,! ,ONTOLOGICAL ,/ATUS ( ,CONSPIRACY ,!ORY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,HAKIM ,BEY 

,TEXT 3 

7= ,KEV9 ,COOGAN7 

,IS CONSPIRACY !ORY A DELUSION ( ! ,RI<T :I* HAS 9FECT$ ! ,LEFT AS WELL8 ,LEFTI/ ,CONSPIRACY ,!ORI/S SOMETIMES MAKE UNCRITICAL USE ( ! TEXTS ( ,RI<TE/ ,CONSPIRACY ,!ORI/S -- DELV+ 9TO ! WORK ( ! ,LIB]TY ,LOBBY = ,J,F,K ,ASSASS9ATION TIDBITS1 PICK+ UP ,BIR*I/ NOTIONS AB\T ! ,C,F,R_/,BILD]B]G_/,ROCKEFELL] 0LIB]AL0 9T]NATIONALI/S1 ETC41 ETC4 ,S9CE ANTI-SEMITISM CAN BE F\ND ON ! ,LEFT AS WELL AS ! ,RI<T1 E*OES ( ! ,PROTOCOLS MAY BE HE>D FROM BO? DIRECTIONS4 ,EV5 SOME AN>*I/S >E ATTRACT$ TO 0,HI/ORICAL ,REVISIONISM04 ,ANTICAPITALISM OR ECONOMIC POPULISM ON ! ,RI<T HAS ITS C\NT]PO9T ON ! ,LEFT 9 0,R$ ,FASCISM01 :I* BROKE ! SURFACE ( ,HI/ORY 9 ! ,HITL]_/,/AL9 ,PACT1 & HAS COME BACK TO HAUNT US 9 ! BIZ>RE ,EUROPEAN 0,?IRD ,WAVE0 AMALGAMATION ( ,RI<T & ,LEFT EXTREMISM1 A PH5OM5ON :I* EM]GES 9 ! ,U,S,A 9 ! LIB]T9E NIHILISM & 0SATANISM0 ( AN>*O-FASCI/ GR\PS LIKE ,AMOK ,PRESS & ,RADIO ,W]EWOLF -- & CONSPIRACY !ORY PLAYS A BIG ROLE 9 ALL !SE IDEOLOGIES4 

,IF CONSPIRACY !ORY IS ESS5TIALLY RI<T W+1 IT CAN ONLY BE SO BECAUSE IT POSITS A VIEW ( ,HI/ORY AS ! WORK ( 9DIVIDUALS RA!R ?AN GR\PS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ?IS >GUM5T1 A ,MAE ,BRUSSEL-TYPE !ORY 7%E BELIEV$ ?AT ,NAZIS HAD P5ETRAT$ ,AM]ICAN ,9TELLIG5CE & ,GOV]NM5T AT POLICY LEVEL7 MAY APPE> ,LEFTI/ BUT 9 FACT PROVIDES NO SU/5ANCE = G5U9E DIALECTICAL ANALYSIS1 S9CE IT IGNORES ECONOMICS & CLASS /RUGGLE AS CAUSAL =CES1 & 9/EAD TRACES ALL EV5TS TO ! MA*9ATIONS ( 0HIDD50 9DIVIDUALS4 ,EV5 ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN ,LEFT MAY SOMETIMES ADOPT ?IS L[ OP9ION ( CONSPIRACY !ORY1 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT IT IS NOT B\ND BY ANY DOGMATIC BELIEF 9 ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM4 ,SU* AN>*I/S W\LD AGREE ?AT TO BELIEVE 9 CONSPIRACY !ORY IS TO BELIEVE ?AT ELITES CAN 9FLU5CE ,HI/ORY4 ,AN>*ISM POSITS ?AT ELITES >E SIMPLY C>RI$ BY ! FL[ ( ,HI/ORY & ?AT !IR BELIEF 9 !IR [N P[] OR AG5CY IS PURE ILLUSION4 ,IF ONE W]E TO BELIEVE O!RWISE1 SU* AN>*I/S >GUE1 !N ,M>X & ,L59 W\LD BE CORRECT1 & CONSPIRATORIAL VANGU>DISM W\LD BE ! BE/ /RATEGY = ! 0MOVEM5T ( ! SOCIAL04 7,! EXI/5CE ( VANGU>DISM PROVES ?AT ! ,LEFT -- OR AT LEA/ ! AU?ORIT>IAN ,LEFT -- HAS NOT M]ELY BE5 TA9T$ ACCID5TALLY ) CONSPIRACY !ORY3 VANGU>DISM ,I,S CONSPIRACY67 ,! ,L59I/S SAY ! /ATE IS A CONSPIRACY1 EI!R ( ,RI<T OR ,LEFT-TAKE Y\R *OICE4 ,! AN>*I/S >GUE ?AT ! /ATE DOES NOT 0HAVE0 P[] 9 ANY ABSOLUTE OR ESS5TIAL S5SE1 BUT ?AT IT M]ELY USURPS ! P[] :I*1 9 ESS5CE1 0BELONGS0 TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 OR TO SOCIETY 5 MASSE4 ,! /ATE'S APP>5TLY CONSPIRATORIAL ASPECT IS !RE=E ILLUSORY -- M]E IDEOLOGICAL WANK+ ON ! P>T ( POLITICIANS1 SPIES1 BANK]S & O!R SCUM1 BL9DLY S]V+ ! 9T]E/S ( !IR CLASS4 ,CONSPIRACY ,!ORY IS !RE=E ( 9T]E/ ONLY AS A K9D ( SOCIOLOGY ( CULTURE1 A TRACK+ ( ! DELUSORY FANTASIES ( C]TA9 9-GR\PS & \T-GR\PS -- BUT CONSPIRACY !ORY ITSELF HAS NO ONTOLOGICAL /ATUS4 

,?IS IS AN 9T]E/+ !ORY ) A GREAT DEAL ( M]IT1 ESPECIALLY AS A CRITICAL TOOL4 ,H[EV]1 AS AN IDEOLOGY1 IT SUFF]S FROM ! SAME FLAW AS ANY O!R IDEOLOGY4 ,IT CON/RUCTS AN ABSOLUTE ,IDEA1 !N EXPLA9S REALITY 9 T]MS ( ABSOLUTES4 ,! AU?ORIT>IAN ,RI<T & ,LEFT %>E A VIEW ( ! ONTOLOGICAL /ATUS ( ELITES OR VANGU>DS 9 ,HI/ORY2 ! ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN RESPONSE IS TO %IFT ! ONTOLOGICAL-,HI/ORICAL WEI<T TO 9DIVIDUALS OR GR\PS2 BUT NEI!R !ORY HAS BO!R$ TO QUE/ION ! ONTOLOGICAL /ATUS ( ,HI/ORY1 OR = ?AT MATT] ( ONTOLOGY ITSELF4 

,9 ORD] EI!R TO CONFIRM OR D5Y CONSPIRACY !ORY CATEGORICALLY ONE MU/ BELIEVE 9 ! CATEGORY ( 0,HI/ORY04 ,BUT S9CE ! #a#i? C5TURY 0,HI/ORY0 HAS FRAGM5T$ 9TO DOZ5S ( CONCEPTUAL %>DS -- E?NO-HI/ORY1 PSY*O-HI/ORY1 SOCIAL HI/ORY1 HI/ORY ( ?+S & IDEAS & M5TALITIES1 CLIOMETRICS1 MICRO-HI/ORY -- !SE >E NOT COMPET+ IDEOLOGIES ( ,HI/ORY1 BUT SIMPLY A MULTIPLICITY ( HI/ORIES4 ,! NOTION ?AT ,HI/ORY IS MADE BY 0GREAT M501 OR ?AT ,HI/ORY IS ! \TCOME ( BL9D /RUGGLE BETWE5 ECONOMIC 9T]E/S1 OR ?AT ,HI/ORY 0IS0 ANY?+ SPECIFIC AT ALL1 CANNOT REALLY SURVIVE ?IS FRAGM5TATION 9TO AN 9F9ITY ( N>RATIVES4 ,! PRODUCTIVE APPROA* TO SU* A COMPLEX IS NOT ONTOLOGICAL BUT EPI/EMOLOGICAL2 I4E41 WE N[ ASK NOT :AT 0,HI/ORY0 0IS01 BUT RA!R :AT & H[ WE CAN KN[ ( & FROM ! MANY1 MANY /ORIES1 ]ASURES1 APPE>ANCES & DISAPPE>ANCES1 PALIMPSE/S & FRAGM5TS ( ! MULTIPLE DISC\RSES & MULTIPLE HI/ORIES ( ! 9EXTRICABLY TANGL$ COMPLEXITIES ( HUMAN BECOM+4 

,?US WE MI<T POSIT 7AS AN EPI/EMOLOGICAL EX]CISE IF NO?+ ELSE7 ! NOTION ?AT AL?\< HUMAN BE+S >E C>RI$ ALONG OR MOV$ BY CLASS 9T]E/S1 ECONOMIC =CES1 ETC41 WE CAN ALSO ACCEPT ! POSSIBILITY ( A FE$BACK ME*ANISM1 :]EBY ! IDEOLOGIES & ACTIONS ( BO? 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS CAN MODIFY ! V]Y 0=CES0 :I* PRODUCE !M4 

,9 FACT IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT AS AN>*I/S ( ONE SORT OR ANO!R WE MU/ ADOPT SOME SU* VIEW ( MATT]S1 OR ELSE ACCEPT ?AT \R AGITATION1 $UCATION1 PROPAG&A1 =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 UPRIS+S1 ETC41 >E ESS5TIALLY FUTILE1 & ?AT ONLY 0EVOLUTION0 CAN OR WILL BR+ AB\T ANY SIGNIFICANT *ANGE 9 ! FABRIC ( SOCIETY & LIFE4 ,?IS MAY OR MAY NOT BE TRUE ( ! LONG DUREE ( HUMAN BECOM+1 BUT IT IS MANIFE/LY NOT TRUE ON ! LEVEL ( 9DIVIDUAL EXP]I5CE ( EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,H]E A K9D ( R\< EXI/5TIALISM PREVAILS1 SU* ?AT WE MU/ ACT AS IF \R ACTIONS C\LD BE EFFECTIVE1 OR ELSE SUFF] 9 \RSELVES A POV]TY ( BECOM+4 ,)\T ! WILL TO SELF-EXPRESSION 9 ACTION1 WE >E R$UC$ TO PRECISELY NO?+4 ,?IS IS UNACCEPTABLE4 ,!RE=E1 EV5 IF ONE C\LD PROVE ?AT ALL ACTION IS ILLUSION 7& ,I DO NOT BELIEVE ?AT ANY SU* PRO( IS AVAILABLE71 WE W\LD /ILL FACE ! PROBLEM ( DESIRE4 ,P>ADOXICALLY WE >E =C$ 7ON PA9 ( UTT] NEGATION7 TO ACT AS IF WE FREELY *OOSE TO ACT1 & AS IF ACTION CAN BR+ AB\T *ANGE4 

,ON ?IS BASIS IT SEEMS POSSIBLE TO CON/RUCT A NON-AU?ORIT>IAN !ORY ( CONSPIRACY !ORY :I* NEI!R D5IES IT ALTOGE!R NOR ELEVATES IT TO ! /ATUS ( AN IDEOLOGY4 ,9 ITS LIT]AL S5SE ( 0BREA?+ TOGE!R01 CONSPIRACY MAY EV5 BE ?\<T ( AS A NATURAL PR9CIPLE ( AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION4 ,FACE TO FACE1 UNM$IAT$ BY ANY CONTROL1 TOGE!R WE CON/RUCT \R SOCIAL REALITY = \RSELVES4 ,IF WE MU/ DO SO CL&E/9ELY1 9 ORD] TO AVOID ! ME*ANISMS ( M$IATION & CONTROL1 !N WE HAVE P]PETRAT$ A K9D ( CONSPIRACY4 ,BUT MORE3 WE CAN ALSO SEE ?AT O!R GR\PS MAY ORGANIZE CL&E/9ELY NOT TO AVOID CONTROL BUT TO ATTEMPT TO IMPOSE IT4 ,IT'S PO9TLESS TO PRET5D ?AT SU* ATTEMPTS >E ALWAYS FUTILE1 BECAUSE EV5 IF !Y FAIL TO 9FLU5CE 0,HI/ORY0 7:ATEV] ?AT IS71 !Y CAN C]TA9LY 9T]SECT ) & IMPACT UPON \R EV]YDAY LIVES4 ,TO TAKE ONE EXAMPLE1 ANYONE :O D5IES ! REALITY ( CONSPIRACY MU/ FACE A DIFFICULT TASK 9DE$ :5 ATTEMPT+ TO EXPLA9 AWAY ! ACTIVITIES ( C]TA9 ELEM5TS )9 ,9TELLIG5CE & ! ,REPUBLICAN ,P>TY 9 ! ,U,S,A OV] ! LA/ FEW DECADES4 ,NEV] M9D ! ,K5N$Y ,ASSASS9ATION1 ?AT SPECTACUL> BOONDOGGLE2 =GET ! REMNANTS ( ! ,GEHL5 ,ORG :O W]E LURK+ >\ND ,DALLAS2 BUT H[ CAN ONE EV5 BEG9 TO DISCUSS ,NIXON'S PLUMB]S1 ,IRAN_/,CONTRA1 ! ,S@&,L 0CRISIS01 ! %[-W>S AGA9/ ,LIBYA1 ,GR5ADA1 ,PANAMA1 & ,IRAQ1 )\T SOME REC\RSE TO ! CONCEPT ( 0CONSPIRACY08 ,& EV5 IF WE BELIEVE ?AT ! CONSPIRATORS W]E ACT+ AS AG5TS ( BL9D =CES1 ETC41 ETC41 CAN WE D5Y ?AT !IR ACTIONS HAVE ACTUALLY PRODUC$ RAMIFICATIONS ON ! LEVEL ( \R [N EV]YDAY LIVES8 ,! ,REPUBLICANS LAUN*$ AN OP5 0,W> ON ,DRUGS01 = EXAMPLE1 :ILE SECRETLY US+ COCA9E MONEY TO F9ANCE RI<T W+ 9SURG5CY 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA4 ,DID ANYONE Y\ KN[ DIE 9 ,NIC>AGUA8 ,DID ANYONE Y\ KN[ GET CAU<T UP 9 ! HYPOCRITICAL 0W>0 ON M>IJUANA8 ,DID ANYONE Y\ KN[ FALL 9TO ! MIS]Y ( CRACK ADDICTION8 7,LET'S NOT EV5 M5TION ! ,C,I,A'S H]O9 DEAL+ 9 ,S\!A/ ,ASIA & ,AF<ANI/AN47 

,AS ,C>L ,OGLESBY PO9TS \T1 SOPHI/ICAT$ CONSPIRACY !ORY POSITS NO S+LE1 ALL-P[]FUL1 OV]-RID+ CABAL 9 *>GE ( 0,HI/ORY04 ,?AT W\LD 9DE$ BE A =M ( /UPID P>ANOIA1 :E!R ( ! ,LEFT OR ! ,RI<T4 ,CONSPIRACIES RISE & FALL1 SPR+ UP & DECAY1 MIGRATE FROM ONE GR\P TO ANO!R1 COMPETE1 COLLUDE1 COLLIDE1 IMPLODE1 EXPLODE1 FAIL1 SUCCE$1 ]ASE1 =GE1 =GET1 VANI%4 ,CONSPIRACIES >E SYMPTOMS ( ! GREAT 0BL9D =CES0 7& H5CE USEFUL AS METAPHORS IF NO?+ ELSE71 BUT !Y ALSO FE$ BACK 9TO ?OSE =CES & SOMETIMES EV5 AFFECT OR EFFECT OR 9FECT !M4 ,CONSPIRACIES1 9 EFFECT1 >E NOT ! WAY HI/ORY IS MADE1 BUT >E RA!R P>TS ( ! VA/ COMPLEX ( MYRIADS ( WAYS 9 :I* \R MULTIPLE /ORIES >E CON/RUCT$4 ,CONSPIRACY ,!ORY CANNOT EXPLA9 EV]Y?+ BUT IT CAN EXPLA9 SOME?+4 ,IF IT HAS NO ONTOLOGICAL /ATUS1 NEV]!LESS IT DOES HAVE ITS EPI/EMOLOGICAL USES4 

,H]E'S A HYPO!SIS3 

,HI/ORY 7SMALL 0H07 IS A K9D ( *AOS4 ,)9 HI/ORY >E EMB$D$ O!R *AOSES1 IF ONE CAN USE SU* A T]M4 ,LATE 0DEMOCRATIC0 ,CAPITALISM IS ONE SU* *AOS1 9 :I* P[] & CONTROL HAVE BECOME EXCE$+LY SUBTLE1 ALMO/ AL*EMICAL1 H>D TO LOCATE1 P]HAPS IMPOSSIBLE TO DEF9E4 ,! WRIT+S ( ,DEBORD1 ,F\CAULT1 & ,BAUDRILL>D1 HAVE BROA*$ ! POSSIBILITY ?AT 0P[] ITSELF0 IS EMPTY1 0DISAPPE>$01 & BE5 REPLAC$ BY ! M]E VIOL5CE ( ! SPECTACLE4 ,BUT IF HI/ORY IS A *AOS ! SPECTACLE CAN ONLY BE SE5 AS A 0/RANGE ATTRACTOR0 RA!R ?AN AS SOME SORT ( CAUSATIVE =CE4 ,! IDEA ( 0=CE0 BELONGS TO CLASSICAL PHYSICS & HAS LITTLE ROLE TO PLAY 9 *AOS !ORY4 ,& IF CAPITALISM IS A *AOS & ! SPECTACLE IS A /RANGE ATTRACTOR1 !N ! METAPHOR CAN BE EXT5D$3 -- WE CAN SAY ?AT ! 0,REPUBLICAN0 CONSPIRACIES >E LIKE ! ACTUAL PATT]NS G5]AT$ BY ! /RANGE ATTRACTOR4 ,! CONSPIRACIES >E NOT CAUSAL -- BUT1 !N1 NO?+ IS REALLY 0CAUSAL0 9 ! OLD CLASSICAL S5SE ( ! T]M4 

,ONE USEFUL WAY 9 :I* WE CAN1 SO TO SPEAK1 SEE 9TO ! *AOS ?AT IS HI/ORY1 IS TO LOOK ?R\< ! L5S PROVID$ BY ! CONSPIRACIES4 ,WE MAY OR MAY NOT BELIEVE ?AT CONSPIRACIES >E M]E SIMULATIONS ( P[]1 M]E SYMPTOMS ( ! SPECTACLE -- BUT WE CANNOT DISMISS !M AS EMPTY ( ALL SIGNIFICANCE4 

,RA!R ?AN SPEAK ( CONSPIRACY !ORY WE MI<T 9/EAD TRY TO CON/RUCT A POETICS ( CONSPIRACY4 ,A CONSPIRACY W\LD BE TREAT$ LIKE AN ES!TIC CON/RUCT1 OR A LANGUAGE-CON/RUCT1 & C\LD BE ANALYZ$ LIKE A TEXT4 ,ROB]T ,ANTON ,WILSON HAS DONE ?IS ) HIS VA/ & PLAYFUL 0,ILLUM9ATI0 FANTASY4 ,WE CAN ALSO USE CONSPIRACY !ORY AS A WEAPON ( AGIT-PROP4 ,CONSPIRACIES ( 0P[]0 MAKE USE ( %E] DIS9=MATION2 ! LEA/ WE CAN DO 9 RETALIATION IS TO TRACE IT TO ITS S\RCE4 ,9DE$ WE %\LD AVOID ! MY/IQUE ( CONSPIRACY !ORY1 ! FANTASY ?AT CONSPIRACY IS ALL-P[]FUL4 ,CONSPIRACIES CAN BE BL[N4 ,!Y CAN EV5 BE DEFEAT$4 ,BUT ,I FE> !Y CANNOT SIMPLY BE IGNOR$4 ,! REFUSAL TO ADMIT ANY VALIDITY TO CONSPIRACY !ORY IS ITSELF A =M ( SPECTACUL> DELUSION-BL9D BELIEF 9 ! LIB]AL1 RATIONAL1 DAYLI<T WORLD 9 :I* WE ALL HAVE 0RI<TS01 9 :I* 0! SY/EM WORKS01 9 :I* 0DEMOCRATIC VALUES WILL PREVAIL 9 ! LONG RUN0 BECAUSE ,NATURE HAS SO DECRE$ IT4 

,HI/ORY IS A BIG MESS4 ,MAYBE CONSPIRACIES DON'T WORK4 ,BUT WE HAVE TO ACT AS IF !Y DO WORK4 ,9 FACT ! NON-AU?ORIT>IAN MOVEM5T NOT ONLY NE$S ITS [N CONSPIRACY !ORY1 IT NE$S ITS [N CONSPIRACIES4 ,:E!R !Y 0WORK0 OR NOT4 ,EI!R WE ALL BREA? TOGE!R OR WE EA* SUFFOCATE ON \R [N4 0,!Y0 >E CONSPIR+1 NEV] D\BT IT1 ?OSE S9I/] CL[NS4 ,NOT ONLY %\LD WE >M \RSELVES ) CONSPIRACY !ORY1 WE %\LD HAVE \R [N CONSPIRACIES -- \R ,T,A,Z'S -- \R ONTOLOGICAL GU]RILLA COMM&O HIT-SQUADS -- \R ,POETIC ,T]RORI/S -- \R *AOS CABALS -- \R SECRET SOCIETIES4 ,PR\DHON SAID SO4 ,BAKUN9 SAID SO4 ,MALATE/A SAID SO4 ,IT'S AN>*I/ TRADITION4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #b#b1 #bb 3 ,! ,ONTOLOGICAL ,/ATUS ( ,CONSPIRACY ,!ORY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,ONTOLOGICAL ,/ATUS ( ,CONSPIRACY ,!ORY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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