BY P]SON4 ,! ,AM]ICAN 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/ ,/EPH5 ,PE>L ,&REWS 7,! ,SCI5CE ( ,SOCIETY1 #a#h#d#h71 :ILE REJECT+ ! =MS 9 :I* DEMOCRACY & SOCIALISM W]E USUALLY CONCEIV$1 WROTE ?AT ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL REPRES5T$ ! FULFILLM5T ( ! SPIRIT ( BO?1 & ! LAT] 9DIVIDUALI/ ,B5JAM9 ,TUCK] HELD ?AT 9DIVIDUALISM WAS ?AT SPECIES ( SOCIALISM :I* *OSE ! WAY ( LIB]TY AGA9/ ! WAY ( 9VASIVE AUTORITY1 TO :I* LATT]1 HE ?\<T1 ! AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S1 WITT+LY OR UNWITT+LY1 SUCCUMB$4 ,& IF ! PR9CIPLE ?AT EV]Y P]SON DECIDES CORRECTLY EXPRESSES ! COMMUNI/ & SYNDICALI/ V]SIONS ( AN>*ISM1 ! SELF-SOV]EIGNTY DE> TO 9DIVIDUALI/S IS GIV5 FULL RECOGNITION4 

,!RE IS H[EV] PLA9LY A T5SION BETWE5 ?9K+ ( A SOCIETY ( FREE 9DIVIDUALS & ?9K+ ( A SOCIETY ( FREE 9DIVIDUALS1 P>TICUL>LY IF 9 ! FIR/ CASE 'SOCIETY' MI<T BETT] BE PLAC$ 9 QUOTATION M>KS2 & TO OPT = ONE OR ! O!R IS TO 9VITE PRACTICAL & PSY*OLOGICAL CONSEQU5CES1 P]HAPS JU/ BECAUSE ONE'S *OICE REFLECTS ONE'S S5SE ( :AT IS MORE PA9FULLY LACK+ 9 ONE'S WORLD4 ,9 AN E?IC ( 9DIVIDUALISM1 ) ITS ECONOMIC CORROL>IES1 ,KROPOTK9 SAW SOME?+ REM9ISC5T ( CAPITALI/ APOLOGETICS = ! AGGRESSIVE & ACQUISITIVE & EXPLOITATIVE 9DIVIDUAL2 9 ,KROPOTK9'S VISIONS ( COMMUNISM ! 9DIVIDUALI/S SAW ! ABSORPTION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL 9TO A SOV]EIGN :OLE4 

,JU/ ?IS T5SION BETWE5 9DIVIDUALISM & SOCIALISM1 EXP]I5C$ BY EV]Y AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 MI<T BE SE5 AS R5D]+ AN>*ISM 9DECISIVE & 9EFFECTUAL4 ,LOOK$ AT FROM ! /&PO9T ( IDEAS1 OR ( ! SE>* = REQUIREM5TS TO FULFILL A VISION ( HUMAN BE+1 ?IS SAME T5SION CAN BE SE5 AS PRES]V+ AN>*ISM AGA9/ ?AT T5D5CY TO SURR5D] TO SOV]EIGNTY ( ! :OLE1 AT FIR/ DISGUIS$ & !N OV]T & PRACTICALLY IRREV]SIBLE1 ?AT 9DIVIDUALI/S FE> 9 AN>*I/ COMMUNISM & :I* ,M>XI/ COMMUNISM HAS AGA9 & AGA9 9/ANTIAT$4 7,IF COMMUNISM & SYNDICALISM >E MORE ?AN /&>D PROC$URES1 OR 9/ITUTIONS4 9 ! S5SE ( ! PREC$+ SECTION1 IF !Y DO NOT ALL[ = EFFECTIVE *OICE ( ALT]NATIVES1 !Y >E 9COMPATIBLE ) AN>*ISM47 ,MALATE/A'S AN>*ISM1 :I* REJECT$ HYPH5ATION & SECT>IANISM1 S\<T TO PRES]VE ?IS T5SION )9 AN UNQUALIFI$ UNDIVID$ AN>*ISM4 ,UNTIL & UNLESS ! POL>ITY ( ,9DIVIDUAL & SOCIETY IS RESOLV$ 9TO A WORLD )\T SOCIAL P[]1 IT W\LD SEEM IMPORTANT ?AT A MOVEM5T ( PEOPLE & IDEAS DIRECT$ TO ?AT 5D REMA9 ACUTELY CONSCI\S ( ! POL>ITY & BY ONE OR ANO!R MEANS PRES]VE ?AT T5SION2 = IT IS1 ON ! AN>*I/ VIEW1 ONLY 9 AN AN>*ICAL SOCIETY ?AT 9DIVIDUALITY & SOCIALITY CAN CEASE TO BE 9 SY/EMATIC CONFLICT4 

,! 9DIVIDUALISM ( AN>*ISM IS NO D\BT EQUIVOCAL1 ESPECIALLY BECAUSE IT MU/ BE PREP>$ TO LET GO ULTIMATELY :AT IT JEAL\SLY GU>DS4 ,BUT IT IS C]TA9LY NOT A B\RGEOIS 9DIVIDUALISM1 AS ,M>XISM1 BEG9N+ ) ,M>X'S ATTACK ON ,/IRN]1 HAS REPRES5T$ IT4 ,9 ,/9R]'S PHILOSOPHY1 NOT CALL$ AN>*I/ BY HIM BUT G5]ALLY AFFIRM$ BY 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/S1 PHILOSOPHIC EGOISM IS ABSOLUTE & O!RS >E M]ELY ,9/RUM5TS = MY SATISFACTIONS4 ,BUT ?IS EGOISM IS PRECISELY PHILOSOPHIC RA!R ?AN PSY*OLOGICAL :I* MEANS ?AT EGOISM DOES NOT B> LOVE ( O!RS OR VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATIVE ASSOCIATION 7FREE UNIONS74 ,AL?\< ,/IRN]1 A BADLY MISUND]/OOD PHILOSOPH] IF MY READ+ ( HIM IS CORRECT1 WROTE ( ! SELF-9T]E/$ SELF & PRAIS$ IT1 HE WROTE BY HABIT 9 ! FIR/ P]SON PLURAL1 ?US SETT+ ! PROBLEM ( UNIQU5ESS AS ! PROBLEM ( ALL P]SONS & NOT ! PROBLEM 7AS POS$ BY ,NIETZS*E LAT]7 ( AN ELITE OR FUTURE ,MITE2 HE CALL$ = A G5]AL REBELLION ( ! UNIQUE ONES1 ALL ( US1 9 \R [N BEHALF4 

,! QUE/ION ( '! 9DIVIDUAL AS BASIC SOCIAL REALITY' RUNS DEEP]1 H[EV]1 ?AN ,I HAVE SO F> PURSU$ IT H]E1 DEEP] 9DE$ ?AN ,I %ALL BE ABLE TO4 ,H[ ?IS EXPLORATION MI<T RUN1 ,I %ALL BRIEFLY SKET*4 ,AT ! C5T] ( AN>*I/ CRITIQUE ( EXI/+ SOCIETIES IS ! !SIS ?AT !Y >E *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! SUBM]G5CE ( 9DIVIDUALS 9 NETWORKS ( P[]-9/ITUTIONS -- SO ?AT1 9S(>1 ! ,M>XI/ ME?OD ( ANALYZ+ PA/ HI/ORY 9 9/ITUTIONAL T]MS IS BASICALLY CORRECT 9 9T5TION1 IF DOGMATIC & OV]SIMPLIFY+ 9 ITS /&>D APPLICATIONS4 ,?US ! =CE ( ! /ATEM5T ?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ! ULTIMATE SOCIAL REALITY IS NORMATIVE & PROGRAMMATIC1 & ! CLAIM IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM O!R ASPECTS ( A COMPLEX E?ICAL IDEAL ( HUMAN BE+4 ,H]E & N[1 ?IS REALITY IS AN 9COMPLETELY REALIZ$ POT5TIAL4 

,?IS VIEW ( ! 9DIVIDUAL DOES NOT 5TAIL ,/IRN]'S METAPHYSICAL & EPI/EMOLOGICAL 9DIVIDUALISM1 :I* CAN BE REG>D$ AS AN EF=T TO GR\ND A NORMATIVE VIEW 9 PHILOSOPHY-PROP]4 ,YET1 AS ,I HOPE ,I HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 AT LEA/ SUGGE/+1 ! AFFIRMATION ( ! 9DIVIDUAL DOES NOT REA* ITS AN>*I/ MEAN+1 & ITS COMPLETE DI/9CTNESS FROM B\RGEOIS & O!R ALI5AT+ CONCEPTIONS ( 9DIVIDUALITY1 UNTIL IT IS ?\<T 9 ! CONTEXT ( ! TRANSC5D5CE ( P[]4 ,= KN[L$GE ( ?AT TRANSC5D5CE WE HAVE TO RELY UPON \R SEV]ELY 9COMPLETE EXP]I5CE ( \RSELVES & O!RS 9 SITUATIONS ( LOVE & C>+ & COMMUNITY1 :]E ! SUBJECTIVITY ( O!RS IS SIGNIFICANTLY PRES5T TO US2 AB\T !SE1 & AB\T ! AN>*I/ IDEAL1 A LANGUAGE ( 'P]SON' MAY BE LESS MISLEAD+ ?AN A LANGUAGE ( '9DIVIDUAL4' ,9 ?AT CONTEXT1 BY ! HYPO!SIS ( AN>*ISM1 ! 9DIVIDUALS CEASE TO BE 9 SY/EMATIC ANTAGONISM1 & '9DIVIDUAL' & 'SOCIAL' CEASE TO BE DESCRIPTIVE ( CONFLICT4 

,SU* A VIEW ( ! 9DIVIDUAL IS NOT1 SO F> AS ,I CAN SEE1 9 ESS5TIAL CONFLICT ) A PHILOSOPHY ( SOCIAL SCI5CES ?AT PREF]S1 = :AT ,I W\LD CONSID] REASONS ( ME?ODOLOGY1 TO REG>D RELATIONS AS PRIOR & 9DIVIDUALS AS D]IVATIVE4 

,NATURE 

,I HAVE SPOK5 ONLY AB\T AN?ROPOS1 & A FEW T5TATIVE WORDS1 NO MORE1 AB\T ,NATURE & ,HUMANITY MU/ BE SAID4 ,9 A PR(\ND S5SE1 AN>*ISM IS A!I/IC4 7,BY A!ISM ,I MEAN PRECISELY ! NEGATION ( !ISM1 NOT ! NEGATION ( RELIGI\S FEEL+ OR ( SPIRITUALITY47 ,! 9T5SE A!ISM ( TRADITIONAL AN>*ISM W\LD SEEM TO BE MORE ?AN T]RE/RIAL 9 ITS >DOR -- NO M]E ANTICL]ICALISM -- & MORE ALSO ?AN NEGATIONAL ( ,GOD AS LEGITIMATOR ( GOV]NM5TAL & CL]ICAL AU?ORITY4 

,AN>*I/ ?\<T GA9S UNITY IF ITS A!ISM IS TAK5 AS ASS]TION ?AT HUMAN BE+ MU/ E/ABLI% ITS FRE$OM )9 ,NATURE4 7,BY ,NATURE ,I DO NOT MEAN A MAT]IAL UNIV]SE M]ELY4 ,NATURE ,I UND]/& AS COEXT5SIVE ) :AT IS47 ,AN>*ISM !N W\LD BE EXPRESSIVE ( UNIV]SAL REJECTION ( P[]1 9 ! SYMBOL1 = ! CASE ( ! 9/ITUTIONAL ,*RI/IAN RELIGIONS1 ( ! ,DIV9E ,MON>*1 ! UNIV]SAL DESPOT :O1 ON GR\NDS ( TRANSC5D5TAL IDEOLOGY1 I4E41 !OLOGY1 CLAIMS ,MAN'S OB$I5CE & ,HIS PRIORITY 9 BE+4 ,CORRELATIVELY1 AN>*I/S HAVE G5]ALLY SET GREAT /ORE1 EV5 EXCESSIVE /ORE1 BY SCI5CE1 PHILOSOPHY1 & REASON1 !REBY EXPRESS+ FAI?1 ,I BELIEVE1 ?AT !SE MEANS WILL 5ABLE US TO A*IEVE SU* UND]/&+ ( ,NATURE AS WILL E/ABLI% \R FRE$OM )9 IT4 

,UNLIKE ,M>XI/ SOCIALISM1 H[EV]1 UNLIKE ,M>X1 Y\NG ,M>X 9CLUD$1 AN>*ISM IS R>ELY AN?ROPOC5TRICALLY HUMANI/IC 9 ! S5SE ( A VISION ( ,NATURE AS 5EMY1 M5ACE1 OBJECT ( CONQUE/ & CONTROL BY TE*NOLOGY1 >5A = HUMAN DOM9ANCE -- ! 9V]SE ( !I/IC SUBJUGATION4 ,I UND]/& AN>*ISM AS AFFIRM+ HUMANK9D & OPPOS+ \R SUBORD9ATION OR SUBJUGATION TO EI!R DIV9ITIES OR TO NATURAL LAWS ?AT WE DO NOT UND]/& & MAKE \R [N -- AS SEEK+ \R FRE$OM BUT NOT \R DOM9ANCE OR \R 9DEP5D5CE ( ,NATURE4 

,TO BE C>EFUL ,I %\LD NOT SAY ?AT AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS BE5 CLE> AB\T !SE MATT]S4 ,! ,*RI/IAN CONTEXT ( ! ,WE/]N WORLD TO :I* AN>*ISM HAS MA9LY BE5 LIMIT$ HAS NOT MADE SU* CL>ITY EASY4 ,I MEAN TO SUGGE/ ?AT AN>*ISM READILY EXTRAPOLATES1 & ?AT ITS SPIRIT CALLS = EXTRAPOLATION1 TO A C]TA9 VISION ( ,NATURE ANALOG\S TO ITS VISION ( SOCIETY2 :]E 9DIVIDUAL P]SONS1 HUMAN SOCIETIES1 & ! HUMAN SPECIES1 LIVE 9 RELATION%IP ) O!R 9DIVIDUAL BE+S & SPECIES1 AFFIRM+ \R BE+ \R CREATIVE UNIQU5ESS1 & \R FRE$OM1 BUT NOT SEEK+ A SUPREMACY ?AT W\LD SIGNIFY AN ALI5ATION ( HUMANK9D 9 ANTAGONISM TO :AT WE CANNOT CONTROL OR UND]/&4 ,?US ! H>MONY ( SOCIETY & P]SON CAN BE TRANSPOS$ TO ! L>G] CASE1 & AN>*ISM GA9S =CE & SCOPE & COMPLETION 9S(> AS IT /&S = SU* H>MONY ( P]SONS & WORLD4 

,:E!R ONLY CONT+5TLY1 BECAUSE AN>*ISM TOOK ROOT MA9LY \TSIDE ,G]MANIC ,EUROPE1 OR = MORE ESS5TIAL REASONS1 AN>*ISM DOES NOT MU* REFLECT ?AT ,FEU]BA*IAN HUMANISM1 ACCORD+ TO :I* ! ,GOD-IDEA IS M]ELY A PROJECTION ( HUMAN IDEALS1 ?AT ,M>X ADOPT$ & BY :I* HE DISPOS$ EASILY ( ! RELIGI\S QUE/ION1 ) ! CONSEQU5CE1 ONE MI<T SPECULATE1 ?AT ,NATURE LO/ ITS SACR$NESS1 )\T :I* IT IS DIFFICULT IF NOT IMPOSSIBLE ?AT HUMAN BE+S BE SACR$ TO !MSELVES4 ,= AN>*ISM1 P]HAPS MORE ,CA?OLIC ?AN ,PROTE/ANT 9 ITS RELIGI\S BACKGR\ND & S\RCES1 ,GOD HAS HAD A MORE S]I\S REALITY ?AN = ,M>X -- REALITY AS IMAGE ( P[]1 AS PRET5D$ REALITY ( P[]4 ,ONE MAY NOT BE MI/AK5 -- BUT ONE MAY BE -- 9 ?9K+ ?AT ! ANGRY REBELLION ( AN>*I/ AGA9/ ! ,GOD ( ! ,*RI/IAN *UR*ES HAS REPRES5T$ A PR(\ND & ?W>T$ SPIRITUALITY4 

,9 CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE1 ! !ME ( A!ISM IS LESS CONSPICU\S1 LESS URG5T -- P]HAPS BECAUSE \R COSMIC FRE$OM HAS BE5 GA9$1 BUT 9 ! MODE ( 9DEP5D5CE & DOM9ANCE1 OR 9 ! MODE ( ILLUSION ( FRE$OM1 & \R PROBLEM IS RA!R ONE ( R$ISCOV]+ \R BE+ 9 ,NATURE1 A DIFF]5T RELIGI\S PROBLEM ?AN ?AT ( ! ,GOD-MON>*4 

,AN>*ISM AS ,SOCIAL ,PHILOSOPHY 

,! *IEF ?+ ?AT ,I HAVE WANT$ TO %[ IS ?AT AN>*ISM REPRES5TS A FUNDAM5TAL IDEAL ( HUMAN EXI/5CE3 ?AT IT REPRES5TS SOME?+ O!R ?AN M]E ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T1 SOME?+ O!R ?AN ! FRE$OM TO DO ANY?+ ONE WANTS1 SOME?+ DIFF]5T ?AN A FRE$OM LIMIT$ BY :AT WILL H>M O!RS4 ,IT REPRES5TS 9/EAD ! AIM ( SOCIAL UNION1 ON A GR\ND ( UNIQUE 9DIVIDUALITY1 :]E NO CLASS OR CA/E DIVISIONS EXI/ BETWE5 PEOPLE & :]E 9TEGRAL 9DIVIDUALITY & 9TEGRAL SOCIETY1 NON-ANTI!TICAL1 HAVE BECOME TWO ASPECTS ( ! SAME LIFE4 ,! DEEPE/ MEAN+ ( ?IS AN>*I/ FRE$OM1 IF ,I SEE RI<TLY ! IMPLICATIONS ( :AT ,I HAVE WRITT51 IS ?AT C]TA9 SIGNIFICANT B>RI]S TO ! REALIZATION ( POT5TIALITIES ( HUMAN BE+ WILL HAVE BE5 BROK54 ,9TEGRAL 9DIVIDUALITY & 9TEGRAL SOCIETY >E ANCI5T AS WELL AS MOD]N VALUES1 & EV]Y SY/EM ( E?ICS & SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY C\LD BE SAID TO HAVE 5DEAVOR$ TO ACCOMMODATE !M TO EA* O!R4 ,I SUGGE/$ ?AT AN>*ISM IS A SOCIAL IDEA ( IMPORTANCE1 & NOT M]ELY A PECULI> K9D ( MEMB] 9 ! S]IES TYRANNY1 MON>*Y1 OLIG>*Y1 DEMOCRACY444 AN>*Y1 BECAUSE IT CLAIMS TO ID5TIFY1 9 P[]1 ! MISS+ CLUE4 ,IT PRES5TS BO? A CONCEPTION ( G5]AL & ULTIMATE SOCIAL_/P]SONAL H>MONY1 :I* MAY WELL TURN \T TO BE AN IDEAL BEYOND REA*1 & A CONCEPTION ( SOCIAL_/P]SONAL H>MONY 9 ANY CIRCUMSCRIB$ REALM1 ANY RELATIVELY CLOS$ HUMAN SY/EM1 AS SMALL AS ! SPH]E ( ONE'S IMM$IATE LIFE-CIRCLE1 :]E ! NEGATION ( ,IDEOLOGICALLY JU/IFI$1 SOCIALLY DIVISIVE PATT]NS ( DOM9ATION >E 7BY HYPO!SIS7 A NECESS>Y CONDITION = SOCIAL_/P]SONAL H>MONY4 ,AS A PRACTICAL GOAL1 ! FREE SOCIETY CAN H>DLY RECOMM5D ITSELF = ITS PROBABILITY1 :ATEV] EXACTLY PROBABILITY MEANS 9 SU* MATT]S2 BUT ! ,IDEA REFLECTS ITSELF1 SOMETIMES AS A SECUL> PHILOSOPHY ( LOVE1 9TO ! DAILY LIFE ( P]SONS :O D]IVE FROM IT !IR VALUES4 

,IF WE >E TO DISCUSS AN>*ISM AS A SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY1 WE WILL WANT IT TO BE MORE ?AN A SET ( FEEL+S AT ! CORE ( AN ,IDEA1 & SOME?+ MORE ?AN AN AB/RACT RESOLUTION ( P[]-&-P[]LESSNESS4 ,DUR+ ! C\RSE ( ?IS >TICLE ,I HAVE SET D[N A NUMB] ( PROPOSITIONS1 BEYOND ! 9ITIAL PROPOSITIONS ( ! FIR/ SECTIONS1 ?AT ,I W\LD LIKE TO RECAPITULATE H]E3 

,?AT ! 9DIVIDUAL IS ! FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL 7BUT NOT NECESS>ILY METAPHYSICAL7 REALITY2 

,?AT VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T IS ! F\NDATION ( COOP]ATION2 

,?AT EV]YONE IS RESPONSIBLE = !IR ACTIONS2 

,?AT G5]AL FRE$OM DEP5DS ON ! SELF-DISCIPL9E ( EA*2 

,?AT ! ASSUMPTION ( P[] OR SUBMISSION TO P[] 9 ANY SPH]E IS NEGATION ( ! FUNDAM5TAL HUMAN REALITY2 

,?AT A MORALITY ( PR9CIPLES ?AT APPLY ! !ME ( P[] NEGATION AFFIRMS ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( 9DIVIDUALITY AS ! CONDITION ( REALIZ+ \R S5SE ( HUMANITY2 

,?AT FAI? & TRU/ T[>D P]SONS IS ! VITAL E?ICAL C5T] ( AN>*Y2 

,?AT AN>*ISM REPRES5TS & DEM&S A TRANSC5D5CE ( P[]_/P[]LESSNESS ?AT CAN BE DESCRIB$ AS 9TEGRAL FRE$OM2 

,?AT ! ALT]NATIVE TO ! SOV]EIGNTY ( COLLECTIVITIES IS EV]Y P]SON DECIDES2 

,?AT P[] IS ! ROOT EVIL ( HUMAN BE+2 

,?AT 9TEGRAL FRE$OM IS IMMAN5T 9 HUMAN LIFE & HI/ORY AS AN ALWAYS REALIZABLE POT5TIALITY2 

,?AT FRE$OM IS ! REV]SAL ( ! SUB/ITUTION ( ,9/ITUTIONAL DEF9ITION1 9/ITUTIONAL BE+1 9/ITUTIONAL WILL1 = ONESELF2 

,?AT ! BREAKD[N ( SOV]EIGNTIES PREP>ES ! WAY = LIB]ATION FROM ! DET]M9ISM ( HI/ORY2 

,?AT 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIETY >E A DYNAMIC T5SION ?AT F9D !IR GR\ND ( UNION 9 FRE$OM2 

,?AT ! PROGRAM ( ACTION IS ! CONT9U\S REALIZATION ( FRE$OM 9 ! LIVES ( EA* & ALL2 

,?AT 9DIVIDUALS >E ! LOCI ( SOCIAL *ANGE AS WELL AS ! F\NDATION ( FREE SOCIETY2 

,?AT 9 ! CONT9U\S REALIZATION ( FRE$OM VALUES >E WON CONT9U\SLY4 

,AB\T !SE PROPOSITIONS ,I WI% TO CLAIM ?AT !Y 9DICATE A NONSIMPLI/IC VIEW ( SOCIETY & HUMAN BE+ ?AT PROVIDES A MODE ( SOCIAL ANALYSIS1 AN IMAGE ( ! E?ICAL POT5TIALITY ( MAN1 & A PROPOSAL ( ME?OD = REALIZ+ ?AT POT5TIALITY4 

,IF ONE IS TO CONSID] AN>*ISM AS A PHILOSOPHY1 ONE WILL ( C\RSE ASK AB\T ! NATURE ( METAPHYSICAL & EPI/EMOLOGICAL COMMITM5TS & !IR F\NDATION4 ,?IS QUE/ION ?REAT5S TO RE9TRODUCE ! FRAGM5TATION 9TO S*OOLS ?AT ,I HAVE S\<T TO OV]COME1 = ON !SE QUE/IONS AN>*I/ DIFF] %>PLY & ,I HAVE *OS5 TO VIEW AN>*ISM 9 A WAY ?AT AVOIDS SU* COMMITM5TS4 ,I %\LD LIKE N[1 H[EV]1 TO GIVE A POSITIVE S5SE TO ?IS AVOIDANCE1 & ,I (F] ! FOLL[+ ?\<TS1 9T5D$ TO BE NO MORE ?AN SUGGE/IVE2 !IR ELABORATION WILL HAVE TO AWAIT ANO!R OCCASION4 

,WE >E A PUZZLE TO \RSELVES1 ,I BELIEVE1 BECAUSE WE DO NOT FULLY EXP]I5CE \R [N HUMANITY1 & ?IS 9 TURN IS BECAUSE WE CANNOT FULLY EXP]I5CE ! HUMANITY ( O!RS SO LONG AS WE EXI/ 9 ! MANY 9T]LOCK+ RELATIONS ( MA/]HOOD & S]VITUDE4 ,WE YIELD TO ?OSE /RUCTURES ( P[] 9 ORD] TO LIVE 9 A HUMAN WORLD ?AT PREEXI/S EA* ( US & DEM&S ?AT WE DISCIPL9E \RSELVES TO CULTURES ORGANIZ$ >\ND ,9SIGNIA1 LANGUAGES1 P]SONS1 9/ITUTIONS1 MY?OLOGIES1 & PHILOSOPHIES ( P[]4 ,WE MOVE DIALECTICALLY TO A PLANE ( CONSCI\SNESS ( \R COMMON HUMANITY1 9/ANTIAT$ UNIQUELY 9 EA* P]SON1 AS WE MOVE DIALECTICALLY TO A PLANE ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE 9 :I* WE WIELD NO P[] OV] O!RS & DO NOT ALL[ \RSELVES TO BE DET]M9$ 9 \R BE+ BY ! P[] ?AT !Y WIELD4 ,ONLY !N DO WE REALIZE ! MEAN+ ( SUBJECTIVITY 9 ANO!R OR1 AU!NTICALLY1 9 \RSELVES4 ,BY ?AT MOVE1 WE BR+ LOVE TO REALITY1 = SU* RECOGNITION ( SUBJECTIVITY IS :AT ,I UND]/& BY LOVE4 

,PUT O!RWISE3 ,C]TA9 TRU?S MU/ BE BR\<T TO BE1 MU/ BE MADE LIV+1 BE=E !IR MEAN+ CAN BE APPREH5D$ MORE ?AN NEGATIVELY4 7,?US AN>*ISM1 9 ?IS RESPECT LIKE ,M>XISM1 TRANSPOSES ! PHILOSOPHICAL QUE/IONS 9TO QUE/IONS ( ACTUALIZATION & REALIZATION47 ,:AT ,I SEE 9 AN>*ISM IS ! 9DICATION ?AT HUMAN BE+ WILL BECOME ADEQUATELY SELF-CONSCI\S1 & !RE=E FREE T[>D ! FUTURE1 & DI*OTOMIES ( ?\<T & ACTION WILL DISSOLVE1 ONLY :5 HUMAN BE+S FREE !MSELVES FROM ONE ANO!R &1 9 C]TA9 SIGNIFICANT S5SES1 FROM !MSELVES4 

,?US AN>*ISM CAN BE SE5 AS PROCE$+ FROM ! HYPO!SIS ?AT !RE IS A NEGATIVE TASK TO BE ACCOMPLI%$ BE=E WE CAN G5U9ELY EXP]I5CE \RSELVES AS HUMAN BE+S & GRASP \R RELATION%IPS TO ONE ANO!R4 ,?R\<\T1 !RE=E1 AN>*ISM IS1 IDEATIONALLY1 ESS5TIALLY NEGATIVE4 ,:]EAS ) RESPECT TO P>TICUL> SOCIAL PROBLEMS ?IS W\LD BE A GROSS DEFECT1 AN>*ISM IS CONC]N$ ) A F> MORE FUNDAM5TAL K9D ( QUE/ION1 & FROM ITS VISION ( ! POT5TIALITIES RESID+ 9 \R ACTUAL HUMAN SITUATION ITS ?OR\<GO+ NEGATIVITY W\LD SEEM TO FOLL[ & TO BE ! F\NDATION ( CREATION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aigd 3 ,! ,NEGATIVITY ( ,AN>*ISM -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #a#i1 #bb 3 ,! ,NEGATIVITY ( ,AN>*ISM -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,! ,NEGATIVITY ( ,AN>*ISM -- ,UPDAT$4 

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